1

Supporting Information for Thermophilization of adult and juvenile tree communities in

the northern tropical Andes

Methods

Study area

The study area is located in the northwest region of Colombia between 5º50’ and 8º61’ North and

74º61’and 77º33’ West. This region encompasses an elevational gradient from 0 m asl to 4000 m

asl and is highly variable in terms of its topography, climate and soils. The annual precipitation in

this region ranges from 1000 mm to almost 7000 mm in the “Alto de Ventanas” municipality of

Valdivia. Likewise, the topography and geology are highly variable because of the presence of two

mountain ranges influencing patterns of drainage, rainfall and soil fertility at local scales (1).

Plot censuses

The study was conducted using data collected from 16 permanent 1-ha forest inventory plots that

were established between 2006 and 2010 (Table 1). The permanent plots are distributed across a

large geographic area that covers approximately 64000 km2, mostly in the province of Antioquia

(Figure S1) and span an altitudinal gradient from 50 to 2950 masl. The average distance between

plots was 172.6 km (ranging from 24.5 km to 423.1 km). The Andean region in Colombia retains

only approximately 34% of its original natural cover primarily because of historical deforestation

(2). Thus, at least in some of the surveyed spots, we expected some previous degradation. The El

Bagre, Carepa, Necoclí, and Támesis plots, which are located in small forest fragments (≈ 50 ha),

2

may have faced some prior degradation and likely effects from elevated tree mortality along the

forest edges.

All plots were 100 m x 100 m, with the exception of the plot of Támesis, which was modified to

40 m x 250 m. In each plot, all shrubs, trees, palms, and tree ferns with a diameter at breast height

(DBH) ≥ 10 cm were mapped, tagged, and measured (referred as adult individuals). All of the

plants with a DBH between 1 and 10 cm (hereafter referred to as juveniles) were counted in a 40

m x 40 m subplot (1600 m2) located near the center of each plot. Voucher collections were made

for each potentially-unique species in each plot. We collected vouchers in all cases in which there

was any doubt about a plant’s similarity with another individual that was already collected within

the same plot. The taxonomic identifications were made by comparing the specimens with

herbarium material and with the help of specialists in some groups. All of the vouchers are now

kept at the University of Antioquia’s Herbarium (HUA). The plants that could not be identified to

the species level were classified as morphospecies based on differences in the morphology of

vegetative characters. Approximately 3% of individuals were excluded from the analysis due to

low-quality vouchers resulting from a lack of clear botanical characters, earlier stages of

development, or incorrect enumeration. The Angelópolis, Anorí, Carepa and Belmira plots has

three census, while the rest of the plots were censuses twice. The last census of all plots was carried

out between June 2013 and June 2014.

Species thermal distributions and optimum temperatures.

We estimated the thermal distributions of all tree species occurring in the 16 plots based on the

herbarium specimens collected in the tropical Andean countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and

3

Bolivia. For all species occurring in the study plots, all available herbarium data records from

these countries were downloaded through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility data

portal (GBIF; http://www.gbif.org/; accessed in February 2014). Records that were missing

collection coordinates, tagged by GBIF as having possible coordinate issues, and records that

had obvious georeferencing errors (i.e., coordinates occurring over the ocean or in other

countries) were discarded. Duplicate records were also discarded.

The mean annual temperatures (hereafter temperatures) at the collection locations of all

specimen were estimated by extracting the temperature values from the WorldClim extrapolated

climate map at a spatial resolution of 30 arc seconds (3).

For each of the tree species recorded in the 16 plots that were represented by ≥10 herbarium

collection records, we estimated the thermal optimum as the mean temperature (°C) of the

herbarium collection locations. For species with <10 available records, the thermal optimum was

estimated as the average collection temperature calculated from all available records of

congeneric individuals collected from the tropical Andean region.

Community temperature scores and thermal migration rates. For each plot census, we calculated

the community temperature score (CTS; °C). CTS is the average of thermal optimum of all

species occurring in the plot weighted by the relative basal area. The thermal migration rate

(TMR; °C) was calculated as the net change in CTS values for each plot over all possible

consecutive censuses. Confidence limits of the annualized overall TMRs were calculated by non-

parametric bootstrapping with 1000 draws (α = 0.05).

4

The overall annual thermal migration rate (TMR; °C yr-1) of each plot was calculated as the

annualized change in the CTS values for each plot over the entire census period (i.e., CTS of the

first versus CTS of the last census). We also calculated the TMR for each plot over each plot

solely to tree basal area growth (TMRgrow), tree basal area recruitment (TMRrec), and tree basal

area mortality (TMRmort). The TMRgrow of a plot is the difference in the plot’s CTS as calculated

using the initial vs. final basal areas of just the trees surviving through the census period. The

TMRrec of a plot is the difference in its CTS as calculated using the final basal areas of all stems

recorded at the end of the census interval vs. its CTS as calculated using the final basal areas of

just the stems that survived through the census interval. Finally, a plot’s TMRmort is the

difference in its CTS as calculated using the initial basal areas of all stems recorded in the first

census vs. its CTS as calculated using the initial basal areas of just the stems that survived

through the census interval. All analyses were separately performed for only large individuals

(DBH ≥ 10 cm; referred as adults) and only small individuals (1 cm ≤ DBH < 10 cm; referred as

juveniles). The juvenile stem class include both juvenile trees and shrubs.

The optimum precipitations of all species, and the Community Precipitation Scores (CPS) and

Precipitation Migration Rates (PMR) of all plots were also calculated employing the same

methods as those described above but using Total Annual Precipitation (mm) values from the

WorldClim maps (3).

5

Drivers of plot-compositional changes in elevation

The dispersal mode of each species was assigned based on information of the morphology of the

diaspores (seeds and fruits) available in the literature (4-8), herbaria (CHIC, COAH, COL, K, NY),

and some expert’s criterion. Six seed dispersal modes were defined: endozoochory, synzoochory,

anemochory (by wind), ballistic (explosive), hydrochory (by water), myrmecochory (by ants), and

unassisted (gravity). In the endozoochory category we included all diaspores with fleshy fruits that

can be eaten by frugivoros birds as well as mimetic seeds and diaspores reported as eaten by

vertebrates. Synzoochory included either fleshy or non-fleshy fruits with diameter larger than 2

cm, which are not usually ingested by birds. The anemochory dispersal mode was assigned to

plants with winged, hairy or plumed diaspores or to sizes < 3 mm that did not present any other

evident feature corresponding to another dispersal mode. Dispersal modes of each species were

assigned without any prior knowledge about plot composition by one of the coauthors (P.S.) of the

study.

Samples of the soil A horizon (mineral soil after removing organic layer) from five points in each

20 m x 20 m quadrat were collected. At each point, a 500 g soil sample was taken form a depth of

20-30 cm; multiple samples from each quadrat were bulked, and then a 500 g composite sample

per quadrat was taken and air-dried after being cleansed of macroscopic organic matter. The

chemical properties of the soil samples were analyzed at the Biogeochemical Analysis Laboratory

at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Medellín. The exchangeable Ca. Mg and K were

extracted with 1 M ammonium acetate and analyzed using atomic-absorption. The available P was

extracted with L-ascorbic acid and analyzed using a spectrophotometer UV-VIS. The soil pH was

measured in water as one part soil to two parts water. The organic matter (O.M.) was determined

6

according to the Walkley and Black volumetric method. For subsequent analyses we used the mean

value of each one of the chemical properties analyzed per plot.

For each plot, the structural and demographic variables assessed were: total number of individuals

(num_ind), total basal area (BA; m2 yr-1), maximum DBH (max_DBH; cm), mortality rate of

individuals (mort_ind; yr-1), mortality rate of basal area (mort_BA; m2 yr-1), mean growth in DBH

(growth_DBH; cm yr-1), maximum growth in basal area (max_BA; m2 yr-1), overall change in

individuals (overall_ind yr-1), and overall change in basal area (overall_BA; m2 yr-1). Note that the

demographic variables assessed at the plot level differed from those assessed to determine plot

elevation changes. The latter is based on changes between plots located at different elevations,

while the former assesses forest dynamics within each plot. The formulas employed to evaluate

plot structure and demography, based on DBH in cm, were:

Total basal area (BA; m2 yr-1): (pi/40,000)*(DBH2)

Mortality rate of individuals (mort_ind; yr-1): [ln(indt1/indt2.1)]/t

Where: indt1: number of individuals in census 1

indt2.1: number of alive individuals censused in t1 still alive in census 2 (t2)

t: time (in years)

Mortality rate of basal area (mort_BA; m2 yr-1): [ln(BAt1/BAt2.1)]/t

Where: BAt1: sum of basal area in census 1

BAt2.1: sum of basal area of alive individuals censused in t1 still alive in census 2

7

Mean growth in basal area (growth_BA; m2 yr-1): Σ(DBHt2 − DBHt1)/(n*t)

Where: DBHt1: diameter at breast height in census 1

DBHt2: diameter at breast height in census 2

n: number of individuals

Overall change in individuals (overall_ind yr-1): (Σ indt2 − Σ indt1)/t

Where: indt2: number of individuals in cenus 2

Overall change in basal area (overall_BA m2 yr-1): (Σ BAt2 − Σ BAt1)/t

Where: BAt2: basal area in census 2

References:

1. IGAC (2007) Antioquia. Características geográficas. Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi.

Bogotá D.C. Colombia.

2. Cabrera E, Vargas D, Galindo G, García MC, Ordoñez MF, Vergara LC, Pacheco AM, Rubiano

JC, Giraldo P (2011) Protocolo de Procesamiento Digital de Imágenes para la

Cuantificación de la Deforestación en Colombia, Nivel Nacional Escalas Gruesa y Escala

Fina. Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología, y Estudios Ambientales-IDEAM. Bogota

D.C., Colombia.

3. Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, & Jarvis A (2005) Very high resolution

interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology

25:1965-1978.

8

4. Correa DF, Alvarez E, Stevenson P (2015) Plant dispersal systems in Neotropical forests:

availability of dispersal agents or availability of resources for constructing zoochorous

fruits? Global Ecology and Biogeography 24: 203-214.

5. Gentry AH (1993) A field guide to the families and genera of woody plants of Northwest South

America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru), with supplementary notes on herbaceous taxa.

Washington: Conservation International. 895 p.

6. Pennington TD, Reynel C, Daza A (2004). Illustrated guide to the trees of Peru. Sherborne: DH

books. 848 p.

7. Stevenson PR, Quiñones MJ, Castellanos MC (2000). Guía de frutos de los bosques del Río

Duda, La Macarena, Colombia. Bogotá: Asociación para La Defensa de La Macarena –

IUCN. 467 p.

8. van Roosmalen MGM (1985). Fruits of the Guianan Flora. Wageningen: Institute of Systematic

Botany, Utrecht University. 483 p.

Table S1. Description and location of the 16 1-ha plots established in the northwest of Colombia. Plots are ordered according to

elevation (m asl). TRM: Thermal migration rates. CTS: community temperature scores. Adults: individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm. Juv:

individuals with 1 cm ≤ DBH < 10 cm.

Plot

number Plot name

Longitude

(W)

Latitude

(N)

Plot

elevation

(m asl)

Rainfall

(mm y-1)

Year of

establishment

CTSadult

(°C)

CTSjuv

(°C)

TMRadult

(°C yr-1)

TMRjuv

(°C yr-

1)

1 Necoclí 76.66 8.51 41 1784 2010 23.4 22.5 0.0055 0.1105 2 Carepa 76.76 7.78 59 3008 2010 21.8 22.6 0.0678 0.0538 3 Caucasia 74.94 8.13 128 4197 2009 23.4 23.8 0.0041 -0.0277 4 El Bagre 74.82 7.66 166 2140 2009 22.8 23.0 0.0213 0.0171

5 Puerto

Triunfo 74.61 6.01 167 4380 2009 23.6 22.8 0.0258 0.0617

6 Sapzurro 77.35 8.65 171 2698 2010 22.7 22.1 0.0031 0.0668 7 Támesis 75.67 5.78 586 1903 2009 21.3 22.1 0.0111 0.0212 8 Segovia 74.73 7.11 691 2885 2008 22.6 22.5 0.0136 0.0088 9 Maceo 74.79 6.46 928 2995 2009 22.2 22.2 0.0066 0.0167 10 Porce 75.08 6.78 977 3346 2008 22.2 23.5 0.0032 -0.0128 11 Anorí 75.14 6.99 1740 3189 2006 19.4 20.4 -0.0003 0.0080 12 Angelópolis 75.7 6.15 2027 2435 2007 17.6 18.1 -0.0200 0.0203 13 Ventanas 75.48 7.08 2056 4937 2009 17.4 17.4 -0.0134 0.0496 14 Jardín 75.9 5.49 2527 2274 2009 17.6 17.8 0.0177 0.0267 15 Caicedo 76.03 6.38 2646 1892 2009 17.0 16.7 0.0200 0.0250 16 Belmira 75.65 6.61 2928 2195 2006 14.2 15.0 0.0011 -0.0172

Table S2. Number of individuals, basal area, and number of species recorded in each one of the

16 plots established in the northwest of Colombia. Values for the two categories of size are

presented. Adults: DBH≥10. Juveniles: 1 cm ≤ DBH<10. Plot numbers are as in Table S1.

