study on the agricultural marketing development project in the … · 2005-06-20 · tibet. sikkim...
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Study on the Agricultural Marketing DevelopmentProject in the Kingdom of Nepal
Figures
Mid
-Wes
tern
Far
Wes
tern
We
ste
rn
Ce
ntr
al
Ea
ste
rn
: Hor
ticul
ture
: Liv
esto
ck
: Fis
h
: Mou
ntai
ns a
rea
: Hill
s ar
ea
: Ter
ai P
lain
s ar
ea
In
di
a
Ti
be
t
Sik
kim
•L
EG
EN
D•
Fig
ure
1-1
I
nter
view
sur
vey
site
s vi
site
d by
Stu
dy T
eam
Mem
bers
Liv
esto
ck
1Pa
supa
ti na
gar
(IIa
m)
2B
irta
mod
, Kak
arvi
tta (
Jhap
a)3
Bir
atna
gar
(Mor
ang)
4B
ayal
bas
(Sar
lahi
)5
Kal
iya
(Bar
a)6
Bir
ganj
(Pa
rsa)
7K
athm
andu
(K
athm
andu
)8
Bhe
lkhe
i (B
hakt
apur
)9
Het
auda
(M
akaw
anpu
r)10
Bha
ratp
ur (
Chi
twan
)11
Pokh
ara
(Kas
ki)
12Pa
rasi
(N
awal
para
si)
13L
umbi
ni (
Rup
ande
hi)
14C
hano
uta
(Kap
ilbas
tu)
15T
ursi
pur
(Dan
g)18
Nep
alga
nj (
Ban
ke)
17G
ular
iya
(Bar
diya
)18
Mah
endr
anag
ar (
Kan
chan
pur)
Fish
1D
hank
uta
2D
hara
n (S
unta
ri)
3B
abla
Bir
ta (
Mor
ang)
4H
etau
da, (
Mak
awan
pur)
5N
aray
andh
ad (
Chi
twan
)6
Jana
kpur
(D
hanu
sha)
7B
urgu
nj (
Pars
a)8
Pokh
ara,
Beg
nas
(Kas
ki)
9Su
ryap
ura,
Day
anag
ar, B
hair
ahaw
a(R
upan
dehi
)10
Nep
algu
nj, B
haw
anip
ur (
Ban
ke)
SUR
VE
Y S
ITE
SH
ortic
ultu
re
1Ph
ikka
l(II
am)
2B
irta
mod
(Jh
apa)
3B
irat
nag
ar, J
ate,
Let
ang
(Mor
ang)
4D
hank
uta
5D
hara
n, S
uran
ga (
Suns
ari)
6Ja
nakp
ur, D
halk
ebar
(D
hanu
sha)
7B
ardi
bas
(Mah
otta
ri)
8N
awal
pur
(Sar
lahl
)9
Bir
gunj
(Pa
rsa)
10H
otau
da, D
aman
(M
akaw
anpu
r)11
Panc
hkha
l (K
abhr
e)12
Dhu
sha
(Dha
ding
)13
Nar
ayan
ghat
(C
hitw
an)
14N
awal
para
si15
But
wat
, Bha
irah
awa
(Rup
ande
hi)
18Po
khar
a (K
aski
)17
Kap
ilbas
tu18
Gho
rahi
,Lam
ahi
19N
epai
gunj
, Koh
alpu
r (B
anke
)20
Surk
het
21D
oti
22D
adel
dhur
a23
Mah
endr
anag
ar (
Kan
chan
pur)
Jum
la
Mus
tang
Pok
hara
But
wal
Nep
alga
nj
KAT
HM
AN
DU
Bha
ratp
ur
Het
auda
Birg
anj
Jana
kpur
Bira
tnag
ar
Ilam
Dha
ran
Mah
endr
anag
ar
Dha
nkut
a
500
100K
m
N
STU
DY
ON
TH
E A
GR
ICU
LT
UR
AL
MA
RK
ET
ING
DE
VE
LO
PM
EN
T P
RO
JEC
TIN
TH
E K
ING
DO
M O
F N
EPA
LJA
PAN
IN
TE
RN
AT
ION
AL
CO
OP
ER
AT
ION
AG
EN
CY
(JI
CA
)
Mid
-Wes
tern
Far
Wes
tern
We
ste
rn
Ce
ntr
al
Ea
ste
rn
: Hor
ticul
ture
: Liv
esto
ck
: Fis
h
: Mou
ntai
ns a
rea
: Hill
s ar
ea
: Ter
ai P
lain
s ar
ea
In
di
a
Ti
be
t
Sik
kim
•L
EG
EN
D•
Fig
ure
1-2
I
nter
view
sur
vey
site
s vi
site
d b
y L
ocal
Con
sult
ants
Surv
ey S
ites
Eco
logi
cal Z
ones
Eas
tern
- M
ount
ains
Eas
tern
Hill
s
Eas
tern
-Ter
ai
Cen
tral
-Mou
ntai
n
Cen
tral
-Hill
s
Cen
tral
-Ter
ai
Wes
tern
- M
ount
ain
Wes
tern
-Hill
s
Wes
tem
-Ter
ai
Mid
-Wes
tern
- M
ount
ain
Mid
-Wes
tern
Hill
sM
id-T
erai
Far
Wes
tern
- M
ount
ain
Far
Wes
tern
- H
ills
Far
Wes
tern
- T
erai
Hor
ticul
ture
Mud
e Sa
nisc
hare
Han
g Pa
ngSi
ndhu
wa
Bas
anta
pur
Kho
ku C
hint
ang,
Bar
bote
Soya
ngK
atah
ari
Bab
iya
Suru
nga
Nig
ale/
Mud
eJe
thal
Mah
adev
stha
nD
hulik
hel
Panc
hkha
lPa
naut
iK
akan
iD
hark
eD
husa
Dam
anPa
lung
Syar
dul
Jana
kpur
Bhu
lahi
Naw
alpu
rL
alba
ndhi
Sim
rang
adh
Bis
ambh
apur
Mar
pha
Yam
paph
ant
Man
akar
nana
Kar
enda
nda
Hya
nja
13ha
irab
stha
nH
atti
Ban
gari
Khu
da B
agar
- Kap
urko
tSi
saha
mya
Hir
min
iya
Nau
bast
aSh
anka
pur
Sera
Are
aB
hat K
anda
Mah
endr
a N
agar
Tila
chau
rT
ikap
ur
Liv
esto
ck
Fund
ling
Pare
wad
inFi
kkal
Bir
atna
gar
Dam
akK
anch
anpu
r - M
ahad
evst
han
Panc
hkha
l
Dha
lkeb
ar13
hand
ara
Man
galp
ur
Jom
som
Ban
dipu
rSi
suw
a
Shan
kar
Nag
ar
- - Kus
umSa
tbar
iya
Koh
aIpu
r
Fish
Bab
iya
Bir
tha
- - Jana
kpur
Bod
hban
- Pokh
ara
Day
a N
agar
- - Sora
haw
a
Jum
la
Mus
tang
Pok
hara
But
wal
Nep
alga
nj
KAT
HM
AN
DU
Bha
ratp
ur
Het
auda
Birg
anj
Jana
kpur
Bira
tnag
ar
Ilam
Dha
ran
Mah
endr
anag
ar
500
100K
m
N
STU
DY
ON
TH
E A
GR
ICU
LT
UR
AL
MA
RK
ET
ING
DE
VE
LO
PM
EN
T P
RO
JEC
TIN
TH
E K
ING
DO
M O
F N
EPA
LJA
PAN
IN
TE
RN
AT
ION
AL
CO
OP
ER
AT
ION
AG
EN
CY
(JI
CA
)
F-3
Fig.2-1 Vegetables imported from India in 99/00 (Total value Rs. 434million)
Kakarbitta34%
Biratnagar8%
Birgunj4%
Bairhawa48%
Nepalgunj2%
Dhangadhi4%
Kakarbitta
Biratnagar
Birgunj
Bairhawa
Nepalgunj
Dhangadhi
F-4
Fig. 2-2 Fruits imported from India in 99/00 (Total value Rs. 92 million)
Kakarbitta6%
Biratnagar8%
Birgunj19%
Nepalgunj7%
Dhangadhi3%
Bairhawa57%
Kakarbitta
Biratnagar
Birgunj
Bairhawa
Nepalgunj
Dhangadhi
F-5
Fig. 2-3 Cauliflower, local Wholesale Price by Market
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
May
-98
Jul-9
8
Sep-9
8
Nov-9
8
Jan-
99
Mar
-99
May
-99
Jul-9
9
Sep-9
9
Nov-9
9
Jan-
00
Mar
-00
May
-00
Year and Month
Pric
e (R
s/kg
)
BirtamodBiratnagarHetaudaNarayanKalimatiButwalPokharaNepalgunjMahendra
F-6
Fig. 2-4 Onion, local-Wholesale Price by Market
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
May
-98
Jul-9
8
Sep-
98
Nov
-98
Jan-
99
Mar
-99
May
-99
Jul-9
9
Sep-
99
Nov
-99
Jan-
00
Mar
-00
May
-00
Year and Month
Pri
ce (
Rs/
kg
)
BirtamodBiratnagarHetaudaNarayanKalimatiButwalPokharaNepalgunjMahendra
F-7
Source : Livestock M/P
Figure 2-5 Relationship between Livestock and Agriculture
Crops
Grazing Land
Livestock
Farm Households
Cropped Fields
Forest
Feed &Breeding
FuelBuilding
Materials &Food
UncollectedManure& Urine
Feed
Milk, Meat &Fuel
Manure, Draft Power
Feed
Compost
F-8
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1985/86 1987/88 1989/90 1991/92 1993/94 1995/96 1997/98
Inde
x (1
984/
85=1
00)
Food Grains Cash Crops Other Crops Livestock Fishery Forestry Overall Index
Figure 2-6 Production Index by Sector, 1984/85 to 1998/99
F-9
0
50
100
150
200
250
1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99
Year
Inde
x
Overall Livestock Milk Buffalo meat Goat meat Pork Poultry meat Eggs
Figure 2-7 Production Index of Animal Products, 1984/85 to 1998/99
F-10
Livestock Population
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
20,000,000
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
head
/bir
dsCattleBuffaloesSheepGoatsPigsFowl
Duck
Animal Products Production
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1988/89
1989/90
1190/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
(ton
)
MilkBuffalo MeatMuttonGoat MeatPorkChicken MeatDuck meat
Figure 2-8 Livestock Population and Animal Products Production, 1989-1999
F-11
Change in Buffalo Meat Production
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
Eastern Central Western Mid-Western Far-Westen Total
(ton
)
Buffalo Meat 1992/93 Buffalo Meat 1998/99
Change in Goat Meat Production
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
Eastern Central Western Mid-Western Far-Westen Total
(ton
)
Goat Meat 1992/93 Goat Meat 1998/99
Change in Mutton Production
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Eastern Central Western Mid-Western Far-Westen Total
(ton
)
Mutton 1992/93 Mutton 1998/99
Change in Pork Production
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Eastern Central Western Mid-Western
Far-Westen Total
(ton
)
Pork 1992/93 Pork 1998/99
Change in Chicken Meat Production
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Eastern Central Western Mid-Western
Far-Westen Total
(ton
)
Chicken 1992/93 Chicken 1998/99
Change in Egg Production
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000500,000
600,000700,000
800,000
Eastern Central Western Mid-Western
Far-Westen Total
(1,0
00 N
o.)
Eggs(1000 No.) 1992/93 Eggs(1000 No.) 1998/99
Change in Milk Production
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
Eastern Central Western Mid-Western
Far-Westen
Total
(ton
)
Milk (ton) 1992/93 Milk (ton) 1998/99
Change in Total Meat Production
020,00040,00060,00080,000
100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000200,000
Eastern Central Western Mid-Western
Far-Westen Total
(ton
)
Total Meat Production 1992/93 Total Meat Production 1998/99
Figure 2-9 Change in Animal Products Production, 1992/93 to 1998/99
F-12
Buffalo meatMid-Western Western Central Eastern
Mountain
Hills
Terai
Goat meat
Mid-Western Western Central Eastern
Mountain
Hills
Terai
PorkMid-Western Western Central Eastern
Mountain
Hills
Terai
Chicken meatMid-Western Western Central Eastern
Mountain
Hills
Terai
Eggs
Mid-Western Western Central Eastern
Mountain
Hills
Terai
Milk & Milk ProductsMid-Western Western Central Eastern
Mountain
Hills
Terai
Figure 2-10 Distribution Pattern of Livestock among Development Areas
F-13
Figure 2-11 Flow Chart of Livestock Marketing at Jitpur Market
Consumers
Another wholesaleMarkets by Indian traders
Wholesalers atKathmandu
Market
Butchers/Middlemen
WholesaleMarket
NepaleseTraders
IndianMiddlemen
Farmers/Breeders
Live
Live Live Meat
Figure 2-12 Flow Chart of Marketing of Chicken
Poultry Farmers
Feed Manufacturers
Wholesale Traders& Processors
Butchers(retailing)
CateringTrade
Consumers
Source: TLDP
Fig
3-1
F
ishe
ries
Dev
elop
men
t P
oten
tial
Are
a
Mid
-Wes
tern
Far
Wes
tern
We
ste
rn
Ce
ntr
al
Ea
ste
rn
: Dev
elop
men
t Are
a 1
: Dev
elop
men
t Are
a 2
: Dev
elop
men
t Are
a 3
: Dev
elop
men
t Are
a 4
: Dev
elop
men
t Are
a 5
: Dev
elop
men
t Are
a 6
In
di
a
Ti
be
t
Sik
kim
•L
EG
EN
D•
30 K
m15
Km
Bla
nk
F-14
500
100K
m
N
Jum
la
Mus
tang
Pok
hara
But
wal
Bha
iraha
wa
Nep
alga
nj
KAT
HM
AN
DU
Bha
ratp
urH
etau
da
Birg
anj
Jana
kpur
Bira
tnag
ar
Ilam
Dha
ran
Mah
endr
anag
ar
STU
DY
ON
TH
E A
GR
ICU
LT
UR
AL
MA
RK
ET
ING
DE
VE
LO
PM
EN
T P
RO
JEC
TIN
TH
E K
ING
DO
M O
F N
EPA
LJA
PAN
IN
TE
RN
AT
ION
AL
CO
OP
ER
AT
ION
AG
EN
CY
(JI
CA
)
Figure 5-1 Proposed Law and Institution for Agricultural MarketingManagement System
Level Law / Act Institutions
CentralLevel
Steering Committee (short term)
Nepal Agricultural MarketingBoard (NAMB) (long term)
Regulation for the Formulationof Autonomous Market
Management Committee forWholesale Market
Regulation for AutonomousMarket Management
Committee Formulation atCollection Centers
WholesaleMarketLevel
CollectionCenterLevel
Market ManagementCommittee (MMC)
at Wholesale Market
Market ManagementCommittee (MMC)at Collection Center
The ProposedAgriculturalMarketing
Development Act
F-15
Figure 5-2 Proposed Government Organization for Agricultural MarketingManagement System
Level
CentralLevel
WholesaleMarketLevel
CollectionCenterLevel
Government OrganizationalImprovement
Supporting Role
MoACMarketing Development
Directoriate functionsas Secretariat
Autonomous MMC atWholesale Market
Autonomous MMC atCollection Center
NAMB orSteering Committee
MDD provides the service ofAg. Marketing Advisor andutilizes Planning Officer at
DADO/DLSO Office
MDD monitors &supervises andutilizes Chief of
ASC/LSC
F-16
Figure 5-3 Proposed Market Management Committee (MMC) and KeyActors at Various Level
Level
CentralLevel
WholesaleMarketLevel
CollectionCenterLevel
MMC Key Actors
MoAC
Key Actors:1. MoAC – Secretary Chairperson2. MoAC – Joint Secretary Vice-
Chairperson3. DOA – Director General4. DOL – Director General5. DOC – Registrar6. MLD – Local Government7. FNCCI – FNCCI/AEC8. Farmer – Federation of Farmers9. MDD – Member Secretary
MMCat Wholesale Market
Key Actors :1. Traders - Wholesalers2. Traders – Intermediate Wholesalers3. Trader – Cooperatives4. Trader – Traders/Collectors5. Trader - Local Traders6. Trader – DCCI / FNCCI7. L. Govt – Municipality8. C. Govt. – DADO/DLSO9. MDD – Ag. Marketing Expert
Key Actors:1. Producer – Farmers Groups2. Producer – Farmers Cooperatives3. Producer – Women Groups4. Traders – Local Traders5. Traders – Traders / Collectors6. Traders – Wholesalers7. Local Govt. – Concern VDC8. Central Govt. – Concern
DADO/DLSO9. ASC/LSC - Concern ASC Chief
MMCat Collection Center
NAMBor
Steering Committee
F-17
Fig. 5-4 Proposed Agricultural Marketing Management System,Short Term (2005) and Long Term (2015)
Proposed Projects
MoAC
Steering Committee for Development Consensus
ADBN andother formal
banking systemCoordination Committee
among agencies concerned
DADO/DLSO
Local Government
Micro Credit System
Farmers/Women's organization
DOA
MDD LMPD
DOLS
ASC
MMC (WM)
MMC (CC)
Short Term for 2005
TradersOrganization
Long Term for 2015
Proposed Projects
MoAC
ADBN andother formal
banking system
DADO/DLSO
Local Government
Micro Credit System
Farmers/Women's organization
DOA
MDD LMPD
DOLS
ASC
MMC (WM)
MMC (CC)Traders
Organization
Marketing DevelopmentCommittee
(MDC)
Nepal Agricultural Marketing Board (NAMB)
F-18
Fig. 5-5 Agricultural Marketing System without the proposed IntegratedMarketing System project in the Central and Eastern Region
Individual Production and Marketing
- Majority -
Production Pocket (PP) :Farmers/Women
Retail Market
Ordinary Consumers Institutional Consumers
Import(Incomplete
System)
Collection Points (CP) at PP
- Majority -
Organized Production and Marketing
- Very Limited -
Collection Points (CP)at the Production Areas
- Very Limited -
Kathmandu :
• Kalimati market (UNCDF/FAO) :mainly for vegetables
• Harsha market : Furuits market
• Tukucha market
• Other mixed markets of wholesale and retail
Biratnagar :
• Gudri market (wholesale and retail)
• Fruits markets (in Jana Path)
Wholesale markets (no integration)
Export(Incomplete
System)
< Without Project >
F-19
Fig. 5-6 Agricultural Marketing System with the proposed IntegratedMarketing System project in the Central and Eastern Region
Production Pocket (PP) :Farmers/Women
Retail Market
Ordinary Consumers Institutional Consumers
Collection Points (CP) at PP
- Majority -
Collection Points (CP)at the Production Areas
- Majority -
Kathmandu : (Integration of wholesale function of vegetables and fruitsin Kathmandu Metrpolitan Area)Repacking to the Kalimati market and the other wholesaleand retail markets
Biratnagar : (Integration of wholesale function of vegetables and fruits inBiratnagar)Transferred the wholesale function from Gudri market andexisting fruits markets
New Wholesale Markets
Export(ImprovedSystem)
< With Project >
Individual Production and Marketing
- Reduced -
Organized Production and Marketing(Agr. Coop., Farmers org. and NGO)
- Majority -
Import(ImprovedSystem)
F-20
F-21
Fig. 9-1 Incoming Volume to Kalimati Market, 1990/91 to 1999/2000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00
Vol
ume
(ton
s)
_T
ukucha Market O
pen
_A
nam N
agar Market O
pen
F-22
Fig. 9-2 Vegetables Arrival in Kalimati Market (Sep/Oct 2000) Total Volume 9,378 tons
Potato (W)11%
Onion (D)8%
Ginger8%
Christophine7%
Cabbage6%
Egg plant6%
Tomato (B)5%
Tomato(S) 4%
Potato (R)16%
French B5%
Bit Gourd3%
Cucumber3%
Squash3%
Radish (W)3%
S Gourd3%
Okura3%
Chilli green3%
Pear0%
Apple1% Banana
0%
Papaya1%
Guuava0%
Pine apple0% Lemon
0%
Potato (R)
Potato (W)
Onion (D)
Ginger
Christophine
Cabbage
Egg plant
Tomato (B)
Tomato(S)
French B
Squash
S Gourd
Radish (W)
Okura
Cucumber
Chilli green
Bit Gourd
Apple
Banana
Papaya
Pine apple
Pear
Guuava
Lemon
Study on the Agricultural MarketingDevelopment Project
in the Kingdom of NepalFig. 9-3 Marketing Territory of Kalimati Market
N
AIRPORT
To Khumal tar
To Bhaktapur
To Thankot
●
●
Kal imati Wholesale Market
Harsa Frit Market
Scale 1 : 100,000
：Ring Road
：Pavement Road：River
Legend
● ：Wholesale / Retail Market
●●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Bagmati River
Ring Roa
d
Study on the Agricultural MarketingDevelopment Project
in the Kingdom of NepalFig. 9-4 Marketing Territory of Tukucha Market
N
AIRPORT
To Khumal tar
To Bhaktapur
To Thankot
●Harsa Frit Market
Scale 1 : 100,000
：Ring Road
：Pavement Road：River
Legend
● ：Wholesale / Retail Market
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●●●●●
Bagmati River
Ring Roa
d
F-25
Fig. 9-5 Incoming Volume of Fruit to Harsha Market by Month
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Jan-
98
Apr-9
8Ju
l-98
Oct-98
Jan-
99
Apr-9
9Ju
l-99
Oct-99
Jan-
00
Apr-0
0Ju
l-00
Oct-00
Vol
ume
(ton
s)
VolumeBananaOrange
Study on the Agricultural MarketingDevelopment Project
in the Kingdom of NepalFig. 9-6 Marketing Territory of Harsha Fruits Market
N
AIRPORT
Bagmati River
To Khumal tar
Ring Roa
d
To Bhaktapur
To Thankot
●Harsa Frit Market
Scale 1 : 100,000
：Ring Road
：Pavement Road：River
Legend
● ：Wholesale / Retail Market
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
Kal imati Wholesale Market
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●●●
●●●
●
●●
●
● ●
Study on the Agricultural MarketingDevelopment Project
in the Kingdom of Nepal
Fig. 9-7 Location Map of Proposed Sites for NWM in Kathmandu
AIRPORT
⑤
③②
④
①⑥
Bagmati River
To Khumaltar
Ring Road
To Bhaktapur
To Thankot
●
●
Kalimati Wholesale Market
Harsa Frit Market
Legend
①～⑥：Proposed Site
050
m10
mN
Adm
inis
trat
ion
＆T
rain
ing
Cen
ter
Pilo
t P
roje
ct（
Mod
ern
izat
ion
）
Elec
tric
Subs
tatio
n
Gua
rd
Ｂｏ
ｘ
Ele.
Ｗ .
Tow
er
Ｗ. R
ese
rv．
Gar
bage
C
olle
ctio
nG
arba
ge
Col
lect
ion
Gar
bage
C
olle
ctio
n
Ma
rket
H
all－
１
Ma
rket
H
all－
１
Ma
rket
H
all－
２（
Frui
ts）
（V
ege
tab
le）
（V
ege
tab
le）
Wat
er
Tre
atm
ent
Pla
nt
Acc
ess
Road
Ma
in
Entr
y
Toi
let
Toi
let
Park
ing
sfo
rSt
aff
Can
teen
Stu
dy o
n th
e A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
in th
e K
ingd
om o
f Nep
alS
cale
1 :
1500
Fig
. 9-8
L
ayo
ut
Pla
n o
f N
WM
in
Sit
e A
, K
ath
man
du
Adm
i．Bl
dg＆
Tra
inin
g C
ente
rPi
lot
Pro
ject
（m
oder
niz
atio
n）
Gat
e
Ho
use
Ma
in
Entr
ance
Ma
rket
Hal
l－
１（
Veg
eta
ble
s）
Ma
rket
H
all－
２（
Frui
tes）
Tru
ck
Loa
din
g ＆
U
nlo
adin
g
Elev
ated
W
ater
To
we
r
Wat
er
Rese
rvoi
r
Elec
tric
alSu
bsta
tion
Toi
let
Toi
let
Wat
er
Tre
atm
ent
Pla
nt
Tru
ck
Loa
din
g ＆
U
nlo
adin
g
Can
teen
050
m10
m
N
Fig
. 9-9
L
ayo
ut
Pla
n o
f N
WM
in
Sit
e B
, K
ath
man
du
Stu
dy o
n th
e A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
in th
e K
ingd
om o
f Nep
alS
cale
1 :
1500
Stu
dy o
n th
e A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
in th
e K
ingd
om o
f Nep
alS
cale
1 :
500
Fig
. 9-1
0
Dra
win
g o
f M
ark
et H
all-
1 A
in N
WM
, Kat
hm
an
du
(P
lan
/ E
leva
tion
/ S
ectio
n)
9,00
09,
000
9,00
09,
000
9,00
09,
000
9,00
09,
000
9,00
0
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
81,0
00
33,000
3,7
50
3,7
50
1,5
00
1,5
00
45,0
00
Se
cond
Flo
or P
lan
5,000
Firs
t Flo
or P
lan
3,000
5,000
5,000
8,000
5,000
1,000
3,950
2,100
500
Ma
rke
t Ha
llM
ark
et H
all
Se
ctio
nE
leva
tion
Who
lesa
ler's
Offi
ceW
.CW
.C(M
)(W
)
Co
rrid
or
Lo
ad
ing
Do
ck
Lo
ad
ing
Do
ck
Lo
ad
ing
Do
ck
Lo
ad
ing
Do
ck
Sta
ll
Se
curi
tyO
ffic
e
3,000
Co
rrid
or
8,000
Who
lesa
ler's
Offi
ceW
hole
sale
r'sO
ffice
Mee
ting
Ro
om
Fig
. 9-1
1
Dra
win
g o
f M
ark
et H
all-
1 B
in N
WM
, Kat
hm
an
du
(P
lan
/ E
leva
tion
/ S
ectio
n)
Stu
dy o
n th
e A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
in th
e K
ingd
om o
f Nep
alS
cale
1 :
500
Offi
ce
Who
lesa
le
Mee
ting
Ro
omO
ffice
Who
lesa
ler's
Offi
ceW
hole
sale
r's
9,00
09,
000
9,00
09,
000
9,00
09,
000
9,00
09,
000
9,00
09,
000
9,00
0
99,0
00
5,000
5,000
5,000
8,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
53,000
Sec
urity
Offi
ce
3,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
1,50
03,75
03,
750
54,4
00
Se
con
d F
loo
r P
lan
1,000
5,000
2,100
500
4,000
Ma
rke
t Ha
llM
ark
et H
all
Ma
rke
t Ha
llM
ark
et H
all
Se
ctio
nE
leva
tion
Fir
st F
loo
r P
lan
W.C
W.C
(M)
(W)
Co
rrid
or
5,000
5,000
Sta
ll
3,000
Co
rrid
or
Ma
in E
ntr
y
Lo
ad
ing
Do
ckL
oa
din
g D
ock
Lo
ad
ing
Do
ckL
oa
din
g D
ock
8,000
.W
hole
sale
r'sO
ffice
Offi
ceW
hole
sale
r's
Fig
. 9-1
2
Dra
win
g o
f M
ark
et H
all-
2 in
NW
M, K
ath
ma
nd
u
(
Pla
n /
Ele
vatio
n /
Sec
tion
)
Stu
dy o
n th
e A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
in th
e K
ingd
om o
f Nep
alS
cale
1 :
500
9,00
09,
000
9,00
09,
000
9,00
09,
000
9,00
0
33,000 7,50
0
7,500
3,75
03,
7503,00
0
7,500
7,500
7,500
7,500
1,50
01,
500
63,0
00
8,000
7,500
7,500
3,000
1,000
5,000
4,000
2,100
500
Mar
ket H
all
Mar
ket H
all
Mar
ket H
all
Ele
vatio
nS
ect
ion
Sec
urit
yO
ffice
Dir
ecto
r'sR
oom
Who
lesa
ler's
Offi
ce
Mee
ting
Ro
omR
ipen
ing
Ro
om
W.C
(M)
W.C
(W)
Co
rrid
or
Se
cond
Flo
or P
lan
Firs
t Flo
or P
lan
36,4
00
Sta
ll
Co
rrid
or
Load
ing
Doc
k
Load
ing
Doc
k
Load
ing
Doc
k
Load
ing
Doc
k
Mai
n En
try
3,000
6,5
00
6,5
00
6,5
00
6,5
00
26,
00
010,000
6,5
00
6,5
00
6,5
00
6,5
00
26,
00
0
10,000
D
3,500
4,500
3,600
2,800
500
Sect
ion
Elev
atio
n
Firs
t Fl
oor
Plan
Tra
inin
g Ce
nte
r
(Lec
ture
Hal
l)
Can
teen
W.C
(M)
W.C
(W)
Rece
ptio
n
Entr
ance
Hal
l
Seco
nd F
loor
Pla
n
Dire
cror
'sRo
om
Staf
fO
ffic
e
Labo
rato
ry/
Wor
ksho
p
Hal
l
Off
ice
Lect
ure
Hal
l
Fig
. 9-1
3
Dra
win
g o
f A
dm
inis
tra
tio
n O
ffic
e a
nd
Tra
inin
g C
en
ter
in
NW
M,
Ka
thm
an
du
(P
lan
/ E
lev
atio
n /
Se
ctio
n)
Stu
dy o
n th
e A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
in th
e K
ingd
om o
f Nep
alS
cale
1 :
300
G.L
.
(Veg
etab
le)
(Fru
its)
5,500
Plat
form
FL=
+2
50
3,333
3,333
3,333
3,500
6,65
02,
400
6,50
0
Cold
Sto
rage
Cold
Sor
age
Sect
ion
Elev
atio
n
Cold
Sto
rage
(Fru
its)
(4.2
ton)
Cold
Stor
age
(veg
etab
le)
(6.0
ton)
Mac
hine
Room
Stor
age
Offic
eEn
tran
ce H
all
Seed
Dem
onst
ratio
n
Flo
orPl
an
Fig
. 9-1
4
Dra
win
g o
f P
ilo
t P
roje
ct
Bu
ildin
g in
NW
M,
Kat
hm
an
du
(P
lan
/ E
leva
tion
/ S
ect
ion
)
Stu
dy o
n th
e A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
in th
e K
ingd
om o
f Nep
alS
cale
1 :
300
Ｎ
Entrance
Temple
Pol ice Office
Toilet
Garvage
Administrative off ice / Tra ining Center
Security Office
Canteen
Wholesale Market Bui lding (Vegetable) 2
Wholesale Market Bui lding (Vegetable) 1
Wholesale MarketBui lding (Frui ts)
Parking
Pr imary School
Garvage
Future Expansion Area
Rangeli Road
0 50m10m
Toilet
Garvage
Study on the Agricultural MarketingDevelopment Project
in the Kingdom of Nepal
Scale 1 : 1000
Fig. 9-16 Layout Plan of NWM in Site 1, Biratnagar
Wat
er
Tre
atm
en
t Pla
nt
Ent
ranc
e
Toi
let
Gar
vag
e
Adm
inis
trativ
e of
fice
/ T
raini
ng C
ente
r
Sec
urity
O
ffice
Par
king
Who
lesa
le M
ark
et B
uild
ing
(V
eget
able
) 2
Who
lesa
le M
ark
et B
uild
ing
(V
eget
able
) 1
Who
lesa
le M
ark
etB
uild
ing
(Fru
its)
Cant
een
Gar
vag
e
Gar
vag
e
Ｎ
Toi
let
Ow
ned
bLi
vest
ock
Dire
ctor
a
050
m10
m
Fig
. 9-1
7
Lay
ou
t P
lan
of
Ne
w W
ho
les
ale
Ma
rke
t in
Sit
e 2,
Bir
atn
ag
ar
Sca
le 1
: 10
00S
tudy
on
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
ketin
gD
evel
opm
ent P
roje
ctin
the
Kin
gdom
of N
epal
1,000
3,200
5,200
4,500
3,500
7,000
3,000
10,000
48,0
00
4,00
04,
000
4,00
04,
000
4,00
04,
000
4,00
04,
000
4,00
04,
000
4,00
04,
000
SE
CT
ION
EL
EV
AT
ION
PL
AN
Fig
. 9-1
8 D
raw
ing
of
Wh
ole
sale
Mar
ket
Bu
ild
ing
fo
r V
eget
able
s in
NW
M, B
irat
nag
ar
(Pla
n / E
leva
tion
/ S
ectio
n)
Stu
dy o
n th
e A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
in th
e K
ingd
om o
f Nep
alS
cale
1 :
300
1,000
3,200
5,200
4,500
3,500
SE
CT
ION
EL
EV
AT
ION
7,000
3,000
10,000
4,00
04,
000
4,00
04,
000
4,00
04,
000
PL
AN
24,0
00
Sta
ll
Pla
tfo
rm
Sta
llS
tall
Sta
llS
tall
Sta
ll
Fig
. 9-1
9 D
raw
ing
of
Wh
ole
sal
e M
arke
t B
uil
din
g f
or
Fru
its
in N
WM
, B
ira
tnag
ar
(P
lan
/ Ele
vatio
n /
Sec
tion)
Stu
dy o
n th
e A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
in th
e K
ingd
om o
f Nep
alS
cale
1 :
300
Adm inistrati ve Off ice
Recept ionTraining Room
3,500
4,000
7,500
SECTION
ELEVATION
1F PLAN
2F PLAN
Director's Room
7,000
7,000
7,000 7,000 7,000
21,000
14,0007,000 7,000 7,000 7,000
7,000
7,000
14,000
28,000
Adm inistrati ve Off iceMeet ing Room
Director's Room
Toil et(M)
Toil et(F)
K itch-enette
Wait ing Room
Voi d
Machine / Mechanical Room
Storag e
Training Center Off ice
Cold S torage
Training Room
Exibis ion / Prom ot ion Room
Ent rance Hal l
Ent rance
Recept ion / Account O ffi ce
Toil et(M)
Toil et(F)
K itch-enette
Storag e
Study on the Agricultural MarketingDevelopment Project
in the Kingdom of Nepal
Fig. 9-20 Drawing of Administrative Office / Training Center in NWM, Biratonagar (Plan / Elevation / Section)
Scale 1 : 300
850
4,700
3,700
Sto
rage
Offi
ce
Kio
sk
Mac
hin
e
Ro
om
Un
loa
ding
/Gra
din
g/P
acki
ng A
rea
Atm
osph
eric
tem
pera
ture
sto
rage
Pre
-Coo
ling
S
tora
ge(1
0to
n)
Pre
-Coo
ling
Sto
rage
(5to
n)
SE
CT
ION
EL
EV
AT
ION
PL
AN
4,0
00
4,0
00
4,0
00
4,0
00
4,0
00
4,0
00
4,0
00
4,0
00
4,0
00
12
,000
16
,000
36
,000
8,000
4,000
12,000
600k
g x
17=
10,2
00kg
640k
g x
16=
10,2
40kg
600k
g x
9=5
,40
0kg
640k
g x
8=5
,12
0kg
Pal
let :
1,10
0mm
x1
,400
mm
Pre
-Coo
ling
Sto
rage
(10
ton)
Pre
-Coo
ling
Sto
rage
(5to
n)
Fig
. 9-2
1 D
raw
ing
of
Co
llec
tio
n C
en
ter
an
d P
alle
t L
ayo
ut
in P
re-c
oo
ling
Sto
rag
e
(Pla
n / E
leva
tion
/ S
ectio
n)
Stu
dy o
n th
e A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
in th
e K
ingd
om o
f Nep
alS
cale
1 :
300
ST
EP
S1.
