succeed in english 2 sample pages

Grammarmuch, many and lots of/a lot of

5 Study the examples and complete the rules with countable or uncountable.

How much chocolate do you eat? How many kilometres do you drive? They found out the answers to lots of questions.

Rules much + 1… nouns

many + 2… nouns a lot of/lots of + uncountable or

3… nouns

Grammar Bank, Workbook pp.80–81

6 Complete the sentences with your ideas, using (not) much, (not) many, and lots of/a lot of.

1 He’s very generous. He…2 This area is dangerous. There…3 I’m bored of this town. There…4 She isn’t very sociable, so she…5 That country is very hot. There…6 My parents always recycle…

7 Complete the questions with much or many. In which questions can you use lots of/a lot of?

1 Do you give people … presents?2 How … chocolate do you eat?3 How … cans of cola do you buy every week?4 Do you drink … coffee?5 How … TVs are there in your home?6 How … kilometres do you travel a week?7 Do you use … electricity?8 Are there … mirrors in your house?

How to talk about quantity

8 1.33 Listen and study the key phrases. Then ask and answer the questions in Ex.7. Think of more questions.

Key phrasesCountable Uncountablea lot/lots a lot/lotsnot many not mucha few a bitone or two nonenone

A Do you give people many presents? B Yes, a few./No, not many. How about you?

Fast finishers

Imagine your parents leave you on your own for the weekend. Write a shopping list for all the food and drink you need.

2 In pairs. Think of different contents for the containers in Ex.1.

1 a can of beer

3 Write a–f in figures. Then choose the correct alternative for each answer in The Consumer Quiz.

a nought b one point threec a hundred and one d two millione fourteen thousand, five hundred and fortyf a hundred and twenty-five thousand

4 1.32 In pairs. Compare your answers to the quiz. Then listen and check.

How much chocolate do you eat in your life? How many kilometres do you drive? A team in the UK found out the answers to lots of questions like this. Guess the answers.

In Europe, an average person in an average lifetime…

…gets … Christmas presents and makes … friends. (1,700/628)

…owns … TV sets and … DVD players. (4.8/9.8)

…uses … bottles of shampoo and … bars of soap. (656/198)

…consumes … cows, … sheep and … chickens. (1,201/21/4.5)

…eats … bars of chocolate and … tins of baked beans, if the person is British. That’s a lot of chocolate and beans! (854/10,354)

…uses … litres of petrol in … different cars. (8/120,000)

…walks more than … kilometres and drives more than … kilometres. (720,000/24,000)

…uses … tubes of toothpaste and … rolls of toilet paper. (276/4,239)

…drinks … cups of tea or coffee and … bottles of wine. Not very healthy! (1,694/74,802)

VocabularyContainers and quantities

Start thinkingWhat do your parents usually buy at the supermarket?What do you do with the boxes, bags and packets?

1 Choose words from the boxes to describe objects 1–13 in the photos.

1 a can of fizzy drink

bottle kilo roll carton can tube tin box jar packet tub bag bar

chocolate tuna water toothpaste jam crisps margarine apples juice fizzy drink toilet paper cheese washing powder

Unit aimsVocabulary

■ Containers and quantities ■ The environment

Grammar ■ much, many and lots of/a lot of ■ Defining relative clauses ■ Comparative and superlative adjectives

Communication ■ Talk about quantity ■ Make comparisons ■ Compare ideas for a present ■ Write an email to a newspaper

3Disposable world

22 23 Workbook pp.20–23

plusEveryday listening& speakingDiscussing how to be green

Culture & CLILSustainable development

p.97 + VIDEO

LiteratureRobinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe

pp.106–107

Grammarmuch, many and lots of/a lot of

5 Study the examples and complete the rules with countable or uncountable.

How much chocolate do you eat? How many kilometres do you drive? They found out the answers to lots of questions.

Rules much + 1… nouns

many + 2… nouns a lot of/lots of + uncountable or

3… nouns

6 Complete the sentences with your ideas, using (not) much, (not) many, and lots of/a lot of.

1 He’s very generous. He…2 This area is dangerous. There…3 I’m bored of this town. There…4 She isn’t very sociable, so she…5 That country is very hot. There…6 My parents always recycle…

7 Complete the questions with much or many. In which questions can you use lots of/a lot of?

1 Do you give people … presents?2 How … chocolate do you eat?3 How … cans of cola do you buy every week?4 Do you drink … coffee?5 How … TVs are there in your home?6 How … kilometres do you travel a week?7 Do you use … electricity?8 Are there … mirrors in your house?

How to talk about quantity

8 1.33 Listen and study the key phrases. Then ask and answer the questions in Ex.7. Think of more questions.

Key phrasesCountable Uncountablea lot/lots a lot/lotsnot many not mucha few a bitone or two nonenone

A Do you give people many presents? B Yes, a few./No, not many. How about you?

Fast finishers

Imagine your parents leave you on your own for the weekend. Write a shopping list for all the food and drink you need.

2 In pairs. Think of different contents for the containers in Ex.1.

1 a can of beer

3 Write a–f in figures. Then choose the correct alternative for each answer in The Consumer Quiz.

a nought b one point threec a hundred and one d two millione fourteen thousand, five hundred and fortyf a hundred and twenty-five thousand

4 1.32 In pairs. Compare your answers to the quiz. Then listen and check.

How much chocolate do you eat in your life? How many kilometres do you drive? A team in the UK found out the answers to lots of questions like this. Guess the answers.

In Europe, an average person in an average lifetime…

…gets … Christmas presents and makes … friends. (1,700/628)

…owns … TV sets and … DVD players. (4.8/9.8)

…uses … bottles of shampoo and … bars of soap. (656/198)

…consumes … cows, … sheep and … chickens. (1,201/21/4.5)

…eats … bars of chocolate and … tins of baked beans, if the person is British. That’s a lot of chocolate and beans! (854/10,354)

…uses … litres of petrol in … different cars. (8/120,000)

…walks more than … kilometres and drives more than … kilometres. (720,000/24,000)

…uses … tubes of toothpaste and … rolls of toilet paper. (276/4,239)

…drinks … cups of tea or coffee and … bottles of wine. Not very healthy! (1,694/74,802)

VocabularyContainers and quantities

Start thinkingWhat do your parents usually buy at the supermarket?What do you do with the boxes, bags and packets?

1 Choose words from the boxes to describe objects 1–13 in the photos.

1 a can of fizzy drink

bottle kilo roll carton can tube tin box jar packet tub bag bar

chocolate tuna water toothpaste jam crisps margarine apples juice fizzy drink toilet paper cheese washing powder

Unit aimsVocabulary

■ Containers and quantities ■ The environment

Grammar ■ much, many and lots of/a lot of ■ Defining relative clauses ■ Comparative and superlative adjectives

Communication ■ Talk about quantity ■ Make comparisons ■ Compare ideas for a present ■ Write an email to a newspaper

3Disposable world

plusEveryday listening& speakingDiscussing how to be green

Culture & CLILSustainable development

p.97 + VIDEO

LiteratureRobinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe

pp.106–107

GrammarDefining relative clauses

7 Study the examples and complete the rules with who, which, where and that.

These are statistics which shocked Colin. He’s a man who likes a challenge. He has a daughter that loves TV. It was an experience that they won’t forget. Cafés where he bought coffee put it in his jar.

