supp.apa.org · web view‘same but different’: associations between multiple aspects of...

‘Same but different’: Associations between multiple aspects of self-regulation, cognition and academic abilities.

List of Tables:

Table S1. Descriptive statistics for self-reported measures (a), executive functions (b), and cognitive and academic abilities (c).

Table S2. Correlations between educationally relevant aspects of personality.

Table S3. Correlations between executive functions measures.

Table S4. Correlations between cognitive and abilities measures.

Table S5. Bivariate Cholesky decompositions investigating the shared genetic and environmental variance between (a) the EF super-factor and educationally

relevant measures of personality, and (b) the latent impulse control factor and educationally relevant measures of personality.

Table S6. Multivariate Cholesky Decomposition exploring the genetic and environmental overlap between Processing Speed, common EF, Impulse Control,

and Conscientiousness and Openness super-factors.

Table S7. Multivariate Cholesky Decomposition exploring the genetic and environmental overlap between Processing Speed, EF (constructed from three

first-order domains: Inhibition, Switching and Updating), Impulse Control, and Conscientiousness and Openness super-factors.

Table S8. Multivariate Cholesky Decomposition exploring the genetic and environmental associations between processing speed, self-regulation and

educationally relevant aspects of personality for individual EF domains: (a) Switching; (b) Updating; (c) Working Memory; (d) Inhibition.

Table S9. Multivariate Cholesky Decomposition exploring the genetic and environmental association between Processing Speed, gf, EF super-factor, Impulse

Control, Conscientiousness and Openness super-factors, and (a) Mathematics, (b) Reading.

List of Figures:

Figure S1. Full multivariate Cholesky decomposition partitioning the variance into genetic (A) shared environmental (C) and nonshared environmental (E)

components.

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Table S1. Descriptive statistics executive functions (a), for self-reported measures (b), and cognitive and academic abilities (c).

(a) Executive Functions tests

EF domains Association with age

Tasks N mean SD min max range skew kurtosis Reliability

( α)Inhibition

.86, p< .001 Stroop 1016 -238.77 239.91 -3183.67 190.48 3374.15 -4.04 34.72 .84a

Auditory Stop(*) 594 -322.32 90.74 -740.12 174.19 914.32 0.30 3.55 .40b

Visual Stop 326 -267.07 65.71 -683.12 -78.03 605.09 -0.96 4.56 .31b

Mickey 780 -35.4 70.87 -314.81 297 611.81 -0.11 2.31 .46b

Switching.67, p< .001 Connect 862 -6.95 0.56 -9.07 -4.32 4.75 0.04 0.78 .87a

Local Global 1002 -7.18 0.42 -9.08 -4.1 4.98 -0.07 4.1 .73a

Plus-Minus (*) 582 -669.55 1200.83 -6000 3750 9750 -1.71 8.6 .69a

Cognitive Flex374

-1122.84 192.89 -1752.34

-466.19 1286.15 -0.27 0.7

.82 c

WM.66, p< .001 Symmetry Span 993 19.9 8.69 0 40 40 -0.15 -0.37 .78c

Digit Back 880 7.01 1.82 0 14 14 0.39 0.52 .59c

Listen Recall 954 -3.51 1.16 -6.08 -1 5.08 0.12 -0.44 .78c

Updating.55, p< .001 2-Back (*) 599 -3.77 1.07 -6.48 0 6.48 0.11 -0.23 .84b

1 and 2-Back 394 -4.47 1.73 -9.75 0 9.75 -0.56 0.26 .89 b

Keep Track 1004 6.57 2.36 0 12 12 -0.14 -0.41 .52c

Running Memory 833 18.84 8.34 0 36 36 -0.07 -0.68 .75c

Note: (*) these tasks were administered on only part of the sample, they were replaced with the tasks in underlined italics (e.g. Stop Visual replaced the Stop

Auditory task); all measures were standardized prior data analyses; a = Reliability estimates were calculated based on difference scores formed by subtracting

reaction time on nonswitch (or noninhibit) blocks from reaction time on switch (or inhibit) blocks, for each possible pair of switch (inhibit) and nonswitch

(noninhibit) blocks; b = Reliability estimates were calculated across blocks; c = Reliability estimates were calculated across trials.