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EP
AR
AT
ION
2.P
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OM
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n F
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IDE
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HE
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LE
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AT
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ICA
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AC
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AN
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copi
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Of N
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Tables
T-1
Table 2-1: Production of Staple/Cash Crops and Horticultural Crops (1993/94 to 1998/99)
Annual Growth rate (%) Weight (%)CommoditiesArea Volume Yield Area
1993/94Area1998/99
Production1993/94
Production1998/99
Staple and cashcrops
1.0 3.1 2.1 85.0 92.6 78.7 75.2
HorticulturalCrops
2.5 4.5 2.0 15.0 7.4 21.3 24.8
All Crops 1.1 3.5 2.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Source : Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture, 1993/94 and 1998/99 ASD, MoAC
Growth rate (%) : from 1993/94 to 1998/99
Table 2-2 Horticultural Crops Production by Commodities and Area (1998/99)
Commodities Area (ha) Share (%) Volume (mt) Share (%)Potato 118,043 36.1 1,091,218 36.4Spices 23,973 7.3 108,651 3.6Fruits 45,108 13.8 456,013 15.2Vegetables 140,177 42.8 1,342,587 44.8Total 327,301 100.0 2,998,449 100.0Source : Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture, 1998/99 ASD, MoAC
Table 2-3 Number of Production Pocket Areas by Crop (1999-2001)
Commodities Number of Production Pockets Share (%)Cereals 359 27.1Horticulture 593 44.8Fish 51 3.9Livestock 249 18.8Sericulture and Apiculture 72 5.4Total 1,324 100.0
Source : Proposal for Package for the Year 1999-2001, Planning and Manpower Division, DOA
Table 2-4 Number of Production Pockets by Development Region and Commodities (1999-2001)
Number of Production PocketsDevelopment Region Potato Fruits Vegetables Spices TotalEastern Region 15 50 53 13 131Central 15 28 78 3 124Western 33 53 97 14 197Mid-Western 17 27 38 7 89Far-Western 6 21 25 0 52Total 86 179 291 37 593Source : Proposal for Package for the Year 1999-2001, Planning and Manpower Division, DOA
T-2
Table 2-5 Projected Production of Horticulture Crops (2011/12)
Annual Growth Rate (%)1998/99 – 2011/12
Commodities Area(ha)
Production(mt)
Productivity(mt/ha)
Area Production ProductivityPotato 140,500 1,735,000 12.35 1.5 3.9 2.5Spices 30,500 150,000 4.92 2.0 2.7 0.7Fruits 104,000 655,000 6.30 7.2 3.1 -2.8
Vegetables 200,620 2,882,000 14.4 3.0 6.6 3.5Total 475,620 5,422,000 11.40 3.2 5.8 4.0Source : - APP, HMG/N
- Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture, 1993/94 ASD of MoAC- Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture, 1998/99 ASD of MoAC- Annual Report 1999/2000, VDD, DOA- Projection of Potato Production and DES in Nepal, CIP/FAO- Projected Fruits Production, authorized 9th Plan, tentative 10th and 11th Plan by FDD, DOA- Projected Vegetables Production, authorized 9th Plan, tentative 10th and 11th Plan, VDD,
DOA- JICA Study Team, July, 2000
Table 2-6 Horticulture Production by Region and Commodities (1998/99)Unit: Tons
Region Ecology Potato Vegetable Fruit Spice TotalMountain 66,291 17,304 12,198 5,117 100,910Hill 174,822 84,426 49,484 16,022 324,754
East
Terai 143,916 235,581 51,716 8,487 439,700Sub-total 385,029 337,311 113,398 29,626 865,364Mountain 69,757 28,829 11,765 642 110,993Hill 207,525 201,265 61,080 4,942 474,812
Central
Terai 133,280 377,204 76,742 7,434 594,660Sub-total 410,562 607,298 149,587 13,018 1,180,465Mountain 8,200 2,718 4,445 64 15,427Hill 78,306 119,091 66,276 24,316 287,989
West
Terai 45,457 80,616 30,586 14,886 171,545Sub-total 131,963 202,425 101,397 39,266 475,051Mountain 21,846 4,883 11,209 112 38,050Hill 42,903 49,494 29,730 15,758 137,885
Mid-West
Terai 53,365 94,032 17,339 5,208 169,944Sub-total 118,114 148,409 58,278 21,078 345,879Mountain 10,865 8,610 6,438 350 26,263Hill 17,340 15,621 16,583 2,671 52,215
Far-West
Terai 17,345 22,893 10,332 2,642 53,212Sub-total 45,550 47,124 33,353 5,663 131,690
Nation Total 1,091,218 1,342,567 456,013 108,651 2,998,449Remarks: The above figure does not contain the volume retained as seed, also not include post harvest
losses.Source: Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 1998/1999, HMG Ministry of Agriculture
T-3
Table 2-7 Domestic Availability of Potato and Spices (1998/99)Unit: tons
Eco zone Potato Seed Consum. Spice Seed Consum.Mount. 66,291 14,231 5,117 986Hill 174,822 30,401 16,022 4,458Terai 143,916 23,978 8,487 4,771
East
Sub 385,029 68,610 316,419 29,626 10,221 19,405Mount 69,757 11,746 642 192Hill 207,525 29,021 4,942 1,988Terai 133,280 18,850 7,434 1,371
Central
Sub 410,562 59,617 350,945 13,018 3,551 9,467Mount 8,200 1,767 64 0Hill 78,306 15,835 24,316 8,971Terai 45,457 7,487 14,886 4,584
West
Sub 131,963 25,089 106,874 39,266 13,555 25,751Mount 21,846 5,137 112 22Hill 42,903 7,916 15,758 4,432Terai 53,365 6,984 5,208 1,626
Wid-W
Sub 118,114 20,037 98,077 21,078 6,080 14,998Mount 10,865 2,411 350 147Hill 17,340 3,549 2,671 1,057Terai 17,345 3,240 2,642 1,256
Far-W
Sub 45,550 9,200 30,761 5,663 2,460 3,203Nation Total 1,091,218 182,553 908,665 108,651 35,867 72,784
Source: Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 1998/99, HMG Ministry of Agriculture
Table 2-8 Per Capita Consumption of Horticulture Product (1998 and 2000)
Unit: kg/person/year
Region Potato Vegetables Fruits SpicesEast 57.0 62.1 21.2 3.0Central 48.8 79.6 19.9 2.3West 30.0 50.6 24.5 4.9M. West 37.0 50.4 21.3 3.1F. West 19.0 23.9 16.6 1.5Nationwide 42.7 60.6 22.8 3.3
Source: JICA Study Team Aug. 2000
Region Potato Vegetables Fruits SpicesNationwide 32.7 57.7 16.6 1.7
Source: FAO Food Balance 1998
T-4
Table 2.9 Per Capita Consumption of Horticulture Product at Major Urban Area (2000)
Unit: kg/person/year
Potato Vegetables Fruits SpicesBiratnagar 25.0 105.0 40.0 7.2Birgunj 27.5 110.0 35.0 6.3Kathmandu 27.5 112.0 25.4 13.4Pokhara 27.0 93.0 23.0 6.4Butwal 34.7 52.0 17.5 5.3Nepalgunj 32.5 101.0 16.5 5.5Mahendranagar 27.5 60.0 10.5 7.5
Source: JICA Study Team, August 2000.
Table 2.10 Per Capita Consumption of Horticulture Product in Kathmandu Valley by FAOMaster Plan (1999)
Unit: kg/person/year
Potato Vegetable Fruits SpicesKathmandu V. Urban 25.0 48.3 14.0 3.1Kathmandu V. Rural 14.8 49.1 7.5 2.1
Source: Master Plan for Agricultural Marketing in Kathmandu Valley: TCP/NEP/8921
Table 2.11 Per Capita Consumption of Horticulture Products in Urban Nepal (1995-1996)
Unit: kg/person/year
Commodity Per Capita ConsumptionPotato 26.1 Pigeon pea Lentils Onion, dry Tomato
2.74.25.34.7
Total Vegetable 16.9 Chilllies Ginger Turmeric
0.80.70.5
Total Spice 2.0
Source: Report on Household Budget Survey, Urban Nepal (Mid July 1995 - Mid July 1996), Nepal
Rastra Bank
Table 2-12 Per Capita Consumption of Horticultural Products in Kathmandu and Lalitpur(2000)
Commodity Kg/person/YearPotato 35.28Vegetables 86.79Fruits 27.12Spice 7.63
Source: JICA Survey Team, November 2000.
T-5
Table 2-13 Comparison of Per Capita Consumption by Various Sources (1995-2000)
Unit: kg/person/year
Region Potato Vegetables Fruits SpicesEast 57.0 62.1 21.2 3.0Central 48.8 79.6 19.9 2.3West 30.0 50.6 24.5 4.9M. West 37.0 50.4 21.3 3.1F. West 19.0 23.9 16.6 1.5Nation 42.7 60.6 22.8 3.3
Source: JICA Study Team (Calculation) Aug. 2000
Region Potato Vegetables Fruits SpicesBiratnagar 25.0 105.0 40.0 7.2Birgunj 27.5 110.0 35.0 6.3Kathmandu 27.5 112.0 25.4 13.4Pokhara 27.0 93.0 23.0 6.4Butwal 34.7 52.0 17.5 5.3Nepalgunj 32.5 101.0 16.5 5.5Mahendranagar 27.5 60.0 10.5 7.5
Source: JICA (Household survey) Aug. 2000
Region Potato Vegetables Fruits SpicesKathmandu &Lalitpur
35.28 86.79 27.12 7.63
Source: JICA (Household survey) Nov. 2000
Region Potato Vegetables Fruits SpicesNation 32.7 57.7 16.6 1.7
Source: FAO Food Balance 1998
Region Potato Vegetables Fruits SpicesKathmandu ValleyUrban
25.0 48.3 14.0 3.1
Kathmandu ValleyRural
14.8 49.1 7.5 2.1
Source: FAO M/P of Kathmandu Valley. Dec. 1999
Region Potato Vegetables Fruits SpicesUrban Nepal 26.1 16.9* n.a. 2.0
Remarks: * Not all vegetables are includedSource: Nepal Rastra Bank Household Budet Survey, 1995/96
Table 2-14 Import of Horticulture Product from India (1998/99)
Unit:Tons
Potato Onion Vegetable Fruit SpiceImport (A) 22,024 7.940 32,126 13.770 7,274Domestic production (B) 1,091.218 - 1,342,567 456.013 108.651
Share (A/B) 2.02 % 2.98 % 3.02 % 6.69 %
Source: Plant Quarantine Program, Central Office, DOA (July 2000)
T-6
Table 2-15 Export of Horticulture Product to India (1998/99)
Product Exported Q'ty (Tons) Major Check PostVegetable 1,698 Bairhawa, KakarbhittaFruit 518 Bairhawa, Birgunj
Spice 7,959 Kakarbhitta, Nepalgunj
Source: Plant Quarantine Program, Central Office, DOA (July 2000)
Table 2-16 Export of High Value Commodity from Kathmandu Airport (2000)
Date Commodity Weight DestinationAug., 1999 Iceberg Lettuce 506 kg India
Iceberg Lettuce 308 kg IndiaIceberg Lettuce 1,100 kg IndiaVegetable Dye Powder 1,000 kg JapanTissue culture plant 9,180 pieces NetherlandRadish seed 2,000 kg BangladeshRadish seed 2,000 kg Bangladesh
Sep., 1999 Tea 750 kg JapanIceberg Lettuce 506 kg IndiaTissue culture plant 8,160 pieces Netherland
Oct., 1999 Cut flower bulb 46 packs(Truck)
India
Nov., 1999 Iceberg Lettuce 550 kg IndiaTissue culture plant 8,870 pieces Netherland
Dec., 1999 Iceberg Lettuce 605 kg IndiaStrawberry 60 kg IndiaGarlic 50 ton (Truck) IndiaTissue culture plant 9,285 Netherland
Jan., 2000 Tuki flower & Tito Karea 1,350 kg IndiaRaw coffee beans 500 kg Japan
Mar., 2000 Raw coffee beans 447 kg JapanApr., 2000 Iceberg Lettuce 506 kg India
Herb seed 5 kg JapanMay, 2000 Cut flower (Lilium and Gladiolus) 1,500 pices IndiaSource: Plant Quarantine, Kathmandu Airport Office; 5 July, 2000
Air Cargo FreightDestination Fair Limit Airline RemarksTokyo US$3.88/kg TG Document fee
US$2/itemAmsterdam US$2.52/kg TGDelhi,Calcutta Rs 35/kg Min. 1,000kg RADacca US$0.45/kg Upto 2,000kg BG
T-7
Table 2-17 Import/Export Volume at Kakarbitta Check Post (1998/99)
Unit: tons
Import ExportCommodity 98/99 99/ Commodi 98/99 99/Potato 25,28 4,64 Ginger 3,471 821Pumpkin 238 150 Cabbage 1,307 1,20Tomato 1,158 9 Radish 67 -Chili 455 7 Apple 117 -Onion 213 - Orange 86 -Bitter gourd 242 - Cardamo - 262Banana 202 245 Cauliflow 30 -Pineapple 101 121 Lentil - 1,63Source: Data from Kakarbitta Check Post
Table 2-18 Value of Import/Export of Horticultural Product to/from India (1998/99)
Import ExportCommodity Value Commodit ValueFruits 63,500,00 Ginger 131,000,0Vegetables 254,000,0 Dried 36,600Pulses 145,800,0 Cardamom 196,000,0Total 463,300,0 Total 327,036,6
Source: Nepal Overseas Trade Statistics, 1998 - 1999; Trade Promotion Center, Kathmandu
Table 2-19 Value and volume of Exported Horticulture Product to Bangladesh (1998/99)
Q'ty Value FOB priceTomato 4,642 kg 81,768 17.6Onion 900 ton 11,924,75 13.2Lentils 27,433 884,263,9 32.2Orange 14,382 238,891 16.6Apple 7,176 kg 194,510 27.1Radish 16,305 1,680,815 103.1
Source: Nepal Overseas Trade Statistics, 1998-99; Trade Promotion Center, Kathmandu
Table 2-20 Value of Import/Export Horticultural Product to/from India (2000)
Unit: Rs (Million)
Import ExportYear 98/ 99/ Year 98/ 99/Fruits 135. 92.3 Fruits 3.2 11.9Vegetabl 366. 434. Vegetabl 10.9 3.5Spices - - Spices 430. 405.Total 502. 526. Total 444. 420.
Source: Research Div., Nepal Rastra Bank; Issue No. 12 (August 2000)
T-8
Table 2-21 Demand and Supply Balance of Horticultural Product in Nepal (2000)
Unit: 1,000 tonsDemand Supply
Domestic Export Total Domestic Import Total
Potato 931 0 931 909 22 931Vegetable 1,380 2 1,382 1,342 40 1,382
Fruit 505 1 506 456 50 506
Spice 72 8 80 73 7 80
Remarks: Fruit imported volume is estimated as 50,000 tons considering with present conditions atHarsha Fruit Market in Kathmandu.
Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
Table 2-22 Origin and Destination of Potato (2000)
Unit: 1,000 tons
East Central West M. West F. West Sub total Expor TotalEast 294 7 13 2 0 316 0 316Central 0 338 9 4 0 351 0 351West 0 0 107 0 0 107 0 107M. West 0 0 0 98 0 98 0 98F. West 0 0 0 0 37 37 0 37Sub total 294 345 129 104 37 909 0 909Import 5 11 3 2 1 22 - 931Total 299 356 132 106 38 931 0 931Population 5,331,250 7,540,944 4,525,942 2,916,441 2,052,339 22,367,048Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
Table 2-23 Origin and Destination of Vegetables (2000)
Unit: 1,000 tons
East Central West M. West F. West Sub total Export TotalEast 328 6 2 1 0 337 2 335Central 2 577 25 3 0 607 0 607West 0 8 193 2 0 203 0 203M. West 0 0 8 140 0 148 0 148F. West 0 0 0 0 47 47 0 47Sub total 330 591 228 146 47 1,342 2 1,340Import 3 26 3 2 6 40 - 40Total 333 617 231 148 53 1,382 1,380Population 5,331,252 7,540,944 4,525,942 2,916,441 2,052,339 22,357,048Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
T-9
Table 2-24 Origin and Destination of Fruits, (2000)
Unit: 1,000 tons
East Central West M. West F. West Sub total Export TotalEast 112 0 2 0 0 114 1 113Central 0 140 6 4 0 150 0 150West 0 1 100 0 0 101 0 101M. West 0 1 0 57 0 58 0 58F. West 0 0 0 0 33 33 0 33Sub total 112 142 108 61 33 456 1 455Import 6 33 9 1 1 50 - 50Total 118 175 117 62 34 506 1 505Population 5,331,252 7,540,944 4,525,942 2,916,441 2,052,339 22,357,048Remarks: Fruit imported volume is estimated as 50,000 tons.Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
Table 2-25 Selected Collection Centers’ Trading Volume, Products and their Destination
Location Location Trading volume(Tons/year)
Typical product Destination
Surunga Sunsari,East, Terai
220 Tomato(40 farmers)
Factory,Kathmandu
Nawalpur Sarlahi, Central,Terai
2,400 Tomato, Okura, Bittergourd,
Kathmandu,Pokhara
Dhusa Dhading,Central, Hill
8,000 to 9,000 Egg plant, Tomato,Bitter gourd
Kathmandu,Pokhara,Narayangadh
Palung/Taman
Makwanpur,Central, Hill
3,000 Potato, Radish,Cauliflower, Cabbage
Biratnagar,Bairahwa,Kathmandu
Tin Piple/Tamaghat
Kavre, Central,Hill
5,000 Potato, Tomato,Bitter gourd
Kathmandu
YampaPhant
Tanahu, West,Hill
2,000 Cucumber, Tomato,Cabbage
Pokhara,Kathmandu
Source: JICA Study Team, May and July, 2000
T-10
Table 2-26 Selected Wholesale Markets’ Trading Volume, Catchment Area, Operation andFunction (2000)
Market Location Trading Vol.(Ton/year)
Catchment Area Operation Function
Birtamod Jhapa,East, Terai
1,500 East, Hill SeasonalOperation
16 stalls
Biratnagar Morang,East, Terai
30,000 Morang, East,Terai & Hill
Janakapur Dhanusha,Central, Terai
780 Dhanusha 2 times aweek.
50 stalls
Narayangadh Chitwan,Central, Terai
36,000 Central, TeraiEast, Terai
45 stalls
Kalimati Kathmandu,Central, Hill
144,1001)
91,1722)Central, WestTerai & Hill,Kath. Valley,East, Terai
Wholesalers:301Retailers: 71Farmers: 100
Pokhara Kaski,West, Hill
9,000 West, Terai &Hill,Central, Hill
72 stalls34 open shed
Remarks: 1) Figure from Kalimati Market Development Board. Data of 1999/2000. 2) Figure from TCP/NEP/8921, Master Plan in Kathmandu Valley.Source: JICA Study Team, May and July, 2000
Table 2-27 Retail Prices at Major Markets (May – July 2000)
Unit: Rs/kgBiratnagar Narayan. Pokhara Bhairawa Nepalgunj Mahendra.
Potato 7-8 5-6 8-10 8Onion 8 12Tomato 20 6-10 10-13 12 40 48Egg plant 4 16 20Cabbage 4-5 10 20Bitter gourd 14 25 10-24Cucumber 5 6-10 10-12 25 24Okura 14 20 10 16Chili 12 20 12 16 32GingerApple 50-55 80Citrus 40 40Watermelon 6-8 5Time of Survey July 2000 May 2000 May 2000 May 2000 June 2000 June 2000Source: JICA Study Team, May-July 2000
T-11
Table 2-28 Wholesale Price Comparison between Indian markets and Mahendranagar (June-July 2000)
Unit: Rs./kgIndian MarketTime Commodity
Barali125 km
Plivit80 km
Khatima26 km
Mahendranagar
Potato R 4.24 4.50 5.5 7.0Onion 6.93 9.41 9.81 12.5Cabbage - - - 15.5Eggplant R 13.17 11.6 - 16.5Tomato L 18.56 18.24 - 34.0Cauliflower 36.0 38.4 - 32.5Capsicum 28.8 25.5 - 33.5Ginger 56.0 52.0 64.0 57.5Apple 24.8 37.6 - 57.5
June 2000
Mango 16.0 - - 37.5Potato R 3.6 3.6 4.2 7.7Onion 5.6 5.2 5.6 12.5Cabbage 19.2 19.2 21.6 19.5Eggplant R 8.8 9.2 11.2 21.5Tomato L 16.0 16.0 16.0 32.5Cauliflower 25.6 25.6 27.2 35.0Capsicum 25.6 20.0 25.6 41.5Ginger 60.0 60.0 56.0 80.0Apple 44.0 48.0 31.2 35.0
July 2000
Mango 21.6 20.8 22.4 30.0Source: AEC Kathmandu, July 2000
Table 2-29 Buying & Selling Price between Traders at Nepalgunj and Gorahi (July 2000)Unit: Rs./kg
Commodity Wholesaler Wholesaler Retailer OriginPotato 7.5 - 8.0 9 – 10 10 – 16 Makwanpur, IndiaOnion 4 - 4.5 5 – 6 8 India
Cucumber 7 – 8 10 – 12 25 Dhading
Nepalgunj
Tomato 20 – 22 30 40 Salyan, Dang
Potato 7 8 – 10 12 India
Onion 6 8 – 10 10 Dang
Cucumber 6 8 16 Dang
Gorahi
Tomato 28 30 – 32 40 Dang
Source: JICA Study Team, July 2000
Table 2-30 Production Cost and Farmgate Price of Vegetables (2000)Unit: Rs./kg
Crop Production cost Farm gate price Market/CenterTomato 2.50 5 – 8 Pokhara/DhusaCauliflower 2.66 6 – 10 Pokhara/Bardibas
Cabbage 1.34 1.5 Pokhara
Beans 2.82 4 Dhalkebar
Eggplant 1.17 2 Saruattha/Dhusa
Source: Review on the performance of Marketing Extension Activities under SMIP. Paper presented inNational Seminar on Project Completion Workshop, July 2000
T-12
Table 2-31 Incoming Volume to Kalimati Wholesale Market (96/77 – 99/00)
Unit: tons
96/97 97/98 98/99 1) 99/00Total 116,519 120,652 106,382 138,992Potato (R) 13,590 12,777 8,116 11,306
Potato (W) 13,360 10,514 6,722 9,346
Onion 9,570 7,702 6,691 9,176
Eggplant (L) 5,157 5,008 5,111 9,553
Cabbage 6,308 7,060 9,367 8,913
Tomato (S) 4,437 7,219 6,310 4,640
Green chili 4,042 3,409 4,074 6,338
Ginger 8,091 4,151 2,637 5,769
Remarks: 1) Data is for 11 monthsSource: KFVWMDB, June 2000
Table 2-32 Incoming Volume of Fruit to Kalimati Market (96/77 – 99/00)
Unit: tons
96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00Fruit Incoming (A) 4,968 6,357 3,472 5,192Total Incoming (B) 116,519 120,652 106,382 138,992
Share (A/B) 4.3% 5.3% 3.3% 3.7%
Source: KFVWMDB, June 2000
Table 2-33 Trend of Wholesale Prices at Kalimati Market (May/June 1998 – 2000)
Unit: Rs./kg
May/June 1998 May/June 1999 May/June 2000Potato (R) 10.63 9.64 6.10Tomato (S) 14.22 14.00 5.38
Onion 9.22 11.94 8.38
Cabbage 13.55 2.93 6.50
Cauliflower 19.43 15.63 10.73
Eggplant 13.42 6.73 9.79
Cucumber 9.49 14.70 9.70
Lemon 60.34 40.52 39.04
Source: Kalimati Wholesale Market Development Board: July 2000
T-13
Table 2-34 Advantage and Disadvantage of Proposed FAO Master Plan Project
Without Project With ProjectWholesaler Entering inside ring road forbidden from 6
am to 8 pm.Access road congestion.Opportunity loss for vehicle anddeterioration of fresh productNo possibility for trade expansion.
Easy to accessPossibility for trade expansion.No opportunity loss for vehicle.Fruit can be handled in the same market.
Retailer Easy to access.Commodities are limited.
Additional transportation cost.Fruit can be traded in the same market.
Consumer Price decreasing/stableConvenient for access
Retail price become higher due toadditional transport cost from newmarket.More option to purchase vegetable andfruit.
Farmers Cannot bring more products.No space to hold stall.
Can bring more productMotivation arises to increase production.
Source: FAO M/P of Kathmandu Valley. Dec. 1999
Table 2-35 Current Livestock Population (1998/99) (Head/birds)
Cattle Buffaloes Goats Sheep Pigs Poultry7,030,698 3,470,600 6,204,616 855,159 825,132 17,796,826
Source. Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 1998/99, MoAC
Table 2-36 Main Sources of Meat in Nepal, India and Japan (kg/capita/year)
Nepal India JapanMeat 10.00 4.3 39.6 Beef - - 9.6 Buffalo meat 7.2 2.6 - Goat meat/mutton 1.7 0.7 0.4 Pork 0.6 0.4 15.2 Poultry 0.5 0.5 14.1 Other meat 0 0.1 0.3Milk/milk products 39.0 57.7 68.2Eggs 0 0.1 19.9Source. Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 1998/99, MoAC
Food Balance Sheets FAO 1998
T-1
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Tam
angs
, Mag
ars,
Tha
rus
Mos
tly in
the
Eas
tern
Hill
s an
d T
erai
Pig
Age
d m
ale
Mea
tY
es (
for
6 m
onth
s
You
ng f
emal
eSo
cial
ly n
one
for
mea
tA
ged
fem
ale
Soci
ally
non
e fo
r m
eat
Chi
cken
-M
eat
Mos
t of
ethn
ic g
roup
sY
es (
2 m
onth
s fo
rbr
oile
r)
In th
e ca
se o
f im
prov
edva
riet
y, K
athm
andu
Val
ley,
Pok
hara
,C
hitw
an a
nd o
ther
urba
n ar
eas
Ani
mal
Pro
duct
sG
hee,
But
ter,
Che
ese,
Hid
e &
Ski
nsY
es
Sour
ce: J
ICA
Stu
dy T
eam
, Aug
. 200
0
T-15
Table 2-38 Regional Characteristics in the Livestock Sector
Regions CharacteristicsEastern Pig, goat and cattle RegionCentral Poultry RegionWestern Buffalo RegionMid-Western Sheep RegionFar-Western Nothing in particularSource: JICA Study Team, Aug. 2000
Table 2-39 Estimated Demand and Supply of Animal Products (1999) (1,000 ton)
Demand SupplyCommoditie
sConsumption Exports Total Production Imports Total
Buffalomeat
146 3 149 122 27 149
Goat/mutton 38 0 38 36 2 38Pork 14 0 14 14 0 14Chickenmeat
13 0 13 12 1 13
Eggs 19 0 19 19 0 19Milk 1,073 0 1,073 1,073 0 1,073Remarks. Exports and imports are based on the data at Animal Quarantine Check PostsSource: JICA Study Team, Aug. 2000
Table 2-40 Production of Pond Cultured Fish by Development Region (1998/99)unit: mt (%)
Far Western MidWestern
Western Central Eastern Total
Hill/Mountain Area
- 12 (0.1) 98 (0.8) 2 (0.0) 1 (0.0) 113 (0.9)
Terai 282 (2.4) 311 (2.6) 1,445 (12.1) 5,417 (45.3) 4,380 (36.7) 11,835 (99.1)Total 282 (2.4) 323 (2.7) 1,543 (12.9) 5,419 (45.4) 4,381 (36.7) 11,948 (100)Source: Fisheries Development Division
Tab
le 2
-41
Ori
gin
and
Des
tina
tion
of
the
Cul
ture
d F
ish
in N
epal
(19
98)
Uni
t: to
n
Ori
gin
IND
IA(e
xpor
t)T
OT
AL
Hill
/ mou
nt.
Ter
aiH
ill/ m
ount
.T
erai
Hill
/ mou
nt.
Ter
aiH
ill/ m
ount
.T
erai
(KT
M)
Hill
/ mou
nt.
Ter
aiFW
/RH
ill/M
ount
ain
Are
a0
00
00
00
00
00
00
Ter
ai0
282
00
00
00
00
00
282
MW
/RH
ill/M
ount
ain
Are
a0
012
00
00
00
00
012
Ter
ai0
00
311
00
00
00
00
311
W/R
Hill
/Mou
ntai
n A
rea
00
00
750
00
230
00
98T
erai
00
00
01,
445
00
00
00
1,44
5C
/RH
ill/M
ount
ain
Are
a0
00
00
02
00
00
02
Ter
ai0
00
00
040
5,01
736
00
00
5,41
7(K
athm
andu
)0
00
00
00
00
00
00
E/R
Hill
/Mou
ntai
n A
rea
00
00
00
00
01
00
1T
erai
00
00
00
00
160
04,
220
04,
380
IND
IA (
IMPO
RT
)0
00
245
650
7853
20
268
097
2
Des
tinat
ion
E/R
FW/R
MW
/RW
/RC
/R
Sour
ce: J
ICA
Stu
dy T
eam
, Aug
. 200
0
T-17
Table 2-42 Average Fish Retail Price in Different Regions (1999)Unit: Rs/kg
FWestern R MWestern Western R Central R Kathmandu Eastern R AverageMountain/Hill 80.7 126.4 91.5 132.5 81.0 96.0 104.4Terai 90.0 89.9 78.8 76.4 79.6 80.9Indian border** 91.8 82.5 - 72.4 74.2 78.2
Remarks: 1. Indian Market close to Nepal border (each region)2. Kathmandu described separately from Central Region (Mountain/Hill), Central region not
include Kathmandu.3. According to fish traders, fish price rises in winter season following a increase of fish
demands, but there is still no reliable statistics to prove this. It is known that the fish demandincreases in winter season
Source: Agricultural Marketing Information Bulletin, 1999
Table 2-43 Roles, Responsibility and Rights of MMC
S.No. Roles & Responsibilities of MMC FieldObservationYes Not Observed
1 Management and maintenance of physical facilities of themarkets
Yes
2 Management and operation of the market Yes3 Make provision of stalls and stores for agricultural produce
marketingYes
4 Contracting Activities. No5 Make provision of drinking water, electricity, telephone, &
toiletYes
6 Quality control No7 Encourage grading and packaging systems No8 Conflict resolution on trading / marketing of products Yes9 Market information publication on sales amount, price,
transport and market relation informationYes No
10 Fixing service charges and collection. No11 Monitoring & supervision No12 Defining wholesale market by volume and weight Yes No13 Space allocation for various products according to the
products handled.No
14 Rules and Regulation for vehicle management parking andloading and unloading.
No
15 Introducing Auction System. No16 Encourage competitive marketing system No17 Registration of wholesalers No18 Appointment of Market Management and other staff
members with defined salary and facilities.Yes
19 Organize training No20 MMC funds management. Yes21 Information of Market Stocks. No22 Follow up on payments of sales No23 Fixed the opening & closing time of markets No24 Land purchase, building construction, machinery purchase
and renting the physical facilitiesNo
25 Establishment of branch office and its management No26 Contract Appointment of Agriculture marketing specialist as
per need.No
Source: - Field Observation and Interviews, 2000.
T-1
8
Tab
le 3
-1Se
lect
ion
of t
he P
oten
tial
Are
as f
or L
ives
tock
Sec
tor
Key
Fac
tors
Mnt
.H
ills
Ter
aiM
nt.
Hill
sT
erai
Mnt
.H
ills
Ter
aiM
nt.
Hill
sT
erai
Mnt
.H
ills
Ter
aiR
emar
ks1.
Sur
puls
of
Ani
mal
Pro
duct
sM
arke
tabl
e su
rplu
s○
○
a) B
uffa
lo e
mat
abov
e 7.
2 kg
/yea
r○
○○
○○
b)
Goa
t mea
t & m
utto
nab
ove
1.7
kg/y
ear
○○
○○
○○
c)
Por
kab
ove
0.6
kg/y
ear
○○
○○
d)
Chi
cken
mea
tab
ove
0.5
kg/y
ear
○○
○○
○○
○○
e)
Milk
abov
e 39
kg/
year
○○
○
f) E
ggs
abov
e 0.
9 kg
/yea
r○
2. S
hare
in P
rodu
ctio
n２０／１００１２／１００
１６／１００
a)
Buf
falo
mea
t１５／１００
１３／１００
１２／１００
b)
Goa
t mea
t & m
utto
n２５／１００
１２／１０１
１４／１００
c)
Por
k３４／１００１２／１００
１２／１００
d)
Chi
cken
mea
t１０／１００
１４／１００１１／１００
２１／１００
e)
Milk
１３／１００
３１／１００１５／１００
f)
Egg
s１６／１００
２６／１００１５／１００
g)
Woo
l3.
Pro
duct
ion
Pock
ets
Prod
ucin
g ar
eas
１１／５１
１０／５１
１１／５１
a)
Cow
６／４６
８／４６
８／４６
１０／４６
b)
Goa
t１０／１５７１０／１５７
１５／１５７１３／１５７
４３／１５７１８／１５７
１７／１５７
c)
Buf
falo
◎◎
◎○
4. P
opul
atio
n D
ensi
tyC
onsu
min
g ar
eas
○○
○○
5. E
xist
ence
of
DD
C's
milk
pla
nts
Proc
essi
ng○
○○
○6.
Exi
sten
ce o
f L
ives
tock
Mar
kets
Mar
ketin
g○
○○
○○
○○
○7.
Exi
sten
ce o
f Q
uara
ntin
e C
heck
Pos
tsIm
port
ant g
ates
◎○
a)
Liv
e bu
ffal
oes
◎○
b)
Liv
e ca
ttle
○◎
c)
Liv
e go
ats
◎○
d)
Liv
e pi
gs○
◎○
e)
Liv
e ch
icke
n
f) E
ggs
g)
Milk
◎○
○○
8. I
nstit
utio
nsPe
ople
's p
artic
ipat
ion
▲▲
○▲
○◎
▲▲
◎▲
▲◎
▲▲
▲9.
Acc
essi
bilit
y to
Mar
kets
Acc
essi
bilit
y①
Rem
arks
: ②
Eas
tern
Ter
ai: i
mpo
rtan
t zon
e be
caus
e of
exi
sten
ce o
f Q
uara
ntin
e Po
st, b
ig li
vest
ock
mar
ket (
ex.D
amak
) an
d D
DC
milk
pla
nt a
nd c
onsu
min
f ar
ea
③C
entr
al H
ills:
impo
rtan
t zon
e be
caus
e of
big
con
sum
ing
area
and
exi
sten
ce o
f D
DC
milk
pla
nt
④C
entr
al T
erai
: im
port
ant z
one
beca
use
of g
ood
acce
ssib
ity, e
xist
ence
of
quar
antin
e Po
st, b
ig li
vest
ock
mar
ket (
ex. J
itpur
)
⑤W
este
rn T
erai
: im
port
ant z
one
beca
use
of g
ood
acce
ssib
ility
, exi
sten
ce o
f Q
uara
ntin
e Po
st, l
ives
tock
mar
kets
and
DD
C m
ilk p
lant
Mid
-Wes
tern
Ter
ai: i
mpo
rtan
t zon
e be
caus
e of
goo
d ac
cess
ibili
ty, e
xist
ence
of
Qua
rant
ine
Post
, big
live
stoc
k m
arke
ts (
ex. T
hapu
wa)
and
live
stoc
k co
llect
ion
cent
er (
Koh
alpu
r)
Far-
Wes
tern
Reg
ion
Eas
tern
Reg
ion
Cen
tral
Reg
ion
Wes
tern
Reg
ion
Mid
-Wes
tern
Reg
ion
Sour
ce: S
ourc
e: J
ICA
Stu
dy T
eam
, Jul
y 20
00
T-1
9
Tab
le 3
-2F
arm
ers
and
Tra
ders
Org
aniz
atio
n fo
r A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Eas
tern
Cen
tral
Wes
tern
Mid
-Wes
tern
Far-
Wes
tern
Nep
alSN
Gov
ernm
ent S
uppo
rtM
ount
ain
Hill
Ter
aiM
ount
ain
Hill
Ter
aiM
ount
ain
Hill
Ter
aiM
ount
ain
Hill
Ter
aiM
ount
ain
HIl
lT
erai
1V
eget
able
Far
mer
s G
roup
s(N
o)6
4010
743
309
6020
1030
1512
2212
346
2Fr
uit F
arm
ers
Gro
ups
(No)
330
55
155
1040
58
183
108
316
83
Pota
to F
arm
ers
Coo
pera
tives
(N
o)1
54
56
31
54
03
50
53
50
4Fa
rmer
s G
roup
s (T
otal
No.
