su erskine (heard) & dan wilson (eduaction) funded by: rockefeller brothers
DESCRIPTION
A Spatial Framework for the Management & Support to Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in KwaZulu-Natal. “The care and protection of children is a practice and ethic rooted deep in the wisdom and culture of all societies” ~ James Grant. Su Erskine (HEARD) & Dan Wilson (EduAction) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A Spatial Framework for the Management & Support
to Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in KwaZulu-
Natal
Su Erskine (HEARD) & Dan Wilson (EduAction)
Funded by: Rockefeller Brothers
“The care and protection of children is a practice and ethic rooted deep in the wisdom and culture of all
societies” ~ James Grant
Presentation Outline Introduction to the project Explanation of the appropriateness & use
of GIS Mapping vulnerability - defining the extent of
OVC in KZN Support to OVC – support services
database Tools for stakeholders
Project background Quantifiable data about OVC
Where are they located? Who is providing the children with services?
• Community & non-government organisations• Public sector services
Where are the gaps? Creating a management tool
Visualising the spatial distribution of OVC Assessing the service-demand relationship Provide a rational basis for targeting
additional support
Why GIS? Capacity to hold and interrelate large sets of
spatial data
e.g. factors affecting vulnerability
factors affecting availability of services
Ability to geolocate persons that are in need of services and to develop indicators that help in decision making
Children need to be assisted in situ
Arrangements, relations and display
Settlement Patterns Road Infrastructure Access to Water
Security Schools Health Facilities
Composite layers of data
Defining & geolocating OVC in KZN
The concept of ‘vulnerability’ has many dimensions
The distribution of OVC is correlated with patterns of poverty and socio-economic deprivation
A key factor affecting vulnerability is the availability & effectiveness of local support networks & the ability of OVC to tap into these
Indicators of Vulnerability? Stakeholder meeting held with organisations
working directly with OVC No universal definition or consensus on OVC:
Circumstances differ Spatial context affects vulnerability –
rural/urban/developed/less developed HIV/AIDS creates increasing poverty, stigmatisation
and discrimination and therefore increases vulnerability
Interrogated Census data as a means of identifying factors that may impact on vulnerability
Potential Indicators 1Census Variable Group Motivation
Age
Annual Household Income Highlights potential vulnerability if households were to foster additional children
Employment status of Head of Household
Provides information on the dependability and sustainability of the main source of income. The work status of the household head is important
Education level of Head of Household
The education level of head of household (more specifically women) is well documented as directly relating to and impacting on child health.
Household language We need to know what languages are spoken and understood – this affects messages and assistance that are offered
Living in the same place for longer than 5 years
Indicates stability within the household unit
Mother/father alive A direct indicator of potential orphanhood status
Census Variable Group Motivation
Mode of travel/transport Representative of the extent to which people can access services e.g. if the dominant mode is of travel is walking or taxi, this impacts issues such as health service delivery
Number of people sharing a room
Indicator of overcrowding, particularly in urban settings
Present school attendance Allows researchers to quantify out of school youth who are more likely to be vulnerable to HIV infection.
Toilet facilities An important health-based indicator
Type of dwelling Housing type is a good representation of social circumstance and is important in terms of physical security
Water Source Quality of water linked to health and the distance to source or means of collection would indicate household chores
Potential Indicators 2
Differing spatialscales
Levels at which data is available for
KwaZulu-Natal in the
2001 Census
Potential Vulnerability
Factors
Percentage of children (below age 15) who responded ‘No’ to the question
‘Is your mother alive?’ in the 2001
Census at
Municipality Level
Potential Vulnerability
Factors
Percentage households within each Municipality
that have ‘insecure’ tenure status –
(Rented Accommodation or Occupied rent-free)
Potential Vulnerability
Factors
Percentage households within
Ethekwini Municipality that
have Flush Toilets
– Placename level
Dependency Ratios
Source: 2001 Census
Indicators
The demand for OVC services should be directly related to factors that cause vulnerability (e.g. infant mortality rates, HIV/AIDS prevalence).
Indicators should be investigated for areas where vulnerability is well known - the correlation can be determined and extrapolated to other areas as a more accurate method of estimating demand
Identify & geolocate organisations working/ supporting OVC
Public sector organisations Data obtained from provincial departments Department of Education Department of Health Department of Social Development
State Health Service Provision
Source: EduAction
State Social service delivery
Source: EduAction
Define, identify & geolocate organisations working/ supporting
OVC Non-state service providers
Existing databases used as springboard Building from contacts made General knowledge, networking,
newspapers etc
Technique known as geocoding used to position OVC projects
Services provided to OVC cont.
Non-state or private services
Project typesNumber of OVC Projects by Type
0
40
80
120
160
Feeding
Schem
e
Grant Aid
Fund Raisin
g
School B
ursari
es
Medical S
uppo
rt
Childrens
Home
Street
Shelter
Home-b
ased Care
Foster
ing
Daycare
Centre
Couns
elling
Training
Educa
tion Other
Project Type
Nu
mb
er
OVC support agencies: distribution
Feeding Schemes
Vulnerability viz distance from Government services
Maps created in conjunction with GeoData
Institute
Within 10kms of a Welfare Facility Population aged 0 to 4
Within 10kms of a Magistrate’s Court
Access to Health Facilities
Define & weight vulnerability parcels
Vulnerability and distance from NGO services
Map created in conjunction with GeoData Institute
Tools for stakeholders
Appropriate modes of delivery – web, CD, paper etc
Information gate keeping – need for a non-aligned govn dept to champion
Multicriteria analysis
Tools for stakeholders: Multicriteria Analysis
Examples provided by GeoData Institute