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RSEC Sustainable Energy Curriculum Fra
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Renewing the Sustainable Energy Curriculum – Curriculum Frameworks and Guidance for Course Delivery
Sustainable Energy Knowledge and Generic Skills Taxonomies
The sustainable energy knowledge and generic attributes taxonomies developed for the sustainable energy curriculum maps
pported by the Australian Government AUTHORS
Project Leaders: Chris Lund (Murdoch University) Philip Jennings (Murdoch University) Trevor Pryor (Murdoch University) Research Assistants: Angela Taylor, Md Anisuzzaman and Emiko Watanabe (Murdoch
University) Project Team Members: Murdoch University Amanda Woods-McConney, Chris Lund,
Philip Jennings and Trevor Pryor The Australian National University Kim Blackmore
Queensland University of Technology Wendy Miller
The University of New South Wales Richard Corkish The University of South Australia Wasim Saman
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to acknowledge and thank the project team for their contribution and enthusiastic support. A special thank you goes to the research assistants and in particular Emiko Watanabe whose unique background of having both a relevant science and humanities double degree and industry experience greatly enhanced the project outcomes. Thank you also to the external Reference Group members and our external evaluator Dr Rob Phillips. We wish to thank the graduates from the five member universities and sustainable energy industry representatives who took the time to complete the survey and or interview. We also wish to thank the industry associations who readily agreed to promote the project and distributed the survey to their members. We wish to thank the international course coordinators who responded to the survey questions sent to them. The support for the project and production of this report by the Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching is gratefully acknowledged.
This Curriculum Guide is based on a Learning and Teaching Guide template that was designed by Daniela Rota for the ECALS project and we wish to thank them for permission to also use it for this project. See
<http://www.olt.gov.au/system/files/resources/PP7-340%20Murdoch%20Mills%20ECALS%20Handbook%202009.pdf>.
S
upport for the production of this guide has been provided by the Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching.
With the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, and where otherwise noted, all material presented in this document is provided under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Unported License 4. See <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>. The details of the relevant license conditions are available on the Creative Commons website (accessible using the links provided) as is the full legal code for the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode>. Attribution: You must attribute the work to the original authors and include the following statement: Support for the original work that led to production of this guide has been provided by the Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching. Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike: If you alter, transform, or build on this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Requests and inquiries concerning these rights should be addressed to: Office for Learning and Teaching Department of Education PO Box 9880, Sydney NSW 2001 <[email protected]> 2014
Section 1 – Introduction
T INTRODUCTION
his Sustainable Energy Curriculum Frameworks Knowledge Taxonomy Document provides the sustainable energy “knowledge taxonomies” developed to support the development of the Sustainable Energy Curriculum Frameworks.
This document is not a standalone document but is used in conjunction with the “Renewing the Sustainable Energy Curriculum – Curriculum Frameworks and Guidance for Course Delivery Curriculum Frameworks Guide” developed by the “Renewing the sustainable energy curriculum – providing internationally relevant skills for a carbon constrained economy” project. This document presents the associated “Knowledge Taxonomies” which were used to develop the sustainable energy curriculum frameworks. The explanation of how the taxonomies were developed and how they should be interpreted and used is presented in the “Renewing the Sustainable Energy Curriculum – Knowledge Taxonomies Supporting Document”. Note: This document should always be used in conjunction with the “Renewing the Sustainable Energy Curriculum – Knowledge Taxonomies Supporting Document” and the “Renewing the Sustainable Energy Curriculum – Curriculum Frameworks and Guidance for Course Delivery Curriculum Frameworks Guide”. All three documents are available from the project website - <http://www.murdoch.edu.au/projects/secfp/>.
Power Generation
Technologies
Established
Sustainable Energy Overarching Knowledge Taxonomy
Electricity Transmission,
Storage & Network Systems
Emerging Economics
Policy
RD&D (including
Financing)
Industrial &
Manufacturing
Commercial &
Community
Buildings
Households
Energy Efficiency
Precincts
Chemical Storage
Thermal Storage
Hydropower
Solar PV
Solar Thermal
Bioenergy
Wave
Tidal
OTEC/
Osmotic
Hot Rock
Geothermal
Conventional
GeothermalTraining & Capacity
Building
Stakeholder
Engagement &
Behaviour Change
Sustainable energy is the provision of energy that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Sustainable energy sources include all renewable energy sources, such
as hydroelectricity, solar energy, wind energy, wave power, geothermal
energy, bioenergy, and tidal power. It also includes technologies designed to
improve energy efficiency.
