Student Name: Student ID:

Dear parents/guardians,

Next year in Social Studies your child will be taking the Civics End of Course

Assessment. To better ensure his/her success, it is HIGHLY recommended that this

summer packet be completed. Students who complete summer packet will be

receiving extra credit in their 2017-2018 Civics Class. You will also note possible

school supplies and resources that will be utilized in the upcoming school year.

We look forward to a successful and educational year. See you next year!

Regards,

The W.R. Thomas Civics Team

What will I learn in Civics in the first 9 weeks?

I. WHAT IS CIVICS?

Purpose of Government

Rule of law

U.S. Citizenship

Civic Roles, Rights and Responsibilities

II. FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT:

Enlightenment ideas of John Locke and Montesquieu

Influence from England’s early government

i. Magna Carta

ii. English Bill of Rights

iii. Mayflower Compact

iv. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Declaration of Independence

Colonial Complaints

Specific Grievances vs. Natural Rights

III. CREATING THE US CONSTITUTION:

Articles of Confederation

i. Debt

ii. Shay’s Rebellion

iii. Weaknesses

Constitutional Convention

i. Plans

ii. Compromises

Federalists vs Anti-Federalists

IV. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION:

Current Political Party ideals

i. Communist

ii. Democratic

iii. Libertarian

iv. Republican

v. Socialist

Qualification/experience

issue-based platforms of candidates for political office

Election/Voting process (mock election)

V. MONITORING GOVERNMENT:

Media Influence

Interest Group Influence

i. Political Action Committees

ii. Special interest groups and lobbying

Individual Influence (watchdog)

Media/ Political Communication (Bias, symbolism and propaganda )

Basic Civics School Supply List

** NOTE: Additional supplies will be needed depending on the teacher/class your child is

placed in.

College Rule Notebook Paper

1 Ream of white or colored computer paper

1 box of Markers or coloring pencils

Headphones (for tablet use)

2 GB (minimum) Flash drive

Blue or black ink pens

2 mechanical pencils --or-- 2 pencils w/ sharpener (must be #2)

1 Checking Pen (ink must either be: red, green, purple or pink)

1 Highlighter

Optional Textbook Resource: Students will be given the opportunity to purchase a Civics

End of Course Exam workbook for $15.

Summer Activity Timeline:

June Activities July Activities August Activities

Register on www.icivics.org

- Click Join iCivics

- Register as a student

(you will need to

remember your

email, username,

and password)

Go to:

http://www.americanhistor

y.si.edu/citizenship/

Take the sample

Citizenship test.

Get school supplies during

TAX FREE WEEKEND:

August 5th –7th 2016

Play games on

www.iCivics.org

(play 2-3 games per week)

Play games on

www.iCivics.org

(play 2-3 games per week)

Play games on

www.iCivics.org

(play 2-3 games per week)

Watch at least one Movie each month and complete movie reviews attached for the

selected movie. You can choose from the movies below. You need to pick at least

one per month of summer vacation. Extra credit will be offered for reviews

completed.

o Robin Hood (2010)

o Bridge of Spies (2015)

o National Treasure (2004)

o Lincoln (2012)

o 12 Angry Men (1957 or 1997)

Movie Review: Robin Hood (2010)

BEFORE THE MOVIE

Highlight your 3 favorite characters based on their description

Robin Hood is a fictional character who, returning from fighting in the Crusades, finds

that his familial land has been appropriated by the evil Sheriff of Nottingham. A master

archer, Robin joins forces with a band of renegades (his "Merry Men") and attempts to

end the reign of the Sheriff. (Played by Russell Crowe)

Richard the "Lionheart" (1157-1199) was the third of five sons born to Henry II of England

and Eleanor of Aquitaine, but was the older of the only two to survive their father (the

other being John). He led several rebellions against his father. Richard was crowned

king of England in 1189, and reigned until his death in 1199.