Adults

Juveniles

Plot number

Number of

individuals

Basal area

(m2 ha-1)

Number of

species

Number of

individuals

(0.16 ha)

Basal area

(m2 0.16 ha-1)

Number of

species

(0.16 ha)

1 565 7.89 101 1219 0.30 156

2 372 8.38 110 881 0.21 102

3 514 7.70 71 384 0.11 66

4 505 7.10 137 977 0.24 163

5 394 7.10 82 1023 0.28 124

6 612 9.20 99 799 0.26 123

7 445 5.74 44 1109 0.28 45

8 625 7.75 165 1178 0.31 219

9 821 9.88 124 951 0.31 106

10 834 8.12 74 615 0.36 93

11 918 8.21 149 1261 0.35 192

12 868 6.93 135 2033 0.52 171

13 939 7.49 117 1704 0.43 139

14 936 12.94 75 1270 0.29 81

15 1245 11.26 111 1204 0.47 107

16 541 6.80 37 959 0.29 60

Species Name Optimum MAT Optimum TAP No.of Records

Abarema_barbouriana 24.1 4100.7 35

Abarema_callejasii 23.2 3038.2 252*

Abarema_floribunda 23.2 3038.2 252*

Abarema_jupumba 23.2 3038.2 252*

Abarema_jupunba 25.1 3407.5 75

Abarema_lehmannii 16.6 2109.7 45

Abuta_racemosa 24.7 2604.2 613*

Abuta_sp1 24.7 2604.2 613*

Abuta_sp2 24.7 2604.2 613*

Acalypha_sp1 22.9 2323.7 5371*

Acalypha_cuneata 24.0 2989.2 577

Acalypha_diversifolia 23.3 2819.3 1547

Acalypha_macrostachya 21.7 2291.5 1148

Acalypha_sp1 22.9 2323.7 5371*

Adelphia_hiraea 24.5 2370.2 15*

Aegiphila_alba 17.8 1925.1 95

Aegiphila_hirsutissima 22.2 2409.2 1238*

Aegiphila_integrifolia 24.4 2509.9 193

Aegiphila_laeta 23.3 2648.8 33

Aegiphila_panamensis 23.0 3062.8 59

Aegiphila_sp1 22.2 2409.2 1238*

Aegiphila_sp2 22.2 2409.2 1238*

Agouticarpa_williamsii 23.3 3336.8 29

Aiouea_dubia 15.0 1268.2 58

Aiouea_pauciflora 20.2 1891.5 133*

Aiouea_sp1 20.2 1891.5 133*

Aiouea_sp2 20.2 1891.5 133*

Aiouea_sp3 20.2 1891.5 133*

Aiouea_sp6 20.2 1891.5 133*

Aiouea_sp7 20.2 1891.5 133*

Aiphanes_aculeata 22.1 2265.5 1946*

Aiphanes_hirsuta 21.4 3767.9 79

Aiphanes_linearis 15.8 2477.6 91

Aiphanes_parvifolia 23.2 2924.8 10

Aiphanes_simplex 18.6 2224.8 29

Table S3. The optimum Mean Annual Temperature (MAT, oC) and Total Annual

Precipitation (TAP, mm) estimated for tree species occuring in the Andean study plots

based on the distribution of collection locations as available through the Global

Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Also listed is the number of records from GBIF

used to calculate the estimates (*species had <10 collection records available in GBIF and

thus optimal MAT and TAP were estimated at the genus level; the listed number refers to

the number of collections available through GBIF for the corresponding genus).

Aiphanes_sp 22.1 2265.5 1946*

Albizia_carbonaria 23.5 2969.5 46

Albizia_saman 24.1 1701.3 374*

Albizia_sp1 24.1 1701.3 374*

Albizia_sp2 24.1 1701.3 374*

Alchornea_acutifolia 21.2 2124.1 1040*

Alchornea_coelophylla 16.2 2191.6 35

Alchornea_costaricensis 23.3 2938.3 13

Alchornea_glandulosa 21.4 2081.9 542

Alchornea_grandiflora 21.2 2124.1 1040*

Alchornea_leptogyna 20.2 3417.1 17

Alchornea_megalophylla 21.2 2124.1 1040*

Alchornea_polyantha 21.2 2124.1 1040*

Alchornea_sp 21.2 2124.1 1040*

Alchornea_sp1 21.2 2124.1 1040*

Alchornea_sp2 21.2 2124.1 1040*

Alchornea_sp3 21.2 2124.1 1040*

Alchornea_triplinervia 23.0 2025.4 14

Alchornea_verticillata 21.2 2124.1 1040*

Alfaroa_colombiana 19.4 2472.0 68

Alibertia_bertierifolia 26.2 2681.4 18

Alibertia_edulis 24.5 2200.9 164

Alibertia_stenantha 25.3 2622.2 55

Allomaieta_hirsuta 22.5 2716.7 60*

Allomaieta_pancurana 25.3 2693.5 30

Allomaieta_villosa 22.5 2716.7 60*

Allophylus_psilospermus 24.2 1887.0 29

Allophylus_sp 22.6 2257.0 986*

Allophylus_sp1 22.6 2257.0 986*

Alseis_blackiana 26.2 3112.3 15

Alsophila_cuspidata 23.9 2767.2 201

Alsophila_erinacea 18.4 1960.6 122

Alsophila_incana 19.2 1377.1 44

Amaioua_corymbosa 25.9 2830.7 56

Amaioua_guianensis 24.2 2081.0 129

Amanoa_oblongifolia 25.8 2974.7 41*

Amanoa_sp2 25.8 2974.7 41*

Ampelocera_longissima 24.1 3344.6 33

Ampelocera_macrocarpa 25.8 3235.3 12

Ampelocera_sp1 24.3 2045.5 421*

Amphirrhox_latifolia 26.6 2866.2 17*

Amphitecna_latifolia 25.3 2826.3 12*

Anacardium_excelsum 24.1 1973.5 51

Anacardium_giganteum 25.1 2312.7 121*

Anaxagorea_sp1 25.6 3510.7 515*

Anaxagorea_sp2 25.6 3510.7 515*

Andira_inermis 24.8 2983.7 173

Andira_sp 24.5 2878.7 334*

Andira_taurotesticulata 23.0 2781.5 69

Anemopaegma_sp1 25.0 2403.1 282*

Aniba_coto 19.0 2553.1 51

Aniba_muca 19.4 1558.8 86

Aniba_perutilis 23.0 2599.2 53

Aniba_puchury-minor 24.9 2616.1 60

Aniba_robusta 23.6 2457.6 808*

Aniba_sp2 23.6 2457.6 808*

Aniba_sp3 23.6 2457.6 808*

Aniba_sp4 23.6 2457.6 808*

Aniba_sp5 23.6 2457.6 808*

Annona_amazonica 25.2 2154.0 21

Annona_glabraæL. 23.6 2320.9 2237*

Annona_papilionella 23.9 2594.4 14

Annona_rensoniana 23.6 2320.9 2237*

Annona_sp1 23.6 2320.9 2237*

Annona_spraguei 26.1 2984.3 11

Anomospermum_sp1 24.7 2579.7 207*

Apeiba_aspera 25.0 3036.5 256

Apeiba_glabra 26.4 2665.4 12

Apeiba_tibourbou 25.2 2356.0 202

Aphelandra_hartwegiana 25.3 3267.6 74

Aphelandra_lasiophylla 25.9 2590.8 12

Aphelandra_pulcherrima 24.6 1990.7 40

Aphelandra_scolnikiae 22.7 2567.8 976*

Aptandra_tubicina 26.1 2472.3 80

Ardisia_foetida 20.8 2378.1 72

Ardisia_sp1 23.4 2649.3 485*

Arrabidaea_florida 24.6 2239.6 196

Arrabidaea_patellifera 24.5 2603.2 92

Arrabidaea_sp 24.5 2004.1 1423*

Aspidosperma_desmanthum 24.4 2090.6 676*

Aspidosperma_megalocarpon 24.4 2090.6 676*

Aspidosperma_sp1 24.4 2090.6 676*

Aspidosperma_sp2 24.4 2090.6 676*

Aspidosperma_sp3 24.4 2090.6 676*

Aspidosperma_spruceanum 24.4 2090.6 676*

Astrocaryum_malybo 26.6 2308.0 41

Astrocaryum_standleyanum 25.7 6940.5 459

Astronium_graveolens 24.6 1768.4 55

Astronium_lecointei 24.7 2373.1 32

Attalea_butyracea 26.7 2621.1 12727

Attalea_sp 26.4 2419.7 40696*

Axinaea_scutigera 15.2 1439.2 34

Axinea_scutigera NA NA 0

Baccharis_brachylaenoides 13.3 1303.2 1462*

Bactris_barronis 26.3 6424.2 76

Bactris_coloradonis 25.8 6865.5 180

Bactris_maraja 26.2 2850.2 9169

Bactris_pilosa 26.3 2780.9 79

Bactris_sp 26.3 2635.2 56851*

Bathysa_bracteosa 23.2 2405.3 219*

Batocarpus_costaricensis 24.7 2318.2 104

Bauhinia_porphyrotricha 24.6 2311.3 1064*

Bauhinia_sp1 24.6 2311.3 1064*

Bauhinia_splendens 24.6 2311.3 1064*

Beilschmiedia_costaricensis 19.5 1900.8 147

Beilschmiedia_latifolia 17.4 1560.5 36

Beilschmiedia_pendula 19.5 1851.2 411*

Beilschmiedia_sp1 19.5 1851.2 411*

Beilschmiedia_sp3 19.5 1851.2 411*

Beilschmiedia_tovarensis 18.7 1743.9 148

Bejaria_aestuans 17.2 1475.2 357

Bellucia_grossularioides 25.4 2746.4 110

Bellucia_pentamera 24.5 3053.5 359

Bertiera_angustifolia 23.4 2987.1 33

Bertiera_viburnoides 24.5 2862.4 380*

Besleria_formosa 19.2 2826.0 53

Besleria_solanoides 18.5 2439.5 221

Besleria_sp 22.2 2878.4 1729*

Besleria_variabilis 22.0 2752.6 68

Billia_rosea 17.5 2199.3 111*

Blakea_cuatrecasasii 21.8 2985.9 1503*

Blakea_holtonii 16.4 2030.2 13

Blakea_quadrangularis 16.2 2328.2 59

Blakea_sp 21.8 2985.9 1503*

Blakea_sp1 21.8 2985.9 1503*

Blakea_sp2 21.8 2985.9 1503*

Bonamia_trichantha 25.1 1728.3 20

Bravaisia_integerrima NA NA 0

Brosimum_alicastrum 24.8 1724.2 192

Brosimum_guianense 24.7 2683.2 248

Brosimum_guianensis 24.9 2635.1 1130*

Brosimum_rubescens 25.5 2951.7 83

Brosimum_sp 24.9 2635.1 1130*

Brosimum_sp1 24.9 2635.1 1130*

Brosimum_sp2 24.9 2635.1 1130*

Brosimum_utile 24.9 3706.4 148

Brownea_rosa-de-monte 24.7 3831.2 61

Brunellia_boqueronensis 16.5 1776.2 472*

Brunellia_goudoti 16.5 1776.2 472*

Brunellia_sibundoya 16.3 1674.2 66

Brunellia_trianae 16.4 2256.3 19

Brunfelsia_sp1 23.5 2483.2 398*

Buchenavia_pallidovirens 25.3 3220.3 10

Buchenavia_tetraphylla 23.8 2214.1 57

Bunchosia_hartwegiana 26.1 2523.8 11

Bunchosia_sp1 23.7 2322.4 413*

Bunchosia_sp2 23.7 2322.4 413*

Burmeistera_sp 18.5 2422.0 616*

Bursera_inversa 24.0 1218.8 82*

Bursera_simaruba 23.8 1826.4 28

Byrsonima_arthropoda 25.0 2519.2 113

Byrsonima_garcibarrigae 25.0 3481.0 11

Byrsonima_sp1 24.3 2212.2 718*

Byrsonima_sp2 24.3 2212.2 718*

Byrsonima_sp3 24.3 2212.2 718*

Byrsonima_sp4 24.3 2212.2 718*

Byrsonima_spicata 24.8 2188.9 107

Calathea_sp1 24.2 2933.9 1676*

Calatola_costaricensis 20.9 2320.8 225

Calophyllum_brasiliense 23.3 2522.9 229

Calophyllum_sp 23.3 2522.9 229*

Calophyllum_sp2 23.3 2522.9 229*

Calycolpus_sp1 21.2 2374.4 26*

Calycophyllum_candidissimum 25.3 3037.7 38

Calycorectes_sp1 25.1 2600.5 11*

Calyptranthes_sp1 24.8 2624.0 671*

Calyptranthes_sp2 24.8 2624.0 671*

Calyptranthes_sp3 24.8 2624.0 671*

Calyptranthes_sp4 24.8 2624.0 671*

Calyptranthes_sp5 24.8 2624.0 671*

Calyptranthes_sp6 24.8 2624.0 671*

Calyptranthes_speciosa 24.8 2750.1 73

Capparidastrum_antioquensis 25.6 1538.4 47*

Capparis_detonsa 24.0 2999.9 114

Capparis_frondosa 24.1 1726.5 1124*

Capsicum_dimorphum 15.4 1892.4 54

Cariniana_pyriformis 26.0 2793.4 29

Caryocar_amygdaliferum 26.0 2981.3 23

Caryocar_glabrum 24.5 2794.0 120

Caryodaphnopsis_fosteri 24.9 2655.4 43

Casearia_aculeata 25.1 1960.7 185

Casearia_arborea 24.2 2796.6 293

Casearia_arguta 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_commersoniana 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_corymbosa 27.0 1513.9 50

Casearia_grandiflora 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_javitensis 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_quinduensis 15.7 1529.0 34

Casearia_sp 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_sp1 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_sp2 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_sp3 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_sp4 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_sp5 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_sp6 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_sp7 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_sylvestris 23.5 2089.8 458

Casearia_ulmifolia 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Casearia_zahlbruckneri 23.7 2288.6 1323*

