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TRANSCRIPT
Doc. 13
SURVEY OF COST OF PRODUCTION
OF RAW COTTON
NOVEMBER 1975
34th Plenary Meeting of the
International Cotton Advisory Committee
Abidjan, Ivory Coast
THIS DOCUMENT AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH ONLY
SURVEY OF COST OF PRODUCTION OF RAW COTTON
Introduction
During the past three years, and since the ICAC's last survey on cotton production cost in 1972, the cost of pro-ducing cotton has significantly increased. In the after-math of the energy crisis of 1973, inflation rates and consequently the cost of most agricultural inputs, notably fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals, have been well above their earlier levels.
This document updates the ICAC's Document 13 of the 31st Plenary Meeting (Survey of Cost of Production of Raw Cotton) and is based on replies to a questionnaire which was sent out by the Secretariat to cotton producing countries.
The Secretariat acknowledges with appreciation the co-operation of the various member and non-member countries which made this survey possible.
Replies to the questionnaire received from the following countries:
Page
Angola ............... 1
Australia ............... 2 & 3
Colombia ............... 4 & 5
Ecuador ............... 6 Egypt ............... 7
El Salvador .............. 8 Greece ............... 9 Honduras ............... 10
India ............... 11, 12 & 13
Iran ............... 14
Israel ............... 15
Italy ............... 16
Ivory Coast ............. 17
Kenya ............... 18
Malawi ............... 19 Mexico ............... 20, 21 & 22
Morocco ............... 23 Nicaragua ............... 24 Pakistan ............... 25 Paraguay ............... 26 Spain ............... 27 Sudan ............... 28 Syria ............... 29 Turkey ............... 30 & 31
United States ............. 32, 33, 34 & 35
Upper Volta ............. 36
CountryANGOLA
Crop year 1974/75
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
In major producing zones
National Average Average average producer ii producer j
600 1,750
US $ per hectare
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . (Seed cotton)
On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify)
TOTAL COSTS ......
1/ Semi-arid zone. 2/ Sub-humid zone.
73.30 135.50 113.30 143.96
5.00 4.00
58.28 85.92
249.88 369.38
54.00 104.00
54.00 104.00
7.20 28.00 18.24 53.20
25.44 81.20
87.32 128.48
10.53 21.54
427. 17 704.60
Country AUSTRALIA
Crop year 1973/74
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Z
In major producing zones 1/
National Average Above average average producer producer
1,057
US$perhectare
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
Onfarmdirectcosts
Preharvesting Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Offfarmdirectcosts
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overheadcosts:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify)
140.00 220.00 16.00 27.00 27. 00
140- 00 20.00 48.00 8.00
646.00
93.00 77.00
170.00
16.00 140.00
156.00
972-00
97.00
TOTAL COSTS ...... 1,069.00
1/ In the State of New South Wales
3
Country AUSTRALIA
Crop year 1973/74
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Item In major producing zones LI National Average Above average average I producer I producer
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
Onfarmdirectcosts
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify) Fuel
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment; ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify) Fuel
Subtotal .........
Offfarmdirectcosts
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Storage,marketing administrationatginnery
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overheadcosts:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Insurance
Rates Sundry Depreciation
TOTAL COSTS.
1/ In the State of Queensland
I 1,000 I 1,300
US$perhectare
17.00 50.00 8.00
23.00 13.00
112.00 7.00
33.00 33.00 17.00
313.00
10.00 28.00
5.00
43.00
32.00 178.00
154.00 364.00
720.00
100.00
14.00 14.00 8.00
204.00 1. 060.00
In major producing zones
Average Above average producer producer
1,500 1,800
US $ per hectare
6.33 6.33 47.16 66.66 23.33 23.33
193.50 193.50
2.00 16.66 32.63 32.63 20.66 20.66 40.63 40.63
366.24 400.40
4
Country Colombia
Crop year 1974/75
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton 1/
Item National average
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . • • 1,650
On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: - - Power and equipment --
6.33
Labor ................
56. 91 23.33
Fertilizer ............ Herbicides ............ Insecticides and fungicides 193.50
Seed ................
Defoliants and other chemicals 9• 33
Custom or contract work . . . 32. 63 Other (specify) Stalk destruction 20.66 Land preparation - interest 40.63
383.32
Harvesting:
Irrigation .............
60.53
Subtotal ..........
Power and equipment -- Custom or contract work . . - Other (specify) --
60.53
Labor ..............
Off farm direct costs
Subtotal ...........
