study on high sensitive ffdl technique for monju and … education, culture, sports ... sodium...
TRANSCRIPT
T. Aoyamaa,b, T. Ishikawab, C. Itob, Y. Iwatab, Y. Morohashic
and T. Takedaa a Research Institute of Nuclear Engineering, University of Fukui
b Experimental Fast Reactor Department , Japan Atomic Energy Agency c Engineering Department, Fast Breeder Reactor Research and
Development Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Study on High Sensitive FFDL Technique for Monju and next generation SFR Using RIMS
FR13 conference
Paris, March, 2013
FFDL: Failed Fuel Detection and Location
RIMS: Laser Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry
1
Present study includes the result of “Core R&D program for commercialization of the
fast breeder reactor by utilizing Monju” entrusted to University of Fukui by the Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT).
Conventional technique FFDL: Tagging, Selector valve, Sipping (wet, dry)
Sodium leak detection: Sodium Ionization Detector (SID),
Radiation Ionization Detector(RID), Contact Leak Detector (CLD)
Ultra high sensitive (~ppt), Highly reliable (prevent from false signal)
- FFDL by measuring Xe, Kr gas
-Sodium leak detection by measuring sodium aerosol
Applied to
Introduction
Failed Fuel Detection and Location (FFDL) and
sodium leak detection are essential for SFR safety.
more sensitive, simple, robust, reliable,
RIMS: Laser Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry Ultra high sensitive (~ppt), Highly reliable (prevent from false signal)
2
…
What is RIMS ?
System Digital signal processor
Time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS)
Sample
gas
Tunable OPO laser system
Laser resonance ionization
Mass spectrometry
MC
P o
utp
ut
[mV
] 200
180
160
140
120
100
80 109 110 111
Flight time [μs]
1ppb
0.1ppb
128Xe
129Xe
130Xe
131Xe
132Xe
134Xe 136Xe 124Xe
126Xe
112
Ionization
potential
Exited
level
Ground level
λ=256.02nm
λ=256.02nm Xenon
(Natural Xe in Ar gas)
λ=256.02nm
3
What is RIMS ?
High sensitivity
< ppb, ~ ppt
High S/N
by selective ionization
Isotopic ratio measurement
by mass spectrometry
(Time-of-flight)
Characteristics System Digital signal processor
Time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS)
Sample
gas
Tunable OPO laser system
4
Resonance Ionization + Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometer (TOFMS)
Optical Parametric Oscillation (OPO) Adjustable Laser Beam Length
Kr (217 nm): OPO(557 nm)& YAG(355 nm) Sum Frequency Generator(SFG)
Xe (256 nm): OPO(512 nm) Second Harmonic Generator(SHG)
Ground
State
Ionization
Potential
Excited
State
2γ+1γ
λ
λ
λ
Isotopic analysis of Kr and Xe by Resonance
Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS)
TOFMS
5
YAG (355 nm)
OPO (557 nm)
SFG Sum
Frequency
Generator
(217 nm)
OPA: Optical Parametric Amplifier 557 nm 557 nm
355 nm 355 nm
Laser for Krypton Ionization (JAEA Oarai R&D Center)
6
Laser beam
Pulsed Supersonic Molecular Beam Valve (PSV)
Reflectron type TOFMS (JAEA Oarai R&D Center)
Oリング
ノズル
Gas
Gas
Current
Oリング
ノズル
Gas
Gas
Cur
rent
O-ring Nozzle
Gas Gas
Electric
Current
7
Procedure
1. Detect tag gas release
- Activated tag gas nuclides by OLGM 2. Identify ruptured capsule
- Isotopic ratios of tag gas by RIMS On-Line Gamma-ray
Monitor (Ge detector)
Core
Cover gas Volume :6.5m3
Gas sampling
Reactor vessel
φ 6.9 mm
42 m
m
Tag gas capsule
Capsule: Cylindrical tube
Xe: ~5cc, Kr: ~5cc
with no fuel
Temp. : 750 ˚C (max.)