Cassia_moschata 26.4 3154.4 39

Cassipourea_elliptica 25.3 4064.6 55

Castilla_tunu 25.7 3310.4 37

Catostemma_digitata 24.9 3664.6 19*

Cavendishia_bracteata 15.0 1580.3 698

Cavendishia_pubescens 17.7 2323.9 1773*

Cayaponia_tubulosa 24.7 1944.2 53

Cecropia_bullata 23.6 2602.0 1287*

Cecropia_gabrielis 19.8 1993.0 20

Cecropia_membranacea 23.6 2602.0 1287*

Cecropia_obtusifolia 25.1 4220.9 87

Cecropia_peltata 24.2 2410.2 106

Cecropia_reticulata 22.2 2288.6 42

Cecropia_sp 23.6 2602.0 1287*

Cecropia_sp1 23.6 2602.0 1287*

Cecropia_sp2 23.6 2602.0 1287*

Cecropia_sp3 23.6 2602.0 1287*

Cecropia_sp4 23.6 2602.0 1287*

Cecropia_sp5 23.6 2602.0 1287*

Cecropia_sp7 23.6 2602.0 1287*

Cecropia_sp9 23.6 2602.0 1287*

Cecropia_telenitida 16.7 1921.1 55

Cedrela_odorata 23.0 2398.7 218

Ceiba_pentandra 24.4 2119.3 101

Celastrus_liebmanii 21.0 2107.9 33*

Celastrus_sp 21.0 2107.9 33*

Celtis_iguanea 23.5 1901.3 818*

Celtis_schippii 24.7 2449.4 236

Centronia_brachycera 17.8 2553.2 11

Centronia_sp1 18.6 1992.1 86*

Cespedesia_spathulata 24.3 3011.2 168

Cestrum_bigibbosum 20.6 1996.8 1952*

Cestrum_sp1 20.6 1996.8 1952*

Cestrum_sp2 20.6 1996.8 1952*

Cestrum_sp3 20.6 1996.8 1952*

Cestrum_sp4 20.6 1996.8 1952*

Chamaedorea_linearis 20.6 2289.7 515

Chamaedorea_pinnatifrons 23.6 2234.3 3154

Chamaedorea_tepejilote 23.2 2997.9 23

Chimarrhis_sp1 24.3 2822.8 230*

Chimarrhis_sp2 24.3 2822.8 230*

Chiococca_alba 22.5 2009.1 247

Chlorocardium_venenosum 25.2 3282.9 48

Chomelia_sp 24.2 2241.1 269*

Chomelia_sp1 24.2 2241.1 269*

Chondrodendron_tomentosum 25.2 2473.3 110

Chrysochlamys_colombiana 18.2 2518.4 198

Chrysochlamys_dependens 21.5 2533.8 226

Chrysochlamys_eclipes 22.2 2784.6 915*

Chrysochlamys_macrophylla 23.4 2661.8 38

Chrysochlamys_membranacea 23.9 3360.9 236

Chrysochlamys_sp 22.2 2784.6 915*

Chrysochlamys_sp1 22.2 2784.6 915*

Chrysochlamys_sp2 22.2 2784.6 915*

Chrysochlamys_sp3 22.2 2784.6 915*

Chrysochlamys_sp4 22.2 2784.6 915*

Chrysochlamys_sp5 22.2 2784.6 915*

Chrysochlamys_weberbaueri 24.0 2455.7 174

Chrysochlamys_weberbaveri 22.2 2784.6 915*

Chrysophyllum_argenteum 24.2 2508.7 218

Chrysophyllum_cainito 24.8 2177.1 20

Chrysophyllum_colombianum 23.7 2109.9 1167*

Chrysophyllum_lucentifolium 24.1 967.4 171

Chrysophyllum_sp 23.7 2109.9 1167*

Chrysophyllum_sp1 23.7 2109.9 1167*

Chrysophyllum_sp2 23.7 2109.9 1167*

Chrysophyllum_sp4 23.7 2109.9 1167*

Chrysophyllum_sp5 23.7 2109.9 1167*

Chrysophyllum_sp6 23.7 2109.9 1167*

Chrysophyllum_venezuelanense 23.2 2518.5 189

Cinchona_antioquiae 17.6 1819.8 821*

Cinchona_macrocarpa 17.6 1819.8 821*

Cinchona_officinalis 16.9 1477.7 48

Cinchona_pubescens 17.0 1731.0 357

Cinnamomum_sp 20.9 2012.8 278*

Cinnamomum_triplinerve 20.6 1835.3 198

Cissus_sycioides 23.4 2158.8 1423*

Cissus_trianae 17.3 1475.4 86

Citharexylum_sp1 18.9 1887.7 331*

Clarisia_biflora 21.7 2296.0 462

Clarisia_racemosa 24.3 2436.6 226

Clathrotropis_brachypetala 26.6 2652.3 25

Clathrotropis_brunnea 26.8 2909.5 52

Clathrotropis_sp1 26.4 2839.2 149*

Clathrotropis_sp2 26.4 2839.2 149*

Clavija_culiflora 24.5 2611.0 626*

Clavija_mezii 26.4 2754.2 26

Clavija_sp1 24.5 2611.0 626*

Clerodendron_sp NA NA 0

Clerodendrum_sp 23.9 2122.7 37*

Clethra_fagifolia 16.9 1929.2 209

Clethra_lanata 18.9 2096.7 13

Clethra_revoluta 15.7 1346.4 145

Clethra_sp 15.9 1407.8 896*

Clethra_sp2 15.9 1407.8 896*

Clethra_sp3 15.9 1407.8 896*

Clidemia_sessiliflora 21.1 2476.5 41

Clidemia_sp 24.1 3105.1 3170*

Clidemia_sp2 24.1 3105.1 3170*

Clidemia_sp3 24.1 3105.1 3170*

Clusia_alata 17.0 1688.8 236

Clusia_crenata 19.1 2405.2 79

Clusia_cretosa 21.2 2782.4 4052*

Clusia_cuneifolia 18.4 2915.4 33

Clusia_decussata 21.8 3046.5 60

Clusia_dixonii 21.1 2809.2 37

Clusia_ducoides 21.2 2782.4 4052*

Clusia_ducu 17.2 1873.0 44

Clusia_ducuoides 17.0 2190.6 165

Clusia_elliptica 15.2 1559.7 57

Clusia_hydrogera 21.6 3293.0 47

Clusia_inesiana 21.2 2782.4 4052*

Clusia_lineata 22.3 3881.3 151

Clusia_multiflora 16.0 2181.1 312

Clusia_pentandra 19.6 2435.8 16

Clusia_sp1 21.2 2782.4 4052*

Clusia_sp2 21.2 2782.4 4052*

Clusia_sp3 21.2 2782.4 4052*

Clusia_trochiformis 19.4 1822.1 114

Clytostoma_sp 24.9 2142.3 293*

Coccoloba_acuminata 25.8 2464.6 60

Coccoloba_ascendens 25.7 3401.4 15

Coccoloba_coronata 25.5 2141.1 28

Coccoloba_densifrons 25.3 2651.6 117

Coccoloba_excelsa 25.9 2950.2 13

Coccoloba_mollis 24.3 2337.8 124

Coccoloba_nutans 24.7 2227.6 793*

Coccoloba_obovata 24.6 1955.7 52

Coccoloba_padiformis 25.9 2206.6 18

Coccoloba_sp1 24.7 2227.6 793*

Coccoloba_sp2 24.7 2227.6 793*

Coccoloba_sp3 24.7 2227.6 793*

Coccoloba_sp4 24.7 2227.6 793*

Coccoloba_sp5 24.7 2227.6 793*

Coccoloba_sp6 24.7 2227.6 793*

Coccoloba_sp7 24.7 2227.6 793*

Cojoba_rufescens 25.6 2537.0 34

Combretum_decandrum 25.0 2103.4 653*

Compsoneura_anoriensis 24.8 3289.1 530*

Compsoneura_claroensis 24.8 3289.1 530*

Compsoneura_mutisii 25.2 2939.9 127

Compsoneura_sp 24.8 3289.1 530*

Compsoneura_sp1 24.8 3289.1 530*

Conceveiba_cordata 25.4 2851.7 147*

Conceveiba_parvifolia 25.4 2851.7 147*

Connarus_panamensis 25.3 2459.1 331*

Connarus_sp 25.3 2459.1 331*

Connarus_williamsii 25.3 2459.1 331*

Conostegia_montana 23.6 3032.1 65

Conostegia_sp1 23.1 3630.4 517*

Copaifera_canime 24.2 1966.1 93*

Cordia_bicolor 24.2 2327.5 80

Cordia_bogotensis 19.2 2128.3 90

Cordia_lasiocalyx 23.0 2172.3 2628*

Cordia_nodosa 24.8 2812.9 569

Cordia_panamensis 23.1 2485.4 27

Cordia_protracta 20.8 2758.2 28

Cordia_sp1 23.0 2172.3 2628*

Cordia_sp2 23.0 2172.3 2628*

Cordia_sp3 23.0 2172.3 2628*

Cordia_sp4 23.0 2172.3 2628*

Corynostylis_arborea 26.0 2672.2 78

Cosmibuena_grandiflora 22.2 2158.2 59

Couepia_platycalyx 18.8 2414.9 22

Couepia_sp1 24.9 2673.5 411*

Couepia_sp2 24.9 2673.5 411*

Couepia_sp3 24.9 2673.5 411*

Couma_macrocarpa 25.6 3372.7 123

Couroupita_guianensis 25.3 2912.4 79

Coussapoa_sp 23.5 2802.5 716*

Coussarea_antioquiana 25.8 2558.3 61

Coussarea_enneantha 24.4 6656.3 16

Coussarea_grandifolia 24.3 3161.5 11

Coussarea_paniculata 24.2 2798.0 218

Coussarea_sp 24.3 3061.1 1359*

Coussarea_sp1 24.3 3061.1 1359*

Coussarea_sp2 24.3 3061.1 1359*

Coussarea_sp3 24.3 3061.1 1359*

Coussarea_sp4 24.3 3061.1 1359*

Coutarea_hexandra 24.4 1783.0 105

Crepidospermum_rhoifolium 25.5 3337.8 149

Croton_billbergianus 22.5 1843.5 1504*

Croton_fragrans 22.5 1843.5 1504*

Croton_killipianus 25.0 3175.8 25

Croton_magdalenensis 22.5 1843.5 1504*

Croton_smithianus 22.8 2618.3 15

Croton_sp 22.5 1843.5 1504*

Croton_sp1 22.5 1843.5 1504*

Croton_sp3 22.5 1843.5 1504*

Cuatresia_garciae 21.0 2555.9 218*

Cuatresia_riparia 20.1 2319.2 101

Cupania_americana 20.6 2084.0 96

Cupania_hirsuta 22.9 2181.6 527*

Cupania_hispida 26.4 2840.9 14

Cupania_latifolia 23.3 2082.0 108

Cupania_scrobiculata 22.9 2181.6 527*

Cupania_sp1 22.9 2181.6 527*

Cupania_sp2 22.9 2181.6 527*

Curarea_cuatrecasasii 25.9 3858.2 14

Cyathea_ 19.6 2238.4 2734*

Cyathea_andicola 21.6 3265.2 47

Cyathea_caracasana 16.6 1722.6 356

Cyathea_caracascana 19.6 2238.4 2734*

Cyathea_corallifera 19.6 2238.4 2734*

Cyathea_delgadii 18.0 1622.1 162

Cyathea_divergens 17.1 2174.2 57

Cyathea_ebenina 17.8 2166.1 12

Cyathea_fulva 19.6 2238.4 2734*

Cyathea_maxonii 19.6 2238.4 2734*

Cyathea_meridensis 16.9 2135.3 13

Cyathea_multiflora 22.1 2684.3 53

Cyathea_nigripes 21.0 3350.9 30

Cyathea_sp 19.6 2238.4 2734*

Cyathea_sp1 19.6 2238.4 2734*

Cyathea_sp2 19.6 2238.4 2734*

Cyathea_suprastigosa 19.6 2238.4 2734*

Cybianthus_iteoides 12.6 1706.1 111

Cybianthus_laurifolius 16.5 2454.5 60

Cybianthus_pastensis 15.8 1862.5 180

Cybianthus_poeppigii 22.0 3151.7 74

Cybianthus_schlimii 22.1 3037.0 72

Cybianthus_sp 20.1 2436.5 1704*

Cybianthus_sp1 20.1 2436.5 1704*

Cybianthus_sp2 20.1 2436.5 1704*

Cybianthus_sp3 20.1 2436.5 1704*

Cybianthus_venezuelanus 22.8 2780.1 114

Cydista_aequinoctialis 24.9 2125.2 258*

Cymbopetalum_lanugipetalum 25.5 3479.1 12

Cymbopetalum_sanchezii 24.8 2638.2 131*

Cymbopetalum_sp 24.8 2638.2 131*

Cynometra_bauhiniifolia 25.3 1593.9 47

Cynometra_schottiana 25.7 2090.6 81*

Dacryodes_acuptipyrena 23.9 3460.3 374*

Dacryodes_belemensis 23.8 2338.6 17

Dacryodes_peruviana 23.8 3433.7 184

Dacryodes_sp1 23.9 3460.3 374*

Dacryodes_sp2 23.9 3460.3 374*

Dalbergia_sp1 24.8 2268.9 376*

Dalbergia_sp2 24.8 2268.9 376*

Daphnopsis_sp 18.1 1914.7 138*

Dendrobangia_boliviana 25.2 2979.1 134

Dendropanax_arboreus 23.9 2361.8 272

Dendropanax_macrophyllus 19.2 2311.6 46

Dendropanax_sp1 23.6 2422.0 559*

Dendropanax_sp2 23.6 2422.0 559*

Desmoncus_orthacanthos 26.2 2612.5 198

Desmoncus_sp 26.3 2729.5 4451*

Dialium_guianense 25.5 3199.5 240

Dialium_guianensis 25.5 3199.5 240*

Dichapetalum_axillare 24.4 2734.1 131*

Dichapetalum_bernallii 24.4 2734.1 131*

Dicksonia_sp 15.2 1532.7 232*

Dilkea_sp1 25.4 3056.6 123*

Dilodendron_costaricense 24.1 1452.4 51*

Dilodendron_sp1 24.1 1452.4 51*

Dimorphandra_macrostachya 26.0 2896.4 11

Dioicodendron_dioicum 16.9 2012.3 87

Diospyros_artanthifolia 25.2 2481.3 120

Diospyros_digyna 24.9 2370.8 434*

Diospyros_sp 24.9 2370.8 434*

Diospyros_vestita 24.9 2370.8 434*

Dipteryx_oleifera 26.2 4066.3 22

Diptychandra_colombiana 23.8 1333.2 52*

Discophora_guianensis NA NA 0

Doliocarpus_dentatus 24.8 2392.6 219

Doliocarpus_major 26.1 2929.2 57

Doliocarpus_multiflorus 24.9 3433.6 65

Doliocarpus_nitidus 25.2 2701.6 538*

Doliocarpus_sp 25.2 2701.6 538*

Drimys_granadensis 13.8 1476.8 156

Duguetia_antioquensis 25.2 2529.9 988*