)45
201
397
6031
257
420
522
7281
221
9350
8512
52,
858
5V
eget
able
Far
mer
sC
oope
rativ
es (
No.
)-
52
-6
3-
32
--
--
--
6Fr
uit F
arm
ers
Ass
ocia
tion
(No)
--
--
2-
13
--
--
--
-
7Po
tato
Far
mer
sC
oope
rativ
es (
No)
-2
22
21
-2
2-
-3
--
117
8Fi
sh F
arm
ers
Gro
ups
(No)
00
370
073
02
320
528
00
918
69
Fish
Far
mer
s A
ssoc
iatio
n(N
o)-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
2
10T
rade
rs A
ssoc
iatio
ns (
No)
-4
5-
127
29
2-
13
--
247
11Fa
rmer
sA
ssoc
iatio
ns/C
oope
rativ
es
Sour
ce: J
ICA
Stu
dy T
eam
, 200
0
T-2
0
Tab
le 3
-3
Mar
ket
Man
agem
ent
: M
arke
t M
anag
emen
t C
omm
itte
e (M
MC
) an
d P
arti
cipa
tion
of
Use
rs (
Far
mer
s, T
rade
rs, L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent
and
MoA
C L
ocal
Off
icer
s)E
aste
rnC
entr
alW
este
rnM
id-W
este
rnFa
r-W
este
rnN
epal
SNG
over
nmen
t Sup
port
Mou
ntai
nH
illT
erai
Mou
nta
inH
illT
erai
Mou
ntai
nH
illT
erai
Mou
ntai
nH
illT
erai
Mou
ntai
nH
Ill
Ter
ai
1W
hole
sale
Mar
ket
Bir
tam
odN
aray
anga
dhPo
khar
aK
ohal
pur
&L
amah
i2
MM
C P
artic
ipat
ions
of
Use
rs in
Who
lesa
leM
arke
t
--
* (1
MM
C)
Tra
der
Farm
er C
oop.
Mun
icip
ality
(1 M
MC
)T
rade
rA
ssoc
iatio
nM
unic
ipal
ityFa
rmer
s9I
ndiv
idua
l)
(1 M
MC
)T
rade
rsA
ssoc
iatio
nM
unic
ipal
ityFa
rmer
sG
roup
s
* *
3C
hair
pers
on o
f M
MC
Tra
der
Tra
der
Tra
der
4C
olle
ctio
n C
ente
rB
asan
tapu
rK
atah
ari
Jiri
Cha
rik
ot
Sind
hulim
adi
Dha
lkeb
arB
ardi
bas
Naw
alpu
rL
aban
diSa
ruha
tha
Kap
urk
ot
5M
MC
and
Par
ticip
atio
nof
use
rs in
Col
lect
ion
Cen
ter
(2 M
MC
)Fa
rmer
sC
oop
Tra
ders
VD
C
(2 MM
C)
Farm
ers G
roup
sT
rade
rsV
DC
(1 M
MC
)M
unic
ipal
ityT
rade
rsFa
rmer
sG
roup
s
(5 M
MC
)T
rade
rs V
DC
Farm
ers
(Ind
ivid
ual)
(1 MM
C )
Farm
ers
Gro
ups
Tra
der
VD
C
6C
hair
pers
on o
f M
MC
Farm
erFa
rmer
Tra
der
Tra
der
Tra
der
Farm
er*
7 C
o-op
erat
ive
Man
aged
Col
lect
ion
Cen
ters
Dhu
saH
andi
khol
aT
inpi
ple
Tam
agha
t8
MM
C a
nd P
artic
ipat
ion
of u
sers
in c
oope
rativ
esM
anag
ed C
olle
ctio
nC
ente
rs
(4 M
MC
)Fa
rmer
sC
oope
rativ
eT
rade
rs V
DC
9C
hair
pers
on o
f M
MC
Farm
er10
Who
lesa
le M
arke
tK
alim
ati
11M
MC
and
Par
ticip
atio
nof
Use
rs in
Kal
imat
iW
hole
sale
Mar
ket
(1 M
MC
)T
rade
rM
unic
ipal
ityFa
rmer
sC
oope
rativ
e12
Cha
irpe
rson
of
MM
CT
rade
r
Sour
ce: J
ICA
Stu
dy T
eam
, 200
0
T-21
Table 5-1 Number of Horticultural Production Pockets, Area and Production in Eastern andCentral Region (1998/99)
No. of Production Production (1998/99)Pockets Area (ha) Share (%) Volume (MT) Share (%)
E. Hills 81 33,932 11.2 308,732 10.7E. Terai 18 46,174 15.2 431,213 14.8C. Hills 47 43,145 14.2 469,870 16.3C. Terai 35 57,674 19.0 587,226 20.3Total 181 180,925 59.6 1,797,041 62.1Source : Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture, 1998/99 ASD, MoAC
Table 5-2 Major Factors to support Horticultural Production in Eastern and Central Region(1998/99)
Irrigated Area(1998/99)
Sale of Fertilizer(1998/99)
Sale of Vegetable Seed(1998/99)
Area (ha) Share (%) Volume(kg)
Share (%) Volume(kg)
Share (%)
E. Hills 21,502 2.4 13,778 0.7 193 1.2E. Terai 263,639 29.7 304,942 16.0 5,583 34.4C. Hills 34,495 3.9 185,205 9.7 6,310 38.7C. Terai 197,084 22.2 502,142 26.4 581 3.6Total 516,720 58.2 1,006,067 52.8 12,667 77.9Source : Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture, 1998/99 ASD, MoAC
T-22
Table 9-1 Future Demand and Supply Balance of Horticultural Product in Nepal (2005 – 2015)
Unit:1,000 tonsDemand Supply
Domestic Export Total Domestic Import TotalYear 2005Potato 1,068 0 1,068 1,043 25 1,068Vegetable 1,584 2 1,586 1,540 46 1,586Fruit 538 1 539 523 16 539Spice 82 10 92 84 8 92Year 2010Potato 1,191 0 1,191 1,163 28 1,191Vegetable 1,765 3 1,768 1,717 51 1,768Fruit 600 1 601 583 18 601Spice 91 11 102 93 9 102Year 2015Potato 1,315 0 1,315 1,284 31 1,315Vegetable 1,948 3 1,951 1,895 56 1,951Fruit 663 1 664 644 20 664Spice 101 12 113 103 10 113Remarks: Fruit imported volume is estimated as 50,000 tons considering with present conditions at
Harsha Fruit Market in Kathmandu.Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
Table 9-2 Origin and Destination Projection of Potato (2005 – 2015)Unit:1,000 tons
East Central West M. West F. West Sub total Export TotalYear 2005East 336 8 15 3 0 362 0 362Central 0 389 10 4 0 403 0 403West 0 0 123 0 0 123 0 123M. West 0 0 0 112 0 112 0 112F. West 0 0 0 0 43 43 0 43Sub total 336 397 148 119 43 1,043 0 1,043Import 6 13 3 2 1 25 - 25Total 342 410 151 121 44 1,068 0 1,068Population 6,089,794 8,686,290 5,177,334 3,348,098 2,370,296 25,671,813Year 2010East 373 10 18 3 0 404 0 404Central 0 435 10 4 0 449 0 449West 0 0 137 0 0 137 0 137M. West 0 0 0 125 0 125 0 125F. West 0 0 0 0 48 48 0 48Sub total 373 445 165 132 48 1,163 0 1,163Import 7 14 4 2 1 28 - 28Total 380 459 169 134 49 1,191 1,191 1,191Population 6,767,267 9,708,534 5,757,027 3,732,762 2,652,779 28,618,369Year 2015East 411 11 20 3 0 445 0 445Central 0 481 11 4 0 496 0 496West 0 0 151 0 0 151 0 151M. West 0 0 0 138 0 138 0 138F. West 0 0 0 0 53 53 0 53Sub total 411 492 182 145 53 1,283 0 1,283ImportTotal
8419
15507
4186
2147
154
301,313
-0
301,313
Population 7,455,575 10,731,294 6,344,782 4,120,030 2,934,200 31,585,880Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
T-23
Table 9-3 Origin and Destination Projection of Vegetable (2005 – 2015)
Unit:1,000 tonsEast Central West M. West F. West Sub total Export Total
Year 2005East 375 7 2 1 0 385 2 383Central 2 665 29 4 0 700 0 700West 0 9 221 2 0 232 0 232M. West 0 0 9 161 0 170 0 170F. West 0 0 0 0 54 54 0 54Sub total 377 681 261 168 54 1,541 2 1,539Import 3 29 3 2 9 46 - 46Total 380 710 264 170 63 1,587 1,585Population 6,089,794 8,686,290 5,177,334 3,348,098 2,370,296Year 2010East 416 8 3 1 0 428 3 425Central 3 743 32 4 0 782 0 782West 0 10 245 3 0 258 0 258M. West 0 0 10 179 0 189 0 189F. West 0 0 0 0 60 60 0 60Sub total 419 761 290 187 60 1,717 3 1,714Import 4 33 3 2 9 51 - 51Total 423 794 293 189 69 1,768 3 1,765Population 6,767,267 9,708,534 5,757,027 3,732,762 2,652,779Year 2015East 458 9 3 1 0 471 3 468Central 3 821 35 4 0 863 0 863West 0 11 270 3 0 284 0 284M. West 0 0 11 198 0 209 0 209F. West 0 0 0 0 66 66 0 66Sub total 461 841 319 206 66 1,893 0 1,893Import 4 36 3 2 10 55 - 55Total 465 877 322 208 76 1,948 3 1,945Population 7,455,575 10,731,294 6,344,782 4,120,030 2,934,200 31,585,880Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
T-24
Table 9-4 Origin and Destination Projection of Fruit (2005 – 2015)Unit:1,000 tons
East Central West M. West F. West Sub total Export TotalYear 2005East 128 0 2 0 0 130 1 129Central 0 161 7 5 0 173 0 173West 0 1 114 0 0 115 0 115M. West 0 1 0 66 0 67 0 67F. West 0 0 0 0 38 38 0 38Sub total 128 163 123 71 38 523 1 122Import 1 9 4 1 1 16 - 16Total 129 172 127 72 39 539 1 538Population 6,089,794 8,686,290 5,177,334 3,348,098 2,370,296 25,671,813Year 2010East 142 0 2 0 0 144 1 143Central 0 180 8 6 0 194 0 194West 0 1 126 0 0 127 0 127M. West 0 1 0 74 0 75 0 75F. West 0 0 0 0 43 43 0 43Sub total 142 182 136 80 43 583 1 582Import 1 10 5 1 1 18 - 18Total 143 192 141 81 44 601 1 600Population 6,767,267 9,708,534 5,757,027 3,732,762 2,652,779Year 2015East 156 0 2 0 0 158 1 157Central 0 199 9 7 0 215 0 215West 0 1 139 0 0 140 0 140M. West 0 1 0 82 0 83 0 83F. West 0 0 0 0 48 48 0 48Sub total 156 201 150 89 48 644 1 643Import 1 11 6 1 1 20 - 20Total 157 212 156 90 49 664 1 663Population 7,455,575 10,731,294 6,344,782 4,120,030 2,934,200 31,585,880Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
Table 9-5 Numbers of Truck and Weight of Cargo coming into Kalimati Wholesale Market(Nov 7 – 13, 2000)
Nov. 7 Nov.8 Nov. 9 Nov. 10 Nov. 11 Nov. 12 Nov. 13 TotalTruck 57 64 65 56 58 67 64 431Cargo(tons)
189.2 224.7 226.8 199.6 196 210.7 246.5 1,493.5
Source: JICA Study Team: November, 2000
Table 9-6 Incoming Volume except Large Trucks during Daytime coming into KalimatiWholesale Market (Nov 7 – 13, 2000)Smalltruck
Van/Pick-up Tempo Cycle Porter Others
7 - 9 1 7 1 30 35 99 - 11 0 4 4 27 15 011 - 13 0 4 4 4 7 013 - 15 1 4 1 1 7 415 - 17 0 1 2 3 9 117 - 19 0 3 0 0 5 0Total 2 23 12 65 78 14
Incomingvolume (kg)
@2,500kg5,000
@1,000kg23,000
@200kg2,400
@50kg3,250
@40kg3,120
@5kg70
Source: JICA Study Team: November, 2000
T-25
Table 9-7 Origin of trucks coming to Kalimati Market (Nov 7 – 13, 2000)Total Kathman Kavre Dhading Makwan Nuwakot India
Nov. 7 57 10 10 12 10 4 1Nov. 8 64 10 10 15 9 3 3Nov. 9 65 10 15 10 10 2 2Nov. 10 56 3 13 8 11 1 3Nov. 11 58 8 10 12 10 3 3Nov. 12 67 10 8 10 13 5 3Nov. 13 64 4 9 9 12 9 11Total 431
(100%)57
(13.2%)75
(17.4%)76
(17.6%)75
(17.4%)27
(6.3%)26
(6.0%)Source: JICA Study Team: November, 2000
Table 9-8 Destination and Volume of Outgoing Truck from Kalimati Market(Nov 11 – 13, 2000)
Nov. 11 Nov. 12 Nov. 13Number ofOutgoing vehicles
101(36.87 tons)
93(27.94 tons)
84(28.79 tons)
Destination No. 1 Tukucha 43(17.47 tons)
Tukucha 32(9.03 tons)
Tukucha 44(16.39 tons)
No. 2 Anam Nagar 16(6 tons)
Anam Nagar 10(2.4 tons)
Anam Nagar 10(2.55 tons)
No. 3 Lagankhel 16(5.65 tons)
Lagankhel 10(2.7 tons)
Lagankhel 10(3.4 tons)
No. 4 Patan 5 Ason 6 Patan 7 No. 5 Ason 3 Patan, Baneshor 5 Baneshwor 2Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-9 Outgoing Volume from Kalimati Market during Daytime (Nov 7 – 13, 2000)Hour Van/Pick-up Tempo Cycle Porter Others7- 9 16 67 354 289 592
9 - 11 15 57 172 123 38911 - 13 10 27 94 82 29213 - 15 6 22 98 93 34315 - 17 5 16 71 47 49517 - 19 5 4 24 26 744Total 57 193 813 660 2,855
Outgoingvolume (kg)
@1,000kg57,000
@200kg38,600
@50kg40,650
@40kg26,400
@5kg14,275
Source: JICA Study Team, Nov. 2000
Table 9-10 Balance of Incoming/Outgoing in Kalimati Market (Nov 7 – 13, 2000)Hour Incoming Outgoing
Mid-night to Morning 213 tons 30 tonsDaytime 40 tons 214 tonsTotal 253 tons 244 tons Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
T-26
Table 9-11 Willingness of Kalimati Wholesalers to move to the New Wholesale MarketNumber of surveyed Yes No
269 246 (91.4%) 23 (8.6%)Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-12 Numbers of Truck and Weight of Cargo incoming to Tukucha (Nov 7 – 13, 2000)Nov. 7 Nov. 8 Nov. 9 Nov. 10 Nov. 11 Nov. 12 Nov. 13 Total
Truck 46 46 61 34 38 65 65 355Cargo(tons)
47.365 43.84 54 55 52.35 57.115 64.37 374.04
Source: JICA Study Team: November 2000
Table 9-13 Incoming Volume to Tukucha during Daytime (Nov 7 – 13, 2000)Hour Van/Pick-up Tempo Cycle Porter Others7 - 9 0 0 6 21 7
9 - 11 1 1 4 3 411 - 13 0 0 1 0 013 - 15 1 3 0 0 015 - 17 1 4 0 0 017 - 19 0 0 0 0 0Total 3 8 11 24 11
Incomingvolume (kg)
@1,000kg3,000
@200kg1,600
@50kg550
@40kg960
@5kg55
Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-14 Origin of Trucks coming to Tukucha Market (Nov 7 – 13, 2000)Total Kalimati Kathman Bhakatpur Nuwakot Makwan Kavre
Nov. 7 46 20 2 9 3 3 3Nov. 8 46 32 1 7 2 3 1Nov. 9 61 41 4 6 2 4 3Nov. 10 34 16 1 6 4 2 3Nov. 11 38 24 2 2 3 5 1Nov. 12 65 25 1 19 5 3 5Nov. 13 65 42 3 9 3 5 4Total 355 200 14 58 22 25 20Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-15 Destination and Volume of Outgoing Truck from TukuchaMarket (Nov 11 – 13, 2000)
Nov. 11 Nov. 12 Nov. 13Number of OutgoingVehicles
9(0.87 tons)
32(2.925 tons)
27(4.17 tons)
Destination No. 1 Anam Nagar 2(0.29 tons)
Baneshwor 3(0.5 tons)
Maiti devi 3 (0.59 tons)
No. 2 Thamel 2(0.19 tons)
Naxal 3(0.42 tons)
Anam Nagar 2(0.5 tons)
No. 3 Narayanthan(0.13 tons)
Balaju 3(0.36 tons)
Baneshwor 4(0.41 tons)
Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
T-27
Table 9-16 Outgoing Volume from Tukucha Market during Daytime (Nov 7 – 13, 2000)Hour Van/Pick-up Tempo Motorcycle Cycle Porter Others7 - 9 1 40 71 164 73 2019 - 11 0 11 18 85 26 11911 - 13 0 2 3 33 5 2113 - 15 0 5 6 41 20 6215 - 17 0 1 4 20 15 17017 - 19 0 1 3 16 7 295Total 1 60 105 359 146 868Outgoingvolume (kg)
@1,000kg1,000
@200kg12,000
@80kg8,400
@50kg17,950
@40kg5,840
@5kg4,340
Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-17 Balance of Incoming/Outgoing in Tukucha Market (Nov 7 – 13, 2000)Hour Incoming Outgoing
Early morning 53.4 tons 2.7 tonsDaytime 6.2 tons 49.6 tons
Total 59.6 tons 52.3 tonsSource: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-18 Willingness of Tukucha Wholesalers to move to the New Wholesale MarketNumber of surveyed Yes No
126 114 (90.5%) 12 (9.5%)Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-19 Incoming Volume of Fruits to Harsha Market (1998-2000)Unit: tons
Year Banana Orange Apple Mango Grape Pomegra Total1998 20,484 12,300 7,704 6,084 5,268 3,768 67,0801999 21,576 12,912 8,340 6,504 5,676 4,368 72,4682000 17,940 12,652 6,684 6,180 6,120 3,420 63,820
Note: The data of 2000 is January to OctoberSource: Nepal Fruit Wholesalers Association
Table 9-20 Numbers of Truck and Weight of Cargo coming into Tukucha Wholesale Market(Nov 7 – 13, 2000)
Nov. 7 Nov. 8 Nov. 9 Nov. 10 Nov. 11 Nov. 12 Nov. 13 TotalTruck 1 5 3 15 11 6 8 49FromIndia
1 2 2 7 3 4 7 26
Cargo(tons)
10 30.9 28 86.7 71.55 33.7 66.59 297.44
Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
T-28
Table 9-21 Destination and Volume of Outgoing Truck from Harsha Market(Nov 10-12, 2000)
Nov. 10 Nov. 11 Nov. 12Number of OutgoingVehicle
75(29.88 tons)
50(19.84 tons)
76(37.44 tons)
Destination No. 1 Kalimati(5.976 tons)
Chhabel(2.1 tons)
Kalimati(4.75 tons)
No. 2 Chabahil(3.05 tons)
Baneshwor(2 tons)
Bhaktapur(3.1 tons)
No. 3 Maharajgunj(1.9 tons)
Maharajgunj(1.75 tons)
Thamel(2.65 tons)
No. 4 Kavre(1.9 tons)
Tripureshwor(1.75 tons)
Kalanki(2.35 tons)
No. 5 Lagankhel(1.68 tons)
Kalimati(1.685 tons)
Lagankhel(1.35 tons)
Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-22 Outgoing Volume from Harsha Market during Daytime (Nov 7 – 13, 2000)Hour Van/Pick-up Tempo Motorcycle Cycle Porter Others7 - 9 2 30 1 134 68 56
9 - 11 1 22 1 56 32 2611 - 13 2 9 0 11 0 513 - 15 1 10 1 7 4 315 - 17 1 4 1 3 0 117 - 19 0 1 0 0 0 0Total 7 76 4 211 104 91
Outgoingvolume (kg)
@1,000kg7,000
@300kg22,800
@80kg320
@50kg10,550
@40kg4,160
@5kg455
Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-23 Transaction of Traders in Anam Nagar in a dayCommodity Sales Volume (kg) Sales Amount (Rs.)
1 Season vegetable 300 5,0002 Season vegetable 300 6,0003 Veg., Chili, Ginger 500 6,0004 Potato, Onion 300 3,0005 Onion, Peas 120 -6 Ginger, Chili, Garlic 80 3,0007 Leaf vegetable 150 2508 Leaf vegetable 30 3009 Tomato 100 3,00010 Radish 1,500 -
Average 338 3,320Source: JICA Study Team: November 2000
T-29
Table 9-24 Existing Marketing Situation in Kathmandu (2000)Market Number of
wholesalerCommodity sold Trade volume per day Transaction
CharacteristicsKalimati 300 Potato, Onion,
Vegetables260 tons
(380 tons)Almost intermediary.Fruits only 3-5%
Tukucha 175 Potato, Onion,Vegetables,Green vegetables
60 tons Farmers from Bhaktapurand Nuwakot bring bythemselves.
Harsha 80 Fruits imported 65 tons, bottom(165 tons, average)
Almost intermediary ordirect contact with Indiantraders
Anam Nagar (150) Green leafyvegetables
50 tons Farmers from Bhaktapur,Nuwakot bring bythemselves.
KrishakBazaar
12 Fruits domestic(Oct. - Mar.)
30 tons Farmers from Kavre,Dhading Makwanpur,
Total Vegetable, 475Fruits, 92
Vegetable, 370 (490) tonsFruits, 80 (180) tons
Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
Table 9-25 Estimation of New Market Capacity for Vegetable (2000 and 2010)Unit: tons
Central Region Kathmandu Valley
Kalimati Market New Market
2000 973,000(100%)
128,000(13%) (100%)
95,000(74%)
2010 1,253,000(100%)
163,000(13%) (100%)
95,000(58%)
68,000
Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
Table 9-26 Estimation of New Market Capacity for Fruit (2000 and 2010)Unit: tons
Central Region KathmanduBottom
Valley Average
New Market
2000 150,000(100%)
29,000(19%)
66,000(44%)
2010 192,000(100%)
37,000(19%)
84,000(44%)
40,000
Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
Table 9-27 Projection of Urban and Rural Population in Kathmandu Valley (2000 - 2010)Unit: Thousand persons
Kathmandu Valley Urban Rural2000 1,450.7 918.8 531.92005 1,666.1 1,085.1 581.02010 1,887.8 1,260.5 627.32015 2,105.6 1,436.5 669.1
Source: Master Plan for Agricultural Marketing in Kahmandu Valley, April 2000, FAOTCP/NEP/8921
T-30
Table 9-28 Estimation of Demand (2010 and 2015)Per capita consumption 2010 2015
Vegetable + Potato 130.7 kg 165,000 tons 188,000 tonsFruit 19.9 kg 25,000 tons 29,000 tonsFruit (1) 27.1 kg 34,000 tons 39,000 tonsNote: Fruit (1) is the result of Household Survey repeated by JICA Team in November 2000
Table 9-29 Numbers of Truck and Volume of Cargo coming into Gudri Market(Nov 21-23, 2000)
Nov. 21 Nov. 22 Nov. 23 TotalTruck 7 12 10 33Volume (tons) 24.77 51.3 62.885 138.955From India (tons) 20 37.4 37.24 94.64Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-30 Incoming Volume except Trucks coming into Gudri Market (Nov 21-23, 2000)Date Hour Rickshaw Handy cart Cycle Hand carry Total
6 - 7 16 2 22 117 - 8 22 2 26 118 - 9 11 4 20 13Total 49 8 68 35
Nov. 22
IncomingVolume(kg)
@200kg9,800
@200kg1,600
@50kg3,400
@20kg700 15,500
6 - 7 4 1 16 57 - 8 15 5 22 98 - 9 26 1 15 18Total 45 7 53 32
Nov. 23
Incomingvolume(kg)
@200kg9,000
@200kg1,400
@50kg2,650
@20kg640 13,690
6 - 7 2 0 16 47 - 8 27 0 21 138 - 9 17 1 3 2Total 46 1 40 19
Nov. 24
Incomingvolume(kg)
@200kg9,200
@200kg200
@50kg2,000
@20kg380 11,780
Source: JICA Study Team: November 2000
T-31
Table 9-31 Outgoing Volume from Gudri Market (Nov 22-24, 2000) Date Hour Rickshaw Handy cart Cycle Hand carry Total
6 - 7 22 0 23 167 - 8 15 1 2 148 - 9 15 0 1 10Total 52 1 26 40
Nov. 22
OutgoingVolume(kg)
@200kg10,400
@200kg200
@50kg1,300
@20kg800 12,700
6 - 7 3 1 0 37 - 8 14 1 1 98 - 9 21 2 4 9Total 38 4 5 21
Nov. 23
Outgoingvolume(kg)
@200kg7,600
@200kg800
@50kg250
@20kg420 9,070
6 - 7 2 0 0 07 - 8 12 0 2 48 - 9 11 5 2 9Total 25 5 4 13
Nov. 24
Outgoingvolume(kg)
@200kg5,000
@200kg1,000
@50kg200
@20kg260 6,460
Source: JICA Study Team: Nov. 2000
Table 9-32 Outgoing Volume from Gudri Market between 9 am to 1 pm (Nov 25-26, 2000)Date Hour Rickshaw Handy cart Cycle Hand carry Total
9 - 10 30 4 2 2010 - 11 15 1 0 211 - 12 25 3 5 512 - 13 2 0 0 0
Nov 25
Total 72 8 7 27Outgoing
volume(kg)@200kg
14,400@200kg
1,600@50kg
350@20kg
540 16,8909 - 10 36 17 11 2710 - 11 21 9 9 1611 - 12 14 4 4 912 - 13 3 1 1 3
Nov. 26
Total 74 28 25 55Outgoing
volume(kg)@200kg
14,800@200kg
5,600@50kg
1,250@20kg
1,100 22,750Source: JICA Study Team: November 2000
Table 9-33 Balance of Incoming/Outgoing in Gudri MarketIncoming Outgoing
50 tons by Truck 30 tons by Man-driven vehicles10 tons by Man-driven vehicles (15 tons from retailers, estimated)
(5 tons by Truck, estimated)Total: 60 tons Total: 50 tonsSource: JICA Study Team: November, 2000
T-32
Table 9-34 Existing Marketing Situation in Biratnagar (2000)Market Number of traders Commodity sold Trade volume per
dayTransactioncharacteristics
Gudri Wholesalers 19 Potato, Onion,Vegetables
60 tons3 ton/trader/day
Intermediary dominatesthan farmers
Retailers 24 Potato, Onion,Vegetables
15 tons0.6 ton/trader/day
Jana Path Wholesalers 6 Apple, Orange,Mango, Grape
2 tons Mostly intermediary
Retailers 3 Apple, Orange,Mango, Grape
0.3 tons
Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
Table 9-35 Estimation of New Biratnagar Market for Vegetable (2000 and 2010) Unit: tons
Eastern Region Biratnagar New Market2000 632,000 24,0002010 803,000 30,500 30,000
Source: JICA Study Team, November 2000
Table 9-36 Estimation of Demand in Biratnagar (2010 and 2015)Per capita consumption 2010 2015
Vegetable + Potato 119.1 kg/year 23,000 tons 25,600 tonsFruit 21.2 kg/year 4,000 tons 4,600 tons
T
able
9-3
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Popu
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4,51
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1,07
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3,96
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Hill
s1,
621,
872
12,3
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717
1,90
7,74
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700
2,31
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16,6
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Ter
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11,6
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3,72
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14,9
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-14,
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4,58
9,36
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33,0
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Reg
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7,68
4,23
943
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55,3
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48,
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49,7
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-12,
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9,70
8,53
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,861
69,9
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2,04
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,731
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67,4
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,265
-9,8
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0,18
93,
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3,81
7-5
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6,12
52,
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4,50
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690,
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2,67
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-2,3
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8,03
32,
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5,45
8-3
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Hill
s3,
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645
24,9
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,391
549
3,79
3,44
729
,380
27,3
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4,24
8,78
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,610
30,5
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4,70
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,771
33,8
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Ter
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766,
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14,7
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-12,
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4,26
6,71
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84,
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20,5
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-13,
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5,27
0,98
324
,281
37,9
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3,67
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Wes
tern
Reg
ion
4,51
2,11
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32,4
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5,17
7,33
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37,2
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5,75
7,02
741
,004
41,4
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476,
344,
782
49,4
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,848
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617
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Hill
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1,88
83,
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9,63
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Reg
ion
2,94
9,32
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7,49
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,166
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681,
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7,34
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7,18
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7,03
314
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5,88
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8,05
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11,0
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1,72
5,60
115
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Far
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Reg
ion
2,13
8,74
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15,3
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24,5
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7,51
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39,0
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,100
19,9
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934,
200
63,7
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,126
42,6
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Mou
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8,53
22,
441
2,72
5-2
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7,10
32,
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3,14
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0,70
33,
184
3,46
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6,30
03,
636
3,78
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53
Hill