11.83 Ginning (including bagging and ties) 30.26 Other (specify) Loans, insurance.
unions 18.33 60. 42
Total direct costs ........
Transportation to gin ..........
Overhead costs:
Subtotal ...........
Management and administration . . 20.43 Land cost (typical rental value) . . 57.33 Other (specify) Technical assistance
interest 61.20
643.23 TOTAL COSTS .......
60.53 60.53
60.53 60.53
11.83 11.83 30.26 30.26
18.33 18.33 60.42 60.42
20.43 20.43 48.00 66.66
61.20 61.20
616.82 669.64
1/ Data is for coastal crop - however, interior crop cost is comparable to "Above average producer".
Based on reply received March 1975.
CountryColombia
Crop year 1974/75
5
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
On farm direct costs
Preharves ting Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work . Other (specify) Roads, fences.
drainage Subtotal .........
Harvesting Labor ............ Power and equipment * Custom or contract work Other (specify) Bagging and ties
Subtotal ......... (*On farm transportation)
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Technical assistance, Unions, insurance, interest, etc.
TOTAL COSTS ......
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
In major producing zones
National Average Above average average producer A..! producer
1.419
US $ per hectare
5.00 108.67
6.50 55.00 18.47
116.80
33.67
6.00 350.11
60. 13 13.33
8.33
81.79
7.67 25.08
32.75
464.65
16.67 66.67
41.34
589.33
1/ Coastal region, including Meta. Based on reply received June 1975,
Country Ecuador
Crop year 1974
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Item
Direct costs: Labor ........ Seed ........ Fertilizer ...... Herbicides Insecticides ..... Machinery - insecticide application soil preparation .
Transport and materials (bags) .
Indirect costs .....
Irrigated
289.00 8.00
98.00
119.00
56.00
1Z.00
114.00
Non-irrigated
US $ per hectare
269.00 8.00
98.00 24.00
119.00
39.00 40.00
12. 00
119.00
728. 00 TOTAL COSTS . . . I 696.00
7
Country Egypt
Crop year 1973/74
Item Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
US $ per hectare
Workers wages and equipment . . 194.2 5. 9
Fertilizer ............. 72.9 . Planting seed ............
157. 8
Rents ............ 9 Pesticides ............. 60.
Ginning fee and relevant transport . 42.2 Management and other expenses . 12. 1
TOTAL COSTS 546.0
Above costs may be distributed in accordance with the type of agricul- tural procedure, as follow:
30. 4 Planting seed and relevant procedure 12.1
..
Land taxes after sowing, including irrigation, fertilizer, etc. . . . 1 .39. 3
Soil preparation ........... .
Pesticides and pest control . . . 79.1 Picking and soil cleaning . . . 6o.8
157.9 Ginning and relevant transport . . . 42.2 Rents ............. .
Management and other expenses . 24. 2
TOTAL COSTS 546.0
8
Country EL SALVADOR
Crop year 1974/75
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Item In major producing zones
National Average Above average average producer producer
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . .
US $ per hectare On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: 96. 47 96.47 96.47
Power and equipment . . . 142.33 113.86 170.80 5. 14 5. 14 5.14
122.28 97.82 146.75 - - -- --
Insecticides and fungicides . 313.08 250.05 375.70 Defoliants and other chemicals - - - - - -
-- - - - - Custom or contract work . . -- -- -- Other (specify) Stalk destruction 5.70 5.70 5.70
685.00 569.04 800.56
Harvesting: 91.98 73.58 110.38
Power and equipment .....
Labor ..............
Custom or contract work . Other (specify) Crop super- 9.97 7.98 11.96
vision 101.95 81.56 122.34
Seed ................ Fertilizer .............. Herbicides ...............
Off farm direct costs
Irrigation .............
in 20. 00 16.00 24.00 Ginning (including and ties) 38.50 30.80 46.20
Subtotal .............
Other (specify)
58. 50 46.80 70.20
Labor .................
Subtotal .............
Total direct costs ........
Transportation to gin ............
Overhead costs:
Subtotal .............
Management and administration . . 71.52 71.52 71.52 Land cost (typical rental value) . . 100. 00 100.00 100.00 Other (specify) Interest on cost before and after harvest 47.22
1, 064. 19
39.04
907.96
55.37
1, 219.99 TOTAL COSTS .......
CountryGREECE
Crop year 1974
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Item In major producing zones
Average Above average National average producer producer
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . 2,500
(Seed cotton) US $ per hectare
On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: 221.80
Power and equipment . . . 145.55 Labor .............
