Paper Presented atSymposium on Indonesian Environmental Monitoring 2004 (Strategic Development of Fisheries and Marine Affairs in Indonesia : Hopes and Their Challenges), Rakusui Hall,

Campus Shinagawa, Tokyo University of Marine Science of TechnologyBy:

Prof. Dr. Rokhmin DahuriMinister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

Ministry of Marine Affairs and FisheriesRepublic of IndonesiaJakarta, July 8, 2004

Ministry of Marine Affairs and FisheriesMinistry of Marine Affairs and FisheriesRepublic of IndonesiaRepublic of IndonesiaJakarta, July 8, 2004Jakarta, July 8, 2004

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIAN MARINE AND FISHERIES RESOURCES

Balancing Economic Growth, Social Equity, and Environmental Carrying Capacity

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIAN MARINE AND FISHERIES RESOURCES

Balancing Economic Growth, Social Equity, and Environmental Carrying Capacity

INDONESIAN’S PHYSICAL DIMENSION Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world with more than 17,500 islands and 81,000 km of coastline (the second longest in the world, after Canada)Total land area : 1.9 million km2 (25%)Total sea area : 5.8 million km2 (75%)• Territorial waters : 0.8 million km2

• Archipelagic &internal water : 2.3 million km2

• EEZ : 2.7 million km2

Freshwater ecosystems (lakes, rivers, swamp areas, reservoirs, etc.) : 54 million ha.

Map of Indonesia

INDONESIAN’S ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL DIMENSIONS

Total population : 220 millionGNP per capita : US $ 70060% of Indonesian people live within 50 km of the coastline.2/3 of Indonesian cities located within the coastal zoneIndonesian is endowed with varied and abundant natural resources, especially coastal and marine resources.Since the birth of “Reform Era” (1998) Indonesia has been acknowledged as the third largest democratic country in the world after USA and India.Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MoMAF) has been established since September 1999

POTENTIALS OF COASTAL AND MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON

NATURAL RESOURCESA. RENEWABLE RESOURCES

- fish and other living aquatic resources - coral reefs- mangrove - small island- etc

B. NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES- oil and gas- mine and minerals

C. MARINE ENERGY- wave - tide- OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) - wind

D. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES- communications and transportations - climate regulator - recreation and tourism - waste absorption

1. Aquaculture (MoMAF)2. Capture fisheries (MoMAF)3. Fisheries Processing Industries (MoMAF)4. Biotechnology Industries (MoMAF)5. Marine Tourisms6. Mining and Energy7. Sea Transportation8. Maritime industries, Coastal engineering9. Mangrove (MoMAF/Ministry of Forestry)10.Small islands (MoMAF)11.Archeological heritages (MoMAF)

POTENTIALS OF MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON NATURAL

RESOURCES

ECONOMIC DOMAIN OF MoMAF1. Aquaculture2. Capture fisheries3. Fisheries Processing Industries 4. Biotechnology Industries

- Natural products, bioactive substances) for pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, food and beverages

- Bioremediation - Genetic engineering

5. Small islands6. Archeological heritages (sunken

treasures)7. Sea sand mining8. Non-conventional resources

Marine Capture Fisheries• MSY = 6.4 million tons/year• TAC = 5.2 million tons/year

(80% MSY) • Total Catch = 4.4 million tons (2003)• Opportunity

for expansion = 0.8 – 2.0 million tons/year

1. Selat Malaka; 2. Laut Cina Selatan; 3. Laut Jawa; 4. Selat Makasar dan Laut Flores; 5. Laut Banda;6. Laut Seram sampai Teluk Tomini; 7. Laut Sulawesi dan Samudera Pasifik; 8. Laut Arafura; 9. Samudera Hindia

95oT 100o 105o 110o 115o 120o 125o 130o 135o 140oT

5oU

0o

5oS

10o

15o

1% - 20%20% - 40%40% - 60%< 1%

Figure 1. Opportunity of Marine Fisheries Resources Development by Fisheries Management Zones