s73
7,64
67,
344
5,31
12,
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875,
265
10,1
816,
302
3,87
996
1,21
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6,92
17,
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1,54
819
,569
7,57
111
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Ter
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568
6,21
27,
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11,6
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3,99
71,
210,
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21,7
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718
12,9
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356,
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40,5
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766
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26
Tot
al22
,556
,983
129,
055
162,
410
-33,
355
25,6
71,8
1315
8,26
418
4,83
7-2
6,57
328
,618
,369
198,
263
206,
052
-7,7
8931
,585
,880
254,
837
227,
418
27,4
18
(2)
Goa
t Mea
t/Mut
ton
Per
Cap
ita C
onsu
mpt
ion:
1.7
kg/y
ear
FAO
'98
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Eas
tern
Reg
ion
5,27
2,56
49,
801
37,9
62-2
8,16
16,
089,
794
11,9
1443
,847
-31,
933
6,76
7,26
714
,492
48,7
24-3
4,23
27,
455,
575
17,6
3453
,680
-36,
046
Mou
ntai
n37
9,60
780
32,
733
-1,9
3046
0,87
01,
049
3,31
8-2
,269
504,
517
1,37
13,
633
-2,2
6255
1,07
11,
790
3,96
8-2
,178
Hill
s1,
621,
872
2,93
111
,677
-8,7
461,
907,
744
3,54
113
,736
-10,
195
2,10
8,08
94,
279
15,1
78-1
0,89
92,
315,
142
5,17
116
,669
-11,
498
Ter
ai3,
271,
085
6,06
723
,552
-17,
485
3,72
1,18
07,
324
26,7
92-1
9,46
84,
154,
660
8,84
229
,914
-21,
072
4,58
9,36
210
,673
33,0
43-2
2,37
0
Cen
tral
Reg
ion
7,68
4,23
99,
460
55,3
27-4
5,86
78,
686,
290
10,6
1862
,541
-51,
923
9,70
8,53
412
,145
69,9
01-5
7,75
610
,731
,294
14,1
5477
,265
-63,
111
Mou
ntai
n53
0,18
91,
064
3,81
7-2
,753
626,
125
1,53
04,
508
-2,9
7869
0,87
92,
200
4,97
4-2
,774
758,
033
3,16
35,
458
-2,2
95
Hill
s3,
387,
645
3,25
524
,391
-21,
136
3,79
3,44
73,
061
27,3
13-2
4,25
24,
248,
784
2,87
930
,591
-27,
712
4,70
2,27
72,
708
33,8
56-3
1,14
8
Ter
ai3,
766,
405
5,14
127
,118
-21,
977
4,26
6,71
86,
027
30,7
20-2
4,69
34,
768,
872
7,06
634
,336
-27,
270
5,27
0,98
38,
283
37,9
51-2
9,66
8
Wes
tern
Reg
ion
4,51
2,11
37,
492
32,4
87-2
4,99
55,
177,
334
9,14
237
,277
-28,
135
5,75
7,02
711
,266
41,4
51-3
0,18
56,
344,
782
14,0
8545
,682
-31,
597
Mou
ntai
n19
,848
253
143
110
24,4
6047
317
629
726
,610
884
192
692
28,9
651,
652
209
1,44
3
Hill
s2,
704,
771
5,03
719
,474
-14,
437
3,19
9,10
36,
014
23,0
34-1
7,02
03,
525,
409
7,18
025
,383
-18,
203
3,86
5,19
28,
572
27,8
29-1
9,25
7
Ter
ai1,
787,
494
2,20
212
,870
-10,
668
1,95
3,77
02,
655
14,0
67-1
1,41
22,
205,
009
3,20
215
,876
-12,
674
2,45
0,62
53,
861
17,6
44-1
3,78
3
Mid
-Wes
tern
Reg
ion
2,94
9,32
110
,518
21,2
35-1
0,71
73,
348,
098
11,4
8324
,106
-12,
623
3,73
2,76
212
,670
26,8
76-1
4,20
64,
120,
030
14,1
3229
,664
-15,
532
Mou
ntai
n28
7,00
31,
373
2,06
6-6
9334
0,77
61,
284
2,45
4-1
,170
374,
615
1,20
02,
697
-1,4
9741
0,13
61,
122
2,95
3-1
,831
Hill
s1,
411,
947
4,00
310
,166
-6,1
631,
634,
138
4,92
911
,766
-6,8
371,
806,
559
6,06
913
,007
-6,9
381,
984,
293
7,47
414
,287
-6,8
13
Ter
ai1,
250,
371
5,14
29,
003
-3,8
611,
373,
184
5,27
09,
887
-4,6
171,
551,
589
5,40
111
,171
-5,7
701,
725,
601
5,53
612
,424
-6,8
88
Far
-Wes
ten
Reg
ion
2,13
8,74
74,
190
15,3
99-1
1,20
92,
370,
296
5,39
717
,066
-11,
669
2,65
2,77
97,
220
19,1
00-1
1,88
02,
934,
200
9,87
121
,126
-11,
255
Mou
ntai
n37
8,53
269
82,
725
-2,0
2743
7,10
350
83,
147
-2,6
3948
0,70
337
03,
461
-3,0
9152
6,30
026
93,
789
-3,5
20
Hill
s73
7,64
61,
648
5,31
1-3
,663
875,
265
2,25
76,
302
-4,0
4596
1,21
13,
092
6,92
1-3
,829
1,05
1,54
84,
236
7,57
1-3
,335
Ter
ai1,
022,
568
1,84
47,
362
-5,5
181,
057,
928
2,63
27,
617
-4,9
851,
210,
865
3,75
88,
718
-4,9
601,
356,
352
5,36
69,
766
-4,4
00
Tot
al22
,556
,983
41,4
6116
2,41
0-1
20,9
4925
,671
,813
48,5
5418
4,83
7-1
36,2
8328
,618
,369
57,7
9320
6,05
2-1
48,2
5931
,585
,880
69,8
7622
7,41
8-1
57,5
42
Yea
r 20
00 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
05 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
10 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
15 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
00 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
05 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
10 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
15 (
ton)
T
able
9-3
7 F
orec
ast
of D
eman
d an
d Su
pply
by
Ani
mal
Pro
duct
s (2
of
3)
(3)
Pork
Per
Cap
ita C
onsu
mpt
ion:
0.6
kg/y
ear
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Eas
tern
Reg
ion
5,27
2,56
46,
298
37,9
62-3
1,66
46,
089,
794
7,21
643
,847
-36,
631
6,76
7,26
78,
273
48,7
24-4
0,45
17,
455,
575
9,49
153
,680
-44,
189
Mou
ntai
n37
9,60
71,
006
2,73
3-1
,727
460,
870
1,10
93,
318
-2,2
0950
4,51
71,
223
3,63
3-2
,410
551,
071
1,34
83,
968
-2,6
20
Hill
s1,
621,
872
3,59
911
,677
-8,0
781,
907,
744
4,09
413
,736
-9,6
422,
108,
089
4,65
815
,178
-10,
520
2,31
5,14
25,
299
16,6
69-1
1,37
0
Ter
ai3,
271,
085
1,69
323
,552
-21,
859
3,72
1,18
02,
013
26,7
92-2
4,77
94,
154,
660
2,39
229
,914
-27,
522
4,58
9,36
22,
844
33,0
43-3
0,19
9
Cen
tral
Reg
ion
7,68
4,23
93,
698
55,3
27-5
1,62
98,
686,
290
6,52
262
,541
-56,
019
9,70
8,53
411
,608
69,9
01-5
8,29
310
,731
,294
20,8
0177
,265
-56,
464
Mou
ntai
n53
0,18
918
53,
817
-3,6
3262
6,12
520
54,
508
-4,3
0369
0,87
922
64,
974
-4,7
4875
8,03
325
05,
458
-5,2
08
Hill
s3,
387,
645
2,87
524
,391
-21,
516
3,79
3,44
75,
284
27,3
13-2
2,02
94,
248,
784
9,71
030
,591
-20,
881
4,70
2,27
717
,843
33,8
56-1
6,01
3
Ter
ai3,
766,
405
638
27,1
18-2
6,48
04,
266,
718
1,03
330
,720
-29,
687
4,76
8,87
21,
672
34,3
36-3
2,66
45,
270,
983
2,70
837
,951
-35,
243
Wes
tern
Reg
ion
4,51
2,11
32,
281
32,4
87-3
0,20
65,
177,
334
3,09
837
,277
-34,
179
5,75
7,02
74,
221
41,4
51-3
7,23
06,
344,
782
5,77
445
,682
-39,
908
Mou
ntai
n19
,848
214
3-1
4124
,460
217
6-1
7426
,610
219
2-1
9028
,965
220
9-2
07
Hill
s2,
704,
771
1,82
519
,474
-17,
649
3,19
9,10
32,
408
23,0
34-2
0,62
63,
525,
409
3,17
625
,383
-22,
207
3,86
5,19
24,
190
27,8
29-2
3,63
9
Ter
ai1,
787,
494
454
12,8
70-1
2,41
61,
953,
770
688
14,0
67-1
3,37
92,
205,
009
1,04
315
,876
-14,
833
2,45
0,62
51,
582
17,6
44-1
6,06
2
Mid
-Wes
tern
Reg
ion
2,94
9,32
12,
213
21,2
35-1
9,02
23,
348,
098
2,51
424
,106
-21,
592
3,73
2,76
22,
861
26,8
76-2
4,01
54,
120,
030
3,25
929
,664
-26,
405
Mou
ntai
n28
7,00
330
2,06
6-2
,036
340,
776
232,
454
-2,4
3137
4,61
517
2,69
7-2
,680
410,
136
132,
953
-2,9
40
Hill
s1,
411,
947
938
10,1
66-9
,228
1,63
4,13
81,
085
11,7
66-1
0,68
11,
806,
559
1,25
613
,007
-11,
751
1,98
4,29
31,
453
14,2
87-1
2,83
4
Ter
ai1,
250,
371
1,24
59,
003
-7,7
581,
373,
184
1,40
69,
887
-8,4
811,
551,
589
1,58
811
,171
-9,5
831,
725,
601
1,79
312
,424
-10,
631
Far
-Wes
ten
Reg
ion
2,13
8,74
799
015
,399
-14,
409
2,37
0,29
61,
360
17,0
66-1
5,70
62,
652,
779
1,91
319
,100
-17,
187
2,93
4,20
02,
790
21,1
26-1
8,33
6
Mou
ntai
n37
8,53
237
2,72
5-2
,688
437,
103
903,
147
-3,0
5748
0,70
321
73,
461
-3,2
4452
6,30
052
53,
789
-3,2
64
Hill
s73
7,64
624
5,31
1-5
,287
875,
265
256,
302
-6,2
7796
1,21
126
6,92
1-6
,895
1,05
1,54
827
7,57
1-7
,544
Ter
ai1,
022,
568
929
7,36
2-6
,433
1,05
7,92
81,
245
7,61
7-6
,372
1,21
0,86
51,
670
8,71
8-7
,048
1,35
6,35
22,
238
9,76
6-7
,528
Tot
al22
,556
,983
15,4
8016
2,41
0-1
46,9
3025
,671
,813
20,7
1018
4,83
7-1
64,1
2728
,618
,369
28,8
7620
6,05
2-1
77,1
7631
,585
,880
42,1
1522
7,41
8-1
85,3
03
(4)
Chi
cken
Mea
t
Per
Cap
ita C
onsu
mpt
ion:
0.5
kg/y
ear
FAO
'98
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Eas
tern
Reg
ion
5,27
2,56
42,
717
37,9
62-3
5,24
56,
089,
794
4,35
043
,847
-39,
497
6,76
7,26
77,
664
48,7
24-4
1,06
07,
455,
575
14,3
3253
,680
-39,
348
Mou
ntai
n37
9,60
727
32,
733
-2,4
6046
0,87
027
63,
318
-3,0
4250
4,51
727
83,
633
-3,3
5555
1,07
128
13,
968
-3,6
87
Hill
s1,
621,
872
748
11,6
77-1
0,92
91,
907,
744
690
13,7
36-1
3,04
62,
108,
089
637
15,1
78-1
4,54
12,
315,
142
588
16,6
69-1
6,08
1
Ter
ai3,
271,
085
1,69
623
,552
-21,
856
3,72
1,18
03,
384
26,7
92-2
3,40
84,
154,
660
6,74
929
,914
-23,
165
4,58
9,36
213
,463
33,0
43-1
9,58
0
Cen
tral
Reg
ion
7,68
4,23
96,
884
55,3
27-4
8,44
38,
686,
290
9,60
862
,541
-52,
933
9,70
8,53
413
,763
69,9
01-5
6,13
810
,731
,294
20,2
3877
,265
-57,
027
Mou
ntai
n53
0,18
927
93,
817
-3,5
3862
6,12
525
14,
508
-4,2
5769
0,87
922
64,
974
-4,7
4875
8,03
320
45,
458
-5,2
54
Hill
s3,
387,
645
4,80
624
,391
-19,
585
3,79
3,44
76,
200
27,3
13-2
1,11
34,
248,
784
7,99
930
,591
-22,
592
4,70
2,27
710
,318
33,8
56-2
3,53
8
Ter
ai3,
766,
405
1,79
927
,118
-25,
319
4,26
6,71
83,
157
30,7
20-2
7,56
34,
768,
872
5,53
834
,336
-28,
798
5,27
0,98
39,
716
37,9
51-2
8,23
5
Wes
tern
Reg
ion
4,51
2,11
31,
903
32,4
87-3
0,58
45,
177,
334
2,10
537
,277
-35,
172
5,75
7,02
72,
356
41,4
51-3
9,09
56,
344,
782
2,67
445
,682
-43,
008
Mou
ntai
n19
,848
1114
3-1
3224
,460
1217
6-1
6426
,610
1319
2-1
7928
,965
1420
9-1
95
Hill
s2,
704,
771
1,41
719
,474
-18,
057
3,19
9,10
31,
467
23,0
34-2
1,56
73,
525,
409
1,51
825
,383
-23,
865
3,86
5,19
21,
572
27,8
29-2
6,25
7
Ter
ai1,
787,
494
475
12,8
70-1
2,39
51,
953,
770
626
14,0
67-1
3,44
12,
205,
009
825
15,8
76-1
5,05
12,
450,
625
1,08
817
,644
-16,
556
Mid
-Wes
tern
Reg
ion
2,94
9,32
11,
591
21,2
35-1
9,64
43,
348,
098
2,02
224
,106
-22,
084
3,73
2,76
22,
697
26,8
76-2
4,17
94,
120,
030
3,74
029
,664
-25,
924
Mou
ntai
n28
7,00
364
2,06
6-2
,002
340,
776
612,
454
-2,3
9337
4,61
558
2,69
7-2
,639
410,
136
552,
953
-2,8
98
Hill
s1,
411,
947
591
10,1
66-9
,575
1,63
4,13
855
011
,766
-11,
216
1,80
6,55
951
113
,007
-12,
496
1,98
4,29
347
614
,287
-13,
811
Ter
ai1,
250,
371
936
9,00
3-8
,067
1,37
3,18
41,
411
9,88
7-8
,476
1,55
1,58
92,
128
11,1
71-9
,043
1,72
5,60
13,
209
12,4
24-9
,215
Far
-Wes
ten
Reg
ion
2,13
8,74
747
715
,399
-14,
922
2,37
0,29
658
017
,066
-16,
486
2,65
2,77
973
819
,100
-18,
362
2,93
4,20
098
021
,126
-20,
146
Mou
ntai
n37
8,53
293
2,72
5-2
,632
437,
103
148
3,14
7-2
,999
480,
703
236
3,46
1-3
,225
526,
300
376
3,78
9-3
,413
Hill
s73
7,64
614
35,
311
-5,1
6887
5,26
519
96,
302
-6,1
0396
1,21
127
76,
921
-6,6
441,
051,
548
386
7,57
1-7
,185
Ter
ai1,
022,
568
241
7,36
2-7
,121
1,05
7,92
823
37,
617
-7,3
841,
210,
865
225
8,71
8-8
,493
1,35
6,35
221
89,
766
-9,5
48
Tot
al22
,556
,983
13,5
7216
2,41
0-1
48,8
3825
,671
,813
18,6
6518
4,83
7-1
66,1
7228
,618
,369
27,2
1820
6,05
2-1
78,8
3431
,585
,880
41,9
6422
7,41
8-1
85,4
54
Yea
r 20
00 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
05 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
10 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
15 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
00 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
05 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
10 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
15 (
ton)
T
able
9-3
7 F
orec
ast
of D
eman
d an
d Su
pply
by
Ani
mal
Pro
duct
s (3
of
3)
(5)
Milk
Per
Cap
ita C
onsu
mpt
ion:
39.0
kg/y
ear
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Eas
tern
Reg
ion
5,27
2,56
426
1,73
637
,962
223,
774
6,08
9,79
432
0,00
643
,847
276,
159
6,76
7,26
739
2,46
648
,724
343,
742
7,45
5,57
548
2,80
953
,680
429,
129
Mou
ntai
n37
9,60
727
,818
2,73
325
,085
460,
870
30,8
093,
318
27,4
9150
4,51
734
,122
3,63
330
,489
551,
071
37,7
913,
968
33,8
23
Hill
s1,
621,
872
117,
769
11,6
7710
6,09
21,
907,
744
152,
464
13,7
3613
8,72
82,
108,
089
197,
379
15,1
7818
2,20
12,
315,
142
255,
527
16,6
6923
8,85
8
Ter
ai3,
271,
085
116,
149
23,5
5292
,597
3,72
1,18
013
6,73
326
,792
109,
941
4,15
4,66
016
0,96
529
,914
131,
051
4,58
9,36
218
9,49
133
,043
156,
448
Cen
tral
Reg
ion
7,68
4,23
931
0,54
255
,327
255,
215
8,68
6,29
035
6,78
862
,541
294,
247
9,70
8,53
441
1,48
669
,901
341,
585
10,7
31,2
9447
6,35
577
,265
399,
090
Mou
ntai
n53
0,18
929
,202
3,81
725
,385
626,
125
29,8
894,
508
25,3
8169
0,87
930
,593
4,97
425
,619
758,
033
31,3
145,
458
25,8
56
Hill
s3,
387,
645
154,
280
24,3
9112
9,88
93,
793,
447
170,
684
27,3
1314
3,37
14,
248,
784
188,
833
30,5
9115
8,24
24,
702,
277
208,
912
33,8
5617
5,05
6
Ter
ai3,
766,
405
127,
060
27,1
1899
,942
4,26
6,71
815
6,21
530
,720
125,
495
4,76
8,87
219
2,06
034
,336
157,
724
5,27
0,98
323
6,12
937
,951
198,
178
Wes
tern
Reg
ion
4,51
2,11
330
6,41
832
,487
273,
931
5,17
7,33
436
5,95
437
,277
328,
677
5,75
7,02
743
7,15
741
,451
395,
706
6,34
4,78
252
2,33
645
,682
476,
654
Mou
ntai
n19
,848
530
143
387
24,4
6065
017
647
426
,610
797
192
605
28,9
6597
720
976
8
Hill
s2,
704,
771
239,
039
19,4
7421
9,56
53,
199,
103
283,
194
23,0
3426
0,16
03,
525,
409
335,
506
25,3
8331
0,12
33,
865,
192
397,
481
27,8
2936
9,65
2
Ter
ai1,
787,
494
66,8
4912
,870
53,9
791,
953,
770
82,1
1014
,067
68,0
432,
205,
009
100,
854
15,8
7684
,978
2,45
0,62
512
3,87
817
,644
106,
234
Mid
-Wes
tern
Reg
ion
2,94
9,32
113
0,03
821
,235
108,
803
3,34
8,09
814
6,19
924
,106
122,
093
3,73
2,76
216
7,95
126
,876
141,
075
4,12
0,03
019
7,13
029
,664
167,
466
Mou
ntai
n28
7,00
38,
499
2,06
66,
433
340,
776
8,82
12,
454
6,36
737
4,61
59,
155
2,69
76,
458
410,
136
9,50
12,
953
6,54
8
Hill
s1,
411,
947
70,4
0410
,166
60,2
381,
634,
138
69,3
7611
,766
57,6
101,
806,
559
68,3
6313
,007
55,3
561,
984,
293
67,3
6514
,287
53,0
78
Ter
ai1,
250,
371
51,1
359,
003
42,1
321,
373,
184
68,0
029,
887
58,1
151,
551,
589
90,4
3311
,171
79,2
621,
725,
601
120,
264
12,4
2410
7,84
0
Far
-Wes
ten
Reg
ion
2,13
8,74
714
6,20
515
,399
130,
806
2,37
0,29
622
6,13
117
,066
209,
065
2,65
2,77
939
0,78
619
,100
371,
686
2,93
4,20
073
6,77
521
,126
715,
649
Mou
ntai
n37
8,53
223
,575
2,72
520
,850
437,
103
24,2
983,
147
21,1
5148
0,70
325
,043
3,46
121
,582
526,
300
25,8
113,
789
22,0
22
Hill
s73
7,64
658
,794
5,31
153
,483
875,
265
64,7
226,
302
58,4
2096
1,21
171
,248
6,92
164
,327
1,05
1,54
878
,431
7,57
170
,860
Ter
ai1,
022,
568
63,8
367,
362
56,4
741,
057,
928
137,
111
7,61
712
9,49
41,
210,
865
294,
495
8,71
828
5,77
71,
356,
352
632,
533
9,76
662
2,76
7
Tot
al22
,556
,983
1,15
4,93
916
2,41
099
2,52
925
,671
,813
1,41
5,07
818
4,83
71,
230,
241
28,6
18,3
691,
799,
846
206,
052
1,59
3,79
431
,585
,880
2,41
5,40
522
7,41
82,
187,
987
(6)
Egg
Per
Cap
ita C
onsu
mpt
ion:
0.9
kg/y
ear
FAO
'98
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Popu
latio
nPr
oduc
tion
Dem
and
Bal
ance
Eas
tern
Reg
ion
5,27
2,56
44,
291
37,9
62-3
3,67
16,
089,
794
6,39
343
,847
-37,
454
6,76
7,26
710
,194
48,7
24-3
8,53
07,
455,
575
16,9
7053
,680
-36,
710
Mou
ntai
n37
9,60
738
72,
733
-2,3
4646
0,87
034
43,
318
-2,9
7450
4,51
730
63,
633
-3,3
2755
1,07
127
23,
968
-3,6
96
Hill
s1,
621,
872
969
11,6
77-1
0,70
81,
907,
744
889
13,7
36-1
2,84
72,
108,
089
815
15,1
78-1
4,36
32,
315,
142
747
16,6
69-1
5,92
2
Ter
ai3,
271,
085
2,93
523
,552
-20,
617
3,72
1,18
05,
160
26,7
92-2
1,63
24,
154,
660
9,07
329
,914
-20,
841
4,58
9,36
215
,951
33,0
43-1
7,09
2
Cen
tral
Reg
ion
7,68
4,23
99,
772
55,3
27-4
5,55
58,
686,
290
12,7
4362
,541
-49,
798
9,70
8,53
417
,166
69,9
01-5
2,73
510
,731
,294
23,8
5277
,265
-53,
413
Mou
ntai
n53
0,18
950
33,
817
-3,3
1462
6,12
541
94,
508
-4,0
8969
0,87
934
94,
974
-4,6
2575
8,03
329
15,
458
-5,1
67
Hill
s3,
387,
645
5,97
124
,391
-18,
420
3,79
3,44
76,
983
27,3
13-2
0,33
04,
248,
784
8,16
730
,591
-22,
424
4,70
2,27
79,
552
33,8
56-2
4,30
4
Ter
ai3,
766,
405
3,29
827
,118
-23,
820
4,26
6,71
85,
341
30,7
20-2
5,37
94,
768,
872
8,65
034
,336
-25,
686
5,27
0,98
314
,009
37,9
51-2
3,94
2
Wes
tern
Reg
ion
4,51
2,11
32,
913
32,4
87-2
9,57
45,
177,
334
2,89
737
,277
-34,
380
5,75
7,02
72,
892
41,4
51-3
8,55
96,
344,
782
2,89
745
,682
-42,
785
Mou
ntai
n19
,848
1114
3-1
3224
,460
717
6-1
6926
,610
519
2-1
8728
,965
320
9-2
06
Hill
s2,
704,
771
1,91
819
,474
-17,
556
3,19
9,10
31,
833
23,0
34-2
1,20
13,
525,
409
1,75
225
,383
-23,
631
3,86
5,19
21,
675
27,8
29-2
6,15
4
Ter
ai1,
787,
494
984
12,8
70-1
1,88
61,
953,
770
1,05
714
,067
-13,
010
2,20
5,00
91,
135
15,8
76-1
4,74
12,
450,
625
1,21
917
,644
-16,
425
Mid
-Wes
tern
Reg
ion
2,94
9,32
12,
235
21,2
35-1
9,00
03,
348,
098
2,37
724
,106
-21,
729
3,73
2,76
22,
529
26,8
76-2
4,34
74,
120,
030
2,69
029
,664
-26,
974
Mou
ntai
n28
7,00
360
2,06
6-2
,006
340,
776
622,
454
-2,3
9237
4,61
564
2,69
7-2
,633
410,
136
672,
953
-2,8
86
Hill
s1,
411,
947
828
10,1
66-9
,338
1,63
4,13
886
811
,766
-10,
898
1,80
6,55
991
113
,007
-12,
096
1,98
4,29
395
514
,287
-13,
332
Ter
ai1,
250,
371
1,34
79,
003
-7,6
561,
373,
184
1,44
79,
887
-8,4
401,
551,
589
1,55
411
,171
-9,6
171,
725,
601
1,66
812
,424
-10,
756
Far
-Wes
ten
Reg
ion
2,13
8,74
770
415
,399
-14,
695
2,37
0,29
674
617
,066
-16,
320
2,65
2,77
978
919
,100
-18,
311
2,93
4,20
083
421
,126
-20,
292
Mou
ntai
n37
8,53
210
12,
725
-2,6
2443
7,10
310
93,
147
-3,0
3848
0,70
311
73,
461
-3,3
4452
6,30
012
53,
789
-3,6
64
Hill
s73
7,64
619
45,
311
-5,1
1787
5,26
520
66,
302
-6,0
9696
1,21
121
86,
921
-6,7
031,
051,
548
231
7,57
1-7
,340
Ter
ai1,
022,
568
409
7,36
2-6
,953
1,05
7,92
843
17,
617
-7,1
861,
210,
865
454
8,71
8-8
,264
1,35
6,35
247
89,
766
-9,2
88
Tot
al22
,556
,983
19,9
1516
2,41
0-1
42,4
9525
,671
,813
25,1
5618
4,83
7-1
59,6
8128
,618
,369
33,5
7020
6,05
2-1
72,4
8231
,585
,880
47,2
4322
7,41
8-1
80,1
75
Yea
r 20
00 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
05 (
1,00
0 N
o.)
Yea
r 20
10 (
1,00
0 N
o.)
Yea
r 20
15 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
00 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
05 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
10 (
ton)
Yea
r 20
15 (
ton)
Tab
le 9
-38
P
ropo
sed
Tra
nsac
tion
Sys
tem
SNT
rans
actio
n Sy
stem
Exi
stin
g T
rans
actio
n Sy
stem
Prop
osed
Tra
nsac
tion
Syst
em in
New
WM
& C
CIm
pact
/Ben
efit
1C
ontr
act H
arve
stin
g•
In g
ener
al la
rge
frui
t orc
hard
s ar
e co
ntra
cted
out f
or h
arve
stin
g &
tran
spor
tatio
n,•
Var
ious
pro
cedu
re o
f ad
vanc
ed p
aym
ent &
cred
it sy
stem
ado
pted
• C
ontr
act l
aws
to b
e de
velo
ped
& im
plem
ente
d•
Secu
re d
ealin
g &
fai
rpr
icin
g
2T
rans
actio
n sy
stem
at F
arm
Gat
e•
Loc
al tr
ader
s de
al w
ith p
rodu
cers
at f
arm
gat
e,•
Var
ious
adv
ance
pay
men
ts a
re p
ract
iced
at
vari
ous
rate
s,•
Fina
l dea
ling
is c
lear
onl
y to
the
loca
l tra
ders
not t
o th
e pr
oduc
ers
• C
ontr
act l
aw to
be
deve
lope
d &
ado
pted
• Pa
ymen
t Pro
cedu
rede
fine
d an
d fa
ir p
rice
pai
dto
the
prod
ucer
s
3T
rans
actio
n Sy
stem
at C
C•
Indi
vidu
al f
arm
ers
sell
to th
e lo
cal t
rade
rs o
r to
the
trad
ers/
colle
ctor
s,•
Farm
ers
repo
rted
sel
ling
both
on
cash
& o
ncr
edit
as r
equi
red,
• V
ario
us a
dvan
ce a
nd c
redi
t sys
tem
use
d•
Var
ious
com
mis
sion
rat
es
• C
ontr
act l
aw to
be
deve
lope
d &
ado
pted
,•
Farm
ers
deal
at c
ontr
actu
al a
gree
men
t with
trad
ers,
• Fa
rmer
s di
rect
ly d
eals
with
thei
r ow
n C
o-op
erat
ives
,•
Farm
ers
co-o
pera
tives
dec
ide
vari
ous
tran
sact
ion
syst
em a
nd p
aym
ent s
ched
ule
base
d on
thei
r ow
nde
cisi
ons
• C
omm
issi
on r
ate
for
coop
erat
ives
dec
ide
by th
epr
oduc
ers
them
selv
es.
• Fa
rmer
s re
ceiv
eco
ntra
cted
pri
ce,
• Fa
rmer
s w
ith th
eir
own
coop
erat
ives
ben
efite
dm
ore
from
ope
n &
cle
antr
ansa
ctio
n sy
stem
4T
rans
actio
n Sy
stem
at W
M•
Loc
al tr
ader
s br
ing
to s
ell a
t WM
,•
Tra
ders
/Col
lect
ors
colle
ct a
nd b
ring
to s
ell a
tW
M,
• Fa
rmer
s ta
ke to
WM
for
dir
ect s
ale,
• V
ario
us tr
ansa
ctio
n sy
stem
and
pay
men
tm
etho
ds a
re a
dopt
ed•
Var
ious
com
mis
sion
rat
es b
y w
hole
sale
rs
• C
ontr
act l
aw to
be
deve
lope
d &
ado
pted
,•
Farm
ers
Mar
ketin
g C
o-op
erat
ives
col
lect
, qua
lity
impr
ove,
& tr
ansp
ort t
o w
hole
sale
mar
ket f
orau
ctio
n sa
le,
• T
rade
rs c
olle
ct, i
mpr
ove
qual
ity, a
nd tr
ansp
ort t
oW
M f
or a
uctio
n sa
le•
Ope
n ca
sh a
nd c
redi
t sys
tem
of
paym
ent a
dopt
ed•
Def
ined
com
mis
sion
rat
e to
who
lesa
lers
• Q
ualit
y ha
ndlin
g fo
r be
tter
pric
e•
Ope
n sy
stem
for
fai
rpr
icin
g an
d be
nefi
ts
5T
rans
actio
n Sy
stem
with
Buy
ers
and
Ret
aile
rs
• V
ario
us s
yste
ms
adop
ted
by b
uyer
s ba
sed
onth
eir
reta
ilers
to b
e de
alt w
ith•
Con
trac
t Law
to b
e de
velo
ped
and
adop
ted,
• B
uyer
s ra
te a
re o
pen
to a
ll ba
sed
on th
e au
ctio
nsy
stem
• C
omm
issi
on r
ate
of b
uyer
s fi
xed
• Pa
ymen
t pro
cedu
re o
pen
and
tran
spar
ent
• Fa
ir tr
ansa
ctio
n sy
stem
prov
ide
bette
r ch
ance
for
fair
pri
ce a
nd b
enef
its
Sour
ce: J
ica
Stud
y T
eam
, 20
00
Tab
le 9
-39
P
ropo
sed
Pri
cing
Mec
hani
sm
SNPr
icin
g M
echa
nism
Exi
stin
g Pr
icin
g M
echa
nism
Prop
osed
New
Pri
cing
Mec
hani
smIm
pact
s/B
enef
it
1Pr
icin
g M
echa
nism
at
Farm
Gat
e•
No
pric
ing
mec
hani
sm a
t far
m g
ate
leve
l•
Farm
gat
e pr
ices
are
fix
ed b
y lo
cal c
olle
ctor
s•
Prod
ucer
far
mer
s ha
ve n
o kn
owle
dge
on C
Cpr
icin
g m
echa
nism
• Fa
rm g
ate
pric
e be
link
ed to
the
CC
pri
cing
mec
hani
sm•
Fair
pri
ce a
t far
m g
ate
2Pr
icin
g M
echa
nism
at
CC
• Pr
ice
fixe
d by
loca
l tra
ders
,•
Pric
e fi
xed
by tr
ader
s/co
llect
ors
• Pr
ice
redu
ced
by lo
cal t
rade
rs in
abs
ence
of
the
outs
ide
trad
ers/
colle
ctor
s
• Pr
ice
fixe
d by
trad
ers
base
d on
the
Who
lesa
leM
arke
t pri
ce•
Pric
e op
enly
fix
ed b
y C
o-op
erat
ives
to s
uit t
heen
viro
nmen
t•
Pric
e fi
xed
by C
o-op
erat
ives
bas
ed o
n th
e W
M p
rice
• C
lean
ing,
gra
ding
, pac
king
, and
mar
king
cos
tre
duce
d by
Co-
oper
ativ
es
• Fa
ir p
rice
at C
C•
Bet
ter
oppo
rtun
ity o
nO
pen
pric
es o
f th
eco
oper
ativ
es
3Pr
icin
g M
echa
nism
at
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t•
Unc
lear
pri
cing
mec
hani
sm a
t WM
• Pr
ice
fixe
d by
the
Who
lesa
lers
• Pr
ices
unk
now
n an
d fl
uctu
ate
very
muc
h
• Pr
ices
fix
ed b
y A
uctio
n Sy
stem
• So
ld to
the
high
est b
idde
rs, s
o fa
ir p
rice
• D
aily
who
lesa
le p
rice
kno
wn
to a
ll
• Fa
ir p
rice
to a
ll ac
tors
• A
nd b
enef
it sh
ared
by
all o
n fa
ir d
eal b
asis
4Pr
icin
g M
echa
nism
at
Buy
ers
& R
etai
lers
• Pr
ices
fix
ed b
y bu
yers
• Pr
ices
fix
ed b
y th
e R
etai
lers
• Pr
ice
not k
now
n to
all
• Pr
ice
diff
ered
by
buye
rs a
nd r
etai
lers
• B
uyer
s bu
y in
Auc
tion
syst
em•
Ope
n pr
icin
g sy
stem
• Pr
ice
know
n to
all
• U
nifo
rm p
rici
ng
• B
ette
r pr
ice
to a
ll•
Ben
efit
to a
ll•
Pric
e kn
own
Sour
ce: J
ica
Stud
y T
eam
, 20
00
Tab
le 9
-40
Pro
pose
d L
icen
sing
Sys
tem
SNL
icen
sing
:E
xist
ing
Lic
ensi
ng S
yste
mPr
opos
edN
ew L
icen
sing
Impa
ct/B
enef
it
At
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t1
Com
mis
sion
Age
nts
No
Lic
ense
sys
tem
Var
iabl
e co
mm
issi
on r
ates
cha
rged
by
the
com
mis
sion
age
nts
No
trai
ning
to c
omm
issi
on a
gent
s
Phas
e -w
ise
Lic
ensi
ng S
yste
mL
icen
sing
in P
hase
1 b
y M
MC
Com
mis
sion
Age
nts
trai
ned
in A
uctio
n Sy
stem
Com
mis
sion
Age
nts
func
tion
as A
uctio
neer
s
Auc
tioni
ng b
y tr
aine
dA
uctio
neer
sFa
ir p
rice
in A
uctio
n
2B
uyer
s/W
hole
sale
rsN
o L
icen
se S
yste
mC
harg
e va
riab
le r
ates
Var
iabl
e co
mm
issi
on p
erce
ntag
es
Phas
e- w
ise
Lic
ensi
ng b
y M
MC
Tra
inin
g to
Buy
ers/
Who
lesa
lers
Pric
e op
en &
kno
wn
to r
etai
lers
3L
ocal
Tra
ders
/Tra
ders
No
Lic
ense
Sys
tem
Pay
vari
able
cha
rges
to w
hole
sale
rsT
rain
ed lo
cal t
rade
rs o
n lo
t num
ber
prep
arat
ion
for
auct
ioni
ngL
ocal
cap
acity
bui
ldin
g of
loca
ltr
ader
s4
Mar
ketin
g C
o-op
erat
ives
No
Lic
ense
Sys
tem
No
com
mis
sion
cha
rge
fixe
dN
o ex
peri
ence
in m
arke
ting
at W
M
Phas
e- w
ise
Lic
ensi
ng b
y M
MC
Tra
inin
g to
coo
pera
tive
mem
bers
Selli
ng b
y T
rade
Mar
ks
Fair
sha
re to
pro
duce
r fa
rmer
s
5In
stitu
tiona
l Buy
ers
No
Lic
ense
Sys
tem
Not
def
ined
Phas
e-w
ise
Lic
ensi
ng b
y M
MC
Tra
inin
g to
inst
itutio
nal s
uppl
iers
and
buy
ers
Secu
re b
uyer
s
At
Col
lect
ion
Cen
ter:
1Pr
oduc
er F
arm
ers’
Gro
ups
as S
uppl
iers
No
Lic
ense
Sys
tem
No
trai
ning
on
licen
sing
sys
tem
Phas
e-w
ise
licen
sing
is p
ropo
sed
if n
eces
sary
only
Prod
ucer
far
mer
’s r
ecog
nize
d
2C
oope
rativ
e as
bot
h bu
yer
and
supp
lier
No
Lic
ense
Sys
tem
No
trai
ning
to c
oope
rativ
e m
embe
rsPh
ase-
wis
e L
icen
sing
is p
ropo
sed
Tra
inin
g to
coo
pera
tive
mem
bers
is a
lso
prop
osed
Coo
pera
tives
rec
ogni
zed
Coo
pera
tive
mem
bers
trai
ned
3L
ocal
Tra
der
as b
uyer
s &
Supp
liers
NO
Lic
ensi
ng S
yste
mN
o tr
aini
ng to
trad
ers
Phas
e-w
ise
Lic
ensi
ng is
pro
pose
dT
rain
ing
to lo
cal t
rade
rs is
als
o pr
opos
edL
ocal
cap
acity
bui
ldin
g of
loca
ltr
ader
sSo
urce
:1.
Prof
ile o
f K
alim
ati F
ruit
& V
eget
able
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t Dev
elop
men
t Boa
rd, 2
000.
2.T
he D
elhi
Agr
icul
tura
l Pro
duce
Mar
ketin
g (R
egul
atio
n) A
ct, 1
998
& F
ield
Vis
it to
Aza
dpur
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t.3.
Bih
ar A
gric
ultu
ral P
rodu
ce M
arke
ts A
ct, 1
960
& it
s am
endm
ents
and
Fie
ld V
isit
to P
atna
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t.4.
Wes
t Ben
gal A
gric
ultu
ral P
rodu
ce M
arke
ting
(Reg
ulat
ion)
Act
, 197
2 &
Fie
ld V
isit
to S
iligu
ri W
hole
sale
Mar
ket.
5.Pr
opos
ed S
ugge
stio
n by
the
Tea
m M
embe
r.
