summary in urdu

8/2/2019 Summary in Urdu......

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SUMMARY:

Yeh article discuss kar raha ha risk management aur

derivation k influences financial crises pe. Robertmerton se interview liya jar aha ha jis ne kafi bara

role play kiya ha method of valuing the derivation

bnanay mein. Us ko nolbe prize mila tha 20027

mein. Is derivation ki value ajj $500 trillion mark

hogye ha. Yeh erticle interview ki form mein ha.

Yahan 6 questions dicuss kiye gay hian.

Q1)..is mein yeh discuss kiya ha k robert marton

ko nai lagta k derivation ka koi khass role ha

financial crisis mein wo sifr investment tool ki tarha

use kiye jaty hian. Wo yeh b kehta ha k hmein

trade-off karna parta ha benefits aur innovation k

beech. Hmein innovation ko totally ignore karna

pary ga.aur kaha ha k innovation ko baan karna aisa

ha jaisay cars ko baan karna global warming ko

reduce karnay k liye.

Q2)is mein yeh btaya ha k derivation ap ko

insight deti ha riskiness of conention banking asset

pe. Wo yeh kehta ha k loan k composit asset k 2

part hoty hian. Aik loan and second guarantee.


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Donu aik sath risk free assets hian. Wo yeh b kehta

ha k loan jin k sath guarantee nai hoti wo b risk free

hain q k unki guarantee ap khud dety ho jo loan lety

ho.aur yeh b kaha k guarantee k traits putoption k

jaisay hain jo k aik widely used security ha.

Q3)is mein us ne kaha k derivation experience

hmein btata ha un risk k bary mein jo bank ko face

karta ha creises k time pe yahan tak k wo laon band

karty hian phr b grow karti ha risk.convexity k bary

mein btaya ha k jo k option risk ha. Is ka matlab k

agar underlying asset ki price kam hoti ha to, to

price and risk of putoption or guranteeincreases

disproportionately.

Q4) is mein yeh smajta ha k log manage nai kar

payein gay trouble loans k portfolio ko aur jald se

jald unko sell kardain gay jis ki waja se tax payer

will lose out. So wo yeh suggestion day raha ha k

government aisay sovereign wealth fund establish

karain jo managers independentaly run karein ta kgovernment ko puray paiasay milain jb assets ko

sell Karin.


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Q5) ..is mein wo bta raha ha k hmein changes karni

chaye apnay regulatory system mein.yeh changes

ahin aisey he likh lena

o We should require all the financial

companies to report positions on fair value

rather than book basis.

o We have to create a central clearing

system for OTC derivatives trading ofcontracts that can be standardized.

o For custom derivatives or for non-

financial firms there should be position

limits to prevent these non-centrally

cleared contracts from creating asystematic risk.

o We would also require that senior

management teams, board members

regulators of financial institutions

demonstrate adequate understanding of the

financial technology and risk management

concepts to perform their oversights roles

effectively.


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Q6) Is mein who suggest kar raha ha financial

market ki safety hum deployment of anothercheck sytem like NTSB k through kar sakty

hian.yeh regolator to nai ha bt is ki finding

available hain aur yeh inform karta ha decision

of regulator, law makers or industry and public.

Ko. Independent regulatory body bnanay se yeh

fiada ha k yeh ensure kary ga k jo b regulation

bnay ja rahay hain they are best and least-

biased information pe bnay hian.

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