Rules ■ talking about people 1…/… ■ talking about things 2…/… ■ talking about places 3…

We can often omit which/that or who/that but NOT when the relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause.

8 Complete the text with which, where and who.

Think globally – buy locally!

People 1… shop in supermarkets don’t usually think about products’ origins. The farms 2… a lot of food is produced are a long distance away. Food 3… arrives from the other side of the world makes a big impact on the environment because it’s put in boxes 4… go by plane and then by truck. The supermarkets 5… it finally arrives are often out of town, so people 6… use them usually drive there. Things 7… come from local farms don’t take a lot of fuel to transport, so customers 8… buy local products help the environment.

9 Write five sentences using words from the boxes. Then compare your ideas in pairs.

The beach is a place where I have fun.

… is

a drinka placesomethinga persona programme

whowhichwhere

I admire.I really like.makes me happy.makes me angry.I have fun.

Fast finishers

Write definitions for the words in the box, and five more words from this unit. Then test your partner.

customer neighbour takeaway food toothpaste farmer fridge

Build your vocabulary compound nouns

5 Study the rules and complete the examples.

Rules ■ Some compound nouns are combinations of

noun + noun. ■ The first noun describes the second noun.

a shopping bag a bag which you use for shopping

a washing machine 1…

a New York apartment 2…

6 Match words 1–8 to a–h to make eight compound nouns.

1 plastic a exam2 strawberry b present3 computer c bag4 film d game5 Maths e light6 cheese f ice cream7 Christmas g star8 electric h sandwich

3 Read the text again and write questions for answers 1–8.

1 In New York.2 Over a thousand.3 Because he was unhappy about how much

rubbish people create.4 Some people thought that he was crazy.5 By bicycle.6 At a market.7 A glass jar with a lid.8 It was difficult for them, but they learnt a lot

from it and hope other people will too.

Talk about it

4 In pairs. Ask and answer the questions.

1 What do you think of the family’s experiment?2 What do you think they found most difficult

about the experiment?3 Would you try the experiment? Why?4 What parts of the experiment are easy or

difficult?5 Do you and your family have a big impact on

the environment?

Reading

Start thinkingHow do humans make an impact on the environment?How can we reduce that impact?

Study strategy prediction

1 Look at the photos and the title of the text. Then guess if sentences 1–6 are true or false. Write T or F.

The ‘No Impact’ Family…1 lives in a big city. 2 uses a lot of electricity.3 makes their own soap.4 is interested in the environment.5 prefers shopping at big supermarkets.6 prefers not to use plastic bags or packets.

2 1.34 Listen and read. Check your answers to Ex.1 and correct the false sentences.

Family

In the part of New York where Colin Beavan lives, the average family uses more than 1,000 plastic containers from takeaway restaurants every year. A normal family also uses 572 plastic bags and creates 800 kg of rubbish every year. These are statistics which shocked Colin. He’s a man who likes a challenge, so he decided to try to become a real eco-warrior and reduce his family’s impact on the environment. That meant no TV, no taxis, no takeaway meals, and a lot of changes in the family’s routine.

For one year in the Beavans’ apartment there wasn’t a TV or a fridge, and they only used one electric light to save electricity. In the bathroom there weren’t any factory-made bottles of shampoo, rolls of toilet paper or bars of soap. They didn’t buy those things – they made them or used alternatives. Some people thought that he was crazy, but Colin explained that it is easy to make things like soap and toothpaste, and there are alternatives to toilet paper.

The family tried to create less rubbish and to use less electricity and fuel. To do this, they travelled by bicycle and bought second-hand things for their apartment. Their food came from a market so they could avoid packets and boxes. They carried the food home in a basket rather than plastic bags and they didn’t buy food products which came from more than 400 km away.

The Beavans also avoided takeaway food so they didn’t have to throw away all the containers that it comes in, and Colin always carried a glass jar with a lid. Cafés where he bought takeaway coffee put it in his jar instead of a disposable cup.

Colin admits that the experiment was tough for his family – he has a daughter that loves TV and shopping for toys! But it was an experience that they won’t forget, and when it finished they were fitter, happier and a little bit wiser. They hope that people who hear about it will start thinking about their own impact too.

GrammarDefining relative clauses

7 Study the examples and complete the rules with who, which, where and that.

These are statistics which shocked Colin. He’s a man who likes a challenge. He has a daughter that loves TV. It was an experience that they won’t forget. Cafés where he bought coffee put it in his jar.

Rules ■ talking about people 1…/… ■ talking about things 2…/… ■ talking about places 3…

We can often omit which/that or who/that but NOT when the relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause.

8 Complete the text with which, where and who.

Think globally – buy locally!

People 1… shop in supermarkets don’t usually think about products’ origins. The farms 2… a lot of food is produced are a long distance away. Food 3… arrives from the other side of the world makes a big impact on the environment because it’s put in boxes 4… go by plane and then by truck. The supermarkets 5… it finally arrives are often out of town, so people 6… use them usually drive there. Things 7… come from local farms don’t take a lot of fuel to transport, so customers 8… buy local products help the environment.

9 Write five sentences using words from the boxes. Then compare your ideas in pairs.

The beach is a place where I have fun.

… is

a drinka placesomethinga persona programme

whowhichwhere

I admire.I really like.makes me happy.makes me angry.I have fun.

Fast finishers

Write definitions for the words in the box, and five more words from this unit. Then test your partner.

customer neighbour takeaway food toothpaste farmer fridge

Build your vocabulary compound nouns

5 Study the rules and complete the examples.

Rules ■ Some compound nouns are combinations of

noun + noun. ■ The first noun describes the second noun.

a shopping bag a bag which you use for shopping

a washing machine 1…

a New York apartment 2…

6 Match words 1–8 to a–h to make eight compound nouns.

1 plastic a exam2 strawberry b present3 computer c bag4 film d game5 Maths e light6 cheese f ice cream7 Christmas g star8 electric h sandwich

3 Read the text again and write questions for answers 1–8.

1 In New York.2 Over a thousand.3 Because he was unhappy about how much

rubbish people create.4 Some people thought that he was crazy.5 By bicycle.6 At a market.7 A glass jar with a lid.8 It was difficult for them, but they learnt a lot

from it and hope other people will too.

Talk about it

1 What do you think of the family’s experiment?2 What do you think they found most difficult

about the experiment?3 Would you try the experiment? Why?4 What parts of the experiment are easy or

difficult?5 Do you and your family have a big impact on

the environment?

Reading

Start thinkingHow do humans make an impact on the environment?How can we reduce that impact?

Study strategy prediction

1 Look at the photos and the title of the text. Then guess if sentences 1–6 are true or false. Write T or F.

The ‘No Impact’ Family…1 lives in a big city. 2 uses a lot of electricity.3 makes their own soap.4 is interested in the environment.5 prefers shopping at big supermarkets.6 prefers not to use plastic bags or packets.

