superbeams with spl at cern
DESCRIPTION
Superbeams with SPL at CERN. 1. Introduction 2. SPL principle and characteristics 3. On-going R&D 4. Staging 5. Summary and Conclusion. SPL = Superconducting Proton Linac A concept for modern high intensity proton beams at CERN based on a high-energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 1 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Superbeams with SPL Superbeams with SPL at CERNat CERN
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
2. SPL principle and characteristics2. SPL principle and characteristics
3. On-going R&D3. On-going R&D
4. Staging4. Staging
5. Summary and Conclusion5. Summary and Conclusion
SPL = Superconducting Proton Linac
A concept for modern high intensity proton beams at CERN based A concept for modern high intensity proton beams at CERN based on a high-energy Superconducting Linear Acceleratoron a high-energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 2 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
From Neutrino Factory to From Neutrino Factory to Neutrino SuperbeamNeutrino Superbeam
CERN baselinescenario for aneutrino Factory
from decay collected, cooled,accelerated andcirculated in a decay ring
Optimal baseline2000-3000 km
20 m
Decay tunnel
Far detector
Near detector
superbeam
Neutrino Superbeamfrom SPL
from decay, energy 250 MeV
Optimal baselinefor far detector130 km
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 3 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Other Applications of the Other Applications of the Proton DriverProton Driver
Approved physics experimentsApproved physics experiments CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS): increased flux (~ 2) Anti-proton Decelerator: increased flux Neutrons Time Of Flight (TOF) experiments: increased flux ISOLDE: increased flux, higher duty factor, multiple energies... LHC: faster filling time, increased operational margin...
Future potential usersFuture potential users “Conventional” neutrino beam from the SPL “super-beam” Second generation ISOLDE facility (“EURISOL” -like) LHC performance upgrade beyond ultimate…
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 4 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The TeamThe Team
Neutrino Factory Working Group (http://nfwg.home.cern.ch/nfwg/nufactwg/nufactwg.html)
Proton Driver Rings Working Group(http://hos.home.cern.ch/hos/NufactWG/Pdrwg.htm)
Superconducting Proton Linac Working Group(http://cern.web.cern.ch/CERN/Divisions/PS/SPL_SG/)
Target Study Team
Work going on since 1999…
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 5 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The SPL Working GroupThe SPL Working Group
Conceptual Design of the SPL, a High Power Superconducting Proton Linac at CERNEd. M. Vretenar, CERN 2000-012
REFERENCE :
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 6 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The Superconducting Proton The Superconducting Proton Linac: Main PrinciplesLinac: Main Principles
In line with modern High Power Proton Accelerator projects (SNS, JKJ,…)
Re-use of the LEP RF equipment (SC cavities, cryostats, klystrons, waveguides, circulators, etc.)
The LEP klystron
Storage of the LEP cavities in the ISR tunnel
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 7 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
H-
RFQ RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 0.52 0.7 0.8 dump
Source Low Energy section DTL Superconducting section
45 keV 3 MeV 120 MeV 2.2 GeV
40MeV 237MeV
11.5 m 55 m 584 m
PS / Isolde
Stretching andcollimation line
Accumulator Ring
Debunching
383MeV
665 m
DTL CCDTLchopping
H- source, 25 mA14% duty cycle
Fast chopper
(2 ns transition time)
Cell Coupled Drift Tube Linac
new SC cavities: =0.52,0.7,0.85-cell 0.8 cavities replacing 4-cell 1 cavities in the LEP cryostatRF system:
• freq.: 352 MHz• amplifiers: tetrodes and LEP klystrons
The Superconducting Proton The Superconducting Proton Linac: Design (1)Linac: Design (1)
2.2 GeV energy:• direct injection into PS• threshold for production
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 8 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The SPL: Design (2)The SPL: Design (2)
Input Output No. of Peak RF No. of No. of No. of Lengthenergy energy cavities power klystrons tetrodes Quads(MeV) (MeV) (MW) (m)
Source, LEBT - 0.045 - - - - - 2
RFQ 0.045 3 1 0.5 1 - - 2.4Chopper line 3 3 7 0.6 - 5 12 9.1
DTL 7 120 79 13.6 17 - 160 55 120 236 42 1.5 - 42 28 101 236 383 32 1.9 - 32 16 80 383 1111 52 9.5 13 - 26 166 1111 2235 76 14.6 19 - 19 237Debunching 2235 2235 4 - 1 - 2 13
Total 293 42.2 51 79 263 665.5
Section
54 cryostats, 32 directly from LEP,the others reconstructed
51 LEP-type klystrons (44 used in LEP)
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 9 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
SPL Beam SpecificationsSPL Beam Specifications
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 10 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
T= 2.2 GeVIDC = 13 mA (during the pulse)IBunch= 22 mA3.85 108 protons/bunchlb(total) = 44 ps*H,V=0.6 m r.m.s
(140 + 6 empty)per turn
845 turns( 5 140 845 bunches per pulse)
no beam
2.8 ms
20 ms
140 bunches
20 ms
3.2 s
Charge exchangeinjection
845 turns
PROTON ACCUMULATORTREV = 3.316 s
(1168 periods @ 352.2 MHz)
1 ns rms(on target)
22.7 ns
TARGET
H+140 bunches1.62 1012 protons/bunchlb(rms) = 1 ns (on target)
Fast ejection
KICKER20 ms
3.3 slb(total) = 0.5 ns
DRIFT SPACE+
DEBUNCHER
H-
11.4 ns
22.7 ns
5bunches
Fast injection(1 turn)
BUNCH COMPRESSORTREV = 3.316 s
(1168 periods @ 352.2 MHz)
BUNCHROTATIONRF (h=146)
Fast ejection
RF (h=146)
3 emptybuckets
17.2 ms
The Accumulator – The Accumulator – Compressor SchemeCompressor Scheme
Two Rings in the ISR Tunnel