70 36.20
Seed .............24.
21.30 Fertilizer ............
Insecticides and fungicides . 22.30
.
Herbicides ............
Defoliants and other chemicals -- Irrigation ......... 151. 70 Custom or contract work . . . --
Other (specify)
..
623. 55
Harvesting: 333.30
Power and eent quipm 42.00 Custom or contract work . Other (specify) Transportation
Labor .............
of workers 50.00 425.30
Subtotal ...........
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify)
Subtotal ..........
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) . . 266.70 Other (specify) Local tax 35.00
Interest on operating capital 27.30 22.30 2% harvesting and preharvesting costs
TOTAL COSTS ....... 1,400. 15
10
Country HONDURAS
Crop year 1974/75
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
In major producing zones
National Average Above average average producer producer
1,945
US $ per hectare On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify) Stalk destruction Sacks and hemp cord for picking
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work . Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify)
TOTAL COSTS ......
50.71 71.42 8.57
85.71
142.85
58.56 7.14 9.99
434.95
84.28
84.28
42.85 72.85
115.70
53.56
42.85
731.34
11
Country INDIA
Crop year 1973/74
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Item Irrigated Rairifed Rainfed
MCU-5 H-.4 Laxmi
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . . . 2,282 1,096 I 340 _ (Seed cotton)
US $perhectare Onfarmdirectcosts
Preharves ting: 163.18 34.08 30.85
Power and equipment . . . - - - - - - 2.97 28.79 5.42
12 9. 62 51.90 10.97 Seed ................. Fertilizer .............
- - - - - - Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals
20.78 5.16
2.97 -- --
Labor ...............
Custom or contract work . . -- -- -- Other (specify)
.
446.30 135.75 52.40
Irrigation ...........
Subtotal .........
Harvesting:
Herbicides ............147.56
34.86 20.66 9.04 Power and equipment - - - - - - Custom or contract work . . -- -- -- Other (specify)
..
34.86 20.66 9.04
Labor ..............
Off farm direct costs
5. 68 1.81 . 77 Transportation to gin .........Ginning (including bagging and ties) 58.09 30.98 8.39
Subtotal ...........
Other (specify)
63.77 32.79 9.16
544. 93 189. 00 70. 60
Subtotal ..........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration N. A. N. A. N. A.
Total direct costs ..........
Land cost (typical rental value) - - - - - - Other (specify) Landrevenue, 1.42 .64 .64 Interestonfixedandoperational 77. 07 25.43 11. 10 capital
TOTAL COSTS ....... 623.42 215.07 82.34
Note: Though there are different producing zones, currently no zone-wide cost assessment has been undertaken. The report from the comprehensive cost study schemes, being implemented during the current year,is expected only during the ensuing years.
12 Country India
Crop year 1973/74
Average cost of cultivation of cotton
Item Maharashtra - Rainfed
L.147 MCU-5 H-4
Yield - (kg. /ha.) 547 848 1, 096 seed cotton
Uss Labour 33.69 39.50 52.41
Seed 2.32 2.84 28.79
Manure 13.68 22.98 23.37
Fertilizer 7.75 34.08 28.53
Pesticides 7.62 19.24 20.78
Irrigation - - - - -
Land revenue • • 65 • 65 .65
Interest on operational and fixed capital . 10.72 19.62 25.43
Marketing .77 1.42 1.81
TOTAL COSTS . 77.20 140.33 181.77
Average cost of cultivation of cotton
Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Karnataka
Irrigated MCU-5
Rainfed Hampi
Rainfed Jayadhar
2,282 329 348
198.04
2.97
46.22
83.40
147.56
2.97
1.42
US$ 28.01
5.42
5.80
9.30
5.03
2.58
38.34
2.45
10.72
9.68
10.72
77
Country India
Crop year1973/74
13
Item
Yield - (kg. /ha.) seed cotton
Labour ......
Seed
Manure
Fertilizer .
Pesticides . .
Irrigation . .
Land revenue
Interest on operational and fixed capital.
Marketing . .
TOTAL COSTS
77.07
9.17
11.88
5.68
65
90
565.33
65.96
85.46
104.47
119,40
149.25
7.46 22.44 8.95
38.85
432.86
22.38 119,40
574.64
8.95 33.00 8.95
50.90
474.76
29.85 119.40
624.01
11.19 49.50 10.40
71.09
614.34
29.85
119.40
Country IRAN
Crop year 1974/75
14
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
In major producing zones
Average Above average National average producer producer
1,700 2,000 2.500 --3.000
US $ per hectare
141.79 134.32 134.32 22.38 29.85 37.31 5.97 5.97 5.97
29.85 29.85 37,31
44.78 59.70 104.47
44.77 44.77 74.62
289.54 304.46 394.00
104,47 119.40 149,25
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . (Seed cotton)
On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify)
TOTAL COSTS ......