Sir Godfrey a fictional nobleman of England, based on the character common in Robin

Hood tales named Sir Guy of Gisbourne, although he allies himself with John, he is a

traitor, plotting with the French

Lady Marian is the female companion to the legendary Robin Hood. (Played by Cate

Blanchett)

Prince/King John (1167–1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death. Apart from

entering popular legend as the enemy of Robin Hood, he is perhaps best-known for

having signed, a document which limited kingly power in England and which is

popularly thought of as an early step in the evolution of limited government.

William Marshall (1146-1219) was the son of John Marshall, a minor Anglo-Norman lord in

England

Eleanor of Aquitane (1122 –1204) was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women

in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages. As well as being Duchess of Aquitaine in

her own right, she was queen consort of France and queen consort of England. Her

sons, Richard and John were both Kings of England.

Friar Tuck is a companion to Robin Hood in the legends. He is a common character in

modern Robin Hood stories, which depict him as a jovial friar and one of Robin's Merry

Men.

Little John Companion of Robin Hood, he is the tallest and the largest member of the

band of Merry Men.

Will Scarlet Companion of Robin Hood

Alan-a-Dale Companion of Robin Hood

Sheriff of Nothingham One of the main villians from the Robin Hood stories.

Isabella of Angoulême (1188-1246) Countess of Angoulême in France and queen

consort of England as the second wife of King John. She was queen from August 24,

1200 until John's death on October 19, 1216. She had five children by the king including

his heir Henry who succeeded John as Henry III of England.

Sir Walter Loxley Father of Robert Loxley, and Father-in-law to Marian

Sir Robert Loxley Loxley is one of the locations claimed as the birthplace of Robin Hood.

The forest Loxley Chase extended as far south east as Nottinghamshire in the 12th

century where it joined up with Sherwood Forest. It is maintained that Robin of Locksley

or Robert Locksley was born in the area in 1160. SOURCE: www.imdb.com

DURING THE MOVIE

Answer the Questions

1. What happens in Nottingham at the beginning of the film?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Did Robin Longstride or, as he is better known, Robin Hood really ever exist?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Who is in control of the government in England while King Richard is on his way home

from his Crusade?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. How do Robin Longstride and King Richard first meet?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. What does Robin tell King Richard about their Crusade? Why did the Muslim woman

pity them?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. What are King Phillip of France and Godfrey conspiring to do?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7. What happens to Richard while the English are seizing the castle?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. What does Robert Loxley ask of Robin Longstride?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Who ends up with the King’s crown?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10. What business does Lady Marian have with Friar Tuck?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

11. What does Longstride find written on Loxley’s sword when he inspects it on the ship?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

12. What “reward” does King John give Robin for delivering the news about the King?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

13. When the Sheriff of Nottingham tries to kiss Marian, what does she do?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

14. How does King John want to solve England’s debt/money problems?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

15. How does Marian find out that her husband has died?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

16. What does Walter Loxley ask Robin to do before dinner?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

17. What does Walter ask of Robin in exchange for his sword?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

18. Describe what you see as Marian and Robin ride through the manor.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

19. What is the first act we see of Robin Hood and his men stealing from the rich to feed

the poor?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

20. What has 18 legs and isn’t going anywhere?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

21. What happens to the people who cannot pay their taxes?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

22. What are the French planning to do?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

23. What advice does Marshall give to King John?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

24. Why does Godfrey intend to head to Nottingham?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

25. What does Walter tell Robin about his father?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

26. Why was Robin’s father killed?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

27. What does the baron tell King John about the laws?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

28. What does Robin tell his men the inscription of the statue means?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

29. Does it seem like John is being honest about creating the ‘Great

Charter’?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

30. Why does Walter attack Godfrey?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

31. How does Marian find out about Walter’s death?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

32. What happens on the beach?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

33. What happens to Godfrey?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

34. How does King John define divine right?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

35. What does the King declare about Robin ‘of the Hood’?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

AFTER THE MOVIE

Answer the Questions

** What year is King John eventually forced to sign the ‘Great Charter’? _________

** What was that ‘Great Charter’ Called? ____________________________________________

** What is the definition of Rule of Law?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

** Why was that ‘Great Charter’ considered rule of law?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Movie Review: Bridge of Spies (2015)

BEFORE THE MOVIE

Read the Movie Summary/Introduction

Bridge of Spies is a 2015 American historical drama-thriller film directed by Steven

Spielberg from a screenplay written by Matt Charman and Ethan Coen and Joel Coen.