Inner pressure (helium) :
< 22 MPa
Tag gas isotopic ratio
(6 kinds):
126Xe / 129Xe,
131Xe / 129Xe,
132Xe / 129Xe
Tag gas release experiments *1
(Joyo)
RIMS
(Off-line)
8
*1 C. Ito et al., “Experimental method of in-pile creep rupture behavior of ODS cladding materials
in the experimental fast reactor Joyo,” Journal of Power and Energy Systems (2008)
~100 %
released from the capsule Core
Gas sampling
Reactor vessel
Tag gas release experiments
(Joyo)
RIMS
(Off-line)
Radio
activity (
Bq/c
c)
Tag gas radioactivity in primary cover gas
101
102
103
Jun.12 Jun.13 Jun.14 Jun.15'06
127Xe
135Xe
OLGM signal increased
at ‘06 Jun. 12 22:08
Cover gas sampling
at ‘06 Jun. 13 9:36
9
Cover gas Volume :6.5m3
0
50
100
150
200
108 109 110 111 112
Natural
xenon
Mass spectrum by RIMS
MC
P o
utp
ut (m
V)
124Xe
126Xe
128Xe
129Xe
130Xe
131Xe
132Xe
134Xe 136Xe
Flight time (µs)
Measured
gas
Xenon isotopic ratios
Result of RIMS measurement
(Joyo)
Tag gas was successfully identified by measuring
xenon isotopic ratios.
Tag gas No. 126Xe
/129Xe
131Xe
/129Xe
132Xe
/129Xe
1 0.632 0.896 0.891
2 0.069 0.101 0.298
3 0.209 0.890 0.101
4 0.630 0.301 0.101
5 0.629 0.102 0.892
6 0.071 0.888 0.889
by RIMS 0.065 0.099 0.295
Tag gas No. 126Xe
/129Xe
131Xe
/129Xe
132Xe
/129Xe
1 0.632 0.896 0.891
2 0.069 0.101 0.298
3 0.209 0.890 0.101
4 0.630 0.301 0.101
5 0.629 0.102 0.892
6 0.071 0.888 0.889
by RIMS 0.065 0.099 0.295
10
Ar供給系
ベーパトラップ
ポンプ
流量計
γ線検出器
ベーパトラップ
Ar Gas
γ-ray Detector
Flow Meter
Pump
Sodium sipping
Procedure
Sipping
Port
S/A
Na
Ar
Gas +Na
Loop B
DN Detector (A)
Core
FP
Coolant (Sodium)
DN Detector (B)
Failed Fuel
Loop A
Coolant Flow
Coolant Flow
FP
Cesium Trap
(0.1mm x 1mm)
Spacer wire
Gas plenum
Axial reflector
Fuel pellet
Cladding
Slit(pre-defected)
Test Pin
Ar+FP
Bubbling
FP +Na
Fuel failure simulation test in Joyo *2
(test fuel pin with a slit at gas plenum region)
11
*2 K. Ishida et al., “Fuel failure simulation test in the experimental fast
reactor Joyo,” Proc. of GLOBAL 2005, Tsukuba, Japan (2005)
MC
P o
utp
ut
(mV
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
108 109 110 111 112
124Xe 126Xe
128Xe
129Xe 131Xe
136Xe 130Xe
-------
Natural Xenon
gas
Flight Time (µs)
------
Measured
cover gas
132Xe
134Xe
133Xe
Radioactive nuclide:
“133Xe” was detected
(~10ppt)
RIMS was able to assume the burn-up of the
failed fuel subassembly; even it can be
applicable to selector valve (for JSFR). 12
Reactor vessel Coolant sodium
Defect hole
Fuel pin
RIMS can measure tag gas isotopic ratios
directly with no concentration process
Tag gas capsule
(Xe: 1cc, Kr: 1cc)
Procedure
using magnetic sector
mass spectrometer
Gas release
Cover gas volume:
70 m3
5 % released from failed fuel
> 7 ppt
1. Concentration
~ ppm
2. Measurement
FFDL using tag gas (Monju)
Fission-product gas
Tag gas
13
Mass spectrum of Kr and Xe by RIMS
(natural abundance)
14
57000 53000 54000 55000 56000
80
60
40
20
0
Time of flight (ns)
Xe-124
(8ppt)
Xe-130
(319ppt)
Xe-129
(2053ppt)
Xe-134
(809ppt)
Xe-136
(692ppt)
Xe-132
(2092ppt)
Xe-126
(7ppt)
Xe-128
(149ppt)
Xe-131
(1656ppt)
Io
n sig
na
l in
te
nsity (m
V)
Xe: 7ppb (total)
Laser wavelength : 256nm
Laser power : 9.5mJ
Measurement time : 2000s
Amplification : X10
Kr-78
(7ppt)
Concentration
(Red marked nuclide
is used as tag gas
for Monju FFDL)
Kr-80
(45ppt)
Kr-82
(229ppt)
Kr-83
(227ppt)
Kr-84
(1124ppt)
Kr-86
(341ppt)
Time of flight (ns)