Duguetia_caniflora 25.2 2529.9 988*

Duguetia_colombiana 27.0 2348.4 13

Duguetia_gentryi 25.6 3139.0 10

Duguetia_sp1 25.2 2529.9 988*

Duguetia_sp2 25.2 2529.9 988*

Duguetia_vallicola 25.2 2529.9 988*

Dussia_lehmannii 22.8 4052.1 58

Dussia_sp1 22.7 3374.7 158*

Dystovomita_paniculata 23.9 4416.3 25

Dystovomita_sp1 24.7 4965.7 41*

Dystovomita_sp2 24.7 4965.7 41*

Dystovomita_sp3 24.7 4965.7 41*

Ecclinusa_lanceolata 25.1 2944.6 92

Elaeagia_karstenii 18.8 2175.4 22

Elaeagia_myriantha 19.5 2202.3 47

Elaeagia_pastoensis 20.6 3067.6 72

Elaeagia_sp1 19.8 2291.1 564*

Elaeagia_sp2 19.8 2291.1 564*

Elaeagia_sp3 19.8 2291.1 564*

Elaeagia_utilis 18.3 2041.8 152

Endlicheria_colombiana 23.8 2616.4 1353*

Endlicheria_metallica 23.9 2366.8 74

Endlicheria_sp 23.8 2616.4 1353*

Endlicheria_sp1 23.8 2616.4 1353*

Endlicheria_sp2 23.8 2616.4 1353*

Endlicheria_sp3 23.8 2616.4 1353*

Endlicheria_tschudyana 24.5 3164.4 11

Enterolobium_contortisiliquum 22.5 1108.3 46

Enterolobium_cyclocarpum 24.1 2266.0 37

Enterolobium_schomburgkii 25.0 2113.8 42

Enterolobium_sp1 23.9 1953.1 156*

Ephedranthus_colombianus 27.1 2290.8 18

Eriotheca_globosa 24.5 2284.8 68

Erythroxylum_citrifolium 22.8 2517.9 236

Erythroxylum_gracilipes 24.8 2806.2 125

Erythroxylum_macrophyllum 24.8 2797.5 98

Escallonia_paniculata 16.6 1576.1 34

Eschweilera_albiflora 26.2 2671.3 88

Eschweilera_antioquensis 19.6 2148.2 125

Eschweilera_calyculata 24.6 2953.2 2118*

Eschweilera_caudiculata 20.5 2652.2 117

Eschweilera_coriacea 25.4 2877.3 787

Eschweilera_integrifolia 25.0 3518.0 51

Eschweilera_microcalyx 24.6 2953.2 2118*

Eschweilera_panamensis 25.1 6408.7 21

Eschweilera_sessilis 21.9 2346.1 34

Eschweilera_sp1 24.6 2953.2 2118*

Eschweilera_sp2 24.6 2953.2 2118*

Eschweilera_sp3 24.6 2953.2 2118*

Eschweilera_sp4 24.6 2953.2 2118*

Eugenia_biflora 22.5 1932.3 72

Eugenia_dittocrepis 24.4 2450.8 13

Eugenia_florida 23.5 2199.4 373

Eugenia_frorida 23.7 2190.0 1860*

Eugenia_principium 23.7 2190.0 1860*

Eugenia_sp1 23.7 2190.0 1860*

Eugenia_sp2 23.7 2190.0 1860*

Eugenia_sp3 23.7 2190.0 1860*

Eugenia_sp4 23.7 2190.0 1860*

Eugenia_sp5 23.7 2190.0 1860*

Eugenia_sp6 23.7 2190.0 1860*

Eugenia_sp8 23.7 2190.0 1860*

Eugenia_sp9 23.7 2190.0 1860*

Euplassa_duquei 20.3 2854.4 36*

Euterpe_precatoria 25.9 2751.1 23991

Fairchildia_panamensis NA NA 0

Faramea_capillipes 22.4 3007.0 2010*

Faramea_eurycarpa 24.5 4247.5 23

Faramea_flavicans 16.0 1633.9 103

Faramea_luteovirens 22.4 3007.0 2010*

Faramea_multiflora 24.3 2578.4 39

Faramea_oblongifolia 19.3 2595.0 133

Faramea_occidentalis 24.2 1882.5 161

Faramea_parvibractea 23.3 3902.1 35

Faramea_sessiliflora 22.4 3007.0 2010*

Faramea_sp1 22.4 3007.0 2010*

Ficus_americana 22.5 2390.7 460

Ficus_andicola 18.1 2033.5 49

Ficus_bullenei 22.9 2351.8 4844*

Ficus_crasssiuscula 22.9 2351.8 4844*

Ficus_donnell-smithii 25.5 2804.5 43

Ficus_hartwegii 23.5 3036.7 90

Ficus_insipida 24.1 2317.4 251

Ficus_macbridei 22.8 2699.7 100

Ficus_mathewsii 22.9 2351.8 4844*

Ficus_maxima 24.0 2562.1 448

Ficus_mutisii 18.8 2332.5 59

Ficus_obtusifolia 23.8 1934.5 126

Ficus_popenoei 25.5 3112.4 27

Ficus_radula 22.9 2351.8 4844*

Ficus_schippii 23.4 3253.0 152

Ficus_sp1 22.9 2351.8 4844*

Ficus_sp2 22.9 2351.8 4844*

Ficus_sp3 22.9 2351.8 4844*

Ficus_sp4 22.9 2351.8 4844*

Ficus_tovarensis 22.9 2351.8 4844*

Florida_florida NA NA 0

Forsteronia_affinis 24.2 2038.5 341*

Forsteronia_chiriquensis 24.2 2038.5 341*

Freziera_arbutifolia 15.8 2071.5 15

Freziera_chrysophylla 16.9 2046.7 16

Freziera_punctata 15.9 1664.8 378*

Freziera_sp1 15.9 1664.8 378*

Freziera_sp2 15.9 1664.8 378*

Freziera_verrucosa 16.0 1805.6 70

Fusaea_longifolia 25.7 2747.2 102

Garcinia_intermedia 25.3 2938.6 19

Garcinia_madruno 24.4 2580.2 228

Garcinia_magnifolia 26.1 4976.4 17

Garcinia_recondita 24.4 2474.4 429*

Garcinia_sp1 24.4 2474.4 429*

Garcinia_sp2 24.4 2474.4 429*

Geissanthus_betancurii 15.6 1795.1 589*

Geissanthus_occidentalis 15.5 2302.3 40

Geissanthus_sp1 15.6 1795.1 589*

Genipa_americana 25.0 2509.2 335

Geonoma_deversa 25.3 2687.8 21044

Geonoma_interrupta 24.6 2799.8 1017

Geonoma_jussieuana 16.2 2182.5 537

Geonoma_orbignyana 15.6 2107.7 464

Geonoma_sp 25.4 2670.6 95622*

Geonoma_sp1 25.4 2670.6 95622*

Geonoma_undata 18.4 1549.9 1994

Gloeospermum_longifolium 25.1 2885.2 68

Gloeospermum_sphaerocarpum 25.4 2801.7 147

Glossoloma_schultzei 19.4 2582.3 71

Glossoloma_tetragonoides 18.2 2767.5 186

Godmania_aesculifolia 25.6 2349.1 10

Godoya_antioquensis 21.4 2295.7 27*

Gonzalagunia_cornifolia 23.2 2972.0 206

Goodmania_aesculifolia NA NA 0

Gordonia_fruticosa 17.4 1669.0 232

Gordonia_pubescens 17.4 1611.8 216*

Goupia_glabra 25.8 3218.2 55

Graffenrieda_emarginata 18.4 1621.9 73

Graffenrieda_galeottii 22.9 3369.2 30

Graffenrieda_gracilis 22.3 3079.0 81

Graffenrieda_latifolia 20.7 2268.5 628*

Graffenrieda_micrantha 20.7 2268.5 628*

Grias_haughtii 26.2 3863.5 19

Guapira_costaricana 22.9 2881.1 41

Guapira_sp 23.5 2259.4 104*

Guapira_sp1 23.5 2259.4 104*

Guapira_sp2 23.5 2259.4 104*

Guarea_cartaguenya 24.4 2583.1 51

Guarea_glabra 24.0 2544.8 136

Guarea_grandifolia 24.0 2633.7 3562*

Guarea_guidonia 24.2 2279.0 339

Guarea_kunthiana 22.7 2502.7 1058

Guarea_macrophylla 24.5 2586.4 720

Guarea_pterorhachis 24.3 2771.0 255

Guarea_pyriformis 24.9 4404.8 10

Guarea_sp1 24.0 2633.7 3562*

Guarea_sp2 24.0 2633.7 3562*

Guarea_sp3 24.0 2633.7 3562*

Guatteria_aberrans 24.0 2602.5 2125*

Guatteria_asplundiana 24.0 2602.5 2125*

Guatteria_cargadero 24.6 2734.1 54

Guatteria_cestrifolia 25.9 2740.9 30

Guatteria_columbiana 25.2 5987.0 29

Guatteria_goudotiana 19.2 2327.6 28

Guatteria_lehmannii 24.0 2602.5 2125*

Guatteria_megalophylla 25.5 2650.7 225

Guatteria_recurvisepala 24.9 3052.7 78

Guatteria_schomburgkiana 25.3 2351.4 53

Guatteria_scytophylla 25.3 2434.2 44

Guatteria_sp1 24.0 2602.5 2125*

Guatteria_sp2 24.0 2602.5 2125*

Guatteria_sp3 24.0 2602.5 2125*

Guatteria_sp4 24.0 2602.5 2125*

Guatteria_sp5 24.0 2602.5 2125*

Guatteria_sp6 24.0 2602.5 2125*

Guatteria_sp7 24.0 2602.5 2125*

Guatteria_tonduzii 26.1 2880.4 12

Guazuma_ulmifolia 24.4 1537.7 383

Guettarda_acreana 20.9 2284.5 600*

Guettarda_crispiflora 19.6 2484.1 346

Guettarda_foliosa 20.9 2284.5 600*

Guettarda_roupalifolia 20.8 2512.1 11

Guettarda_sp1 20.9 2284.5 600*

Gurania_sp 23.8 2712.5 886*

Gustavia_dubia 26.5 3993.6 18

Gustavia_gracillimaæ 24.7 2766.2 896*

Gustavia_nana 24.7 2766.2 896*

Gustavia_poeppigiana 26.1 2764.5 21

Gustavia_romeroi 24.7 2766.2 896*

Gustavia_sp 24.7 2766.2 896*

Gustavia_speciosa 23.3 2560.3 101

Gustavia_superba 23.4 2708.1 67

Hamelia_patens 23.4 2443.9 571

Hampea_punctulata 22.1 2347.6 24*

Hasseltia_floribunda NA NA 0

Hasseltia_lateriflora NA NA 0

Hebeclinium_phoenicticum 15.1 2048.9 24

Hebepetalum_humiriifolium 25.9 3035.8 54

Hedyosmum_bonplandianum 17.2 2078.9 193

Hedyosmum_cuatrecazanum 15.6 1654.5 69

Hedyosmum_gentryi 16.4 1710.5 1822*

Hedyosmum_goudotianum 15.5 1881.7 89

Hedyosmum_racemosum 17.7 1682.1 435

Hedyosmum_translucidum 14.5 1457.4 100

Heisteria_acuminata 24.3 2927.1 635

Heisteria_latifolia 24.2 2900.9 658*

Heisteria_sp1 24.2 2900.9 658*

Heisteria_sp2 24.2 2900.9 658*

Helianthostylis_sprucei 24.3 2938.3 62

Helicostylis_tomentosa 24.1 2743.5 113*

Helicostylis_tovarensis 20.8 2654.3 34

Heliocarpus_americanus 21.2 2115.9 337

Henriettea_fissanthera 25.5 2866.2 123*

Henriettella_sp 23.9 3168.5 389*

Henriettella_sp1 23.9 3168.5 389*

Henriettella_sp2 23.9 3168.5 389*

Henriettella_sp3 23.9 3168.5 389*

Henriettella_trachyphylla 19.0 2694.4 43

Hernandia_didymantha 24.2 3670.6 27

Herrania_balaensis 24.2 2357.8 24

Herrania_laciniifolia 25.2 2606.3 13

Herrania_purpurea 25.1 3262.0 12

Herrania_sp1 25.1 3062.6 237*

Herrania_sp2 25.1 3062.6 237*

Hieronyma_alchorneoides 23.8 2518.8 332

Hieronyma_antioquensis 17.3 2131.6 11

Hieronyma_duckei 21.0 2305.2 654*

Hieronyma_duquei 19.1 2634.2 89

Hieronyma_oblonga 21.0 2305.2 654*

Hieronyma_scabrida 21.0 2305.2 654*

Hieronyma_sp1 21.0 2305.2 654*

Hieronyma_sp2 21.0 2305.2 654*

Hieronyma_sp3 21.0 2305.2 654*

Himatanthus_articulatus 26.2 3283.2 25

Hippocratea_sp1 24.5 1933.0 203*

Hippotis_sp 23.8 2971.2 340*

Hippotis_sp1 23.8 2971.2 340*

Hiraea_reclinata 24.5 2501.9 206*

Hiraea_sp1 24.5 2501.9 206*

Hirtella_bicornis 25.1 2748.6 43

Hirtella_mutisii 24.3 2989.4 53

Hirtella_racemosa 25.5 2485.2 281

Hirtella_sp1 24.7 2434.4 1233*

Hirtella_sp2 24.7 2434.4 1233*

Hirtella_sp3 24.7 2434.4 1233*

Hoffmannia_viridis 22.6 2692.7 41

Hortia_brasiliana 24.6 3312.0 14

Huberodendron_patinoi 23.5 3076.0 28

Huertea_granadina 22.1 2399.7 192*

Huertea_sp 22.1 2399.7 192*

Humiriastrum_colombianum 25.2 2789.5 13

Humiriastrum_sp 23.4 2808.4 110*

Hura_crepitans 24.6 2056.5 126

Hybanthus_prunifolius 25.7 2158.1 15

Hydrangea_peruviana 17.4 1915.2 149

Hymenaea_oblongifolia 24.9 3050.7 85

Hyospathe_elegans 25.6 3030.4 9019

Hyptidendron_arboreum 21.4 2164.0 32

Ilex_danielis 17.3 1830.2 10

Ilex_laurina 18.2 2024.5 78

Ilex_nervosa 17.0 1709.2 29

Ilex_pernervata 12.5 1949.9 12

Ilex_pustulosa 18.1 1778.8 1197*

Ilex_sp1 18.1 1778.8 1197*

Ilex_sp2 18.1 1778.8 1197*

Ilex_sp3 18.1 1778.8 1197*

Ilex_sp4 18.1 1778.8 1197*

Inga_acrocephala 23.8 2788.5 96

Inga_acuminata 23.9 3053.5 28

Inga_alba 24.4 2619.2 224

Inga_edulis 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_goldmanii 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_heterophylla 24.0 2158.7 131