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(b) Educationally relevant aspects of personality

N mean sd min max range skew kurtosis alpha N items Reliability( α)

Extraversion 1013 0.24 0.5 -1.26 1.71 2.97 -0.12 -0.35 0.69 8 .69

Agreeableness 1013 0.59 0.39 -0.81 1.42 2.23 -0.67 0.21 0.68 9 .69

Conscientiousness 1013 0.4 0.47 -1.16 1.32 2.49 -0.64 0.02 0.71 9 .71

Neuroticism 1013 -0.23 0.48 -1.38 1.27 2.66 0.35 -0.22 0.63 8 .64

Openness 1013 0.64 0.42 -1.32 1.91 3.23 -0.62 0.79 0.75 10 .72

Grit 825 3.25 0.54 1.25 5.00 3.75 0.1 0.34 0.68 8 .69

Need for Cognition 1008 3.43 0.56 1.56 5.00 3.44 -0.18 -0.09 0.68 9 .69

Self-concept 838 3.77 0.58 1.00 5.00 4.00 -0.4 0.5 0.75 7 .75

Mastery 937 4.29 0.71 1.00 5.00 4.00 -1.24 1.72 0.78 5 .79

Educational value 938 1.99 0.88 1.00 5.00 4.00 0.91 0.27 0.76 6 .76

Incremental Intell 951 3.28 0.85 1.00 5.00 4.00 -0.1 -0.25 0.83 6 .84

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(c) Cognitive and academic abilities tests

N mean SD min max range skew kurtosis

Pattern Comparison 1018 13.73 3.58 5 28.5 23.5 0.29 0.51

Letter Comparison 1017 6.86 2.47 1 17 16 0.6 0.51

Symbol search 985 23.26 7.01 0 47 47 0.02 0.08

Block design 1005 26.66 13.05 4 68 64 0.38 -0.56

Matrix reasoning 1014 18.06 4.59 3 28 25 -0.9 0.61

Spatial relations 852 14.12 3.44 2 26 24 0.27 0.66

Word identification 496 1.18 0.94 -1.47 4.39 5.86 -0.12 -0.02

Word attack 443 -0.99 0.89 -3.39 1 4.39 -0.15 -0.28

Passage comprehension 973 2.74 0.13 2.31 3.16 0.85 -0.11 0.42

Calculations 955 20.42 5.97 5 40 35 0.1 -0.47

Applied problems 257 40.39 7.94 23 61 38 0.06 -0.38

Note: a = Reliability estimates were calculated across blocks; b = Reliability estimates were calculated across trials; c = Short-term test–retest stability came from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) technical manual.

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Table S2. Phenotypic correlations between educationally relevant measures of personality

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. BFI-C 1 .14** .05 -.32** .39** .51** .36** .29** .35** .18** .20** .12**

2. BFI-O 1 .21** -.08** .13** .09** .29** .46** .13** .19** .08* .09*

3. BFI- E 1 -.14** .03 .11** .16** .29** .08* .10** .09** .05

4. BFI-N 1 -.37** -.31** -.17** -.18** -.07* -.11** -.10** -.06

5. BFI-A 1 .32** .24** .18** .25** .21** .13** .13**

6. Grit 1 .37** .25** .30** .26** .15** .14**

7. Need Cog 1 .47** .39** .28** .27** .20**

8. Self-concept 1 .26** .21** .17** .09*

9. Mastery 1 .25** .18** .13**

10. Edu value 1 .16** .11**

11. Mind-set 1 .11**

12. RA mot 1

Note: ** = p< .01; * = p<.05; all estimates were calculated after controlling for the effects of age and sex.

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Table S3. Phenotypic correlations between all EF measures

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 151. Stroop 1 .01 .09 .10* .21** .27** 27** .24** 17** .27** .26** .25** .23** .24** .21**

2. Stop A 1 (--) .11** .06 .05 .05 (--) .04 .03 .02 .06 .11** (--) .07

3. Stop V 1 .14** .08 (--) .16* .11 .03 .17** .16* .06 (--) .11 .22**

4. Mickey 1 .17** .10 .16** .09 .15** .18** .23** .20** .19** .21** .15**

5. Connect 1 .19** .39** .30** .37** .41** .44** .45** .37** .42** .39**

6. Plus Minus 1 .24** (--) .17** .23** .26** .24** .16** (--) .17**

7. Local -Global 1 .31** .27** .36** .40** .38** .34** .43** .31**

8.Cognitive Flex 1 .14** .33** .33** .27** (--) .38** .23**

9. Digit Back 1 .33** .42** .45** .34** .27** .34**

10. Seem Span 1 .54** .47** .40** .45** .39**

11. Listen\Recall 1 .61** .47** .45** .46**12. Run Memory 1 .55** .58** .47**

13. 2-Back 1 (--) .41**

14. 1 & 2-Back 1 .36**

15. Keep track 1

Note: ** = p< .01; * = p<.05; estimates were calculated controlling for the effect of sex, the effect of age on the EF latent constructs can be observed in

figure S1; (--) = correlations could not be computed as the data did not overlap due to missing by design (see Methods for additional details).