Perairan1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Indonesia

Ikan Pelagis BesarPotensi (103 ton/tahun) 27.67 66.08 55.00 193.60 104.12 106.51 175.26 50.86 386.26 1,165.36 Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 35.27 35.16 137.82 85.10 29.10 37.46 153.43 34.55 188.28 736.17 Pemanfaatan (%) >100 53.21 >100 43.96 27.95 35.17 87.54 67.93 48.74 63.17

Ikan Pelagis KecilPotensi (103 ton/tahun) 147.30 621.50 340.00 605.44 132.00 379.44 384.75 468.66 526.57 3,605.66 Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 132.70 205.53 507.53 333.35 146.47 119.43 62.45 12.31 264.56 1,784.33 Pemanfaatan (%) 90.15 33.07 >100 55.06 >100 31.48 16.23 2.63 50.21 49.49

Ikan DemersalPotensi (103 ton/tahun) 82.40 334.80 375.20 87.20 9.32 83.84 54.86 202.34 135.13 1,365.09 Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 146.23 54.69 334.92 167.38 43.20 32.14 15.31 156.80 134.83 1,085.50 Pemanfaatan (%) >100 16.34 89.26 >100 >100 38.33 27.91 77.49 99.78 79.52

Ikan Karang KonsumsiPotensi (103 ton/tahun) 5.00 21.57 9.50 34.10 32.10 12.50 14.50 3.10 12.88 145.25 Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 21.60 7.88 48.24 24.11 6.22 4.63 2.21 22.58 19.42 156.89 Pemanfaatan (%) >100 36.53 >100 70.70 19.38 37.04 15.24 >100 >100 >100

Udang PenaeidPotensi (103 ton/tahun) 11.40 10.00 11.40 4.80 0.00 0.90 2.50 43.10 10.70 94.80 Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 49.46 70.51 52.86 36.91 0.00 1.11 2.18 36.67 10.24 259.94 Pemanfaatan (%) >100 >100 >100 >100 0.00 >100 87.20 85.08 95.70 >100

LobsterPotensi (103 ton/tahun) 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.70 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.10 1.60 4.80 Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 0.87 1.24 0.93 0.65 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.16 0.16 4.08 Pemanfaatan (%) >100 >100 >100 92.86 2.50 6.67 10.00 >100 10.00 85.00

Cumi-cumiPotensi (103 ton/tahun) 1.86 2.70 5.04 3.88 0.05 7.13 0.45 3.39 3.75 28.25 Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 3.15 4.89 12.11 7.95 3.48 2.85 1.49 0.30 6.29 42.51 Pemanfaatan (%) >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 39.97 >100 8.85 >100 >100

Potensi (103 ton/tahun) 276.03 1,057.05 796.64 929.72 277.99 590.62 632.72 771.55 1,076.89 6,409.21 Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 389.28 379.90 1,094.41 655.45 228.48 197.64 237.11 263.37 623.78 4,069.42 Pemanfaatan (%) >100 35.94 >100 70.50 82.19 33.46 37.47 34.14 57.92 63.49

Catatan: 1. Selat Malaka, 2. Laut Cina Selatan, 3. Laut Jawa, 4. Selat Makassar dan Laut Flores, 5. Laut Banda, 6. Laut Seram dan Teluk Tomini, 7. Laut Sulawesi dan Samudera Pasifik, 8. Laut Arafura, 9. Samudera Hindia