Electricity
Generation &
Distribution
Energy Solutions for
Developing Countries
Renewable Energy
Sources
Sustainable
Development &
Enablers
Improved Use of
Traditional Energy
Uses
Sustainable Transport
& Biofuel
Sustainable
Transport
Conventional
Internal
Combustion Engine
(ICE) Vehicles
Power Quality &
Grid Integration
Environmental,
Social & Legal
Impacts
Physical Storage
Direct Electric
Storage
Standards
Sustainable Energy
Project & Business
Management
Hybrid RE
Systems
Smart Grids
Generic Skills and
Data Analysis
Tools
Carbon
Management
Carbon Accounting,
Offsets & Trading
Life Cycle
Assessment
Greenhouse Gas
Inventory
Enablers
Electric & Hybrid
Vehicles
Alternative
Transport Fuels
Smart Transport
Networks &
Network
Technology
Transport System
Enablers
Technology &
Systems
New
Conventional
Wind
Non-Industrial
Carbon Management
Strategy
Carbon Capture &
Storage
Industrial Data
Analysis Tools
Heat
Exchangers &
Recovery
Electric Motors
& Drive
Systems
Boiler
Combustion &
Steam
Systems
Mining &
Minerals
Processing
Specialised
Areas
Support
Systems
Power Generation Technologies – Established Conventional Sub Taxonomy
Hydropower Conventional
Geothermal
Bioenergy
Large
scale
Small scale/
micro
CombustionAnaerobic
production
Gasification/
Pyrolysis
Furnace
Algae
Sewerage
gas
Landfill gas
Stoves
Agricultural waste
(e.g straw)
Baggasse
Forestry/plantation
timber and offcuts
Waste wood and
biomass
Human
sewerage
Animal
process
wastes
Animal
manure
Solid
combustion
Biofuels
Human
refuse/
garbage
Human
refuse/
garbage
Biofuels
Grains (E.g.
canola/soy)
Tree nuts
(e.g. palm
oil)
Waste
vegetable oil
Waste
animal oils
and fats
MechanicalElectrical
Large scale
Small scale/
micro
Thermal Electrical
Resource
assessment
Component
design and
manufacture
System
design &
installation
Network
Integration
Resource
assessment
Component
design and
manufacture
System
design &
installation
Network
integration
Power Generation Technologies – Established New Sub Taxonomy
Solar PVWind
Solar Thermal
Large
scaleSmall to
medium scale
Large
scale
Small to medium
scale
Large
scaleSmall to
medium scale
Onshore
Offshore
Hybrid RE
Systems
Resource
assessment
Resource
assessment
Component
design and
manufacture
System
design
and
installation
Free
standing
Building
integrated
PV
Solar
PV
farm
design
Network
integration
Resource
assessment
Component
design and
manufacture
System
design &
installation
Solar
Hot
Water
Building
integrated
Solar
thermal
power
station
design
Network
integration
Resource
Assessment
Component
design and
manufacture
System
design &
installation
Wind
farm
design
Network
integration
System
design and
installation
Mini-grid
integration
including
storage
Component
design and
manufacture
Off-gridGrid
connected
Free
standing
Building
integrated
wind
Off-gridGrid
connected
Power Generation Technologies - Emerging Sub Taxonomy
Wave Tidal OTEC/Osmotic Hot Rock
Geothermal
Materials and
components
manufacture
System design
and construction
Geology and
drilling
Resource
assessment
Grid integration
Materials and
components
manufacture
System design
and construction
Resource
assessment
Grid integration
Energy Efficiency – Industrial and Manufacturing Sub Taxonomy
Data Analysis
Tools
Heat Exchange,