2 1.34 Listen and read. Check your answers to Ex.1 and correct the false sentences.

Family

In the part of New York where Colin Beavan lives, the average family uses more than 1,000 plastic containers from takeaway restaurants every year. A normal family also uses 572 plastic bags and creates 800 kg of rubbish every year. These are statistics which shocked Colin. He’s a man who likes a challenge, so he decided to try to become a real eco-warrior and reduce his family’s impact on the environment. That meant no TV, no taxis, no takeaway meals, and a lot of changes in the family’s routine.

For one year in the Beavans’ apartment there wasn’t a TV or a fridge, and they only used one electric light to save electricity. In the bathroom there weren’t any factory-made bottles of shampoo, rolls of toilet paper or bars of soap. They didn’t buy those things – they made them or used alternatives. Some people thought that he was crazy, but Colin explained that it is easy to make things like soap and toothpaste, and there are alternatives to toilet paper.

The family tried to create less rubbish and to use less electricity and fuel. To do this, they travelled by bicycle and bought second-hand things for their apartment. Their food came from a market so they could avoid packets and boxes. They carried the food home in a basket rather than plastic bags and they didn’t buy food products which came from more than 400 km away.

The Beavans also avoided takeaway food so they didn’t have to throw away all the containers that it comes in, and Colin always carried a glass jar with a lid. Cafés where he bought takeaway coffee put it in his jar instead of a disposable cup.

Colin admits that the experiment was tough for his family – he has a daughter that loves TV and shopping for toys! But it was an experience that they won’t forget, and when it finished they were fitter, happier and a little bit wiser. They hope that people who hear about it will start thinking about their own impact too.

1Plastic/Cloth is one of the cheapest and most common materials on the planet. Unfortunately it is also one of the worst things for the 2environment/supermarkets because it isn’t 3biodegradable/reusable and is 4healthy/toxic for animals. Rebecca Hoskins believes that it’s more important to have a healthier world instead of a cheaper, more 5disposable/ alternative world. Today’s programme explains how Rebecca’s local beach became a cleaner, better place after her 6international/individual campaign.

Battle of the bags

Is the place where you live environmentally friendly? Choose the correct alternative and then rank your town.

1 The streets are quite clean/very clean/quite dirty.

2 People here often/sometimes/never use recycled paper.

3 People here often use reusable or biodegradable bags/sometimes use them/only use disposable plastic bags.

4 The water and air here is never/sometimes/often polluted.

5 There are no/one or two/several factories which produce toxic emissions.

6 The town is quiet/a bit noisy/very noisy.

7 People here often/sometimes/never use alternative energy like solar or wind power.

8 In general this is an unhealthy/quite a healthy/a very healthy place to live.

Rank your town:✰✰✰ Very green✰✰ Quite green✰ Not very green

Dictation

10 1.37 Listen and write the five sentences. Then discuss them in pairs. Are they true or false for you?

How to make comparisons

11 1.38 Listen and study the key phrases. Then discuss 1–4 in groups.

Key phrasesmuch (better) than…a bit/a lot more (interesting) than…not as (interesting) as…twice/three times as (good) as…

A I think that Barcelona are the best football team. B Yes, I agree. C I disagree. I think that Manchester United are

much better than Barcelona1 team (good) 3 school subject (easy)2 TV channel (interesting) 4 language (useful)

Fast finishers

Write sentences comparing people in your family.

GrammarVocabulary and listeningThe environment

Start thinkingWhich things are environmentally unfriendly?What do you do to help the environment? What else could you do?

1 Look at the words and phrases in the How green is your town? questionnaire. Find one pair of synonyms and four pairs of opposites.

2 Write example sentences using six of the words from Ex.1.

Cigarettes are very unhealthy. 3 Do the questionnaire in pairs. Then exchange

opinions in groups.

We gave our town three stars. One of the positive points about the town is that… Also… One of the negative points is that… Another thing is that...

4 1.35 Guess the correct alternative to complete the article on the right about Rebecca Hoskins’s environmental campaign. Then listen and check.

5 1.36 Listen to the radio news article and answer the questions.

1 Why was Rebecca upset?2 How long can plastic remain in

the environment?3 How can plastic be dangerous to

animals?4 Who did Rebecca speak to in

Modbury?5 How many shops in Modbury

now give people plastic bags?

Comparative and superlative adjectives

6 Study the examples and complete the rules.

Plastic is one of the cheapest and most common materials.

It’s more important to have a healthier world instead of a cheaper, more disposable world.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

one-syllable adjectives

cheap + er the + cheap + 1…

adjectives ending consonant + -y

healthy + 2… the + healthy + iest

long adjectives 3… + important

the + 4… + important

7 Find the correct sentence and correct the mistakes in the other sentences.

1 London is noisier than my town.2 The sea was more clean before.3 Mexico City is most polluted city in the world.4 It’s gooder now than it was before.5 People are friendlier here.

8 Complete the text with the comparative or superlative form of adjectives from the box.

bad dirty important responsible clean interested

There are millions of tonnes of plastic in the sea. The problem is getting 1… every year. One of the 2…, most polluted beaches was near our town, but thanks to the efforts of local people it is now 3… than it was. Education is the 4… thing. People are 5… in the environment now, and we must learn to be 6….

9 Write six sentences about the cities on the right using comparative and superlative adjectives, some true and some false.

Then, in pairs, listen and guess if your partner’s sentences are true or false.

A Amsterdam is the biggest city. B False.

busy friendly crowded polluted big dangerous noisy environmentally friendly

How green is your town?

Calcutta, India

London, England

Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Pronunciation Unit 3, Workbook pp.95–96

1Plastic/Cloth is one of the cheapest and most common materials on the planet. Unfortunately it is also one of the worst things for the 2environment/supermarkets because it isn’t 3biodegradable/reusable and is 4healthy/toxic for animals. Rebecca Hoskins believes that it’s more important to have a healthier world instead of a cheaper, more 5disposable/ alternative world. Today’s programme explains how Rebecca’s local beach became a cleaner, better place after her 6international/individual campaign.

Battle of the bags

Is the place where you live environmentally friendly? Choose the correct alternative and then rank your town.

1 The streets are quite clean/very clean/quite dirty.

2 People here often/sometimes/never use recycled paper.

3 People here often use reusable or biodegradable bags/sometimes use them/only use disposable plastic bags.

4 The water and air here is never/sometimes/often polluted.

5 There are no/one or two/several factories which produce toxic emissions.

6 The town is quiet/a bit noisy/very noisy.

7 People here often/sometimes/never use alternative energy like solar or wind power.

8 In general this is an unhealthy/quite a healthy/a very healthy place to live.

Rank your town:✰✰✰ Very green✰✰ Quite green✰ Not very green

Dictation

10 1.37 Listen and write the five sentences. Then discuss them in pairs. Are they true or false for you?

How to make comparisons

11 1.38 Listen and study the key phrases. Then discuss 1–4 in groups.

