Studying Geography, Studying Geography, Economics, and Economics, and

CitizenshipCitizenship

Chapter 2Chapter 2

Studying GeographyStudying GeographyChapter 2.1Chapter 2.1

►Geography – the study of the surface Geography – the study of the surface of the earth.of the earth.

►Geographer- someone who studies the Geographer- someone who studies the surface of the earthsurface of the earth

5 Themes of Geography5 Themes of Geography

Geographers use maps and Geographers use maps and globes to study the Earthglobes to study the Earth

HemispheresHemispheres

►The Earth is divided in to “half The Earth is divided in to “half spheres” called hemispheres. spheres” called hemispheres.

►The Northern and Southern The Northern and Southern hemisphere is divided by the hemisphere is divided by the equator.equator.

The Eastern and Western The Eastern and Western hemisphere is divided by the hemisphere is divided by the

Prime Meridian.Prime Meridian.► ..

Which two hemispheres do you Which two hemispheres do you live in?live in?

Latitude and Longitude LinesLatitude and Longitude Lines

Latitude and Longitude RapLatitude and Longitude Rap

►https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0c1idtn3e8c1idtn3e8

Latitude LinesLatitude Lines

►Latitude lines are imaginary lines that Latitude lines are imaginary lines that run parallel to the Equator and run run parallel to the Equator and run east and west. They measure distance east and west. They measure distance north and south of the Equator in north and south of the Equator in degrees.degrees.

Longitude LinesLongitude Lines

►Longitude lines are Longitude lines are imaginary lines that imaginary lines that are parallel to the are parallel to the Prime Meridian and Prime Meridian and run north and south. run north and south. They measure the They measure the distance east and distance east and west of the Prime west of the Prime Meridian. Meridian.

Latitude and Longitude lines Latitude and Longitude lines form an imaginary grid of lines form an imaginary grid of lines all around the world. Your GPS all around the world. Your GPS reads these lines to give you reads these lines to give you your exact location on earth.your exact location on earth.

Types of MapsTypes of Maps

► Physical Maps Physical Maps Political MapsPolitical Maps

Physical MapPhysical Map

►Physical maps show land and water Physical maps show land and water features.features.

Political MapsPolitical Maps

►Political Maps show names and Political Maps show names and borders of countries.borders of countries.

Special-purpose mapsSpecial-purpose maps

► Special-purpose maps show patterns such Special-purpose maps show patterns such as climate, natural resources, or as climate, natural resources, or population.population.

Parts of a MapParts of a Map

Compass Rose- shows Compass Rose- shows directiondirection

Map Scale-measures distance Map Scale-measures distance on a mapon a map

Cardinal directions-north, south, Cardinal directions-north, south, east and westeast and west

Population and culturePopulation and culture

► Migration-movement of people from one Migration-movement of people from one place to settle in another placeplace to settle in another place

What can cause groups of people to move from one place to another?

CultureCulture

► Culture is the set of beliefs, behaviors, Culture is the set of beliefs, behaviors, and traits shared by the members of a and traits shared by the members of a group.group.

Exploring EconomicsExploring EconomicsChapter 2.2Chapter 2.2

►Economics relating to the process or Economics relating to the process or system by which goods and services system by which goods and services are produced, sold, and bought are produced, sold, and bought

SupplySupply

► Supply is the amount of a Supply is the amount of a good or service that a good or service that a producer wants to sellproducer wants to sell

DemandDemand

► Demand is the Demand is the amount of amount of something that a something that a consumer wants to consumer wants to buy.buy.

Law of Supply and DemandLaw of Supply and Demand

►Law of supply and demand says that Law of supply and demand says that the lower the price of a good or the lower the price of a good or service, the more of it people will want service, the more of it people will want to buy!to buy!

Trade in World HistoryTrade in World HistoryImportsImports are goods are goods

and services that a and services that a country buys from country buys from other countriesother countries

ExportsExports are goods are goods shipped out of a shipped out of a country and sold country and sold somewhere elsesomewhere else

Barter EconomiesBarter Economies

► Barter economy- Barter economy- trading of goods trading of goods and services for and services for other goods and other goods and servicesservices

Market EconomyMarket Economy

►Market Economy- people use Market Economy- people use MONEY MONEY to buy and sell goodsto buy and sell goods

Trade RoutesTrade Routes

Practicing CitizenshipPracticing CitizenshipChapter 2.3Chapter 2.3

►Government- a system by which a Government- a system by which a group of people rule themselvesgroup of people rule themselves

Social HierarchySocial Hierarchy

► Social Hierarchy is the organization of Social Hierarchy is the organization of groups within a culture in order of groups within a culture in order of importanceimportance

RSMSSuperintendent

Mr. Treadway

teachers

students

MonarchyMonarchy

► Monarchy is a government ruled by a king Monarchy is a government ruled by a king or queenor queen

Example of monarchy: Great Britain

TheocracyTheocracy

► Theocracy is a government ruled by God or Theocracy is a government ruled by God or by a godby a god

Examples: Vatican City and Ira

Dictatorship Dictatorship

► Dictatorship-a form of government where Dictatorship-a form of government where one person has absolute powerone person has absolute power

Example: Cuba, Germany under Hitler

OligarchyOligarchy

►Oligarchy is a type of government that Oligarchy is a type of government that ruled is by a small groupruled is by a small group

Example: Ancient Greece

Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government

►Representative Government or Representative Government or Republic- is a government where Republic- is a government where citizens elect officials to governcitizens elect officials to govern

Example: United States of America, ancient Rome

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

►Checks and Balances a system in Checks and Balances a system in which each branch of government which each branch of government limits the power of another branchlimits the power of another branch