15
CountryISRAEL
Crop year 1974/75
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
In major producing zones
National Average Above average average producer producer
4,000
US $ per hectare On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Insurance
Research Depreciation -irrigation equipment
Marketing TOTAL COSTS
97.00 48.00 7.00
37.00 25.00 50.00 8.00
58.00 32.00
362.00
20.00 65.00
85.00
20.00 80.00
100.00
547.00
50.00 10.00 8.00 4.00
85.00 40.00
744.00
16
Country ITALY
Crop year 1973/74
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
In major producing zones
National Average Above average average producer producer
700
US $ per hectare On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: Labor 101.26 Power and equipment 63.29 Seed 47.47 Fertilizer 99.68 Herbicides 12.66 Insecticides and fungicides - - Defoliants and other chemicals -- Irrigation - - Custom or contract work . . . -- Other (specify) --
Subtotal 324.36
Harvesting: Labor 142.40 Power and equipment -- Custom or contract work . . . -- Other (specify) 5.54
147.94 Subtotal
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin 31.64 Ginning (including bagging and ties) 7.91 Other (specify)
3955 Subtotal
Total direct costs 511.85
Overhead costs:
Management and administration . . 31.64 Land cost (typical rental value) . . 79.11 Other (specify)
622.60 TOTAL COSTS
CountryIVORY COAST
Crop year 1974/75
17
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
On farm direct costs
Preharves ting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify) Shipping
Stalk destruction Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ...... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Purchasing costs
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Supervision
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
In major producing zones
National Average Above average average producer producer
1,000
US $ per hectare
101. 00 5.00 1.00
68.00
70.00
244.00
45.00
5.00 11.00 61.00
24. 00 57.00 7.00
88.00
55.00
TOTAL COSTS ...... I 448.00
18
Country KENYA
Crop year 1974/75
Estimated cost of DroducinL, a hectare of cotton
Item In major producing zones
National
Average Above average average producer producer
Yield used (kilos per hectare) 800
1,000 2,200
On farm direct costs
Preharves ting: 130.85
Power and equipment . 51.82 1.75
Labor ..............
- - 5. 60
Insecticides and fungicides 38. 66 Defoliants and other chemicals 6.86
210. 08 Custom or contract work . . -- Other (specify) Handling charges
Herbicides .............
at 401= per ton Seed Cotton 5.60 451.22
Harvesting: 14.01
Seed ...............
Power and equipment --
Fertilizer ............
Custom or contract work . . - - Other (specify) --
Subtotal .........
Irrigation ...........
Off farm direct costs
--
Subtotal ...........
Ginning (including bagging and ties) 78.91
Labor ..............
Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Transportation to gin .........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration . . 6.80 Land cost (typical rental value) . Other (specify)
TOTAL COSTS ......
US $ per hectare
19
CountryMALAWI
Crop year 1974/75
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
In major producing zones
National Average Above average average producer producer
900 900 2,500
US $ per hectare On farm direct costs
Preharvesting Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify) Knapsack
sprayer Subtotal ..........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Marketing
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify)
17.89
11.87 26.30
2.29
26.49
2.47
6.87
10.36
28.80
22.48
62.49
9.52
26.47
TOTAL COSTS ......
Country Mexico
Crop year 1974
20
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton 1/
Delicias El Fuerte Navojoa C. Obregon Chihuahua Sinaloa Sonora Sonora
Item
Labor .......
Machinery and equipment . .
Seed Fertilizer ..... Herbicides ..... Insecticides and fungicides .....
Defoliantes .....
Ginning and packing
Applications of para-siticides and fertilizer
Water .......
Interest ......
Land
Taxes, etc. .
TOTAL COSTS
US $ per hectare
262.86 I 274.71
77.04
80.91
12.49
12.48
44.96
51.58 3.55
16.97
10.23 6.24
97.32
19.87
22.45
13.46
60.00
28.87
678.12
268.17
82.08
14.31 '9.09
108.28 4.01
82.97
42.29
10.35
22. 24
40.00
78.38
822.17
27.91
18.27
8.46
43.48
57.97
573.96
232.23
60.20
14.58 36.20 3.81
14.04
24.22
15.84
11.50
43.76
31.62
488.00
1/ Gravity irrigated.