Key phrasesmuch (better) than…a bit/a lot more (interesting) than…not as (interesting) as…twice/three times as (good) as…

A I think that Barcelona are the best football team. B Yes, I agree. C I disagree. I think that Manchester United are

much better than Barcelona1 team (good) 3 school subject (easy)2 TV channel (interesting) 4 language (useful)

Fast finishers

Write sentences comparing people in your family.

GrammarVocabulary and listeningThe environment

Start thinkingWhich things are environmentally unfriendly?What do you do to help the environment? What else could you do?

1 Look at the words and phrases in the How green is your town? questionnaire. Find one pair of synonyms and four pairs of opposites.

2 Write example sentences using six of the words from Ex.1.

Cigarettes are very unhealthy. 3 Do the questionnaire in pairs. Then exchange

opinions in groups.

We gave our town three stars. One of the positive points about the town is that… Also… One of the negative points is that… Another thing is that...

4 1.35 Guess the correct alternative to complete the article on the right about Rebecca Hoskins’s environmental campaign. Then listen and check.

5 1.36 Listen to the radio news article and answer the questions.

1 Why was Rebecca upset?2 How long can plastic remain in

the environment?3 How can plastic be dangerous to

animals?4 Who did Rebecca speak to in

Modbury?5 How many shops in Modbury

now give people plastic bags?

Comparative and superlative adjectives

6 Study the examples and complete the rules.

Plastic is one of the cheapest and most common materials.

It’s more important to have a healthier world instead of a cheaper, more disposable world.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

one-syllable adjectives

cheap + er the + cheap + 1…

adjectives ending consonant + -y

healthy + 2… the + healthy + iest

long adjectives 3… + important

the + 4… + important

7 Find the correct sentence and correct the mistakes in the other sentences.

1 London is noisier than my town.2 The sea was more clean before.3 Mexico City is most polluted city in the world.4 It’s gooder now than it was before.5 People are friendlier here.

8 Complete the text with the comparative or superlative form of adjectives from the box.

bad dirty important responsible clean interested

There are millions of tonnes of plastic in the sea. The problem is getting 1… every year. One of the 2…, most polluted beaches was near our town, but thanks to the efforts of local people it is now 3… than it was. Education is the 4… thing. People are 5… in the environment now, and we must learn to be 6….

9 Write six sentences about the cities on the right using comparative and superlative adjectives, some true and some false.

Then, in pairs, listen and guess if your partner’s sentences are true or false.

A Amsterdam is the biggest city. B False.

busy friendly crowded polluted big dangerous noisy environmentally friendly

How green is your town?

Calcutta, India

London, England

Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Pronunciation Unit 3, Workbook pp.95–96

Green Gifts

Writing guide email to a newspaper

Task (150–200 words)

Write an email to a newspaper about the traffic problem in a city that you know, attaching a photo of a traffic jam.

A Think and plan

Make notes about causes and solutions for these problems.

■ There’s too much traffic. ■ There aren’t enough buses. ■ Not many people use bicycles/

public transport.

B Write

Use the key phrases and your notes.Paragraph 1 Describe the situation I’m writing because…

Paragraph 2 Causes and solutions I think there are one or two reasons for this.

Paragraph 3 Conclusion We’ve definitely got a problem here.

C Check ■ so and because ■ comparative and superlative adjectives ■ defining relative clauses

2 Study the key phrases. Then put them in the order in which they appear in the email.

Key phrases First of all,… I think there are one or two reasons for this. In addition to that,… I’m writing because… This photo shows…

Language point so and because

3 Find examples of so and because from the email. Then match 1–5 to a–e and join them with so or because.

1d – I went to the shops because we needed some shampoo.

1 I went to the shops a bicycles are better.2 Cars pollute the b I didn’t want to

environment, read it.3 There isn’t much c I haven’t got any

water, money.4 I can’t buy a d we needed some

present shampoo.5 I gave Tina the e please don’t drink

magazine too much.6 I didn’t have f there aren’t many

lunch bins.7 There’s a lot of g I was hungry.

rubbish

Writing

How to write an email to a newspaper

1 Read the email and answer the questions.

1 What is the problem that Aleeza is writing about?

2 What does she suggest to improve the situation?3 Find the defining relative clauses in the email.4 How do you say the words in your language?

2 1.41 Listen and read the dialogue. What does Ashlee decide to buy for her father? Why?

Greg What are you looking at, Ashlee?Ashlee I’m looking for a birthday present for my

dad.Greg Oh, right. What kind of thing does he like?Ashlee He’s into the environment, so he likes

things which are environmentally friendly.Greg What about this solar-powered watch?Ashlee That’s the most expensive thing on the

website! I need something which is a bit cheaper.

Greg OK... I quite like this wallet made from recycled belts. What do you think of that?

Ashlee Yes, that’s better, and it’s much more practical.

Greg Great, that’s sorted, then. I hope he likes it.Ashlee Yes. Thanks, Greg.

kes i .

3 1.42 Listen and study the key phrases. Then practise the dialogue in pairs.

Key phrasesWhat kind of thing does (he) like?I need something which is a bit (cheaper).What do you think of that?It’s much more (practical).That’s sorted, then.

4 In pairs. Order a–d to make a mini-dialogue. Practise the mini-dialogue. Then substitute the words with words from the box and practise the new mini-dialogue.

camping torch practical smaller solar lamp

a … She’s into art. She likes things which are colourful.

b … What kind of thing does she like?c … No, I prefer the bracelet. It’s much more

attractive, and it’s a bit cheaper, too.d … What about this vase?

5 In pairs. Look at the dialogue in Ex.2 again. Then substitute the words to practise new dialogues with the people and products in Ex.1.

6 In pairs. Talk about ideas for presents for your friends and family. Cover Ex.2 but use the key phrases to help you.

A bag made from recycled crisp packets

B eco-clothing

C solar-powered mobile charger

D solar-powered watch

Items on this page:

value!

Practical English

How to compare ideas for a present

1 Look at the products from the Green Gifts catalogue and decide which things are good presents for...

a …a man who likes electronic gadgets.b …a woman who’s interested in fashion.

Clean our beach

I’m writing because I was at the beach with some friends last weekend and the amount of rubbish there was unbelievable. This photo shows the bottles, cans and other rubbish that we found. This is definitely the worst beach in the area for litter.

I think there are one or two reasons for this. First of all, the people who come to the beach obviously don’t see this as a problem, so perhaps we need clearer signs or people who patrol the area. In addition to that, there’s only one bin where you can put your rubbish, so I think we need more.

We’ve definitely got a problem here. Maybe some people aren’t worried about this, but I think we need to do something about this situation now if we want a beach which is cleaner and more attractive.

Aleeza Patel

15E wallet made from recycled

beltsF wind-up radioA

Workbook pp.XX, XX 29 28 Workbook pp.24–27

Green Gifts

Writing guide email to a newspaper

Task (150–200 words)

Write an email to a newspaper about the traffic problem in a city that you know, attaching a photo of a traffic jam.

A Think and plan

Make notes about causes and solutions for these problems.

■ There’s too much traffic. ■ There aren’t enough buses. ■ Not many people use bicycles/

public transport.

B Write

Use the key phrases and your notes.Paragraph 1 Describe the situation I’m writing because…

Paragraph 2 Causes and solutions I think there are one or two reasons for this.