Inga_jefensis 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_lallensis 17.0 1931.7 54

Inga_macrophylla 23.7 2428.4 92

Inga_marginata 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_multijuga 23.5 3790.6 34

Inga_nobilis 24.0 2486.7 484

Inga_oerstediana 22.2 2345.4 201

Inga_pezizifera 24.1 2994.9 94

Inga_saffordiana 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sapindoides 23.8 2534.3 115

Inga_sertulifera 24.6 3331.3 77

Inga_sierrae 18.0 2074.4 23

Inga_sp 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp1 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp10 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp11 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp12 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp13 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp14 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp15 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp16 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp17 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp2 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp3 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp5 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp6 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp7 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp8 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_sp9 23.6 2575.6 7714*

Inga_thibaudiana 24.2 2592.2 276

Inga_umbellifera 24.4 2642.3 184

Inga_venusta 23.6 3429.6 54

Inga_vera 23.5 1869.7 122

Inga_villosissima 19.4 2335.6 49

Ipomoea_philomega 25.0 3041.1 150

Iriartea_sp 25.1 2602.3 20012*

Iryanthera_ 25.6 2944.3 1936*

Iryanthera_lancifolia 25.8 3221.8 86

Iryanthera_sp2 25.6 2944.3 1936*

Iryanthera_ulei 25.8 3162.0 387

Isertia_sp 23.9 3060.5 645*

Isidodendron_tripterocarpum NA NA 0

Jacaranda_caucana 24.0 2425.6 38

Jacaranda_copaia 24.5 2606.2 204

Jacaranda_hesperia 25.3 3732.3 53

Juglans_neotropica 15.6 1141.4 107

Klarobelia_anomala 26.1 3552.3 39

Lacistema_aggregatum 23.7 2434.4 581

Lacistema_sp1 23.9 2497.1 705*

Lacmellea_edulis 25.6 3186.0 57

Lacmellea_panamensis 25.8 3503.3 19

Lacunaria_jenmanii 25.7 2848.7 49

Lacunaria_panamensis 25.7 2848.7 49*

Ladenbergia_macrocarpa 17.4 2099.8 215

Ladenbergia_magdalenae 25.2 2906.7 12

Ladenbergia_muzonensis 24.5 3109.2 54

Ladenbergia_oblongifolia 21.6 2120.3 270

Ladenbergia_sp 21.1 2246.1 899*

Ladenbergia_sp2 21.1 2246.1 899*

Laetia_procera 25.2 2818.8 103

Lecythis_ampla 22.0 3013.2 20

Leonia_glycycarpa 24.8 2699.8 427

Leonia_occidentalis 24.3 3332.9 37

Leonia_triandra 24.8 3031.7 100

Leonia_triandria 25.0 2772.2 1012*

Leretia_cordata 25.3 2596.9 122

Licania_apetala 25.6 2664.3 106

Licania_fasciculata 25.0 2753.3 1365*

Licania_hypoleuca 24.7 2966.5 21

Licania_parviflora 25.0 2753.3 1365*

Licania_sp1 25.0 2753.3 1365*

Licania_sp2 25.0 2753.3 1365*

Licania_sp3 25.0 2753.3 1365*

Licania_sp4 25.0 2753.3 1365*

Licania_sp5 25.0 2753.3 1365*

Licania_sp6 25.0 2753.3 1365*

Licania_sp7 25.0 2753.3 1365*

Licaria_applanata 18.9 1910.4 27

Licaria_sp 23.8 2435.0 381*

Licaria_sp3 23.8 2435.0 381*

Lindackeria_laurina 26.2 3241.6 54

Lindackeria_sp1 25.8 2786.4 333*

Lonchocarpus_macrophyllus 24.5 1965.1 302*

Lonchocarpus_sp2 24.5 1965.1 302*

Lozania_mutisiana 20.1 2685.9 123

Luehea_seemannii 25.8 4480.8 64

Lunania_parviflora 25.0 2367.0 304

Lycianthes_pauciflora 23.6 3203.7 171

Lycianthes_sp1 20.4 2090.6 1192*

Mabea_occidentalis 26.1 3108.7 146

Machaerium_acuminatum 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_biovulatum 21.8 2008.5 21

Machaerium_capote 26.2 2158.2 45

Machaerium_lanceolatum 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_microphyllum 26.3 1729.3 12

Machaerium_mutisii 25.3 2876.8 30

Machaerium_sp1 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_sp10 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_sp2 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_sp3 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_sp4 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_sp5 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_sp6 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_sp7 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_sp8 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Machaerium_sp9 24.0 1965.9 1061*

Maclura_tinctoria 23.9 1767.2 223

Macrocarpaea_macrophylla 17.2 2216.7 71

Macrohasseltia_macroterantha NA NA 0

Macrolobium_colombianum 21.7 2621.1 44

Macrolobium_gracile 24.1 2557.0 97

Macrolobium_pittieri 26.1 5510.5 32

Macrolobium_sp 25.3 3096.9 851*

Macrolobium_sp1 25.3 3096.9 851*

Macrolobium_sp2 25.3 3096.9 851*

Magnolia_espinalii 21.9 2644.3 147*

Magnolia_silvioi 21.9 2644.3 147*

Magnolia_sp 21.9 2644.3 147*

Magnolia_urraoensis 21.9 2644.3 147*

Magnolia_yarumalensis 21.9 2644.3 147*

Malmea_dimera 25.2 2488.6 26*

Malmea_sp 25.2 2488.6 26*

Malouetia_guatemalensis 26.5 2538.5 14

Malouetia_sp 26.1 3095.2 145*

Manekia_sydowii 23.8 3011.3 14*

Manilkara_chicle 24.9 2619.3 100*

Mansoa_kerere 24.7 2316.3 352*

Mansoa_sp 24.7 2316.3 352*

Maprounea_guianensis 24.5 2107.6 81

Maquira_guianensis 23.7 2822.3 127

Marcgravia_caudata 21.1 3300.3 20

Margaritaria_nobilis 24.6 2454.6 346

Marila_laxiflora 23.9 3592.8 14*

Marila_podantha 23.9 3592.8 14*

Marila_sp1 23.9 3592.8 14*

Marila_sp2 23.9 3592.8 14*

Maripa_panamensis 25.4 3808.7 54

Maripa_sp 25.6 3145.5 330*

Markea_ulei 25.5 2789.0 113

Marlierea_sp 26.1 2592.8 110*

Martinella_obovata 25.1 2549.2 127

Mascagnia_dissimilis 25.8 2875.5 28

Mascagnia_ovatifolia 25.6 1972.9 20

Mascagnia_sp1 24.5 1986.1 363*

Matayba_adenanthera 25.9 2961.2 19

Matayba_arborescens 24.3 2230.4 52

Matayba_camptoneura 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matayba_elegans 23.5 2681.8 16

Matayba_macrolepis 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matayba_purgans 25.7 2551.8 31

Matayba_sp 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matayba_sp1 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matayba_sp2 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matayba_sp3 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matayba_sp4 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matayba_sp5 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matayba_sp6 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matayba_sp7 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matayba_sp8 24.5 2357.5 376*

Matelea_sp1 23.2 2314.4 165*

Matisia_cordata 24.4 2628.9 96

Matisia_floccosa 24.3 3020.3 1524*

Matisia_idroboi 24.5 3377.7 92

Matisia_intricata 26.0 2686.2 12

Matisia_ochocalyx 24.3 3020.3 1524*

Matisia_sp1 24.3 3020.3 1524*

Matisia_sp2 24.3 3020.3 1524*

Matisia_sp3 24.3 3020.3 1524*

Matudaea_colombiana 19.5 2413.4 40

Mauria_ferruginea 15.8 2039.7 44

Mayna_grandifolia 25.8 2568.8 61

Mayna_odorata 24.9 2818.4 482

Mayna_Odorata 25.0 2798.5 640*

Mayna_sp1 25.0 2798.5 640*

Mayna_sp2 25.0 2798.5 640*

Maytenus_macrocarpa 23.5 2444.7 103

Maytenus_sp 21.3 1604.9 554*

Maytenus_sp1 21.3 1604.9 554*

Maytenus_sp2 21.3 1604.9 554*

Maytenus_sp3 21.3 1604.9 554*

Meliosma_glossophylla 20.3 2161.8 655*

Meliosma_sp1 20.3 2161.8 655*

Meliosma_sp2 20.3 2161.8 655*

Meliosma_sp3 20.3 2161.8 655*

Meliosma_sp4 20.3 2161.8 655*

Meliosma_violacea 17.0 2089.6 30

Memora_aspericarpa 25.4 2998.8 533*

Mendoncia_orbicularis 21.4 2469.5 22

Mendoncia_sp1 24.3 2539.7 648*

Meriania_albertiae 19.1 3472.1 10

Meriania_antioquensis 16.5 1740.4 972*

Meriania_mutisii 16.5 1740.4 972*

Meriania_silverstonei 16.5 1740.4 972*

Meriania_sp1 16.5 1740.4 972*

Meriania_sp2 16.5 1740.4 972*

Meriania_sp3 16.5 1740.4 972*

Meriania_sp4 16.5 1740.4 972*

Mezilaurus_glaucophylla 25.4 2482.1 64*

Miconia_ 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_acanthocoryne 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_affinis 24.4 3105.1 326

Miconia_alternans 25.6 3101.9 31

Miconia_aponeura 25.2 3409.2 47

Miconia_asperrima 15.8 1887.3 104

Miconia_benthamiana 21.8 3567.8 54

Miconia_caesia 15.7 2011.5 13

Miconia_caudata 19.4 2159.9 173

Miconia_centrodesma 23.4 3010.2 207

Miconia_crassinervia 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_curvipetiolata 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_dodecandra 21.0 2314.5 128

Miconia_dolichopoda 13.8 1482.6 27

Miconia_elata 24.9 3046.5 78

Miconia_floribunda 16.6 1846.8 64

Miconia_fragrans 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_frontinoana 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_gracilis 23.7 3748.6 94

Miconia_incachacana 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_jahnii 13.5 1582.7 91

Miconia_killipii 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_laetivirens 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_lamprophylla 24.0 2794.1 57

Miconia_lehmannii 17.0 2352.0 157

Miconia_lonchophylla 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_longifolia 24.3 2680.8 122

Miconia_magdalenae 25.8 3146.9 29

Miconia_matthaei 24.0 2423.6 78

Miconia_microcarpa 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_minutiflora 23.6 2624.5 290

Miconia_mirabilis 21.6 3549.2 11

Miconia_multiplinervia 16.5 2492.3 24

Miconia_notabilis 18.4 2187.3 82

Miconia_orescia 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_plena 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_poeppigii 24.0 2432.6 57

Miconia_prasina 23.1 2530.7 280

Miconia_pterocaulon 24.9 3000.2 36

Miconia_quintuplinervia 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_reducens 24.9 5348.3 93

Miconia_resima 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sandemanii 14.8 2538.4 19

Miconia_serrulata 24.7 3055.4 281

Miconia_smaragdina 20.5 3437.8 142

Miconia_sp 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp1 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp10 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp11 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp12 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp2 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp3 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp4 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp5 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp6 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp7 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp8 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_sp9 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_spicellata 24.5 2452.4 41

Miconia_superposita 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_theaezans 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_theizans 15.5 1645.9 520

Miconia_tomentosa 25.0 2943.0 162

Miconia_tonduzii 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_trinervia 23.8 2993.6 277

Miconia_wurdacki 19.8 2269.9 15965*

Miconia_wurdackii 14.9 1851.2 34

Micropholis_egensis 25.2 2720.3 140

Micropholis_guyanensis 24.9 2631.0 245

Micropholis_venulosa 24.7 2902.5 264

Mikania_banisteriae 20.4 2460.1 270

Mikania_miconioides 21.5 2361.3 887*

Mikania_sp1 21.5 2361.3 887*

Mikania_sp2 21.5 2361.3 887*

Mikania_sp3 21.5 2361.3 887*

Minquartia_guianensis 24.5 2879.4 283

Mollinedia_campanulacea 22.2 2325.8 750*

Mollinedia_minutiflora 22.2 2325.8 750*

Mollinedia_sp 22.2 2325.8 750*

Mollinedia_sp1 22.2 2325.8 750*

Mollinedia_sp2 22.2 2325.8 750*

Mollinedia_tomentosa 20.7 2395.5 30

Monnina_solandraefolia 16.8 2588.1 19

Morus_insignis 16.8 1463.2 135

Mosannona_hypoglauca 24.7 2518.6 139*

Mosannona_maculata 24.7 2518.6 139*

Mouriri_colombiana 26.7 2376.6 30

Mouriri_completens 25.0 2528.4 608*

Mouriri_grandiflora 25.2 2825.4 98

Mouriri_myrtilloides 24.4 1725.5 121

Mouriri_nigra 25.2 2706.2 47

Moutabea_gentryi 24.8 2299.0 103*

Myrcia_coumete 21.7 1989.9 1870*

Myrcia_fallax 22.5 2137.1 239

Myrcia_florida 21.7 1989.9 1870*

Myrcia_paivae 21.6 2060.2 165

Myrcia_popayanensis 17.5 1808.9 317

Myrcia_sellowiana 21.7 1989.9 1870*

Myrcia_sp1 21.7 1989.9 1870*

Myrcia_sp2 21.7 1989.9 1870*

Myrcia_sp3 21.7 1989.9 1870*

Myrcia_sp4 21.7 1989.9 1870*

Myrcia_sp5 21.7 1989.9 1870*

Myrcia_splendens 22.5 2178.6 164

Myrcia_subobliqua 21.7 1989.9 1870*

Myrcianthes_rhopaloides 13.6 1264.8 157

Myrcianthes_sp1 15.5 1185.8 527*

Myrciaria_floribunda 23.3 2041.1 103

Myriocarpa_stipitata 22.0 1942.2 170

Myrsine_coriacea 16.7 1719.0 740

Myrsine_guianensis 18.2 1855.5 201

Myrsine_pellucido-punctata 15.6 1566.7 1616*

Myrsine_sp1 15.6 1566.7 1616*

Naucleopsis_glabra 25.4 2768.7 227

Naucleopsis_sp 25.1 2851.6 898*

Naucleopsis_sp1 25.1 2851.6 898*

Naucleopsis_ulei 24.4 2838.0 191

Nectandra_acutifolia 19.7 2176.4 203

Nectandra_laurel 17.4 1515.5 125

Nectandra_membranacea 21.2 2343.6 301

Nectandra_reticulata 20.1 1927.4 233

Nectandra_sp1 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp10 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp11 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp2 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp21 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp3 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp4 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp5 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp6 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp7 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp8 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Nectandra_sp9 21.8 2121.1 2701*