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Table S4. Correlations between cognitive and academic measures

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1. Vocabulary 1 .64** .64** .46** .37** .31** .47** .53** .59** .48** .56**

2. Similarities 1 .54** .36** .34** .29** .36** .44** .53** .42** .46**

3. Academic Know. 1 .35** .32** .27** .34** .50** .66** .42** .55**

4. Matrix reasoning 1 .50** .39** .35** .40** .46** .44** .50**

5. Bock Design 1 .54** .31** .35** .41** .40** .49**

6. Spatial Relations 1 .29** .30** .34** .39** .46**

7. Word attack 1 .76** .52** .38** .47**

8.Word

Identification

1 .64** .44** .53**

9. Passage Compr. 1 .53** .63**

10. Calculations 1 .71**

11. Applied Probl. 1

Note: ** = p<.01.

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Table S5. Bivariate Cholesky Decompositions investigating the genetic and environmental associations between (a) the EF super-factor and each

educationally relevant measure of personality, and (b) the latent Impulse Control factor and educationally relevant measures of personality.

(a) Bivariate Cholesky decompositions between the EF super-factor and observed personality measures

EF and BFI-Openness A1 A2EF .96 (.92-.99)BFI-Open .23(.14-.32) .53 (.44-.62) E1 E2EF .29 (.17-.41)BFI-Open .17(-.08-.43) .80 (.72-.87)

EF and BFI-Conscientiousness A1 A2EF .96 (.92-.99)BFI-Con .14 (.04-.23) .47 (.35-.59) E1 E2EF .28 (.13-.43)BFI-Con .32 (.06-.57) .81 (.70-.93)

EF and Grit A1 A2EF .96 (.91-.1.00)Grit .17 (.04-.30) .64 (.54-.73) E1 E2EF .29 (.14-.43)Grit .10 (-.22-.41) .74 (.66-.84)

EF and Need for cognition A1 A2EF .95 (.91-.1.00)Need Cog .33 (.20-.45) .51 (.32- .70) E1 E2EF .30 (.15-.45)Need Cog .01 (-.32-.29) .80 (.67-.93)

EF and Self-concept A1 A2EF .96 (.91-1.00)

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Self-concept .11 (-.00-.23) .54(.43- .66) E1 E2EF .29 (.14-.44)Self-concept .24 (-.04-.52) .79(.68-.90)

EF and Mastery orientation A1 A2EF .96 (.91-1.00)Mastery .07 (-.03-.16) .59(.47- .71) E1 E2EF .29 (.13-.44)Mastery .11 (-.13-.36) .80(.70-.89)

EF and Educational value A1 A2EF .96 (.91- 1.00)Edu value .32 (.22- .42) .47(.34- .60) E1 E2EF .29 (.13- .44)Edu value .04 (-.23- .32) .82(.75- .89)

EF and incremental intelligence mind-set A1 A2EF .96 (.91-1.00)Intell mind-set .18 (.10-.26) .44(.28- .61) E1 E2EF .29 (.14-.43)Intell mind-set .09 (-.12-.32) .87(.79-.96)

EF and RA-rated motivation A1 A2EF .96 (.91-.1.00)RA motivation .41 (.32-.50) .40(.28- .52) E1 E2EF .29 (.14-.43)RA motivation .13 (-.09-.35) .81(.74-.88)

(b) Bivariate Cholesky decompositions between the latent impulse control factor and observed personality measures

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Impulse control and BFI-Openness A1 A2

Impulse Control .49(.18, .79)

BFI-Open .18 (-.07, .45) .55(.42, .68)

E1 E2

Impulse Control .88 (.73, .1.00)

BFI-Open -.07 (-.21, .07) .81 (.74, .88)

Impulse control and BFI-Conscientious A1 A2

Impulse Control .60 (.38, .83)

