sug532 - advanced geodesy final report

8/8/2019 SUG532 - Advanced Geodesy Final Report

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MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNO BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND

ADVANCED GEODESY (SUG532) ___________________________________

___________________________________

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Global Positioning System (G

reliable positioning, navigation,

basis freely available to all. For

and time. GPS provides accur

people in all weather, day and ni

The GPS is made up of three p

on Earth; and the GPS receiver

that are picked up and identifie

dimensional location (latitude, lo

This system consists of three s

segment.

• The space segment con

transmit one-way signals

• The control segment con

satellites in their proper

satellite clocks. It track

maintains health and stat

• The user segment consi

from the GPS satellites

three-dimensional positio

There are also several method

observing satellite today is stati

method.

The basis of the GPS technolog

These satellites are equipped wi

and their location. These radio

Once the GPS receiver locks on

from the known positions of the

OGYSURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) Comparison Betwee

and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

S) is a space-based radio navigation syste

and timing services to civilian users on a conti

anyone with a GPS receiver, the system will

ate location and time information for an unli

ght, anywhere in the world.

rts: satellites orbiting the Earth; control and m

owned by users. GPS satellites broadcast si

d by GPS receivers. Each GPS receiver the

ngitude, and altitude) plus the time.

gments: the space segment, the control segm

sists of a nominal constellation of 24 operati

that give the current GPS satellite position and

sists of worldwide monitor and control stations

orbits through occasional command maneuver

the GPS satellites, uploads updated navig

us of the satellite constellation.

sts of the GPS receiver equipment, which rec

and uses the transmitted information to cal

n and time.

on how to observe the satellite. The most p

c, kinematic, DGPS and etc. In our practical

is a set of 24 satellites that are continuously

th atomic clocks and send out radio signals as

signals from the satellites are picked up by th

to four or more of these satellites, it can trian

atellites

Fieldwork Reportn Conventional MethodPS Frequency Method

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m that provides

nuous worldwide

provide location

ited number of

nitoring stations

nals from space

provides three-

nt, and the user

ng satellites that

time.

that maintain the

s, and adjust the

tional data, and

ives the signals

ulate the user’s

pular method of

e use the static

rbiting the earth.

to the exact time

e GPS receiver.

ulate its location





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2.0 FIELD WORK AND LO

GPS Observation, Traversing an

The green line is the G

3.0 OBJECTIVES

- To learn and experience

- To analyze the accuracy

-To determine the differen


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

ATION

d Fly – leveling nearby the UITM Canseleri are

PS observation network and the red line is the t

in observing satellite by using static method

in determining coordinate of a position by usin

t results between conventional and GPS obser


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a

raverse

GPS

ation data.





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4.0 INSTRUMENTS

4.1

Top

surv

and

the

obs

4.2

Lev

takin

refe

Lev

4.3

Mag

allo

4.4

Top

sate

sate

hard

Ga

rece

by w


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Set of Traversing Equipment

con Total Station is the most important in

ey works. It is used in traversing and to obt

distance. Prism used as a reflector unit wher

information about bearing and distance

rvation

Set of Levelling Equipment

lling Instrument is to measure the geodetic

g a backsight and a foresight from the kn

ence to a proposed site.

lling Staff is to give a value of height which m

Set of GPS Single Frequency Equipmen

ellan Promark 3 is single frequency GPS e

s centimeter level static surveys.

Set of GPS Dual Frequency Equipment

con HiPer Ga/Gb is model receiver has st

llite tracking capability with the added bonus o

llite tracking upgradeability via OAF activatio

ware changes or modifications are required. U

s a cable free RTK base and rover system; or

ivers from a fixed base station or a GNSS net

ay of radio or cellular communication.


