survive disasters
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A L I V E ,
W E S H A L L T R Y P R O B L E M S O L V I N G
SURVIVE FROM A DISASTER
Earthquake.
Tornado.
Hurricane.
Flood.
Fire.
2
In 1948, all the worlds governments made a firm
commitment in the form of Article 3 of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights to
safeguard all peoples rights to life and security.
But for human rights to have meaning, it is not
enough for them simply to exist. In the aftermath
of conflicts and disasters, affected communities
are all too often left without the assistance
required to save life and protect livelihoods.
3
Geneva: India ranks second in the world for
natural disasters after China, a top UN official
has said. It was underlined that
unplanned urbanization and
failure to address the issue of climate change
pose a grave threat worldwide.
The two rapidly growing countries in the world, China
and India, rank first and second in the number of
reported natural disasters. While China witnessed 22
natural disasters, India came second with 16.
4
A disaster is "a situation or
event which overwhelms
local capacity, necessitating
a request to a national or
international level of external
assistance" and "an
unforeseen and often
sudden event that causes
great damage, destruction
and human suffering."
NATURAL DISASTERS:
PREPARE, MITIGATE, MANAGE
Disaster preparedness includes all of the activities
that are carried out prior to the advance notice of a
catastrophe in order to facilitate the use of available
resources, relief, and rehabilitation in the best
possible fashion.
Disaster preparedness starts at the local community
level; if local resources were insufficient, it would
branch out to the national level, and if needed, the
international level. 5
Many governments fail to cope with threats like
storms, floods and earthquakes.
They fail to act
effectively enough in response to these events,
or
to take preventative action to reduce
unnecessary deaths and suffering. A GOVT. CAN BE CHANGED ONCE IN 5 YEARS ONLY!
6
Discuss the types of disasters that are most likely to
happen to U. Explain what to do in each case to your
own group.
7
New Initiatives Taken By Government of India
1. National Disaster Management Framework
2. Home Secretary Letter to All Chief Secretaries 18.12.2002
3. Home Secretary Letter to All Chief Secretaries 26.05.2003
4. Deputy Prime Minister Letter to All Chief Ministers
29.07.2003
5. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CAPACITY BUILDING OF
ENGINEERS IN EARTHQUAKE RISK MANAGEMENT
6. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CAPACITY BUILDING OF
ARCHITECTES IN EARTHQUAKE RISK MANAGEMENT
7. 38 CITIES "URBAN EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY
REDUCTION PROJECT"
8
The Northridge earthquake occurred on Jan. 17, 1994, in
Reseda, a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, Calif.,
and lasted for about 10-20 seconds.
The quake resulted in more than 60 deaths and more
than 5,000 injuries. More than 25,000 people were left
homeless, according to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency.
In addition, the earthquake caused an estimated $25
billion in damage, making it one of the costliest natural
disasters in the U.S. history.
9
The Great Hanshin earthquake, or Kobe earthquake,
occurred on Jan. 17, 1995, in the southern part of Hyogo
Prefecture, Japan. The focus of the quake was located
16 km (10 miles) beneath its epicenter, 20 km (12 miles)
away from the city of Kobe. Measured at 6.8 magnitude,
the earthquake killed nearly 6,500 people, making it the
deadliest disaster in the world that year.
The Kobe quake caused about $100 billion in destruction,
but Japanese trade rebounded within a year, with
imports recovering fully and exports back to 85 percent
of normal levels.
10
Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
was one of the worst disasters in the U.S. history. It
made landfall along the Gulf Coast on Aug. 25, 2005.
At least 1,836 people died in the hurricane and in the
subsequent floods. Five years later, thousands of
displaced residents in Mississippi and Louisiana were still
living in temporary accommodations.
The total damage from Katrina is estimated at $81
billion (2005 U.S. dollars). It also generated the largest
single loss in the history of insurance - $41 billion,
according to the Insurance Information Institute.
11
The May 12, 2008, Sichuan earthquake was a
deadly earthquake that measured at 8.0
magnitude. The quake killed about 70,000
people and left more than 18,000 missing. The
epicenter was 80 km (50 miles) west-northwest
of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province,
where almost 4 million people resided.
Estimates put direct damage and losses from
the earthquake at $29 billion, with indirect
damage much higher.
LOSS OF PEOPLE & $
12
About 373 natural disasters killed over 296,800
people in 2010.
The estimated costs of natural disasters in 2010,
in which an earthquake in Haiti killed over
222,500 people and the Russian heat wave
caused around 56,000 fatalities, is around $ 110
billion.
13
Other than the Haiti earthquake and the heat
wave in Russia, other major disasters include the
earthquake in China (estimate number of
deaths 2,968), floods in Pakistan (1985 deaths),
landslides in China (1765 people killed) and
floods in China.
Floods, drought, earthquake, and extreme
temperatures are the major sources for rising
wave natural disasters.
14
White smokes rises from burning
houses in Yamadamachi in
Iwate Prefecture, northern Japan,
Saturday, March 12, 2011, one day
after a strong earthquake triggered a devastating
tsunami in the area. (AP Photo/Kenji Shimizu, The
Yomiuri Shimbun) The aftermath of the March 11
earthquake and tsunami in Japan has been
devastating. Meanwhile, the government struggled to
contain a nuclear crisis, which added to the country's
disaster.
15
So far, 8,649 people dead and another 13,262 missing
since the 9.0-magnitude quake struck off the coast near
Sendai, Japan, on March 11, 2011. The damage caused
by the earthquake and resulting tsunami was enormous.
Failure of the cooling system at the Fukushima Nuclear
Power Plant intensified the situation, resulting in
evacuation of about 200,000 people residing around the
plant.
Japan's government had a estimate of $309 billion.
Estimate could go higher as it does not include losses in
economic activity from planned power outages.
16
Indeed, the very actions of
some governments and their
national elites
place marginalised people at risk from disasters by
discriminating against them, like those who live in
flimsy slum housing easily destroyed by floods and
landslips.
We didnt ask them to be there. God help them.
Meet your family and discuss why you need
to prepare for disaster. Explain the dangers of
fire, severe weather, and earthquakes to
children. Plan to share responsibilities and work together as a team.
17
Disaster mitigation
It is the ongoing effort to lessen the impact
disasters have on people and property.
Fewer people and communities would be
affected by natural disasters with the use of this
process.
Because of the varying degree of each natural
disaster, there are different mitigation strategies
for each.
Even in daunting economic times, the world can
afford to meet the humanitarian needs of every
person struggling to survive a disaster.
It is possible to reduce the threats from climate-
related catastrophes.
It is possible for governments to provide good-
quality aid to their citizens. The governments of
developing countries must take greater
responsibility for responding to disasters and
reducing peoples vulnerability to them. 18
NATIONAL POLICY ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT (NPDM)
INDIA
India is vulnerable, in varying degrees, to a large
number of natural as well as man-made
disasters. 58.6 per cent of the landmass is prone
to earthquakes of moderate to very high
intensity; over 40 million hectares (12 per cent of
land) is prone to floods and river erosion; of the
7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700 km is
prone to cyclones and tsunamis; 68 per cent of
the cultivable area is vulnerable to drought and
hilly areas are at risk from landslides and
avalanches. 19
NATIONAL POLICY ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT(NPDM)
Heightened vulnerabilities to disaster risks_ related to
expanding population, urbanization and industrialization,
dev