SUBJECT: English TOPIC : Past simple, past perfect and continuous

tenses.

TEACHER: José Faiver

Sanjuán Gómez

HOURS PER WEEK: 3

GUIDE: May 11tht to July

12th 9 weeks

OBJECTIVE: reflexionar y valorar la historia general,

de la cultura, tradiciones y acontecimientos de la vida

cotidiana, a través de la construcción de oraciones en

pasado y condicional de ejercicios tipo ICFES.

GRADE: Ninth COMPETENCE Establecer diferencias y aplicar con precisión los diferentes tiempos pasados. Ampliar vocabulario de verbos regulares e irregulares en contexto.

ASSESSMENT PROCESS Los estudiantes conectados a Classroom deberán

presentar el taller y las actividades a desarrollar en los

tiempos estipulados, a través de la plataforma a la cual

están conectados. Los estudiantes sin acceso a internet

deberán desarrollar el cuestionario como se indica y

presentarlo después de la cuarentena como lo indican

las autoridades nacionales y locales.

READ THE FOLLOWWING TEXT AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW

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READ AND ANSWER WRITE TRUE OR FALSE

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ANEXES READINGS SECOND TERM READNIDS

Atmosphere of Venus

Data from the Pioneer spacecraft of NASA apparently prove the theory that the high surface

temperature of Venus is due to an atmospheric greenhouse effect caused mainly by a blanket of carbon

dioxide. Such a greenhouse effect is created when energy in the form of sunlight easily passes through

a planet's atmosphere, warms its surface, and is converted to heat radiation that is then held in by the

atmosphere from top to bottom. Venus has a relatively thin atmosphere like the Earth's, but Venus'

atmosphere consists of more than ninety percent carbon dioxide, compared to less than four percent

in that of the Earth. Because of its higher percentage of carbon dioxide, Venus' atmosphere traps much

more heat radiation than does the Earth's. Thus, the Venus studies are believed to be important to the

understanding of possible adverse effects on the Earth's agriculture that could result from the long-term

use of fossil fuels, which add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

How Does Brain Work?

Theories about how brain works remain a topic of debate. It is agreed, though, that the hippocampus,

a part of the brain, is undeniably important for memory. When we experience something, the information

is sent via our senses to the hippocampus, where it is processed. Scientists believe that brain cells

called neurons first transform the sensory stimuli we experience into images in our immediate memory.

Then, these images are sent to the hippocampus and stored temporarily in short term memory. In the

hippocampus information is organized, and it is during this process that parts of the image of our

experience fade away. Finally, certain information is then transferred to long-term memory in a section

in the frontal lobe of the brain known as the cerebral cortex. Scientists think this process may happen

while we are sleeping, but exactly how the information is transferred from one area of the brain to

another is a mystery.

People With Extraordinary Abilities

Fictional stories about people who have extraordinary abilities have always attracted people's attention.

One of them is the story of Vera Petrova, who is able to perceive things with different parts of her skin,

and through solid walls. One day she comes into his father's office and puts her hands on the door of

a locked safe. Suddenly she asks her father why he keeps so many old newspapers locked away there.

Vera's curious talent is brought to the notice of a scientific research institute and she is given a series

of tests by a special commission. During these tests she manages to read a newspaper through an

opaque screen and then she describes the figures and colors of a picture hidden under a carpet. During

all these tests Vera is blindfolded; and, indeed, except when blindfolded she lacks the ability to perceive

things with her skin. It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers, this

ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.

The Bermuda Triangle

The Bermuda Triangle occupies a disturbing and almost unbelievable place in the world's catalog of

unexplained mysteries. More than a hundred planes and ships have vanished in this area into the air

since 1945, and more than a thousand lives have been lost, without a single body or even a piece

wreckage from the vanishing planes or ships having been found. Many of the planes concerned have

vanished while in normal radio contact with their base until the very moment of their disappearance,

while others have radioed the most extraordinary messages, implying that they could not get their

instruments to function, that their compasses were spinning, that the sky had turned yellow and hazy

on a clear day, and the ocean, which was calm nearby, didn't look right without further clarification of

what was wrong.

Opera

Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional content is conveyed

to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental, as it is through the lyrics. By

contrast, in musical theater, an actor's dramatic performance is primary, and the music plays a lesser

role. The drama in opera is presented using the primary elements of theater such as scenery,

costumes, and acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto, are sung rather than spoken. The

singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging from a small instrumental ensemble to a full

symphonic orchestra.