Kelompok Wilayah Pengelolaan PerikananSumber Daya

Brackish water Aquaculture Potential by Province

40,00344.759100,00866.550TOTAL

1,012132,4221.000Irian Jaya26

0,024522,06191.150Maluku25

20,266890,393.400Sulawesi Utara24

107,345.8500,635.450Sulawesi Tengah23

68,2613.6862,3120.050Sulawesi Tenggara22

535,2284.8321,8315.850Sulawesi Selatan21

18,5015.4289,6283.400Kalimantan Timur20

8,262.3633,3028.600Kalimantan Selatan19

DtaDta13,27115.000Kalimantan Tengah18

0,6155710,5891.650Kalimantan Barat17

1,00260,302.600Timor Timur16

13,843460,292.500Nusa Tenggara Timur15

36,727.0512,2219.200Nusa Tenggara Barat14

14,586780,544.650Bali13

178,0360.1733,9033.800Jawa Timur12

DtaDta0,221.900D.I Yogyakarta11

139,7827.9552,3120.000Jawa Tengah10

86,6854.3087,2362.650Jawa Barat9

2,091430,796.850Bengkulu8

253,7416.6200,766.550Lampung7

46,923.6130,897.700Sumatera Barat6

0,611001,8816.300Sumatera Selatan5

Dta100DtaDtaJambi4

Dta286DtaDtaRiau3

9,726.9508,2571.500Sumatera Utara2

123,1242.8474,0234.800D.I Aceh1

%%Areas (ha)Areas (ha)%%Areas (ha)Areas (ha)

Utilization levelUtilization levelPotencyPotencyProvincesProvincesNoNo

Sumber : diolah dari Ditjen Perikanan (1999)

ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF SHRIMP BRACKISHWATER POND

• If 500.000 ha can be developed, with the productivity on average of 2 tons/ha/year

• Then, shrimp production = 1,000,000 tons/year• With price = US$ 10/kg

Total export values = US $ 10 Billion/year.

Notes :

1. Thailand, with coast-line of 2.600 km,

shrimp production = 340.000 ton/year

2. Total production of shrimp production in Indonesia = 80.000 ton (2000)

MARICULTURE• Coastline = 81,000 km• Many of the bays and small islands have relatively calm and clean

waters• Coral reef areas (85,000 km2) the largest in the world • Mariculture potential = 2,002,680 ha (20% of the total potential of

marine areas are 5 km from coast line)

1) Snapper = 598.120 ha2) Grouper = 461.600 ha3) Tiram & kerang darah = 591.800 ha4) Teripang = 66.660 ha5) Pearl & abalone = 62.040 ha6) Sea Weed = 222.460 ha

Total = 2.002.680 ha

• Potential production: ± 46.73 mill. ton/year (Puslitbangkan, 1998)• Current production (in 2000) = 0.5 mill. ton (very low)

POTENTIAL OF FRESHWATER FISHERIES

1. Inland waters• Lake ,• Reservoir ,• River • Wetland.

2. Freshwater ponds• Irrigation : 3,755,904 ha• ponds : 375,800 ha

3. Rice field fisheries • Irrigation : 1,760,827 ha• Land areas : 880,500 ha

Areas : 141,820 haProduction : 356,020 ton/yearValue : US $ 1bill.

Production :233,400 ton/year

Production : 805,700 ton/year

value:US $ 5.19 bill

TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE : US $ 6.19 bill/year.

MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY

a. Natural Products (Bioactive substances) for pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, food and beverage

b. Genetic engineering

c. Bioremediation

• Total export value of seaweed from the Philippines = US$ 700 million in 1998 (Trubus, December 1999). Indonesia exported US$ 15 million. only in the same year

• 60% seaweed raw materials of Philippines imported from Indonesia.

• Export value of marine biotechnology in USA = US$ 4 bill in 1996 (World Bank and Sida, 1997)

• Export value products of British bioremediation in 1996 = ± US$ 2 bill (ODA, 1997)

ESTIMATE OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF FISHERY RESOURCES

Commodity Sustainable Yield ( 1000 ton)

Estimated Value (US$ million)

Capture Fisheries (sea) 5.006 15.101

Capture Fisheries (fresh water)

356 1.068

Mariculture 46.700 46.700

Brackish water Aquaculture

1.000 10.000

Fresh water Aquaculture 1.039 5.195

Potential Marine Biotechnology

- 4.000

Total + Biotechnology - 82.064

MARINE TOURISMQueensland (2100 km coastline) ~ US $ 2.5 BILLION

MINING AND ENERGY

TRANSPORTATIONDevisa earning for foreign shipping lines ~ US $ 10 billion/yearMultiplier effects

MARITIME INDUSTRY: ship-yard, offshore engineering and structures, fishing gears, and deep sea water.

