Study of Seerah of Prophet Muhammad PBUH as role model for

INDIVIDUAL

DIPLOMAT

EDUCATOR

MILITARY STRATEGIST

PEACE MAKER

Introduction1. He (PBUH) was not a Preceptor for a specific subject

2. Neither did he categorize any specific group to be his disciples, Preceptor for all the human groups

3. His teaching comprises for mankind of all ages

4. His universal Prophet hood is described as Allah Almighty says:

“And we have not sent you (O Muhammad (PBUH) except as a giver of glad tidings and Warner to all mankind, but most of men know not.”

“Say (O Muhammad (PBUH): O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the messenger of Allah”

Multidimensional Teachings1. All departments of life were touched by his inspirational teaching

2. Ethical, matrimonial, socio-political and economic life, his sayings for military, religion, management and health

3. His Seerah is as relevant to our dilemmas as it is for all the times

4. He also gave psychological and legal guidance to humanity

5. Along with men he educated women, children and even slaves

Role Model as

IndividualDiplomatEducator

Military Strategist Peace Maker

As an Individual1. Preceptor of Ethics

2. As a Social Preceptor

3. As Trader

As individual In order to give ethics and purify all ethical ills, his personality presents a complete, comprehensive and safe pattern to be followed

He vividly described the purpose of his Prophethood in these words: “That I have been sent to complete good morals”

The basic purpose of his Prophethood was to show a climax of good morals As a moral Preceptor he himself was embodiment of lofty moral values

Hazrat Abuzar Ghaffari (R.A) sent his brother to view his

Seerah and message and his brother told him: “I saw Holy Prophet

(PBUH) gives education of good morals

Individual in Social Life

Important rules of Social Life / Education

1. Do not be jealous of others

2. Do not provoke each other to mutual opposition

3. Do not feel malice

4. Do not break relations with others

5. Do not make a bargain over someone else’s bargain

6. Do not be cruel to one another

7. Do not leave each other helpless

8. Do not insult one another

9. Every Muslim’s blood, property, honor are unlawful to the other◦ Even to be virtuous or wicked depends upon the evidence of the neighbors. So, in social education to

consider the rights of relatives and neighbors was regarded a standard of faith

As an individual in Politics The Holy Prophet also educated humanity in the field of politics In political life he abolished sovereignty of man over other men and established a system of the sovereignty of Allah

He commanded:

“There is no obedience of creature in the disobedience to God”

Principles of Political Life1. Sovereignty of Allah

2. Human Rights

3. Equality before law

4. Social Justice

5. Consultancy in governance

6. Khalafat of Man Kind

7. Decision by Shura

Individual in Economic Life1. Sacredness of lawful Earning

2. Obligations of Charity and Zakat

3. Prohibition of Interest

4. Determined the rights and duties of the employer and the employed

Almida 03

Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

اورخنزیرکا اورخون مردار گیا تمپرحرامکیانام کا دوسر سوا ک پرالل اورجس ےگوشت ے ہاورجو و مرا س گھٹن گال اورجو و گیا ہپکارا ے ے ہجگہ چی ن و ا و ج ر و ا و ہ ا گی ر م ے س رب ض ی کسے رن ا م گ ن ی س کے ی کس جو ر و ا و ہ ا ر م کر گر ے سو کھایا پھاڑ ن درندوں اورجس و مرا ہس ے ے ہ ےاورجو یں حرامن تو کرڈالو تمذبح اس ہلیکن ےکے ہ رع ق کہ ی ھ ب ہ ی ر و ا و ہ ا گی ا کی ح ب ذ ر پ ں و ن ا ت س آابدترین سب ی کرو گیری فال ذریع ک ہتیروں ے ےوگئ، ناامید س تماردین کفار آج یں، گناه !، ا ن ہ ر ے رت ڈ ے س جھ م ر و ا ا رن ڈ ہ ن ے س ن ا م ت ر ا د ر ب خاورتم کردیا کامل کو دین لئ ار تم ن میں ےآج ے ہ ےاسالم لئ ار تم اور انعامبھرپورکردیا ےپراپنا ے ہشخص جو پس وگیا پررضامند ون دین ککہ ی ط ر ش ب ے ئ ا ج و ہ ر ا ر ق ے ب ں ی م وک ھ ب کی ت د ش h یقینا تو و ن میالن کا اس طرف گناهکی کسی

ے ہ ن ا ب ر ہ م ا ڑ ب ہت ب ر و ا ا و ے ن کر ف ا ع م ٰیی ل ا ع ت ہ ل ل الا

As a trader1. Encouraged industrialization and trade

2. The biggest source of man’s exploitation is interest and the biggest evil that destroys man’s morals and character is wine/drinking

