Structure of MatterClassifying and Applying Particle Theory

Characteristics of Solids, Liquids and GasesSolids Liquids Gases

Particles have slight vibration movement

Particles move around each other in all directions

Particles move very fast in all directions.

Particles are tightly packed and stay in same position. (definite volume and shape)

Particles are still close together but change position relative to each other. (definite volume; takes the shape of container)

Particles are very far apart. (volume and shape change with container)

Strong forces of attraction between particles.

Medium strength forces between particles.

Very weak forces of attraction between particles

Plasma

•very hot gas•made up of charged particles (both

positive and negative) … that is what the word “ionized” means.

• influenced by electric and magnetic fields.

This state of matter expands when heated and contracts when cooled.

A.SolidsB.LiquidsC.GasesD.All three

Particles are moving the fastest in this state of matter.

A.SolidsB.LiquidsC.GasesD.All three

Particles have the most energy in this state of matter.

A.SolidsB.LiquidsC.GasesD.All three

Particles take the shape of their container but keep a constant volume.

A.SolidsB.LiquidsC.GasesD.All three

Particles maintain a constant shape and volume.

A.SolidsB.LiquidsC.GasesD.All three

Particles are always moving.

A.SolidsB.LiquidsC.GasesD.All three

What are these particles?

Still creating particles … atoms.•New Element 115 Takes a Seat at the

Periodic Table•Scientists create a very heavy atom with a

very short life span•By Jeffrey Kluger Aug. 28, 20130

Atoms combine to form molecules.

Mixtures

•In grade 7 we simply refer to atoms and molecules as particles.

•If we have a container will all one type of particle we call it a pure substance.

•If we have a container that has two or more different particles in it we have a mixture.

Classify the following as pure substance “A” or mixture “B.”•tap water•salt water•the air we breathe•a tank of helium gas•distilled water•a pizza•aluminum foil•table sugar

Types of Mixtures

Homogeneous mixtures

•otherwise called “solutions”•look the same througout; you see one

thing•more than one type of particle but mixed

uniformly•seawater, steel, tea

Types of Mixtures

Heterogeneous mixtures

•otherwise called “mechanical mixtures”•you see more than one thing•more than one type of visible particle •pizza, soil, salt and pepper

Classify the following as solutions “A” or mechanical mixtures “B.”•fruit salad•apple juice•pizza dough before cooking•tap water•the air we breathe•greek salad

A closer look at solutions.

Solvent

Solute

to dissolve

Identify the solute in each of the following solutions.•A salt water solution is used to disinfect

an infected toe.•Windshield washer is a solution of alcohol

in water.•Nail polish will dissolve in nail polish

remover thus cleaning your nails.•Instant coffee is made by dissolving

crystals in boiling water.

Identify the solvent in each of the following solutions.•A solution of little bleach in water will

make the laundry whiter.•Brass is a solution of molten zinc or tin

dissolved in molten copper and then allowed to harden.

•Kool-aide crystals dissolved into water make a tasty drink.

•Air is made up of mostly nitrogen with some oxygen and other gases mixed throughout.

What factors affect the rate at which a solute will dissolve in a solvent?

•Temperature of solvent•Amount of solvent•Type of solvent•Crystal size of solute if it is a solid•Pressure applied to system•Whether the mixture is stirred or not.