No Sector Econ. Value 1. Oil and Gas Rp. 11,7772. Industry Rp. 7,5883. Transportation and Communication Rp. 5,5284. Shipping and Ports Rp. 4,9055. Agriculture Rp. 3,6746. Fisheries Rp. 1,5897. Tourism Rp. 6948. Forestry Rp. 2959. Aquaculture Rp. 27410. Coastal community activities Rp. 12811. Mining Rp. 116 Total Rp. 36,568

Economic Value of Coastal and Marine Activities, 1988 (Rp. Billion)

Source : CIDA/Bappenas (1988)

Contribution to GDP = 22%

Direct employment opportunities= 13.6 millions (CIDA/Bappenas, 1988)

Based on 1990 constant price, marine economic values (11 economic sectors) = Rp. 43,432 billions (24% GDB)

Direct employment opportunities= 16 millions (Robertson Group and PT. Agriconsult, 1992)

Marine Economic Value of Various Countries: a Comparison

Contribution to GDP No. Countries Coast line (km) (%) Value (US $)

1. Korea Selatan 2.713 37 147 bill. (1992)

2. RRC 32.000 48,4 17.352,6 bill. (1999)

3. Indonesia 81.000 22 28 bill (1988)

4. Jepang 34.386 54 21.400 bill. (1992)

Sources : Dutton and Hotta, 1996 and Xin, 1999

South Korea

PRC

Japan

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT GENERATED FROM MARINE AND FISHERIES SECTORS

1010,,632632,,000000TOTALTOTAL1010,,000000Sunken TreasuresSunken Treasures996060,,000000Marine Marine IndustrIndustry Servicesy Services88

11,,200200,,000000Maritime Maritime IndustrIndustryy77240240,,000000TransportationTransportation66

7272,,000000Mining and EnergyMining and Energy5533,,000000,,000000Marine EcoMarine Eco--tourismtourism44

5050,,000000IndustriIndustrialal BioteknologBioteknologyy3322,,100100,,000000AquacultureAquaculture2233,,900900,,000000Capture fisheries (fishermen)Capture fisheries (fishermen)11

EmploymentEmploymentActivitiesActivitiesNoNo

EXPORT POTENTIALContinue to grow :

Increase of world populationConsumer awareness - seafood for health and intellectual quotientGrowth of food, beverage, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries – demand for raw material increasingAnti dumping petition for shrimp by the US against Thailand, China, India, Vietnam, Ecuador and Brazil.

Export Destination :Japan (40%)USA ( 15%) Europe (20%)China (10%)Hongkong (5%)Singapore (5%)Others (5%)

DOMESTIC MARKET1. Fishery Products :

Contribute 60% of total animal protein supplyRaw material for fish meal

2. Total Population (2002): + 220 million

3. Per capita fish consumption (2003) : 24 kg/cap/year

4. Total fish consumption (2002) : 4.8 million tons

• Economic contribution relatively low

• IUU fishing and illegal sea sand mining

• Environmental degradation

• Most of the fishermen and coastal community are living under poverty line (only 25% considered to be prosperous -dualistic economy).

PORTRAY OF THE PAST MARINE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

1. Lack of national appreciation on the strategic and economic role/value of fisheries and marine sector for economic development

2. Minimum attention (budget), vision and lack of technology application

3. Human resource development very limited, lack of infrastructure for development

CONSTRAINT AND PROBLEMS

Increase(% /year)

Development 70,000 763,570 647,952 984,961 1,496,812 1,901,297 28.96

- Rupiah 70,000 96,961 498,700 700,000 1,310,000 1,360,000 136.41- Foreign Aid 666,609 149,252 284,961 186,812 235,827 1,28- Special Budget …… ……. …… …… 305,470

Routine 16,390 81,250 113,620 105,640 119,692 110.46

Total 70,000 779,960 729,202 1,098,581 1,602,452 2,020,989 29.03*)Plan

2002 2003 2004*)Budget 1999 2000 2001

DEVELOPMENT BUDGET 1999 – 2004 (MILLION RUPIAH)

Note: during the 1st long-term development program until the middle of second long-term development program, total credit allocated for fisheries sector only 0,02% from the total allocated credit.