Tab
le 9
-41
Pro
pose
d Q
ualit
y C
ontr
ol S
yste
m
SNQ
ualit
y C
ontr
ol S
yste
mE
xist
ing
Qua
lity
Con
trol
Sys
tem
Prop
osed
Qua
lity
Con
trol
Sys
tem
Impa
ct/B
enef
it
At
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t:1
Re-
grad
ing
and
Re-
Pack
agin
g fo
rD
istr
ibut
ion
No
re-g
radi
ng o
r re
-pac
king
don
e at
WM
on
regu
lar
basi
sR
e-gr
adin
g &
re-
pack
ing
at W
M b
ased
on
the
mar
ket d
eman
dR
e-gr
adin
g &
re-
pack
ing
for
Exp
ort M
arke
ting
Qua
lity
prod
ucts
Exp
orte
dB
enef
icia
l to
pack
ers
& g
rade
rs
2Sa
mpl
ing
Surv
ey a
ndQ
ualit
y T
est
No
sam
ples
take
n fo
r te
stin
gN
o qu
ality
test
Reg
ular
sam
ple
surv
ey is
pro
pose
dR
egul
ar q
ualit
y te
stin
g is
als
o pr
opos
ed in
late
r ph
ase
Qua
lity
assu
ranc
e
3C
ertif
icat
e to
Spe
cial
Bra
ndN
o ce
rtif
icat
ion
syst
emC
ertif
icat
e to
Spe
cial
Bra
ndIn
cent
ive
for
qual
ity p
rodu
cts
At
Col
lect
ion
Cen
ter:
1C
lean
ing,
was
hing
,G
radi
ng, p
acka
ging
and
Tra
de M
arki
ng
No
clea
ning
and
was
hing
spa
ce a
t CC
No
grad
ing
syst
em f
ollo
wed
at C
CPa
ckin
g is
don
e m
ainl
y in
Bam
boo
Bas
kets
No
trad
e m
arki
ng in
trod
uced
Lim
ited
stor
age
faci
litie
s
Cle
anin
g an
d W
ashi
ng s
pace
at C
C p
ropo
sed
for
qual
ity im
prov
emen
tA
gra
ding
sys
tem
sug
gest
ed f
or C
C b
y C
o-op
erat
ives
Var
ious
pac
king
mat
eria
ls (
loca
l bas
ed)
sugg
este
dT
rade
Mar
king
by
the
prod
uctio
n po
cket
s is
pro
pose
dSt
orag
e fa
cilit
ies
by p
riva
te s
ecto
r ex
cept
the
pilo
t tes
tPa
ckag
ing
with
Bra
nd n
ame
Qua
lity
up-g
rade
dB
ette
r pr
ice
for
grad
ed p
rodu
cts
Tra
de m
ark
bene
fit f
or th
epr
oduc
tion
pock
ets
2Q
ualit
y tr
ansp
orta
tion
toW
MT
rans
port
atio
n on
hir
ed tr
ucks
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
on n
ight
bus
esN
o qu
ality
tran
spor
tatio
n m
easu
res
take
n
Tru
ck f
acili
ty c
reat
ed a
t CC
Co-
oper
ativ
e m
embe
rs a
nd T
rade
rs tr
aine
d in
qua
lity
tran
spor
tatio
nm
easu
res
Red
uced
loss
es d
urin
gtr
ansp
orta
tion
3Q
ualit
y D
ispl
ay a
t WM
Poor
qua
lity
prod
ucts
sup
plie
d w
ithou
t gra
ding
Poor
pac
kagi
ng a
nd lo
ok a
t dis
play
Dam
aged
pro
duct
s no
t sor
ted
out
Qua
lity
Dis
play
at W
MD
ispl
ay b
y gr
ade
and
pack
agin
g m
ater
ials
Dis
play
of
trad
e m
arks
and
qua
lity
Prod
ucts
sel
ectio
nQ
ualit
y di
spla
y
4Sa
mpl
e su
rvey
& q
ualit
yte
stN
o re
gula
r sa
mpl
ing
for
qual
ity te
stN
o re
gula
r qu
ality
test
ing
syst
emR
egul
ar s
ampl
e su
rvey
for
qua
lity
test
ing
Qua
lity
test
ing
on r
egul
ar b
asis
Qua
lity
prod
ucts
sec
ured
5C
ertif
icat
ion
No
cert
ific
atio
n sy
stem
No
reco
gniti
on f
or q
ualit
y w
ork
A c
ertif
icat
ion
syst
em is
pro
pose
d fo
r qu
ality
con
trol
ince
ntiv
es to
the
farm
ers
coop
erat
ives
’ O
rgan
izat
ions
Rec
ogni
tion
and
cert
ific
atio
nin
cent
ives
6R
ecom
men
datio
ns &
Dem
onst
ratio
nsN
o re
com
men
datio
n Sy
stem
No
dem
onst
ratio
n sy
stem
on
qual
ityR
ecom
men
datio
n &
Dem
onst
ratio
n on
: -Se
lect
ed s
eed
vari
etie
sPr
oduc
t siz
e co
ntro
lSp
oila
ge r
educ
tion
Uni
form
pro
duct
s fo
r be
tter
pric
eQ
ualit
y pr
oduc
ts f
or b
ette
r pr
ice
Red
uced
loss
es f
or b
ette
r pr
ice
7Q
ualit
y M
aint
enan
ceN
o Pr
ogra
mA
qua
lity
mai
nten
ance
pro
gram
is s
ugge
sted
Bet
ter
pric
e fo
r qu
ality
pro
duct
sSo
urce
: JIC
A S
tudy
Tea
m’s
Fie
ld V
isit
to C
olle
ctio
n C
ente
rs a
t Dhu
sa, D
hank
uta,
Dhu
pgar
i, In
dia
and
Phen
tsili
ng, B
huta
n.
Tab
le 9
-42
Pro
pose
d W
aste
Man
agem
ent
Syst
em
SNW
aste
Man
agem
ent
Exi
stin
g W
aste
Man
agem
ent S
yste
mPr
opos
ed W
aste
Man
agem
ent S
yste
m in
New
WM
& C
CIm
pact
/Ben
efit
a. G
arba
ge C
olle
ctio
n T
imin
g1
Auc
tioni
ng T
imin
gN
o5.
00 a
m to
10.
00 a
mL
ess
Con
flic
tsD
efin
ed ti
me
peri
od2
Buy
ers
Han
dlin
g T
imin
gN
ot s
peci
fied
10.0
0 am
to 2
.00
pm3
Gar
bage
Col
lect
ion
Tim
ing
Not
spe
cifi
ed2.
00 p
m to
7.0
0 pm
4A
rriv
al R
ecei
ving
, Unl
oadi
ng a
ndA
rran
ging
Lot
s fo
r A
uctio
ning
No
7.00
pm
to 5
.00
am
b. G
arba
ge C
olle
ctio
n A
rea
1W
eigh
ing
Are
aN
oT
wic
e a
day
Cle
an m
arke
ting
area
s2
Mar
ketin
g A
rea
No
Tw
ice
a da
y3
Auc
tioni
ng A
rea
No
Onc
e a
day
4G
radi
ng a
nd P
acka
ging
Are
aN
oSe
vera
l tim
es a
day
5L
oadi
ng a
nd U
nloa
ding
Are
aN
oT
wic
e a
day
6G
ener
al A
rea
Not
spe
cifi
edO
nce
a da
yc.
Gar
bage
Tre
atm
ent
Syst
em1
Sim
ple
Gar
bage
Tre
atm
ent b
yD
ecom
posi
tion
No
Loc
al d
ecom
posi
tion
proc
ess
at C
CB
enef
its o
f de
com
pose
d pr
oduc
ts
2G
arba
ge T
reat
men
t in
the
Plan
t at W
MN
oG
arba
ge tr
eatm
ent p
lant
at W
MB
enef
icia
l pro
duct
s3
Gar
bage
Tre
atm
ent O
utsi
de th
e W
MN
oG
arba
ge tr
eatm
ent p
lant
Ben
efit
to u
sers
d. R
ecyc
ling
use
of W
asta
ge a
ndT
reat
ed G
arba
ge1
Use
d as
Org
anic
Man
ure
Som
eU
se a
s or
gani
c m
anur
eA
dd s
oil f
ertil
itye.
Dis
posa
l of
Gar
bage
1G
arba
ge d
ispo
sal
Dum
ping
site
Dum
ping
site
with
pro
cess
ing
plan
tB
ad s
mel
l & D
irty
Sour
ce: J
ICA
Stu
dy T
eam
, 200
0
Tab
le 9
-43
Pro
posa
l for
Dev
elop
men
t of
Fin
anci
al M
anag
emen
t Sy
stem
SNFi
nanc
ial M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
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stin
g Fi
nanc
ial M
anag
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t Sys
tem
Prop
osed
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al M
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and
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ct/B
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it
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t Bir
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l ren
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ore
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e
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quip
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t Ren
tal
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rom
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tic c
rate
san
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tsM
ain
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ce o
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ting
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id to
land
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ner
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to la
nd o
wne
rs
b. E
xpen
ditu
res
1R
epai
r &
mai
nten
ance
By
man
agem
ent b
ody
No
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ody
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spon
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ents
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ade
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ty, d
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ing
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imal
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agem
ent b
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mad
e re
spon
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e
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pera
tion
and
man
agem
ent
By
man
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ody
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agem
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ody
mad
e re
spon
sibl
e6
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rySt
aff
sala
ryN
oM
anag
emen
t bod
y m
ade
resp
onsi
ble
7D
epre
ciat
ion
cost
No
depr
ecia
tion
cost
cal
cula
ted
No
MM
C r
espo
nsib
le8
Peri
odic
al R
epor
ting
Peri
odic
rep
ortin
gN
oM
MC
res
pons
ible
Info
rmat
ion
avai
labl
ec.
Acc
ount
ing
Syst
em1
Bud
get P
repa
ratio
nA
nnua
l bud
get p
repa
red
No
Bot
h an
nual
and
long
term
bud
get
will
be
prep
ared
Reg
ular
bud
get a
vaila
ble
2A
ccou
ntin
g Sy
stem
Sim
ple
acco
untin
g sy
stem
ado
pted
No
Stan
dard
acc
ount
ing
syst
em w
ill b
ead
opte
dB
ette
r ac
coun
ting
syst
em
3B
alan
ce S
heet
Bal
ance
she
ets
prep
ared
No
Bal
ance
she
ets
will
be
publ
ishe
dB
alan
ce s
heet
ava
ilabl
e
Sour
ce: J
ICA
Stu
dy T
eam
, 200
0
Tab
le 9
-44
Pro
pose
d D
evel
opm
ent
of E
duca
tion
and
Tra
inin
g
SNT
rain
ings
Exi
stin
g E
duca
tion
and
Tra
inin
gPr
opos
ed D
evel
opm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
& T
rain
ing
Prop
osed
Dev
elop
men
t of
Edu
catio
n an
d T
rain
ing
Impa
ct/B
enef
it
A. Q
ualit
y Im
prov
emen
tA
t Col
lect
ion
Cen
ter
At W
hole
sale
Mar
ket
1C
lean
ing
& W
ashi
ngN
oT
rain
ing
on c
lean
ing
and
was
hing
No
Loc
al C
apac
ityB
uild
ing
2G
radi
ng &
Sor
ting
No
Tra
inin
g on
gra
ding
& s
ortin
gT
rain
ing
on r
e-gr
adin
g3
Pack
agin
gB
ambo
o B
aske
tT
rain
ing
on P
acka
ging
Tra
inin
g on
re-
pack
agin
g4
Sam
ple
surv
ey &
qua
lity
test
No
Tra
inin
g on
sam
ple
surv
eyT
rain
ing
on q
ualit
y te
st5
Rec
omm
end
& D
emon
stra
teN
oT
rain
ing
on N
ew T
echn
olog
ies
No
Qua
lity
impr
ovem
ent
6Se
lect
see
d va
riet
ies
No
Tra
inin
g on
qua
lity
impr
oved
see
d us
eN
o7
Prod
uct s
ize
cont
rol
No
Tra
inin
g on
pro
duct
siz
e co
ntro
l for
mar
ketin
gN
o
8Sp
oila
ge r
educ
tion
met
hod
No
Tra
inin
g on
spo
ilage
red
uctio
nm
etho
dsT
rain
ing
on s
poila
ge r
educ
tion
met
hods
B.P
roce
ss I
mpr
ovem
ent
1L
icen
sing
No
Tra
inin
g on
Lic
ensi
ngT
rain
ing
on L
icen
sing
2Pr
icin
g M
echa
nism
No
Tra
inin
g on
pri
cing
mec
hani
smT
rain
ing
on p
rici
ng m
echa
nism
3A
ccou
ntin
gY
esFu
rthe
r tr
aini
ng o
n ac
coun
ting
trai
ning
Tra
inin
g on
acc
ount
ing
Tra
ined
in a
ccou
ntin
gsy
stem
4A
uctio
ning
No
Tra
inin
g on
Auc
tioni
ngT
rain
ing
on A
uctio
ning
Tra
ined
in A
uctio
ning
syst
em
5D
ata
colle
ctio
n &
Rec
ordi
ngPa
rtia
lT
rain
ing
on d
ata
colle
ctio
n an
dre
cord
ing
Tra
inin
g on
dat
a co
llect
ion
and
reco
rdin
g
6D
ata
Proc
essi
ngN
oT
rain
ing
on d
ata
proc
essi
ngT
rain
ing
g on
dat
a pr
oces
sing
7In
form
atio
n D
isse
min
atio
nPa
rtia
lT
rain
ing
on I
nfor
mat
ion
diss
emin
atio
nT
rain
ing
on I
nfor
mat
ion
diss
emin
atio
nIn
form
atio
ndi
ssem
inat
ion
8G
arba
ge R
ecyc
ling
No
Tra
inin
g on
gar
bage
rec
yclin
gT
rain
ing
on g
arba
ge r
ecyc
ling
Sour
ce: J
ICA
Stu
dy T
eam
, 200
0.
T-43
Table 9-45 Details of Facilities for NWM in Kathmandu
(Facilities) (Floor area) (Structure) (Remarks)
(Market Hall)
(Site A)
Market Hall-1 building-1
Market Hall-1 building-2
Market Hall-2 building
3,540.4 m2
3,540.4 m2
3,269.7 m2
RC/Steelbeam
For vegetables
For vegetables
For fruits
(Site B)
Market Hall-1 building
Market Hall-2 building
6,674.6 m2
3,279.3 m2RC/Steelbeam
For vegetables
For fruits
Administration & Trainingcenter
520 m2 RC Lecture hall, Kitchen, workshop
Pilot Project Building 155.5 m2 RC/Steelbeam
Cold Storage, Seed Demonstration
Canteen 150 m2 RC Kitchen Equipment
Electric Building 120 m2 RC
Public Toilets 72 m2 RC 36 m2 x 2 toilets
Guard Box 6.2 m2 RC Placed at the main entrance
Elevated Water Tower 9 m2 RC H= 16 m
Water Treatment Plant/ drainagesystem
80m2 RC Placed underground
Trash/Garbage collection 20m2 RC Roof with columns
Streetlights 20 lights - Attached to the buildings
(Equipment) (Quantity) (Remarks)
Cold storage 2 unit For vegetable and fruits
Balance 250
Truck scale 2 1 ton
Plastic crate 1500
900
Capacity : 25kg
: 40kg
Trolley 2 1 ton
Truck 1 6 ton
Micro Bus 1 For 20 passengers
Generator 1 Capacity of 250 KVA
Apparatus for quality check 2 unit
Audio visual equipment 2 unit
Computer 5 set
Telephone 10
Facsimile 1
Light pressure cleaners 10 set
Small incinarator 2Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-44
Table 9-46 Stall Size for Wholesaler in NWM (Vegetable) at Kathmandu
TotalHandling
Volume ofTarget year
2010.(ton/ year)
PlannedHandling
Volume ofone
Wholesaler(ton/ day)
StorageVolume in
1m2
(ton/ m2)
RequiredStorage
space (m2)
RequiredOffice and
Displayspace (m2)
RequiredFloor area
of stall (m2)
PlannedFloor area
of stall (m2)
100,000 1.5 0.378 3.96 9.6 13.56 18.75Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
Table 9-47 Stall Size for Wholesaler in NWM (Fruits) at Kathmandu
TotalHandling
Volume ofTarget year
2010.(ton/ year)
PlannedHandling
Volume ofone
Wholesaler(ton/ day)
StorageVolume in
1 m2
(ton/ m2)
RequiredStorage
space (m2)
RequiredOffice and
Displayspace (m2)
RequiredFloor area
of stall (m2)
PlannedFloor area
of stall (m2)
40,000 2.5 0.378 5.70 13.8 19.5 28.1Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
Table 9-48 Proposed Personnel for NWM in Kathmandu
Position Permanent ContractMarket manager 1Assist. Manager 1Administration Chief 1Personnel 1 1Security 2 6Transport 1Telephone 2Account chief 1Fee collector 4Market operation chief 1Wholesale market operation 3Farmers market operation 2Entrance gate management 3 3Repair/ Maintenance 2Parking management 1Auction management 1Weighing/ Quality/ Packing 1 2Legal section 1Planning 1Market information 1 3
Total 20 26Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-45
Table 9-49 Details of Administration and Training Center of NWM in Kathmandu
Room Numberof
Users
Installed furniture andequipment
Standardunit floor
area(m2/person
)
Requiredfloor area
(m2)
Plannedfloor area
(m2)
AdministrativeOffice
22 Desk and chair, shelf,white board, cabinet,computer
7-12 154-264 176
LectureHall/Workshop
Max 50 audio-visual equipment,black board, desk-chair,podium
2,2 110 130
Manager’sroom
1 desk and chair, shelf,cabinet, computer
18-25 18-25 19
Laboratory/Workshop
4 desk and chair, shelf,cabinet, computer
7.0-12 28 26
Canteen - - - 3Toilet - - - 31Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
Table 9-50 Details of Pilot Project Building of NWM in Kathmandu
Room Numberof Users
Installed furniture andequipment
Standardunit floor
area(m2/person
)
Requiredfloor area
(m2)
Plannedfloor area
(m2)
Cold Storage - Prefabricated cold storage - - 61.7ExhibitionCenter
- Display table, desk andchair,
- - 43
Office 1 Desk and chair, shelves,computer
7-12 7-12 7
Entrance Hall - Reception desk and chair,wall hanger for exhibit
- - 22
Storage - Storage for furniture - - 5Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-46
Table 9-51 Details of Facilities for NWM in Biratnagar
(Facilities) (Floor Area) (Structure) (Remarks)
Wholesale market building(vegetable)
480m2 + 560m2 RC
Wholesale market building(fruits)
240m2 RC
Administrative office / Trainingcenter
392m2 (1F) +259m2 (2F)
RC
2 stories
(1F) : entrance hall, reception,training center office, trainingroom, exhibition/promotion room,cold storage, storage
(2F) : administrative office,director’s room, meeting room
Security office / Canteen 28m2 + 42m2 RC
Guard box 3.75m2 RC
Toilet 35m2 x 2 RC
Water reservoir tank 8m2 RC 15ton
Elevated water tank 2m2 RC 2ton, H : 16m
Electric sub-station 4m2 RC
Wasted water treatment plant 50m2 RC Constructed in underground
Garbage collection shed 15 m2 x 3 Brick
Street lights 20 poles Steel
Fence and gate 600m Brick
Well 1 Depth : 100m
Asphalt Pavement Area 4,500m2
(Equipment) (Quantity) (Remarks)
Cold storage 1 2.2kw, prefabricated
Balance 32 For each wholesaler
Truck scale 2 1 ton
Plastic crate 300 Capacity : 25kg
Trolley 2 1 ton
Truck 1 6 ton
Micro Bus 1 For 20 passengers
Generator 1 20KVA
Apparatus for quality check 2 unit
Audio visual equipment 2 unit
Computer 5 set
Telephone 8
Facsimile 1
Light pressure cleaners 8 set
Small incinarator 2Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-47
Table 9-52 Required Floor Area of Stall for Vegetable Wholesaler in NWM at Biratnagar
A B C D E F GTotal
handlingvolume oftarget year
2010.(ton/year)
Plannedhandling
volume of onewholesaler(ton/day)
Storagevolume in
1 m2
(ton/ m2)
Requiredstorage space
(m2)
Requiredoffice and
display space(m2)
Requiredfloor area of
stall(m2)
Planned floorarea of a stall
(m2)
D=B/C F=D+E G=F+aisle30,000 3.2 0.29 11.0 9.0 20.0 28.0
Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
Table 9-53 Required Floor Area of Stall for Fruit Wholesaler in NWM at Biratnagar
A B C D E F E
Totalhandling
volume oftarget year
2010.(ton/year)
Planned peakhandling
volume of onewholesaler(ton/day)
Storagevolume in
1 m2
(ton/ m2)
Requiredstorage
(m2)
Requiredoffice and
display space(m2)
Requiredfloor area of a
stall(m2)
Planned floorarea of a stall
(m2)
D=B/C/2 F=D+E E=F+aisle2,000 1.86 0.108 6.9 9.0 15.9 28.0
Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
Table 9-54 Proposed Personnel for NWM in Biratnagar
Position Permanent ContractMarket manager 1Assist. manager 1
Administration chief 1Personnel 2Security 3
Transport 1Telephone 1
Account chief 1Fee collector 2
Market operation 1Entrance gate 1 1
Repair/maintenance 1Planning 1
Market information 1 1Total 8 12
Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-48
Table 9-55 Details of Administrative Office of NWM in Biratnagar
Room Proposednumber of
users
Installed furniture andequipment
Standard unitfloor area
(m2/person)
Requiredfloor area
(m2)
Planned floorarea(m2)
Administrativeoffice
10 desk and chair, shelf,white board, cabinet,computer
7 ~ 12 70 ~ 120 98
Meeting room Max 20 table and chair,audio/visual equipment
2.2 44 49
Manager’s roomWaiting room
1 desk and chair, shelf,cabinet, computer
18 ~ 25 18 ~ 25 2015
Reception/accountoffice
4 counter, desk and chair,shelf, cabinet, computer
7 ~ 12 28 ~ 48 35
Toilet - - - - 25Kitchenette - - - - 9
Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
Table 9-56 Details of Training Center of NWM in Biratnagar
Room Proposednumber of
users
Installed furniture andequipment
Unit floorarea
(m2/person)
Requiredfloor area
(m2)
Planned floorarea(m2)
Instructor’s room 5 desk and chair, shelf,white board, cabinet,computer
7 ~ 12 35 ~ 60 49
Training room(multi purpose)
max 25 table and chair,audio/visual equipment
2.5 ~ 4 65 ~ 100 98
Exhibition/promotion room
- desk and chair, shelf,cabinet, computer
49
Cold storage - Prefabricated cold storage 16Storage - scale, maintenance tools 12Machine/mechanical room
- generator, control panel 12
Toilet - 25Kitchenette - 9
Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-49
Table 9-57 Proposed sites of Collection Centers in Central Region
District ProductionPocket Area
Max.Volume/day
InfrastructureAccess Road Land for C.C.
Makawanpur Daman 20ton 65km, Paved but partiallyrough road,2.35hrs.
O.K.
Kavre Panauti 20ton 34km, Paved road but poormaintenance. 2km roughroad, 1.25 hrs.
O.K.
Chitwan Bhandara 20ton 268km, Paved but somerugged,3.50 hrs
0.5ha
Nuwakot Kakani 20ton 27km, Slanted & zigzag roadwith poor maintenance, 1.17hrs
0.5ha
Dhading Chharaurdi 30ton 13km, GTZ rough road, 1.5hrs
0.5ha
Remarks : Access distance and road conditions are from Kathmandu to the related site.Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
Table 9-58 Proposed sites of Collection Centers in Eastern Region
District ProductionPocket Area
Max.Volume/day
InfrastructureAccess Road Land for C.C
Jhapa Surunga 15ton 86km, National Highway 0.5haBlacktop, 1hr.50min.
Dhankuta Joropati 15ton 109km, Blacktop 0.3haexcept 7km earthen 3hr.
Sunsari Babiya 20ton 45km, Blacktop 0.35ha1hr.14min.
Morang KatahariSisbania
20ton 12km, Rangeli HighwayBlacktop, 50min.
0.25ha
Remarks : Access distance and road conditions are from Biratnagar to the related site.Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-50
Table 9-59 Proposed Project Components of Collection Centre
(Facility) (Floor area) (Remarks)Collection Center 432m2 Structure : RC
Pre-cooling room Capacity : 10ton and 5tonAtmospheric temperature storage room Capacity : 15tonOfficeKiosk
Toilet 30m2 Structure : RCGuard box 2.25m2 Structure : RCGarbage stock shed 8m2 Structure : RCWasted water treatment plant 30m2 Structure : RCFence and gate 200mWell 1
(Equipment) (Quantity)Pre-cooling facilities
Pre-cooling storage (5 ton) 1 9.6 kw, PrefabricatedPre-cooling storage (10 ton) 1 14.2 kw, Prefabricated
Water tank 1Wasted disposal box 1Weighing equipment
Top –pan scale 1 50 kgPlatform scale 1 1 ton
Transportation equipmentPlastic crate model A 1,500 25 kgPlastic crate model B 600 40 kgWooden pallet 100 1 tonTrolley 2 1 tonTruck 1 6.5 ton
Quality control equipmentThermomerter 2Refractometer 1 Brix 0.0~32.0.m%Vernier caliper 1
Administration equipmentTelephone/ Fax 1Calculator 1Desk and chairs 3 setPublic information board 1Others 1 lot
Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-51
Table 9-60 Proposed sites of Livestock Market
Livestock MarketsBelbari Ramawapur Mahadevstan
CollectionCenter
Land Size 1.90 ha 2.7 ha 1.6 ha 2.0 ha
Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
Table 9-61 Proposed Project Components of Livestock Market
Livestock MarketsBelbari Ramawapur Mahadevstan
CollectionCenter
Watering Units 15x0.6mx 3 units 16x0.6mx 5 units 17x0.6mx3 units 19x0.6mx 5units
No. of Toilets 2 3 2 3
Livestock shed 5x30mx2sheds 5x50mx6sheds 5x30mx2sheds,3x50mx7sheds,
5x50x6sheds
Feed Storage 15x2mx1storage 25x2mx2storage 50x2mx3storage15x2mx3storage
15x2mx2storage
Loading/UnloadingUnit
1 2 1 1
office 1 1 1 1Sheds forFarmer/Traders
3 sheds 10 sheds 2 sheds 3 sheds
Drainage 1.90x0.7=1.3ha 2.70x0.7=1.9ha 1.60x0.7=01.1ha 2. 0x0.7=1.4 haLength ofFence
800m 750m 700m 700m
Unit Balance 2 3 4 2Improvementof AccessRoad
100m 1600m 400m -
Parking Area 15 trucks 50 trucks 15 trucks 30 trucks
Canteen 1 1 1 1Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-52
Table 9-62 Proposed Project Components of Fisheries Collection/ Packing Centre
(Facility) (Floor area)Collection/Packing Center 240m2 Structure : RC Fish shed For Unloading / Sorting / Washing /Packing /
Loading Storage room Included ice and fish storage Office Reception, manager’s room and officeToilet 30m2 Structure : RCGuard box 2.25m2 Structure : RCGarbage stock yard 8m2 Structure : RCWater reservoir tank 8m2 Structure : RCElevated water tank 2m2 Structure : RCElectricity power station 4m2 Structure : RCWasted water treatment plant 30m2 Structure : RCStreet lights 10Fence and gate 200mWell 1
Asphalt pavement area 1,000m2
Pilot fish pond 10ha
(Equipment) (Quqntity)Truck 1 1unit, 5tonTractor 1 1Motorcycle 3Cold storage 1 Prefabricated
Included refrigerator (2.2kw)Ice storage 1 Prefabricated
Included refrigerator (5.5kw)Generator 1 40KVABalance 2Water pump 5Plastic fish box 200Plastic insulated box 5Fishing gear 1 unitTel/facsimile machine 1Computer 2 set
Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-53
Table 9-63 Proposed Project Components of Sanitary Control for Livestock Products
(Facility) (Floor area)Main Laboratory Building 646m2 (1F) +
646m2 (2F)2-storiesStructure : RC
Technology Building 471m2 (1F) +450m2 (2F)
2-storiesStructure : RC
Water reservoir tank 8m2 Structure : RCElevated water tank 4m2 Structure : RCWasted water treatment plant 50m2 Structure : RC
Asphalt pavement area 1,000m2
(Equipment) (Quantity)Gas chromatography 1High performance liquid chromatography 1Automatic amino acid analyzer 1Spectrophotometer 2Foyer transform infra-red spectrophotometer 1Automatic protein analyzer 1Automatic absorption spectrophotometer 1Inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer 1Electron spin resonance spectrophotometer 1Phase contrast microscope 2Electron microscope 1Ordinary microscope 3Near infra red spectrophotometer 1Germanium semi-conductor detector 1UV spectrophotometer 1Vacuum oven 40-240C 1Electric muffle furnace, max 1150C 1Water bath controller system 1Rotary evaporator 1Multi frame centrifuge, accessories 1Magnetic stirrer 2Electronic analytical balance 2Portable balance 2Magnetic stirrer 2Kjeldahl distillation unit 1Extraction apparatus, socket 1Stainless anti-vibrating table 1Refrigerator 2Low temperature freezer 2Water purification apparatus 1Ion chromatograph 1Sampling goods, automobile, clothing for freezing, others.Material of sampling, safety glasses, dust protection mask.Others.For analysis matter, chloride detector, can seamier, othersPhotographic apparatus, developing unit, others.
Source: JICA Study Team, 2000
T-54
Table 10-1 Project Cost for New Wholesale Market in Kathmandu (Site A)
No. Items (US$)1 Land Preparation Cost 1,050,0002 Infrastructure Extension cost 530,0003 Building Construction Cost
(1) Building Works Direct Construction CostB-1 Marketing Hall - 1 4,248,500B-2 Marketing Hall - 2 1,961,800B-3 Administration & Training Center 338,000B-4 Pilot Project Building 77,500B-5 Electric Power Station 36,000B-6 City Water Reservoir / Elevated Water Tank 75,000- Canteen/ Others 100,000- Sub-total 6,836,800
(2) External Works 720,000(3) Main Line of Infrastructure on the Site 150,000(4) Equipment 400,800Total Cost 8,107,600(5) Overhead and Profit 1,621,520(6) Consulting service fee 648,600(7) Grand Total Cost for Building Construction 10,377,720
Grand Total Cost (US$) 11,957,720
Table 10-2 Project Cost for New Wholesale Market in Kathmandu (Site B)
No. Items ( US$ )1 Land Preparation_Cost 1,050,0002 Infrastructure Extension cost 530,0003 Building Construction Cost
(1) Building Works Direct Construction CostB-1 Marketing Hall - 1 4,004,760B-2 Marketing Hall - 2 1,967,580B-3 Administration & Training Center 338,000B-4 Pilot Project 77,500B-5 Electric Power Station 36,000B-6 City Water Reservoir / Elevated Water Tank 75,000
- Canteen/ Others 78,000- Sub-total 6,576,840
(2) External Works 720,000(3) Main Line of Infrastructure on the Site 150,000(4) Equipment 400,800Total Cost 7,847,640(5) Overhead and Profit 1,569,500(6) Consulting service fee 627,810(7) Grand Total Cost for Building Construction 10,044,950
Grand Total Cost (US$) 11,624,950
T-55
Table 10-3 Project Cost for New Wholesale Market in Biratnagar
No. Items ( US$ )1 Land Preparation Cost 378,0002 Infrastructure Extension cost 189,5003 Building Construction Cost
(1) Building Works Direct Construction CostB-1 Marketing Hall (vegetable) 624,000B-2 Marketing Hall(fruits) 144,000B-3 Administration & Training Center 390,600B-4 Security/Canteen 42,000B-5 Electric Sub-Station 33,900B-6 City Water Reservoir / Elevated Water Tank 50,000- Others 70,000- Sub-total 1,354,500
(2) External Works 280,000(3) Main Line of Infrastructure on the Site 100,000(4) Equipment 250,000Total Cost 1,984,500(5) Overhead and Profit 496,100(6) Consulting service fee 420,000(7) Grand Total Cost for Building Construction 2,900,600
Grand Total Cost 3,468,100
T-56
Table 10-4 Project Cost for Collection Centres in Central Region
District (US$)MankawanpurFacility 287,650Equipment 469,800Sub-Total 757,450Overhead and Profit 151,490Consulting service fee 60,600Total Cost 969,540
KavreFacility 287,650Equipment 469,800Sub-Total 757,450Overhead and Profit 151,490Consulting service fee 60,600Total Cost 969,540
ChitwanFacility 287,650Equipment 469,800Sub-Total 757,450Overhead and Profit 151,490Consulting service fee 60,600Grand Total Cost 969,540
NuwakotFacility 287,650Equipment 469,800Sub-Total 757,450Overhead and Profit 151,490Consulting service fee 60,600Total Cost 969,540
DhadingFacility 287,650Equipment 469,800Sub-Total 757,450Overhead and Profit 151,490Consulting service fee 60,600Total Cost 969,540
T-57
Table 10-5 Project Cost for Collection Centres in Eastern Region
District (US$)JhapaFacility 287,650Equipment 469,800Sub-Total 757,450Overhead and Profit 151,490Consulting service fee 60,600Total Cost 969,540
DhankutaFacility 287,650Equipment 469,800Sub-Total 757,450Overhead and Profit 151,490Consulting service fee 60,600Total Cost 969,540
SunsariFacility 287,650Equipment 469,800Sub-Total 757,450Overhead and Profit 151,490Consulting service fee 60,600Total Cost 969,540
MorangFacility 287,650Equipment 469,800Sub-Total 757,450Overhead and Profit 151,490Consulting service fee 60,600Total Cost 969,540
T-58
Table 10-6 Project Cost for Livestock Marketing System
Item (US$)Belbari marketFacilities/ Equipment 181,200Improve. Access Road 17,600Total 198,800Ramawapur marketFacilities/ Equipment 607,400Improve. Access Road 281,100Total 888,500Mahadevstan marketFacilities/ Equipment 595,900Improve. Access Road 84,500Total 680,400
Collection CenterFacilities/ Equipment 517,200Improve. Access RoadTotal 517,200
Project Cost for Slaughter housePlace (US$)Balambu 689,200Thankot 91,900
Table 10-7 Project Cost for Fish Marketing System
Place (US$)Facilities 297,500Equipment 101,000Total 398,500
Table 10-8 Project Cost for Sanitary Control System
Place (US$)Facilities 272,000Equipment 2,608,700Total 2,880,000
Tab
le 1
1-1
B
enef
its
of D
evel
opm
ent
of t
he I
nteg
rate
d H
orti
cult
ure
Mar
keti
ng S
yste
m i
n th
e C
entr
al R
egio
n an
d E
aste
rn R
egio
n
Ben
efit
Des
crip
tion
Ben
efic
iary
Tim
e / c
ost s
avin
gs (
Who
lesa
leM
arke
t com
pone
nt)
(C
olle
ctio
n C
entr
e co
mpo
nent
s
• D
ue to
the
city
tim
e en
try
rest
rict
ion,
truc
ks a
re n
ot a
ble
to e
nter
the
pres
ent K
alim
ati W
hole
sale
Mar
ket d
urin
g th
e da
y-tim
e/ p
eak
hour
s. W
ith th
e ne
w w
hole
sale
mar
ket l
ocat
ed o
utsi
de th
e ri
ngro
ad, t
here
will
be
no s
uch
time
entr
y re
stri
ctio
n w
hich
will
hav
e a
maj
or im
pact
on
the
time/
cos
tsa
ving
s of
tran
spor
ters
, who
lesa
lers
, tra
ders
and
far
mer
s.•
Gud
ri m
arke
t in
Bir
atna
gar
rest
rict
s tr
uck
mov
emen
t. T
he n
ew w
hole
sale
mar
ket w
ill r
emov
e th
isre
stri
ctio
n an
d al
so f
ree
flow
of
prod
uce
in a
nd o
ut o
f th
e m
arke
t.•
Am
ple
truc
k be
rth
in th
e m
arke
t will
mea
n fa
ster
truc
k tu
rn a
roun
d tim
e, le
ss c
onge
stio
n, b
ette
rpr
oduc
e m
ovem
ent w
ithin
the
mar
ket,
and
time
savi
ngs.
• W
ith th
e co
nstr
uctio
n of
the
Col
lect
ion
cent
res,
far
mer
s w
ill s
ave
time
trek
king
to th
e co
llect
ion
poin
ts a
s th
e co
llect
ion
cent
res
will
be
stra
tegi
cally
loca
ted
to b
enef
it th
e fa
rmer
s in
the
prod
uctio
npo
cket
.
farm
ers,
wom
en tr
ader
s,tr
ader
s, r
etai
lers
,co
nsum
ers,
tran
spor
ters
and
expo
rter
s
Red
uctio
n of
qua
ntity
/ qu
ality
los
s(W
hole
sale
Mar
ket &
Col
lect
ion
Cen
tre
com
pone
nts)
• T
imel
y tr
ansp
ort i
nto/
out
of
the
new
mar
ket a
nd a
mpl
e tr
uck
park
ing/
unl
oadi
ng b
erth
will
mea
ngr
eate
r ef
fici
ently
in u
nloa
ding
/ loa
ding
pro
duce
lead
ing
to r
educ
tion
of q
uant
ity/ q
ualit
y lo
ss o
fpr
oduc
e.•
Mor
e sh
aded
sto
rage
& c
old
stor
age
spac
e w
ill r
educ
e qu
antit
y/ q
ualit
y lo
ss.