3. The income got from interest, wine, and adultery absolutely unlawful

4. Excellent rules of marketing by prohibiting to make a bargain over another bargain, to sell goods at the place from where purchased, and to sell it before gaining its possession

5. He founded trade upon hard work, exchange of beneficial things, services and mutual willingness instead of cheating or coincidence

6. Even today these Eco-Trade teachings are the singular source of solving economical problems

As Military Strategist

Famous military Strategists

1. Sun Tzu defined 13 principles in his The Art of War

A Chinese military general, strategist Born: 544-496 BC

2. Napoleon’s 115 maxims on war

3. General Nathan Bedford Forrest

Sun Tzu principles in his The Art of War

The art of war is governed by five constant factors,

1.The Moral Law

2.Heaven

3.Earth

4.The Commander

5.Method and discipline

Napoléon Bonaparte1. Napoléon Bonaparte had pioneered the "Principles of War“

2. The armies of today are based on the organization created by Napoleon

3. Originally concerned with strategy, grand tactics and tactics,

4. The principles are largely applied to the strategic decision-making, and in some cases, to operational mobility of forces

Principles of war in the Soviet Union and Russia from (Soviet AirLand Battle Tactics.)

1. High combat readiness

2. surprise, decisiveness and active seeking to secure the initiative

3. full use of all means of combat

4. coordination and interaction of all types and branches

5. decisive concentration

6. simultaneous attack in depth

7. full use of morale-political factor

8. firm and continuous command and control

9. decisiveness during the mission

10. security of combat operations

11. timely restoration of troop combat readiness

General Nathan Bedford Forrest American Civil War General had only one: to "[get] there first with the most men

United States principles of war(US Army Field Manual)

Objective –early defined, decisive and attainable objective

Offensive – Seize, retain, and exploit the initiative

Mass – Mass the effects of overwhelming combat power at the decisive place and time

Economy of Force – Employ all combat power available in the most effective way possible

Maneuver – Place the enemy in a position of disadvantage Unity of Command – For every objective, seek unity of command and unity of effort

Security – Never permit the enemy to acquire unexpected advantage.

Surprise – Strike the enemy at a time or place or in a manner for which he is unprepared

Simplicity – Prepare clear, uncomplicated plans and concise orders

Holy Prophet as Military Strategist

Strategy in Badar 624 AD1. The Makkans had 3-1 superiority -adequate for a

breakthrough

2. The Muslims wanted to return to Medina and fight there, but the holy Prophet wished to stand and fight at Badr and his desire prevailed

3. It is the considered view of historians, both Muslims and others that the battle of Badr was won by the Muslims with Allah's blessings and owing to the personal leadership of the holy Prophet

Analysis It was the correct decision from the tactical and political point of view

He was able to galvanize his small force and motivate them with his personal courage and conviction to attain victory

Holy prophet was knowing the train Holy Prophet gave his followers two tactical advantages

I. the choice of ground and time of attack; selected hard ground for his forceII. and forced the Makkans to attack through soft sand with the sun in their

eyes

What is important

کو نصرت تیری فرشتے کر پیدا بدر فضائے

بھی اب قطار اندر قطار سے گردوں ہیں سکتے اتر

کی اسباب بدر فضائےتو اسباب ہوتی۔ نہیں محتاج

ہے ہوتی متاع سی تھوڑی

War of Uhad 625 AD 1. A force of about 3,000 Makkans arrived near Medina to defeat the Muslims

2. Holy Prophet wished to fight around the city itself but accepted the advice of the elders to have the battle outside Medina

3. Holy prophet led a force of 1000 Muslims and the battle took place near the hill of Uhad

4. Losses were heavy on both sides

5. Khalid bin Walid with his cavalry nearly turned the tide for the Makkans

6. The holy Prophet PBUH successfully exhort his followers to hold fast compelling the Makkan force to withdraw

War of Trench (khanqaq)/ Battle of the Confederates ( االحزاب AD 627 (غزوة

Makkans made yet another attempt to defeat and destroy the Muslims in Medina

attacking force was 10,000 strong, the biggest force ever seen in Arabia

3,000 Muslims for the defense of Medina, but he had a large ditch dug around the vulnerable areas of the city

This was a revolutionary idea at the time These defenses were able to halt the enemy advance, punish his attempts to cross and eventually forced the Makkans to withdraw with considerable losses

War of Khaiber In September 628 the holy Prophet marched to Kheibar, 75 miles north of Medina

Kheibar was an action against the Jews and consisted of a series of battles against fortified positions had to be reduced

This was the first occasion when the Muslims came across fixed defenses.

