strijker, a. (2003 03 12). standards for re use in practice for
DESCRIPTION
Reuse Learning objects Implementation Strategy leermiddelen arrangeren Standaarden Standards Specification SCORM LOM IEEE IMS VLE Curriculum Design Educational Onderwijskundig Ontwerpen OnderzoekTRANSCRIPT
Standards for Re-use in Standards for Re-use in Practice for Practice for DistributedDistributed
LearningLearning
Allard Strijker
HistoryHistory
• 1997 Faculty wide implementation1997 Faculty wide implementation• 1999 Royal dutch Navy1999 Royal dutch Navy
– Interest Royal airforce (SCORM)Interest Royal airforce (SCORM)
• 2000 University wide implementation2000 University wide implementation– 1600 courses / 10000 users, 50-300 objects a 1600 courses / 10000 users, 50-300 objects a
course / avg 75 / course / avg 75 / 120000120000
• 2001 Shell Open University2001 Shell Open University• 2001 Royal airforce Webmentor LMS2001 Royal airforce Webmentor LMS• 2002 LCMS research dutch army2002 LCMS research dutch army• 2002 Commercial version2002 Commercial version
Larger Scale of Reuse Larger Scale of Reuse
• ExchangeabilityExchangeability– Knowledge management systemsKnowledge management systems– Other systemsOther systems
• InteroperabilityInteroperability– SystemsSystems– ServicesServices– DepartmentsDepartments– AvailabilityAvailability– PublishersPublishers– Other UniversitiesOther Universities
ObjectsObjects
• LO (Learning Objects)LO (Learning Objects)• RLO (Reusable RLO (Reusable
Learning Objects)Learning Objects)• KO (Knowledge KO (Knowledge
Objects)Objects)• SCO (Sharable Content SCO (Sharable Content
Object)Object)• Bit-Size learningBit-Size learning• IO (Information Object)IO (Information Object)
• RIO (Reusable RIO (Reusable Information Object)Information Object)
• Item Item • ResourceResource• Component Component • Chunk Chunk • Basic large object Basic large object
(BLOB) (BLOB) • Assignable Unit (AU)Assignable Unit (AU)
SCORM SCORM
(Sharable Content (Sharable Content
Object ReferenceObject Reference
Model)Model)
Standards for Reusing ObjectsStandards for Reusing Objects
AICC Tracking /Tracing IMS
Packaging
LOMMetadata
IMS
ARIADNE
Size and shape of ObjectsSize and shape of Objects
• A learning object is defined as any entity, A learning object is defined as any entity, digital or non-digital, that may be used for digital or non-digital, that may be used for learning, education or training. (LOM V6.1)learning, education or training. (LOM V6.1)
• The size and shape of an "object" is open to The size and shape of an "object" is open to each organization to define. This decision is each organization to define. This decision is based upon the needs, tools, processes, and based upon the needs, tools, processes, and business goals of the organization (Cisco business goals of the organization (Cisco 2001)2001)
Aggregation LevelsAggregation Levels
1.1. The smallest level of aggregation e.g. raw media The smallest level of aggregation e.g. raw media data or fragments.data or fragments.
2.2. A collection of atoms e.g. an HTML document with A collection of atoms e.g. an HTML document with some embedded pictures or a lesson.some embedded pictures or a lesson.
3.3. A collection of level 2 learning resources e.g. a web A collection of level 2 learning resources e.g. a web of HTML documents with an index page that links of HTML documents with an index page that links the pages together or a course.the pages together or a course.
4.4. The largest level of granularity e.g. a set of courses The largest level of granularity e.g. a set of courses that lead to a certificate.that lead to a certificate.
