straw bale building training for european professionals: infill & prefab

UNIT 2Infill & Prefab

3

UNIT 2 INFILL & PREFAB Training Page

U2 Learning Outcomes 3 days 5

U2 Session 1: Design and Planning 2 days 6

U2 Info Sheet: Design and Planning (Overview) 7

U2 Session 2: Construction Systems 2 days 9

U2 Info Sheet: Construction Systems (Overview) 10

U2 Info Sheet: Construction Samples (Overview) 11

U2 Session 3: Hybrid Constructions 1 day 13

U2 Info Sheet: CUT-Technique (Overview) 14

U2 Info Sheet: GREB-Technique (Overview) 15

U2 Session 4: Infill Constructions 2 days 17

U2 Info Sheet: Infill Constructions Austria (Overview) 18

U2 Info Sheet: Infill Constructions France (Overview) 19

U2 Session 5: Prefabrication and Modules 2 days 20

U2 Info Sheet: Prefabrication (Overview) 21

U2 Session 6: Building Details 1 day 22

U2 Info Sheet: Building Details (Overview) 23

U2 Session 7: Structural Engineering 4 hours 24

U2 Info Sheet: Structural Engineering (Overview) 25

U2 Session 8: Timber Construction 4 hours 26

U2 Info Sheet: Timber Construction (Overview) 27

U2 Session 8: Tools 4 hours 28

U2 Info Sheet: Tools on Building Site (Overview) 29

Partner STEP (Straw Bale Training for European Professionals) 31

Credits & Imprint 32

IND

EX

U2 – INFILL AND PREFAB Learning Outcomes

U2 Levels 3+4 – ECVET Credit points: 15

Knowledge Skills

Trainees know !

• about building regulations according to the countries rules

• the tools and machines used on the straw bale construction sites

• possible dangers, safe working practices, accident prevention regulations and security data sheets

• specific problems of straw bale building site organization

• how to read and understand plans and construction drawings

• different structural options and infill methods (boards, distances according to bale measures, compression, diagonal bracing)

• that it is necessary to fix the bales, and know different technologies to do it

• that it is necessary, to avoid gaps and therefore compress bales and have different technologies to do it

• how to assess and select the best infill- or prefabrication-method according to time, schedule, budget, resources and site requirements

• about prefabrication, its specific features of planning, its advantages and disadvantages.

• how to join to adjacent building elements (floor- and roof plates, openings)

Trainees can !

• quality control existing constructions • handle tools and machines which are used in

straw bale construction • execute different Infill construction methods,

adjust the bales if required and use different compression-, stabilization- and fixing-techniques

• prefabricate straw bale elements (walls, roofs, floors)

• implement diagonal bracing in the construction and bales (notched,!) according to static needs and plans

• fill the holes with enough pressure • connect boards and window frames properly

(airtight, structurally sound!) • calculate building material

Competence Trainees: • are aware of health and safety in relation to other workers, building site, machinery, equipment, PPE

(personal protective equipment) and of issues specific to working with straw and straw bales. • can organize the building site at all stages ( i.e.: take responsibility that they leave the building site

rainproof!) • can take responsibility of the requirements of straw building in a “normal” building routine • can explain different examples of infill and prefabrication techniques and their advantages and

disadvantages. • can estimate the dangers and avoid them on building site • can organize work and do it in time

5

S1 – Design and planning Session Plan

U2

U2 – Infill and Prefab

Objectives:

Trainees ! • have the ability to read and understand architectural plans

and construction drawings • know how to detail windows, corners and connections to

the roof and intermediate ceiling • know different structural options • know the dis-/advantatges of every solution

Methods:

• Lecture/Talk • Explanations • Practice

Trainer:

Place: Classroom

Duration:

3 days

Equipment Pen and paper Rulers, Calculators Projector (ev. Computers)

T H E O R Y

• Basics of architectural plans and construction drawings • Different structural options, characteristics and bale

requirements • Advantatges and disadvantages of different techniques • How to prepare a building schedule • How to make a cutting list • Calculate the building costs (material, labour ,etc.)

