sur 181 chapter 4 procedure to determine parameter observation

8/6/2019 SUR 181 Chapter 4 Procedure to Determine Parameter Observation

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CHAPTER 4:

PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE

PARAMETER OBSERVATION

SUR 181

SITE SURVEYING II

Lecturer: Noorsazwan Ahmad Pugi

Department of Surveying Science and Geomatics,

Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying,

University Technology MARA

Seri Iskandar Perak


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MEASURE OF BEARING

Bearing

Defined as angle between the direction of the line and thedirection beginning at the meridian or north

To establish direction of the line between two point in thesite, bearing of the line must be determine.

Whole circle bearing (WCB) is the measurement line wherethe direction of the measurement is clock wise.

WCB range is 0 - 360 from north direction or certainreference north.

U

A

B

U

C

D

= WCB from AB

= WCB from CD


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MEASURE OF BEARING

How to Read Bearing


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TYPES OF BEARING

True Bearing

Grid Bearing

Magnetic Bearing

Forward and Back Bearing

Quadrant Bearing


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TRUE BEARING

Any angle measured in a clockwise direction from

the true meridian to a line is a true whole circle

bearing (WCB).

TNA

TN

B

TN

C

CXX


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GRID BEARING

The grid whole circle bearing of any survey lines

is the clockwise angle between grid north line

and the survey line.


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MAGNETIC BEARING

Any angle measured in a clockwise direction from

the magnetic meridian to a line is a magnetic

whole circle bearing (WCB)

MNA

MN

B

MN

C

CXX


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FORWARD AND BACKBEARING

Any survey line can have various whole circle

bearing

N

N

B

A

Forward Bearing

Back Bearing


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QUADRANT BEARING

(REDUCED BEARING) Quadrant are known as the north east, south east,

south west and north west quadrants.

The quadrant bearing of any line the angle which it

makes with the north south axis.

North

NorthWest

West

South

EastSouthEast

NorthEast

SouthWest


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QUADRANT BEARING

Whole circle bearing to

quadrant bearing

Line

W.C.B Between Rule for Q.B Quadrant

AX 0 and 90 Q.B = W.C.B NE

AY 90 and 180 Q.B = 180 W.C.B SE

AZ 180 and 270 Q.B = W.C.B 180 SW

AW 270 and 360 Q.B = 360 W.C.B NW

North

West

South

East

X

YZ

W

A


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QUADRANT BEARING

Quadrant bearing to whole circle bearing

North

West

South

East

X

YZ

W

Line Q.B Rule for Q.B W.C.B Between

AX NE W.C.B = Q.B 0 and 90

AY S E W.C.B = 180 - Q.B 90 and 180

AZ S W W.C.B = 180 +Q.B 180 and 270

AW N W W.C.B = 360 - Q.B 270 and 360

A


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MEASURE OF DISTANCE

How to measure distance


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CALCULATION OF TRAVERSE

Latitude and Departure

y Latitude and departure are uses for obtained the

accuracy of traverse and determine the coordinate for

each of traverse station.

y Latitude is the different of distance on the north-south

axis between two point survey.

y Departure is the different of distance on the east-west

axis between two point survey.

Latitude = D cosine

Departure = D sine


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A

BSurvey line

Distance (D)

Bearing ()

Latitude = D cosine

Departure = D sine

Latitude

Departure

Latitude A-B = D cosineDeparture A-B = D sine

North

East

D = Distance of Point A-B = Bearing of Point A-B


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Traverse Adjustment

TransitMethod

BowditchM

ethod

Two Methods


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Transit Method

1

2

3

4

5

Correction in Latitudes for line 1-2

Total latitudes misclosure

= ____________________ X Latitudes of line 1-2Total sum of latitudes

Correction in Departures for line 1-2

Total departures misclosure

= ____________________ X Departures of line 1-2Total sum of departures


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Bowditch Method

1

2

3

4

5

Correction in Latitudes for line 1-2

Total latitudes misclosure

= ____________________ X lengths of line 1-2Total traverse length

Correction in Departures for line 1-2

Total departures misclosure

= ____________________ X lengths of line 1-2Total traverse length

sur 181 chapter 4 procedure to determine parameter observation

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