Dolphins

Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping drowning

sailors have been common since Roman times. The more we learn about dolphins, the more we

realize that their society is more complex than people previously imagined. They look after other

dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and protect the weakest in the community, as

we do. Some scientists have suggested that dolphins have a language but it is much more probable

that they communicate with each other without needing words. Could any of these mammals be more

intelligent than man? Certainly the most common argument in favor of man's superiority over them

that we can kill them more easily than they can kill us is the least satisfactory. On the contrary, the

more we discover about these remarkable creatures, the less we appear superior when we destroy

them.

Unsinkable Ship

Naval architects never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of the passenger-and-car ferry

Estonia in the Baltic surely should have never have happened. It was well designed and carefully

maintained. It carried the proper number of lifeboats. It had been thoroughly inspected the day of its

fatal voyage. Yet hours later, the Estonia rolled over and sank in a cold, stormy night. It went down so

quickly that most of those on board, caught in their dark, flooding cabins, had no chance to save

themselves: Of those who managed to scramble overboard, only 139 survived. The rest died of

hypothermia before the rescuers could pluck them from the cold sea. The final death toll amounted to

912 souls. However, there were an unpleasant number of questions about why the Estonia sank and

why so many survivors were men in the prime of life, while most of the dead were women, children and

the elderly.

Erosion in America

Erosion of America's farmland by wind and water has been a problem since settlers first put the prairies

and grasslands under the plow in the nineteenth century. By the 1930s, more than 282 million acres of

farmland were damaged by erosion. After 40 years of conservation efforts, soil erosion has accelerated

due to new demands placed on the land by heavy crop production. In the years ahead, soil erosion and

the pollution problems it causes are likely to replace petroleum scarcity as the nation's most critical

natural resource problem.

Sunset

When the air is clear, the sunset will appear yellow, because the light from the sun has passed a long

distance through air and the blue light has been scattered away. If the air is polluted with small particles,

natural or otherwise, the sunset will be more red. Sunsets over the sea may also be orange, due to salt

particles in the air. The sky around the sun is seen reddened, as well as the light coming directly from

the sun. This is because all light is scattered relatively well through small angles, but blue light is then

more likely to be scattered twice over the greater distances, leaving the yellow, red and orange colors.

Human Developing

When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They

could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire,

however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they

stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the

growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This

development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking

plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food

reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the

founding of cities.

The Great Hanshin Earthquake

The Great Hanshin earthquake, or the Kobe earthquake as it is more commonly known overseas, was

an earthquake in Japan that measured 7.2 on the Japanese Scale. It occurred on January 17, 1995 at

5:46 am 52 seconds in the southern part of Hyogo Prefecture and lasted for approximately 20 seconds.

The epicenter of the earthquake was on the northern end of Awaji Island, near the cosmopolitan city of

Kobe with a population of 1.5 million. A total of 6,433 people, mainly in the city of Kobe, lost their lives.

Additionally, it caused approximately ten trillion yen in damage. It is listed in the Guinness Book of

Records as the costliest natural disaster. It was the worst .earthquake in Japan since the Great Kanto

earthquake in 1923, which claimed 140,000 lives.

Mother Tongue

First language, also known as mother tongue, is generally the language a person learns first. However,

one can have two or more native languages thus being a native bilingual or indeed multilingual. The

order in which these languages are learned is not necessarily the order of proficiency. Lacking in first

language skills often make learning other languages difficult. Often a child learns the basics of his or

her first language or languages from his or her family. The term mother tongue, however, should not

be interpreted to mean that it is the language of one's mother. For instance, in some paternal societies,

the wife moves in with the husband and thus may have a different first language or dialect than the

local language of the husband. Yet their children usually only speak their local language.

Practice of Medicine

Modern scientific and technological developments in the practice of medicine and public health have

drawn nursing into new and wider fields of activity, and its functions have been expanded accordingly.

Therefore, nursing is no longer limited mainly to activities within the hospital, or to what is called curative

nursing. It has become also a community service in which preventive and rehabilitative functions are a

vital part of its program. The modern concept of nursing considers the hospital, however central, as

only one of many health agencies in the community.

Ultralight Airplanes

An ultralight airplane is very different from a conventional airplane. It looks like a lawn chair with wings,

weighs no more than 254 pounds, flies up to 60 miles an hour, and carries about 5 gallons of fuel. Most

ultralights are sold as kits and take about 40 hours to assemble. Flying an ultralight airplane is so easy

that a pilot with no experience can fly one. Accidents are rarely fatal or even serious because the

ultralight lands so slowly and gently and carries very little fuel. Some models now have parachutes

attached, while others have parachute packs which pilots can wear.

Traffic Accidents

Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect

the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre on the road may be regarded as a social problem.

Safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic

road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the

accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no

improvement in the way drivers behave.