1. JAPAN• Coastal line : 34,000 km• Number of fishing ports : 3,000 • Ratio : 1 fishing port/ 11 km costal line

2. Thailand• Costal line : 2,600 km• Fishing ports : 52 • Ratio : 1 fishing port/ 50 km coastal line

3. Indonesia• Coastal line : 81,000 km• Fishing port : 18 (5 PPS and 13 PPN)• Ratio : 1 fishing port/4,500 km coastal line

FISHING PORTS: JAPAN, THAILAND AND INDONESIA

Marine and fisheries resources as prime

mover of economic development and

national welfare based on social equity

and sustainability

VISION OF MARINE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

1. To improve welfare of fishermen, fish farmers, and other coastal communities

2. To increase the contribution of marine and fisheries sector to sustained economic growth

3. To ensure the sustainability of natural resources and ecosystems

4. To improve health and intellectual quotient of Indonesian people through increased fish consumption

5. To make seas and ocean as national unifying factor

MISSION

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS1) IMPOWERING COASTAL COMMUNITY, FISHERMEN AND FISH

FARMERS

2) IMPROVEMENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH OF MARINE AND FISHERIES SECTOR

3) REHABILITATION AND CONSERVATION OF MARINE AND FISHERIES ECOSYSTEM

4) TO FOSTER ROLE OF OCEAN AS NATIONAL UNITY AND MARITIME CULTURE

5) DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION SYSTEM

6) HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

7) FACILITATION OF REGIONAL AUTONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN MARINE AND FISHERIES SECTOR

8) REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

ACHIEVEMENTS 2000ACHIEVEMENTS 2000--200320031. GDP FISHERIES SECTOR2. FISH PRODUCTION3. EXPORT AND TRADE BALANCE4. FISHERMEN AND FISH FARMERS5. FISHING VESSELS/BOATS6. AQUACULTURE AREA7. FISH CONSUMPTION8. NON TAX REVENUE9. PREVENTION OF ECONOMIC LOSSES10. INCOME OF FISHERMEN AND COASTAL COMMUNITIES

ACHIEVEMENTSACHIEVEMENTSACHIEVEMENTS

BEFORE MMAF 1998 AFTER MMAF 2003

1. CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL INCOME1. CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL INCOME

4 MILLION TON

US $ 1.6 BILLION.

RP 0

RP 25 TRILLION

US $ 4 BILLION

5.95 MILLION TON

US $ 2.0 BILLION

RP 341 BILLION

RP 47 TRILLION

US $ 1 BILLION

FISH PRODUCTION

DEVISA

NON TAX REVENUE

PDB

LOSS DUE TO IUU FISHING

GDP OF FISHERIES AND NATIONAL GDP, 1999 GDP OF FISHERIES AND NATIONAL GDP, 1999 -- 20022002

77.633,3077.633,30

11.890,7011.890,709.066,509.066,507,257,907,257,90

44.591,3044.591,304.826,804.826,80

2003 **)2003 **)

1.610.011,601.610.011,60

46.610,3046.610,3034.808,9034.808,9041.919,5041.919,50

141.137,40141.137,4016.848,9016.848,90

2002 *)2002 *)

1.264.918,701.264.918,70

29.509,7029.509,7027.034,6027.034,6033.744,7033.744,70

112.661,20112.661,2014.947,8014.947,80

20002000

13,5613,561.449.398,101.449.398,101.099.731,601.099.731,60GDP GDP

21,7221,7213,5813,58

5,585,586,396,396,886,88

36.654,8036.654,8030.438,2030.438,2037.491,2037.491,20

126.065,20126.065,2015.648,3015.648,30

25.932,8025.932,8023.761,2023.761,2035.966,5035.966,50

116.222.50116.222.5013.803,8013.803,80

FISHERIESFISHERIESLIVESTOCKLIVESTOCKESTATE CROPSESTATE CROPSFOOD CROPSFOOD CROPSFORESTYFORESTY

Growth Growth (%)(%)