Paragraph 3 Conclusion We’ve definitely got a problem here.

C Check ■ so and because ■ comparative and superlative adjectives ■ defining relative clauses

2 Study the key phrases. Then put them in the order in which they appear in the email.

Key phrases First of all,… I think there are one or two reasons for this. In addition to that,… I’m writing because… This photo shows…

Language point so and because

3 Find examples of so and because from the email. Then match 1–5 to a–e and join them with so or because.

1d – I went to the shops because we needed some shampoo.

1 I went to the shops a bicycles are better.2 Cars pollute the b I didn’t want to

environment, read it.3 There isn’t much c I haven’t got any

water, money.4 I can’t buy a d we needed some

present shampoo.5 I gave Tina the e please don’t drink

magazine too much.6 I didn’t have f there aren’t many

lunch bins.7 There’s a lot of g I was hungry.

rubbish

Writing

How to write an email to a newspaper

1 Read the email and answer the questions.

1 What is the problem that Aleeza is writing about?

2 What does she suggest to improve the situation?3 Find the defining relative clauses in the email.4 How do you say the words in your language?

2 1.41 Listen and read the dialogue. What does Ashlee decide to buy for her father? Why?

Greg What are you looking at, Ashlee?Ashlee I’m looking for a birthday present for my

dad.Greg Oh, right. What kind of thing does he like?Ashlee He’s into the environment, so he likes

things which are environmentally friendly.Greg What about this solar-powered watch?Ashlee That’s the most expensive thing on the

website! I need something which is a bit cheaper.

Greg OK... I quite like this wallet made from recycled belts. What do you think of that?

Ashlee Yes, that’s better, and it’s much more practical.

Greg Great, that’s sorted, then. I hope he likes it.Ashlee Yes. Thanks, Greg.

kes i .

3 1.42 Listen and study the key phrases. Then practise the dialogue in pairs.

Key phrasesWhat kind of thing does (he) like?I need something which is a bit (cheaper).What do you think of that?It’s much more (practical).That’s sorted, then.

4 In pairs. Order a–d to make a mini-dialogue. Practise the mini-dialogue. Then substitute the words with words from the box and practise the new mini-dialogue.

camping torch practical smaller solar lamp

a … She’s into art. She likes things which are colourful.

b … What kind of thing does she like?c … No, I prefer the bracelet. It’s much more

attractive, and it’s a bit cheaper, too.d … What about this vase?

5 In pairs. Look at the dialogue in Ex.2 again. Then substitute the words to practise new dialogues with the people and products in Ex.1.

6 In pairs. Talk about ideas for presents for your friends and family. Cover Ex.2 but use the key phrases to help you.

A bag made from recycled crisp packets

B eco-clothing

C solar-powered mobile charger

D solar-powered watch

Items on this page:

value!

Practical English

How to compare ideas for a present

1 Look at the products from the Green Gifts catalogue and decide which things are good presents for...

a …a man who likes electronic gadgets.b …a woman who’s interested in fashion.

Clean our beach

I’m writing because I was at the beach with some friends last weekend and the amount of rubbish there was unbelievable. This photo shows the bottles, cans and other rubbish that we found. This is definitely the worst beach in the area for litter.

I think there are one or two reasons for this. First of all, the people who come to the beach obviously don’t see this as a problem, so perhaps we need clearer signs or people who patrol the area. In addition to that, there’s only one bin where you can put your rubbish, so I think we need more.

We’ve definitely got a problem here. Maybe some people aren’t worried about this, but I think we need to do something about this situation now if we want a beach which is cleaner and more attractive.

Aleeza Patel

15E wallet made from recycled

beltsF wind-up radioA

Workbook pp.XX, XX 29 28 Workbook pp.24–27

Vocabulary Units 1–36 Find 13 more adjectives describing character

and personality and 6 verbs describing communication and attitude. Look , and .

a c o n f i d e n t g s p

f h c d b r a s b o t u l

s e m r e r l o o l p l u

e e c e y x a y w e r k n

n r f m a r u v u r a i a

s f n r q n g p e a c m i

i u o n i b h c z n t i v

b l s u s e n s i t i v e

l e y o d m n j h l c k h

e r y t h z i d v y a j e

s e r i o u s l l e l o u

e t e a s e g b e y n k m

s d e t e r m i n e d e p

7 Copy and complete the table with words from the box.

sitcom bottle biodegradable audience recycled presenter talent show the news viewer packet game show reusable bag chat show participant box can character

People TV programmes

Environment adjectives

Containers

Collocations

8 Choose the correct collocation. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1 Heath Ledger was a famous film player/actor/star.

2 My aunt has a huge collection of jam jars/bottles/cans.

3 The model is dark-haired/pale-skinned/pale-haired.

4 We need some washing powder/soap/paste.5 Shops give out too many plastic shopping bags/

containers/rubbish.6 It’s good to be open-minded/short-sighted/warm-

hearted.7 Can you tell me where the tourist office/present/

shop is please?8 My father hates reality shows/programmes/

entertainment.

Grammar Unit 34 Find the correct sentence and correct the

mistakes in the other sentences.

1 There are much problems in the world because of pollution.

2 That’s the café who I told you about.3 Parts of Africa are more dry than in the past.4 A lot people recycle their rubbish now.5 Karen is someone which knows a lot about the

environment.6 I think roses are the beautifulest flowers.7 Zaragoza is a city which I feel at home.8 Have we got many rice in the cupboard?9 Josh is the most friendly person I know. 10 Do you eat much chocolate? 11 Global warming is a badder problem than many

people think. 12 I need a few money to buy a present for my

brother.

Grammar Units 1–35 Write the correct form of the verb or choose the

correct alternative to complete the email.

Hello!

Dear Fred,

I 1… (get) your email this morning. Thanks! 2… (be) you at your cousins’ house now? You 3… (not say). At the moment we 4… (stay) at my grandmother’s in Brighton. I 5… (love) it here. I think it’s the 6goodest/ best place to spend a holiday. We 7… (go) to the beach every day. We 8… (be) there earlier and there 9… (be) a lot of people! We 10sometimes/hardly ever 11… (take) a picnic. But today we 12… (eat) in a café 13that/who sells the 14 most fantastic/fantasticest pizzas in England. But my grandmother tells me to eat 15healthy/healthily, so I 16… (not go) there very often. She 17… (give) me 18lots of/much advice!!

I 19never/occasionally 20… (go) to town with the boy 21which/who lives next door. Yesterday we 22… (go) to a great shop 23where/that sells the 24coolest/most cool T-shirts. Anyway, write and tell me your news!

Grammar Unit 11 Complete the sentences with the Present simple or

Present continuous form of the verb in brackets.

1 My brother … volleyball every Friday. (play)2 What … of my new jacket? (you/think)3 We … where Liam is. (not know)4 My dad sometimes … me fishing. (take)5 … the party? (you/enjoy)6 He … watching films on TV. (not like)7 I hardly ever … shy. (feel)8 What time …? (the film/start)9 We … in the right seats. (not sit) 10 Look – Saskia … because James … her.