The film stars Tom Hanks, Mark Rylance, Amy Ryan, and Alan Alda. Based on the 1960 U-

2 incident during the Cold War, the film tells the story of lawyer James B. Donovan who is

entrusted with negotiating the release of Francis Gary Powers—a pilot whose U-2 spy

plane was shot down over the Soviet Union—in exchange for Rudolf Abel, a captive

Soviet KGB spy held under the custody of the United States. Bridge of Spies - The name

of the film refers to the Glienicke Bridge, which connects Potsdam with Berlin, where the

spy exchange took place.

1957 - The Height of the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union Fear Each

other’s nuclear capabilities and intentions Both sides deploy spies and hunt for them.

DURING THE MOVIE

Answer Questions

1. At the start of the movie Rudolf Abel a soviet KGB spy is being followed by U.S.

agents. Abel goes to a park and is painting a picture of the Brooklyn Bridge. What does

Abel find under a park bench?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

note inside

2. When the U.S. agents confront Rudolf Abel in his apartment, why does Mr. Abel ask to

clean up his paints? He wants to

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. At the start of the movie James Donovan is an insurance attorney who is asked to

defend Rudolf Abel. Why is it important Rudolf be seen as getting a fair trial? American

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4a. When James Donovan sits down to dinner with his family and tells them about the

Rudolf Abel case they compare Abel to the Rosenberg’s. Why does Donovan insist that

Rudolf Abel is not a traitor like the Rosenberg’s?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4b. Who are the Rosenberg’s? Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were U.S. citizens who sold

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Rudolf Abel has three official charges against him. 1) Conspiracy to transmit United

States defensive atomic secrets to the Soviet Union 2) Conspiracy to gather secrets and

… what is the third charge? Failing to

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. When Abel is arrested and interrogated, is he beaten? __________

7. What does the U.S. government offer Rudolf Abel if he cooperates with them? Money

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Why is Rudolf Abel not alarmed by the fact that everyone in America is interested in

sending him to the electric chair? His response to Donovan is “Would it help?”

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9. After taking lie detector tests and getting top level security clearance Gary Powers

and the other “drivers” are told what they will be doing in their new role of gathering

information. It is reinforced to them that they cannot be shot down and they cannot be

captured. What government agency are the drivers told they are working for? C.I.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

A.

10. How does the Judge respond to James Donovan’s request to delay the Trial? Not

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

is denied and the Judge expresses his hope for a conviction.

11. Who is following James Donovan in the rain? Why? C.I.A. agent Hoffman – wants

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Donovan to

12. How does Donovan respond? Donovan will follow the constitution and not violate

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

client privilege.

13. When the pilots are shown the U-2 at Peshawar air Station in Pakistan how are they

told to refer to the plane in the future? The Article.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

14. With an 80 foot wing span and a max speed of 430 MPH, what is the cruising altitude

of the airplane? 70,000 ft.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

15. With a 4500 millimeter lens X3, the camera on board the Article is 4X’s more powerful

than any other reconnaissance camera ever used. At 70,000 how many square miles of

territory and be photographed with one pass? 2000 square miles

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

16a. Why does James Donovan file a motion disputing the evidence gathered against

Rudolf Abel?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

16b. How does the court rule on this motion? The evidence against Abel was gathered

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

search warrant. The court denied the motion.

17. How were children in the 1950’s informed in school about the atomic bomb? Survival

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

18. How do people on the train respond to James Donovan when they realize he is

defending Rudolf Abel?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Disapproval and condemning looks

19. How does the Jury rule on the three counts against Rudolf Abel? Guilty on all three

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

20. Why does Rudolf Abel compare James Donovan to “The Standing Man”? He

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

fight on.