• R
egul
ar c
olle
ctio
n an
d m
arke
ting
sche
dule
fro
m th
e co
llect
ion
cent
res
will
ens
ure
timel
y sa
les
&tr
ansp
ort o
f th
e pr
oduc
e to
the
who
lesa
le m
arke
ts r
educ
ing
quan
tity/
qua
lity
loss
.•
Intr
oduc
tion
of b
ette
r ha
ndlin
g an
d pa
ckag
ing
of p
rodu
ce a
t the
col
lect
ion
cent
res
will
als
o re
duce
quan
tity
/ qu
alit
y lo
ss.
farm
ers,
wom
en tr
ader
s,tr
ader
s, r
etai
lers
,co
nsum
ers,
and
exp
orte
rs
Red
uced
tran
sact
ion
time
and
cost
(Col
lect
ion
Cen
tre
com
pone
nts)
• W
ith th
e bu
lk c
olle
ctio
n, tr
ader
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
eff
ectiv
ely
arra
nge
tran
spor
t and
mar
ketin
g of
prod
uce.
• T
ruck
trip
s w
ill b
e re
duce
due
to b
ette
r bu
lk tr
ansp
ort a
rran
gem
ent p
ossi
ble
at th
e co
llect
ion
cent
res.
Stab
le s
uppl
y an
d pr
ice
adju
stm
ent
(Col
lect
ion
Cen
tre
com
pone
nts)
• W
ith a
n ef
fici
ent m
arke
t inf
orm
atio
n sy
stem
, far
mer
s w
ill b
e be
tter
info
rmed
on
the
pric
e an
d su
pply
situ
atio
n th
us le
adin
g to
mor
e st
able
sup
ply
and
pric
es.
farm
ers,
sm
all-
scal
e w
omen
trad
ers
Incr
ease
sup
ply
of h
igh
qual
ity /o
ff-
seas
on p
rodu
cts
(sal
es to
Kat
hman
du, o
r fo
r ex
port
fro
mB
irat
naga
r)
• T
he n
ew m
arke
t will
fac
ilita
te th
e ef
fect
ed c
olle
ctio
n &
mar
ketin
g of
hig
h qu
ality
/off
-sea
son
prod
ucts
.fa
rmer
s, w
omen
trad
ers,
trad
ers,
ret
aile
rs,
cons
umer
s, tr
ansp
orte
rsan
d ex
port
ers
Prod
uctio
n in
crea
se•
A m
ore
effi
cien
t mar
ketin
g sy
stem
to in
crea
se f
arm
er’s
inco
me
will
enc
oura
ge g
reat
er p
rodu
ctio
n an
dm
arke
ting
of p
rodu
ce.
farm
ers,
wom
en tr
ader
s,tr
ader
s, r
etai
lers
,co
nsum
ers,
tran
spor
ters
and
expo
rter
sT
rain
ing
faci
litie
s in
Kat
hman
du n
eww
hole
sale
mar
ket
• T
he n
ew m
arke
t will
hav
e tr
aini
ng f
acili
ties
to u
pgra
de th
e sk
ills
of th
e fa
rmer
s, w
omen
gro
ups,
trad
ers
and
expo
rter
s to
impr
ove
thei
r co
mpe
titiv
enes
s.fa
rmer
s, w
omen
trad
ers,
trad
ers,
ret
aile
rs,
cons
umer
s, a
nd e
xpor
ters
Oth
er B
enef
its•
The
tran
sfer
of
som
e of
the
who
lesa
le a
ctiv
ities
fro
m th
e pr
esen
t who
lesa
le m
arke
t (K
alim
ati o
rB
irat
anag
ar G
udri
Tra
ditio
nal M
arke
t) w
ill r
educ
e co
nges
tion
in th
e ar
ea, i
mpr
ove
sani
tatio
n in
the
mar
ket,
faci
litat
e/ e
ncou
rage
ret
ailin
g ac
tiviti
es a
nd b
ette
r m
arke
ting
linka
ge w
ith th
e ne
w w
hole
sale
mar
ket,
colle
ctio
n ce
ntre
s an
d pr
oduc
tion
area
s.
farm
ers,
wom
en tr
ader
s,tr
ader
s, r
etai
lers
,co
nsum
ers,
tran
spor
ters
T-60
Table 11-2 Benefits of Construction of slaughter slabs for livestock
Benefit Description BeneficiaryImproveslaughteringconditions oflivestock
• The slaughtering slab will provide a sanitary workenvironment that can be easily cleaned andmaintained.
• Better handling/ management of the blood andwaste products from the slaughter will improve thepresent slaughter areas (riverside and river)condition.
Consumers and butchers
Improveenvironment in andaround the retailmarket
• The improvement in the slaughter area will impacton the surrounding areas in terms of odour, sight,pollution and reduction of pest, etc.
Consumers and butchers
Improve sellingcondition of meats
• With improved sanitation and better handling,contamination of the meat will be reduced leadingto better selling condition of the meat.
Consumers and butchers
Contribute to supplyhygienic meats to acertain extent
• With better slaughtering condition, meat from theslaughter area will be in better condition with lesscontamination/ health risk, thus contributing tomore hygienic meat at the retail end.
Consumers and butchers
Other Benefits • Improvement in the riverside and river conditionwhere the present slaughtering is taking place willresult from better waste management at theslaughter area.
• Health risk/ epidemic from contaminated meat as aconsequence of unsanitary slaughtering will bereduced.
Consumers and butchers
Table 11-3 Benefits of Construction of livestock markets
Benefit Description BeneficiaryTime / cost savings • Improvement in the market facilities &
provision of ample space will maketransportation/ movement of livestock moreefficient, faster truck turn around time, lesscongestion, leading to time / cost savings.
farmers, traders, retailers,transporters and exporters
Reduction ofquantity/ qualityloss
• Timely transport into/ out of the new marketand ample space will mean greater efficiently inunloading/ loading produce leading to reductionof weight loss of livestock.
farmers, traders, traders,retailers, consumers, andexporters
Stable supply andprice adjustment
• With an efficient market information system,farmers will be better informed on the price andsupply situation thus leading to more stablesupply and prices.
farmers, small-scale womentraders
Improveenvironment in andaround the market
• The improvement in the physical market areaand market management will impact on thesurrounding areas in terms of odour, sight,pollution and reduction of pest, etc.
• The market facilities will provide betterholding/ staying conditions for livestock.
farmers, traders, traders,retailers, consumers, andexporters
Other Benefits • The market will encourage the farmer’s andtrader’s marketing activities.
• Health risk/ epidemic from contaminated meatwill be reduced.
farmers, traders, traders,retailers, consumers, andexporters
T-61
Table 11-4 Benefits of Establishing of sustainable and efficient fishdistribution chain in Central and Eastern region
Benefit Description BeneficiaryEffective utilizationof fish pond withhigher productivity
• Increase of incomes for fish farmers, traders isexpected with higher production.
• Nutritional benefit: increase of homeconsumption of fish improves the nutritionalcondition of poor farmer, and provide a cheapersource of protein for consumers.
Fish farmer, fish trader andconsumers
Nutritional benefit • With more fish production, increased fishsupply will increase home consumption of fishthereby improving the nutritional condition ofpoor farmer and provide a cheaper source ofprotein for consumers.
Fish farmer and consumers
Reduction of thequality / quantitylosses duringmarket chain
• With more effective marketing and storagefacilities for fish, quality/ quantity loss will bereduced.
Fish farmer, fish trader andconsumers
Reduction oftransaction cost andtime saving
• Development of a more effective marketingnetwork is expected to reduce transaction costand time savings.
Fish farmer, fish trader andconsumers
Increase of incomes • With the diversification into fish farming inaddition to their existing agriculture activities,the small farmers are expected to have increaseincome from the sales of fish
Fish farmers in the ruralcommunity
Other Benefits • Better utilization of available water resourcesand reducing the exploitation pressure on thewildlife reserve.
• Import substitution of Indian fish• Enhancing the ability of FDD staff to establish
an effective planning of swamp development.• Diversification into fish farming will reduce
financial risk of farmers from crop failure.
FDD, Fish farmer andconsumers
Table 11-5 Physical Life, Depreciation, and Maintenance of Project Components at Central Region
New Wholesale MarketFacilities & Equipment Physical Life Maintenance Total Cost Depreciation Maintenance Reinvestment Cost
(years) ratio (%) 5 yr 10 yr 15 yr 20 yr1. Buildings 25 0.5% 7,706,800 308,272 19,2672. Equipment 10 5.0% 400,800 40,080 10,020 200,400 200,400Total Cost 8,107,600 348,352 29,287 0 200,400 0 200,400Remarks:1. Maintenance & reinvestment cost of building and equipment undertaken by local contractors at local rates.2. Depreciation & maintenance calculated on direct construction cost only.
Direct Construction Cost of WSMBuilding total 7,706,800Equipment total 400,800
8,107,600
Collection and Distribution CentersFacilities & Equipment Physical Life Maintenance Total Cost Depreciation Maintenance
(years) ratio (%) 5 yr 10 yr 15 yr 20 yr1. Buildings & pavement 25 0.5% 287,650 11,506 7192. Equipment - Crates, pallet, etc 5 1.0% 20,000 4,000 100 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 - Vehicle (pick up truck) 10 5.0% 25,000 2,500 625 12,500 12,500 - Pre-cooling equipment 15 3.0% 420,000 28,000 6,300 210,000 - Office, weighing equipm 10 5.0% 4,800 480 120 2,400 2,400Total Cost for one collection centre 757,450 46,486 7,864 10,000 24,900 220,000 24,900Total Cost for all 5 collection centres 3,787,250 232,430 39,321 50,000 124,500 1,100,000 124,500Remarks:1. Maintenance & reinvestment cost of building and equipment undertaken by local contractors at local rates.2. Depreciation & maintenance calculated on direct construction cost only.
Direct Construction Cost of each CCBuilding total 287,650Equipment total 469,800
757,450
Reinvestment Cost
Table 11-6 Benefits of New Wholesale Market and 5 Collection Centers at Central Region
1. City Entry Time RestrictionNo. of trucks having to wait for nightime to enter city limits per day = 1Average waiting time lost due to this restriction (hr) = 40pportunity cost of big truck (8 tons) use (Rs/hr) = 1000Total benefit of entry at any time to NWM per day = A.B.CBenefit per day (Rs) = Rs 4,000Benefit per year (Rs) = Rs 1,460,000Benefit per year (US$) = $19,743
2. Reduced quantity/ quality loss (faster, better handling, packing, storage, etc)Existing quantity losses at wholesale markets due to congestion, handling, storage, etc 3%Without project losses in 2004 from 120,000t handled by Kathmandu markets (t) = 3,600With project losses reduction at 50%, volume saved (t) = 1,800Benefit of quantity loss reduction in 2004 (Rs) = Rs 20,862,000Benefit of quantity loss reduction in 2004 (US$) = $282,110Without project quality losses in 2004 = 5%With project losses reduction at 50%, quality saved (Rs) = 34,770,000Benefit of quality loss reduction in 2004 (US$) = $470,183Total Benefits of Quantity & Quality saved = $752,292
At 2015, quantity losses without project = 5%Without project losses in 2015 from 188,000t handled by Kathmandu markets (t) = 9,400With project losses reduction, 50% (t) = 4,700Benefit of quantity loss reduction in 2015 (Rs) = Rs 54,473,000Benefit of quantity loss reduction in 2015 (US$) = $736,619Without project quality losses in 2010 = 7%With project losses reduction at 50%, quality saved (Rs) = 76,262,200Benefit of quality loss reduction in 2015 (US$) = $1,031,267Total Benefits of Quantity & Quality saved = $1,767,886
3. Time and Cost savings from more efficient marketing systemNo. of farmers affected = 500No. of hours per day saved per farmer with project = 1Total hours saved per day = 500Total hours saved for 300 marketing days = 150,000Opportunity cost of farmers per day = Rs 5Total Benefit for 1 Collection Centre = Rs 750,000Total Benefit (US$) for all 5 Collection Centres = $50,710
4. Reduced quantity lossPost-harvest loss reduction for potato = 3%Post-harvest loss reduction for fruits = 15%Post-harvest loss reduction for vegetables = 10%Av. quantity loss reduced for potato (ton) = 67Av. quantity loss reduced for fruits (ton) = 324Av. quantity loss reduced for vegetables (ton) = 312Total quantity loss reduction (ton) = 703Total Benefit for 1 Collection Centre = Rs 1,628,627Total Benefit (US$) for all 5 Collection Centres = $110,117
5. Quality Loss ReductionValue of wholesale price for quality loss reduction = 3%Av. handling vol. of potato (ton) = 2,220Av. handling vol. of fruits (ton) = 2,160Av. handling vol. of vegetables (ton) = 3,120Total.av. handling vol.(ton) 7,500Benefit of quality reduction for 1 Collection Centre = Rs 2,607,750Benefit of quality reduction (US$) for all 5 Collection Centres = $176,318
6. Transaction Time and Cost savingsTruck (6T) trips per year from CC = 1,250Truck trips saved with project = 25%Benefits from truck trips saved = Rs 1,875,000Traders time(hr) saved per day = 2No. of traders per CC = 20Traders time (hr) saved per year with project = 12,000Benefits from traders time saved for 1 Collection Centre = Rs 600,000Total Benefits of better transaction system for 1 Collection Centre = Rs 2,475,000Total Benefits of better transaction system for all 5 Collection Centre = $167,343
T-63
Table 11-7 Annual Operation Cost of New Wholesale Market at Kathmandu and 5 Collection Centres, Central Region
Annual Operating Cost of New Wholesale MarketNumber of Personnel and Annual CostPosition Status Unit Salary Annual Salary Total Annual Total Annual
Permanent Contract Permanent Contract Permanent Contract Salary (Rs) Salary (US$)Market manager 1 15,000 180,000 180,000 2,434Assist.Manager 1 12,000 144,000 144,000 1,947Administration chief 1 10,000 120,000 120,000 1,623Personnel 1 1 8,000 5,000 96,000 60,000 156,000 2,110Security 2 6 8,000 6,000 192,000 432,000 624,000 8,438Transport 1 4,000 48,000 48,000 649Telephone 2 4,000 96,000 96,000 1,298Account chief 1 10,000 120,000 120,000 1,623Fee collector 4 7,000 336,000 336,000 4,544Market operation chief 1 10,000 120,000 120,000 1,623Wholesale market operation 3 6,000 216,000 216,000 2,921Farmers market operation 2 6,000 144,000 144,000 1,947Entrance gate managemen 3 3 8,000 5,000 288,000 180,000 468,000 6,329Repair/Maintenance 2 4,000 96,000 96,000 1,298Parking management 1 5,000 60,000 60,000 811Auction management 1 7,000 84,000 84,000 1,136Weighing/Quality/Packing 1 2 7,000 5,000 84,000 120,000 204,000 2,759Legal section 1 8,000 96,000 96,000 1,298Planning 1 8,000 96,000 96,000 1,298Market information 1 3 10,000 6,000 120,000 216,000 336,000 4,544Total 20 26 128,000 56,000 2,076,000 1,668,000 3,744,000 50,629 A
Electricity charges per year Rs 956,112 $12,929Water charges per year Rs 368,240 $4,980Telephone charges per year Rs 161,280 $2,181Vehicle Fuel expenses per year Rs 274,800 $3,716Gas expenses per year Rs 15,120 $204Office expenses per year Rs 120,000 $1,623Total $25,633 B
Total Annual Operation Cost of WSM (A+B) $76,262
Annual Operating Cost of All 5 Collection Centres in Central RegionRs US$
Personnel Expenses per year Rs 1,890,000 $25,558Fuel Consumption Rs 793,776 $10,734Power Consumption Rs 2,430,000 $32,860Office Expenses Rs 600,000 $8,114Repair Cost Rs 600,000 $8,114Total Annual Operation Cost of 5 CC $85,379
Total Annual Operation Cost of WSM and 5 CC $161,641
T-64
and 5 Collection Centers in Central RegionUnit: US$
Investment O/M Cost Benefits Net Benefit
2003 13,702,878 -13,702,8782004 207,223 1,276,523 1,069,3002005 207,223 1,368,850 1,161,6262006 207,223 1,461,177 1,253,9532007 207,223 1,553,503 1,346,2802008 207,223 1,645,830 1,438,6072009 207,223 1,738,157 1,530,9332010 207,223 1,830,484 1,623,2602011 207,223 1,922,810 1,715,5872012 207,223 2,015,137 1,807,9142013 207,223 2,107,464 1,900,2402014 207,223 2,199,791 1,992,5672015 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,8942016 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,8942017 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,8942018 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,8942019 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,8942020 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,8942021 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,8942022 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,8942023 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894
EIRR = 9.9%
Table 11-8 Economic Evaluation of New Wholesale Market
T-65
Table 11-9 Economic Sensitivity Analysis for New Wholesale Market and 5 CC, Central Region
Sensitivity Analysis, Case 1 Sensitivity Analysis, Case 2±Investment Cost +10%, Benefit 0% Unit: US$ ±Investment Cost 0%, Benefit +10% Unit: US$
Investment O/M Cost Benefits Net Benefit Investment O/M Cost Benefits Net Benefit
2003 15,073,166 -15,073,166 2003 13,702,878 -13,702,8782004 207,223 1,276,523 1,069,300 2004 207,223 1,404,175 1,196,9522005 207,223 1,368,850 1,161,626 2005 207,223 1,505,735 1,298,5112006 207,223 1,461,177 1,253,953 2006 207,223 1,607,294 1,400,0712007 207,223 1,553,503 1,346,280 2007 207,223 1,708,854 1,501,6302008 207,223 1,645,830 1,438,607 2008 207,223 1,810,413 1,603,1902009 207,223 1,738,157 1,530,933 2009 207,223 1,911,973 1,704,7492010 207,223 1,830,484 1,623,260 2010 207,223 2,013,532 1,806,3092011 207,223 1,922,810 1,715,587 2011 207,223 2,115,091 1,907,8682012 207,223 2,015,137 1,807,914 2012 207,223 2,216,651 2,009,4272013 207,223 2,107,464 1,900,240 2013 207,223 2,318,210 2,110,9872014 207,223 2,199,791 1,992,567 2014 207,223 2,419,770 2,212,5462015 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2015 207,223 2,521,329 2,314,1062016 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2016 207,223 2,521,329 2,314,1062017 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2017 207,223 2,521,329 2,314,1062018 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2018 207,223 2,521,329 2,314,1062019 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2019 207,223 2,521,329 2,314,1062020 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2020 207,223 2,521,329 2,314,1062021 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2021 207,223 2,521,329 2,314,1062022 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2022 207,223 2,521,329 2,314,1062023 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2023 207,223 2,521,329 2,314,106
ition). EIRR = 8.7% EIRR = 11.3%NPV = 7,780,794 NPV = 11,596,592
Sensitivity Analysis, Case 3 Sensitivity Analysis, Case 4±Investment Cost -10%, Benefit 0% Unit: US$ ±Investment Cost 0%, Benefit -10% Unit: US$
Investment O/M Cost Benefits Net Benefit Investment O/M Cost Benefits Net Benefit
2003 12,332,590 -12,332,590 2003 13,702,878 -13,702,8782004 207,223 1,276,523 1,069,300 2004 207,223 1,148,871 941,6472005 207,223 1,368,850 1,161,626 2005 207,223 1,231,965 1,024,741
2006 207,223 1,461,177 1,253,953 2006 207,223 1,315,059 1,107,8352007 207,223 1,553,503 1,346,280 2007 207,223 1,398,153 1,190,9302008 207,223 1,645,830 1,438,607 2008 207,223 1,481,247 1,274,0242009 207,223 1,738,157 1,530,933 2009 207,223 1,564,341 1,357,118
2010 207,223 1,830,484 1,623,260 2010 207,223 1,647,435 1,440,2122011 207,223 1,922,810 1,715,587 2011 207,223 1,730,529 1,523,3062012 207,223 2,015,137 1,807,914 2012 207,223 1,813,623 1,606,4002013 207,223 2,107,464 1,900,240 2013 207,223 1,896,718 1,689,4942014 207,223 2,199,791 1,992,567 2014 207,223 1,979,812 1,772,5882015 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2015 207,223 2,062,906 1,855,6822016 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2016 207,223 2,062,906 1,855,6822017 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2017 207,223 2,062,906 1,855,6822018 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2018 207,223 2,062,906 1,855,6822019 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2019 207,223 2,062,906 1,855,6822020 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2020 207,223 2,062,906 1,855,6822021 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2021 207,223 2,062,906 1,855,6822022 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2022 207,223 2,062,906 1,855,6822023 207,223 2,292,117 2,084,894 2023 207,223 2,062,906 1,855,682
EIRR = 11.3% EIRR = 8.4%
T-66
Tab
le 1
1-10
A
nnua
l Rev
enue
of
New
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t an
d 5
Col
lect
ion
Cen
tres
in C
entr
al R
egio
n
Ann
ual R
even
ue o
f N
ew W
hole
sale
Mar
ket
at C
entr
al R
egio
nU
S$1.
Mar
ketin
g fe
e of
tran
sact
ion
amou
nt @
1%20
04, A
nnua
l Tra
nsac
tion
Vol
ume
=12
0,00
0t
Tra
nsac
tion
amou
nt (
@R
s11.
59/k
g) =
Rs
1,39
0,80
0,00
01%
of
tran
sact
ion
amou
nt a
t 200
4 =
Rs
13,9
08,0
00$1
88,0
7320
10, A
nnua
l Tra
nsac
tion
Vol
ume
=14
0,00
0t
Tra
nsac
tion
am
ount
(@
Rs1
1.59
/kg)
=R
s 1,
622,
600,
000
1% o
f tra
nsac
tion
am
ount
at 2
010
=R
s 16
,226
,000
$219
,419
2. R
egis
trat
ion
fee
per
year
@R
s 40
0N
o. o
f ve
geta
ble
who
lesa
lers
=20
0N
o. o
f fr
uit w
hole
sale
rs =
50T
otal
Reg
istr
atio
n fe
e co
llect
able
=R
s 10
0,00
0$1
,352
3. S
tall
rent
al (
per
sq.f
t per
mon
th)
@R
s 10
200
stal
ls f
or v
eget
able
@ 2
00 s
q.ft
=R
s 4,
800,
000
$64,
909
50 s
talls
for
veg
etab
le @
300
sq.
ft=
Rs
1,80
0,00
0$2
4,34
1C
ante
en r
enta
l @R
s15,
000/
mth
Rs
180,
000
$2,4
34
4. E
ntry
/ Par
king
fee
No.
of
big
truc
ks e
nter
ing
per
year
=7,
300
No.
of
smal
l tru
cks
ente
ring
per
yea
r =
13,5
05N
o. o
f ot
her
vehi
cles
ent
erin
g pe
r ye
ar =
70,4
45Fe
e fr
om b
ig tr
ucks
(@
Rs6
0) =
438,
000
Fee
from
sm
all t
ruck
s (@
Rs3
5) =
472,
675
Fee
from
oth
er v
ehic
les
(@R
s15)
=1,
056,
675
Tot
al e
ntry
/par
king
fee
=1,
967,
350
$26,
604
Tot
al A
nnua
l Rev
enue
of
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t (20
04)
=$3
07,7
13T
otal
Ann
ual R
even
ue o
f Who
lesa
le M
arke
t (20
10)
=$3
39,0
58
Ann
ual R
even
ue o
f C
olle
ctio
n C
entr
es a
t C
entr
al R
egio
n
Ave
rage
Ann
ual H
andl
ing
Vol
ume
and
Am
ount
at C
.C.
Uni
t: M
T, R
s
Vol
ume
(t)
Am
ount
(R
s)V
olum
e (t
)A
mou
nt (
Rs)
Vol
ume
(t)
Am
ount
(R
s)V
olum
e (t
)A
mou
nt (
Rs)
Am
ount
(U
S$)
1.D
aman
3,60
041
,616
,000
900
12,6
06,0
003,
000
53,8
08,0
007,
500
108,
030,
000
1,46
0,85
22.
Pana
uti
3,00
035
,016
,000
2,10
030
,162
,000
2,40
043
,920
,000
7,50
010
9,09
8,00
01,
475,
294
3.B
hand
ara
1,50
017
,376
,699
2,40
033
,686
,400
3,60
064
,536
,000
7,50
011
5,59
9,09
91,
563,
206
4.K
akan
i1,
500
17,2
89,0
003,
000
43,1
64,0
003,
000
54,8
16,0
007,
500
115,
269,
000
1,55
8,74
25.
Chh
adea
ural
i1,
500
17,2
89,0
002,
400
38,7
42,0
003,
600
65,7
12,0
007,
500
121,
743,
000
1,64
6,28
8T
otal
11,1
0012
8,58
6,69
910
,800
158,
360,
400
15,6
0028
2,79
2,00
037
,500
569,
739,
099
7,70
4,38
3R
emar
ks:
1. D
irec
t sal
es to
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t: tr
ansa
ctio
n pr
ice
for
Pota
to =
Rs1
2.11
/kg,
Fru
its =
Rs1
4.74
/kg,
Veg
etab
les
= R
s18.
72/k
g2.
Sal
es to
Tra
der/
loca
l bro
kers
at C
C: t
rans
actio
n pr
ice
for
Pota
to =
Rs1
1.38
/kg,
Fru
its =
Rs1
3.86
/kg,
Veg
etab
les
= R
s17.
60/k
g3.
Dir
ect s
ales
to N
eigh
bori
ng C
ount
ries
fro
m C
C: t
rans
actio
n pr
ice
for
Pota
to =
Rs1
2.11
/kg,
Fru
its =
Rs1
4.74
/kg,
Veg
etab
les
= R
s18.
72/k
g4.
Dir
ect s
ales
to tr
avel
er/lo
cal p
eopl
e at
CC
: tra
nsac
tion
pric
e fo
r Po
tato
= R
s11.
38/k
g, F
ruits
= R
s13.
86/k
g, V
eget
able
s =
Rs1
7.60
/kg
A.
Tot
al A
nnua
l Rev
enue
of
all 5
CC
@7%
of
hand
ling
amou
nt =
$539
,307
B.
Rev
enue
fro
m f
arm
inpu
t han
dlin
g ch
arge
=R
s 29
6,25
0$4
,006
Tot
al A
nnua
l Rev
enue
of
all 5
CC
(A
+B
) =
$543
,313
Pota
toFr
uit
Veg
etab
leT
otal
Tab
le 1
1-11
I
ncom
e St
atem
ent
and
Cas
h F
low
for
New
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t an
d al
l 5 C
olle
ctio
n C
ente
rs in
Cen
tral
Reg
ion
Uni
t: U
S$1
23
45
67
89
1011
12I
Inco
me
Stat
emen
t20
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
1120
1220
1320
1420
15A
. Rev
enue
851,
026
856,
250
861,
474
866,
698
871,
923
877,
147
882,
371
882,
371
882,
371
882,
371
882,
371
882,
371
1)
Rev
enue
fro
m m
arke
t & 5
CC
851,
026
856,
250
861,
474
866,
698
871,
923
877,
147
882,
371
882,
371
882,
371
882,
371
882,
371
882,
371
B. E
xpen
se81
1,03
081
1,03
081
1,03
081
1,03
081
1,03
081
1,03
081
1,03
081
1,03
081
1,03
081
1,03
081
1,03
081
1,03
0 1
) O
pera
tion
161,
641
161,
641
161,
641
161,
641
161,
641
161,
641
161,
641
161,
641
161,
641
161,
641
161,
641
161,
641
2)
Mai
nten
ance
68,6
0868
,608
68,6
0868
,608
68,6
0868
,608
68,6
0868
,608
68,6
0868
,608
68,6
0868
,608
3)
Dep
reci
atio
n58
0,78
258
0,78
258
0,78
258
0,78
258
0,78
258
0,78
258
0,78
258
0,78
258
0,78
258
0,78
258
0,78
258
0,78
2 4
) 5
) In
tere
stC
. Inc
ome
befo
re D
epr.
&In
tere
st62
0,77
762
6,00
163
1,22
663
6,45
064
1,67
464
6,89
865
2,12
365
2,12
365
2,12
365
2,12
365
2,12
365
2,12
3D
. Net
Inc
ome
39,9
9545
,219
50,4
4455
,668
60,8
9266
,116
71,3
4171
,341
71,3
4171
,341
71,3
4171
,341
IIC
ash
Flo
wA
. Sou
rce
of F
unds
15,2
25,4
2062
0,77
762
6,00
163
1,22
663
6,45
064
1,67
464
6,89
865
2,12
365
2,12
365
2,12
365
2,12
365
2,12
365
2,12
3
1) G
over
nmen
t15
,225
,420
2)
Loa
n
3) O
wn
equi
ty
4) D
epre
ciat
ion
580,
782
580,
782
580,
782
580,
782
580,
782
580,
782
580,
782
580,
782
580,
782
580,
782
580,
782
580,
782
5)
Net
inco
me
39,9
9545
,219
50,4
4455
,668
60,8
9266
,116
71,3
4171
,341
71,3
4171
,341
71,3
4171
,341
B. U
ses
of F
unds
15,2
25,4
2050
,000
324,
900
1)
Bui
ldin
gs (
WSM
+C
Cs)
12,3
63,3
96
2) E
quip
men
t2,
862,
024
3)
Rei
nves
tmen
t50
,000
324,
900
4)
Rep
aym
ent o
f lo
anC
. Net
cas
h fl
ow62
0,77
762
6,00
163
1,22
663
6,45
059
1,67
464
6,89
865
2,12
365
2,12
365
2,12
332
7,22
365
2,12
365
2,12
3
Rem
arks
:1.
Lan
d ac
quis
ition
/pre
para
tion
cost
and
infr
astr
uctu
re e
xten
sion
cos
t are
not
incl
uded
in B
uild
ing
cost
.
Tab
le 1
1-12
I
ncom
e St
atem
ent
and
Cas
h F
low
for
New
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t at
Kat
hman
du, C
entr
al R
egio
nU
nit:
US$
12
34
56
78
910
1112
IIn
com
e St
atem
ent
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
A. R
even
ue30
7,71
331
2,93
731
8,16
132
3,38
532
8,61
033
3,83
433
9,05
833
9,05
833
9,05
833
9,05
833
9,05
833
9,05
8
1) T
otal
fee
307,
713
312,
937
318,
161
323,
385
328,
610
333,
834
339,
058
339,
058
339,
058
339,
058
339,
058
339,
058
B. E
xpen
se44
6,27
544
6,27
544
6,27
544
6,27
544
6,27
544
6,27
544
6,27
544
6,27
544
6,27
544
6,27
544
6,27
544
6,27
5 1
) O
pera
tion
68,6
3668
,636
68,6
3668
,636
68,6
3668
,636
68,6
3668
,636
68,6
3668
,636
68,6
3668
,636
2)
Mai
nten
ance
29,2
8729
,287
29,2
8729
,287
29,2
8729
,287
29,2
8729
,287
29,2
8729
,287
29,2
8729
,287
3)
Dep
reci
atio
n34
8,35
234
8,35
234
8,35
234
8,35
234
8,35
234
8,35
234
8,35
234
8,35
234
8,35
234
8,35
234
8,35
234
8,35
2 4
) 5
) In
tere
stC
. Inc
ome
befo
re D
epr.
&In
tere
st20
9,79
021
5,01
422
0,23
922
5,46
323
0,68
723
5,91
124
1,13
624
1,13
624
1,13
624
1,13
624
1,13
624
1,13
6D
. Net
Inc
ome
-138
,562
-133
,338
-128
,113
-122
,889
-117
,665
-112
,441
-107
,216
-107
,216
-107
,216
-107
,216
-107
,216
-107
,216
IIC
ash
Flo
wA
. Sou
rce
of F
unds
10,3
77,7
2020
9,79
021
5,01
422
0,23
922
5,46
323
0,68
723
5,91
124
1,13
624
1,13
624
1,13
624
1,13
624
1,13
624
1,13
6
1) G
over
nmen
t10
,377
,720
2)
Loa
n
3) O
wn
equi
ty
4) D
epre
ciat
ion
348,
352
348,
352
348,
352
348,
352
348,
352
348,
352
348,
352
348,
352
348,
352
348,
352
348,
352
348,
352
5)
Net
inco
me
-138
,562
-133
,338
-128
,113
-122
,889
-117
,665
-112
,441
-107
,216
-107
,216
-107
,216
-107
,216
-107
,216
-107
,216
B. U
ses
of F
unds
10,3
77,7
2020
0,40
0
1) B
uild
ing
9,86
4,69
6
2) E
quip
men
t51
3,02
4
3) R
einv
estm
ent
200,
400
4)
Rep
aym
ent o
f lo
anC
. Net
cas
h fl
ow20
9,79
021
5,01
422
0,23
922
5,46
323
0,68
723
5,91
124
1,13
624
1,13
624
1,13
640
,736
241,
136
241,
136
Rem
arks
:1.
Lan
d ac
quis
ition
/pre
para
tion
cost
and
infr
astr
uctu
re e
xten
sion
cos
t are
not
incl
uded
in B
uild
ing
cost
.
Tab
le 1
1-13
I
ncom
e St
atem
ent
and
Cas
h F
low
for
a C
olle
ctio
n C
entr
eU
nit:
US$
12
34
56
78
910
1112
IIn
com
e St
atem
ent
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
A. R
even
ue10
3,06
110
3,07
710
3,09
310
3,11
010
3,12
710
3,14
410
3,16
210
3,18
010
3,19
810
3,21
710
3,23
610
3,25
6
1) 7
% H
andl
ing
Com
mis
sion
102,
260
102,
260
102,
260
102,
260
102,
260
102,
260
102,
260
102,
260
102,
260
102,
260
102,
260
102,
260
2)
Far
m in
put h
andl
ling
char
ge80
181
783
485
086
788
590
292
093
995
897
799
6
3)
4)
5)
B. E
xpen
se71
,426
71,4
2671
,426
71,4
2671
,426
71,4
2671
,426
71,4
2671
,426
71,4
2671
,426
71,4
26 1
) O
pera
tion
17,0
7617
,076
17,0
7617
,076
17,0
7617
,076
17,0
7617
,076
17,0
7617
,076
17,0
7617
,076
2)
Mai
nten
ance
7,86
47,
864
7,86
47,
864
7,86
47,
864
7,86
47,
864
7,86
47,
864
7,86
47,
864
3)
Dep
reci
atio
n46
,486
46,4
8646
,486
46,4
8646
,486
46,4
8646
,486
46,4
8646
,486
46,4
8646
,486
46,4
86 4
) D
epre
ciat
ion
5)
Inte
rest
C. I
ncom
e be
fore
Dep
r.&
Inte
rest
78,1
2178
,137
78,1
5378
,170
78,1
8778
,204
78,2
2278
,240
78,2
5878
,277
78,2
9678
,316
D. N
et I
ncom
e31
,635
31,6
5131
,667
31,6
8431
,701
31,7
1831
,736
31,7
5431
,772
31,7
9131
,810
31,8
30II
Cas
h F
low
A. S
ourc
e of
Fun
ds75
7,45
078
,121
78,1
3778
,153
78,1
7078
,187
78,2
0478
,222
78,2
4078
,258
78,2
7778
,296
78,3
16
1) G
over
nmen
t75
7,45
0
2) L
oan
3)
Ow
n eq
uity
4)
Dep
reci
atio
n46
,486
46,4
8646
,486
46,4
8646
,486
46,4
8646
,486
46,4
8646
,486
46,4
8646
,486
46,4
86
5) N
et in
com
e31
,635
31,6
5131
,667
31,6
8431
,701
31,7
1831
,736
31,7
5431
,772
31,7
9131
,810
31,8
30B
. Use
s of
Fun
ds75
7,45
010
,000
24,9
00
1) B
uild
ing
287,
650
2)
Equ
ipm
ent
469,
800
3)
Rei
nves
tmen
t10
,000
24,9
00
4)
Rep
aym
ent o
f lo
anC
. Net
cas
h fl
ow78
,121
78,1
3778
,153
78,1
7068
,187
78,2
0478
,222
78,2
4078
,258
53,3
7778
,296
78,3
16
Rem
arks
:1.
