surface systems wellhead training file (10 puntos)

Wellhead and Gate Valve Training Presentation

RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM

PerformanceT H R O U G H L E A D E R S H I P

SURFACE SYSTEMS

Saturday, April 22, 2023

SURFACE SYSTEMS

RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM2

3rd QTR 2001 STRATEGY MEETING Global Facility Locations

Sales and Service Locations Manufacturing Plants, 2007 Capacity (in Units)

Edmonton, 4,200

Beziers & Leeds, (sub.)

Venezuela & Argentina, 700

Veracruz, 3,000

OKC, 2,400

Romania, 9,600

Singapore & Malaysia,

1,900

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Testing capabilities include:• Pressure, Bending• Harsh Environment• Fatigue • Tensile • Underwater/Hazardous• Choke Flow Characteristics• Hot Oil Circulation• Erosion• Pull/Push Load• Corrosion

Why Cameron?When it comes to setting industry standards, Cameron is the Measure of Technology.

We have a dedicated facility for research, development, and

proving of new products and technologies.

Facility Size: 53,000 sq ft

Cameron Product Showcase

SURFACE SYSTEMS


• Conventional Well Drilling / Completion

• Wellheads

• Christmas Trees

• Seal Technology

• Gate Valves

• Actuators

• Chokes

Surface Systems

Presentation Outline

SURFACE SYSTEMS


WellheadTerminology

A Section ------------------- Lowermost Casing Head Casing Housing Bradenhead

B Section ------------------- Intermediate Head Casing Spool

C Section ------------------ Tubing Spool Tubing Head

Christmas Tree ---------------- Tree Cap

Swab Valve

Tee

Upper Master Valve

Lower Master Valve

Casing Hanger

Landing Base

Packoff

Tubing Hanger

Outboard Actuated Safety Valve

------------- Wing

Choke

Outboard Valve

Annulus Valves

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Conventional Well Drilling/Completion

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Wellhead

Common Features:• Wellhead support and suspend casing string• Provides a connection point for the pressure control

equipment• Contains well pressure• Allows access into the production and annulus bores

Types:• Independent (screwed connection)• Non-Conventional• Conventional (flanged connection)

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features:• Low cost option• Low pressure wells (<3K)• Adaptable for Tubingless completions• All-threaded joints• Slip or mandrel tubing suspension

Independent (Screwed Wellheads)

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Non-ConventionalMBS, MB20, TSW, DBTS, SSMC, SS, CSW

Features: • Enhanced safety• Rig time savings• Internal lock down• Space savings• Quick connects• Weight savings

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features:• Lower two housings installed through

rotary• Two casing strings run with only one

BOP N/U• High hanging capacity• Rated 5-15K completions

MBSMulti-Bowl System

SURFACE SYSTEMS


MB20Multi-Bowl System 20K

Features:• Extreme services• High hanging capacity• High pressure completions• Dual Multi-bowl design• Fast Clamp connection• Metal-to-Metal sealing capabilities

SURFACE SYSTEMS


TSWTime Savings Wellhead

Features:• Low cost• 3-10K completions• Installed through rotary• Threaded ring quick connect• Mandrel hangers available• Frac mandrel allows for 10K fracturing on 5K

completions

SURFACE SYSTEMS


DBTSDual Barrier Time Saver

Features: • Low cost• 3-10K completions• Fluted mandrel hanger• Installed through rotary• Threaded ring quick connect• Retrievable pack-offs with internal lock-

down• Dual barrier sealing and testing

capabilities

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features: • 5-15K completions• Multi-bowl design• Installed through rotary• Fluted mandrel hanger• Metal-to-Metal sealing capabilities• Flangelock or Fastlock quick connects• Retrievable pack-offs with internal lock-down• Lends itself to offshore installations where space and

weight are concerns

Fastlock ConnectorFlangelock Connector

SSMCStandard Snap-Ring Modular Compact

SURFACE SYSTEMS


SS WellheadSpace Saver

Features: • Low cost• Compact profile• Eliminates tubing spool• Latch type tubing hanger• 3-10K completions• Nested hangers allow reduced stack-

up heights

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features: • Field proven• Improved safety• Simple operation• Low maintenance• Cost effective system • Maximizes platform space• Modular design using SSMC

components• Reduced installation time

CSWConductor Sharing Wellhead

SURFACE SYSTEMS


C-15 EX Mudline System

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Conventional Flanged Wellheads

Features: • High Pressure• Severe service• Robust with high integrity seals• Most Common• API Connections

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features: • Bottom connection• Side outlets• Top connection• Hanger Bowl• Optional landing base