BFI-Con .26 (.05, .46) .41(.25, .56)

E1 E2


BFI-Con .48 (.29, .67) .73 (.60, .86)

Impulse control and Grit A1 A2


Grit .48 (.22, .74) .45(.18, .72)

E1 E2


Grit .06 (-.17, .28) .75 (.66, .83)

Impulse control and Need for cognition A1 A2


Need Cog .09 (-.20, .37) .62(.54 .71)

E1 E2


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Need Cog .09 (-.08, .26) .77 (.71, .84)

Impulse control and self-concept A1 A2


Self-concept .24 (-.07, .55) .51 (.32, .70)

E1 E2

Impulse Control .88 (.71, 1.00)

Self-concept -.11 (-.27, .06) .82 (.74, .90)

Impulse control and mastery orientation A1 A2


Mastery .13 (-.14, .40) .58 (.45, .71)

E1 E2

Impulse Control .87 (.69, 1.00)

Mastery .07 (-.14, .27) .80 (.71, .89)

Impulse control and Educational value A1 A2


Edu value .32 (.05, .61) .47 (.24, .70)

E1 E2


Edu value .02 (-.17, .13) .82 (.75, .90)

Impulse control and incremental intelligence mind-

set

A1 A2

EF .47 (.15, .78)

Intelligence mind-set .20 (-.13, .52) .44 (.22, .66)

E1 E2

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EF .89 (.72, 1.00)

Intelligence mind-set -.02 (-.20, 15) .88 (.79, .96)

Impulse control and RA-rated motivation A1 A2

EF .50 (.20, .79)

RA motivation .10 (-.16, .37) .57 (.47, .68)

E1 E2

EF .87 (.70, 1.00)

RA motivation .10(-.07, .27) .81 (.73, .88)

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Table S6. Multivariate Cholesky Decomposition exploring the genetic and environmental overlap between Processing Speed, EF super-factor, Impulse

Control, and Conscientiousness and Openness super-factors.

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Speed .85 (.76, .93) . . . .

EF .57 (.47, .68) .77 (.69, .86) . . .

Impulse Control .03(-.14, .19) .21 (.04, .38) .56 (.33, .80) . .

Conscientiousness .14 (-.04, .32) .16 (-.03, .34) .43 (.14, .72) .51 (.25, .78) .

Openness .39 (.22, .57) .18 (-.07, .39) .08 (-.27, .41) .18 (-.16, .53) .61 (.39, .82)

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5

Speed .53 (.39, .67) . . . .

EF .22 (.12, .33) .17 (-.07, .41) . . .

Impulse Control .17 (-.07, .40) .14 (-.48, .73) .77 (.57, .96) . .


Openness -.05 (-.23, .14) .34 (-.38, 1.00) -.13 (-.23, .48) -.08 (-.51, .68) .51 (-.14, 1.00)

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Table S7. Multivariate Cholesky Decomposition exploring the genetic and environmental overlap between Processing Speed, EF (constructed from three

domains: Inhibition, Switching and Updating), Impulse Control, and Conscientiousness and Openness super-factors.

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Speed .85 (.76, .93) . . . .

EF (constructed from Inhibition,

Switching and Updating)

.63 (.51, .75) .71 (.58, .83) . . .

Impulse Control .03(-.14, .19) .20 (-.03, .44) .57 (.31, .82) . .


Openness .38 (.21, .56) .16 (-.16, .48) .09 (-.27, .43) .17 (-.18, .51) .61 (.40, .81)

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5

Speed .53 (.39, .67) . . . .

EF(constructed from Inhibition,

Switching and Updating)

.20 (.05, .35) .26 (-.02, .54) . . .

Impulse Control .17 (-.07, .40) -.01 (-.51, .48) .78 (.60, .97) . .


Openness -.05 (-.23, .14) .25 (-.23, .79) -.06 (-.30, .18) -.09 (-.69, .51) .59 (.25, .94)

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Table S8. Multivariate Cholesky Decomposition exploring the genetic and environmental associations between processing speed, self-regulation and educationally relevant aspects of personality for individual EF domains: (a) Switching; (b) Updating; (c) Working Memory; (d) Inhibition.

(a) Switching latent factor

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Speed .85 (.76, .93) . . . .

Switching .68 (.52, .83) .65 (.15, 1.00) . . .