21. Why does Donovan visit the Judge at his home? To talk to the Judge

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

about the Sentencing

22. Why does Donovan believe it is in the United States best interest not to execute

Rudolf Abel?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

in a similar situation in the near future.

23. How does Judge Mortimer Byers rule in the sentencing? Imprisonment

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

for 30 years

24. What happens to James Donovan’s home shortly after the sentencing?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Someone does a drive by shooting to intimidate Donovan and his family

25. Should it become necessary to abandon the aircraft over Soviet territory what

instructions are the pilots given? 2.5 explosive charge in the fuselage – destroy the plane

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

26. Why are the pilots given the silver dollar? It has a pin hidden inside it and if they

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

skin with it they will die instantly. Spend the dollar

27. When Powers is shot down, is he able to push the self-destruct button in the plane?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

No

28. How did the U.S. President attempt to explain the missing plane? A

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

NASSA weather plane had disappeared

29. How did the Supreme Court rule in Rudolf Abel’s Case? Against 5-4

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

30. What sentence does Francis Gary Powers receive from the Soviet Court?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

10 years of confinement with first 3 years in prison

31. Who was John Foster Dulles? Why does the Government what James Donovan to

negotiate the Trade? Secretary of State – Donovan is a private

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

32. What is happening in Berlin during this period? If Soviet Checkpoints continue to be

unsuccessful in preventing continued hemorrhaging to the West side what might the

Soviets build to prevent it? A wall

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

33. Why does the American Graduate student from Yale Frederic Pryor cross over to East

Germany? He is trying to help is girlfriend and her father

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

34. What happens to Mr. Donovan’s Coat when he gets to East Berlin? A

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

gang of boys steal it.

35. Who does Mr. Donovan meet at the Soviet Embassy? Rudolf Abel’s

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

family - wife, daughter and cousin

36. In the movie how is the Soviet treatment of Powers in prison portrayed? Powers is

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

poorly, Sleep deprived and interrogated constantly.

37. When Mr. Donovan is riding in Mr. Vogel’s car what happens? Mr. Vogel drives to

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

38. Mr. Donovan returns to East Germany to negotiate with the German leader. When

Mr. Donovan is asked to leave what message is given to the young aid? The deal

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

returned.

39. Why is it possible that Abel will be shot by the Soviets?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

If they believe Abel has given secrets to the west.

40. Following his return to Russia what happened to Rudolf Abel? Re

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

united with his wife and daughter

41. What happened to Gary Powers in 1977? Died in a

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

licopter crash

44. Where is Frederic L. Pryor currently Professor Emeritus of Economics? Swarthmore

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

45. What future President asked Mr. Donovan to undertake further negotiations on

behalf of the United States? Kennedy – Cuba – 1,113 prisoners fro

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ m the Bay of Pigs invasion

Movie Review: National Treasure (2004)

Rewrite in your own words:

Rewrite in your own words:

Rewrite in your own words:

Movie Review: Lincoln (2012)

BEFORE THE MOVIE

Read & Rewrite the Gettysburg Address

Note: “The Gettysburg Address” was delivered November 19, 1863?) By: president

Abraham Lincoln. Following the Battle of Gettysburg (Civil War) Abraham Lincoln gave

the Gettysburg Address during the dedication of the cemetery for Union soldiers who

fought and died in the battle. In the address Lincoln expressed the great need for

Americans to remember the sacrifice made by these soldiers.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers

brought forth, upon this continent, a new

nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to

the proposition that "all men are created

equal."

Now we are engaged in a great civil war,

testing whether that nation, or any nation so

conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure.

We are met on a great battle field of that war.

We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a

final resting place for those who died here,

that the nation might live. This we may, in all

propriety do. But, in a larger sense, we can not

dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not

hallow, this ground—The brave men, living

and dead, who struggled here, have hallowed

it, far above our poor power to add or detract.

The world will little note, nor long remember

what we say here; while it can never forget

what they did here.