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strument in

in bearings

e it will give

during the

eight which

own height

arked on it.

quipment. It

ndard GPS

GLONASS

n code. No

e the HiPer

as two rover

ork system





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5. PROCEDURES

5.1 Procedure of Traverse

i. The traverse started wit

bearing is station 1 and t

back station and front st

ii. The bearing, horizontal d

iii. The procedure is repeatclose back to the line of


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

h the total station is being set up at station

he front bearing is at station 3. The height of in

tion is taken.

istance, vertical angle is observed with the bot

ed to the next station 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. untto 2


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2 and the back

strument and the

face.

il the traverse is





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5.2 Procedure of GPS Obs

a) Setup instrument at Stati

set as “Rover”.

b) Configure both instrume

antenna.

c) After finish configuring fo

at every quadrant.

d) Observation can be start

the minimum is 4 satellit

e) Also aware about the G

we must wait until the re

f) The observation took fo

another station.

g) The base is just remain

station 6, 7, and 10 befor


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

rvation

on 1 and set as “Base” and another instrument

nts for a static mode observation and meas

r both instruments, wait for the receiver to det

ed when the receiver displays the sufficient sa

s required.

OP reading at the receiver, if the reading sh

ding of the GDOP is less than 6.

r 20 minutes duration for each rover station

ed at the Station 1 and the above process is

e it is completed.


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at Station 4 and

re the height of

ct at the satellite

ellite signal. And

ws more than 6,

before moved to

repeated to the





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5.3 Procedure of Levelling

a) Put the staff on the BM a

b) Put another staff on stati

c) Stand the level instrume

d) Make sure that the dista

e) Then observe the staff at

f) Next observed for forwar

g) Move level on next point

station 2 and observe

h) Repeated the step f until

i) The same procedure go


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

s a back sight

n 1 as forward sight

t in between both staff

ce between staff and level for back and forwar

the back sight first and record the reading

d sight staff and record the reading

and put staff at station 1 as back sight and pu

the last station and then we must go back to th

on and observation are made and record


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sight are equal

another staff on

e 1 station.





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6.0 RESULTS

6.1 Distance Comparison

BEARING AN

FR NORTHING EASTING

1 -11464.245 -22207.873

1 -11464.245 -22207.873

1 -11464.245 -22207.873

1 -11464.245 -22207.873

BEARING AND DISTANC

Conversion of the observe

FR NORTHING EASTING

BASE 1 -11464.245 -22207.873

BASE 1 -11464.245 -22207.873

BASE 1 -11464.245 -22207.873

BASE 1 -11464.245 -22207.873

BASE 1

ROVER 10

ROVER 4

ROVER 6

ROVER 7


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

DISTANCE FROM CONVENSIONAL METHOD

TO NORTHING EASTING BEARI

4 -11425.033 -22075.600 73 29 15

6 -11539.944 -22028.846 112 55 1

7 -11618.315 -22048.338 134 00 0

10 -11540.230 -22149.832 142 37 3

FROM GPS SINGLE FREQUENCY (PROMARK)

d Global WGS84 Coordinate to the Local Cassini C

TO NORTHING EASTING BE

ROVER 4 -11425.053 -22075.590 73

ROVER 6 -11539.951 -22028.820 112

ROVER 7 -11618.336 -22048.309 134

ROVER 10 -11540.215 -22149.771 142


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G DISTANCE

.63 137. 963

.35 194.373

.91 221.786

.40 95.616

METHOD

oordinate

ARING DISTANCE

9 48.55 137. 967

55 09.45 194.400

00 01.23 221.821

35 28.22 95.641





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BEARING AND DISTAN

Conversion of the observe

FR NORTHING EASTING

* BASE 1 -11465.518 -22207.332

BASE 1 -11465.518 -22207.332

BASE 1 -11465.518 -22207.332

BASE 1 -11465.518 -22207.332

* The Observation 1 – 4 is a mistak

previous observation.

