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SUBSTRATE EVALUATION FOR SPAWN PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF OYSTER

MUSHROOM

ByMuhammad Rizwan

Liaqat2

Introduction

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Introduction

Higher fungi 12000 spp 2000 edible 120 commercially

cultivated

Mushrooms

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Mushroom were one of man’s earliest foods.An exotic and luxurious food reserved for the rich.They can be grown anywhere as long as the conditions for their

growth and cultivation are provided.Available mushroom technologies range in complexity from very

high to amazingly low.

Introduction

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Oyster mushroom Edible mushroom , excellent flavor

and taste. 3rd largest commercially produce

mushroom. naturally on rotten wood material. 40 well recognized species. 12 are

cultivated.

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× Mushroom normally ranges between 20 and 40% in protein.

× Also contain all the essential amino acids .× low in total fat content and have a high proportion of

polyunsaturated fatty acids (72 to 85%) relative to total fat content.

× High content of linoleic acids is one of the reasons why mushrooms are considered a health food.

Nutrition value

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Mushroom classification

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Kingdom: Fungi

Phylum: Basidiomycota

Class: Basdiomycetes

Sub-class: Holobasidiomycetida

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Order: Polyporales

Family: Polyporaceae

Genus: Pleurotus

• Large quantity of agriculture wastes produces annually

• Alternate method of utilization these agriculture waste

• Environment pollution problems associated burning and soil incorporation.

INTRODUCTION

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• Cultivation of Saprophytic edible mushroom may be the only current economical biotechnology for lignocelluloses organic waste recycling that combines the production of protein rich food with the reduction of environmental pollution

OBJECTIVE

Evaluation of agricultural wastes and grains for the development of spawn.

To evaluate spawn developed on different agricultural substrates for mushroom yield.

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Materials and Methods

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Mushroom culture Preparation Strain of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) Pure culture was maintained on malt extract medium. Grain and waste collection Malakander farm & other location of K.P

LAB EXPERIMENT

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oven dried at 50 oC for seven days

ground in a Grinding mill 1mm mesh size

SUBSTRATE PREPARATION OF WASTE

substrate 83%

wheat bran 15%

gypsum 1%

calcium carbonate 1%

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soaked in water 24

hours

Excessive water

drained off

capped & sterilized at 121oC

for 20 minutes.

Inoculation in

aseptic condition

capped and sealed

incubated for 15-20 days at 25oC

SUBSTRATE PREPARATION OF GRAINS

substrate 83%

wheat bran 15%

gypsum 1%

calcium carbonate 1%

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Substrates used for spawn production

S.NO Name of the substrate

1 Lipedium spp

2 Date palm leaves

3 Okra

4 Barseem

5 Tea waste

6 Mung bean

7 Paddy straw

8 Red chilli

9 Maize grains

10 Millet grains

11 Wheat grains16

Substrate preparation

Chopped wheat straw 4-5cm soaked in water for 48 hours to moisten left overnight to remove the excess of water Retain 80-90% moisture in the straw

Mushroom house Experiment

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Filling and Pasteurization of bags

Substrate was filled in heat resistant glass bags pasteurized for 3-4 hours at 80-900C left overnight for cooling

Mushroom house Experiment

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Inoculation

Inoculated with spawn of oyster mushroom developed on selected agricultural wastes and grains.

All the bags were labeled and incubated in the production room at 25oC.

Mushroom house Experiment

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DATA RECORDED

Time for completion of spawn running Days to appearance of pin heads Number of pin heads Days to maturity formation Biological efficiency (BE)  Cost benefit ratio

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Yield: Number of fruiting bodies per bag Sustenance percentage Weight of Sporophore Cap diameter Data analysis

DATA RECORDED

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Results and Discussions

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Mycelial growth of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different substrates(Top to bottom).

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Substrate 5 days 10 days 15 days

Lepedium spp 9.25 e 20.50 d 25.00 de

Date palm leaves 13.30 d 36.66 bc 47.00 b

Okra waste 31.00 a 56.66 a 69.25 a

Barseem waste 0.00 f 10.00 e 15.00 ef

Tea waste 0.00 f 8.00 e 8.75 f

Mung beans pods 12.66 d 28.66 cd 34.33 bcd

Paddy straw 22.50 bc 56.00 a 65.00 a

Red chilies 14.00 d 23.00 d 31.00 cd

Maize grains 20.33 c 42.50 b 44.50 bc

Millet grains 20.33 c 38.00 bc 41.00 bc

Wheat grains 24.00 b 38.33 bc 42.66 bc

LSD(P < 0.05) 3.2095 10.411 14.231

Effect of substrates on mycelial growth (mm) of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida).

Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability.

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SubstrateSpawn run in days

25% 50% 75% 100%

Date palm leaves 13.00 c 17.50 bc 23.50 c 27.50 de

Okra waste 14.00 b 19.33 ab 24.66 b 30.66 b

Mung beans pods 9.00 e 14.00 d 20.50 e 26.66 e

Paddy straw 9.16 e 14.33 d 17.33 f 24.16 f

Red chilies 10.33 d 14.16 d 22.50 d 29.50 c

Maize grains 15.66 a 21.00 a 25.33 b 29.83 bc

Millet grains 14.83 ab 21.66 a 26.83 a 31.83 a

Wheat grains 10.66 d 15.83 cd 21.33 e 28.16 d

LSD(P < 0.05) 0.89 2.49 0.87 0.88

Effect of substrate on spawn running of Pleurotus florida.

Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability.

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Substrate Different mushroom stages (days)

Spawn run pin heads Fruiting bodies Total days

Date palm leaves 27.5 de 7.1 ef 2.6 c 37.3 e

Okra waste 30.6 b 9.3 c 3.5 a 43.3 b

Mung beans pods 26.6 e 7.6 e 2.6 c 37.0 e

Paddy straw 24.1 f 7.0 f 2.5 c 33.6 f

Red chilies 29.5 c 7.6 e 3.3 ab 40.5 c

Maize grains 29.8 bc 12.3 a 2.8 bc 45.0 a

Millet grains 31.8 a 10.5 b 3.5 a 45.8 a

Wheat grains 28.1 d 8.3 d 2.5 c 39.0 d

LSD(P < 0.05) 0.88 0.66 0.63 1.31

Effect of substrate on different stages of Pleurotus florida.

Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability.

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Cap diameter

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Substrate No. of pin heads No. of fruiting bodies Cap diameter(cm)

Date palm leaves 91.8 d 23.1 d 5.1 bc

Okra waste 86.0 e 21.6 de 5.3ab

Mung beans pods 65.5 f 17.3 f 4.9 bcd

Paddy straw 136.1 a 29.3 b 5.8 a

Red chilies 65.3 f 20.6 e 4.6 cd

Maize grains 106.1 c 26.0 c 4.8 bcd

Millet grains 57.8 g 25.8 c 4.6 d

Wheat grains 110.1b 35.1a 5.1 bc

LSD(P < 0.05) 3.92 2.11 0.52

Comparison of different parameters of oyster mushroom (P. florida) grown from the developed spawn on different

substrates.

Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability

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Substrate No. of pin heads No. of fruiting bodies Sustenancy (%)

Date palm leaves 91.8 d 23.1 d 25.23 c

Okra waste 86.0 e 21.6 de 25.24 c

Mung beans pods 65.5 f 17.3 f 26.51 c

Paddy straw 136.1 a 29.3 b 21.58 d

Red chilies 65.3 f 20.6 e 31.60 b

Maize grains 106.1 c 26.0 c 24.52 c

Millet grains 57.8 g 25.8 c 44.72 a

Wheat grains 110.1b 35.1a 32.00 b

LSD(P < 0.05) 3.92 2.11 2.809

Sustenance potential (%) from pin heads to fruiting body development on different substrate.

Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability

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Substrate Ist Week 2ND Week 3RD Week 4TH Week Totals Means

Date palm leaves 88.2 a 58.5 a 52.4 a 50.8 a 250.1 a 62.5 a

Okra waste 67.1 b 40.7 b 20.2 cd 18.7 de 146.8 c 36.7 c

Mung beans pods 36.1 f 17.1 d 15.7 f 14.2 g 83.3 f 20.8 f

Paddy straw 90.2 a 60.4 a 38.4 b 34.5 c 223.7 b 55.9 b

Red chilies 59.0 c 29.1 c 22.0 c 19.2 d 129.4 d 32.3 d

Maize grains 53.5 d 20.6 d 19.7 de 16.9 ef 110.9 e 27.7 e

Millet grains 47.3 e 25.6 c 17.7 ef 16.0 fg 106.7 e 26.6 e

Wheat grains 90.0 a 57.0 a 51.6 a 46.2 b 245.0 a 61.2 a

LSD(P < 0.05) 3.52 4.58 2.13 2.03 7.28 1.82

Effect of substrate on yield of oyster mushroom (P. florida).

Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability

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Substrate Biological efficiency (%)

Date palm leaves 19.24 a

Okra waste 11.29 c

Mung beans pods 6.41 f

Paddy straw 17.21 b

Red chilies 9.95d

Maize grains 8.52 e

Millet grains 8.21 e

Wheat grains 18.85 a

LSD(P < 0.05) 0.560

Effect of substrate on Biological efficiency of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida).

Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability.

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Substrate Estimated costs Cost benefit ratio

Date palm leaves 15.00 0.3

Okra waste 10.00 0.2

Mung beans pods 10.00 0.2

Paddy straw 10.00 0.2

Red chilies 10.00 0.2

Maize grains 25.00 0.5

Millet grains 50.00 1.00

Wheat grains 30.00 0.6

Cost Benefit Ratio of the substrates used for the spawn development of oyster mushroom (P. florida).

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Paddy straw and date palm leaves were found best substrates for the spawn development of oyster mushroom.

Instead of wheat grain we used paddy straw and date palm leaves for spawn production.

Spawn developed on different substrates have significant effect on yield of mushroom.

Date palm leaves and paddy straw were showed good results for yield among the substrates on which spawn developed.

Conclusions & Recommendations

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Research work is needed to investigate the effect of substrate on sustainable yield of edible mushrooms with regards to commercial production.

Research is also needed to check the chemical composition of these substrates.

Further Detailed studies are required to explore other agricultural waste for spawn and mushroom production.

Conclusions & Recommendations

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Thankful to

Higher Education Commission.

Acknowledgment

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THANK YOU

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