71.96
12.24 38.84 11.28
66.93 6.12
163.62
48.74
67.96
17.37
40.00
38.33
843.71
201.54
68.25
11.07 58.04 10.90
55.27
44.85
135.78
16. 77
40.00
39.15
780.70
US $ per hectare
I 260.32
21
Country Mexico (continued)
Crop year 1974
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton 1/ Item Sto. ]Domingo Hermosillo Caborca
Baja California Sonora Sonora
283.31
Machinery and
Labor ........
equipment . . . . 99.00
13.21 Fertilizer 55.94 Herbicides 7.11 Insecticides and
Seed ..........
fungicides . . . . 34.34 Defoliants - Ginning and packing 130.54
Applications of para- siticides andfertilizer 25.76
134.52 Water ........
Interest 17.14
41.38 Land .........
Taxes, etc. . . . . 61.18
TOTAL COSTS. . 903.43
1/ Pump irrigated.
69.87
16.74 49.87
57.06
84.76
72.36
12.68 56.80
82.61
93.30
44.14
11.83 23.45
54.42
66.68
12.41 35.37
1.00
63.98
20. 04
115.44
17.88
40.00
66.65
785.64
30.75
9.09
16.64
40.00
60.96
729.00
6.72
107. 12
13.31
40.00
54.48
516.78
22.07
5.66
16.75
40.00
45.21
571.12
Country Mexico (Continued)
Crop year 1974
22
Item
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Mexicali Comarca Juarez Baja California Laguna Chihuahua
Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation
Pump f Gravity1 Pump [Gravity Pump Gravity
US $ Der hectare
271. 771206.56 1247.33 I 253.811161.31 I 261.99
77.90 67.32
17.73 7.86 38.67 35.68 - 2.60
78. 551 58. 97
93. 901111.03
61.07 55.97
85.35 30.22
16.95 13.59
40.00 40.00
20.62 25.55
802.51 655.35
Labor
Machinery and equipment.
Seed Fertilizer ..... Herbicides ..... Insecticides and
fungicides. Defoliants .....
Ginning and packing
Applications of para-siticides and fertilizer
Water
Interest ......
Land
Taxes, etc.....
TOTAL COSTS
Country MOROCCO
Crop year 1974
23
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
In major producing zones
National Average Above average average producer producer
1,400 1,400 2,000
US$perhectare
75.00 97.50 27.50 27.50 6.00 9.00
37.50 37.50
77.50 87.50
50.00 62.50
273.50 321.50
114.00 160.00
114.00 160.00
4.00 5.00 175.00 250.00
11.00 11.00 62.50 62.50
640.00 810.00
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
Onfarmdirectcosts
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Offfarmdirectcosts
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including in and ties) Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overheadcosts:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify)
TOTAL COSTS ......
CountryNICARAGUA
Crop year 1974/75
Estimated cost of t)roducine a hectare of cotton
Z4
Item National average
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . . . 1,109.41
Onfarmdirectcosts
Preharves ting: 95.70
Power and equipment 56.14 Labor .............177.86
6.57 92. 86
Seed ..............
00 Fertilizer ............ Herbicides ........... 9 Insecticides and fungicides
.
Defoliants and other chemicals -- -- Irrigation ..........
Custom or contract work . . -- Other (specify) Hiredlabour. insecticide appli cation and other costs 51.43
489.56
Harvesting: 107.29
Power and equipment -- Custom or contract work . . . --
Other (specify)
107.29
Subtotal ...........
Offfarmdirectcosts
7. 14
Labor ..............
Ginning (including bagging and ties) 66. 00 Transportation to gin .........
Other (specify) Penalty, transport to
.
port,loadingandclassification 33.57 106. 71
Subtotal ...........
Subtotal ........
Total direct costs ........
Overheadcosts:
Management and administration . .
..
11.29 Land cost (typical rental value) . . 102.29 Other (specify) Tax,bankinterest, andownedcapital 45.57
862.71 TOTAL COSTS .......
In major producing zones
Average Above average producera/ I producer b/
I 1,204.51 I 1,299.60
US$perhectare
89.28 87.85 59.72 61.71 6.57 6.29
98.29 90.71 9.00 14.29
177.86 199.57
47.00 58.58 487.72 519.00
116.57 122.71
116.57 122.71
5.71 7.57 71.71 75.57
37.00 39.43 114.42 122.57
11.43 12.00 107.57 95.29
48.00 48.29
885.71 919.86
a/ Average producer - 50 - 300 manzanas in best area of country. b/ Above average producer - over 300 manzanas in best producing area. Note: 1 hectare = 1.431 manzanas.
