SuccessSuccessSuccessSuccess storystorystorystory of RES of RES of RES of RES integrationintegrationintegrationintegration in in in in SpainSpainSpainSpainTomás Gómez (Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica)

tomas.gomez@comillas.edu

Jornada IEEE PES Capítulo Español

Madrid, 17 Abril 2018

Research on wind and RES in IITResearch on wind and RES in IITResearch on wind and RES in IITResearch on wind and RES in IIT

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Research on RES at IIT

Projects Publications PhD Thesis

• TWENTIES• Secondary reserve

• Voltage control

• Integration of wind farms in AGC zones

• Offshore wind farm layout optimizer

• SET-Nav Strategy Energy Roadmap

• Market Design: Scenarios 2030-50

ContentsContentsContentsContents

www.twenties-project.eu

TWENTIES TWENTIES TWENTIES TWENTIES projectprojectprojectproject (2010(2010(2010(2010----13)13)13)13)

DEMO 1 SYSERWIND (Leader: IBR)

•Tests to provide new active and reactive power

control services to the system (EMS level), using improved systems, devices and tools, but keeping the current hardware at wind farm level.

•Tests to provide new active and reactive power

control services to the system (EMS level), using improved systems, devices and tools, but keeping the current hardware at wind farm level.

Main objectiveMain objective

•Active power regulation: several wind farms aggregated to provide secondary frequency

regulation.

•Reactive power regulation: several wind farms aggregated to provide voltage regulation.

•Expected impact:

•Preserving stability and security of the energy transmission system

•Higher controllability of the wind energy

•Deeper penetration of wind power into the Transmission Network.

•Active power regulation: several wind farms aggregated to provide secondary frequency

regulation.

•Reactive power regulation: several wind farms aggregated to provide voltage regulation.

•Expected impact:

•Preserving stability and security of the energy transmission system

•Higher controllability of the wind energy

•Deeper penetration of wind power into the Transmission Network.

ApproachApproach

www.twenties-project.eu

111 MW 122 MW

248 MW

480 MW

2 control centers:

CORE & CECRE

480 MW

2 control centers:

CORE & CECRE

Results

Voltage control by 3 wind farms

2020 Results: Wind Dw reserves

CASE A CASE B Difference Difference [%]

Operating Costs [M€] 7444 7361 83 1,1%

CO2 emissions [MTCO2] 48,9 49,0 -0,1 -0,2%

Wind generation [TWh] 72,9 72,80 0,14 0,2%

www.twenties-project.eu

16,82%

(1113 GWh)

55,51%

(3675 GWh)

11,75%

(778 GWh)

15,92%

(1054 GWh) Thermal Dw

Reserve

Hydro Dw Reserve

Wind Dw Reserve

Pump Dw Reserve

Benefits of providing secondary reserveBenefits of providing secondary reserveBenefits of providing secondary reserveBenefits of providing secondary reserve

• OPEXA - OPEX B = 83 M€ (1.1%)

• Conditions for a high economic impacthigh economic impacthigh economic impacthigh economic impact:

• Systems with a high share ofhigh share ofhigh share ofhigh share of wind power capacity and other technologies that do not provide active power controltechnologies that do not provide active power controltechnologies that do not provide active power controltechnologies that do not provide active power control (nuclear, other RES).

• Systems with a low sharelow sharelow sharelow share of installed capacity of flexible generating flexible generating flexible generating flexible generating sourcessourcessourcessources, such as pumped storage hydro plants.

• In general, systems in which up and down reserve constraintsup and down reserve constraintsup and down reserve constraintsup and down reserve constraints highly condition the resulting generation schedulinggeneration schedulinggeneration schedulinggeneration scheduling.

• The impact becomes negligiblenegligiblenegligiblenegligible if pumped storage hydro pumped storage hydro pumped storage hydro pumped storage hydro plantsplantsplantsplants are allowed to provide active power control when when when when consuming consuming consuming consuming tootootootoo

• Twenties has overcome a major technical barrier preventing better use of WG. Other barriers remain to be addressed: primary regulation, inertia, …

• Regulatory changes are neededRegulatory changes are neededRegulatory changes are neededRegulatory changes are needed to take advantage of the new capabilities proven in the demo.

www.twenties-project.eu

Benefits of voltage control at Benefits of voltage control at Benefits of voltage control at Benefits of voltage control at transmissiontransmissiontransmissiontransmission

Improving PQ response at the Improving PQ response at the Improving PQ response at the Improving PQ response at the connection pointconnection pointconnection pointconnection point

Different network topologiesDifferent network topologiesDifferent network topologiesDifferent network topologies