The holy Prophet PBUH took Wadi al Qura, also inhabited by Jews

As war with Muslims seemed imminent, the Jews of Khaybar entered into an alliance with the Jews of Fadak

Fattha E Makkah January 630 The holy Prophet occupied Makkah along with 10,000 followers It was a peaceful capture of Makkah Having taken Makkah the supreme triumph of the career, the circle was complete Muslims defeated the tribe of Hawazin east of Makkah at Hunain

Battle of Tebook September 630 September 630 the Holy Prophet led an expedition to the Byzantine frontier to the north as it was reported that a large garrison of Byzantine troops had gathered at Tebook

The holy Prophet led an army of 30,000 At Tebook he signed an agreement with the local Christian and Jewish leaders under which they were afforded protection and in return they agreed to pay pool tax

This was the pattern followed later in all cases

Reason for war against the Byzantine Empire/ Tabook One of Muhammad's ambassadors was killed by Sharhabeel bin ‘Amr Al-Ghassani (the governor of Al-Balqa). This led to the Battle of Mutah The emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Heraclius was preparing a force to demolish the growing Muslim power in the region Ar-Rahīq al-Makhtum by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri

Holy Prophet as Military Strategist

1. Before taking a final decision the holy Prophet always consulted his companions

2. Occupying strategically locations

3. Disobeying the commander may reverse the result of war

4. Consolidation after war was important too

5. Pre-emptive strike against emery

6. General immunity after war

As diplomat

Qualities of a diplomat Ambassador Robert D. Blackwill

Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy

1. Passion for the art and craft of diplomacy and international relations

2. Ensure meticulous attention to detail

3. Be a tough and effective negotiator

4. Know History

5. Prudently speak your opinion to power

6. Be loyal and truthful

7. Cultivate policy flexibility

8. Know political ideology

9. Take advantage of luck when you encounter it

Back Ground of Charter of Madina

1. In last years in Mecca, a delegation from Medina, consisting of the representatives of the 12 important clans of Medina, invited Holy prophet as a neutral outsider to Medina to serve as the chief arbitrator for the entire community

2. There was fighting in Medina mainly involving its pagan and Jewish i for around a hundred years before 620

3. The recurring slaughters and disagreements over the resulting claims,

4. it obvious to them that the tribal conceptions of blood-feud and an eye for an eye were no longer workable unless there was one man with authority to adjudicate in disputed cases

Increasing influence of Quresh-e-Makkah

1. The delegation pledged themselves and their fellow-citizens to accept Muhammad into their community and physically protect him as one of themselves

2. Charter of Medina, Established Federation" among the eight Medni tribes and Muslim emigrants

3. And the threat to the life of both the Ansar and the Muslims was such that they were reported as having to sleep by their weapons all night

4. Two Options1. Gaining the control of Trade routes of Quresh with Syria2. Peace treaty with neighbors

Major clauses of the Charter of Madina المدينه 622   ميثاق

1. Fidiya/Qasas shall continue

2. The mutual assistance of each other if one signatory were to be attacked by a third party

3. Freedom to posses religion-The resolution that the Muslims would profess their religion and the Jews theirs

4. The appointment of Muhammad as the leader of the state

5. No one shall protect the Quraish-e-Makkah

6. If a peace treaty is signed between one party other shall accept ( not in case of religious issues)

Analysis Charter of Madina   المدينه 1/2ميثاق1. Constitution of Medina, to regulate the matters of governance of the city

2. The extent and nature of inter-community relations

3. A signatories to it included the Muslims, the Ansar and the various Jewish tribes of Medina

4. To end the bitter intertribal fighting between the rival clans of Banu Aws and Banu Khazraj

5. To maintain peace and cooperation among all Medinan groups for fashioning them into a social unity

6. To ensured freedom of religious beliefs and practices for all citizens

7. To assured that representatives of all parties, Muslim or non-Muslim, should be present when consultation occurs or in cases of negotiation with foreign states

Cont… 2/28. No one should go to war before consulting the Prophet

9. It established the security of women

10. A tax system for supporting the community in times of conflict

11. A judicial system for resolving disputes

12. It declared the role of Medina as a ḥaram (حرم, “ sacred place"), where no weapons can be carried and no blood spilled

13. Specified the rights and duties of all citizens and the relationship of the different communities in Medina (including that of the Muslim community to other communities, specifically the Jews and other "Peoples of the Book"

Quotes1. The constitution reveals Muhammad's great diplomatic skills,It

allows the ideal that he cherished of an Ummah (community) based clearly on a religious outlook to sink temporarily into the background and is shaped essentially by practical considerations (Encyclopedia of Islam )

2. Constitution of Medina is the precious documents, it turned in prostrating both the Roman and the Persian Empires in two decades (In the shadow of the sword: The Battle for Global Empire and the End of the Ancient World, Tom Holland)

Analysis1. Bernard Lewis one important aspects was the inclusion of the Jewish tribes in the

Ummah because although the Jewish tribes were "one community with the believers," they also "have their religion and the Muslims have theirs."