Z5
CountryPAKISTAN
Crop year 1974/75
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Item National average
In major producing zones
Average Above average Droducer I producer
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
US $ per hectare On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work . Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Bank interest
15.35 52.78 2.25
28.37
5.26
4.00
108.01
18.23
18.23
2.50 14.48
16.98
13.89 78.63 10.06
TOTAL COSTS ...... 245.80
On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: 38.00
Power and equipment 25.50 6.50 - -
-- Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals --
Labor ...............
-- Custom or contract work . . . -- Other (specify) Stalk destruction 6.00
111.50
Harvesting: 95.00
Power and equipment - - Custom or contract work . . . 3.00
Seed ............... Fertilizer ............35.50 Herbicides .............
Other (specify) --
98. 00
Irrigation ............
Off farm direct costs
in 9. 50
Subtotal ...........
Ginning (including and ties) --
Labor ...............
Other (specify) --
9.50
Subtotal ............
Total direct costs ........
Transportation to gin ..........
Overhead costs:
Subtotal ............
Management and administration . Land cost (typical rental value) . . 6.00 Other (specify) 10% on operating
capital
225.00 TOTAL COSTS .......
US $ per hectare
29.23 19.60 5.00
27.30
4.60
85.73
73.10
2.30
75.40
7.30
7.30
168.43
4.60
16.84
189.87
Z6
CountryPARAGUAY
Crop year 1974/75
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Item National average
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . • 950
In major producing zones
Average Above average oroducer I oroducer
Country SPAIN
Crop year 1974/75
27
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
In major producing zones jj
National Average Above average average producer producer
650 750 1,200
US $ per hectare
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify)
109.00
112.00
120.00
53.00
55.00
65.00
23.00
23.00
23.00
142. 00
148.00
160.00
24.00
24.00
32.00
98.00
102.00
110.00
27. 00
27.00
27.00
174.00
180.00
190.00
650.00
671.00
727. 00
262.00
300.00
420.00
262.00
300.00
420.00
11.00
13.00
16.00
60.00
70.00
90.00
71.00
83.00
106.00
73.00
76.00
83.00
220.00
240.00
280.00
TOTAL COSTS .......1,276.00
1,370.00
1,616.00
1/ Andalucia
Country SUDAN
Crop year 1974/75
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
28
Item National average
In major producing zones 1/
Average Above average oroducer I oroducer
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . 536
US$_ per hectare
On_ farm direct costs
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides (Weeding) ..... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ........ Power and equipment Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Offfarmdirectcosts
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Transport to Port Sudan, sacks, stores, loading and off-loading I Marketing Insurance and auditing
Subtotal ......... Overheadcosts:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Tax Researchandexperiments
TOTAL COSTS ......
21.09 15.26 3.90
20.54 23.97 68.48
14.38
167.62
94.55
2.05
96.60
26.51 27.21
15.06 85
12.07
81.70
35.06 68
25.68 26.24
433.58
1/ Gezira is an average producer. (a) Planting starts in the Gezira Scheme on July 25th. (b) Harvest commences mid January through April.
29
CountrySYRIA
Crop year 1974/75
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
National average
Z.000
In major producing zones
Average Above average producer I producer
On farm direct costs
Preharvesting 157.92
Power and equipment . 180.29 15. 79
140. 29
Herbicides ..........
Seed ...............
Insecticides and fungicides 7.90
Defoliants and other chemicals 39. 48
Fertilizer ............
Custom or contract work Other (specify) Sacks and threads Z6.32
Other 2.63 Subtotal .......... 570.62
Labor ..............
Harvesting: 78.96
Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work .
Irrigation ............
Other (specify) Warehousing 5.26
84.22
Labor ...............
Off farm direct costs
19.74
Subtotal ............
Ginning (including bagging and ties) 37. 77 Other (specify)
57.51
Transportation to gin ..........
712.35
Subtotal ..........
Total direct costs .........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) . . 144.76 Other (specify) Interest on capital 26.32
883. 43 TOTAL COSTS .......
US $ per hectare
Item
CountryTURKEY
Crop year 1974
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Region of In major producing zones
çukurova Average Above average average I producer I producer
30
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: 38.21
Power and equipment . 44.28 9.82
40. 53 --
Labor ...............
