survey of britian by zhang haiyan1 1.objectives 1)to help the students get a diachronic overview of...

Survey of Britian by Zhang HaiyanSurvey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan 11

1. Objectives

1) To help the students get a diachronic overview of British history from 1066 to 1500.

2) To enable the students to discover the causes of the social changes of England and how its governmental systems operated.

An outline of British history (1066-1500)

(Session 4)


An outline of British history (1066-1500)(Session 4)

2. Questions for discussion

In which century was British feudal system completely

established? Who established it? Have you ever heard of Magna Carta? What is it?

How is it related to the establishment of the English Parliament? Who is Joan of Arc? What event in English history does she

remind us of? How do you interpret the two terms:

1. Black Death ？2. Wars of the Roses ？


Feudal system

(the hierarchical order of its power)

King (William 1066-1087)

Owned all the land personally

Gave his barons large estates

Barons (tenants-in-chief)

Promised military service to the king.

Gave a proportion of the land produce to the King

Parceled out the land to the lesser nobles

Knights & Freemen

Provided goods and services for the barons

Villeins (unfree peasants)



Feature of the feudal system:

All landowners took the oath of allegiance for the land they held both to their immediate lord and to the king.

Succession

2nd son, William Rufus (1087-1100)

3rd son, Henry I (1100-35)

Henry’s grandson and Stephen co-ruled (1153-54)

(Henry I’s daughter, Matilda, was involved in the wars against her cousin, King Stephen. After a civil war, Stephen got control of the Crown but was forced to accept Matilda’s son, Henry, as joint ruler. Stephen died the following year. )

Henry II (1154-89)




• Henry II (1154-89)

Founder of the Angevin dynasty - the Plantagenet dynasty



• Henry II (1154-89)

Legal reform

--strengthened his Court and Extended its judicial work.

★Established a common law — unwritten & case-based.

★Introduced a 12-men jury system --- replacing the old

English ordeals.

（ its function???)



• Henry II (1154-89)

Church reform. --Reformed abuses in Church government (resulted in his clash with

Thomas Becket)

Canterbury Tales — Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)

Murder in the Cathedral — T.S. Eliot (1888-1965)


• Tomas Becket

--Archbishop of Canterbury

--Chancellor of England

--the King’s chief secretary

* Becket’s tomb — a place of pilgrimage

* Henry’s penance

* Becket’s canonization, 1173.



• Magna Carta and the Parliament

Origin of Magna Carta* Wars between England and France for territories ；* Three great crusades against the Islamic Empire of the Turks for the

possession of the Christian holy city of Jerusalem.

Results* Enormous drain upon financial resources * Confrontation between King John and his barons

Follow-up actions taken by the barons* Presentation of grievances to King John Magna Carta (1215)

Significance (see overleaf)



Significance

1. Foundation of English liberties2. Statement of the feudal and legal relationship

--- Crown and the barons3. Freedom of the Church and Limitation

Founding of Parliament (1265)King JohnSimon de MontfortHenry IIIWestminsterFunction (to p13)



CauseDefy of Magna Carta by King John

EffectRetaliation of the barons (help from Louis of France )

CauseThree things done by Henry III (John's son):1. Filling the most important offices in Church and state with foreign

favourites.2. Undertaking an expensive war with France in 1242, and lost of the

whole 3. Demanding for money in 1258 to enable his son to be crowned King of

Sicily Effect 1. Rebellion of the barons (led by Simon de Montfort, Henry III's

brother-in-law) 2. Henry and his son’s acceptance of the Provisions of Oxford.



Cause Henry’s objection to the Provisions of Oxford.

Effect * Civil War (ended in victory with the king taken as a prisoner) * Establishment of the early Parliament (1265, Simon de Montfort, Westminster (meeting place of the Great council---the Lords and the Commons.

Features and role of the Parliament No elections, no parties.

House of Lords —the most important part of Parliament.Limitation of the king’s power (only to offer advice, not to make Limitation of the king’s power (only to offer advice, not to make decisions).decisions).



The Hundred Year‘s War with France (1337-1453: Edward III ， 1327-77—Richard II, 77-99, Henry VI)

(intermittent) Causes Territorial The English kings possessed the large duchy of Aquitaine. The French kings

wanted this piece of land Economic

The Flemish cloth manufacturing towns were the importers of English wool but

they owed political allegiance to the French king.

Political * England wanted to stop France from giving aid to the Scots & a sense of national consciousness grew in the English. * The French refused to let Edward III claim the French Crown




(intermittent) Main events of the war England won a great naval victory England occupied Calais. England won victory over the French king, took the king as prisoner & gained more French territory Edward III died & lost French territory Henry V renewed the war & won, was recognized to the French throne in 1420

Withdraw of the English (1453) & significance 1422, Joan of Arc Calais





(intermittent)

Significance of the withdrawal

“… had they (the English) remained, the superior size and wealth of France would certainly have hindered the development of a separate English national identity, while French national identity was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory.”

(Yu Zhiyuan(ed.). English-Speaking Countries: A Survey [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1996:39)


The Black Death (1348-49) (Edward III)

Definition an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas

Time 14th century

Impact & Consequence Huge reduction of the population Peasant Uprising （ 1381 ） —Richard II (see overleaf)



Plantagenet Plantagenet （（ AngevinAngevin ）） 1154—13991154—1399金雀花王朝（安茹王朝）金雀花王朝（安茹王朝）

Henry IIHenry II（（ 1133-1181133-118

99 ））

King of EnglandKing of England（（ 1154-1189 1154-1189 ））

Edward IEdward I （（ 1239-1239-13071307 ））

King of EnglandKing of England（（ 1272-13071272-1307 ））

Richard IRichard I（（ 1157-1191157-119

99 ））


Edward IIEdward II（（ 1284-13291284-1329 ））


JohnJohn（（ 1167-1211167-121

66 ））


Edward IIIEdward III（（ 1312-13771312-1377 ））


Henry IIIHenry III（（ 1207-1271207-127

22 ））


Richard IIRichard II（（ 1367-14001367-1400 ））




Causes

Period

People involved

Result

Impact

Ambition of the nobles

Henry VI’s loss of reason

1455-14851455-1485

Two noble families The House of Lancaster The House of York Death of Richard III Union of the two houses through marriage

（ Henry Tudor married Elizabeth of York ）

Death blow on Feudalism Great loss of the lives of the nobles Increase of the king’s power

Wars of the Roses




Assignment

Watch Henry VIII and write a review in your learning log. Comment on the role of Jane Seymour.

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