surface tensions and thermodynamic parameters of surface formation of aqueous salt student: saeed...
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surface tensions and thermodynamic parameters of surface formation of aqueous salt
Student:Saeed jaberzade
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a b s t r a c t
1- Concentration and temperature dependence of the surface tension of chloride, bromide and iodide salts of potassium
2- estimation of surface excess concentration3- thermodynamic quantities of surface formation such as enthalpy and entropy were estimated
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Previous works from this article
• 1- Onsager & Samaras(1934) • 2- Randles & Delahay (1963)• 3- Lu (2001)• 4- Matubayasi & Matsuo(1999)• 5- Johansson &Eriksson (1974)• 6- Ikeda & Aratono (1992)• 7- Literature(2007)
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Experiment
• aim of the study was to apply recently developed approach to aqueous solutions of chloride, bromide and iodide salts of potassium
• measurements of surface tension of aqueous solutions of chloride, bromide and iodide salts of potassium, as a function of concentration and temperature
• The surface tension was determined by the drop method using a stalagmometer
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drop method
stalagmometer
The drop of a mass m gets released when its weight G=mg is equal or greater than the surface force at the end of tube.
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• 1- drop-weight method
• 2- drop counting method
a) 20 water drops into the weighing bottleb) Determine the mass of 20 dropsc) Determine the surface tension d) Repeat steps
m = V × ρTotal mass of release water:
Mass of one drop:
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Concentration dependence of surface tension of KBr solution at different temperatures
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Concentration dependence of surface tension of KI solution at different temperatures
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Concentration dependence of surface tension of KCl solution at different temperatures
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Results and discussion
1-
2-
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Temperature dependence of surface tension of KBr solution at different concentrations
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Temperature dependence of surface tension of KI solution at different concentrations
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Temperature dependence of surface tension of KCl solution at different concentrations
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Results and discussion
Eötvös rule:
Substituting value of V:
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Results and discussion
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Temperature dependence of dγ/dC of KCl, KBr and KI salts solutions.
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heat of hydration of the ions
The heats of hydration of Cl−, Br− and I− have been determined experimentally to be 354.1, 326.9 and 285.9 kJ mol−1
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Concentration dependence of surface excess concentration of KI solutions at different temperatures.
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Temperature dependence of surface excess concentration of KI solutions at different concentrations
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(a) Concentration and (b) temperature dependence of enthalpy of KI solutions at different temperatures and concentrations
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Concentration dependence of entropy of surface formation of KBr solution
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References:1)Surface tensions and thermodynamic parameters of surface formation of aqueous salt solutions: III. Aqueous solution of KCl, KBr and KI Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects Khurshid Ali, Anwar-ul-Haq Ali Shaha, , ∗Salma Bilal, Azhar-ul-Haq Ali Shahb(2009)
4)Surface tension of strong electrolytes Y. Levin1 and J. E. Flores-Mena(2001)
2)The surface tension of liquids measured with the stalagmometer English version prepared by N. Kučerka, PhD.
3) Measurement of the dynamic surface tension by the drop weighing method Colloid & Polymer Sci. 253, 929-936 (1975)
5) Direct experimental validation of the Jones–Ray effectPoul B. Petersen, Justin C. Johnson, Kelly P. Knutsen, Richard J. Saykally Chemical Physics Letters 397 (2004) 46–50
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Thanks for your attention