Documents: Trainer sheet T1 Planning Basics T2 Characteristics of the different Construction techniques T3 Organisation of building site and schedule

Info sheet I1 Planning Process

Text sheet X1 Slide show

Evaluation Multiple choice

P R A C T I C E

Task • Study and develop a case-study comparing the results with

other trainees.

Organisation Prepare a case study for every group of trainees (2-3 persons), study it in order to be able to compare it with the results of the participants.

6

S1 – Design and planning Info Sheet

U1

I1 – Design and Planning

7

S2 – Construction Systems Session Plan

U2


Objectives:

Trainees ! • understand and are able to explain the three general different

construction-options of a) direct-plastering (loadbearing and hybrid, NSS), b) planking on one side (hybrid, NSS), and c) planking on both sides (infill, SSS)

• understand the needs for weather-protection, airtight and windproof construction and moisture prevention

• know the general low-energy and passive house principles • know and are able to explain the dis-/advantages of the

different techniques according to the needs, budget, safety and the building law

Methods: • presentation, lecture • practical training, • supervising training work

Trainer:

Place: Workshop !"#$%&'()*2 days

Equipment

wood screws straw bales tools

T H E O R Y

• Different structural options of infill and prefabrication

and their characteristics and bale requirements. • Fixing bales in different techniques • Compressing bales in different systems • Advantages and disadvantages of infill and

prefabrication techniques • Details of connections: foundation, corners, windows

and doors, roof, etc. • Preparing different surfaces for plastering

Documents: Trainer sheet T1

Info sheet I1 How to choose the construction-system, different techniques I2 Construction Samples



P R A C T I C E

Task • Working groups with 3-4 TN • Preparing the wood frame • Infill straw bales in standing position (“on edge”) • Compress the bales with different techniques • Fixing the bales in the construction • Airtight/windproof installation of a window • Shaving the bales, if necessary • Preparing bales/boards for plastering

Organisation 20 straw bales for each group Wood parts, boards and joints (screws, nails, brackets, staples) see material list Tools see material list

9

S2 – Construction Systems Info Sheet

I2


10

S2 – Construction Systems Info Sheet

U2

I2– Construction Systems in Samples

11

S3 – Hybrid Constructions (NSS) Session Plan

U2 U2 – Infill and Prefab

Objectives:

Trainees ! • know the different hybrid construction techniques and when to

use them • know different structural options • know the dis-/advantatges of every solution • are aware of health and safety issues related to co-workers,

building site, machinery, equipment, PPE (personal protective equipment) and the issues specific to work with straw and straw bales.

• can organize building sites at all stages ( i.e.: take responsibility to leave the building site rain- and windproof, keep strawstacks fireprotected, remove loose straw after work,!)

• can take responsibility for the requirements of straw building in a “normal” building routine

• know the details (window, roof junction,... ) for hybrid construction techniques

Methods:

• Lecture/Talk • Explanations • Practice

Trainer:

Place: Workshop

Duration:

1 day

Equipment’s wood screws straw bales tools

T H E O R Y

• Different structural options of hybrid construction techniques and their characteristics and bale requirements.

• Fixing bales with different techniques • Compressing bales with different systems • Advantages and disadvantages of hybrid construction

techniques • Details of connections: foundation, corners, windows

and doors, roof, etc. • Preparing different surfaces for plastering


Info sheet I1 CUT I2 GREB

Text sheet X1 X2 X3 Slide show


P R A C T I C E

Task • Working groups • Preparing wooden frames and structures

• Infill straw bales in standing position (“on edge”) • Compress the bales with different techniques

• Fixing the bales in the construction • Airtight/windproof installation of a window • Shaving the bales, if necessary • Preparing bales/boards for plastering

Organisation 20 straw bales for each group Wood parts, boards and joints (screws, nails, brackets, staples) see material list Tools see tool list

13

S3 – Hybrid Constructions – CUT | Practical Workshop Info Sheet

I4


CUT Training for « Fachkraft Strohballenbau « in Verden/Aller, Germany

14

S3 – Hybrid Constructions – GREB | Practical Workshop Info Sheet

I3


15

S4 – Infill Constructions (SSS) Session Plan


Objectives:

Trainees ! • know the infill contruction techniques • know different structural options • know the dis-/advantatges of every solution • are aware of health and safety issues related to co-

workers, building site, machinery, equipment, PPE (personal protective equipment) and the issues specific to work with straw and straw bales.