Neea_amplifolia 24.8 2437.6 33

Neea_divaricata 25.0 2790.0 314

Neea_macrophylla 24.8 2603.3 1360*

Neea_parviflora 25.4 3118.2 68

Neea_sp 24.8 2603.3 1360*

Neea_sp1 24.8 2603.3 1360*

Neea_sp2 24.8 2603.3 1360*

Neea_sp3 24.8 2603.3 1360*

Neoptychocarpus_chocoensis 25.6 6456.4 27

Notopleura_macrophylla 20.0 2468.5 194

Ocotea_aciphylla 22.4 2314.9 364

Ocotea_aurantiodora 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_balanocarpa 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_duquei 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_floribunda 20.2 2358.8 128

Ocotea_guianensis 20.8 1986.6 71

Ocotea_ira 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_jelskii 17.4 1448.0 25

Ocotea_leucoxylon 24.8 3163.2 49

Ocotea_macrophylla 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_macropoda 18.4 2013.4 14

Ocotea_micans 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_oblonga 22.4 2328.0 105

Ocotea_puberula 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_rufa 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sericea 14.7 1669.9 38

Ocotea_smithiana 16.0 1642.5 23

Ocotea_sp 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp1 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp10 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp12 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp13 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp14 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp15 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp16 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp17 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp18 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp19 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp2 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp20 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp22 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp23 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp24 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp28 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp29 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp2R 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp3 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp30 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp31 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp32 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp33 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp34 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp35 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp4 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp5 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp58 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp6 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp7 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp8 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Ocotea_sp9 21.8 2224.2 2880*

Odontadenia_verrucosa 25.6 2928.9 79

Oenocarpus_bataua 25.8 3249.1 52097

Oenocarpus_minor 26.5 6878.7 1066

Oenocarpus_sp 25.9 3221.0 61796*

Omphalea_diandra 25.0 2543.5 111

Oreopanax_incisus 14.1 1435.9 1191*

Oreopanax_sp1 14.1 1435.9 1191*

Oreopanax_sp2 14.1 1435.9 1191*

Ormosia_antioquensis 23.9 2342.8 222*

Ormosia_corcovada 23.9 2342.8 222*

Ormosia_cuatrecasasii 23.9 2342.8 222*

Ormosia_paraensis 26.9 2797.6 16

Ormosia_sp 23.9 2342.8 222*

Ormosia_sp1 23.9 2342.8 222*

Ormosia_sp2 23.9 2342.8 222*

Orphanodendron_sp1 26.8 4195.8 19*

Orthaea_glandulifera 20.0 2968.6 17

Ossaea_robusta 22.3 3866.7 110

Otoba_novogranatensis 23.4 3283.4 104

Ouratea_amplifolia 25.9 2317.0 19

Ouratea_castaneifolia 24.9 1926.5 24

Ouratea_lucens 26.6 4279.6 11

Ouratea_rubricyanea 25.1 2449.6 420*

Ouratea_sp 25.1 2449.6 420*

Ouratea_sp1 25.1 2449.6 420*

Ouratea_sp2 25.1 2449.6 420*

Ouratea_sp3 25.1 2449.6 420*

Ouratea_sp4 25.1 2449.6 420*

Oxandra_longipetala 25.3 2643.2 572*

Oxandra_panamensis 25.3 2643.2 572*

Oxandra_sp1 25.3 2643.2 572*

Oxandra_sp2 25.3 2643.2 572*

Oxandra_sp3 25.3 2643.2 572*

Oxandra_venezuelana 25.3 2643.2 572*

Pachira_dugandeana 25.0 2674.9 304*

Pachira_sp1 25.0 2674.9 304*

Pachira_sp2 25.0 2674.9 304*

Pachira_sp3 25.0 2674.9 304*

Palicourea_andaluciana 19.1 2527.9 39

Palicourea_angustifolia 16.5 2047.9 395

Palicourea_demissa 17.4 2154.5 299

Palicourea_deviae 18.7 2787.2 12

Palicourea_garciae 19.2 2832.1 97

Palicourea_guianensis 23.7 2945.7 476

Palicourea_lasiorrhachis 15.5 1970.4 38

Palicourea_perquadrangularis 19.2 2644.7 54

Palicourea_quadrangularis 19.8 2239.6 6270*

Palicourea_rigidifolia 19.6 3132.5 19

Palicourea_sp1 19.8 2239.6 6270*

Palicourea_sp2 19.8 2239.6 6270*

Palicourea_sp3 19.8 2239.6 6270*

Palicourea_sp4 19.8 2239.6 6270*

Palicourea_sp5 19.8 2239.6 6270*

Palicourea_standleyana 19.2 2207.5 19

Palicourea_thyrsiflora 18.3 1908.4 64

Palicourea_zarucchii 14.6 2229.4 52

Panopsis_polystachya 16.8 1814.1 59

Panopsis_sp 20.2 2160.3 249*

Panopsis_sp1 20.2 2160.3 249*

Panopsis_sp2 20.2 2160.3 249*

Panopsis_sp3 20.2 2160.3 249*

Panopsis_sp4 20.2 2160.3 249*

Panopsis_yolombo 17.5 2171.0 19

Parathesis_reticulata 23.1 2479.4 97*

Parathesis_sp 23.1 2479.4 97*

Parinari_pachyphylla 24.7 2459.4 141*

Parkia_sp 25.1 2898.5 399*

Parkia_sp1 25.1 2898.5 399*

Parkia_sp2 25.1 2898.5 399*

Parmentiera_stenocarpa 24.5 3178.6 18*

Passiflora_ambigua 23.7 2925.2 67

Passiflora_arborea 19.3 2085.2 54

Passiflora_sp1 19.1 1732.7 8699*

Passiflora_spinosa 26.1 2768.4 82

Paullinia_alata 24.7 2596.1 254

Paullinia_capreolata 23.4 2900.1 37

Paullinia_granatensis 25.7 3073.4 28

Paullinia_hispida 25.1 3050.9 43

Paullinia_rubiginosa 24.8 2600.2 2129*

Paullinia_serjaniifolia 24.2 3214.3 71

Paullinia_sp1 24.8 2600.2 2129*

Peltogyne_paniculata 27.7 2935.8 18

Pentacalia_ellipticifolia 13.6 1709.8 95*

Pentaclethra_macroloba 25.8 4121.0 26

Pentagonia_lobata 24.5 3133.4 671*

Pentagonia_pinnatifida 26.5 2833.2 12

Pentagonia_sp1 24.5 3133.4 671*

Pentaplaris_doroteae 24.6 2265.5 81*

Pera_arborea 25.2 2562.1 44

Pera_colombiana 25.6 2658.2 23

Perebea_guianensis 24.4 3011.1 335

Perebea_sp1 24.5 2980.4 990*

Perebea_xanthochyma 24.1 3246.7 337

Pereskia_bleo 26.1 3347.5 19

Perissocarpa_steyermarkii 24.6 2347.7 13*

Peritassa_laevigata 25.8 2793.4 62

Perrottetia_sp NA NA 0

Persea_americana 20.7 2142.3 207

Persea_areolatocostae 20.8 2312.5 79

Persea_cuneata 19.6 2857.6 41

Persea_mutisii 12.7 1372.4 78

Persea_rigens 19.5 2139.7 95

Persea_sp1 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp10 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp11 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp12 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp13 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp14 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp15 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp16 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp17 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp19 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp2 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp3 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp4 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp5 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp6 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp7 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp8 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_sp9 18.7 1850.8 1059*

Persea_subcordata 16.5 1290.9 88

Petrea_volubilis 24.8 2411.4 32

Pholidostachys_sp 25.9 3144.1 3478*

Phyllanthus_attenuatus 22.9 2846.7 37

Phyllanthus_callejasi 22.1 2350.5 653*

Phytelephas_seemannii 26.2 3617.8 20

Picramnia_gracilis 20.1 2870.8 42

Picramnia_latifolia 24.3 2136.3 138

Picramnia_sp1 23.4 2415.8 596*

Picrolemma_huberi 23.1 3096.8 15

Pinzona_coriacea 25.8 2892.9 83

Piper_aduncum 22.7 2277.2 654

Piper_albanense 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_arboreum 24.9 2583.6 344

Piper_archeri 20.0 1947.9 31

Piper_artanthe 15.8 2002.3 117

Piper_atrobaccum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_begonicolor 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_begoniicolor 19.2 3062.3 18

Piper_boquianum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_corozalanum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_crassinervium 20.0 2255.3 420

Piper_culebranum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_daniel-gonzalezii 18.4 2079.0 22

Piper_divulgatum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_gorgonillense 24.0 3473.0 12

Piper_grande 23.1 2426.0 50

Piper_hastularum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_insignilaminum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_melanocladum 24.5 3540.3 15

Piper_mucronatiflorum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_obumbratum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_pernodulosum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_puberulibracteum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_reticulatum 24.8 2774.9 160

Piper_riochiadoense 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_scobinifolium 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_so_nov 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_sp 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_sp2 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_sp3 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_sp7 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_sp8 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_subcaudatum 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piper_urabaensis 22.4 2541.4 10905*

Piptocoma_discolor 22.2 2735.6 280

Pithecellobium_lanceolatum 26.5 1573.7 29

Platymiscium_pinnatum 23.8 1905.8 89

Platymiscium_sp1 24.0 2113.5 222*

Pleurothyrium_sp 23.7 2713.7 550*

Pleurothyrium_sp1 23.7 2713.7 550*

Plinia_sp1 23.0 1495.8 29*

Plukenetia_penninervia 24.3 2576.7 135*

Podocarpus_oleifolius 16.1 1480.8 255

Pogonopus_speciosus 25.5 1565.1 21

Posoqueria_coriacea 19.8 2564.4 57

Posoqueria_latifolia 24.4 2928.1 320

Posoqueria_sp2 23.8 2798.3 481*

Potalia_amara 25.3 2713.0 105

Pourouma_bicolor 24.7 3342.1 245

Pourouma_sp 24.4 2755.5 1437*

Pouteria_cuspidata 24.6 2863.2 190

Pouteria_durlandii 23.5 2424.1 63

Pouteria_glomerata 24.3 2517.9 88

Pouteria_krukovii 26.1 2769.6 35

Pouteria_lucuma 17.0 1570.4 36

Pouteria_multiflora 23.8 3110.8 113

Pouteria_reticulata 24.7 2699.8 131

Pouteria_sp 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp10 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp12 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp13 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp14 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp15 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp16 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp17 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp18 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp19 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp2 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp20 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp21 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp3 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp4 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp5 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp6 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp7 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp8 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_sp9 24.3 2640.9 2845*

Pouteria_subrotata 25.6 3205.7 11

Pouteria_torta 24.9 2665.4 390

Prestoea_acuminata 16.4 2126.4 392

Prestonia_ipomaeifolia 23.6 2020.7 423*

Prestonia_portobellensis 25.6 4457.7 19

Prionostemma_asperum 24.4 1730.7 31

Prioria_copaifera 26.5 2753.0 18*

Pristimera_verrucosa 26.8 1281.5 12

Protium_apiculatum 25.3 2639.2 64

Protium_aracouchini 25.2 2984.1 168

Protium_colombianum 25.5 3332.7 29

Protium_cundinamarcense 24.9 2739.1 2606*

Protium_guianense 25.0 2636.8 14

Protium_heptaphyllum 25.2 2124.8 123

Protium_opacum 25.6 2759.7 145

Protium_panamense 24.9 2739.1 2606*

Protium_sagotianum 25.2 2811.0 165

Protium_sp 24.9 2739.1 2606*

Protium_sp_nov 24.9 2739.1 2606*

Protium_sp1 24.9 2739.1 2606*

Protium_sp2 24.9 2739.1 2606*

Protium_sp3 24.9 2739.1 2606*

Protium_subserratum 25.5 2998.9 135

Protium_tovarense 17.0 1922.9 19

Prunus_falcata 18.9 1738.3 563*

Prunus_guanaensis 18.9 1738.3 563*

Prunus_integrifolia 18.9 1738.3 563*

Prunus_muris 18.9 1738.3 563*

Prunus_ocellata 18.9 1738.3 563*

Prunus_opaca 15.4 1596.7 33

Prunus_sp 18.9 1738.3 563*

Prunus_sp1 18.9 1738.3 563*

Prunus_sp2 18.9 1738.3 563*

Prunus_sp3 18.9 1738.3 563*

Prunus_subcorymbosa 21.7 1551.9 17

Prunus_uraotaenia 18.9 1738.3 563*

Pseudima_frutescens 25.7 2149.7 22

Pseudobombax_septenatum 23.6 1979.2 66

Pseudolmedia_laevigata 23.8 2429.0 322*

Pseudolmedia_sp1 23.8 2429.0 322*

Pseudolmedia_sp2 23.8 2429.0 322*

Pseudomalmea_boyacana 25.1 2589.9 102*

Pseudoxandra_sclerocarpa 26.4 2414.9 24

Psychotria_acuminata 23.4 3110.4 265

Psychotria_bouchtienii 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_brachybotrya 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_buchtienii 22.9 2709.2 141

Psychotria_capitata 24.7 2802.7 213

Psychotria_chaponiana 18.3 1481.4 12

Psychotria_cooperi 24.5 5036.7 109

Psychotria_cordobensis 24.8 5438.8 57

Psychotria_elata 24.6 3385.0 42

Psychotria_erecta 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_fortuita 16.2 1747.5 36

Psychotria_graciliflora 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_hebeclada 24.8 2792.2 52

Psychotria_horizontalis 25.3 1560.7 50

Psychotria_hylocharis 23.0 2290.5 20

Psychotria_jervisei 19.3 3461.4 17

Psychotria_lupulina 25.4 2777.6 150

Psychotria_marginata 24.6 2696.1 113

Psychotria_micrantha 24.6 3135.9 103

Psychotria_microbotrys 24.6 2864.9 140

Psychotria_microdon 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_monsalveae 24.3 3964.5 24

Psychotria_muscosa 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_officinalis 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_panamensis 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_platypoda 23.6 3189.3 117

