Surviving Hard Surviving Hard TimesTimes

Franklin Roosevelt’s First Franklin Roosevelt’s First Inaugural Address Inaugural Address

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882 –Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882 –1945) served as the 32nd President 1945) served as the 32nd President of the United States and was elected of the United States and was elected to four terms in office. to four terms in office.

He served from 1933-1945, and is He served from 1933-1945, and is the only President to serve more than the only President to serve more than two terms. two terms.

During the Great Depression of the During the Great Depression of the 1930s, Roosevelt created the New 1930s, Roosevelt created the New Deal to provide relief for the Deal to provide relief for the unemployed, recovery of the unemployed, recovery of the economy, and reform of the economy, and reform of the economic system. economic system.

His most famous legacies include the His most famous legacies include the Social Security system and the Social Security system and the regulation of Wall Street.regulation of Wall Street.

His aggressive use of an active His aggressive use of an active federal government reenergized the federal government reenergized the Democratic party. Roosevelt built the Democratic party. Roosevelt built the New Deal coalition that dominated New Deal coalition that dominated politics into the 1960s. politics into the 1960s.

Roosevelt's administration redefined Roosevelt's administration redefined liberalism for subsequent liberalism for subsequent generations and realigned the generations and realigned the Democratic Party based his the New Democratic Party based his the New DealDeal

The Federal Writers The Federal Writers ProjectProject

The Federal Writers Project The Federal Writers Project (FWP) was one part of the (FWP) was one part of the New New Deal for the ArtsDeal for the Arts or or Federal Federal Project No. 1Project No. 1 that: that: funded written workfunded written work supported writers, editors, supported writers, editors,

historians, and researchershistorians, and researchers The FWP produced the The FWP produced the

American Guide Series that American Guide Series that detailed the histories and detailed the histories and described the towns and cities described the towns and cities of each state, as well as the of each state, as well as the Alaskan Territory, Puerto Rico, Alaskan Territory, Puerto Rico, and Washington D.C.. and Washington D.C..

The FWP also created a The FWP also created a collection of oral histories collection of oral histories taken from people of every taken from people of every strata of American life, known strata of American life, known collectively as collectively as American Life American Life HistoriesHistories. .

The Federal Music The Federal Music Project Project The Federal Music Project (FMP) The Federal Music Project (FMP)

was one part of the was one part of the New Deal for the New Deal for the ArtsArts or or Federal Project No. 1Federal Project No. 1 that that fundedfunded:: musiciansmusicians conductorsconductors composers. composers.

The FMP organized the Composers The FMP organized the Composers Forum Laboratory, created Forum Laboratory, created orchestras, and, among other things, orchestras, and, among other things, began research in American began research in American ethnomusicology.ethnomusicology.

Zora Neale Hurston, one of the more Zora Neale Hurston, one of the more prolific writers of the FWP was prolific writers of the FWP was involved with the FMP involved with the FMP ethnomusicology.ethnomusicology.

She looked at negro culture in the She looked at negro culture in the south and collected numerous work south and collected numerous work songs and spirituals. songs and spirituals.

She recorded many of these songs, She recorded many of these songs, along with her explanation of their along with her explanation of their history and development. history and development.

Federal Theater ProjectFederal Theater Project The Federal Theater Project The Federal Theater Project

(FTP) was one part of the (FTP) was one part of the New New Deal for the ArtsDeal for the Arts or or Federal Federal Project No. 1Project No. 1 that funded: that funded: theater artiststheater artists PlaywrightsPlaywrights producers. producers.

The program brought The program brought affordable entertainment to affordable entertainment to the masses. the masses.

The FTP produced a number of The FTP produced a number of mainstream productions, such mainstream productions, such as Malone's as Malone's Dr. FaustusDr. Faustus and and Shakespeare's Shakespeare's MacbethMacbeth. .

However, it also developed the However, it also developed the Living NewspaperLiving Newspaper. This new . This new style of theater that presented style of theater that presented documentaries on documentaries on contemporary social issues. contemporary social issues.

The Federal Art Project The Federal Art Project The Federal Art Project (FAP) The Federal Art Project (FAP)

was one part of the was one part of the New Deal New Deal for the Artsfor the Arts or or Federal Project Federal Project No. 1No. 1 that funded artists around that funded artists around the country.the country.

FAP artists primarily produced FAP artists primarily produced paintings and murals, but also paintings and murals, but also worked as researchers and worked as researchers and teachers. teachers.

FAP works were quickly seen all FAP works were quickly seen all across the country in city halls, across the country in city halls, post offices, and school post offices, and school buildings. buildings.

