subscription and open access business models in journals publishing
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Subscription and Open Access Business Models in Journals Publishing. Martin Richardson Managing Director Oxford Journals. Our experiments are designed to discover whether Open Access models can achieve wider dissemination than subscription models - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Subscription and Open Access Business Models in Journals Publishing
Martin RichardsonManaging DirectorOxford Journals
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
• Our experiments are designed to discover whether Open Access models can achieve wider dissemination than subscription models
• But in order to be successful any new business model will also need to be financially viable
Experimenting with Business Models
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Small libraries Large libraries
Our traditional core market
Research
Teaching
TOTAL LIBRARY MARKET
Subscriptions and Licencing
The Market for Print Journals
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
The Market for Print Journals
Developing countries Developed countries
Our traditional core market
Academic
Professional
TOTAL LIBRARY MARKET
Subscriptions and Licencing
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
The channels
• Traditional journal subscription sales
• Online journal collection sales
• Individual article sales
• Licensing content to specialist aggregators
Subscriptions and Licencing
Case Study: Nucleic Acids Research
• Volume 35 in 2007
• 24 issues/~1200 papers published
per year
• 2006 impact factor of 6.3
• Open access model introduced in
2005
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Case Study: Nucleic Acids Research
Institutional circulation 2002 -2004
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2002 2003 2004
Developing countries access
Additional sites with Consortiaand multisite subscriptions
Regular Institutionalsubscriptions
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Case Study: Nucleic Acids Research
Online usage
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
2002 2003 2004
millions
Full text downloads
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Subscriptions and Licencing
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Source: ARL Statistics 2004-05, Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C.
%
Journals Unit Cost Journals Expenditures Journals purchased
Serial Costs in ARL Libraries
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
• Full open access – Nucleic Acids Research (since 2005)
• Optional open access – 60 journals (and counting)
across a broad range of subjects
Open Access Models
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
NAR’s author open access charges
Plus:
• Special rates/waivers (£0–420) for developing countries
• Author loyalty discount
• Waiver requests considered from those in financial hardship.
• No charge for commissioned Survey and Summary papers
• Editorial board members – free print or one free publication per year.
Year Non-member Member
2005 £900 / $1500 £300 / $500
2006 £1000 / $1900 £500 / $950
2007 £1250 / $2370 £625 / $1185
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
NAR submission trends
NAR submissions received 2002–2007
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 est
Year
No
. su
bm
issi
on
s
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
NAR actual open access charge payments
Period % Authors requesting
waiver
% Paying appropriate
charge
% Accessing member form
% Accessing non-member
form
2005 ~8% (inc. 3% funded by JISC)
92% 71% 29%
2006 7% 93% 37% 63%
2007 est.
7% 93% 17% 83%
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Nucleic Acids Research income 2004 - 2006
20062004
Author charges
Institutional memberships
Print subscriptions
Other
47%
83% 7%
39%
7%8%9%
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Is OA financially viable?
NAR income per article
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2004 2005 2006 2007
£000's
Subscriptions Author Charges Other Income
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
NAR: Daily article views for 2003-200514000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Does OA increase usage?
Source: Ciber study, 2006
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Search engine
Pubmed
OUP menus
External link
Other
Does OA increase usage
NAR Monthly articles viewed by referrer
Source: Ciber study, 2006 (unpublished)
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
• 54 Journals participating across a broad range of subjects
• Author charges £800/£1500 depending on whether author based at subscribing institution
• Subscription prices to be adjusted in proportion to % of pages published OA in prior year
Optional Open Access
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Are authors choosing to pay for open access?
Oxford Open uptake 2006
Subject Area No. of Journals
Papers Published
OA Papers
% Uptake
Medicine 22 3945 180 5.3
Life Sciences 17 3050 321 7.6
Social Sciences & Humanities
12 405 6 1.1
Mathematics 3 304 5 1.8
Total 54 7704 512 6.6
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Optional open access – some issues
• Author charges are currently the same for all journals in Oxford Open – we will consider different rates to reflect uptake and the impact of OA on individual journal revenues
• Subscription prices – we are adjusting prices in 2008 to reflect uptake in 2006-7
• Will we lose subscriptions? As yet it is to early to tell
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Link resides in IR rather than final PDF
Access to full-text according to usual policy of each journal
Allows continued and consistent collection and analysis of usage and citation data
It is clear to a casual reader which version of an article is the final and authoritative one
Less likely to cause subscription cancellation and undermine the revenue streams that fund the publication process, including peer-review
Self-archiving: an alternative model
Author
Journal
OUP Journals Online
OAI (Open Archives Initiative) harvesters & aggregators
e.g. www.OAIster.org
Oxford University Eprints I.R.
Article
Link to OUP for PDF full text delivery
Metadata toOxford Eprints
OAI harvesters crawl and index OAI-compliant
websites
(Self-archiving)
The OUP/Sherpa Project
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
Nucleic Acids Research/ PubMed Central online usage
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
Jan-04
Feb-0
4
Mar-04
Apr-04
May-04
Jun-04
Jul-04
Aug-04
Sep-0
4Oct-
04
Nov-04
Dec-04
Jan-05
Feb-0
5
Mar-05
Full text downloads
Source: PubMed Central
6 months delay
No delay
Case Study: Subject Repositories
Delayed Open Access: Why: The “Decay Curve”
“Impacts of free access”. Nature, 5 April 2001
That was then…
Delayed Open Access: Why: The “Decay Curve”
This is now…
Delayed Open Access: Why: The “Decay Curve”
A literature journal…
Delayed Open Access: Why: The “Decay Curve”
A maths journal…
Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007
How will business models evolve?
Key influences on the way our business will be conducted in the future:- Technological developments (and constraints) Politicians and law makers Research funders Library budgets