42000 43000 44000 45000
Io
n sig
na
l in
te
nsity (m
V)
120
90
60
30
0
Kr: 2ppb (total)
Laser wavelength : 217nm
Laser power : 3.0mJ
Measurement time : 2000s
Amplification : X100
2
1
0
42000 43000
126Xe/
129Xe was measured within 7.1% error (1 σ)
Less than 25 % 15
Identification of neighboring Xe tag gas
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040 Is
oto
pe rat
io(
126Xe/
129Xe)
Fuel Burn-up (MWd/t)0 98,000
Tag No.1
Tag No. 2
Spaci
ng
fact
or(
1.2
5)
Manufacturing
error: 2 % Design value
Tag No.1 upper l imit
Tag No.2 lower l imit
78Kr/
80Kr was measured within 4.7% error (1 σ)
Less than 25 % 16
Identification of neighboring Kr tag gas
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6 Is
oto
pe rat
io(7
8Kr/
80Kr)
0 98,000
Tag No.1
Tag No. 2S
paci
ng
fact
or(
1.2
5)
Manufacturing
error: 2 %
Tag No.2 lower l imit
Tag No.1 upper l imit
Design value
Fuel Burn-up (MWd/t)
0
20
40
60
80
100
54 54.5 55 55.5 56
2012
2006
Measured Tag Gas Sampled in Joyo
Measured in 2012 (1/893) Same concentration in Monju primary cover gas
Measured in 2006 (1) 126Xe : about 10 ppt
Time of Flight(μs)
Ion s
ignal in
tensity(
mV
)
<Tag Gas Nuclide Ratio>
17
128Xe
129Xe
130Xe
131Xe
132Xe
134Xe 136Xe
126Xe
Ratio of Measured Nuclide 126Xe 128Xe 129Xe 131Xe 132Xe
2012 / 2006 0.97 0.94 1 1.09 1.02
124Xe
0
20
40
60
80
100
54 54.5 55 55.5 56
2012
2006
Measured Tag Gas Sampled in Joyo
Measured in 2012 (1/893) Same concentration in Monju primary cover gas
Measured in 2006 (1) 126Xe : about 10 ppt
Ion s
ignal in
tensity(
mV
)
<Tag Gas Nuclide Ratio>
18
Ratio of Measured Nuclide 126Xe 128Xe 129Xe 131Xe 132Xe
2012 / 2006 0.97 0.94 1 1.09 1.02
124Xe
128Xe
129Xe
130Xe
131Xe
132Xe
134Xe 136Xe
126Xe
Time of Flight(μs)
Outlook of RIMS system
19
Laser for Xenon
Laser for Krypton
Ionization
Chamber
Shielding Tube for Laser Beam
Air conditioner
TOFMS
Air conditioning
booth
Cooler for
Laser
Aux. Laser
(for Kr, Xe)
Expanded View
Mirror
20
Primary cover gas supply line
The sampling tank is installed
in front of Ionization chamber
in order to supply the cover gas
above atmospheric pressure.
Ar cover gas
Primary Ar cover gas line
Coolant
Sodium
TOFMS
Cover gas
sampling tank
Waste gas line
or
Ar cover gas
V1
Ionization
chamber
PSV
Oリング
ノズル
Gas
Gas
Current
Oリング
ノズル
Gas
Gas
Curr
ent
O-ring Nozzle
Gas Gas
Electric
Current
Valve
FFDL system (present)
V2
V3
FFDL (RIMS)
Reactor Vessel
Charcoal
filter bed
Min. : +31kPa(gage)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
-10 10 30 50 70A
mount of ion signal (V・ns)
Gage pressure(kPa)
Measured while changing the pressure of
sampling tank.(Total 1300 seconds mesured)
129Xe:2ppb
20
Sampling tank
(placed inside Pb shield )
The high sensitive Failed Fuel Detection
and Location technique for fast reactors
has been developed using RIMS.
Major Achievements
- Tag gas (krypton and Xenon) was successfully identified
with no concentration process in Joyo.
- Burn-up of the failed fuel subassembly can be assumed.
- Prototype FFDL system for Monju was proposed.
Summary
Further enhancement of fast reactor safety
21
JSFR
ASTRID
Monju
The RIMS FFDL system is expected to be a promising innovative instrumentation system for future SFRs.
RIMS Research Members
University of Fukui, RINE
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Oarai, Joyo
Tsuruga, Monju
23
Thank you for your kind attention
Merci Beaucoup !