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QUALITY OF LIFE FOR ALL: A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR INDIA’S CLIMATE POLICY

November 2015

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• Poor quality of life (QoL) for large sections of society deprived of access to energy services, clean air, fresh water

• Emerging development challenges include energy security and resource constraints

• Need for a responsible strategy for international climate policy

Motivation

Sustainable Development Framework

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The Study• Examined two scenarios for India’s development by

2030– Policy or business as usual (BAU) – Sustainable development (SD)

• Covered energy use and production sectors (accounting for ~70% GHG emissions)

• Quantified QoL metrics (next slide) and GHG emissions

Scope

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Sustainability IndicatorsIndicator Metric Description Unit Sectors Reporting

the Indicator

Energy security Import dependence Fossil fuel imports Mt, BCM Cross cuttingAir quality Ambient air pollution Pollution from Transport,

Electricity, IndustryMt Transport, Power,

Industry

Natural resource use

Water Savings

Land Footprint

Metals and Minerals

Collection, recovery and efficiencyIndustrial Mining and Urban Buildingsiron ore, limestone and bauxite

MCM

Hectares (Ha)

Mt

Cross-cutting

Industry, BuildingsIndustry

Material use Material reduction Building Material Chemical fertilizer use

Mt Buildings, Agriculture

Inclusivity Access Electricity and modern cooking fuels

% Cooking, Power

Health Deaths and DALYs Indoor air pollution Number Cooking

Drudgery Hours spent Time spent on fuel collection

Hours Cooking

KEY FINDINGS

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Sustainability Indicators – SummaryIndicator Metric 2030-BAU 2030-SD Improvement/

Reduction

Energy security Import Dependence Coal – 449 Mt Oil – 235 Mt Gas – 33 BCM

300 182 87

33%23%

-163%

Air quality (Mt) Ambient Air Pollution PM2.5 – 27 NOx – 24 SO2 – 14

1618 8

41% 33%75%

Material Use

Chemical Fertiliser (kg/ha) 122 92 25%

Building Material Requirement

3-13% reduction in requirements owing to vertical development

Raw Material Demand (Mt) Iron Ore: 446Limestone: 961

Bauxite: 20Wood (Mn Trees): 17 (36)

33178716

10 (22)

28%18%21%39%

Inclusivity Access to modern cooking fuels in households

Access to electricity

61%

75%

81%

100%

33%

33%

Health Mortality (deaths)Morbidity (million DALYs)

36,00011

15,0004

58%64%

Drudgery Hours spent 67,000 22,000 67%

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Natural Resource Footprint

2030-BAU 2030-SD Saving

Coal 41,438 29,407 29%

Limestone 9,613 7,872 18%

Bauxite 201 158 21%

Iron Ore 4,463 3,308 26%

Total 55,715 40,745 27%

Land Footprint from Mining (hectares)

Water Sectors 2030-BAU 2030-SD Improvement

Industrial Waste Water Recovery 2,700 4,724 74%

Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting 748 2,016 169%

Water Savings in Agriculture 69,000 146,000 111%

Water Demand from Thermal Power Plants 9,209 6,519 29%

Water Footprint from Mining 25,967 18,669 28%

Water Impacts of Sustainability Interventions (MCM)

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Fuel wise Electricity Generation

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Installed Capacity

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Ambient Air Pollution

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Drudgery, Deaths and DALYs due to Household Cooking

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Emission Reduction over BAU 2030

Emissions Intensity in BAU and SD Pathways

Emissions in BAU and SD Pathways(~30% reduction in SD compared with BAU)

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CSTEP’s SD Pathway

• India needs a quality of life, SD framework for its national climate policy

• Emissions intensity cut by 16% over 2012 levels; 27-30% over 2005 levels

• 44 % of cumulative installed capacity from fossil free sources by 2030

• Consumption of imported coal and oil reduces by 40% and 24%; gas increases by 58%

India’s INDC commitment

• Promote a healthy and sustainable way of living

• Cut GHG emissions intensity by up to 35% from 2005 levels

• 40% cumulative electric power installed capacity from fossil free resources by 2030

• Considers universal energy access and energy security as one of the fundamental development goals for the country

SD Pathway and India’s INDC – A Comparison

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• India’s INDC commitment is focussed towards a Sustainable Development (SD) paradigm

• Emission Reduction – Renewable Energy, Efficiency Gains and other sector

oriented technology upgradation are key interventions

• Better QoL– Access to Energy Services, Resource Sufficiency,

Reduced Air Pollution and Reduced Import Dependence

Conclusion