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Study Guide — History of Latin America and Caribbean

1) What is the “Columbian Exchange?”The movement of goods (foods, plants, people, etc.) between Europe (the Old World) and the Americas (the New World).

2) What happened to the population of the Native Americans once the Europeans arrived in the new world?The native American population significantly decreased over time.

3) What ways did the Europeans hurt Native Americans in the AmericasNatives were enslaved and contracted diseases from the Europeans.

4) What is the “Triangular Trade”?The movement of goods (foods, plants, slaves, etc.) between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

5) What 3 regions were effected by the Triangular Trade?Europe, Africa, and the Americas

6) Describe what “products” were shipped to each of the 3 regions?To Africa Pots, pans, weapons, metal goods, etc. from EuropeTo Americas Slaves from AfricaTo Europe Agricultural goods and minerals from the Americas.

7) Where did the Europeans of the 16th century find cheap labor for work in the New World (Americas)?Slaves from Africa

8) What is the main reason the Europeans chose slaves from Africa to use as a labor source?Africans were experienced farmers and used to the veru hot temperatures.

9) Which animal brought over by the Europeans was most helpful?Horses

10) Which two European countries contributed MOST to the languages of Latin America?Spain & Portugal

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11) Toussaint L’Ouverture was most famous for gaining independence for what country?Haiti

12) How did the French convince Toussaint L’Ouverture and his men to fight with them against Spain?They promised freedom to the slaves that were fighting with L’Ouverture.

13) Who imprisoned (country) Toussaint L’Ouverture?France

14) Why was Simon Bolivar known as “The Libertador?”Because he liberated (freed) many South American countries

15) Which country did Bolivar and his army gain independence from?Spain

16) This country, Bolivar’s home country, gained their independence from Bolivar’s efforts?Venezuela

17) What other countries did Bolivar help gain its independence?Panama, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, & Ecuador

18) What was the occupation of Miguel Hidalgo?He was a Catholic priest

19) What country did Miguel Hidalgo help gain its independence?Mexico

20) Who took over as dictator in Cuba in 1959? Who was the dictator before that?Fidel Castro, and he overthrew Fulgencia Batista

21) What type of government did Fidel Castro create?Communist

22) Which country helped him build Cuba into a communist community?Soviet Union

23) What Soviet possession was located on Cuba that nearly caused WWIII or a nuclear war?Nuclear weapons

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24) What man were the Zapatistas named after?Emiliano Zapata

25) What did the Zapatistas fight for?Improved civil rights and living conditions of the indigenous people of Mexico

26) Why did the Zapatistas NOT like NAFTA?It allowed cheap crops to flood into Mexico, hurting the poor Mexican farmers, and the Zapatistas also believed it favored the wealthy and hurt the poor

27) What did the Zapatistas do to show they were against NAFTA?The day NAFTA was put in place the Zapatistas took hostage of 7 towns in the Mexican state of Chiapas.