BASE 1

ROVER 4

ROVER 6

ROVER 7

ROVER 10


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

CE FROM GPS DUAL FREQUENCY (TOPCON) M

d Global WGS84 Coordinate to the Local Cassini C

TO NORTHING EASTING B

ROVER 4 -11426.337 -22075.042 89

ROVER 6 -11541.238 -22028.284 11

ROVER 7 -11619.622 -22047.755 13

ROVER 10 -11541.495 -22149.231 14

. The station 4 was being observed not at the sam


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ETHOD

oordinate

ARING DISTANCE

55 17.79 132.290

55 25.19 194.401

00 01.53 221.840

35 39.10 95.646

station with the





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THE BEARING AN

FR TO METHOD

1 4 TraverseGPS Static Single Fr

GPS Static Dual Fre

1 6 Traverse

GPS Static Single Fr

GPS Static Dual Fre

1 7 Traverse


GPS Static Dual Fre

1 10 Traverse


GPS Static Dual Fre

* The Observation 1 – 4 is a mistak

previous observation.


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

D DISTANCE COMPARISON FROM ALL METHO

INSTRUMENT BEARI

quency

quency

TOPCON Total StationPROMARK GPS

TOPCON GPS

73 29 173 29 4

89 55 1

quency

quency

TOPCON Total Station

PROMARK GPS

TOPCON GPS

112 55 1

112 55 0

112 55 2

quency

quency


PROMARK GPS

TOPCON GPS

134 00 0

134 00 0

134 00 0

quency

quency


PROMARK GPS

TOPCON GPS

142 37 3

142 35 2

142 35 3

. The station 4 was being observed not at the sam


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S

G DISTANCE

.63

.55

.79

137. 963137. 967

132.290

.35

.45

.19

194.373

194.400

194.401

.91

1.23

1.53

221.786

221.840

221.840

.40

.22

.10

95.616

95.641

95.646

station with the





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6.2 The Elevation Height C

THE ELEVATION HEIGHT (REDU

FR

(Stn)

EVELAT

(Reduced

1 42.73

1 42.73

1 42.73

THE ELEVATION HEIGHT (ELLIP

FR EVELATI

(Ellipsoidal H

1 39.066

1 39.066

1 39.066

1 39.066

BASE 1

ROVER 10

ROVER 4

ROVER 6

ROVER 7


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

mparison

CED LEVEL) FROM CONVENSIONAL METHOD (

ION

Level)

TO

(Stn)

ELEVATION

(Reduced Level)

DIFFERENC

(Meter)

1 4 31.111 11.260

1 6 40.965 1.766

1 7 52.407 -9.676

SOIDAL) FROM GPS SINGLE FREQUENCY MET

N

eight)

TO ELEVATION

(Ellipsoidal Height)

DIFFERE

4 27.346 11.72

6 37.162 1.904

7 48.551 -9.48

10 58.923 -19.85


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LY-LEVELLING)

S

OD (PROMARK)

CES

7





___________________________________

THE ELEVATION HEIGHT (ELL

FR EVEL

1 38.

1 38.

1 38.

1 38.

THE ELEVATION HEIG

FR TO ME

1 4 Fly - L

GPS Static Si

GPS Static D

1 6 Fly - L

GPS Static Si

GPS Static D

1 7 Fly - L

GPS Static Si

GPS Static D

1 10 Fly - L

GPS Static Si

GPS Static D

BASE 1

ROVER 4

ROVER 6

ROVER 7

ROVER 10


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

IPSOIDAL) FROM GPS DUAL FREQUENCY MET

TION TO ELEVATION DIFFERENCES

52 4 27.051 11.701

52 6 36.893 1.859

52 7 48.284 -9.532

52 10 58.641 -19.889

T DIFFERENCES COMPARISON FROM ALL ME

HOD INSTRUMENT DIF

evelling

ngle Frequency

ual Frequency

Levelling

PROMARK GPS

TOPCON GPS

evelling

ngle Frequency

ual Frequency

Levelling

PROMARK GPS

TOPCON GPS

evelling

ngle Frequency

ual Frequency

Levelling

PROMARK GPS

TOPCON GPS

evelling

ngle Frequency

ual Frequency

Levelling

PROMARK GPS

TOPCON GPS

No


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OD (TOPCON)

THODS

ERENCES

11.260

11.720

11.701

1.766

1.904

1.859

-9.676

-9.485

-9.532

available

19.857

19.889





___________________________________

7.0 DISCUSSIONS

While finishing this fieldwork, we

-Based on data above,

conventional method an

method (L1 & L2). These

1. While observing by

environmental error.