Psychotria_psychotriifolia 25.7 3451.7 23

Psychotria_remota 25.3 2943.8 291

Psychotria_rosea 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_saltatrix 18.5 2854.1 19

Psychotria_sp 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp1 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp10 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp11 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp2 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp3 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp4 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp5 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp6 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp7 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp8 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_sp9 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_stenostachia 23.4 2742.9 8997*

Psychotria_suerrensis 25.5 5379.7 23

Psychotria_trichotoma 23.2 2598.4 98

Pterandra_colombiana 27.0 3571.7 19*

Pterocarpus_officinalis 25.5 5064.9 27

Pterocarpus_sp1 25.1 2751.1 355*

Pueraria_phaseoloides 24.2 2461.0 76

Qualea_lineata 25.7 5487.8 28

Quararibea_asterolepis 21.1 1953.4 48

Quararibea_cogolloi 24.5 2562.0 471*

Quararibea_sp 24.5 2562.0 471*

Quercus_humboldtii 16.4 1999.4 125

Quiina_cruegeriana 24.5 3064.2 29

Quiina_florida 24.8 2563.7 139

Quiina_pteridophylla 24.8 2702.5 363*

Quiina_sp1 24.8 2702.5 363*

Randia_altiscandens 25.2 3594.7 18

Randia_armata 24.0 2240.3 323

Randia_hondensis 24.7 2898.5 13

Randia_sp1 23.9 2258.0 465*

Raritebe_sp 24.3 3152.9 163*

Rauvolfia_leptophylla 22.5 3054.4 45

Rauvolfia_littoralis 24.0 2020.2 206*

Ravenia_sp1 25.1 2460.1 20*

Remijia_sp1 25.1 2561.9 148*

Rhamnus_goudotiana 16.2 1694.8 43

Rhamnus_granulosa 17.1 1795.4 36

Rhamnus_sphaerosperma 17.3 1325.5 92

Rhodostemonodaphne_grandis 24.5 2963.6 25

Rhodostemonodaphne_kunthiana 22.2 2185.7 160

Rhodostemonodaphne_laxa 22.4 2321.4 212*

Rhodostemonodaphne_sp1 22.4 2321.4 212*

Rhodostemonodaphne_sp2 22.4 2321.4 212*

Rhodostemonodaphne_sp5 22.4 2321.4 212*

Rhodostemonodaphne_sp6 22.4 2321.4 212*

Rhodostemonodaphne_sp7 22.4 2321.4 212*

Richeria_grandis 23.2 2634.1 166

Rinorea_dasyadena 25.4 2793.6 1243*

Rinorea_haugtii 25.4 2793.6 1243*

Rinorea_hirsuta 26.7 2918.7 11

Rinorea_lindeniana 25.4 2996.0 350

Rinorea_paniculata 26.2 3048.8 17

Rinorea_sp1 25.4 2793.6 1243*

Rinorea_sp2 25.4 2793.6 1243*

Rinorea_sylvatica 25.4 2793.6 1243*

Rinorea_viridifolia 25.1 2545.8 366

Rollinia_mucosa 24.3 2544.2 192

Rollinia_pittieri 24.2 2873.3 212

Ronabea_latifolia 25.6 3286.0 121

Rondeletia_colombiana 25.8 1664.3 29*

Roucheria_laxiflora 21.1 1822.0 27

Roucheria_sp 24.2 2614.7 107*

Roupala_montana 22.5 1632.3 175

Roupala_sp1 20.2 1605.6 367*

Rourea_sp 25.7 2565.4 239*

Ruagea_glabra 17.9 1835.8 201

Ruagea_pubescens 14.3 1396.4 104

Rudgea_laurifolia 23.8 2728.8 1436*

Rudgea_sp1 23.8 2728.8 1436*

Rustia_occidentalis 25.3 4453.6 32

Ryania_pyrifera 25.6 3271.6 354*

Sabicea_panamensis 24.5 4252.4 223

Sageretia_elegans 22.1 1451.1 18*

Salacia_solimoensis 24.6 2477.2 661*

Salacia_sp1 24.6 2477.2 661*

Salacia_sp2 24.6 2477.2 661*

Salacia_sp3 24.6 2477.2 661*

Salacia_sp4 24.6 2477.2 661*

Salacia_sp5 24.6 2477.2 661*

Sanchezia_macrocnemis 23.5 2685.5 333*

Sapium_cuatrecasii 21.7 2142.7 635*

Sapium_laurifolium 23.6 2524.4 111

Sapium_sp1 21.7 2142.7 635*

Sapium_stylare 10.9 1187.2 88

Sarcaulus_sp1 24.4 2657.3 210*

Satyria_allenii 21.9 2927.7 198*

Saurauia_choriophylla 17.5 2003.9 947*

Saurauia_laevigata 17.5 2003.9 947*

Saurauia_scabra 17.5 2003.9 947*

Saurauia_sp1 17.5 2003.9 947*

Saurauia_sp2 17.5 2003.9 947*

Saurauia_staphiana 17.5 2003.9 947*

Saurauia_ursina 16.2 1944.0 43

Schefflera_jahnii 20.4 2480.4 1017*

Schefflera_jahnni 20.4 2480.4 1017*

Schefflera_minutiflora 18.4 2882.6 49

Schefflera_morototoni 24.1 2196.7 159

Schefflera_quinduensis 16.3 2232.9 25

Schefflera_sp1 20.4 2480.4 1017*

Schefflera_sp2 20.4 2480.4 1017*

Schefflera_sp3 20.4 2480.4 1017*

Schefflera_sp4 20.4 2480.4 1017*

Schefflera_sp5 20.4 2480.4 1017*

Schefflera_trianae 20.4 2480.4 1017*

Schefflera_uribei 20.4 2480.4 1017*

Schizolobium_parahyba 23.7 2436.7 70

Senefeldera_sp 25.6 2706.0 18*

Senefeldera_testiculata 25.6 2706.0 18*

Senna_baccillaris 22.5 2062.0 2791*

Serjania_grandifolia 25.2 2883.5 22

Serjania_pyramidata 23.9 2068.2 22

Serjania_sp1 23.0 1669.1 956*

Simaba_sp 25.4 2887.6 123*

Simarouba_amara 24.1 2395.7 229

Simira_cordifolia 24.7 2772.4 60

Simira_sp1 24.5 1980.3 361*

Siparuna_conica 23.4 4235.5 68

Siparuna_escobariana 22.4 2502.1 3657*

Siparuna_gentryana 25.8 6268.3 38

Siparuna_guianensis 25.2 2408.2 385

Siparuna_laurifolia 19.7 2390.6 55

Siparuna_lepidota 17.4 2267.8 94

Siparuna_parviflora 22.4 2502.1 3657*

Siparuna_pauciflora 22.4 2502.1 3657*

Siparuna_sp1 22.4 2502.1 3657*

Siparuna_sp2 22.4 2502.1 3657*

Siparuna_sp3 22.4 2502.1 3657*

Siparuna_stellulata 17.8 1946.8 39

Siparuna_thecaphora 23.8 2785.6 476

Sloanea_brevispina 18.9 2045.2 11

Sloanea_calva 24.7 2577.4 964*

Sloanea_guianensis 24.9 2561.2 190

Sloanea_pacuritana 24.7 2577.4 964*

Sloanea_parvifructa 24.7 2577.4 964*

Sloanea_picapica 24.7 2577.4 964*

Sloanea_sp1 24.7 2577.4 964*

Sloanea_sp2 24.7 2577.4 964*

Sloanea_sp3 24.7 2577.4 964*

Sloanea_sp4 24.7 2577.4 964*

Sloanea_sp5 24.7 2577.4 964*

Sloanea_sp6 24.7 2577.4 964*

Sloanea_tuerckheimii 25.0 2897.0 57

Sloanea_tuerkheimii 24.7 2577.4 964*

Smilax_domingensis 18.9 1972.0 115

Smilax_sp1 21.2 2023.2 623*

Smilax_sp2 21.2 2023.2 623*

Socratea_exorrhiza 25.7 2906.4 19020

Solanum_aphyodendron 19.2 1909.9 318

Solanum_arboreum 22.7 3478.5 107

Solanum_asperolanatum 14.6 1323.2 506

Solanum_dolosum 18.5 1916.9 39

Solanum_lepidotum 22.8 2833.1 339

Solanum_sp 16.6 1410.4 29278*

Solanum_sp1 16.6 1410.4 29278*

Solanum_sp2 16.6 1410.4 29278*

Sorocea_pubinerva 24.2 2627.1 1421*

Sorocea_pubivena 25.1 3094.3 294

Sorocea_trophoides 20.4 2096.9 186

Spirotheca_rosea 18.3 2118.7 49

Spondias_mombin 25.1 2360.2 289

Spondias_radlkoferi 26.0 3190.6 12

Stemmadenia_grandiflora 25.4 2976.7 107*

Stenosepala_hirsuta 26.6 3230.5 10

Stephanopodium_aptotum 23.2 2654.4 57*

Stephanopodium_sp 23.2 2654.4 57*

Sterculia_pilosa 25.0 2214.6 172*

Sterculia_sp1 25.0 2214.6 172*

Sterculia_sp2 25.0 2214.6 172*

Sterculia_sp3 25.0 2214.6 172*

Sterigmapetalum_colombianum 24.4 2321.6 62*

Strychnos_panamensis 25.9 4543.1 24

Strychnos_rondeletioides 25.2 2569.0 40

Strychnos_sp1 25.1 2928.6 670*

Strychnos_toxifera 25.1 2928.6 670*

Stryphnodendron_microstachyum 24.7 2502.3 10

Stylogyne_sp1 23.6 2364.2 541*

Stylogyne_turbacensis 25.5 1879.4 41

Styphnolobium_sporadicum 20.2 1468.6 18*

Styrax_cordatus 18.1 1434.8 57

Styrax_davillifolius 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_pavonii 19.2 1617.0 19

Styrax_pentlandianus 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_sp1 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_sp2 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_sp3 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_sp4 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_sp5 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_sp6 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_sp7 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_sp8 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_sp9 20.0 1618.8 352*