(sulk, tease)

2 Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of the word in brackets in the correct position.

1 That woman often stares at strangers. (rude)2 Maria always speaks in the school debates.

(confident)3 Are you thinking of buying a new MP3 player?

(serious)4 He doesn’t always behave. (sensible)5 Listen. I’ve got something to tell you. (careful)

Grammar Unit 23 Choose the correct alternative.

1 A Where was/were you born? B I am/was born in Leeds.2 A What did you watch/were you watching on

TV yesterday? B I didn’t/don’t watch TV yesterday.3 A What film did you see/were you seeing last

night? B I saw/was seeing the latest Twilight movie.4 A Where did you go/were you going when I

met/was meeting you yesterday? B We went/were going to the dentist.5 A Who was/were your favourite pop group

when you was/were nine? B I wasn’t having/didn’t have a favourite group

when I was nine.6 A Where was/were your teacher last week? B She was/were at a conference.7 A Who did speak you/were you speaking to? B My mum. She buys/’s buying me some new

clothes.

Cumulative revision Units 1–39 Write the words in the correct order to make

questions. Omit one word each time.

1 studying the subjects which this you are year ?

2 ever tease do your you friends have ?3 news often game do watch shows you ?4 cheese eat how do week always much you a ?5 you talk the in confidently can English ?6 before was chatting you this were to who

lesson ?7 last happened the episode in what the of

drama series has ?8 doing at last the what you 10 night o’clock

were ?9 the world city of is biggest in what the ? 10 friendliest most in who is class the person

10 In pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Ex.9.

Translation

11 Translate the review.

Television is usually worse in the summer than in the winter. There are a lot of old programmes and not many are really interesting. TV companies don’t put on new shows and drama series while most of the audience are sitting on the beach. However, yesterday was an exception. I was changing channels with the remote control when I found that Channel 4 was showing the Disney film Wall-E. This is a story about pollution and the damage we are doing using disposable goods, but it’s also a love story between the generous Wall-E and practical Eve.

How to use your English

12 Write three dialogues starting with the sentences or questions below. Write five more sentences to complete each dialogue using the key phrases section (Workbook pp.108–109) to help you. Then practise your dialogues in pairs.

1 A I got really bad results in my Maths exam! I don’t know what to do.

B …2 A In my opinion there are too many reality

shows on TV. B …3 A Can you help me choose a present for my

mum? B …

1–3 Consolidation

Vocabulary Units 1–36 Find 13 more adjectives describing character

and personality and 6 verbs describing communication and attitude. Look , and .

a c o n f i d e n t g s p

f h c d b r a s b o t u l

s e m r e r l o o l p l u

e e c e y x a y w e r k n

n r f m a r u v u r a i a

s f n r q n g p e a c m i

i u o n i b h c z n t i v

b l s u s e n s i t i v e

l e y o d m n j h l c k h

e r y t h z i d v y a j e

s e r i o u s l l e l o u

e t e a s e g b e y n k m

s d e t e r m i n e d e p

7 Copy and complete the table with words from the box.

sitcom bottle biodegradable audience recycled presenter talent show the news viewer packet game show reusable bag chat show participant box can character

People TV programmes

Environment adjectives

Containers

Collocations

8 Choose the correct collocation. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1 Heath Ledger was a famous film player/actor/star.

2 My aunt has a huge collection of jam jars/bottles/cans.

3 The model is dark-haired/pale-skinned/pale-haired.

4 We need some washing powder/soap/paste.5 Shops give out too many plastic shopping bags/

containers/rubbish.6 It’s good to be open-minded/short-sighted/warm-

hearted.7 Can you tell me where the tourist office/present/

shop is please?8 My father hates reality shows/programmes/

entertainment.

Grammar Unit 34 Find the correct sentence and correct the

mistakes in the other sentences.

1 There are much problems in the world because of pollution.

2 That’s the café who I told you about.3 Parts of Africa are more dry than in the past.4 A lot people recycle their rubbish now.5 Karen is someone which knows a lot about the

environment.6 I think roses are the beautifulest flowers.7 Zaragoza is a city which I feel at home.8 Have we got many rice in the cupboard?9 Josh is the most friendly person I know. 10 Do you eat much chocolate? 11 Global warming is a badder problem than many

people think. 12 I need a few money to buy a present for my

brother.

Grammar Units 1–35 Write the correct form of the verb or choose the

correct alternative to complete the email.

Hello!

Dear Fred,

I 1… (get) your email this morning. Thanks! 2… (be) you at your cousins’ house now? You 3… (not say). At the moment we 4… (stay) at my grandmother’s in Brighton. I 5… (love) it here. I think it’s the 6goodest/ best place to spend a holiday. We 7… (go) to the beach every day. We 8… (be) there earlier and there 9… (be) a lot of people! We 10sometimes/hardly ever 11… (take) a picnic. But today we 12… (eat) in a café 13that/who sells the 14 most fantastic/fantasticest pizzas in England. But my grandmother tells me to eat 15healthy/healthily, so I 16… (not go) there very often. She 17… (give) me 18lots of/much advice!!

I 19never/occasionally 20… (go) to town with the boy 21which/who lives next door. Yesterday we 22… (go) to a great shop 23where/that sells the 24coolest/most cool T-shirts. Anyway, write and tell me your news!

Grammar Unit 11 Complete the sentences with the Present simple or

Present continuous form of the verb in brackets.

1 My brother … volleyball every Friday. (play)2 What … of my new jacket? (you/think)3 We … where Liam is. (not know)4 My dad sometimes … me fishing. (take)5 … the party? (you/enjoy)6 He … watching films on TV. (not like)7 I hardly ever … shy. (feel)8 What time …? (the film/start)9 We … in the right seats. (not sit) 10 Look – Saskia … because James … her.

(sulk, tease)

2 Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of the word in brackets in the correct position.

1 That woman often stares at strangers. (rude)2 Maria always speaks in the school debates.

(confident)3 Are you thinking of buying a new MP3 player?

(serious)4 He doesn’t always behave. (sensible)5 Listen. I’ve got something to tell you. (careful)

Grammar Unit 23 Choose the correct alternative.

1 A Where was/were you born? B I am/was born in Leeds.2 A What did you watch/were you watching on

TV yesterday? B I didn’t/don’t watch TV yesterday.3 A What film did you see/were you seeing last

night? B I saw/was seeing the latest Twilight movie.4 A Where did you go/were you going when I

met/was meeting you yesterday? B We went/were going to the dentist.5 A Who was/were your favourite pop group

when you was/were nine? B I wasn’t having/didn’t have a favourite group

when I was nine.6 A Where was/were your teacher last week? B She was/were at a conference.7 A Who did speak you/were you speaking to? B My mum. She buys/’s buying me some new

clothes.

Cumulative revision Units 1–39 Write the words in the correct order to make

questions. Omit one word each time.

1 studying the subjects which this you are year ?