Losses minimization at Losses minimization at Losses minimization at Losses minimization at subtransmissionsubtransmissionsubtransmissionsubtransmission

• TWENTIES• Secondary reserve

• Voltage control

• Integration of wind farms in AGC zones

• Offshore wind farm layout optimizer

• SET-Nav Strategy Energy Roadmap

• Market Design: Scenarios 2030-50

ContentsContentsContentsContents

Integración de parques eólicos en una zona de regulación (2x30MW)

Estrategias de integración

Integración pasiva:

- Unidades renovables renovables renovables renovables no están controladas por el AGCno están controladas por el AGCno están controladas por el AGCno están controladas por el AGC

- Operación habitual al punto de potencia máxima punto de potencia máxima punto de potencia máxima punto de potencia máxima (MPPT)

- El AGC modificará el comportamiento de las unidades convencionales en regulación para

hacer frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos renovables renovables renovables renovables

Integración activa:

- Unidades renovables renovables renovables renovables activamente activamente activamente activamente en regulaciónen regulaciónen regulaciónen regulación, suponiendo costes de regulación inferiores

al resto de las plantas en regulación

- El AGC suele exigir a los unidades renovables su mayor potencia posible (MPPT)

- Si la señal del control (ACE) pide una disminución exigente de la potencia en regulación, el

AGC puede bajar la generación de los unidades bajar la generación de los unidades bajar la generación de los unidades bajar la generación de los unidades renovables renovables renovables renovables como ultima medida

- El AGC modificará el comportamiento de las unidades convencionales en regulación para

hacer frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos renovablesrenovablesrenovablesrenovables

Comportamiento parques eólicos

Desvíos a cubrir por el AGC (activa y pasiva)

Reducción de la generación eólica (activa)

Consigna del AGC (activa)

Programación (activa y pasiva)

Generación (activa y pasiva)

Evaluation de la integration (3 días)Generación eólica menor

en el escenario activo

En comparación con el escenario sin eólica:

Disminución de los incumplimientos de la zona

(mejora del criterio de la exactitud de la regulación)

Disminución de la

energía reconocida de

la regulación

Economic evaluation of the AGC Economic evaluation of the AGC Economic evaluation of the AGC Economic evaluation of the AGC zone with wind integrationzone with wind integrationzone with wind integrationzone with wind integration

• Economic analysis:

• Removal of wind deviation penalizations

• If wind deviations are balanced, little impact on fuel consumption of conventional regulation units

• Negative impact on secondary regulation energy

• Positive impact on penalties/bonus of zone compliance with REE AGC signals

• TWENTIES• Secondary reserve

• Voltage control

• Integration of wind farms in AGC zones

• Offshore wind farm layout optimizer

• SET-Nav Strategy Energy Roadmap

• Market Design: Scenarios 2030-50

ContentsContentsContentsContents

� The electrical layout is a key element in Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) design

� OWL OWL OWL OWL (Offshore Windfarm Layout optimizer)� ComprehensiveComprehensiveComprehensiveComprehensive tool: HVDC, losses, uncertainty in wind

and component failures

� Applies decomposition strategies decomposition strategies decomposition strategies decomposition strategies to solve the problem efficientlyefficientlyefficientlyefficiently� Benders + subtree partition + scenario aggregation +

partially relaxed cuts

� Progressive Contingency Incorporation

� OWL has been applied to several case case case case studiesstudiesstudiesstudies� For a real case study we see potential savings of 800k

with a layout that differs from pre-established configurations (2.2% better in investment cost, 8.2% better in curtailed production penalties)

Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimizer (2014)Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimizer (2014)Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimizer (2014)Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimizer (2014)

�CollectorCollectorCollectorCollector system� Links the turbines among

them

� Traditionally, analyses have been limited to prepreprepre----established established established established configurations

Problem descriptionProblem descriptionProblem descriptionProblem description

� Transmission system

� Links the wind farm to the point of common coupling (PCC)

� MVAC

� HVAC

� HVDC (LCC, VSC)

� Barrow Offshore Wind Farm Barrow Offshore Wind Farm Barrow Offshore Wind Farm Barrow Offshore Wind Farm (BOWF)

� Project completed in 2006 by Centrica and Dong Energy in the East Irish Sea

� Solved the electrical layout to check it against the implemented design

Real case study (I)Real case study (I)Real case study (I)Real case study (I)

• Four rows

• Linked with MV120 cables upgraded to MV300 close to the extremes

• Offshore substation with a 120MVA transformer

• Sends power to shore through a HVAC400 line

[http://www.bowind.co.uk/]

Real case study (II)Real case study (II)Real case study (II)Real case study (II)