Impulse Control .03 (-.14, .20) .00 (-.41, .41) .60 (.38, .83) . .


Openness .38 (.22, .54) -.04 (-.61, .54) .12 (-.20, .43) .22 (-.12, .56) .58 (.31, .86)

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5

Speed .53 (.39, .67) . . . .

Switching .17 (-.06, .41) .30 (-.65, 1.00) . . .

Impulse Control .16 (-.08, .40) .08 (-.95, 1.10) .78 (.57, .99) . .

Conscientiousness .15 (-.04, .35) .08 (-.90, 1.00) .39 (.11, .69) .53 (.34, .74) .

Openness -.05 (-.25, .14) .32 (-1.00, 1.00) -.09 (-.82, .64) .04 (-.55, .63) .59 (-.90, 1.00)

Note: all paths are standardized; numbers in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals.

(b) Updating latent factor

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Speed .84 (.75, .93) . . . .

Updating .49 (.35, .61) .78 (.68, .88) . . .

Impulse Control .03(-.14, .20) .19 (.07, .31) .56 (.32, .81) . .

Conscientiousness .14 (-.02, .31) .19 (.01, .37) .43 (.14, .72) .51 (.26, .77) .

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Openness .39 (.22, .56) .26 (-.00, .53) .01 (-.34, .37) .20 (-.16, .56) .56 (.31, .81)

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5

Speed .54 (.40, .68) . . . .

Updating .16 (.00, .32) .35 (.19, .52) . . .

Impulse Control .15 (-.08, .39) .08 (.01, .15) .79 (.60, .97) . .


Openness -.04 (-.23, .53) .13 (-.24, .50) -.06 (-.31, .19) .04 (-.22, .30) .64 (.40, .87)


(c) Working Memory latent factor

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Speed .78 (.64, .92) . . . .

Working Memory .73 (.55, .87) .30 (.23, .35) . . .

Impulse Control .09 (-.08, .27) .22 (-.19, .62) .54 (.28, .80) . .

Conscientiousness .18 (.01, .35) .24(-.33, .82) .41 (.06, .74) .50 (.25, .76) .

Openness .45 (.27, .64) -.20 (-.73, .32) .14 (-.34, .63) .24 (-.23, .71) .48 (-.14, .1.00)

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5

Speed .62 (.44, .80) . . . .

Working Memory .04 (-.13, .21) .61 (.41, .82) . . .

Impulse Control .08 (-.13, .29) .27 (.06, .48) .76 (.58, .93) . .


Openness -.08 (-.26, .09) .14 (-.07, .35) -.09 (-.34, .15) .08 (-.17, .33) .63 (.40, .86)

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(d) Inhibition latent factor

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Speed .84 (.75, .93) . . . .

Inhibition .60 (.25, .96) .42 (-.16, 1.00) . . .

Impulse Control .04 (-.13, .21) .61 (.37, .84) .05 (-.68, .79) . .

Conscientiousness .15 (-.00, .31) .46 (-.06, .98) .14 (-1.00, 1.00) .53 (-.58, 1.00) .

Openness .38 (.22, .54) .06 (-.67, .79) .60 (-.24, 1.00) .09(-1.00, 1.00) -.09 (-1.00, 1.00)

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5

Speed .54 (.40, .68) . . . .

Inhibition .10 (-.04, .94) .67 (.33, 1.00) . . .

Impulse Control .13 (-.10, .37) -.04 (-.79, .71) .78 (.61, .95) . .

Conscientiousness .15 (-.02, .33) -.34 (-.80, .13) .38 (.00, .75) .44 (.17, .70) .

Openness -.06 (-.25, .12) .49 (.19, .79) -.04 (-.58, .51) .48 (.16, .80) .00 (-.05, .06)


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Table S9. Multivariate Cholesky Decomposition exploring genetic and environmental association between Processing Speed, gf, EF super-factor, Impulse

Control, Conscientiousness and Openness super-factors, and (a) mathematics, (b) reading