2 ever tease do your you friends have ?3 news often game do watch shows you ?4 cheese eat how do week always much you a ?5 you talk the in confidently can English ?6 before was chatting you this were to who

lesson ?7 last happened the episode in what the of

drama series has ?8 doing at last the what you 10 night o’clock

were ?9 the world city of is biggest in what the ? 10 friendliest most in who is class the person

10 In pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Ex.9.

Translation

11 Translate the review.

Television is usually worse in the summer than in the winter. There are a lot of old programmes and not many are really interesting. TV companies don’t put on new shows and drama series while most of the audience are sitting on the beach. However, yesterday was an exception. I was changing channels with the remote control when I found that Channel 4 was showing the Disney film Wall-E. This is a story about pollution and the damage we are doing using disposable goods, but it’s also a love story between the generous Wall-E and practical Eve.

12 Write three dialogues starting with the sentences or questions below. Write five more sentences to complete each dialogue using the key phrases section (Workbook pp.108–109) to help you. Then practise your dialogues in pairs.

1 A I got really bad results in my Maths exam! I don’t know what to do.

B …2 A In my opinion there are too many reality

shows on TV. B …3 A Can you help me choose a present for my

mum? B …

1–3 Consolidation

4 2.11 Listen again and answer the questions.

1 Where has Daisy looked for her mobile?2 Where did she use it this morning?3 What did she use it for?4 Where did she put it?5 Why does she think somebody stole it?6 What does Ben suggest?

5 2.12 Daisy is at the police station. Complete the dialogue with the Present perfect or Past simple form of the verbs in brackets. Listen and check. Then practise the dialogue in pairs.

Police officer Can I help you?Daisy Yes, I’d like to report a theft.

Someone 1… (steal) my mobile phone.

Police officer I see. Where and when 2… (this/happen)?

Daisy On the Number 16 bus this morning, I think – at about 8.30.

Police officer Can you describe what happened?Daisy Yes. I 3… (text) my friend and

then I 4… (put) my mobile in my pocket.

Police officer Then what happened?Daisy Well, a girl 5… (push) me.Police officer I see. 6… (you/ever/report) a theft

before?Daisy Er… no. It’s the first time.Police officer Right. Well, could you fill in this

form, please? Then we can contact you if we find your phone.

Daisy Thank you. You’ve been very helpful.

6 2.13 Listen to the key phrases.

Key phrasesCan I help you? Then what happened?I’d like to report a theft. Thank you. You’ve beenI see. very helpful.Can you describe what

happened?

7 In pairs. Prepare and practise a new dialogue. Student A: Someone has stolen one of your personal possessions. Student B: You are a police officer. Use Ex.5 and the key phrases to help you.

Reporting a theft1 Match the personal items (1–8) to the words in

the box.

MP3 player mobile phone wallet / purse sunglasses e-book digital camera tablet jewellery

2 Which of the items in Ex.1 have you got? How important are they to you? Which ones do you always carry with you?

I’ve got an MP3 player. It’s really important to me and…

3 2.11 Daisy is talking to her friend Ben. Listen. What has happened?

switch off walk to school cheaper cycling environmentally friendly car sharing

Alice So, why don’t we 1… tomorrow? What do you think?

Rob I’m not sure. It’s a long way.Alice But it’s greener than the bus, and it’s

2…!Rob Well, all right, but I reckon 3… is

quicker. Let’s go for that.Alice OK. My parents are trying to be greener

too. My mum does 4… with a work colleague, and at home we always 5… the lights when we leave the room.

Rob Good idea. Hey, how about reusing old bags when we go shopping? It’s more 6… than getting a new plastic bag each time.

Alice I like the idea of that – and it’s easy!

5 1.45 Listen to the key phrases.

Key phrasesWhy don’t we (walk)? I think/I reckon…How about (reusing bags)? I like the idea of that.What do you think? Let’s go for that.I’m not sure.

6 In pairs. You want to be greener. Discuss and compare the ideas in Ex.1 and decide which things you will or won’t try to do, and why. Use Ex.4 and the key phrases to help you.

Discussing how to be green1 Match the photos (1–6) to the ‘green’ actions in

the box.

recycle rubbish use less packaging save electricity save water walk or cycle to school use local shops and products

2 1.43 Jake and his sister Sarah are thinking of ways to be greener. Listen. Which actions in Ex.1 do they mention?

3 1.43 Listen again. True or false? Write T or F.

1 Sarah and Jake’s family already recycle all their rubbish.

2 Small shops use less packaging than supermarkets.

3 Supermarkets are more expensive than local shops.

4 Jake and Sarah usually switch off the computer at night.

5 Sarah has a shower every day.6 A shower uses less water than a bath.

4 1.44 Alice and Rob are chatting. Complete the dialogue with the phrases from the box. Listen and check. Then practise the dialogue in pairs.

89 88 Go back to Unit 4

Everyday listening & speaking 4

Go back to Unit 3

3 Everyday listening & speaking

Sustainable development1 What is your carbon footprint? Choose the

correct definition, a or b.

a The quantity of carbon dioxide emissions that you produce when you travel by car or aeroplane.

b The total quantity of carbon dioxide emissions that all your day-to-day activities produce in one year.

2 1.46 Read and listen to the text about sustainable development, and check your answers.

3 Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 Who met at the Earth Summit? Why?2 What is ‘sustainable development’?3 What is the idea behind Local Agenda 21?4 Who needs to contribute to make it effective?5 What can local councils do?6 What can supermarkets and shoppers do?

Talk about it

4 In pairs. Talk about things at your school which have a negative impact on the environment. What can you do to improve this negative impact? Make a list of problems and solutions. Think about the things in the box.

rubbish and recycling leaving lights/computers switched on green areas leaving water taps on travelling to school using paper

5 Use your answers from Ex.4 to write a text (150–200 words) about the negative impact your school has on the environment, and what everyone in the school could do to reduce it.

In 1992, the leaders of more than 100 countries met at the Earth Summit, a United Nations conference in Rio de Janeiro. They discussed issues which affect the environment, such as pollution and poverty, and talked about possible solutions. They adopted a global strategy for ‘sustainable development’. This means economic and social development which doesn’t destroy the environment. One of the most important parts of their strategy is ‘Local Agenda 21’.

The idea behind Local Agenda 21 (21 refers to the 21st century) is that if a lot of people do small things locally, they can have a big impact nationally, and an even bigger impact globally. For example, if only a few people take the bus to work rather than drive, it doesn’t make much difference. However, if millions of people across the world do it, the difference is huge.

Everything we do has an impact on the environment. We can measure this by calculating the carbon dioxide we generate just by our daily activities. This is our ‘carbon footprint’. Local Agenda 21 encourages a collective responsibility towards the environment. For it to be effective, everyone in a community needs to work together to reduce their carbon footprint – at home, at school or at work. Local councils need to provide good facilities such as recycling and public transport, and people need to use them. People need to switch off lights, computers and TVs when they aren’t using them. Supermarkets need to use less packaging and shoppers need to stop using plastic bags.

If everyone plays a small part, they can make their local area cleaner and less polluted, and protect the global environment. Small actions really can change the world!

Talk about it

1 How many TVs have you got in your home? Have you got one in your bedroom?

2 What TV programmes do you watch? How many hours a day do you watch TV?

3 What kinds of TV programmes are popular in Spain?

4 Which American TV programmes do you watch?5 Do you think TV can influence behaviour?6 Do you think Mental Detox Week is a good

idea? Would you take part?