Transfer and
Recovery
Specialised
Areas
Energy mass
balance and
Sankey diagrams
Heat exchangers
Process
integration and
Pinch analysis
Exergy analysis
Electric Motors
and Drive Systems
High grade heat
recovery
Medium and low
grade heat recovery
Boiler Combustion
and Steam Systems
Motor sizing
Power quality
Pumps, blowers
and fans
Electricity distribution
losses
Compressors and
chillers
Boiler combustion
efficiency
Combustion
control
Insulation and leaks
Steam distribution
system design and
sizing
Electrochemical
systems
Conveyors
Boiler design
Voltage level
Phase imbalance
Power factor
Harmonics and
electromagnetic
interference
Mechanical
distribution losses
Leaks
Insulation and leaks
Heat pipes
Motor control and
VSDs
More efficient motors
Heat distribution
system design and
sizing
Fluid dynamics
and air
psychometrics
Mining, and
Minerals
Processing
Haul routes and
logistics
planning
Optimisation of
blasting and
ripping
Crushing and
grinding
Operation and
maintenance
practices
More efficient,
hybrid and
alternative fuel
heavy
equipment
Furnaces,
kilns, dryers
and ovens,
Mixing and
stirring systems
Concentration
and separation
processes
Industrial heat pumps
Other energy &
water networks
energy
efficiency
Non-Indutrial
Sub
Taxonomy
See associated
diagram
IT &Telecoms
Systems &
Networks
Energy
Efficiency
Power Generation
and Distribution
Improved Efficiency in
conventional
generation Plants
Cogeneration
(generation of
electricity and heat/
steam etc)
Centralised to
distributed generation
Co-firing/co-source
(e.g. biomass or solar
thermal supplement)
Energy Efficiency – Non-Industrial Sub Taxonomy
Generic Skills Commercial and
Community BuildingsHousehold Precincts
Building structure
and envelope
HVAC
Energy auditing –
AS Standard
Lighting
Energy efficient service
appliances (e.g.
cooking, laundry)
Facilities (e.g.
swimming pools etc)
Building and
envelope
Heating and
cooling
Water heating
Household
appliances
Other
consumptions (e.g.
swimming pools,
bore pumps)
Building integrated
microgeneration (PV,
wind, fuel cells).
Co-/tri-generation
City and settlement
design and planning
(*TODS, GODs and
PODS)
Modal switching in
transport between
settlements (e.g.
trucks to rail).
Energy efficient road
and transport
corridor design
Energy efficient
water and waste
management
(centralised vs
localised, increased
recycling)
Commercial Office
Retail, Service
and Hospitality
Community
Fixed plant (Lifts,
escalators etc)
Energy efficient
facilities
management
Energy efficient
equipment (e.g.
office equipment).
`
Industrial &
Manfacturing
See
associated
diagram
ISO5001 Energy
Management Systems
Whole of business
energy efficiency
option evaluation
Whole of system and
services thinking
Identification of
innovative out of the
box solutions
Representative
assessments
Assessment,
monitoring equipment
and systems
Energy and demand
side management
approaches
Understanding of
energy markets,
prices and tarifs
Developing energy
intensity indicators and
benchmarking
Statistical, regression
and other relationship
analysis
Laws of
thermodynamics, heat
transfer and energy
and process modelling
District heating and
cooling
Generic Building
Skills
Building simulation
and rating tools/
Software (e.g.