19991999--20022002

2001200119991999SectorSector

UNIT : Rp billion

SOURCE : BPS**) UP TO 1ST QUATER

Contribution of primary fishery product to GDP= 2.9% (2002)= 2.1% (2001)

Comparison Between Output of Fisheries Sector Vs fish Processing Industries

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Year

Percent (%)

Fisheries sector

Fish ProcessingIndustries

Total

2. POLICY/LEGISLATION 2. POLICY/LEGISLATION

NOT CONTROLLED UNDER CONTROLSAND MINING

US $ 1.5/M3 US $ 3.0/M3SAND PRICE

NOT COMPLETED ALMOST COMPLETEDFISHERIES LAW

NOT COMPILED1. UTILIZATION GUIDELINES

2. INVENTORY3. PROFIL

SMALL ISLANDS

BEFORE MMAF 1998

AFTER MMAF 2003

NOT AVAILABLE IN PROGRESSCOASTAL LAW

3. GOVERNMENT COMMITMENT3. GOVERNMENT COMMITMENT

BUDGET

GOVT. COMMITMENT

<RP 70 BILLION

-

- >RP 2 TRILIUN

- DEP. SEA EXPLORATION

- DEKONS

MMAF-RI

EMPOWERING FISHERMEN AND FISH FARMER-

- PEMP

- INBUDKAN

- SPBU 1.260 LOCATION

DGF UNDER MOA

LIMITED SCOPE

BEFORE MMAF 1998

AFTER MMAF 2003

PROJECTED ACHIEVEMENTSPROJECTED ACHIEVEMENTS

PRODUCTION

DEVISA

GDP

NON TAX REVENUE

5.6 MILLION TON

US $ 2,1 BILLION

3% GDP

RP 300 BILLION

9,5 MILLION TON

US $ 5 BILLION

10% GDP

RP 600 BILLION

EMPLOYMENT4,4 MILLION 7,4 MILLION

PRESENT CONDITION TARGET 2006

FISH CONSUMPTION, 2000FISH CONSUMPTION, 2000--20032003

24,6724,67

5.308,685.308,68

20032003

22,4722,47

4.687,644.687,64

20012001

4,614,6122,8422,8421,5721,57PER CAPUTPER CAPUT(kg / Cap / yr)(kg / Cap / yr)

5,655,654.841,554.841,554.506,934.506,93TOTALTOTAL(ton)(ton)

GROWTHGROWTH(%)(%)

2002200220002000

Before Registered Not New PositionRe-registration Registered Licence 4/17/2003

Number of Companies 1,800 1,162 638 733 1,895

T o tal A llo cated F 19,000 7,378 11,622 1,578 9,000

Total fishing Vessel 7,369 4,128 3,241 2,830 6,958 SPI 6,925 3,767 3,158 1,983 5,750 SIKPII 249 219 30 164 383 SIKPPII 68 62 6 19 81 SIKPIA 56 44 12 48 92 SPKPIA 71 36 35 52 88 SIPI 564 564 SIKPPIA 5 5

COMBATING ILLEGAL FISHING

FISHING LICENSE ISSUED 17/04/2003

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS OF

FISHERIES AND MARINE

SECTOR 2004-2009

CAPTURE FISHERIES1. Sustainable and Optimal utilization of fishery

resources:

a. Relocation of fishermen from “overfished”to “underfished” areas

b. Modernization of traditional fishing fleets

c. Revitalization of infrastructures

2. Fostering social welfare of fishermen through provision of productive economic assets including banking facilities, fishermen housing, training and extension.

3. Development of integrated business unit in fishing ports and other landing places

4. Combating IUU fishing practices

5. Combating destructive fishing practicesthrough promotion of “public awareness”, provision of sustainable alternative livelihood and law enforcement

6. Development of Outer Ring Fishing Ports

SIBOLGA

OCEANIC

OCEANIC

OCEANIC

OCEANIC

OCEANIC

OCEANIC

Outer Fishing Port

Outer Fishing Port

Outer Fishing PortOuter Fishing Port

BIAK

TUAL

BITUNG

BAROMBONG

PENGAMBENGAN

JAKARTA

PEMANGKAT

BELAWAN

SABANG

Distribution of Outer Ring Fishing Ports

CILACAP

BUNGUSKENDARI

MERAUKE

BRONDONG

KUPANG

TERNATE

AMBON

NUNUKAN

TL.AWANG

Outer Fishing Port

1. Revitalization of brackish water shrimp

aquaculture

2. Extension program both for black tiger and

vannamae.

