summary of smart building

Honeywell.com

SMART BUILDINGS

An Inteliigent Business Proposition

Get green, safe and productive

https://www.honeywell.com/newsroom/news/2015/10/put-your-building-to-work-honeywell-smart-building-score-provides-smart-approach-to-better-facilities-and-business-results

https://www.honeywell.com/newsroom/news/2015/10/put-your-building-to-work-honeywell-smart-building-score-provides-smart-approach-to-better-facilities-and-business-results

What is an intelligent building?A building… • who’s systems are self reliant

• with sensors relaying data

• that uses the latest technology

• that is the future of buildings

Anthony Piscielli : Intelligent Building

DefinitionsSmart Building:

A building that provides a productive and cost-effective environment through optimization of its four basic components - structure, systems, services and management - and the interrelationships between them." Source: Intelligent Buildings Institute (IBI)

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 29.11.2002

Intelligent buildings are buildings that through their physical design and IT installations are responsive, flexible and adaptive to changing needs from its users and the organisations that inhabit the building during it's life time. The building will supply services for its inhabitants, its administration and operation & maintenance. The intelligent building will accomplish transparent 'intelligent' behaviour, have state memory, support human and installation systems communication, and be equipped with sensors and actuators.

Per Christiansson (2000)

Jean-Christophe HUTT : Energy Efficiency and Intelligent Buildings

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Smart Buildings• Many new buildings are

being built with complex building automation systems

• Sensors and control systems create rich information streams

• Access to these streams is restricted

• This information could be useful to building users as well as administrators

Jodie P. Boyer, Kaijun Tan, Carl A. Gunter : Privacy Sensitive Location Information Systems in Smart Buildings

Source: Technology Roadmap forIntelligent Buildings (http://www.caba.org/trm)

Ron Zimmer, Intelligent Buildings - Meter Reading and Energy Management

Definition of Intelligent Building Technologies

“ The use of integrated technological building systems, communications and controls to create a building and its infrastructure which provides the owner, operator and occupant with an environment which is flexible, effective, comfortable and secure.”


Intelligent building characteristics (1)

1. be flexible and responsive to different usage and environmental contexts such as office, home, hotel, and industry invoking different kinds of loads from nature, people, and building systems,

2. be able to change states (clearly defined) with respect to functions and user demands over time and building spaces (easy to program and re-program during use)

3. support human communication (between individuals and groups)

4. provide transparent intelligence and be simple and understandable to the users (support ubiquitous computers and networks)





5. have a distributed long term and short term memory

6. contain tenant, O&M, and administration service systems

7. support introduction of new (sometimes not yet defined) services

8. be equipped with sensors (stationary and mobile) for direct or indirect input and manipulation of signals from users, systems and the building structure

9. be equipped with actuators for direct or indirect manipulation installations and the building structure





10.accomplish 'intelligent' behaviour (self diagnosis, trigger actions on certain events and even learn from use)

11.integrate different IBI systems to form complex systems

12.contain IBI life time standardized solutions as far as possible

13.be well documented (in 3D with functional descriptions) available in Virtual Reality with physical structure overlay





14.provide canalization (information roads) that shall house 'wires' carrying new services

15.be able to handle high band width information transfer.

16.provide dynamic secure information domains (i.e not based on a non-routed Ethernet in a residential block)

17.be open to efficient communication between applications based on for example XML implementations (Christiansson 1998), and platform independent solutions as Jini on Java Virtual Machines, (see http://www.sun.com/jini)



http://www.sun.com/jini

CommonalitiesGreen Building Smart Building

Integrated design

Individual comfort control

Indoor environmental quality

Productive workplace

Flexibility

Energy efficiency

Automatic climate response

Advanced controls

Eco-friendly materials

Advanced security and communications

systems

Advanced structural system

Water efficiency

Ecological site planning

Transportation efficiency

Smarter Building - Potential Business Benefits

Physical buildings and assets

• Identify/exploit strategic property opportunities. • Avoid costly property holdings

• Drive space utilisation using technology• Improve comfort and employee efficiency• Automate corporate environmental reporting

• Energy and carbon monitoring & management

• Asset Management• Reduce redundant assets• Improve projects for efficiency• Optimise maintenance activity• Lower building operation costs• Streamline operational processes• Share services and data across the portfolio

• Collection of building control information• Lower risk of significant failures• Building operations stable safe and secure• Physical & logical security and control

Strategic savings

10%-20%savings

10%-30%savings

10%-20%savings

Vitalenabling

measurement

Lessdowntime

Potential business benefits

Smarter

Inter-connected

Instrumented

Intelligent

Smarter

Inter-connected

Instrumented

Intelligent

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Smart buildings enable smart people

Top (Level 3)Ambient intelligenceProductivity, CommerceMiddle (Level 2)Egress, signage, security, locationBase (Level 1)Power, air, water, data

Peop

le

cent

ric

Smart Building Capabilities Customer Needs

DI Vesna Glatz : EMPOWERING Smart buildings enable productive people

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Content

What are the known problems and likely development paths?