�The solution provided by OWL is better in both better in both better in both better in both investment cost (0.85%) and curtailed energy investment cost (0.85%) and curtailed energy investment cost (0.85%) and curtailed energy investment cost (0.85%) and curtailed energy (6.7%) terms (6.7%) terms (6.7%) terms (6.7%) terms [MEUR], [MEUR/y]

�This means EUR 800k savings EUR 800k savings EUR 800k savings EUR 800k savings during the life of the project, 410k at the investment stage

Real case study (III)Real case study (III)Real case study (III)Real case study (III)

Total InvC CPC Losses

Actual layout [MEUR] 2.28 19.10 0.66 0.22

Optimized layout [MEUR] 2.24 18.69 0.61 0.25

• TWENTIES• Secondary reserve

• Voltage control

• Integration of wind farms in AGC zones

• Offshore wind farm layout optimizer

• SET-Nav Strategy Energy Roadmap

• Market Design: Scenarios 2030-50

ContentsContentsContentsContents

SETSETSETSET----NavNavNavNav Strategic Energy RoadmapStrategic Energy RoadmapStrategic Energy RoadmapStrategic Energy Roadmap

The scenariosThe scenariosThe scenariosThe scenarios

Results Results Results Results ---- TakeawayTakeawayTakeawayTakeaway

• TWENTIES• Secondary reserve

• Voltage control

• Integration of wind farms in AGC zones

• Offshore wind farm layout optimizer

• SET-Nav Strategy Energy Roadmap

• Market Design: Scenarios 2030-50

ContentsContentsContentsContents

Metodología: modelado y remuneración de tres productos diferentes

Producto Definición Remuneración

1. Energía Energía inyectada al sistema,

independientemente de su fuente

Coste marginal de inyectar un MWh

adicional en cada hora (€/MWh)

2. Potencia firme Potencia máxima que cada

tecnología puede garantizar inyectar

durante la hora punta del sistema

Coste marginal de proveer un MW

firme adicional (€/MW_firme)

3. Energía renovable Generación de origen renovable Al margen de la remuneración de los

dos productos anteriores, podría

necesitarse una remuneración

adicional para cumplir con una cuota

de generación renovable. Su valor

está basado en el coste de proveer

un MWh renovable adicional

(€/MWh_renovable).

Market design: Scenarios 2030-50

Inversiones 2030 -2050

El crecimiento de la demanda es clave para determin ar la cantidad de inversiones necesarias

La eólica y solar jugarán un papel preponderante en el futuro mix eléctrico

Las inversiones en ciclos abiertos se adelantan con el cierre nuclear a 40 años

Las inversiones en nuevos ciclos combinados y baterías se realizarían a partir de 2040

Precios del mercadoPrecios del mercadoPrecios del mercadoPrecios del mercado

% renovable = 46 % % renovable = 54 %

% renovable = 70 % % renovable = 85 %

La nueva potencia instalada necesita un pago adicio nal por su contribución a la capacidad firme

El precio de mercado es insuficiente para recuperar los costes fijos de inversión y O&M de las centrales marginales que proporcionan potencia firme (ciclos combinados, ciclos abiertos y baterías)

A partir de 2030 es necesario un pago adicional de hasta 65.000 €/MW_firme para las tecnologías que proporcionen potencia firme.

Remuneración de la potencia firme

*No se ha considerado la hibernación de los ciclos existentes

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2025 2030 2040 2050

€/M

W_

firm

e

0% crecimiento demanda 2% crecimiento demanda

Las renovables necesitan una remuneración adicional para alcanzar el cumplimiento de objetivos

Incluso en el escenario de costes de inversión en renovables más reducidos, la penetración de renovables es insuficiente para alcanzar los objetivos fijados por la UE en ningún hito temporal

Ello se debe al proceso de “canibalización”: la entrada progresiva de producción renovable a coste variable muy bajo (casi 0) deprime el precio del mercado y los ingresos de mercado de estas tecnologías hasta el punto en que deja de ser rentable invertir en ellas, limitando de forma natural su penetración

Objetivos de renovables y remuneración adicional

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2025 2030 2040 2050

€/M

Wh

Remuneración adicional a la

renovable

0% crecimiento demanda 2% crecimiento demanda

Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica

Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 26

28015 Madrid

Tel +34 91 542 28 00

Fax + 34 91 542 31 76

info@iit.comillas.edu

www.comillas.edu

Thank you for your attention !!!

This presentation has been made with contributions from IIT researchers:

Javier García, Lukas Sigrist, Kai Doenges, Luis Rouco, Enrique Lobato,

Andrés Ramos, Sara Lumbreras, Jose Pablo Chaves, among others