“A” SectionCasing Housing

Also known as: • Lower casing head• Casing Housing• Braden Head• Starter Head

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Casing HousingBottom Connection Types

Slip-On and Weld (SOW) Threaded Slip Lock

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Casing HousingCAMFORGE™ Casing Connection System

Features: • 10K pressure rating• No welding or pre-machining• Hydraulic pressure forms pressure tight metal seal• Mechanical casing cut, so existing Production can continue

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features: • Bottom connection• Secondary seal• Side outlets• Top connection• Hanger bowl

“B” Section: Intermediate SpoolCasing Spool

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Casing SpoolSecondary Seal Types

P-Seal

NX Bushing

CANH Seal

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Casing HangersSlip Type

Automatic

Manual

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Side ViewCasing HangersMandrel

Features: • No waiting on cement • Can be run through BOP• BPV thread option• Hanger can be run with casing

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Casing HangersSide View

Fluted Mandrel

Features: • BPV thread option• No waiting on cement • Flow-by slots for cement• Can be run through BOP• Hanger can be run with casing• Separate retrievable Pack-off assy

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Tubing Spool“C” Section: Tubing Head

Features: • Side outlets• Hanger bowl• Secondary Seal• Top connection• Tie-Down screws• Bottom connection

SURFACE SYSTEMS


T-40-CL

CXS

Tubing Hanger Common Features: • BPV prep available• Provides annular seal • Provides landing thread• Suspends weight of tubing• Provides down-hole penetrations• Metal-to-Metal sealing options for HPHT

MTBS

Dual Completions

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features: • Split hanger design• Resilient annular seal• Resilient or metal neck seal• Used for multiple completions• Continuous control line available

Tubing HangerDual Completions

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features: • Production• SCSSV line• Pressure line• Temperature lines• Chemical injection• Electrical submersible

pump

Tubing HangerPenetrations

Continuous

Non-continuous

ESP

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Tubing Head Adapter

Features: • Flange test port• Control line exit preparation• Tree connection preparation• Metal and/or resilient neck seal

SURFACE SYSTEMS


“Connection Seal” used as an atmospheric seal at all wellhead interfaces

“Primary Seal” used to pack off between the wellhead and the casing in the bowl

“Secondary Seal” used to seal the casing string into the next wellhead bottom

Seal Terminology

SURFACE SYSTEMS


1. Casing Hangers: Energized automatically by weight of casing, or manually by cap screws or tie-down screws.

2. Tubing Hangers:-Metal or elastomeric sealing-Machined surface finish sealing area

• Metal or elastomer seals available.• Installed in the bottom of the wellhead• Seals against un-machined casing. • Self-energized by radial squeeze or manually by adding plastic packing.

Seal DescriptionsPrimary Seals:

Secondary Seals:

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Description P Seal NX Bushing T Seal Canh Seal

Service Rating Standard and/or Moderately Severe

Standard and/or Moderately Severe Standard Severe/ Corrosive

Seal Type Elastomeric Elastomeric Elastomeric Metal-To-Metal

Working Pressure Upto 15,000 psi 10,000 psi 5,000 psi 15,000 - 20,000 psi

Means of Energizing Seal Plastic Packing Plastic Packing Radial Interference Flange / Tie-down /

Hydraulic Make-up

Size Range 4-1/2 in. to 24 in. 4-1/2 in. to 16 in. 4-1/2 in. to 18-5/8 in. 3-1/2 in. to 16 in.

Secondary Seals Comparison Chart

Seal Technology

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Elastomeric Seals

O-Ring

P Seal

T Seal

S Seal

Metal End Cap

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Metal-to-Metal Seals

CANH MTBS SRL

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Connection Seals

R Ring Gasket

RX Ring Gasket

BX (face-to-face contact)

CF Ring Gasket

API

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features: • Single check available to release

bore pressure• Double check available to release

bore pressure• Run with polished rod lubricator or

dry rod

What is it used for?Installed into tubing hanger or mandrel casing hanger to close secure well bore pressures

Seal

Handling Thread

Hanger Thread

Valve Spring

Valve Stem

BPV TWC

Back Pressure Valve & Two Way Check

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features: • Utilizes one tool for both BPV and TWC

options• Increased safety over H type BPV / TWC• Rig time savings

Back Pressure ValveType HP BPV

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features:• Valves• Tee and crosses• Actuators• Tree cap• Choke• Blind / instrument flanges• Needle valves / pressure gauges