Insecticides and fungicides 85. 71 Defoliants and other chemicals --
Fertilizer .............
26. 46
Herbicides .............
Custom or contract work . . . 53.57 Other (specify) 14.28
312.86
Seed ...............
Subtotal ..........
Harvesting 103.71
Power and equipment 28.57 Custom or contract work . . 12.00
Irrigation ............
Other (specify) 21.43
165.71
Off farm direct costs
4.50 Ginning (including bagging and ties) 187. 50
Labor ................
Other (specify)
192.00
Subtotal .............
Total direct costs ........
Transportation to gin .............
Overhead costs:
Subtotal ............
Management and administration . . 88.57 Land cost (typical rental value) . . 178. 57 Other (specify) 77.86
1,015.57 TOTAL COSTS .......
US $ per hectare
31
CountryTURKEY
Crop year 1974
Item
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Region of In major producing zones
Ege Average Above average average producer producer
891
US $ per hectare On farm direct costs
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work . Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify)
Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overhead costs:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify)
69.44 12.50 45.00 22.22 17.50
44.44
131.94
343.04
173.61
17.36
190.97
3.47 59.37 2.62
65.46
599.47
38.65 208.33
73.05
TOTAL COSTS .......919.50
Southeast Average
Above average producer producer •/
453
667
US$perhectare
34.82 30.05 133.48 97.93 15.79 8.10 95.43 84.80 36.03 34.96 81.42 54.02 8.20 6.80 .09 0
10.11 6.72
415.37 323.38
16.38 14.13 57.20' 41.98 22.49 14.92
96.07 71.03
11.96 14.70 63.16 93.03
14.97 11.91 90.09 119.64
601.53 514.05
5.93 6.92 115.69 104.65
38.84 31. 13
761.99 656.75
Country UNITED STATES
Crop year 19 74!!
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
32
Item National average
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . . . 526
Onfarmdirectcosts
Preharves ting: 42. 80
Power and equipment; • 62.07 18.75 43. 39 19. 03
Insecticides and fungicides 23.82
Defoliants and other chemicals 6.18 33. 88
Custom or contract work . 13. 51
Other (specify)
263. 43
Labor ..............
Harvesting: 14.26
Power and equipment 67. 23
Custom or contract work . . 22.04
Seed ............... Fertilizer ............
Other (specify)
103.53
Subtotal ...........
Herbicides .............
Off farm direct costs
Irrigation ...........
11. 29
Labor ...............
Ginning (including bagging and ties) 75. 27
Other (specify) Interest, operating
Subtotal ...........
capital 11.74 98. 30
465. 26
Transportation to gin ..........
Overheadcosts:
Subtotal ..........
Management; and administration 10.87
Total direct costs .........
Land cost (typical rental value) . . 126.81
Other (specify) General farm over- head 3/ 39.04
641. 98 TOTAL COSTS .......
- Footnotes given on pages 34 and 35.
33
UNITED STATES Country (continued)
Crop year 19741/
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
Item Mississippi Delta National Average Above average average I producer I Droducer
Yield used (kilos per hectare) .
US $perhectare Onfarmdirectcosts
Preharvesting: 42.80 43.17 42.43
Power and equipment . . . 62.07 78.45 69.44 18.75 13.94 14.83 43. 39 39.44 36.00 19.03 36.25 34.25
Labor ............. .
Insecticides and fungicides . 23.82 34.40 28. 29
Seed ............. ..
Defoliants and other chemicals 6. 18 7.88 17. 22
Fertilizer ........... .. Herbicides ........... ..
33. 88 .22 0 Custom or contract work . . 13. 51 20.41 29. 65 Other (specify)
263.43 274.16 272.11
Harvesting: 14.26 16.80 16.51
Power and equipment 67. 23 92. 12 81. 52 Custom or contract work . . Z2.04
. 23.97 34.59
Irrigation ............
Other (specify)
103.53 132.89 132.62
Subtotal ...........
Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
11.29 14.26 19.30
Labor ............. .
Ginning (including bagging and ties)
..
75. 27 84.41 114.26 Other (specify) Interest, operating
Transportation to girl ..........
capital 11.74 98.30
11.22 109.89
12.50 146.06
465. 26 516. 94 550. 79
Subtotal ......... ..
Overheadcosts:
Management and administration, . . 10.87 17.72 17.42
Total direct costs .........
