student example 1
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Humming Birds: A Beauty of Humming Birds: A Beauty of Natural SelectionNatural Selection
http:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Image:Archilochus-alexandri-002-edit. jpg
ProfileProfile Order: Order: ApodiformesApodiformes Family: Family: TrochilidaeTrochilidae
Location: North & Location: North & South AmericaSouth America
Feeding: insects and Feeding: insects and nectornector
Characteristics: fast hovering type flight, bifurcated Characteristics: fast hovering type flight, bifurcated tongue, pollinationtongue, pollination
Species Range widely in shape of color, bill and wings, Species Range widely in shape of color, bill and wings, and feeding areasand feeding areas
http:/ / en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Image:Colibri-thalassinus-001-edit. jpg
Fossil RecordFossil Record
Very rare due to bone structureVery rare due to bone structure Discovered in Germany by Gerald Discovered in Germany by Gerald
MayrMayr Species: EurotrochilusSpecies: Eurotrochilus inexpectatus inexpectatus 30 million years old (Early 30 million years old (Early
Oligocene)Oligocene) First Species might have split from First Species might have split from
extinct family, the Jungorithidaeextinct family, the Jungorithidae Radiation in South America must Radiation in South America must
have taken place 12-13 myahave taken place 12-13 mya
http://www.cbc.ca/gfx/photos/hummingbird_cp_5795177.jpghttp://www.cbc.ca/gfx/photos/hummingbird_cp_5795177.jpg
Ecuador Humming BirdsEcuador Humming Birds
Most diversity is found in Andes Mountain in Most diversity is found in Andes Mountain in EcuadorEcuador
Studies by Tom Smith & Chris SchneiderStudies by Tom Smith & Chris Schneider Found two distinct populations each in a Found two distinct populations each in a
different ecosystem:different ecosystem: Shortbilled vs. LongbilledShortbilled vs. Longbilled Open forest vs. closed rainforestOpen forest vs. closed rainforest
Ecuador Humming BirdsEcuador Humming Birds
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/05/2/quicktime/l_052_04.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/05/2/quicktime/l_052_04.html
Natural selection in this case did not involve Natural selection in this case did not involve geographic isolationgeographic isolation
In areas of longer flowers, there was an abundance of In areas of longer flowers, there was an abundance of long-billed hummingbirds because that characteristic long-billed hummingbirds because that characteristic was more efficient so more reproduction of long-billed was more efficient so more reproduction of long-billed birds occuredbirds occured
ConclusionsConclusions
Humming Birds have evolved significantly into many species Humming Birds have evolved significantly into many species by the process of natural selection as shown from previous by the process of natural selection as shown from previous studies on the regional survival statuses between long billed and studies on the regional survival statuses between long billed and short billed types.short billed types.
It is natural selection that determines which hummingbirds are It is natural selection that determines which hummingbirds are fit to survival in which type of geographic area depending on fit to survival in which type of geographic area depending on the bill shape and depending on the flower types as well.the bill shape and depending on the flower types as well.
Over time, when enough reproduction occurred to display a Over time, when enough reproduction occurred to display a distinct characteristic within that population a distinct species distinct characteristic within that population a distinct species has been created as proven by DNA comparisonshas been created as proven by DNA comparisons
Internet Websites and Image ResourcesInternet Websites and Image Resources
Hummingbirds. June 2008. Wikipedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humming_birds#cite_note-
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Hummingbird Species in the Transitional Zones. 2001. Evolution. WGBH Educational Foundation and Clear Blue Sky C Productions, Inc. June 2008.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/05/2/l_052 _04.html
Mayr, Gerald. Oldest hummingbird fossil found. May 2004. CBS News. June 2008.
http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2004/05/06/bird_fossils 040506.html.