2. The contract was built upon the concept of one community of diverse tribes living under the sovereignty of one God

3. Muhammad T-U-Q argues that it is the first written charter, He has published an e-book of the 63 constitutional articles

4. The Charter of Medina also instituted peaceful methods of dispute resolution among diverse groups living as one people but without assimilating into one religion, language, or culture

Rights of non-Muslims The security of God is equal for all groups

Non-Muslim members will have the same political and cultural rights as Muslims

They will have autonomy and freedom of religion

Non-Muslims will take up arms against the enemy of the Ummah and share the cost of war

There is to be no betrayal between the two

Non-Muslims will not be obliged to take part in religious wars of the Muslims

Treaty of Hudabia628

Treaty of Hudabia-Back ground1. In March 628 the treaty of Hudaibiya was signed which showed

the holy Prophet as a statesman who could achieve his objective without resort to arms

2. To realize a dream the holy Prophet wished to perform Umra and left Medina with about 1600 followers

3. When the Quresh heard of his journey they deployed 200 horsemen to prevent his advance

4. Many attempts of negotiation failed

5. Baiat-e-Rizwan

Treaty of Hudabia The main points of the treaty

1. There would be peace between the two sides for 10 years2. The Muslims would not perform Umra that year but could return

the following year and stay in Makkah for three days3. Muslims shall come without arm , next year4. Madni Muslims cant take Makki Muslims with them, if a Mandi

muslim want to stay he shall be allowed5. If any Makki went to Madina he shall be returned not the Madni6. Arab Tribes shall be allowed to join any aprty i.e Muslim or Quraish

Significance of the Ummah1. Redefinition of ties between Muslims

2. It sets relationship of faith above blood-ties and emphasizes individual responsibility

3. Tribal identities are still important, and are used to refer to different groups, but the important relation for the newly created ummah was religion In contrasts with the norms of pre-Islamic Arabia

4. This is an important event in the development of the small group of Muslims in Medina to the larger Muslim community and empire

Aftermath 1. In 629, the Muslims returned as promised in the treaty, for the first pilgrimage

2. The next year, the clan of the Banu Bakr, allied with the Quraish, attacked the Bedouin Khuza'a, Muslims’ allies

3. Muhammed considered the Banu Bakr attack a breach of the treaty, citing one of the clauses of the treaty: "an attack on an ally of the party, will be considered an attack on the party itself", and offered the Quraish three alternatives:

Dissolve their alliance with the Banu Bakr Compensate by paying money Dissolve the treaty

4. The Quraish chose the third alternative, Muslims decided to march on to Mecca with an army of 10,000, leading to the Conquest of Mecca

Analysis1. As the subsequent events show, this treaty proved to be

beneficial for the cause of Islam2. It ended the atmosphere of constant hostility and the non-

believers of Makkah started coming to Madinah3. Having free contacts with the believers, they got the chance to

study closely the Islamic way of life4. Large number of unbelievers accepted Islam after this treaty5. This was the turning point for the Muslims and thus proved the

victory later for Muslims

As peace Makers

Pre Prophethood1. Half Al-fazool

2. Fixing Hijer-e-Aswad

3. Charter of Madina

4. Hudabiya Treaty

5. Kept the treaty of Shaib-e-Abi Talib

6. Did not opted curse for people of Taif

Al-Fudoul Confederacy1. At the conclusion of herb-e-Fijar /wars peace was restored

2. People felt the need for forming confederacy at Makkah for suppressing violence and injustice, and vindicating the rights of the weak and the destitute

3. Representatives of Banu Hashim, Banu Al-Muttalib, Asad bin ‘Abd Al-‘Uzza, Zahrah bin Kilab and Taim bin Murra were called to meet in the habitation of an honourable elderly man called ‘Abdullah bin Jada‘an.

The Messenger of All [pbuh] witnessed this league and commented

"I witnessed a confederacy in the house of ‘Abdullah bin Jada‘an. It was more appealing to me than herds of cattle. Even now in the period of Islam I would respond positively to attending such a meeting if I were invited." [Ibn Hisham 1/113,135]

In fact, the spirit of this confederacy and the course of deliberations therein marked a complete departure from the pre-Islamic tribal- pride. The story that led to its

As an Educator

1. Opted to teach the people around him

2. Addressing the gathering