Aggregation LevelsAggregation Levels
Course Management System (CMS)Course Management System (CMS)
CMS
ResourceResource
Object
Subject
Description
Weblink
Attachments
Resources
Category
Metadata
Creating Objects Creating Objects
Object
Subject
Description
Weblink
Attachments
Resources
Category
Metadata
Metadata RepositoryMetadata Repository
content
metadatacontent
Material Metadata CreationMaterial Metadata Creation
Learning Content Management Learning Content Management System (LCMS)System (LCMS)
Object
metadataObject
Object
Selecting ResourcesSelecting Resources
Experiences With Reuse and User-Experiences With Reuse and User-support Toolssupport Tools
Experiences With Reuse and User-Experiences With Reuse and User-support Tools Results (1)support Tools Results (1)
• Own and other materialOwn and other material• Motivations for reuseMotivations for reuse
– TargetgroupTargetgroup
• Reusing material of othersReusing material of others– Already available in booksAlready available in books– Copyrights / Intellectual propertyCopyrights / Intellectual property– MasteringMastering– "impoverished" education"impoverished" education – Creators intentions?Creators intentions?
Experiences With Reuse and User-Experiences With Reuse and User-support Tools Results (2)support Tools Results (2)
• Controlling reuseControlling reuse• Reuse whatReuse what
– Partly reuse of old coursesPartly reuse of old courses– Shell, exchange small scaleShell, exchange small scale
• Selecting material for reuseSelecting material for reuse• Giving the opportunity for reuseGiving the opportunity for reuse
– Rewards Rewards
• MetadataMetadata
Experiences With Reuse and User-Experiences With Reuse and User-support Tools Results (3)support Tools Results (3)
• Structuring materialStructuring material– OwnOwn
• CoursenameCoursename• YearYear• AgeAge
– OtherOther• KeywordsKeywords• AuthorsAuthors• Reused before?Reused before?
SummarySummary
• OrganizationalOrganizational– RewardsRewards– CopyrightsCopyrights– CostsCosts– TimeTime– Strict Taxonomy, Strict Taxonomy, – Standard objects, Standard objects, – Predefined set of keywordsPredefined set of keywords
LMS, LCMS, CMS and Instructor (1)LMS, LCMS, CMS and Instructor (1)
• LMSs are defined as systems “to LMSs are defined as systems “to manage learners, keeping track of their manage learners, keeping track of their progress and performance across all progress and performance across all types of learning activities”.types of learning activities”.
• LCMSs typically include content-LCMSs typically include content-development tools. “Content assembly” development tools. “Content assembly” and “publish learning” into different and “publish learning” into different “output formats”“output formats”
LMS, LCMS, CMS and Instructor (2)LMS, LCMS, CMS and Instructor (2)
• CMSs, integrate content delivery, CMSs, integrate content delivery, communication, learner activities, communication, learner activities, collaborative work support, feedback, testing, collaborative work support, feedback, testing, portfolio development, groupware tools, and portfolio development, groupware tools, and administrative tools for the instructor.administrative tools for the instructor.
• Instructor, leads activities, interacts with Instructor, leads activities, interacts with learners, guides learners trough the course learners, guides learners trough the course and assembles the actual course.and assembles the actual course.
LCMSLCMSObject IMS Zip package
Object IMS Zip packageIMS package
Package Manifest
Package Metadata
ResourceResource
Object
Subject
Description
Weblink
Attachments
Resources
Category
Metadata
IMS PackageIMS Package
IMS package
Package Manifest
Package Metadata
ResourceResource
Object
Onderwerp
Beschrijving
Weblink
Attachments
Resources
Categorie
Metadata
IMS PackagingIMS PackagingObject IMS Zip package
IMS packageIMS package
Package Manifest
Package Metadata
ResourceResource
Object
Subject
Description
Weblink
Attachments
Resources
Category
Metadata
01_01_01.zip
AICC AICC InteractionInteraction
LMS
Learner
Learner Profiles
Course Information
Profiles
Learner information
Tracking information
Object
Subject
Description
Weblink
Attachments
Resources
Category
Metadata
IMS package
Package Manifest
Package Metadata
ResourceResource
Object
Subject
Description
Weblink
Attachments
Resources
Category
Metadata
Learning Material
Course information
Interaction
Autentication
UserAccounts
ERP LCMS CMS RelationsERP LCMS CMS RelationsERP
LCMS
CMS /CBT / ..