It is rather for us, the living, we here be

dedicated to the great task remaining before us

—that, from these honored dead we take

increased devotion to that cause for which they

here, gave the last full measure of devotion—

that we here highly resolve these dead shall

not have died in vain; that the nation, shall

have a new birth of freedom, and that

government of the people by the people for the

people, shall not perish from the earth.

Rewrite in your own words:

Rewrite in your own words:

Rewrite in your own words:

DURING THE MOVIE

Lincoln Movie Analysis Report

Early in the “Lincoln” movie (Scene 7), President Lincoln provides a lengthy defense of

his wartime emancipation policy to his Cabinet when he encounters some objections to

the move toward abolition from Secretary of Interior John P. Usher. Read the following

excerpt closely and try to identify Lincoln’s key arguments:

I decided that the Constitution gives me war

powers, but no one knows just exactly what

those powers are. Some say they don’t exist. I

don’t know. I decided I needed them to exist

to uphold my oath to protect the Constitution,

which I decided meant that I could take the

rebels’ slaves from ‘em as property

confiscated in war. That might recommend to

suspicion that I agree with the rebs that their

slaves are property in the first place. Of

course I don’t, never have, I’m glad to see any

man free, and if calling a man property, or

war contraband, does the trick… Why I

caught at the opportunity.

Now here’s where it gets truly slippery. I use

the law allowing for the seizure of property in

a war knowing it applies only to the property

of governments and citizens of belligerent

nations.

But the South ain’t a nation, that’s why I can’t

negotiate with ’em. So if in fact the Negroes

are property according to law, have I the right to

take the rebels’ property from ‘em, if I insist

they’re rebels only, and not citizens of a

belligerent country? And slipperier still: I

maintain it ain’t our actual Southern states in

rebellion, but only the rebels living in those states,

the laws of which states remain in force. The laws

of which states remain in force. That means, that

since it’s states’ laws that determine whether

Negroes can be sold as slaves, as property – the

Federal government doesn’t have a say in that,

least not yet (He glances at Seward) then Negroes

in those states are slaves, hence property, hence

my war powers allow me to confiscate ‘em as

such. So I confiscated ‘em. But if I’m a respecter

of states’ laws, how then can I legally free ‘em

with my proclamation, as I done, unless I’m

cancelling states’ laws? I felt the war demanded

it; my oath demanded it; I felt right with myself;

and I hoped it was legal to do it, I’m hoping still.

AFTER THE MOVIE

Answer Questions

1. What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why was the 13th amendment the only way to truly end slavery in the United

States?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. What were the social, political, economical, and cultural impacts of the 13th

amendment?

Social Impact Political Impact Economic Impact Cultural Impact

Movie Review: 12 Angry Men (1957 or 1997)

BEFORE THE MOVIE

Read/Highlight About Time Period (Via Eisenhower)

A. During the 1950's observers began to refer to the United States as the world's first

affluent, or wealthy, society. They pointed out that the American economy had

gone beyond merely satisfying the basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter. It now

produced an increasing volume and wide variety of "luxury" goods and services.

These benefits were widely distributed among a large number of Americans. Dwight

David Eisenhower, the supreme commander of Allied forces in Europe during 1944

and 1945, was America's greatest hero in the postwar years. In 1952, the

Republicans chose him to win the White House back after twenty straight years of

Democratic chief executives. No Republican had occupied the White House since

Herbert Hoover, whom much of the country had blamed for the crash and

Depression. In the 1952 election, Eisenhower soundly defeated liberal Democrat

Adlai E. Stevenson and went on to serve two terms in the White House. He left such

a mark that the 1950s became popularly known as the Eisenhower years or "the Ike

Age."

B. The period of Eisenhower's Presidency was a time of relative peace and national

unity. The Cold War eased, and the United States enjoyed a peak of postwar

prosperity, without serious inflation or unemployment. Most Americans supported

Eisenhower. They were attracted to his appealing fatherly image and regarded him

as a symbol of hope and confidence.