Lan
d ac
quis
ition
, pre
para
tion
and
infr
astr
uctu
re e
xten
sion
cos
ts a
re n
ot in
clud
ed in
bui
ldin
g co
st o
f N
WM
.
Table 11-14 Financial Sensitivity Analysis New Wholesale Market and 5 Collection Centres, Central Region
Sensitivity Analysis, Case 1 Sensitivity Analysis, Case 2±Investment Cost +10%, Revenue 0% Unit: US$ ±Investment Cost 0%, Revenue +10% Unit: US$
Investment Reinvestmt Income before Net Revenue Investment Reinvestmt Income before Net RevenueDepr. Depr.
2003 16,747,962 -16,747,962 2003 15,225,420 -15,225,4202004 620,777 620,777 2004 682,855 682,8552005 626,001 626,001 2005 688,602 688,6022006 631,226 631,226 2006 694,348 694,3482007 636,450 636,450 2007 700,095 700,0952008 55,000 641,674 586,674 2008 50,000 705,842 655,8422009 646,898 646,898 2009 711,588 711,5882010 652,123 652,123 2010 717,335 717,3352011 652,123 652,123 2011 717,335 717,3352012 652,123 652,123 2012 717,335 717,3352013 357,390 652,123 294,733 2013 324,900 717,335 392,4352014 652,123 652,123 2014 717,335 717,3352015 652,123 652,123 2015 717,335 717,3352016 652,123 652,123 2016 717,335 717,3352017 652,123 652,123 2017 717,335 717,3352018 1,210,000 652,123 -557,877 2018 1,100,000 717,335 -382,6652019 652,123 652,123 2019 717,335 717,3352020 652,123 652,123 2020 717,335 717,3352021 652,123 652,123 2021 717,335 717,3352022 652,123 652,123 2022 717,335 717,3352023 357,390 652,123 294,733 2023 324,900 717,335 392,435
FIRR = -4.0% FIRR = -2.0%NPV = -8,755,776 NPV = -6,351,098
Sensitivity Analysis, Case 3 Sensitivity Analysis, Case 4±Investment Cost -10%, Revenue 0% Unit: US$ Investment Cost -20%, Revenue -10% Unit: US$
Investment Reinvestmt Income before Net Revenue Investment Reinvestmt Income before Net RevenueDepr. Depr.
2003 13,702,878 -13,702,878 2003 12,180,336 -12,180,3362004 620,777 620,777 2004 558,699 558,6992005 626,001 626,001 2005 563,401 563,4012006 631,226 631,226 2006 568,103 568,1032007 636,450 636,450 2007 572,805 572,8052008 45,000 641,674 596,674 2008 40,000 577,507 537,5072009 646,898 646,898 2009 582,209 582,2092010 652,123 652,123 2010 586,910 586,9102011 652,123 652,123 2011 586,910 586,9102012 652,123 652,123 2012 586,910 586,9102013 292,410 652,123 359,713 2013 259,920 586,910 326,9902014 652,123 652,123 2014 586,910 586,9102015 652,123 652,123 2015 586,910 586,9102016 652,123 652,123 2016 586,910 586,9102017 652,123 652,123 2017 586,910 586,9102018 990,000 652,123 -337,877 2018 40,000 586,910 546,9102019 652,123 652,123 2019 586,910 586,9102020 652,123 652,123 2020 586,910 586,9102021 652,123 652,123 2021 586,910 586,9102022 652,123 652,123 2022 586,910 586,9102023 292,410 652,123 359,713 2023 259,920 586,910 326,990
FIRR = -1.8% FIRR = -0.9%NPV = -5,631,723 NPV = -4,463,865
Remark:1. The reinvestment cost after 15 years (2018) is reduced substantially if assumed that pre-cooling facilities are excluded in this scenario.
T-71
Table 11-15 Physical Life, Depreciation, and Maintenance of Project Components at Eastern Region
New Wholesale MarketFacilities & Equipment Physical Life Maintenance Total Cost Depreciation Maintenance Reinvestment Cost
(years) ratio (%) 5 yr 10 yr 15 yr 20 yr1. Buildings 25 0.5% 1,734,500 69,380 4,3362. Equipment 10 5.0% 250,000 25,000 6,250 125,000 125,000Total Cost 1,984,500 94,380 10,586 0 125,000 0 125,000Remarks:1. Maintenance & reinvestment cost of building and equipment undertaken by local contractors at local rates.2. Depreciation & maintenance calculated on direct construction cost only.
Direct Construction Cost of WSMBuilding total 1,734,500Equipment total 250,000
1,984,500
Collection and Distribution CentersFacilities & Equipment Physical Life Maintenance Total Cost Depreciation Maintenance
(years) ratio (%) 5 yr 10 yr 15 yr 20 yr1. Buildings & pavement 25 0.5% 287,650 11,506 7192. Equipment - Crates, pallet, etc 5 1.0% 20,000 4,000 100 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 - Vehicle (pick up truck) 10 5.0% 25,000 2,500 625 12,500 12,500 - Pre-cooling equipment 15 3.0% 420,000 28,000 6,300 210,000 - Office, weighing equipm 10 5.0% 4,800 480 120 2,400 2,400Total Cost for one collection centre 757,450 46,486 7,864 10,000 24,900 220,000 24,900Total Cost for all 5 collection centres 3,787,250 232,430 39,321 50,000 124,500 1,100,000 124,500Remarks:1. Maintenance & reinvestment cost of building and equipment undertaken by local contractors at local rates.2. Depreciation & maintenance calculated on direct construction cost only.
Direct Construction Cost of each CCBuilding total 287,650Equipment total 469,800
757,450
Reinvestment Cost
T-72
Table 11-16 Benefits of Biratnagar New Wholesale Market and 4 Collection Centers, Eastern Region
1. Gudri Market Entry / Exit Time RestrictionNo. of big trucks affected per day = 1Average waiting time lost due to this restriction (hr) = 40pportunity cost of big truck (8 tons) use (Rs/hr) = 1000Total benefit of entry at any time to NWM per day = A.B.CBenefit per day (Rs) = Rs 4,000Benefit per year (Rs) = Rs 1,460,000Benefit per year (US$) = $19,743
2. Reduced quantity/ quality loss (faster, better handling, packing, storage, etc)Existing quantity losses at wholesale markets due to congestion, handling, storage, etc = 3%Without project losses in 2015 from 32,000t handled by Biratnagar markets (t) = 960With project losses reduction at 50%, volume saved (t) = 480Benefit of quantity loss reduction in 2015 (Rs) = Rs 5,563,200Benefit of quantity loss reduction in 2015 (US$) = $75,229Without project quality losses in 2015 = 5%With project losses reduction at 50%, quality saved (Rs) = 8,692,500Benefit of quality loss reduction in 2015 (US$) = $117,546Total Benefits of Quantity & Quality saved = $192,775
3. Time and Cost savings from more efficient marketing systemNo. of farmers affected = 500No. of hours per day saved per farmer with project = 1Total hours saved per day = 500Total hours saved for 300 marketing days = 150,000Opportunity cost of farmers per day = Rs 5Benefit for 1 Collection Centre = Rs 750,000Total Benefit (US$) from all 4 Collection Centre = $40,568
4. Reduced quantity lossPost-harvest loss reduction for potato = 3%Post-harvest loss reduction for fruits = 15%Post-harvest loss reduction for vegetables = 10%Av. quantity loss reduced for potato (ton) = 54Av. quantity loss reduced for fruits (ton) = 45Av. quantity loss reduced for vegetables (ton) = 390Total quantity loss reduction (ton) = 489Benefit for 1 Collection Centre = Rs 1,416,878Total Benefit (US$) from all 4 Collection Centre = $76,640
5. Quality Loss ReductionValue of wholesale price for quality loss reduction = 3%Av. handling vol. of potato (ton) = 2,250Av. handling vol. of fruits (ton) = 375Av. handling vol. of vegetables (ton) = 4,875Total.av. handling vol.(ton) 7,500Benefit of quality reduction for 1 Collection Centre = Rs 2,607,750Benefit of quality reduction (US$) for all 4 Collection Centres = $141,055
6. Transaction Time and Cost savingsTruck (6T) trips per year from CC = 1,250Truck trips saved with project = 25%Benefits from truck trips saved = Rs 1,875,000Traders time(hr) saved per day = 2No. of traders per CC = 20Traders time (hr) saved per year with project = 12,000Benefits from traders time saved for 1 Collecton Centre = Rs 600,000Benefits of better transaction system for all 1 Collection Centre = Rs 2,475,000Benefits of better transaction system for all 4 Collection Centres = $133,874
T-73
Table 11-17 Annual Operation Cost of New Wholesale Market at Biratnagar and Collection Centres, Eastern Region
Annual Operating Cost of New Wholesale Market at BiratnagarNumber of Personnel and Annual CostPosition Status Unit Salary Annual Salary Total Annual Total Annual
Permanent Contract Permanent Contract Permanent Contract Salary (Rs) Salary (US$)Market manager 1 13,000 156,000 156,000 2,110Assist. manager 1 10,000 120,000 120,000 1,623Administration chief 1 8,000 96,000 96,000 1,298Personnel 2 5,000 120,000 120,000 1,623Security 3 6,000 216,000 216,000 2,921Transport 1 4,000 48,000 48,000 649Telephone 1 3,000 36,000 36,000 487Account chief 1 8,000 96,000 96,000 1,298Fee collector 2 5,000 120,000 120,000 1,623Market operation 1 8,000 96,000 96,000 1,298Entrance gate 1 1 8,000 5,000 96,000 60,000 156,000 2,110Repair/maintenance 1 4,000 48,000 48,000 649Planning 1 7,000 84,000 84,000 1,136Market information 1 1 7,000 5,000 84,000 60,000 144,000 1,947Total 8 12 69,000 37,000 828,000 708,000 1,536,000 $20,771 A
Electricity operation cost per year = Rs 355,042 $4,801Water operation cost per year = Rs 107,608 $1,455Telephone operation cost per year = Rs 161,280 $2,181Vehicle Fuel expenses per year Rs 274,800 $3,716Gas expenses per year Rs 15,120 $204Office expenses per year Rs 120,000 $1,623Total $13,980 B
Total Annual Operation Cost of WSM (A+B) $34,751
Annual Operating Cost of All 4 Collection Centres in Eastern RegionRs US$
Personnel Expenses per year Rs 1,512,000 $20,446Fuel Consumption Rs 1,047,006 $14,158Power Consumption Rs 1,944,000 $26,288Office Expenses Rs 480,000 $6,491Repair Cost Rs 480,000 $6,491Total Annual Operation Cost of 4 CC $73,874
Total Annual Operation Cost of WSM and 4 CC $108,626
T-74
and 4 Collection Centers in Eastern RegionUnit: US$
Investment O/M Cost Benefits Net Benefit
2009 6,100,884 -6,100,8842010 142,679 604,655 461,9752011 142,679 604,655 461,9752012 142,679 604,655 461,9752013 142,679 604,655 461,9752014 142,679 604,655 461,9752015 142,679 604,655 461,9752016 142,679 604,655 461,9752017 142,679 604,655 461,9752018 142,679 604,655 461,9752019 225,000 142,679 604,655 236,9752020 142,679 604,655 461,9752021 142,679 604,655 461,9752022 142,679 604,655 461,9752023 142,679 604,655 461,9752024 142,679 604,655 461,9752025 142,679 604,655 461,9752026 142,679 604,655 461,9752027 142,679 604,655 461,9752028 142,679 604,655 461,9752029 225,000 142,679 604,655 236,975
EIRR = 3.9%
Table 11-18 Economic Evaluation of New Wholesale Market
T-75
Table 11-19 Economic Sensitivity Analysis for New Wholesale Market and 4 CC, Eastern Region
Sensitivity Analysis, Case 1 Sensitivity Analysis, Case 2±Investment Cost +10%, Benefit 0% Unit: US$ ±Investment Cost 0%, Benefit +10% Unit: US$
Investment O/M Cost Benefits Net Benefit Investment O/M Cost Benefits Net Benefit
2009 6,710,972 -6,710,972 2009 6,100,884 -6,100,8842010 142,679 604,655 461,975 2010 142,679 665,120 522,4412011 142,679 604,655 461,975 2011 142,679 665,120 522,4412012 142,679 604,655 461,975 2012 142,679 665,120 522,4412013 142,679 604,655 461,975 2013 142,679 665,120 522,4412014 142,679 604,655 461,975 2014 142,679 665,120 522,4412015 142,679 604,655 461,975 2015 142,679 665,120 522,4412016 142,679 604,655 461,975 2016 142,679 665,120 522,4412017 142,679 604,655 461,975 2017 142,679 665,120 522,4412018 142,679 604,655 461,975 2018 142,679 665,120 522,4412019 247,500 142,679 604,655 214,475 2019 225,000 142,679 665,120 297,4412020 142,679 604,655 461,975 2020 142,679 665,120 522,4412021 142,679 604,655 461,975 2021 142,679 665,120 522,4412022 142,679 604,655 461,975 2022 142,679 665,120 522,4412023 142,679 604,655 461,975 2023 142,679 665,120 522,4412024 142,679 604,655 461,975 2024 142,679 665,120 522,4412025 142,679 604,655 461,975 2025 142,679 665,120 522,4412026 142,679 604,655 461,975 2026 142,679 665,120 522,4412027 142,679 604,655 461,975 2027 142,679 665,120 522,4412028 142,679 604,655 461,975 2028 142,679 665,120 522,4412029 247,500 142,679 604,655 214,475 2029 225,000 142,679 665,120 297,441
EIRR = 2.7% EIRR = 5.4%NPV = -685,320 NPV = 715,933
Sensitivity Analysis, Case 3 Sensitivity Analysis, Case 4±Investment Cost -10%, Benefit 0% Unit: US$ ±Investment Cost 0%, Benefit -10% Unit: US$
Investment O/M Cost Benefits Net Benefit Investment O/M Cost Benefits Net Benefit
2009 5,490,796 -5,490,796 2009 6,100,884 -6,100,884
2010 142,679 604,655 461,975 2010 142,679 544,189 401,5102011 142,679 604,655 461,975 2011 142,679 544,189 401,5102012 142,679 604,655 461,975 2012 142,679 544,189 401,5102013 142,679 604,655 461,975 2013 142,679 544,189 401,510
2014 142,679 604,655 461,975 2014 142,679 544,189 401,5102015 142,679 604,655 461,975 2015 142,679 544,189 401,5102016 142,679 604,655 461,975 2016 142,679 544,189 401,5102017 142,679 604,655 461,975 2017 142,679 544,189 401,5102018 142,679 604,655 461,975 2018 142,679 544,189 401,5102019 202,500 142,679 604,655 259,475 2019 225,000 142,679 544,189 176,5102020 142,679 604,655 461,975 2020 142,679 544,189 401,5102021 142,679 604,655 461,975 2021 142,679 544,189 401,5102022 142,679 604,655 461,975 2022 142,679 544,189 401,5102023 142,679 604,655 461,975 2023 142,679 544,189 401,5102024 142,679 604,655 461,975 2024 142,679 544,189 401,5102025 142,679 604,655 461,975 2025 142,679 544,189 401,5102026 142,679 604,655 461,975 2026 142,679 544,189 401,5102027 142,679 604,655 461,975 2027 142,679 544,189 401,5102028 142,679 604,655 461,975 2028 142,679 544,189 401,5102029 202,500 142,679 604,655 259,475 2029 225,000 142,679 544,189 176,510
EIRR = 5.1% EIRR = 2.2%
T-76
Tab
le 1
1-20
Ann
ual R
even
ue o
f N
ew W
hole
sale
Mar
ket
and
4 C
olle
ctio
n C
entr
es in
Eas
tern
Reg
ion
Ann
ual R
even
ue o
f B
irat
naga
r N
ew W
hole
sale
Mar
ket,
Eas
tern
Reg
ion
US$
1. M
arke
ting
fee
of tr
ansa
ctio
n am
ount
@1%
2010
, Ann
ual T
rans
actio
n V
olum
e =
27,0
00t
Tra
nsac
tion
amou
nt (
@R
s11.
59/k
g) =
Rs
312,
930,
000
1% o
f tr
ansa
ctio
n am
ount
at 2
010
=R
s 3,
129,
300
$42,
316
2015
, Ann
ual T
rans
acti
on V
olum
e =
32,0
00t
Tra
nsac
tion
am
ount
(@
Rs1
1.59
/kg)
=R
s 37
0,88
0,00
01%
of t
rans
acti
on a
mou
nt a
t 201
0 =
Rs
3,70
8,80
0$5
0,15
3
2. R
egis
trat
ion
fee
per
year
@R
s 40
0N
o. o
f ve
geta
ble
who
lesa
lers
=26
No.
of
frui
t who
lesa
lers
=6
Tot
al R
egis
trat
ion
fee
colle
ctab
le =
Rs
12,8
00$1
73
3. S
tall
rent
al (
per
sq.f
t per
mon
th)
@R
s 10
26 s
talls
for
veg
etab
le @
300
sq.
ft =
Rs
936,
000
$12,
657
6 st
alls
for
veg
etab
le @
300
sq.
ft=
Rs
216,
000
$2,9
21C
ante
en r
enta
l @R
s10,
000/
mth
Rs
120,
000
$1,6
23
4. E
ntry
/ Par
king
fee
No.
of
big
truc
ks e
nter
ing
per
year
=73
0N
o. o
f sm
all t
ruck
s en
teri
ng p
er y
ear
=1,
460
No.
of
othe
r ve
hicl
es e
nter
ing
per
year
=17
,520
Fee
from
big
truc
ks (
@R
s25)
=43
,800
Fee
from
sm
all t
ruck
s (@
Rs1
5) =
51,1
00Fe
e fr
om o
ther
veh
icle
s (@
Rs5
) =
262,
800
Tot
al e
ntry
/par
king
fee
=35
7,70
0$4
,837
Tot
al A
nnua
l Rev
enue
of
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t (20
10)
=$6
4,52
7T
otal
Ann
ual R
even
ue o
f Who
lesa
le M
arke
t (20
15)
=$7
2,36
4
Ann
ual R
even
ue o
f C
olle
ctio
n C
entr
es, E
aste
rn R
egio
n
Ave
rage
Ann
ual H
andl
ing
Vol
ume
and
Am
ount
at C
.C.
Uni
t: M
T, R
s
Vol
ume
(t)
Am
ount
(R
s)V
olum
e (t
)A
mou
nt (
Rs)
Vol
ume
(t)
Am
ount
(R
s)V
olum
e (t
)A
mou
nt (
Rs)
Am
ount
(U
S$)
1.Su
rung
a1,
500
17,2
89,0
001,
500
21,5
29,2
004,
500
80,6
11,2
007,
500
119,
429,
400
1,61
5,00
22.
Joro
ati
3,00
040
,238
,800
00
4,50
080
,846
,400
7,50
012
1,08
5,20
01,
637,
393
3.B
abiy
a1,
500
17,2
89,0
000
06,
000
107,
448,
000
7,50
012
4,73
7,00
01,
686,
775
4.K
atah
ari/S
isba
nia
3,00
034
,972
,200
00
4,50
082
,728
,000
7,50
011
7,70
0,20
01,
591,
619
Tot
al9,
000
109,
789,
000
1,50
021
,529
,200
19,5
0035
1,63
3,60
030
,000
482,
951,
800
6,53
0,78
8R
emar
ks:
1. D
irec
t sal
es to
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t: tr
ansa
ctio
n pr
ice
for
Pota
to =
Rs1
2.11
/kg,
Fru
its =
Rs1
4.74
/kg,
Veg
etab
les
= R
s18.
72/k
g2.
Sal
es to
Tra
der/
loca
l bro
kers
at C
C: t
rans
actio
n pr
ice
for
Pota
to =
Rs1
1.38
/kg,
Fru
its =
Rs1
3.86
/kg,
Veg
etab
les
= R
s17.
60/k
g3.
Dir
ect s
ales
to N
eigh
bori
ng C
ount
ries
fro
m C
C: t
rans
actio
n pr
ice
for
Pota
to =
Rs1
2.11
/kg,
Fru
its =
Rs1
4.74
/kg,
Veg
etab
les
= R
s18.
72/k
g4.
Dir
ect s
ales
to tr
avel
er/lo
cal p
eopl
e at
CC
: tra
nsac
tion
pric
e fo
r Po
tato
= R
s11.
38/k
g, F
ruits
= R
s13.
86/k
g, V
eget
able
s =
Rs1
7.60
/kg
A.
Tot
al A
nnua
l Rev
enue
of
all 4
CC
@7%
of
hand
ling
amou
nt =
$457
,155
B.
Rev
enue
fro
m f
arm
inpu
t han
dlin
g ch
arge
R
s 23
7,00
0$3
,205
Tot
al A
nnua
l Rev
enue
of
all 4
CC
(A
+B
) =
$460
,360
Pota
toFr
uit
Veg
etab
leT
otal
Tab
le 1
1-21
In
com
e St
atem
ent
and
Cas
h F
low
for
New
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t an
d al
l 4 C
olle
ctio
n C
ente
rs in
Eas
tern
Reg
ion
Uni
t: U
S$1
23
45
67
89
1011
1213
1415
IIn
com
e St
atem
ent
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
A. R
even
ue52
4,88
752
6,45
552
8,02
252
9,58
953
1,15
753
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
4
1) R
even
ue f
rom
mar
ket &
4 C
C52
4,88
752
6,45
552
8,02
252
9,58
953
1,15
753
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
453
2,72
4
B. E
xpen
se48
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
248
5,34
2 1
) O
pera
tion
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
108,
626
2)
Mai
nten
ance
49,9
0749
,907
49,9
0749
,907
49,9
0749
,907
49,9
0749
,907
49,9
0749
,907
49,9
0749
,907
49,9
0749
,907
49,9
07 3
) D
epre
ciat
ion
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
4)
5)
Inte
rest
C. I
ncom
e be
fore
Dep
r.&
Inte
rest
366,
355
367,
922
369,
490
371,
057
372,
624
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
D. N
et I
ncom
e39
,545
41,1
1242
,680
44,2
4745
,814
47,3
8147
,381
47,3
8147
,381
47,3
8147
,381
47,3
8147
,381
47,3
8147
,381
IIC
ash
Flo
wA
. Sou
rce
of F
unds
6,77
8,76
036
6,35
536
7,92
236
9,49
037
1,05
737
2,62
437
4,19
137
4,19
137
4,19
137
4,19
137
4,19
137
4,19
137
4,19
137
4,19
137
4,19
137
4,19
1
1) G
over
nmen
t6,
778,
760
2)
Loa
n
3) O
wn
equi
ty
4) D
epre
ciat
ion
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
326,
810
5)
Net
inco
me
39,5
4541
,112
42,6
8044
,247
45,8
1447
,381
47,3
8147
,381
47,3
8147
,381
47,3
8147
,381
47,3
8147
,381
47,3
81B
. Use
s of
Fun
ds6,
778,
760
50,0
0024
9,50
01,
100,
000
1)
Bui
ldin
gs (
WSM
+C
Cs)
4,53
4,15
3
2) E
quip
men
t2,
244,
607
3)
Rei
nves
tmen
t50
,000
249,
500
1,10
0,00
0
4) R
epay
men
t of
loan
C. N
et c
ash
flow
366,
355
367,
922
369,
490
371,
057
322,
624
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
124,
691
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
374,
191
-725
,809
Rem
arks
:1.
Lan
d ac
quis
ition
/pre
para
tion
cost
and
infr
astr
uctu
re e
xten
sion
cos
t are
not
incl
uded
in B
uild
ing
cost
.
Tab
le 1
1-22
I
ncom
e St
atem
ent
and
Cas
h F
low
For
New
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t at
Bir
atna
gar,
Eas
tern
Reg
ion
Uni
t: U
S$1
23
45
67
89
1011
1213
1415
IIn
com
e St
atem
ent
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
A. R
even
ue64
,527
66,0
9567
,662
69,2
2970
,796
72,3
6472
,364
72,3
6472
,364
72,3
6472
,364
72,3
6472
,364
72,3
6472
,364
1)
Tot
al f
ee64
,527
66,0
9567
,662
69,2
2970
,796
72,3
6472
,364
72,3
6472
,364
72,3
6472
,364
72,3
6472
,364
72,3
6472
,364
B. E
xpen
se13
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
713
9,71
7 1
) O
pera
tion
34,7
5134
,751
34,7
5134
,751
34,7
5134
,751
34,7
5134
,751
34,7
5134
,751
34,7
5134
,751
34,7
5134
,751
34,7
51 2
) M
aint
enan
ce10
,586
10,5
8610
,586
10,5
8610
,586
10,5
8610
,586
10,5
8610
,586
10,5
8610
,586
10,5
8610
,586
10,5
8610
,586
3)
Dep
reci
atio
n94
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
4)
5)
Inte
rest
C. I
ncom
e be
fore
Dep
r.&
Inte
rest
19,1
9020
,757
22,3
2523
,892
25,4
5927
,026
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
26D
. Net
Inc
ome
-75,
190
-73,
623
-72,
055
-70,
488
-68,
921
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
IIC
ash
Flo
wA
. Sou
rce
of F
unds
2,90
0,60
019
,190
20,7
5722
,325
23,8
9225
,459
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
2627
,026
1)
Gov
ernm
ent
2,90
0,60
0
2) L
oan
3)
Ow
n eq
uity
4)
Dep
reci
atio
n94
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
94,3
8094
,380
5)
Net
inco
me
-75,
190
-73,
623
-72,
055
-70,
488
-68,
921
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
-67,
354
B. U
ses
of F
unds
2,90
0,60
025
0,00
0
1) B
uild
ing
2,53
5,19
3
2) E
quip
men
t36
5,40
7
3) R
einv
estm
ent
250,
000
4)
Rep
aym
ent o
f lo
anC
. Net
cas
h fl
ow19
,190
20,7
5722
,325
23,8
9225
,459
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
2627
,026
-222
,974
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
2627
,026
27,0
26
Rem
arks
:1.
Lan
d ac
quis
ition
/pre
para
tion
cost
and
infr
astr
uctu
re e
xten
sion
cos
t are
not
incl
uded
in B
uild
ing
cost
.
Table 11-23 Financial Sensitivity Analysis New Wholesale Market and 4 Collection Centres, Eastern Region
Sensitivity Analysis, Case 1 Sensitivity Analysis, Case 2±Investment Cost +10%, Revenue 0% Unit: US$ ±Investment Cost 0%, Revenue +10% Unit: US$
Investment Reinvestmt Income before Net Revenue Investment Reinvestmt Income before Net RevenueDepr. Depr.
2009 7,456,636 -7,456,636 2009 6,778,760 -6,778,7602010 366,355 366,355 2010 402,991 402,9912011 367,922 367,922 2011 404,715 404,7152012 369,490 369,490 2012 406,439 406,4392013 371,057 371,057 2013 408,163 408,1632014 55,000 372,624 317,624 2014 50,000 409,887 359,8872015 374,191 374,191 2015 411,611 411,6112016 374,191 374,191 2016 411,611 411,6112017 374,191 374,191 2017 411,611 411,6112018 374,191 374,191 2018 411,611 411,6112019 274,450 374,191 99,741 2019 249,500 411,611 162,1112020 374,191 374,191 2020 411,611 411,6112021 374,191 374,191 2021 411,611 411,6112022 374,191 374,191 2022 411,611 411,6112023 374,191 374,191 2023 411,611 411,6112024 1,210,000 374,191 -835,809 2024 1,100,000 411,611 -688,3892025 374,191 374,191 2025 411,611 411,6112026 374,191 374,191 2026 411,611 411,6112027 374,191 374,191 2027 411,611 411,6112028 374,191 374,191 2028 411,611 411,6112029 274,450 374,191 99,741 2029 249,500 411,611 162,111
FIRR = -2.8% FIRR = -0.3%NPV = -3,288,914 NPV = -2,060,359
Sensitivity Analysis, Case 3 Sensitivity Analysis, Case 4±Investment Cost -10%, Revenue 0% Unit: US$ Investment Cost -20%, Revenue -10% Unit: US$
Investment Reinvestmt Income before Net Revenue Investment Reinvestmt Income before Net RevenueDepr. Depr.
2009 6,100,884 -6,100,884 2009 5,423,008 -5,423,0082010 366,355 366,355 2010 329,720 329,7202011 367,922 367,922 2011 331,130 331,1302012 369,490 369,490 2012 332,541 332,5412013 371,057 371,057 2013 333,951 333,9512014 45,000 372,624 327,624 2014 40,000 335,362 295,3622015 374,191 374,191 2015 336,772 336,7722016 374,191 374,191 2016 336,772 336,7722017 374,191 374,191 2017 336,772 336,7722018 374,191 374,191 2018 336,772 336,7722019 224,550 374,191 149,641 2019 199,600 336,772 137,1722020 374,191 374,191 2020 336,772 336,7722021 374,191 374,191 2021 336,772 336,7722022 374,191 374,191 2022 336,772 336,7722023 374,191 374,191 2023 336,772 336,7722024 990,000 374,191 -615,809 2024 40,000 336,772 296,7722025 374,191 374,191 2025 336,772 336,7722026 374,191 374,191 2026 336,772 336,7722027 374,191 374,191 2027 336,772 336,7722028 374,191 374,191 2028 336,772 336,7722029 224,550 374,191 149,641 2029 199,600 336,772 137,172
FIRR = -0.2% FIRR = 1.4%NPV = -1,805,632 NPV = -1,102,422
Remark:1. The reinvestment cost after 15 years (2024) is reduced substantially if assumed that pre-cooling facilities are excluded in this scenario.
T-80
Tab
le 1
3-1
E
duca
tion
and
Tra
inin
g P
lan
for
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
keti
ng D
evel
opm
ent
in t
he K
ingd
om o
f N
epal
(1/
5)
1. I
nteg
rate
d A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Sys
tem
Wea
knes
s an
d D
evel
opm
ent I
ssue
s of
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
ketin
g Sy
stem
Edu
catio
n T
rain
ing
Plan
Don
or’s
Tec
hnol
ogy
Ass
ista
nce
1. W
eakn
ess
of A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Sys
tem
(1)
Lac
k of
the
conc
rete
agr
icul
tura
l pro
duct
s m
arke
ting
polic
y
(2)
Def
icie
ncy
of la
ws
and
inst
itutio
n/ o
rgan
izat
ion
syst
ems
(3)
Lim
ited
part
icip
atio
n op
port
uniti
es f
or f
arm
ers
in m
arke
ting
(4)
Lac
k of
trad
ers
and
farm
ers’
coo
rdin
atio
n in
mar
ketin
g
(5)
Lim
ited
cove
rage
are
a of
com
mer
cial
zon
e fr
om th
e pr
oduc
tion
area
to th
eco
nsum
ptio
n ar
ea
(6)
Dis
pers
ion
of c
onsu
mpt
ion
area
s an
d na
rrow
com
mer
cial
zon
es
(7)
Def
icie
ncy
of th
e im
port
and
exp
ort q
ualit
y co
ntro
l sys
tem
(8)
Inad
equa
te a
dmin
istr
atio
n sy
stem
of
WM
-CC
(9)
Lac
k of
trai
ned
man
pow
er in
mar
ket m
anag
emen
t and
agr
icul
tura
l pro
duct
sm
arke
ting
syst
em
(10)
lack
of
data
bas
e (
、pr
oduc
ts v
olum
e, m
arke
ting
volu
me/
pric
evo
lum
e of
impo
rt/e
xpor
t)
2. O
utpu
t of
Par
tici
pato
ry A
ppro
ach
(1)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
the
inte
grat
ed p
rodu
ctio
n an
d m
arke
ting
syst
em
(2)
Intr
oduc
tion
of th
e ed
ucat
ion
and
trai
ning
sys
tem
for
the
impr
oved
agr
icul
tura
lm
arke
ting
(3)
Man
agem
ent u
nder
the
clea
r-cu
t reg
ulat
ion
of th
e co
llect
ion
cent
ers
(CC
) an
dw
hole
sale
mar
ket(
WM
)
(4)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
Mar
ket M
anag
emen
t Com
mitt
ee o
f th
e C
C/W
M, o
f w
hich
mem
bers
sho
uld
be s
elec
ted
as r
epre
sent
ativ
es f
rom
use
rs g
roup
s
(5)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
the
Aut
onom
ous
body
for
mar
ket m
anag
emen
t
(6)
Supp
ort b
y th
e ce
ntra
l and
loca
l gov
ernm
ent o
n th
e m
anag
emen
t of
CC
/WM
(7)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
the
new
col
lect
ion
cent
ers
and
who
lesa
le m
arke
t with
mul
tipur
pose
and
inte
grat
ed f
unct
ions
(8)
Impo
rtan
ce o
f lo
catio
n of
who
lesa
le m
arke
t whi
ch w
ill b
e th
e le
ss c
onfl
ict a
reas
with
urb
an d
evel
opm
ent u
se
：1.