One of the most prolific artists One of the most prolific artists funded by the project was funded by the project was Jackson Pollock, whose work Jackson Pollock, whose work during the Depression Era was during the Depression Era was much more representative than much more representative than his later work. his later work.

Pollock did not employ the same technique as the majority of FAP artists and was expressly more abstract than the mainstream. This selection is entitled Male and Female.

The Documentary Impulse: The Documentary Impulse: The Photograph The Photograph

Throughout the 1930's many Throughout the 1930's many artists, novelists, journalists, artists, novelists, journalists, photographers and photographers and filmmakers attempted to filmmakers attempted to document the unique situation document the unique situation of the American people during of the American people during such a hard times. such a hard times.

This "Documentary Impulse" This "Documentary Impulse" became a popular method of became a popular method of expression, most commonly expression, most commonly done with the photograph. done with the photograph.

Roy Stryker, Dorothea Lange, Roy Stryker, Dorothea Lange, Walker Evans, Arthur Walker Evans, Arthur Rothstein, and Marion Post Rothstein, and Marion Post Wolcott were prominent Wolcott were prominent photographers who photographers who contributed to a significant contributed to a significant visual record of the Great visual record of the Great Depression. Depression. This well known photograph

was taken by Dorothea Lange.

The Marx BrothersThe Marx Brothers The Marx Brothers were born The Marx Brothers were born

in New York City, the sons of in New York City, the sons of German Jewish ImmigrantsGerman Jewish Immigrants

They got their start as a They got their start as a comedy troupe on the comedy troupe on the Vaudeville stage and created Vaudeville stage and created an empire of films and an empire of films and television programs. television programs.

Chico (Leonard), Harpo Chico (Leonard), Harpo (Adolph), Groucho, (Julius), (Adolph), Groucho, (Julius), Zeppo (Herbert), and Gummo Zeppo (Herbert), and Gummo (Milton) began a variety act (Milton) began a variety act and accidentally stumbled and accidentally stumbled into comedy while performing into comedy while performing in Texas. in Texas.

Gummo left the group before Gummo left the group before they began making movies they began making movies because he did not enjoy because he did not enjoy performance, thus the Four performance, thus the Four Marx Brothers became world Marx Brothers became world famous. famous.

RadioRadio The proliferation of radio, The proliferation of radio,

used primarily by the military used primarily by the military until 1920, affected American until 1920, affected American culture as profoundly as the culture as profoundly as the movies. movies.

After war-time restrictions on After war-time restrictions on civilian radio use were lifted, civilian radio use were lifted, amateurs began amateurs began experimenting with experimenting with broadcasting. broadcasting.

As the popularity of radio As the popularity of radio expanded, advertisers began expanded, advertisers began sponsoring radio shows to sponsoring radio shows to appeal to consumers.appeal to consumers.

Programs such as variety Programs such as variety shows, shows, Amos and AndyAmos and Andy, sports , sports broadcasts, and regionally broadcasts, and regionally isolated music like jazz and isolated music like jazz and country-western were heard country-western were heard nationwide. nationwide.

By the end of the decade, 40% By the end of the decade, 40% of homes had radio receivers. of homes had radio receivers.

The Grapes of WrathThe Grapes of Wrath The Documentary Impulse The Documentary Impulse

extended beyond extended beyond photographs and into the photographs and into the written word. written word.

The The Grapes of WrathGrapes of Wrath by John by John Steinbeck, published in Steinbeck, published in 1939, was one of the most 1939, was one of the most influential books of the influential books of the Great Depression. Great Depression.

It follows the story of Tom It follows the story of Tom Joad, who returns from Joad, who returns from prison to Oklahoma in the prison to Oklahoma in the midst of the Depression to midst of the Depression to find his homeland destitute find his homeland destitute and his family on the road to and his family on the road to California to find work. California to find work.

The novel details their The novel details their miserable journey across the miserable journey across the country and the hardships country and the hardships they endure. they endure.

Gone With the WindGone With the Wind Gone With the WindGone With the Wind was was

published in 1936 by published in 1936 by Margaret MitchellMargaret Mitchell

It was made into a film It was made into a film in 1939 starring Vivian in 1939 starring Vivian Leigh and Clark Gabel. Leigh and Clark Gabel.

The story is epic; The story is epic; following the life of a following the life of a rebellious young woman rebellious young woman from Georgia named from Georgia named Scarlett O'Hara through Scarlett O'Hara through her experience in the her experience in the South, the Civil War, South, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. and Reconstruction.

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