Which techniques to use in

What's important inside a smart building?

Neeme Takis : Smart buildings influencing the living environment

What’s important?• A smart building should

– improve occupants' comfort,

– achieve energy savings where possible,

– avoid or reduce damages by sending warnings

– increase security compared to the traditional.


• How?– Using the

cheapening power of communication and computing we have at our reach today

– Forcing the subsystems to work together, not independently (or even against each other)

Improving comfort. Control Quality

• Get rid of open loop– Heating example: most of the installed water based

heating systems are primitive, setting the on-flow temperature according to the current outdoor temperature (not interested in the actual result at all)



– If the actual result is not measured by the control system, then no disturbances from the sun radiation or wind can be compensated

– Room thermostats are common to take actual temperature into account, but due to the thermal inertia the result of their action is a fluctuation around the setpoint temperature


Improving comfort. Control Quality– The solution: closed loop control

• Single loop for simple cases


Improving comfort. Control Quality• Cascaded loops for real life (with limit settings)



– The amount of time shifting depends• On change direction• On building parameters (heat losses, installed power of heating)• On “step height” of the outdoor temperature drop or increase


– Weather forecast can be used well before the significant change in the outdoor environment conditions, for time shifted

• change in the setpoints• heating stopping before the outdoor temperature increase

Use predictive information

Achieve savings. General• In some cases improving the control quality will already result in

energy savings as well (by avoiding unnecessary heating)

• Other things to do– Eliminate the unnecessary energy spendings

• like simultaneous heating and cooling…– Use the hourly tariff and time-shift the electricity consumption peaks

if possible• washing the dishes in the cheapest hours• storing the heating energy into a tank wisely• Switch off heat pump during peak hours if possible


Achieve savings. Dishwasher example

• There are no diswashers (to my knowledge) that can find the cheapest hour on their own

• But they all continue after the power break from where they were

• So start the washer and press a button (actual or virtual) to stop the process

• Power will be returned on time to use the cheapest possible time to be ready with the washing before the next morning


Achieve savings. Heat pump example

• With air-to-air heat pumps the efficiency of the pump depends on the outdoor temperature (may even drop below 1 during cold weather!)

• Depending on the availability of other sources of energy (gas, wood, direct electric heating) it may be reasonable to switch between them depending on the hourly prices on electric energy

• …Or just switch off the heat pump during the peak hours.


Achieve savings. Direct heating example

• If a storage tank is in use for nightly heating, replace the primitive day/night tariff switching or simple timer based control with a price-aware solution

• Estimating how much heat energy is needed next day, charge the tank with heat energy during the cheapest hours

• Charge to the needed level only (not more)


Avoiding damages. Water leakage example

• Water leaks are costly and hard to detect– Water can make more harm than fire– Water detectors cannot be installed everywhere

• A water meter with good (1 liter) resolution will help, if (any of the following)– the water consumption pattern is known– building occupancy is know– movements in the rooms can be detected

• Some decision-making power is needed. Doable.


Avoiding damages. Equipment monitoring

• The increased relative to the historical average (and working conditions) energy consumption of one or another device may be a signal of– Improperly closed refrigerator door– Loss of cooling agent in the cooling system– Decreased efficiency of pumps or filters

• A professional can see the abnormalities and raise warnings by looking at the trending graphs

• The building automation system should do the same based on historical and current data


Smart Cities segments at Schneider Electric

WHAT IS SMART GRID??

A complete, flexible, cost-effective approach to digital transformation

It is an electric grid that uses information and communication technology to gather data and act on information about the behaviour of suppliers and consumers in an automated fashion. Hence Smart Grid is a generic label for the application of computer, intelligence and networking abilities to the existing dumb electricity distribution systems.

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Smart GridUses information technologies to improve how electricity travels from power plants to consumersAllows consumers to interact with the gridIntegrates new and improved technologies into the operation of the grid

Fatemeh Saremi, PoLiang Wu, and Heechul Yun

SMART GRID COMPONENTS

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION

INFORMATION TRANSFER

PHASOR MEASUREMENT

SMART METER

POWER OUTRAGE NOTIFICATION AND POWER QUALITY MONITORING

SMART METERSRECOGNIZES AND DETAILS ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION

RELAYS INFORMATION TO CENTRAL MONITORING STATIONS

WILL REPLACE TRADITIONAL METERS

TIME OF DAY CHARGES.

WHY SMART GRID??

REDUCE CARBON FOOT-PRINTSIMPROVE DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT

AND DECISION SUPPORT SOFTWARESELF-HEALINGAUTOMATED CONTROL FOR DISTRIBUTIONSENSING AND MEASUREMENT

TECHNOLOGIESINCREASED EFFICIENCY

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Smart Grid Attributes

Information-based

CommunicatingSecureSelf-healingReliableFlexibleCost-effectiveDynamically

controllable

Fatemeh Saremi, PoLiang Wu, and Heechul Yun

EX Smart Grid CLP