2. We might not accura

For example for the

set up the rover at th

3. Instead for the leveli

station 10 is on the

placed with a car. So

- We are not familiar with

studying the function and

- Weather conditions also

studied and understood

observation in all conditi

-Error in booking is also

we do a booking wrongl

twice and do a proper bo

- We are also not familiar

Tools. This is our first ti

result.


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

had same problem which are:

it showed that there are differences readin

single frequency GPS method (L1) and dua

sequences may occur based on several factor

using total station, errors occur due to h

tely stand the GPS and total station right on

tation 4 of GPS dual frequency observation, w

wrong point. Then we cannot get the appropri

ng we cannot reach to the station 10. It is b

car park, so when is the time we do the leve

we had to leave the station.

he GPS instrument, and we take much time t

how to uses the GPS instruments.

affect our project work because we have n

bout GPS. But, after our lecturer explains that

n of weather, then finally we do it although it is

ne of our problems in finishing the fieldwork.

, the data cannot be process perfectly. So, w

oking on the next observation.

with the GPS processing software of GNSS

me using it and it takes a lot of time and trie


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value between

l frequency GPS

s:

man error and

he station point.

e are mistakenly

ate result.

cause since the

ling, It has been

understand and

t been properly

we can do GPS

raining.

his is because if

e do the leveling

and the Topcon

s to get a better





___________________________________

8.0 CONCLUSION

It can be conclude that GPS syste

be said that GPS receiver pairs ar one of the receivers is positioned

forward as on a traverse), and t

unknown, but are desired. Both

satellites for a period of time that

conditions of observation and preci

The Station occupation time is dep

equipment used. In general, 30 m

shorter baselines of 1 - 30kilometer

For the satellite visibility require

unobstructed view of the sky for a

window." An observation window is

survey can be successfully conduct

It is critical for a static survey bas

same satellites during the same ti

during the time interval 1,000 to 1,

set during the time interval 1,100 to

processed to formulate a correct ve

In data post-processing, after the

from both receivers are then proces

vector components between the t

coordinates may be computed and/

specific receiver operation and b

dependent. The user is strongly

thoroughly along with the baseline

The accuracy of Static is the most a


and Single & Dual __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

accurately can determined the coordinate of a poi

set up over stations of either known or unknownover a point whose coordinates are known (or

e second is positioned over another point whos

PS receivers must receive signals from the sa

can range from a few minutes to several hours,

ion required

ndent on baseline length, number of satellites obse

in to 2 hr is a good approximation for baseline o

s.

ments, the stations that are selected for surv

t least 15 deg or greater above the horizon durin

the period of time when observable satellites are

ed.

line reduction/solution that the receivers simultan

me interval. For instance, if receiver No. 1 obser

00 and another receiver, receiver No. 2, observes

1,300, only the period of common observation, 1,1

ctor difference between these receivers.

observation session has been completed, the rec

sed (i.e., "post-processed") in a computer to calcula

o observed points. From these vector distances,

or adjusted. Mean while, in Receiver Operation and

aseline data post-processing requirements are v

advised to consult and study manufacturer's o

ata reduction examples.

ccurate and can be used for any order survey.


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t. Generally it can

location. Typicallyave been carried

e coordinates are

e four (or more)

depending on the

rved, and the GPS

ccupation time for

y must have an

g the "observation

in the sky and the

ously observe the

ves a satellite set

that same satellite

0 to 1,200, can be

ived GPS signals

te the 3D baseline

local or geodetic

Data Reduction a

ery manufacturer-

erations manuals

sug532 - advanced geodesy final report

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