Nabers, Accurate)
Chillers – fridges/
freezers
Energy efficient
building design
Communicating
energy efficiency
Ground source
heat pumps
*TOD- Transport oriented development
POD – Pedestrian oriented development
GOD- Green Oriented DevelopmentSee for example: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/4390959/TOD-
POD-GOD-the-new-sustainability-agenda-for-centres
Enablers Sub Taxonomy
Economics Policy
Economic concepts
Structure of energy supply systems
Regulation & open access in the
energy sector
Energy markets
Externalities in energy supply
Investment decision making
techniques & cost benefit analysis
Taxation
Economics of nuclear power
Economics of renewable energy
Resource economics,
environmental macroeconomics &
thermodynamics
Policy analysis
Game theory & energy policy
fomulation
Public choice theory & policy
decisions
Policy institutions
Policy instruments
Policy interactions
Energy policy in the global
environment
Energy security
Efficiency in the energy sector
Energy safety & risk assessment
Energy & environmental protection
Electricity market reform
RD&D (including Financing)
Training & Capacity Building
Stakeholder Engagement &
Behaviour Change
Environmental & Social
Impacts
Standards
Sustainable Energy Project and
Business Management
Climate & Energy Law
Greenhouse Gas
Inventory
Carbon Accounting,
Offsets & Trading
National inventories,
greenhouse gas
accounting standards
and law
Identification, estimation
& reporting of
greenhouse gas
emissions
Emissions pricing
Life cycle thinking & Life
Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Economic I-O LCA
Life Cycle Process/
Inventory LCA
Hybrid LCA models
Life Cycle Assessment
concepts & standards
LCA software
LCA of infrastructure &
built form
International Inventories
& Carbon Offset
Standards
National Carbon Offset
Standard &
accreditation of carbon
offsets
LCA of conventional
energy, renewable
energy & transport
Carbon neutrality,
carbon inventory & LCA
International protocols,
carbon markets &
carbon trading
Life Cycle
Assessment
Carbon Management Knowledge Sub Taxonomy
Depleted oil
and gas fields
Unmineable
coal seams
Saline acquifer
Post-combustion
capture
Pre-combustion
capture
Capture and
permanent storageCapture and
reuseTransport
Oxyfuel
combustion
Geology and
drilling
Biomass/
bioenergy
Value added
commodities
Pipeline
Ship or truck
Algae
Deep ocean
sequestration
System design
and construction
Materials and
components
manufacture
System design
and construction Materials and
components
manufacture
System design
and construction
Reserve
assessment
Materials and
components
manufacture
Carbon Capture and
Storage
Carbon Management
Strategy
Electricity Transmission, Storage and Network Systems Sub Taxonomy
Thermal
Storage Physical Storage
Molten salt
Ice/cold storage
Kinetic energy
Flywheels
Phase change
materials
Power Quality and
Grid Integration
Power quality
and control
electronics
Inverters
Transmission
Resources and
demand
forecasting
Potential energy
Pumped
hydro
Compressed
air
Chemical
Storage
Thermochemical
Ammonia
splitting/
reformation
Methane
splitting/
reformation
Flashing steam
Concrete/rock/
water (sensible
heat)
Electrochemical
Batteries
Hydrogen
Low
temperature
Flow
Direct Electric
Storage
Super
capacitors
AC
DC
Penetration,
stability and
control
Load control/
demand side
management
Operation and
mangementTransmission and
power electronics
High
temperature
Fuel cells
Storage
Electrolysis
Ceramics
(sensible heat)
Superconducting
magnetic energy
storage
Smart Grids
Energy Solutions for Developing Countries Sub Taxonomy
Improved use of
Traditional
Energy Uses
Renewable Energy
Sources
Sustainable
Transport and
Biofuels
Sustainable
Development and
Enablers
Human and
animal power
Fuelwood and
charcoal
Small scale
renewable
energy systems
Electrification
using solar Technology
selection, transfer
and gender
issues
Markets,
microfinance and
project planning
Successful
implementation of
renewable
energy
Crop residues
Cooking with
renewable
energy
Wind and water
power
Sustainable Transport Alternative Fuels Sub Taxonomy
Biofuels Technology
and Systems
See associated
diagram
Conventional
(1st Generation)
Emerging
(2nd
/ 3rd
Generation)
Biodiesel
Bioethanol
Biomethane
Feedstock
analysis
Other
Oil crops
Transesterification
Sugar and starch
based feedstock
Fermentation
Distillation
Anaerobic digestion
Microalgae
Sugar based
hydrocarbons
Biomass to
liquids (BtL)
Hydrotreated
vegetable oil
Gasification
Cellulosic
ethanol
Bio-synethic
gas
Novel fuels
(e.g. furanics)Biobutanol
Dimethylether
(DME)
Pyrolysis
based fuelsMethanol
Hydrogen
Conventional Emerging
Production
Distribution
Storage
Use
Centralised natural
gas reforming
Centralised
electrolysis
Coal/oil
gasification
By-product
(e.g. chlorine
production)
Onsite electrolysis
Carbon Black and
Hydrogen (CB+H)
Onsite reforming
Biomass reforming
CO2 sequestration
Thermochemical
cycles
Biological (e.g.