SCOSCO
SCOPackages
Lesson
SCO
SCOSCO
Lesson
SCO
SCOSCO
Lesson
SCOObject
Project Information
Person Profiles
Resources
Tracking information
Learner information
Objects
Tracking information
Resource / Reuse
management
ERP LMS LCMS CMS RelationsERP LMS LCMS CMS Relations LMS
LCMS
CMS /CBT / ..
SCO SCO
SCO Packages
Lesson
SCO
SCO SCO
Lesson
SCO
SCO SCO
Lesson
SCO Object
Learner Profiles
ERP
Course Information
Profiles
Project Information
Person Profiles
Competence Description
Resources
Learner information
Learner information Tracking information
Learner information
Objects
Material Metadata DocumentMaterial Metadata Document
Different role LMSDifferent role LMS CMS / CBT
Lesson
Object
Metadata Content Object
Metadata Content Object
Metadata Content
Lesson
Object
Metadata Content Object
Metadata Content Object
Metadata Content
Lesson
Object
Metadata Content Object
Metadata Content Object
Metadata Content
XML data like costs, study load, etc
E-Commerce System
Costs, invested time
Time schedules, Costs, Targets, descriptions, planning
Metadata
Object
Competencies
Instructor
Use
Use
LMS
Learner Profiles
Course Information
Profiles Competence Description
LCMS
SCO SCO
SCO Object
ERP
Project
Information
Person Profiles
Resources
Instructor
Discussion
Assignments
Collaboration
Related SystemsRelated Systems
• Learning management system (LMS) Learning management system (LMS)
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP)Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
• Course management system (CMS)Course management system (CMS)
• Course Based Training (CBT)Course Based Training (CBT)
• Learning content management system Learning content management system (LCMS)(LCMS)
Object and MetadataObject and Metadata
Object
Subject
Description
Weblink
Attachments
Resources
Category
Metadata
Learning Content Management Learning Content Management SystemsSystems
• Exchanging material (IMS)Exchanging material (IMS)• Export to other systemsExport to other systems• Import from publishers, universities, Import from publishers, universities,
organisationsorganisations
• Storing material or metadata (LOM)Storing material or metadata (LOM)
• Tools for retrieving and using materialTools for retrieving and using material
Learning Management Systems Learning Management Systems (LMS)(LMS)
• Tracking and tracing (AICC)Tracking and tracing (AICC)
• Providing information to RunTime Providing information to RunTime Environments (RTE) or learning objectsEnvironments (RTE) or learning objects
• Storing information for RunTime Storing information for RunTime Environments or learning objectsEnvironments or learning objects
Reuse in PracticeReuse in Practice
• Commercial settingCommercial setting– Shell Open UniversityShell Open University– TeleTOP (2 Years)TeleTOP (2 Years)
• MilitaryMilitary– Dutch ArmyDutch Army– Custom made LCMS based on SCORMCustom made LCMS based on SCORM– SCORM compliant LMSSCORM compliant LMS
• AcademicAcademic– University of TwenteUniversity of Twente– TeleTOP (5 Years)TeleTOP (5 Years)
Users experiences (1)Users experiences (1)
• Motivation for reuseMotivation for reuse
• Reuse of materials made by othersReuse of materials made by others
• Reuse of one's own materials by othersReuse of one's own materials by others
• Controlling reuseControlling reuse
• Reuse what?Reuse what?
User experiences (2)User experiences (2)
• Selecting material for reuseSelecting material for reuse
• MetadataMetadata
• Structuring materialStructuring material
• Giving the opportunity for reuseGiving the opportunity for reuse
• Conclusions from the user evaluationConclusions from the user evaluation
Creating MaterialCreating Material
TeleTOP EnvironmentTeleTOP Environment