3. Intensification Program, Integrated Aquaculture, Rural Aquaculture, Fisheries-Based Aquaculture, and Green Aquaculture Production

AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

4. Diversification of freshwater, brackish water and mariculture

5. Development of high quality low priced and environmentally friendly feeds

6. Selective Breeding for shrimp, grouper, seaweed, tilapia to produce SPF fries;

7. Biosecurity8. Development of GIS

1. Revitalization of canning industry, fish meal,

cold storage, etc. to promote high efficiency

and competitiveness

2. Product development and diversification .

3. Development of hygienic fish markets

4. Improvement of transportation and

distribution system including development

of cool-chain system

FISH PROCESSING AND MARKETING

5. Promotion of fish consumption

6. Development of raiser for ornamental fishes

7. Board of commodities : shrimp, tuna, seaweed, pearl, etc.

8. Promote export of fish and fishery products

Conti……..

BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY

1. Sleeping drugs from sea horse

2. Industrial salt (99% NaCl)

3. Tetrodotoxin from puffer fish

4. Chitosan from crab shell as anti-cholesterol

5. Chitin from shrimp waste

6. Etc.

SMALL ISLANDS DEVELOPMENT

1. Bonds, colateral fee, and

environmental insurance;

2. Enforcement of procedure for

environmental analysis

TOOLS TO FACILITATE ECOLOLOGICAL

SUSTAINABILITY OF SMALL ISLANDS

DEVELOPMENT:

SUNKEN TREASURESUtilization of sunken treasures needs a thorough research and exploration with high costThreats of illegal and irresponsible treasure hunters

1. Formulation of legal procedures for exploration and utilization of sunken treasures

2. Formulation of directives and guidelines for the exploration and utilization of sunken treasures

3. Environmental impacts

4. Exploration permit has to be very selective

5. Involvement of government

6. Profit sharing (win-win solution)

7. Bank guarantee

8. Involvement of local community

NON-CONVENTIONAL MARINE RESOURCES

Current policy:

1. Development of deep sea and high searesources

2. Development of mineral resources in the coastal, territorial sea, EEZ and open seas

3. Development of OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion)

4. Development of marine information system

NATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR MARINE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT (GERBANG

MINA BAHARI)

1. THEME : “FOSTERING THE GROWTH OF MARINE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT TO ENHANCE NATIONAL WELFARE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS”

2. GOAL :1. To improve the welfare of fishermen, fish farmers

and coastal communities2. To improve foreign exchange earnings and PDB3. Create more employment opportunities4. To improve per capita fish consumption and

provision of raw material for processing industry5. Maintain sustainable ecosystem.

6565

1. FISH PRODUCTION : 8 million ton

2. DEVISA : US $ 3 billion

3. CONTRIBUTION TO GDP : 5 %

4. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTINY : 6.6 million

5. PER CAPITA FISH CONSUMPTION : 25 kg

6. SEA TRANSPORTATION : US $ 10 billion

7. MARINE ECO-TOURISM : US $ 1.5 billion

SCENARIO WITHOUT GMB (BUSINESS AS USUAL) 2006

TARGET

1. FISH PRODUCTION : 9.5 million ton

2. DEVISA : US $ 5 billion

3. CONTRIBUTION TO GDP : 10 %

4. EMPLOYMENT : 7.4 million

5. FISH CONSUMPTION : 30 kg

6. SEA TRANSPORTATION : US $ 10 billion

7. MARINE ECO-TOURISM : US $ 5 billion

SCENARIO WITH GMB (2006)

TARGET

PREREQUISITES-INDONESIAN FISHERIES INCORPORATED

-FROM “SOFT STATE” TO “HARD STATE”

(Gunar Myrdal, 1968)