4 Use your answers from Ex.3 to write a text (150–200 words) describing your TV habits and giving your opinions on TV.

Television in the USA1 1.31 Read the text about television in the

USA, and complete it with the numbers from the box. Then read and listen, and check your answers.

8,000 9% 4½ 106.5 million 19% 66% 20 million 1928

2 Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 What does the text say about half of all homes in the USA?

2 How long does the average American watch TV for every day?

3 Why is it not surprising that TV is so important in the USA?

4 Which programme always has the biggest TV audience?

5 How can TV have a damaging effect on society?6 What do people do during Mental Detox Week?

Americans watch a lot of television. There are more TVs than people in the typical American home today – only 1… of homes have just one TV, and half of all homes have three or more. Fifty percent of American children have got a TV in their bedroom. The average American watches TV for about 2… hours a day, and 3… of people regularly watch TV while they’re having dinner. In fact, on average, Americans spend about 4… of their entire life watching TV!

Maybe this isn’t surprising. The USA was one of the first countries to sell commercial TV sets, and it started showing regular programmes in 5…. The Americans made and exported iconic programmes that the entire world saw and loved: drama series like Star Trek and comedies like Happy Days.

Today, the most popular types of TV programme in the USA are drama series like CSI and talent shows like American Idol. However, every year millions of people

watch the Super Bowl, the most important American Football game of the year. In 2010 6… viewers watched it on TV, the biggest audience ever for a US TV show.

All this TV can have negative results. Americans see a lot of violence on TV – the average child sees over 7… murders on TV before they start high school. Many people think this increases violent behaviour and can cause social problems. One organisation, the Center for Screen-Time Awareness, encourages people to switch off their TVs, at least for one week a year. They call it ‘Mental Detox Week’. It is becoming more popular every year – in 2008, 8… Americans took part.

3Culture & CLIL

97 96 Go back to Unit 3Culture & CLIL video

A national obsessionA national obsession

Go back to Unit 2

2 Culture & CLIL

Culture & CLIL video

Background to the story…Robinson Crusoe was born in York in England in 1632. From a young age he wants to become a sailor. On one of his first voyages1 he is taken by Turkish pirates and he becomes a slave. After two years he escapes and he is rescued2 by a Portuguese ship on its way to Brazil. The captain takes Robinson with them.

Robinson Crusoe

I stayed in Brazil and worked hard for some years. By then I was rich … but also bored. One day some friends came to me and said, ‘We’re going to Africa to do business. Why don’t you come with us? We’ll all be rich after this journey!’

How stupid I was! I had an easy, comfortable life in Brazil, but, of course, I agreed. And so, in 1659, I went to sea again.

At first, all went well, but then there was a terrible storm3. For twelve days the wind and the rain didn’t stop. We lost three men in the sea, and soon the ship had holes in its sides. ‘We’re all going to die this time,’ I said to myself. Then one morning one of the sailors saw land, but the next minute our ship hit some sand just under the sea. The ship could not move and we were really in danger now. The sea was trying to break the ship into pieces, and we had very little time. Quickly, we put a boat into the sea and got off the ship. But the sea was very rough and our little boat could not live for long in that wild water.

Half an hour later the angry sea turned our boat over and we were all in the water. I looked round for my friends, but I could see nobody. I was alone.

That day I was lucky, and the sea carried me to the shore. I could not see the land, only mountains of water all around me. Then, suddenly, I felt the ground under my feet. Another mountain of water came, pushed me up the beach, and I fell on the wet sand.

At first I was very thankful to be alive. Slowly, I got to my feet and went higher up the shore. From there, I looked out to sea. I could see our ship, but it was wrecked and there was nobody near it. There was nobody in the water. All my friends were dead. I was alive, but in a strange wild country, with no food, no water, and no gun.

It was dark now and I was tired. I was afraid to sleep on the shore. Perhaps there were wild animals there. So I went up a tree and I stayed there all night.

From Robinson Crusoe, Oxford Bookworms Library. Retold by Diane Mowat.

Glossary1voyage – a long journey by sea2rescued – saved from danger3storm – very bad weather with strong winds and rain

Talk about it

4 In pairs. Imagine you are Robinson Crusoe and you have just arrived on a desert island. What are the first things you do?

5 Read what happens next and compare your answers to Ex.4. Who visits the island from time to time? Why?

The next day, Robinson Crusoe swims to the ship and takes food and supplies from it, including knives, sails1 and guns. Back on land, he makes a shelter2 and learns how to kill animals and survive. After many years, he starts to see footprints3 occasionally. Then he discovers that the footprints belong to ‘wild men’ who sometimes visit the island and bring prisoners4. They have ceremonies, kill their prisoners and then eat them before leaving the island again. At first Robinson Crusoe is frightened, but he is also very lonely so he thinks of a plan.1sails – strong material which, using the wind, moves a

ship2shelter – a structure which gives protection3footprints – the shape a foot makes in sand4prisoners – people who are captured and are not free

6 4.04 Listen to the next part of the story. What does Robinson Crusoe plan to do? Why? Listen again and answer the questions.

1 How long does Robinson Crusoe wait before he sees the boats?

2 How many ‘wild men’ come in the boats?3 What does one of the prisoners do?4 How many men run after the prisoner?5 What do Robinson Crusoe and the prisoner do

to the men?6 Why does Robinson Crusoe call the prisoner

‘Man Friday’?

Writing

7 Imagine you are on a desert island. You can have five things, including one person. Who or what would you take, and why? Write 150–200 words.

Robinson Crusoe — Daniel Defoe

Start thinking1 Read about Daniel Defoe. Think about other stories

you know about people being alone in a strange place. What is the name of the story and what happens?

2 Read the Background to the story on p.107. How do you think Robinson Crusoe ends up on an island alone?

About the authorDaniel Defoe

Born: 1660 in London, England

Died: 1731

Important works: Robinson Crusoe (1719), Moll Flanders (1722)

Did you know? Daniel Defoe was one of the first authors to write a modern novel in English, and Robinson Crusoe has influenced many other stories and generations of writers. The story of Robinson Crusoe is thought to be based on the true adventures of Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk, who spent four years alone on an island in the Pacific. In 1966, this island, one of the Islas Juan Fernández, was renamed Robinson Crusoe Island.

1 4.03 Read and listen to the extract. Check your answer to Start thinking, question 2.

2 Read the extract again and put the events (a–h) in the correct order (1–8).

a … The ship hits sand.b … The boat turns over.c … Robinson Crusoe sleeps in a tree.d … Robinson Crusoe sees that there are no other

survivors.e … Robinson Crusoe decides to go to Africa.f … The sailors abandon the ship in a small boat.g … There is a terrible storm.h … The water carries Robinson Crusoe to

the island.

3 Find the words in the extract which mean the following:

1 spaces, openings (L.11) …2 not calm or flat (L.18) …3 the land beside the sea (L.23) …4 destroyed (L.30) …5 not domesticated (L.35) …

107 106

BB Literature