C. Eisenhower wanted to be known as a President who was above politics and who

represented all Americans. Therefore, he did not try to be a strong and active

President like Roosevelt or Truman. Eisenhower used the powers of his office to set

broad policy guidelines. But he left the details to the White House staff and cabinet

members. Eisenhower also stressed a peaceful working relationship with Congress

and avoided open criticism of the Supreme Court, Modern Republicanism.

Eisenhower's approach to government was what he called "modern

Republicanism." This meant backing the basic New Deal reforms while opposing

more expansion of the federal government in social and economic affairs.

D. Above all Eisenhower supported a free-enterprise economy, in which business

could operate with a minimum of government interference. He also wanted to halt

the relentless growth of the federal government, and he suggested that the states

take over many of its existing programs. During his first term, Eisenhower set out to

achieve these goals. He promised to reduce government spending, balance the

federal budget, and cut taxes. However, new needs forced government spending

to increase. The largest increases were for defense, social security, and veterans

benefits. Eisenhower himself even reversed course and favored a limited growth of

federal involvement in housing, medical care, and education. For example, in 1955

he signed into law a housing act that financed the building of 45,000 new homes

over a four-year period.

E. Interested in creating favorable conditions for business growth, the Eisenhower

administration backed projects for improving water and highway transportation.

With the cooperation of Canada, construction was started on the Saint Lawrence

Seaway. By the time of its completion in 1959, the seaway had created an inland

waterway connecting ports in the Great Lakes region with the Atlantic Ocean. The

administration also promoted the Federal Highway Aid Act of 1956. This law

provided federal money for an interstate highway network linking the nation's major

cities. At completion, the network would consist of 42,000 miles (67,200 kilometers)

of highways. When Eisenhower left office in 1961, more than 7500 miles (12,000

kilometers) were already open to traffic. The Highway Act received strong support

from car manufacturers. It furthered the postwar boom in automobile production

and sales. As a result, the automobile became the chief means of transportation in

the United States.

F. During his first term, Eisenhower also carried out the government reorganization

begun under Truman. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was

created in 1953. Now there were two departments – the Department of Education

and the Department of Health and Human Services. The administration responded

to the threat of communism in its own way. It enforced a loyalty program in the

federal government. In 1954, with Eisenhower's support, Congress passed the

Communist Control Act. This law limited the legal rights of the American Communist

party and made membership in it virtually illegal.

G. The second Eisenhower term was less tranquil than the first. The United States faced

many serious problems at home and abroad. In the fall of 1956 American foreign

policy suffered major setbacks in the Suez and Hungarian crises. After the 1957

launch of Sputnik 1, many Americans wondered whether the United States was

losing its lead in science and technology to the Soviets. As a result, American

schools shifted their emphasis from the humanities to the sciences. At the same time

racial violence in various parts of the United States showed that real equality still

had to be won for many of the nation's citizens.

H. In 1959 two new states were added to the union. On January 3 Eisenhower issued a

proclamation making Alaska the 49th state – the first new state since Arizona and

New Mexico joined the Union in 1912. On August 21, Hawaii became the 50th state.

As Eisenhower's second term came to an end, he made it clear that, although he

was famous as a man of war, he wanted to be remembered as a President of

peace. In his January 1961 farewell address to the nation, he expressed his concern

about the growth of the "military-industrial complex," or the close involvement of

government and industry in preparing for war.

(Stephen B. Oates. Portrait of America. From Reconstruction to the Present. 1999. University of

Massachusetts: Boston, USA. - P. 316)

DURING THE MOVIE

Juror Characteristic & Argument Charts

Juror

#

Juror Characteristics

Order

of

Voting

“Not

Guilty”

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Use the chart to take notes about 5 of the arguments brought up during jury deliberation

in the movie:

Argument 1

Argument 2

Argument 3

Argument 4

Argument 5

AFTER THE MOVIE

Answer Question

What is the importance of the role of juries in the American Legal System?

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Turn in your

review to your

Civics Teacher

within the first

3 weeks of school!