Land cost (typical rental value) . . 126.81 124.69 112.36 Other (specify) Generalfarmover- head3/ 39.04
641.98
44.33
703. 68
44.77
725. 34 TOTAL COSTS
US $ perhectare
40.28 36. 15 36.00 28.24 18.80 14.55 23.38 24.09 11.51 7.22
2.40 1.32 1.68 .99
50. 26 26.96 6.03 5.63
190.34 145.15
13.44 12.06 43.98 33. 16 17.20 16.06
74.62 61.28
9.44 14.48 63. 18 96.94
6.20 5.54 78.82 116.96
343.78 323.39
6.65 5.96 109.09 98.07
30.48 23.55
490.00 450.97
UNITED STATES Country (continued)
Crop year 19741/
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
34
Item National average
Southwest Average Above average producer I producer
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . . . 52
On farm direct costs
Preharvestirig: 42.80
Power and equipment 62.07 18.75 43. 39 19.03
Labor ..............
Insecticides and fungicides 23. 82 Defoliants and other chemicals 6. 18
Seed ............... Fertilizer ............ Herbicides .............
33.88 Custom or contract work . . . 13.51 Other (specify)
Subtotal .......... 263.43
Irrigation ...........
Harvesting: 14.26
Power and equipment 67. 23 Labor ..............
Custom or contract work . . . 22.04 Other (specify)
Subtotal .........I 103.53
Off farm direct costs
Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Interest, operating capital
11. 29 75.27
11.74 98. 30
Transportation to gin ...........
465. 26
Subtotal ............
Overhead costs:
Management and administration . . 10.87
Total direct costs ..........
Land cost (typical rental value) . . 126.81 Other (specify) General farm over- head3/ 39.04
641.98 TOTAL COSTS
!I Based on an update of 1966 survey data. 2/ Represents roughly the top 20 percent of producers.
35
UNITED STATES Country (continued)
Crop year 19741/
Estimated cost of DroducinLy a hectare of cotton
Item West
National Average
Above average average producer producer
Yield used (kilos per hectare)
526 972
1,154
Onfarmdirectcosts
Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify)
Subtotal .........
Offfarmdirectcosts
Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Interest,operating
capital Subtotal
Total direct costs ........
Overheadcosts:
Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) General farm over-
head 3/
TOTAL COSTS ......
US$perhectare
42.80 85.08 102.84 62.07 75. 09 80. 95 18.75 11.98 6.45 43.39 37.71 15.38 19.03 10.45 7. 73 23.82 31.85 35.71
6. 18 21.69 21.89 33.88 193.18 169.24 13.51 36.59 7.36
263.43 503.62 447•55
14.26 31.48 38.05 67.23 91.77 98.94 22.04 38. 10 7. 66
103.53 161.35 144.65
11.29 20.43 25.45 75.27 121.60 151.42
11.74 14.68 14.23 98.30 156.71 191. 10
465.26 821.68 783.30
10.87 33. 66 39. 73 126.81 271.66 183.48
39.04 81.89 62.54
641.98 1,208.89 1,069.05
3/ Includes farm real estate and personal property taxes, insurance, repairs on buildings and fences and miscellaneous items such as telephone, electricity, maintenance and drainage ditches and terraces, and use of personal auto for farm business.
In major producing zones 1/
Average 1 Above average producer
J producer
800 1,500
US $ per hectare
66.90 78.87 1.41 1.41
9.63 17.84
7.77 12.68
22.53 42.25
7.04 8.45
3.71 3.71 38.32 71.84 8.11 15.20
17.75 33.29 27.15 50.91
31.71 59.45
242.03 395.90
CountryUPPER VOLTA
Crop year 1974/75
Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton
36
Item National average
Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . 470
(Seed cotton)
On farm direct costs
Preharves ting: 45.07
Power and equipment 94 Labor ..............
- - 4. 46
- - Insecticides and fungicides 4.73
Seed ...............
Defoliants and other chemicals -- - -
Custom or contract work . . . -- Irrigation ..........
Other (specify) - -
Fertilizer ............. Herbicides ............
Subtotal .........
Harvesting: 13.38
Power and equipment -- Custom or contract work . . . -- Other (specify) Labor - stalk destruction and burning 7.04
Subtotal .........
Off farm direct costs
Labor ...............
2. 18 Loan for fertilizer and insecticides 22. 48 Purchase costs seed cotton . . . 4.76
10.43
Loan for seeds ............
15.95 Shipping costs ............ Processing costs ...........
18.63 Overhead costs ............
TOTAL COSTS ....... 150.05
1/ Cotton project West Volta.