(a) Multivariate Cholesky decomposition including seven latent constructs in the following order: Processing Speed, gf, EF, impulse control,

conscientiousness, openness, and mathematics

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7Speed .86 (.77, .94) . . . . . .gf .64 (.53, .75) .73 (.62, .83) . . . . .EF .58 (.47, .67) .48 (.36, .60) .59 (.51, .66) . . . .Impulse Control .02 (-.14, .18) .10 (-.08, .29) .19 (.01, .38) .57 (.34, .80) . . .Conscientiousness .17 (.02, .33) .13 (-.04, .29) .35 (.18, .51) .41 (.12, .69) .47 (.22, .71) . .Openness .36 (.20, .52) .14 (-.05, .32) .06 (-15, .27) .08 (-.24, .39) .19 (-.14, .51) .58 (.37, .79) .Math .57 (.46, .69) .25 (.08, .43) .45 (.31, .57) .09 (-.11, .27) -.05 (-.27, .16) .11 (-.12, .33) .00 (.00, .00) C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7Speed . . . . . .gf .12 (-.05, .28) . . . . .EF . . . .Impulse Control . . .Conscientiousness . .Openness .Math .47 (.33, .63) .00 (-.00, .01) E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7Speed .52 (.38, .65) . . . . . .gf .04 (-.16, .08) .22 (.10, .34) . . . . .EF .22 (.12, .32) .21 (.07, .34) .05 (-.11, .20) . . . .Impulse Control .18 (-.01, .37) .21 (-.27, .70) .34 (-1.00, 1.00) .66 (-.51, 1.00) . . .Conscientiousness .15 (-.01, .32) .31 (-.01, .64) -.36 (-1.00, .96) .14 (-1.00, .1.00) .41 (-.61, 1.00) . .Openness -.07 (-.26, .13) .22 (-.10, .54) .54 (-.51, 1.00) .13 (-1.00, 1.00) .32 (-1.00 1.00) .05 (-.24, 34) .Math .05 (-.09, .20) .33 (.17, .48) .13 (-.44, .71) .17 (-.42, .77) -.07 (-.88, .75) -.02 (-.11, .74) .00 (.00, .00)

Model fit indices: AIC = 93095.206; BIC = 94120.004, Adj BIC = 93361.336

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Note: all estimates are standardized, numbers in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals.

(b) Multivariate Cholesky decomposition including seven latent constructs in the following order: Processing Speed, gf, EF, impulse control,

conscientiousness, openness, and reading

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7Speed .86 (.78, .94)gf .65 (.54, .75) .71 (.60, .82)EF .58 (.48, .68) .48 (.35, .61) .59 (.51, .67)Impulse Control .02 (-.11, .15) .06 (-.07, .24) .21 (.05, .37) .58 (.35, .80)Conscientiousness .14 (-.01, .30) -.13 (-.29, 1.00) .31 (.14, .49) .36 (.10, .63) .49 (.30, .68)Openness .39 (.22, .57) .13 (-.05, .31) .12 (-.09, .35) .12 (-.16, .39) .12 (-.15, .39) .62 (.45, .80)Reading .47 (.36, .58) .34 (.18, .50) .48 (.35, .61) .11 (-.08, .31) .22 (.02, .43) .36 (.17, .54) .00 (.00, .00) C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7Speed -gf - .17 (-.00, .34)EF - - -Impulse Control - - - -Conscientiousness - - - - -Openness - - - - - -Reading - .34 (.18, .50) - - - - .00 (.00, .00) E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7Speed .51 (.37, .65)gf -.05 (-.17, .07) .22 (.07, .37)EF .20 (.10, .31) .21 (.04, .38) .06 (-.13, .23)Impulse Control .18 (-.05, .41) .24 (-.27, .78) -.50 (-1.00, 1.00) .52 (-.1.00, 1.00)Conscientiousness .16 (-.01, .34) .32 (-.04, .67) .35 (-1.00, 1.00) .12 (-1.00, 1.00) .46 (-.54, 1.00)Openness .07 (-.26, .12) .22 (-.11, .56) .41 (-1.00, 1.00) .13 (-1.00, 1.00) .16 (-1.00, 1.00) .38 (-1.00, 1.00)Reading .13 (.02, .25) .15 (-.09, .39) -.03 (-.86, .80) -.25 (-1.00, .65) .02 (-1.00, 1.00) .16 (-1.00, 1.00) .01 (-.01, .01)

Model fit indices: AIC = 95295.854; BIC = 96342.092; Adj BIC = 95567.552Note: all estimates are standardized, numbers in parentheses are 95% confidence interval

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Figure S1. Multivariate Cholesky decomposition partitioning the variance into genetic (A), shared environmental (C) and nonshared environmental (E)

components.

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supp.apa.org · web view‘same but different’: associations between multiple aspects of...

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