Christmas TreesComponents

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features:• Cost effective• Repair by replacement• Flexible manufacturing• Single or dual-completions• Large bore, high pressure available• Alternative stack-up arrangements

possible

Christmas TreesLoose Valves

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features:• Compact design• Minimum leak paths• Multi-cavity single forging • High structural strength• Single or dual-completions• Ideal for offshore platform

applications

Christmas TreesSolid Block Valves

SURFACE SYSTEMS


• Expanding gate valves

Model M• Slab gate valves

FLSFLS-R (XHPHT)

• Valve Selection

Gate Valve Technology

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features:• 5-20K rating• Forged body• Metal Sealing• Back-seat capability• Low-torque operation• Corrosion resistant materials • Easily maintained, no special tools needed for field

repair

FLS Gate ValveSlab Gate

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features:• Cast body• Metal sealing• Low pressure (5K)• Low-torque operation• Upstream/downstream seal• Does not require lubricants to seal• Seat faces are isolated when valve is open

W-K-M Model MExpanding Gate

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features:• 10-20K rating• Low torque• Value engineered• Bi-directional sealing• Ball screw assembly • Back seats top and bottom• Ease of operation & maintenance • Minimum of turns lessen wear on stem seal

7-1/16 10,000 Frac Valve

FLS-R Gate ValveSlab Gate

SURFACE SYSTEMS


9” 5K

TORQUE

FLS800 Ft-Lb first 4.5 Turns40 Ft-Lb remaining 54 Turns

FLS-R150 Ft-Lb first 2 Turns20 Ft-Lb remaining 36 Turns

FLS vs. FLS-R Comparison

SURFACE SYSTEMS


FLS vs. FLS-R Comparison6-3/8” 15K

TORQUE

FLS1800 Ft-Lb first 6.5 Turns55 Ft-Lb remaining 32 Turns

FLS-R225 Ft-Lb first 2.5 Turns20 Ft-Lb remaining 12.75 Turn

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Fail-As-Is with Hydraulic actuator.Gulf Mexico 7500’ water depth

FLS-R Gate ValveHPHT 9 in. 15 k

SURFACE SYSTEMS


HPHT Wellhead-Tree 20,000 PSI / 300 Plus DegreesXHP/HT

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Size (in.)

1-13/16

2-1/16

2-9/16

345-1/8

6-3/8

7-3/8

9

FL Slab type or M expanding gate

FLS Slab type gate valves

FLS slab type gate valves with tailrod for manual valves

Pressure Rating (psi)

2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

FLS Slab type gate valves

Note 1:

Note 1: Use FLS Slab type gate valves for Clad or subsea applications.2: FL and FLS are forged, Model M is cast.

Gate Valve SelectionWellhead Applications

SURFACE SYSTEMS


API TEMP CLASSIFICATION

OPERATING RANGE(DEG. F)

OPERATING RANGE(DEG. C)

(MIN.) (MAX.) (MIN.) (MAX.)

K -75 TO 180 -60 TO 82

L -50 TO 180 -46 TO 82

N -50 TO 140 -46 TO 60

P -20 TO 180 -29 TO 82

R ROOM TEMPERATURE ROOM TEMPERATURE

S 0 TO 140 -18 TO 60

T 0 TO 180 -18 TO 82

U 0 TO 250 -18 TO 121

V 35 TO 250 2 TO 121

API Temperature Classes

SURFACE SYSTEMS


API Material Class Body, Bonnet, End & Outlet Connections

Pressure Controlling Parts, Stems, & Mandrel Hangers

AA- General Service Carbon or low alloy steel Carbon or low alloy steelb

BB- General Service Carbon or low alloy steel Stainless Steel

CC- General Service Stainless Steel Stainless Steel

DD- Sour Servicea Carbon or low alloy steelb Carbon or low alloy steelb

EE- Sour Servicea Carbon or low alloy steelb Stainless steelb

FF- Sour Servicea Stainless steelb Stainless steelb

HH- Sour Servicea Corrosion Resistant Alloyb Corrosion Resistant Alloyb

ZZ- Sour Service User Definedb User Definedb

API Material Class

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Material Type Application (Part)Maximum H2S at

5000 psi (34,5 Mpa)

Minimum pH of water phase

Maximum Temperature

Carbon or Low Alloy Steel

Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem No Limit No Limit No Limit

410 or F6NM Stainless Steel

Body, Bonnet, Gate, Seat No Limit 3.5 No Limit

Stem or Hanger 300 ppm 3.5 No Limit

17-4 PH SST or Monel k-500 Valve Stems Only 100 ppm 4.5 No Limit

316 or 304 Stainless Steel

Ring Gasket No Limit No Limit No Limit

Gate, Seat, Stem 3000 ppm No Limit 140° F (60° C)