Styrax_tomentosus 15.4 1450.3 16

Swartzia_amplifolia 26.2 4558.7 58

Swartzia_haughtii 24.0 2295.5 67

Swartzia_macrophylla 24.9 2476.0 23

Swartzia_myrtifolia 24.7 2487.3 89

Swartzia_oraria 26.2 4070.7 49

Swartzia_panamensis 25.4 2776.7 1413*

Swartzia_robiniifolia 25.4 2776.7 1413*

Swartzia_schultesii 25.4 2776.7 1413*

Swartzia_simplex 24.9 2803.4 215

Swartzia_sp 25.4 2776.7 1413*

Swartzia_sp1 25.4 2776.7 1413*

Swartzia_sp2 25.4 2776.7 1413*

Symbolanthus_pterocalix 17.1 1736.8 169*

Symphonia_globulifera 24.7 3173.8 312

Symplococarpon_sp 16.3 2672.5 12*

Symplocos_flosfragrans 14.7 1556.3 19

Symplocos_phaeoneura 15.3 1431.2 395*

Symplocos_quindiuensis 15.3 1431.2 395*

Symplocos_rigidissima 15.3 1431.2 395*

Symplocos_sp1 15.3 1431.2 395*

Symplocos_sp2 15.3 1431.2 395*

Symplocos_sp3 15.3 1431.2 395*

Symplocos_sp4 15.3 1431.2 395*

Symplocos_sp5 15.3 1431.2 395*

Symplocos_sp6 15.3 1431.2 395*

Symplocos_sp7 15.3 1431.2 395*

Synechanthus_warscewiczianus 24.4 2805.7 1882

Tabebuia_ochraceae 24.4 1642.7 445*

Tabebuia_rosea 24.7 1971.0 20

Tabebuia_sp1 24.4 1642.7 445*

Tabebuia_sp2 24.4 1642.7 445*

Tabebuia_striata 24.4 1642.7 445*

Tabernaemontana_gracilis 24.5 2651.5 989*

Tabernaemontana_grandiflora 25.6 3092.4 88

Tabernaemontana_heterophylla 24.5 2651.5 989*

Tabernaemontana_longipes 25.6 3162.8 10

Tabernaemontana_markgrafiana 26.0 2794.7 85

Tabernaemontana_sp1 24.5 2651.5 989*

Tabernaemontana_sp2 24.5 2651.5 989*

Tachia_parviflora 23.5 3036.1 16

Talisia_cerasina 25.1 2314.8 93

Talisia_hexaphylla 24.3 2022.2 63

Talisia_macrophylla 24.4 3208.9 19

Talisia_sp1 25.0 2314.9 427*

Talisia_sp2 25.0 2314.9 427*

Tapirira_guianensis 24.1 2542.8 870

Tapura_colombiana 20.5 2525.2 13

Tapura_guianensis 25.2 3255.5 26

Terminalia_amazonia 24.1 2362.7 172

Terminalia_sp 23.8 1975.1 578*

Ternstroemia_macrocarpa 15.4 1516.0 11

Tetracera_sp 24.8 2259.2 193*

Tetragastris_panamensis 25.0 2918.4 283

Tetrapteris_seemannii 25.2 2507.6 55*

Tetrapteris_sp1 25.2 2507.6 55*

Tetrathylacium_johansenii 26.6 2571.6 11

Tetrorchidium_andinum 21.9 3151.5 170*

Tetrorchidium_rubrivenium 20.3 2216.0 80

Theobroma_bicolor 24.8 2925.7 51

Theobroma_cacao 25.0 2540.3 218

Theobroma_glaucum 25.9 2852.1 60

Theobroma_sp 25.1 2764.7 1048*

Thevetia_ahouai 25.6 2599.5 14

Tibouchina_lepidota 16.8 1924.5 275

Tocoyena_sp 23.5 2175.6 162*

Tontelea_sp1 24.8 2899.6 226*

Tontelea_sp2 24.8 2899.6 226*

Tontelea_sp3 24.8 2899.6 226*

Topobea_albertiae 21.9 3568.3 350*

Topobea_discolor 20.3 2663.8 13

Topobea_sp 21.9 3568.3 350*

Tournefortia_bicolor 23.9 2377.1 106

Tournefortia_cuspidata 26.0 3082.6 95

Tovomita_choisyana 25.6 2672.7 22

Tovomita_krukovii 25.8 2580.6 26

Tovomita_sp 23.7 3210.9 799*

Tovomita_sp1 23.7 3210.9 799*

Tovomita_sp10 23.7 3210.9 799*

Tovomita_sp2 23.7 3210.9 799*

Tovomita_sp3 23.7 3210.9 799*

Tovomita_sp8 23.7 3210.9 799*

Tovomita_sp9 23.7 3210.9 799*

Tovomita_spruceana 25.8 3087.3 18

Tovomita_stylosa 25.5 4197.7 75

Tovomita_trojitana 25.7 3590.4 63

Tovomita_weddelliana 22.8 3350.1 382

Tovomitopsis_sp 23.9 3247.4 99*

Toxicodendron_striatum 18.8 1886.4 140

Trattinnickia_aspera 25.0 2874.2 36

Trattinnickia_lawrancei 25.7 2720.5 17

Trattinnickia_sp 25.0 2793.4 172*

Trema_micrantha 23.0 2112.9 580

Trichanthera_gigantea NA NA 0

Trichilia_ 24.1 2333.7 3017*

Trichilia_martiana 22.2 1753.2 40

Trichilia_maynasiana 24.9 2630.5 140

Trichilia_pallida 24.2 2399.0 559

Trichilia_pleeana 23.7 2049.6 282

Trichilia_poeppigii 25.3 2853.6 158

Trichilia_quadrijuga 25.2 2662.2 152

Trichilia_septentrionalis 24.0 2840.4 302

Trichilia_sp1 24.1 2333.7 3017*

Trichilia_sp2 24.1 2333.7 3017*

Trichilia_sp3 24.1 2333.7 3017*

Trichilia_sp4 24.1 2333.7 3017*

Trichilia_sp5 24.1 2333.7 3017*

Trichilia_sp6 24.1 2333.7 3017*

Trichostigma_octandrum 24.3 2436.4 109

Triplaris_americana 24.1 2146.0 195

Trophis_racemosa 25.0 3173.6 115

Turpinia_occidentalis 21.2 2097.1 276

Unonopsis_aviceps 26.6 2538.5 45

Unonopsis_colombiana 26.9 5377.7 15

Unonopsis_pacifica 25.4 4821.5 31

Unonopsis_sp1 25.4 2702.6 1679*

Urera_baccifera 22.4 2280.0 556

Urera_caracasana 23.0 2268.5 162

Uribea_tamarindoides 27.9 1442.2 17

Valeriana_sp1 9.4 1223.4 2565*

Varronia_cylindrostachya 15.9 1541.3 67

Verbesina_nudipes 17.2 1954.4 30

Viburnum_antioquense 15.2 1377.9 1262*

Viburnum_Lasiophyllum 15.2 1377.9 1262*

Viburnum_tinoides 15.2 1377.9 1262*

Viburnum_toronis 19.5 3164.3 82

Viburnum_undulatum 15.8 2228.1 19

Virola_dixonii 24.4 2620.3 483*

Virola_flexuosa 24.0 2339.6 32

Virola_macrocarpa 24.4 2620.3 483*

Virola_sebifera 24.2 2398.8 96

Virola_sp1 24.4 2620.3 483*

Virola_sp2 24.4 2620.3 483*

Virola_sp3R 24.4 2620.3 483*

Vismia_baccifera 22.2 2564.4 75

Vismia_laevis 19.5 1779.0 10

Vismia_laexis 23.1 2713.7 311*

Vismia_lauriformis 19.9 2399.5 14

Vismia_macrophylla 25.4 3434.6 36

Vismia_panamensis 23.1 2713.7 311*

Vismia_sp1 23.1 2713.7 311*

Vismia_sp2 23.1 2713.7 311*

Vismia_sp3 23.1 2713.7 311*

Vismia_sp4 23.1 2713.7 311*

Vismia_sp5 23.1 2713.7 311*

Vitex_capitata 24.6 2286.1 105*

Vitex_colombiensis 24.6 2286.1 105*

Vochysia_duquei 24.6 2393.7 96*

Vochysia_ferruginea 25.1 3134.2 15

Vochysia_megalantha 24.6 2393.7 96*

Vochysia_sp1 24.6 2393.7 96*

Vochysia_sp2 24.6 2393.7 96*

Vochysia_sp3 24.6 2393.7 96*

Warszewiczia_coccinea 24.9 3143.5 254

Warszewiczia_uxpanapensis 24.9 3078.7 274*

Weinmannia_balbisiana 18.5 1645.0 23

Weinmannia_multijuga 18.4 1879.9 11

Weinmannia_pubescens 16.1 1866.1 43

Weinmannia_sp1 14.6 1513.0 643*

Weinmannia_sp2 14.6 1513.0 643*

Weinmannia_tomentosa 11.0 1120.8 76

Wettinia_fascicularis 19.0 3219.9 44

Wettinia_hirsuta 25.9 5294.5 10844*

Wettinia_kalbreyeri 22.2 2737.4 412

Williamodendron_glaucophyllum NA NA 0

Witheringia_coccoloboides 17.0 2506.7 13*

Witheringia_solanaceae 17.0 2506.7 13*

Xylopia_amazonica 25.4 2445.0 189*

Xylopia_discreta 25.4 2445.0 189*

Xylopia_emarginata 25.4 2445.0 189*

Xylopia_frutescens 25.4 2445.0 189*

Xylopia_macrantha 25.4 2445.0 189*

Xylopia_sericea 25.3 2717.5 18

Xylopia_sp1 25.4 2445.0 189*

Xylopia_sp2 25.4 2445.0 189*

Zanthoxylum_lenticulare 22.8 1669.7 200*

Zanthoxylum_riedelianum 24.3 2164.4 14

Zinowiewia_australis 16.7 1148.0 13*

Ziziphus_sp1 24.8 1510.0 41*

Zygia_latifolia 25.6 2601.8 41

Zygia_picramnioides 25.6 2595.3 383*

Table S4. Loads, eigenvalues, and cumulative percentage of variation explained by the main

ordination axes obtained from a principal component analysis (PCA). Only those axes that

accomplishes with the Kaiser-Guttman criterion are presented. Mean values of each variable

and its associated standard deviation (SD; within brackets) of dispersal modes and mortality

rates are in percentage (%). Explained (%): cumulative percentage of variation explained by the

PCA axes. Adults: individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm. Juveniles: individuals with 1 cm ≤ DBH <

10 cm.

Adults Juveniles

Dispersal

modes PCA 1 PCA 2 PCA 3

Mean

(SD)

PCA 1 PCA 2 PCA 3

Mean

(SD)

Anemochory -0.66 0.64 0.27

10.9

(6.5)

1.04 0.15 0.01

12.9

(12.9)

Ballistic -0.2 -1.14 -0.06

3.5

(7.2)

0.16 1.03 -0.11

5.9

(7.3)

Endozoochory 1.16 -0.09 0.28

66.4

(19.3)

-1.07 -0.51 0.13

72.0

(17.6)

Hydrochory 0.31 0 -0.8

1.3

(2.3)

-0.34 0.43 -0.73

0.8

(1.4)

Gravity 0.22 0.14 -0.8

0.1

(0.2)

0.24 0.19 0.97

0.1

(0.3)

Myrmecochory -0.84 -0.79 0.01

0.3

(0.8)

0.65 -0.76 -0.36

0.0

(0.1)

Sinzoochory -1.01 0.38 -0.26

15.4

(16.7)

0.95 -0.3 -0.1

4.9

(4.9)

Eigenvalues 2.52 1.72 1.02 2.56 1.52 1.11

Explained (%) 36 60.6 75.1 36.6 58.3 74.2

Soils PCA 1 PCA 2 PCA 3

Mean

(SD)

PCA 1 PCA 2 PCA 3

Mean

(SD)

Ca -1.14 -0.34 -0.07

3.0

(3.8)

-1.14 -0.34 -0.07

3.0

(3.8)

K -0.79 0.46 -0.57

0.2

(0.2)

-0.79 0.46 -0.57

0.2

(0.2)

Mg -1.11 0.32 0.16

1.6

(2.7)

-1.11 0.32 0.16

1.6

(2.7)

O.M. -0.1 -1.15 0.34

10.9

(15.9)

-0.1 -1.15 0.34

10.9

(15.9)

P 0.02 -0.57 -1.1

3.2

(3.3)

0.02 -0.57 -1.1

3.2

(3.3)

pH -1.11 -0.19 0.27

4.6

(0.8)

-1.11 -0.19 0.27

4.6

(0.8)

Eigenvalues 2.79 1.34 1.1 2.79 1.34 1.1

Explained (%) 46.5 68.8 87.2 46.5 68.8 87.2

Plot structure-

demography PCA 1 PCA 2 PCA 3

Mean

(SD)

PCA 1 PCA 2

Mean

(SD)

Number

individuals 0.46 -0.41 -0.85

695.9

(246.8)

-0.2 1.03

1097.9

(389.1)

Basal area (m2

ha-1) 0.01 0 -1

26.0

(5.7)

-0.25 1.01

1.0

(0.3)

Maximum DBH -0.48 0.64 0.16

91.1

(40.5)

-0.57 0.3

9.9

(0.1)

Plot structure-

demography PCA 1 PCA 2 PCA 3

Mean

(SD)

PCA 1 PCA 2

Mean

(SD)

Mortality

individuals -1.07 0.15 0.03

1.9

(0.7)

-0.99 0.14

6.0

(2.5)

Mortality Basal

area -0.72 -0.79 -0.01

-0.8

(0.8)

-1.04 -0.25

2.3

(2.7)

Overall change

individuals -0.87 -0.28 -0.36

0.6

(5.5)

-1.02 0.21

31.2

(30.3)

Overall change

basal area -0.71 -0.85 0.1

3795.2

(2756.8)

-1.07 -0.22

-106.7

(242.5)

Mean growth

DBH -0.6 0.87 -0.09

0.3

(0.1)

0.62 0.31

0.1

(0.0)

Maximum

growth DBH -0.36 0.68 -0.59

4.8

(2.5)

-0.5 -0.61

1.1

(0.4)

Eigenvalues 2.99 2.53 1.74 4.11 2.18

Explained (%) 33.2 61.3 80.6 45.7 69.9

Figure S1. Map of study area and plot locations. Red symbols indicate plots at lowland

elevations < 1100 m asl and black symbols indicate highland plots at elevations > 1700 m asl.

Figure S2. Overall thermal migration rates (°C) in the two stem size categories. Triangles

correspond to plots located below 1000 m asl. Crosses correspond to plots located above 1700 m

asl.

Figure S3. Final regression models for each one of the three explanatory hypotheses

(dispersal, soils, and forest degradations –see Methods-) of thermal migration rate by size

of individuals. The crossing line represents the expected 1:1 relationship between observed

plot changes in elevation (m yr-1) and estimated plot changes in elevation (m yr-1). Panels

with light gray symbols are the most independent parsimonious models in each category of

size (see Table 1 in main text). Continuous lines indicate models that were significant and

dashed lines non-significant models. In panel E, the model is no longer significant if Plot 2

(with the highest observed TMR) is excluded.

Figure S4. Variation partitioning illustrating the extent at which species traits (dispersal), plant-

soils specialization (soils), and forest disturbance (plot structure-demography features), explains

thermal migration rates (oC yr-1). Panel A: large individuals (DBH ≥ 10). Panel B: small

individuals (DBH < 10). Values are proportions derived from the adjusted R-square of the model

based on all PCA axes that were significant. Negative fractions indicate that the correlation

between the two sets of variables (hypotheses) is stronger than the independent effect of the

negative fraction alone, which can be interpreted as zero (Legendre & Legendre 2012).

Figure S5. The overall most parsimonious model explaining the thermal migration rate (TMR)

of juvenile individuals. The crossing line represents the expected 1:1 relationship between

observed plot changes in elevation (m yr-1) and estimated plot changes in elevation (m yr-1). The

fitted model was: TMRjuve = 0.025-0.020*PCA1soils+ -0.015*PCA1str-demog (F = 9.3; d.f.= 12;

Adjusted R2 = 0.59; p < 0.05).

Figure S6. Species richness in the initial vs final censuses for adult trees (DBH ≥ 10 cm; black

squares) and juvenile trees (DBH ≥ 1 and ≤ 10 cm; open circles). The line indicates the 1:1

relationship. Over the study period, there has been no significant change in the number of

juvenile species in the plots (Paired T-test, P = 0.09). However the species richness of adults has

decreased in 15 of the plots (binomial probability = 0.0003) by an average of 4 species (Paired T

test; P <0.0005).

50 100 150 200

50

100

150

200

Species richness in initial census

Spe

cies

ric

hn

ess

in f

inal

cen

sus

Figure S7. The solid black line corresponds with the overall change in plot temperature and

elevation (i.e., the annualized change between the initial and final plot censuses) of juvenile

individuals (including shrubs and trees). The black dashed line represents the overall change in

plot temperature and elevation for only known juvenile individuals (i.e. individuals with DBH <

10 but of species also recorded as large individuals [DBH ≥ 10] in the study plots). Plots are

ordered by increasing TMRadult,, as in Fig. 4B. Plot numbers correspond to the increasing

elevation from lowlands to highlands (Table S1).

Figure S8. The relationship between species’ optimal mean annual temperature (oC) (MAT) and

their optimal annual precipitation (mm) (TAP) as based on the distribution of herbarium

collection records in the Andean nations of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Optimum

temperature and precipitation are positively correlated indicating eh lowland thermophilic

species tend to occur in wetter areas then do highland species (R = 0.54, P < 0.0001).

Figure S9. The relationships between Community Temperature Scores (CTS, oC) and

Community Precipitation Scores (CPS, mm) for A: Adults and B: Juvenile trees. For both size

classes of stems, CTS and CPS are very significantly positively correlated (adults: R = 0.85, P <

0.0001; juveniles: R = 0.71, P < 0.005).

Figure S10. The relationships between mean community precipitation scores (CPS) and total

annual precipitation (mm) (MAT). The absence of lines indicates the lack of significance in the

relationship between CPS and MAT for both adult and juvenile tree communities in the 16 1-ha

plots.

Figure S11. The relationships between plots’ overall Thermal Migration Rates (TMR, oC yr-1)

and overall Precipitation Migration Rates (PMR, mm yr-1) for A: adults and B: juvenile trees. In

the case of adults, the correlation between TMR and PMR is positive (R = 0.38) but not

significant. In the case of juveniles, there is a significant positive correlation between migration

rates (R = 0.59, P < 0.005).