Accumulator:3.3 s burst of 144 bunches at44 MHz
Compressor:Bunch length reduced to 3 ns
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 11 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Parameter Value Unit Mean beam power 4 MW Kinetic energy 2.2 GeV Repetiton rate 50 Hz Pulse duration 3.3 s Number of bunches 140 Pulse intensity 2.27 1014 p/pulse Bunch spacing (Bunch frequency)
22.7 (44)
ns (MHz)
Bunch length () 1 ns
Relative momentum spread () 510-3
Norm. horizontal emittance () 50 m.rad
Characteristics of the beam Characteristics of the beam sent to the targetsent to the target
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 12 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Layout on the CERN site Layout on the CERN site
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 13 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Cross sectionCross section
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 14 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
SPL R&D TopicsSPL R&D Topics
1. Minimise beam loss to avoid activation of the machine (loss<1 W/m)Beam Dynamics studies, optimise layout and beam optics
2. Chopper structure to create a time distribution in the beam that minimises losses in the accumulator
Travelling wave deflector with rise time <2 ns3. Efficient room-temperature section (W<120 MeV)
CCDTL concept4. Development of SC cavities for <1
Sputtering techniques5. Pulsing of LEP klystrons
Built for CW, operated at 50 Hz, 14% duty6. Pulsing of SC cavities and effects of vibrations on beam quality
Low power (feedback), high power (phase and amplitudemodulators) and active (piezos) compensation techniques
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 15 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
H-
RFQ RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 RFQ1 chop. RFQ2 0.52 0.7 0.8 dump
Source Low Energy section DTL Superconducting section
45 keV 3 MeV 120 MeV 2.2 GeV
40MeV 237MeV
11.5 m 55 m 584 m
PS / Isolde
Stretching andcollimation line
Accumulator Ring
Debunching
383MeV
665 m
DTL CCDTLchopping
Collaboration on RFQs with CEA-IN2P3 (IPHI)
and INFN Legnaro
352 MHz test place prepared (planned tests of CEA-built DTL structures in 2002)
3 D view of a coupled cavitydrift tube module(CCDTL)
Chopper structure
-Full performance prototype tested-Driver amplifier in development
Scaled model (1 GHz) in test
SPL R&D – Low EnergySPL R&D – Low Energy
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 16 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The =0.7 4-cell prototype
CERN technique of Nb/Cu sputteringfor =0.7, =0.8 cavities (352 MHz): excellent thermal and mechanical stability (very important for pulsed systems) lower material cost, large apertures, released tolerances, 4.5 K operation with Q = 109
Bulk Nb or mixed technique for =0.52 (one 100 kW tetrode per cavity)
0.1
1
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Eacc [MV/m]
Q/1
09
0.8 single cellLEP0.7 4-cells0.8 5-cells
SPL R&D – Low Beta SC SPL R&D – Low Beta SC CavitiesCavities
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 17 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Mod anode driver
RF output power(800 kW max.)
5 ms/div
1 ms/div
LEP power supplies and klystrons are capable to operate in pulsed mode after minor modifications
14/05/2001 - H. Frischholz
SPL R&D – Pulsing of LEP SPL R&D – Pulsing of LEP KlystronsKlystrons
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 18 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Effecton field regulation
Effect onthe beam
unsolved problem ! Needs work (high power ph.&l. modulators, piezos,…)
similar difficulties are likely in the muon accelerators!
SPL R&D – SPL R&D – RF power distribution RF power distribution & field regulation in the SC cavities& field regulation in the SC cavities
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 19 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Test of a 3 MeV HTest of a 3 MeV H-- injector injector In collaboration with CEA-IN2P3 exploiting the IPHI set-up
120 MeV H120 MeV H-- linac in the PS South Hall linac in the PS South Hall Goal: increase beam intensity for CNGS and improve
characteristics of all proton beams (LHC, ISOLDE…) Under study: detailed design report with cost estimate in 2003 Needs new resources (collaborations, manpower, money)
Full SPL Full SPL
StagingStaging
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 20 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
"NEW LINAC" Layout in the PS South Hall - version 5.2.2002
12.0
m
PS Access
RF Workshop
Loading Area
Storage AreaRFQ Test stand352 MHz Test StandLoading
Area
Increased brightness for LHC, 1.8 the flux to CNGS & ISOLDE, … (with upgrades to the PSB, PS & SPS)very cost-effective facility: hall and infrastructure are available in the PS
all the RF is recuperated from LEP shielding is done with LEP dipoles!
To the PSB
H- source
Beam dump
LEIR
PS
The SPL Front-end (120 MeV) in the PS The SPL Front-end (120 MeV) in the PS South Hall (intermediate proton intensity South Hall (intermediate proton intensity
increase)increase)
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 21 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
The 120 MeV LinacThe 120 MeV Linac
75 m
(100 m available in PS South Hall)
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M. Vretenar for the SPL W.G. 22 NBI2002 - 18/03/2002
Summary and ConclusionSummary and Conclusion
The SPL design is improving, R&D is going onThe SPL design is improving, R&D is going on
Work in progress on most items, based on Work in progress on most items, based on collaborationscollaborations
A staged approach is proposedA staged approach is proposed
Feedback (and support !) is needed from potential Feedback (and support !) is needed from potential usersusers