photosynthesis)
Photo-
electrochemical
Hydrogen pipeline
Compressed
gaseous hydrogen
trailer
Hydrogen
liquefaction
Liquid hydrogen
trailer
Stationary
Compressed
gaseous hydrogen
Metal hydrides
Liquid hydrogen
seagoing
containers
Liquid hydrogen
storage
Boron Hydride
Activated carbon
Alanates
Socio-economic
impacts
(e.g. food vs energy
security)
Enablers
Environmental impacts
LCA & systems
analysis
Policy & legislation
Quality management
Risk management
Hydrogen gas turbine Hydrogen ICE* Fuel cells
Alkaline
Proton exchange
membrane
Solid oxide
Combustion Electric
*Internal
combustion
engine
Sustainable Transport Technology and Systems Sub Taxonomy
Conventional
ICE* Vehicles
Alternative
Transport FuelsSmart Transport
Networks & Network
Technology
Electric vehiclesVehicle
performance,
characteristics &
drive train designICT*
Intelligent
Transport
Systems (ITS)
Transport systems
analysis
Hybrid vehicles
Engines and their
characteristics Electric
propulsion
systems & design
Energy storage
devices
Traction motor &
transmission
design
Prediction of
vehicle
performance &
simulation
Series & parallel
hybrids
Torque & speed
coupling hybrids
Control &
monitoring
systems
Electric and
Hybrid Vehicles
Mechanical
background &
engineering
knowledge
*Internal
combustion
engine
*Information &
Communication
Technologies
Total supply chain
logisitics and
impact
Understand,
work with &
manage IT as
part of
transportation or
civil engineering
projects
Optimum routing
of traffic flows &
system
optimisation
Efficient
network
planning &
design
Network
analysis,
architecture &
design
processes
Hierarchy &
interconenctivity
in network
design
Modelling tools
& techniques for
large scale
systems &
stochastic
optimisation
Analysis of
requirements
Optimum routing
of traffic flows &
system
optimisation
Understanding
of various
systems
Network
analysis,
architecture &
design
processes
Hierarchy &
interconnectivity
in network
design
ITS technologies
Develop, install,
maintain green
ICT s
Develop transport
& logisitics energy
management
system
Transport
System
Enablers
Scope of pricing
mechanism &
regulation in
transport markets
Role of transport
economics and
pricing in system
performance
Institutional,
organisational &
political factors in
deployment &
operation of
transportation
systems
See associated
diagram
Regenerative
breaking & energy
recovery
Modelling tools
& techniques for
large scale
systems &
stochastic
optimisation
Power electronics
Design of more
efficient
conventional ICE
vehicles
Environmental
impacts
Generic Skills and Professional Attributes
Generic University Graduate
Engineering Graduate
CommunicationCritical & creative
thinking
Social interaction,
teamwork & leadership
Science and
Technology Graduate
Lifelong learningEthics Social justiceGlobal
perspectiveInterdisciplinarity
In-Depth knowledge of
a field of study
Critical & creative thinking
Social research & inquiry
(qualitative)
Scientific research &
inquiry (quantitative)
Discipline knowledge
Value in the Workplace
Technical Proficiency
Ethics
Obligation to Community
Personal commitment
Competency
Responsibility
Safe & sustainable
solutions
Community &
stakeholder engagement
Identify, assess &
manage risks
Laws and regulationsPerformance
Taking action
Judgement
Advanced knowledge Local knowledge Problem analysis Creativity and innovation Evaluation
Business Graduate
Business knowledge
Professional skills
Business analysis &
problem solving
Business leadership
Personal &
intellectual
autonomy
Ethical, social
& professional
understanding
CommunicationInformation
literacy
Teamwork &
collaboration
Global
perspectives
Humanities & Social
Sciences Graduate
Governance & social
responsibility
Behaviour change
Stakeholder engagement &
change management
Social & environmental
impact & evaluation
Public policy (design,
analysis & evaluation)
Discipline knowledge Discipline knowledge
Maths, physics &
chemistry
IT & laboratory skills
Technical mgmt
Analytical thinking
RSEC Sustainable Energy Curriculum Fra