Stellite or Tungsten Carbide

Gates, Seats Choke, Trim No Limit No Limit No Limit

Nickel Alloys 718 and 925

Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem

No Limit No Limit 275° F (135° C)

40000 ppm No Limit 400° F (204° C)

Nickel Alloys 625 and 825

Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem No Limit No Limit No Limit

NACE Material Usage Limits

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Pneumatic Diaphragm and Piston

Features:• Used on remotely operate valves and chokes • Uses basic air supply to operate• 170 psi operating pressure• Simple, but robust design• Inexpensive to install and maintain• Manufactured to NACE MR0175, (H2S)• May be MMS certified for offshore installations

Actuators

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Features: • Used in multiple applications• Available for valves from 2” to 9”• Single or double piston design available• Visual indicators for easy viewing• Wire line cutting capability if needed• Often used offshore where space and

weight are critical• Fail open / close / in-place• Ideal for extreme cold environment

56

ActuatorsHydraulic Piston

SURFACE SYSTEMS


ChokesDefinition:

Restriction in a flow line that causes a pressure drop or reduces the rate of flow through an orifice

Types:• Fixed bean• Needle and seat• External sleeve• Plug & cage

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Needle and Seat:• Simplest application• Least expensive adjustable

choke • Best for pressure control• High capacity

Plug and Cage:• High capacity • Good controllability • Eliminates body erosion

Fixed Bean:• Best for infrequent

adjustments • Used on Production Xmas

trees

External Sleeve:• Superior erosion resistance • Eliminates body erosion

Choke Throttling Methods

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Types of ChokesThere are two types of Chokes that are commonly available.

Fixed or Positive Adjustable Chokes

SURFACE SYSTEMS


H2 Needle and Seat ChokesBody Sizes: 2”, 3” 4”Trim Sizes: 1”, 2”, 3”

Pressure Ratings: To 15,000 psi

• Positive & Adjustable• Minimum Parts easily maintained• Easily changed from fixed to

adjustable• Can pass relatively large solids

• Typical applications:• Wellheads• Production Manifolds• Choke & Kill Manifolds• Well Testing & Clean-up

SURFACE SYSTEMS


“MOV” Multiple Orifice Valve ChokeBody Sizes: 1”, 2”, 3”, 4”, 6”

Trim Sizes: Disc TrimsPressure Ratings: 3,000 psi to 10,000 psi

• Positive & Adjustable• Minimum Parts easily maintained• Precision Flow Control• Good Shut-off capabilities• Reversible seats

• Typical applications:• Wellheads• Manifolds• Gas lift, CO2 injection• Subsea applications

The MOV uses two matched discs, each with a pair of circular openings to create variable flow as one disc is rotated relative to the other.

SURFACE SYSTEMS


To allow Flow Coefficient to be calculated for a complete range of fluids, including multi-phase. Cameron Willis has developed the most validated choke sizing program in the industry. It is based on scientific principles and results of extensive flow capacity testing.To ensure optimum accuracy the sizing program contains an extensive database of Cameron Willis choke designs, sizes, & trim characteristics and is capable of predicting the onset of cavitation and choked flow.

Choke Sizing

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Correct Sizing is critical to proper Choke Performance

OVERSIZED• Reduced Controllability• Vibration• Increased Erosion

UNDERSIZED• Insufficient Flow Capacity• Lower Production Rates• Excessive Pressure Drops

Choke Sizing

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Wellhead an arrangement of pressure containing housings and spools, connected together in a pressure-tight assembly supporting multiple, concentric strings of casing / tubing.

Summary

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Casing Hangers top of the casing string landed in a housing bowl to support the weight of string and seal off the annulus. Seal energized by string weight, tie-down screws or manually torquing cap screws.

Tubing Hangers

top of the tubing to support the tubing weight, seal off from the annulus and allow down hole penetrations to penetrate the hanger.

Summary

SURFACE SYSTEMS


Christmas Tree an assembly of valves, flanges, crosses, tees and chokes to control flow from (or into) a well.

Actuators pneumatic or hydraulic actuated devices to remotely close in a valve.

Chokes

a restriction in the flowline to control flowrate and pressure of the well.

Summary

SURFACE SYSTEMS


surface systems wellhead training file (10 puntos)

Documents

casing stringprovides

facility size

dedicated facility

d e r s h i psurface

connection point

wellhead support

togethertm78 features

togethertm34 conventional