Goa
ls o
f ed
ucat
ion
Tra
inin
g(1
) Pro
mot
ion
of c
omm
erci
aliz
ed a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
thro
ugh
the
educ
atio
n tr
aini
ng(2
) E
stab
lishm
ent o
f co
mm
erci
al z
one
(3)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
orga
nize
d m
arke
ting
stru
ctur
e
2. C
once
pt o
f E
duca
tion
Tra
inin
g(1
) Pol
icy
leve
l : R
isin
g th
e kn
owle
dge
and
expa
nsio
n of
the
expe
rien
ce o
f N
epal
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
ketin
g B
oard
(N
AM
B)
or S
teer
ing
Com
mitt
ee m
embe
rs
(2)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
com
mer
cial
zon
e : E
duca
tion
trai
ning
for
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
natio
nwid
e m
arke
ting
syst
em (
、th
e lin
kage
am
ong
the
prod
uctio
n po
cket
sth
e
、co
llect
ion
poin
tsth
e co
llect
ion
cent
ers
and
the
who
lesa
le m
arke
t)
(3) P
rom
otio
n of
ext
erna
l tra
de o
f ag
ricu
ltura
l pro
duct
s : E
duca
tion
trai
ning
for
the
impr
ovem
ent o
f qu
ality
of
prod
ucts
and
str
engt
heni
ng o
f th
e ph
yto-
sani
tary
insp
ectio
n
(4)
Edu
catio
n tr
aini
ng f
or th
e in
tegr
atio
n pr
ogre
ss o
f WM
and
the
iden
tific
atio
n of
the
func
tion
of N
WM
/CC
(5)
Edu
catio
n tr
aini
ng f
or th
e st
reng
then
ing
of m
arke
t man
agem
ent o
rgan
izat
ion
(6)
OJT
thro
ugh
the
dem
onst
ratio
n by
the
follo
win
g Pi
lot P
roje
cts
1) H
ortic
ultu
re :P
roje
ct f
or T
he p
rom
otio
n of
hig
h qu
ality
pro
duct
s m
arke
ting
and
（ex
port
at N
WM
/CC
Q
ualit
y im
prov
emen
t sys
tem
of
dom
estic
、pr
oduc
ts、
auct
ion
syst
em）
mic
ro c
redi
t sys
tem
2) I
mpr
ovem
ent p
roje
ct f
or li
vest
ock
and
lives
tock
pro
duct
s m
arke
ting
syst
em a
tN
WM
/CC
and
sla
ught
er s
lab/
sani
tary
con
trol
pro
ject
of
lives
tock
pro
duct
s.3)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
sust
aina
ble
and
effi
cien
t fis
h di
stri
butio
n (c
omm
unity
bas
edpr
ojec
t)
(7)
Edu
catio
n tr
aini
ng f
or th
e fu
nd m
anag
emen
t for
sus
tain
able
trai
ning
and
edu
catio
n,an
d pr
omot
ion
of c
omm
erci
aliz
ed m
arke
ting
3. I
mpl
emen
tati
on B
ody
in N
epal
(：
1) N
atio
nal l
evel
Min
istr
y of
Ag
（ri
cultu
re a
nd C
oope
rativ
eM
o）
AC
, NA
MB
or
Stee
ring
Com
mitt
ee, M
arke
ting
Dev
elop
men
t Com
mitt
ee (
MD
C),
MM
C (
CC
and
、W
M)
（D
epar
tmen
t of
Food
Tec
hnol
ogy
and
Qua
lity
Con
trol
）
DFT
QC
：(2
) L
ocal
leve
lM
oAC
､ d
epar
tmen
t of
dist
rict
off
ice
Loc
al g
over
nmen
t
：(3
) Pr
ojec
t Site
leve
lM
MC
and
the
proj
ect m
anag
emen
t bod
y of
CC
/WM
1. M
etho
d of
Don
or’s
Tec
hnic
al A
ssis
tanc
e(1
) E
duca
tion
trai
ning
for
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
the
rule
, man
agem
ent a
nd m
onito
ring
in N
WM
/CC
.
(2)
Exp
ansi
on o
f th
e op
port
unity
of
usin
g th
e m
icro
cre
dit s
yste
m :
Con
stru
ctio
n of
CP
for
the
petty
far
mer
s/w
omen
gro
up /T
rain
ing
and
supp
ortin
g of
the
fina
ncia
lm
anag
emen
t for
the
educ
atio
n tr
aini
ng p
roje
ct
1) S
uppo
rtin
g of
info
rmal
cre
dit s
yste
m o
rgan
ized
by
the
farm
ers
orga
niza
tion
2) C
o-fi
nanc
ing
:Nep
al A
gric
ultu
ral D
evel
opm
ent
（B
ank
）、
NA
DB
UN
DP(
RU
PP、
pro
ject
)sm
all s
cale
for
mal
cre
dit s
yste
mlik
e G
ram
ine
Ban
k an
d th
e us
e of
Coo
p. B
ank
unde
r es
tabl
ishm
ent i
n M
oAC
at
pres
ent
2. I
mpl
emen
tati
on P
lan
(1)
Edu
catio
n tr
aini
ng th
roug
h th
e pr
ojec
t in
the
Cen
tral
reg
ion
(onl
y ho
rtic
ultu
repr
oduc
ts)
(2)
Edu
catio
n tr
aini
ng th
roug
h th
e pr
ojec
t tar
gete
d in
the
Eas
tern
reg
ion,
and
at t
hePi
lot P
roje
ct f
or th
e im
prov
emen
t of
lives
tock
/live
stoc
k pr
oduc
ts m
arke
ting
and
fish
mar
ketin
g.(3
) Lon
g te
rm e
duca
tion
trai
ning
cov
ered
3 r
egio
ns o
f w
este
rn a
rea
Tab
le 1
3-1
E
duca
tion
and
Tra
inin
g P
lan
for
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
keti
ng D
evel
opm
ent
in t
he K
ingd
om o
f N
epal
(2/
5)2.
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n by
Sec
tor
2.1.
Hor
ticul
ture
Mar
ketin
g Sy
stem
Wea
knes
s an
d D
evel
opm
ent I
ssue
s of
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
ketin
gSy
stem
Edu
catio
n T
rain
ing
Plan
Don
or’s
Tec
hnol
ogy
Ass
ista
nce
Sect
or1
Hor
ticul
ture
Prod
uctio
n an
dPo
st H
arve
stSy
stem
1. G
ap w
ith th
e co
nsum
ers
pref
eren
ce f
or th
e pr
oduc
ts
2. L
ack
of p
rodu
ctio
n in
put a
nd p
oor
linka
ges
amon
g re
leva
ntor
gani
zatio
n
3. P
oor
cons
ciou
snes
s of
far
mer
s on
the
plan
ned
crop
ping
pat
tern
4. L
imita
tions
of
the
colle
ctio
n an
d di
stri
butio
n sy
stem
at t
hepr
oduc
tion
area
5. L
ack
of p
ost h
arve
st te
chno
logy
6. S
hort
age
of p
rope
r po
st h
arve
st h
andl
ing
faci
litie
s
7. L
ess
cons
ciou
snes
s fo
r po
st-h
arve
st h
andl
ing
and
proc
essi
ngte
chno
logy
8. L
ack
of in
stitu
tiona
l sup
port
9. I
nacc
urat
e da
ta b
ase
1. D
evel
opm
ent
Goa
ls
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
effe
ctiv
e m
arke
ting
syst
em f
rom
col
lect
ion
cent
ers
(CC
) to
who
lesa
lem
arke
ts (
WM
) an
d in
crea
se f
arm
hou
seho
ld in
com
e in
the
Eas
tern
and
Cen
tral
Reg
ion.
2. D
evel
opm
ent
Pro
ject
s
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
Col
lect
ion
Cen
ters
in le
adin
g pr
oduc
tion
pock
et (
PP)
area
s w
ith o
rgan
ized
farm
ers
grou
ps to
incr
ease
com
mer
cial
ized
mar
ketin
g an
d en
cour
age
part
icip
atio
n of
far
mer
s.
3. E
duca
tion
Tra
inin
g C
ompo
nent
s of
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
(1)
Soft
war
e C
ompo
nent
sO
rgan
izat
ion
of f
arm
ers
and
wom
en g
roup
s to
par
ticip
ate
in a
gric
ultu
ral m
arke
ting
syst
em,
use
and
man
agem
ent o
f su
stai
nabl
e C
C, t
echn
olog
y tr
ansf
er o
n qu
ality
impr
ovem
ent a
ndef
fici
ent m
arke
ting,
dem
onst
ratio
n of
mod
ern
tech
nolo
gy f
or e
xpor
t pro
mot
ion,
sup
port
for
plan
ned
prod
uctio
n sy
stem
, exp
ansi
on o
f th
e us
e of
mic
ro-c
redi
t sys
tem
.
(2)
Har
dwar
e C
ompo
nent
sC
C’s
fac
ilitie
s an
d eq
uipm
ent f
or c
olle
ctio
n, s
ortin
g, g
radi
ng, p
acki
ng, s
tora
ge,
tran
spor
tatio
n)
4. E
xecu
tive
Bod
y an
d T
arge
t G
roup
(1)
Exe
cutiv
e bo
dy: M
oAC
, MoA
C b
ranc
h of
fice
(D
AD
O/A
SC),
VD
C (
Vill
age
Dev
elop
men
t Com
mitt
ee),
MM
C (
Mar
ket M
anag
emen
t Com
mitt
ee)
(2) T
arge
t Gro
up: C
once
rned
org
aniz
atio
ns/a
genc
ies,
far
mer
s an
d w
omen
gro
ups,
loca
ltr
ader
s or
gani
zatio
n.
(1)
Con
tent
s of
Tec
hnol
ogy
Tra
nsfe
r
1)K
now
ledg
e an
d de
mon
stra
tion
on a
gric
ultu
ral m
arke
ting
syst
em
2)Pl
anne
d pr
oduc
tion
syst
em to
mee
t mar
ket d
eman
d an
d ne
eds
3)Q
ualit
y co
ntro
l and
sta
ble
colle
ctio
n m
etho
d
4)E
stab
lishm
ent o
f m
arke
ting
syst
em a
t the
pro
duct
ion
area
5)U
se a
nd m
anag
emen
t of
CC
6)Pa
rtic
ipat
ion
in m
arke
ting
activ
ities
at t
he w
hole
sale
mar
ket
7)M
anag
emen
t abi
lity
to u
se m
icro
cre
dit s
yste
m
(2)
Met
hod
of T
echn
olog
y T
rans
fer
1)T
rain
ers
trai
ning
: sus
tain
able
trai
ning
of
Gov
ernm
ent o
ffic
ers,
MM
C m
embe
rsof
CC
, rep
rese
ntat
ives
of
farm
ers
and
wom
en b
y fo
reig
n ex
pert
s at
NW
M a
ndC
C
2)T
rain
ing
for
mod
erni
zatio
n of
agr
icul
tura
l mar
ketin
g sy
stem
: tra
inin
g at
fore
ign
coun
trie
s fo
r M
MC
mem
bers
of
CC
, rep
rese
ntat
ives
of
farm
ers/
wom
en’s
org
aniz
atio
ns
Sect
or2
Hor
ticul
ture
Mar
ketin
gSy
stem
1. D
ispe
rsio
n of
con
sum
ptio
n ar
eas
and
narr
ow c
omm
erci
alzo
nes.
2. C
ompl
icat
ed p
rice
mec
hani
sm la
ckin
g in
fai
rnes
s.
3. L
imite
d us
e an
d be
nefi
t of
form
al m
arke
t inf
orm
atio
n sy
stem
by f
arm
ers.
4. L
ack
of e
ffic
ient
mar
ketin
g fa
cilit
ies.
5. I
nade
quat
e m
arke
t adm
inis
trat
ion
syst
em.
6. M
arke
t fin
anci
ng: i
nade
quat
e fe
e sy
tem
and
fin
anci
alm
anag
emen
t.
7. L
ack
of d
ata
base
(pr
oduc
ts v
olum
e, m
arke
ting
volu
me/
pri
ce,
volu
me
of im
port
/ exp
ort.
1. D
evel
opm
ent
Goa
ls
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
an o
rder
ly w
hole
sale
mar
ket i
n m
etro
polit
an a
rea
for
frui
ts a
nd v
eget
able
s.
2. D
evel
opm
ent
Pro
ject
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
a w
hole
sale
mar
ket i
n th
e K
athm
andu
Val
ley
of th
e C
entr
al R
egio
n an
d in
the
Bir
atna
gar
Mun
icip
ality
of
the
Eas
tern
Reg
ion.
3. E
duca
tion
Tra
inin
g C
ompo
nent
s of
Dev
elop
men
t P
roje
ct
(1)
Soft
war
e co
mpo
nent
sE
stab
lishm
ent o
f m
arke
ting
and
trad
ing
syst
em, p
rice
mec
hani
sm (
open
sys
tem
), li
cens
ing,
qual
ity c
ontr
ol s
yste
m, m
arke
ting
info
rmat
ion
syst
em, w
aste
dis
posa
l sys
tem
, sec
urity
syst
em, f
inan
cial
man
agem
ent s
yste
m, e
duca
tion/
trai
ning
sys
tem
.
(2)
Har
dwar
e co
mpo
nent
s
1) K
athm
andu
New
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t:L
and
for
the
New
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t, M
arke
t Hal
l (fr
uit a
nd v
eget
able
), A
dmin
istr
atio
n &
Tra
inin
g C
ente
r, P
ilot P
roje
ct B
uild
ing.
2) B
irat
naga
r N
ew W
hole
sale
Mar
ket
Lan
d fo
r th
e N
ew W
hole
sale
Mar
ket,
Who
lesa
le M
arke
t Bui
ldin
g (f
ruit
and
vege
tabl
e),
Adm
inis
trat
ion
& T
rain
ing
Cen
ter
4. E
xecu
tive
Bod
y an
d T
arge
t G
roup
(1)
Exe
cutiv
e bo
dy: M
oAC
, MoA
C b
ranc
h of
fice
(D
AD
O/A
SC),
VD
C (
Vill
age
Dev
elop
men
t Com
mitt
ee),
MM
C (
Mar
ket M
anag
emen
t Com
mitt
ee),
Loc
al G
over
nmen
t(M
unic
ipal
ity)
(2) T
arge
t Gro
up: C
once
rned
org
aniz
atio
ns/a
genc
ies,
far
mer
s an
d w
omen
gro
ups,
trad
ers
orga
niza
tion,
inst
itutio
nal c
onsu
mer
s.
(1)
Con
tent
s of
Tec
hnol
ogy
Tra
nsfe
r1)
Res
earc
h an
d ac
quis
ition
of
mar
ketin
g kn
ow-h
ow
2)D
evel
opm
ent o
f da
ta b
ase
(at v
ario
us s
tage
s of
mar
ketin
g: p
rodu
ctio
n da
ta,
colle
ctio
n ce
nter
s da
ta, w
hole
sale
mar
ket d
ata,
ext
erna
l tra
de d
ata/
sta
tistic
s,M
oAC
/DA
DO
to e
stab
lish
natio
nal a
nd lo
cal l
evel
dat
abas
e)
3)C
onsc
ious
ness
of
farm
ers,
trad
ers
and
cons
umer
s on
qua
lity
and
pric
e
4)O
pen
mar
ketin
g sy
stem
and
pri
cing
mec
hani
sm in
clud
ing
auct
ion
syst
em
5)U
se a
nd m
anag
emen
t of
WM
6)D
evel
opm
ent o
f th
e re
late
d in
dust
ries
and
thei
r m
anag
emen
t tec
hnol
ogy:
Veg
etab
le a
nd f
ruits
sto
rage
and
pro
cess
ing
tech
nolo
gy, a
nd m
arke
ting
know
-ho
w
7)M
oder
niza
tion
tech
nolo
gy o
n ag
ricu
ltura
l mar
ketin
g
(2)
Met
hod
of T
echn
olog
y T
rans
fer
1)Po
licy
leve
l: R
egul
ar m
eetin
g am
ong
high
off
icia
ls a
t the
Mar
ketin
g B
oard
2)M
arke
t lev
el :
for
repr
esen
tativ
es o
f M
MC
and
per
sons
con
cern
ed
3)O
JT: U
se ,
man
agem
ent a
nd m
arke
t inf
orm
atio
n sy
stem
of
NW
M
4)M
oder
niza
tion
of a
gric
ultu
ral k
now
-how
& m
arke
ting
syst
em :
incl
udin
gfo
reig
n tr
aini
ng
Tab
le 1
3-1
E
duca
tion
and
Tra
inin
g P
lan
for
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
keti
ng D
evel
opm
ent
in t
he K
ingd
om o
f N
epal
(3/
5)2.
2. L
ives
tock
Mar
ketin
g Sy
stem
Wea
knes
s an
d D
evel
opm
ent I
ssue
s of
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
ketin
gSy
stem
Edu
catio
n T
rain
ing
Plan
Don
or’s
Tec
hnol
ogy
Ass
ista
nce
Sect
or3
Liv
esto
ckPr
oduc
tsM
arke
ting
Syst
em
1. L
imita
tion
of li
vest
ock
prod
uctio
n.
2. S
ocia
l con
stra
ints
on
mea
t con
sum
ptio
n.
3. P
oor
acce
ss to
the
who
lesa
le m
arke
ts.
4. L
ack
of m
arke
ting
faci
litie
s.
5. I
neff
ectiv
e qu
aran
tine
insp
ectio
n sy
stem
on
lives
tock
and
mea
ts.
6. L
ack
of m
arke
t inf
orm
atio
n sy
stem
.
7. L
ess
deve
lopm
ent o
f liv
esto
ck f
arm
er’s
org
aniz
atio
n.
8. L
ack
of k
now
ledg
e fo
r fo
od s
anita
tion
and
sani
tary
con
trol
.
1. D
evel
opm
ent
Goa
ls
Impr
ovem
ent o
f liv
esto
ck m
arke
t & s
laug
hter
sla
b an
d de
velo
pmen
t of
man
agem
ent s
yste
mby
the
Pilo
t Pro
ject
.
2. D
evel
opm
ent
Pro
ject
(1)
Impr
ovem
ent o
f liv
esto
ck m
arke
t and
col
lect
ion
cent
ers
(2)
Impr
ovem
ent o
f sl
augh
ter
slab
3. E
duca
tion
Tra
inin
g C
ompo
nent
s of
Dev
elop
men
t P
roje
ct
(1)
Soft
war
e C
ompo
nent
s
Edu
catio
n &
trai
ning
on
mar
ketin
g sy
stem
of
live
lives
tock
and
mea
t, ha
ndlin
g sy
stem
,tr
ansa
ctio
n sy
stem
, pri
ce in
form
atio
n sy
stem
, aw
aren
ess
for
sani
tary
mea
t and
issu
es o
ftr
aditi
onal
/ cus
tom
ary
mea
t con
sum
ptio
n pr
efer
ence
(2)
Har
dwar
e C
ompo
nent
s
Cat
tle s
hed,
sla
ught
er s
lab,
sto
rage
4. E
xecu
tive
Bod
y an
d T
arge
t G
roup
(1)
Exe
cutiv
e bo
dy: M
oAC
, MoA
C b
ranc
h of
fice
(D
LSO
), L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent,
MM
C(M
arke
t Man
agem
ent C
omm
ittee
)
(2) T
arge
t Gro
up:
Con
cern
ed o
rgan
izat
ions
/age
ncie
s, f
arm
ers
grou
ps, t
rade
rs o
rgan
izat
ion,
mea
t sel
lers
Sect
or4
Sani
tary
Con
trol
of L
ives
tock
Prod
ucts
1. L
ack
of s
uita
ble
slau
ghte
r ho
use
for
sani
tary
mea
t pro
duct
ion
2. W
eakn
ess
of e
nfor
cem
ent s
yste
m o
f co
ncer
ned
law
.
3. Q
ualit
y st
anda
rd o
f sa
nita
ry m
eat i
s no
t enf
orce
d.
4. L
ack
of k
now
ledg
e on
foo
d sa
nita
tion
and
hygi
ene
of th
e m
eat
prod
ucer
s.
5. L
ow c
onsu
mer
con
scio
usne
ss f
or s
anita
ry m
eat.
1. D
evel
opm
ent
Goa
ls
Stre
ngth
enin
g of
foo
d in
spec
tion
by th
e Pi
lot P
roje
ct to
ens
ure
sani
tary
mea
t to
cons
umer
s.
2. D
evel
opm
ent P
roje
ct
To
stre
ngth
en th
e ac
tiviti
es o
f D
FTQ
C in
Kat
hman
du.
3. E
duca
tion
Tra
inin
g C
ompo
nent
s of
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
(1)
Soft
war
e C
ompo
nent
s
Tox
ic m
atte
r er
adic
atio
n, e
xpan
sion
of
stan
dard
ized
com
mod
ities
and
pre
vent
ion
of f
ood
adul
tera
tion
and
food
bor
ne d
isea
ses.
(2)
Har
dwar
e C
ompo
nent
s
Res
earc
h an
d de
velo
pmen
t bui
ldin
g, m
achi
nery
and
equ
ipm
ent o
f D
FTQ
C.
4. E
xecu
tive
Bod
y an
d T
arge
t G
roup
(1)
Exe
cutiv
e B
ody:
MO
AC
C, D
FTQ
C
(2)
Tar
get G
roup
: DFT
QC
’s s
taff
, sta
ff o
f qu
aran
tine
che
ck p
osts
for
ani
mal
s, m
eat
proc
esso
rs a
nd s
elle
rs, c
onsu
mer
s.
(1)
Con
tent
s of
Tec
hnol
ogy
Tra
nsfe
r
1)L
ives
tock
mar
ket:
mar
ket m
anag
emen
t, O
& M
, mar
ket i
nfor
mat
ion
syst
em,
etc.
2)Sl
augh
ter
slab
: Tec
hnol
ogy
tran
sfer
on
hygi
enic
mea
t pro
duct
ion,
use
and
man
agem
ent o
f fa
cilit
ies
and
equi
pmen
t, co
nsum
ers
need
s
3)Sa
nita
ry c
ontr
ol o
f liv
esto
ck p
rodu
cts:
Kno
wle
dge
for
polic
y m
akin
g an
dte
chno
logy
, res
earc
h an
d te
st te
chno
logy
dev
elop
men
t of
rese
arch
sta
ff,
know
ledg
e on
mea
t qua
lity
/ inf
luen
ce o
n he
alth
/ sa
nita
ry p
rote
ctio
n
(2)
Met
hod
of T
echn
olog
y T
rans
fer
1)L
ives
tock
Pro
duct
s M
arke
t: L
ectu
rers
will
be
expe
rts
of d
onor
cou
ntry
, TL
DP,
NG
O a
nd d
omes
tic c
onsu
lting
eng
inee
rs e
tc f
or p
erso
nnel
con
cern
ed w
ithL
MM
C (
Liv
esto
ck M
arke
t Man
agem
ent C
omm
ittee
), g
over
nmen
t and
loca
lgo
vern
men
t off
icia
ls (
DL
S, D
LSO
, VD
C, D
DC
, Mun
icip
ality
),w
hole
sale
rs/tr
ader
s, r
epre
sent
ativ
e of
far
mer
’s g
roup
s an
d m
eat s
elle
rs.
2)Sl
augh
ter
hous
e: L
ectu
rers
will
be
expe
rts
of d
onor
cou
ntry
, TL
DP,
NG
O a
nddo
mes
tic c
onsu
lting
eng
inee
rs e
tc f
or o
ffic
ials
of A
nim
al Q
uara
ntin
e Se
ctio
n of
DL
S, R
egio
nal A
nim
al D
isea
ses
labo
rato
ry, D
LSO
, Qua
rant
ine
Che
ck P
osts
and
man
ager
of
slau
ghte
rhou
se a
nd m
eat s
elle
rs.
3)Sa
nita
ry C
ontr
ol o
f Liv
esto
ck P
rodu
cts:
Tec
hnol
ogy
tran
sfer
will
be
by s
emin
arfo
r re
sear
ch s
taff
, mea
t pro
cess
ors,
sel
lers
and
con
sum
ers.
4)B
asic
trai
ning
in f
orei
gn c
ount
ries
Tab
le 1
3-1
E
duca
tion
and
Tra
inin
g P
lan
for
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
keti
ng D
evel
opm
ent
in t
he K
ingd
om o
f N
epal
(4/
5)2.
3. F
ish
Mar
ketin
g Sy
stem
Wea
knes
s an
d D
evel
opm
ent I
ssue
s of
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
ketin
gSy
stem
Edu
catio
n T
rain
ing
Plan
Don
or’s
Tec
hnol
ogy
Ass
ista
nce
Sect
o5
Fish
Mar
ketin
gSy
stem
1. S
mal
l qua
ntity
of
fish
con
sum
ptio
n.
2. S
catte
red
prod
uctio
n ce
nter
s an
d sm
all s
cale
pro
duce
rs.
3. I
neff
icie
nt s
mal
l lot
tran
spor
tatio
n.
4. L
ack
of a
ppro
pria
te m
arke
ting
faci
litie
s.
5. I
neff
icie
nt tr
aditi
onal
fis
h m
arke
ting
syst
em.
6. W
eakn
ess
of d
ata
base
and
sta
tistic
al in
form
atio
n sy
stem
.
7. W
eak
mot
ivat
ion
and
part
icip
ator
y ap
proa
ch.
1. D
evel
opm
ent
Goa
ls
Goa
ls a
re th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f su
stai
nabl
e an
d ef
fici
ent f
ish
dist
ribu
tion
chai
n in
Ter
ai a
rea,
pove
rty
alle
viat
ion,
and
incr
ease
inco
me
oppo
rtun
ities
for
wom
en g
roup
s.
2. D
evel
opm
ent P
roje
ct
Dev
elop
men
t of
fish
far
min
g/ a
quac
ultu
re a
ctiv
ities
in m
argi
nal a
gric
ultu
ral l
and
situ
ated
eas
tof
Kos
hi B
arra
ge a
s a
prod
uctio
n ce
nter
with
fun
ctio
n of
inte
nsiv
e fi
sh c
olle
ctio
n an
ddi
stri
butio
n to
the
mar
ket c
ente
r.
3. E
duca
tion
Tra
inin
g C
ompo
nent
s of
the
Pro
ject
(1)
Soft
war
e C
ompo
nent
s1)
Str
engt
heni
ng o
f In
stitu
tion
FDD
, fis
hers
org
aniz
atio
n (m
anag
emen
t of
coop
erat
ives
and
mar
ketin
g, im
prov
emen
t of
aqua
cultu
re p
rodu
ctio
n sy
stem
, pro
per
fish
han
dlin
g, p
acki
ng a
nd q
ualit
y co
ntro
l.
2) E
stab
lishm
ent a
nd u
tiliz
atio
n of
fis
h tr
ust f
und
3) R
esea
rch
and
anal
ysis
(2)
Har
dwar
e C
ompo
nent
s
Col
lect
ion/
pac
king
cen
ter,
Pilo
t fis
h po
nd (
com
mun
ity f
ish
pond
), a
dmin
istr
ativ
e of
fice
.
4. E
xecu
tive
Bod
y an
d T
arge
t G
roup
(1)
Exe
cutiv
e B
ody
MoA
C, M
oAC
bra
nch
offi
ce (
DA
DO
), lo
cal g
over
nmen
t (V
DC
), c
omm
unity
org
aniz
atio
n.
(2)
Tar
get G
roup
Con
cern
ed o
rgan
izat
ions
/age
ncie
s, f
ishe
r gr
oups
(pa
rt-t
ime,
ful
l-tim
e), w
omen
gro
ups
(1)
Con
tent
s of
Tec
hnol
ogy
Tra
nsfe
r
Fish
erm
en o
rgan
izin
g m
etho
d, C
oope
rativ
e ac
tiviti
es f
or a
quac
ultu
re d
evel
opm
ent
tech
nolo
gy, P
lann
ed p
rodu
ctio
n an
d ef
fect
ive
farm
man
agem
ent s
yste
m, M
arke
ting
prom
otio
n te
chno
logy
, Dev
elop
men
t of
fish
erie
s st
atis
tics.
(2)
Met
hod
of T
echn
olog
y T
rans
fer
OJT
by
prof
essi
onal
kno
wle
dge
on m
arke
ting,
trai
ning
in I
ndia
, tes
t ope
ratio
n at
the
pilo
t pro
ject
.
Tab
le 1
3-1
E
duca
tion
and
Tra
inin
g P
lan
for
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
keti
ng D
evel
opm
ent
in t
he K
ingd
om o
f N
epal
(5/
5)
2.4.
Man
agem
ent S
yste
m Wea
knes
s an
d D
evel
opm
ent I
ssue
s of
the
Agr
icul
tura
l Mar
ketin
gSy
stem
Edu
catio
n T
rain
ing
Plan
Don
or’s
Tec
hnol
ogy
Ass
ista
nce
Sect
or6
Man
agem
ent
Syst
em
1. W
eakn
esse
s of
the
exis
ting
law
s re
late
d to
agr
icul
tura
l mar
ket
man
agem
ent s
yste
m: W
eakn
ess
of th
e M
oAC
dir
ectiv
es' l
egal
aspe
cts
and
lega
l aut
hori
ties,
MM
C f
orm
ed h
as n
o le
gal a
utho
rity
or le
gal s
tatu
s an
d M
MC
for
med
has
no
auto
nom
ous
stat
us.
2. W
eakn
esse
s of
the
exis
ting
law
s fo
r fa
rmer
’s m
arke
ting
coop
erat
ives
: law
s no
t sim
ple
nor
clea
r fo
r fa
rmer
s m
arke
ting
coop
erat
ive
inst
itutio
nal d
evel
opm
ent,
law
s no
t tun
ed to
war
dsfa
rmer
’s m
arke
ting
coop
erat
ive
deve
lopm
ent,
law
s m
ore
subs
iste
nce
orie
nted
rat
her
than
sup
port
ive
for
impr
ovin
gag
ricu
ltura
l mar
ketin
g de
velo
pmen
t.
3. W
eakn
esse
s of
the
Ope
ratio
n an
d M
anag
emen
t of
Col
lect
ion
Cen
ters
: mor
e su
bsis
tenc
e or
ient
ed r
athe
r th
an f
orco
mm
erci
aliz
ed m
arke
t man
agem
ent,
limita
tions
for
mar
ket
man
agem
ent e
spec
ially
in p
rici
ng m
echa
nism
, tra
nsac
tion
syst
em,
and
licen
sing
, lac
k of
pro
fit m
akin
g as
pect
s an
d un
clea
r fa
irbe
nefi
ts s
hari
ng, l
ack
of p
roce
ss f
or h
andi
ng o
ver
mar
ket
man
agem
ent o
f co
llect
ion
cent
ers
activ
ities
, no
lega
lly d
efin
edro
le f
or m
arke
ting
coop
erat
ives
in m
arke
t man
agem
ent
4. W
eakn
ess
of f
arm
ers’
and
loca
l tra
ders
’ or
gani
zatio
n: la
ck o
fgr
oup
appr
oach
for
gro
up b
enef
it, la
ck tr
ust w
ith g
roup
lead
er,
farm
ers
depe
ndin
g m
ore
on tr
ader
s, p
oor
deve
lopm
ent o
f lo
cal
trad
ers,
lack
of
asso
ciat
ion
of lo
cal t
rade
rs
5. W
eakn
ess
in in
stitu
tions
/ org
aniz
atio
ns in
volv
ed in
agr
icul
ture
mar
ketin
g:M
oAC
: low
ince
ntiv
e fo
r fi
eld
staf
f, li
mite
d m
anpo
wer
with
tech
nica
l ski
lls, l
ack
of tr
aine
d m
anpo
wer
in a
nd n
o pl
anni
ng f
orm
oder
niza
tion
of m
arke
t man
agem
ent s
yste
m, l
imite
dpa
rtic
ipat
ion
of th
e w
omen
far
mer
s in
com
mer
cial
pro
duct
ion
and
mar
ketin
gL
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent:
lack
of
skill
ed h
uman
res
ourc
es f
orag
ricu
ltura
l mar
ketin
g de
velo
pmen
t pro
gram
s, n
o pl
ans
for
the
impr
ovem
ent o
f th
e tr
aditi
onal
mar
ketin
g sy
stem
s, n
o pl
an f
or th
em
oder
niza
tion
of th
e m
arke
t man
agem
ent s
yste
m.
Far
mer
’s O
rgan
izat
ions
: mem
bers
not
trai
ned
in m
arke
tm
anag
emen
t act
iviti
es, l
ack
of r
esou
rces
and
cap
abili
ty, n
opr
ogra
m p
lann
ed f
or th
e m
oder
niza
tion
of m
arke
t man
agem
ent
syst
emT
rade
r’s
Org
aniz
atio
nla
ck o
f tr
aini
ng p
rogr
ams
in A
uctio
n Sy
stem
or
in a
ny o
ther
ope
nm
arke
ting
syst
em, l
ack
of o
rgan
ized
pri
vate
mar
ket m
anag
emen
tsy
stem
han
dled
by
the
trad
ers
and
who
lesa
lers
, lac
k of
res
ourc
esan
d ca
pabi
lity
for
impr
oved
mar
ket m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
Mar
ket
Man
agem
ent
Com
mit
tee
(MM
C):
MM
Cs’
exp
erie
nce
is li
mite
d to
two
year
s, m
embe
rs h
ave
no o
r lim
ited
expe
rien
ce a
sM
arke
t Man
ager
, lac
k of
res
ourc
es a
nd c
apab
ility
of
the
MM
Cs.
1. D
evel
opm
ent
Goa
ls
(1)
Est
ablis
hmen
t and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
law
s an
d re
gula
tions
of
mar
ket m
anag
emen
tsy
stem
.
(2)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
mar
ket m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
at w
hole
sale
mar
ket a
nd c
olle
ctio
n ce
nter
.
2. D
evel
opm
ent P
roje
ct
(1) T
o pr
ovid
e le
gal s
tatu
s to
the
form
atio
n of
the
prop
osed
MM
C a
t mar
ket c
ente
rs
(2) T
o pr
ovid
e le
gal s
tatu
s fo
r sm
all f
arm
ers
orga
niza
tions
(3) T
o pr
ovid
e le
gal s
tatu
s fo
r th
e in
volv
emen
t of
priv
ate
sect
or in
mar
ket m
anag
emen
t
(4) T
hus,
to p
rovi
de L
aws
and
Reg
ulat
ions
of
Mar
ket M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
, and
(5) T
o fo
rm a
n A
pex
Bod
y
3. E
duca
tion
Tra
inin
g C
ompo
nent
s of
the
Pro
ject
(1)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of:
Nep
al A
gric
ultu
ral M
arke
ting
Boa
rd o
r St
eeri
ng C
omm
ittee
, Mar
ket
Dev
elop
men
t Com
mitt
ee, M
MC
at W
M a
nd C
C.
(2)
Func
tion
of W
M a
nd C
C: E
stab
lishm
ent o
f m
arke
ting
and
trad
ing
syst
em, p
rice
mec
hani
sm (
open
sys
tem
), li
cens
ing,
qua
lity
cont
rol s
yste
m, m
arke
ting
info
rmat
ion
syst
em,
secu
rity
sys
tem
, fin
anci
al m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
, edu
catio
n/ tr
aini
ng s
yste
m.
4. E
xecu
tive
Bod
y an
d T
arge
t G
roup
(1)
Exe
cutiv
e B
ody:
Mar
ket D
evel
opm
ent D
irec
tora
te
(2)
Tar
get G
roup
: Con
cern
ed o
rgan
izat
ions
/age
ncie
s, u
sers
’ re
pres
enta
tives
of
agri
cultu
ral
mar
ketin
g sy
stem
(fa
rmer
s gr
oups
, tra
ders
and
pri
vate
sec
tor)
(1)
Con
tent
s of
Tec
hnol
ogy
Tra
nsfe
r
1) L
aw a
nd in
stitu
tion
on m
arke
t man
agem
ent s
yste
m
2) M
arke
t man
agem
ent s
yste
m o
f WM
and
CC
3) M
arke
ting
mod
erni
zatio
n tr
aini
ng
(2)
Met
hod
of T
echn
olog
y T
rans
fer
1) L
aw a
nd in
stitu
tion
on m
arke
t man
agem
ent s
yste
m:
a)E
stab
lishm
ent o
f ex
ecut
ive
body
at t
he N
atio
nal l
evel
to d
evel
op c
onse
nsus
amon
g of
fici
als,
man
ager
s an
d us
ers
of m
arke
ting
syst
ems
for
polic
y m
akin
g.
b)T
echn
olog
y tr
ansf
er a
nd m
onito
ring
at t
he v
ario
us le
vels
of
mar
ketin
g by
the
exec
utiv
e bo
dy.
2) M
arke
t man
agem
ent s
yste
m o
f WM
and
CC
: tra
inin
g of
the
repr
esen
tativ
es o
fM
MC
mem
bers
, far
mer
s or
gani
zatio
ns a
nd tr
ader
s as
soci
atio
ns a
t the
WM
and
,kn
owle
dge
of m
arke
ting
man
agem
ent i
n th
e su
rrou
nded
cou
ntri
es(I
ndia
, Bhu
tan,
Chi
na,,
Ban
glad
esh,
etc
.)
3) M
arke
ting
mod
erni
zatio
n tr
aini
ng: P
ilot o
pera
tion
of in
trod
uctio
n of
new
tech
nolo
gy a
t NW
M a
nd C
C.