study project trans-csp trans-mediterranean interconnection for concentrating solar power (wp03...
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TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
Study Project TRANS-CSP
Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power (WP03 Policies and Finance)
Project for the Research & Development Programme of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)
IFEED
NREA
TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
WP03 Policies and Finance
Scope:
Assess the strength and weekness of present energy policy and draft a strategy for sustainability.
Result:
Present subsidies and R&D policies are contradictory to sustainability and must be corrected. Trans-national renewable energy policies are insufficient. A EUMENA free trade area for renewables should be established.
TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
Subsidies [billion €/y] Coal/Lignite Oil/Gas Nuclear Renewables Total
on-budget 6,4 0,2 1,0 0,6 8,2 off-budget 6,6 8,5 1,2 4,7 21,0 external costs * 36,0 16,0 2,7 2,3 57,0
Total EU 15 49,0 24,7 4,9 7,6 86,2
Energy Subsidies in the European Union in 2001 (EEA 2004)
* average of minimum and maximum value calculated from EU-Programme ExternE
8 different renewable sources receive 8 % of energy subsidy (1 % each)
Present subsidy policies act against diversification
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Public Energy R&D in the OECD (IEA 2006)
8 different renewable sources receive 8 % of R&D Funding (1 % each)
Present R&D policies act against diversification
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What Kyoto-Instruments offer: rather volatile CO2 prices, low at the moment and probably increasing in the future
What Renewables Need: reliable initial support that can be gradually reduced
Carbon trade prices of the last 12 months in Euro/ton
Source: EXAA CO2-certificates
Carbon trading helps market introduction only to a limited extent
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European Support Instruments (REN 2005): lots of approaches but no best practice standards, and no trans-national renewable energy policies
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Adequate Political and Legal Framework Required
Diversification of the energy portfolio is a key to energy security.
The cost-stabilising effect of renewables must be valued adequately.
R&D for the cost reduction of renewables must be extended.
Feed in tariffs are very effective instruments for market introduction.
A EUMENA free trade zone for renewables should be established.
Evaluation and negotiation of HVDC interconnections must start soon.
Subsidisation of all energy technologies should be limited to a reasonable time span and subsequently reduced to zero.
European support for MENA for the market introduction of renewables can attenuate the growing pressure on fossil fuel resources that would otherwise origin from the economic growth of this region, thus helping indirectly to secure fossil fuel supply in Europe.
As a long term perspective, EUMENA should become a Community for Energy, Water and Climate Security.
TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
Public and Private Investment by Renewable Electricity Feed-In Laws
Low private investment risk through long term power purchase agreement granted by law
Low equity interest rates required by private investors due to low investment risk
Least cost market introduction of renewables through low equity interest rates of private investors
Diversity of supply through individually adapted feed-in tariffs for each technology
Stimulation of private investment and R&D for cost reduction through retrogressive feed-in tariffs
Feed-in laws provide public investment over limited time span to stimulate private investment for the market introduction of renewables
The initial tariff addition is covered by the consumers who benefit from future cost stability. Due to initially low renewable shares, the effect on consumer prices is very low.
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Comparing Strategies for Electricity in Europe
Electricity Mix dominated by Renewable Energy with Fossil Fuel Backup
Diversified supply and renewable resources
Domestic sources dominate the electricity mix
Low vulnerability of decentralised generation
Low hazardous waste, recyclable materials
Low risk of contamination or major accidents
Requires public investment over limited time
Low environmental impact
Trend to lower cost and low price volatility
Power on demand by a well balanced mix
Based on proven and demonstrated technologies
Electricity Mix dominated by Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power
Supply based on few and limited resources
Energy imports dominate the electricity mix
High vulnerability of large generation units
Unsolved disposal of nuclear waste and CO2
Risks of nuclear proliferation and accidents
Requires long-term continuous subsidisation
Climate change and pollution
Trend to higher cost and high price volatility
Power on demand by ideally stored energy
Still requires major technical breakthroughs: Safe fission and breeder technology. Commercial fusion reactor. Carbon capture and sequestration.