• can organize building sites at all stages ( i.e.: take responsibility to leave the building site rain- and windproof, keep strawstacks fire protected, remove loose straw after work,!)


• know the details (window, roof junction,... ) for infill contruction techniques

Methods: Practical training, supervising training work

Trainer:

Place: Workshop

Duration:

2 days

Equipment’s wood screws straw bales tools

T H E O R Y

• Different structural options of infill construction techniques and their characteristics and bale requirements.

• Fixing bales with different techniques • Compressing bales with different systems • Advantages and disadvantages of infill construction

techniques • Details of connections: foundation, corners, windows and

doors, roof, etc. • Preparing different surfaces for plastering • Viewing and study of existing building samples


Info sheet I1 Infill Austria I2 Infill France


Evaluation

Multiple choice

P R A C T I C E





17

S3 – Infill Constructions| Practical Workshop Info Sheet

I5


18

S3 – Infill Constructions| Practical Workshop Info Sheet

I6


19

S5 – Prefabrication and Modules Session Plan


Objectives: Trainees ! • know different prefabrication and modular building methods • know different structural options • know the dis-/advantatges of every solution • are aware of health and safety issues related to co-workers,

building site, machinery, equipment, PPE (personal protective equipment) and the issues specific to work with straw and straw bales.

• can organize building sites at all stages ( i.e.: take responsibility to leave the building site rain- and windproof, keep strawstacks fire protected, remove loose straw after work,!)


• know the details (window, roof junction,... ) for prefabricated walls and modules

Methods:

Practical training, supervising training work

Trainer:

Place: Classroom

Duration: 2 days

Equipment wood screws straw bales tools

T H E O R Y

• Different construction options for prefabricatio and their characteristics and bale requirements.

• Fixing bales with different techniques • Compressing bales with different systems • Advantages and disadvantages of infill contruction

techniques • Details of connections: foundation, corners, windows and

doors, roof, etc. • Preparing different surfaces for plastering • Viewing and study of existing building samples


Info sheet I1 Prefab


Evaluation

Multiple choice

P R A C T I C E





20

S2 – Construction System Info sheet

U2 i1 - Prefabrication

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S6 – Building Details Session Plan


Objectives: Trainees ! • now the details of a wall (connections foundation-wall, wall-

window/door, wall-ceiling, wall-corner-wall, wall-roof) for the different infill building techniques

• can fix a bottom plate to the foundation, install a window frame, make a corner and a ringbeam (for roof or intermediate ceiling)

Methods: • Lecture/Talk • Explanations • Practice

Trainer:

Place: Classroom/Workshop

Duration:

1 day

Equipment’s Pen and paper Beamer ev. Laptops

T H E O R Y

• details of a wall (connections foundation-wall, wall-window/door, wall-ceiling, wall-corner-wall, wall-roof) for the different infill building tehniques

Documents: Trainer sheet

Info sheet I1 Building Details



P R A C T I C E

Task • drawing of different details of a wall (connections

foundation-wall, wall-window/door, wall-ceiling, wall-corner-wall, wall-roof) for the different infill building techniques

• prepare (crosscut), assemble, raise and connect a wall with bottom plate, ring beam, window and corner

Organisation Plans, drawing and sampels of details

22

S6 – Building Details Info Sheet

I6


23

S7 – Structural Engineering Session Plan


Objectives: Trainees ! • know about the structural properties of wood and how to

calculate the dimensions of posts and beams • know about the methods of diagonal bracing (against shear

forces) • can read a strucural engineering calculation

Methods: • Lecture/Talk • Explanations • Practice •

Trainer: Place: Classroom

Duration:

4 hours

Equipment Pen and paper Beamer Computer with planning-programme

T H E O R Y

• Basics of structural engineering • Calculation of dimensions for loadbearing building-parts • Materials for structural bracing and planking


Info sheet I1 Structural engineering I2 Calculation of dimensions I3 Materials

Text sheet X1 Slide show Evaluation Multiple choice

P R A C T I C E

Task • Conversion of a preliminary planning or a plan for a

building permit into detailed construction design on computer or paper

Organisation • Prepare a preliminary plan for an average sized straw bale house, • prepare some open-source programs for 3D-planning, calculation (schedule of services), CAD

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S7 – Construction System Info Sheet

U2 I1 – Structural Engineering

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25

S8 – Timber Construction Session Plan

U2


Objectives:

Trainees ! • have the ability to crosscut and connect wooden posts and

beams • can fix a bottomplate to the foundation, install a windowframe,

make a corner and a ringbeam (for roof or intermediate ceiling)

• can make a production planning and production drawing of a wall with windows and doors

• can make a production drawing of ceiling joists • can calculate the amount of materials needed for a timber-

construction (bill of quantities) • know the details of a wall (connections foundation-wall, wall-

window/door, wall-ceiling, wall-corner-wall, wall-roof) Methods: • lecture/talk • explanations • practice •

Trainer:

Place: Classroom and construction site

Duration: 4 hours

Equipment Pen and paper Beamer Construction-wood Structural boards Machines to cut wood Tools to nail and screw

T H E O R Y

• Structural engineering (loads/bracing) • Wood-construction and wood-connections • Production-planning and -drawing • Calculation (bill of quantities) • Details • Calculate the building costs (material, labour ,etc.)


Info sheet I1 Timber Construction



P R A C T I C E

Task • Working groups with 3-4 TN • Preparing the wood frame • Infill straw bales in standing position (“on edge”) • Compress the bales with different techniques • Fixing the bales in the construction • Airtight/windproof installation of a window • Shaving the bales, if necessary • Preparing bales/boards for plastering

Organisation 20 straw bales for each group Wood parts, boards and joints (screws, nails, brackets, staples) see material list Tools see material list

26


U2 i1 – timber construction

27

S9 – Tools and Building Site Session Plan

U2


Objectives:

Trainees ! • know the tools and machines used on the straw bale building

site • know specific problems of straw bale building site organization • know how to solve any technical problem conveniently • Have the ability to handle tools and machines which are used in

straw bale construction • are aware of health and safety issues related to co-workers,

building site, PPE (personal protective equipment) • can organize building sites at all stages ( i.e.: take responsibility

to leave the building site rain- and windproof, keep strawstacks fire protected, remove loose straw after work,!)

Methods: • Demonstration • Explanation • Practice

Trainer:

Place: Classroom/Workshop !"#$%&'()*4 hours

Equipment

wood screws straw bales tools

T H E O R Y

• Tools and machines used on the straw bale building site • Safety and maintenance of tools • Advantages and disadvantages of differents tools • Specific problems of straw bale building site organization • Storage and protection of Straw on the building-site

Documents: Info sheet I1 Tools

Text sheet X1 Tools X2 Building site

Fotos: P1 Tools


P R A C T I C E

Task • Trying the tools, visiting building site

Organisation Looking for an appropiate building-site in the surroundings or prepare different tools and material for the demonstration

28


U2 i1 – Tools on Building Site

Leonardo2015

Specialist tools

Tape measure: Used for measuring bales

Pencil / screw-driver or similar: Useful for marking the point where a bale will be split.

Handsaw: Used for notching bales in the absence of power tools.

Hatchet: Used for initial pointing of hazel stubs and pins.

Retractable (Stanley) knife: Used for cutting baling twine and sharpening hazel stubs and pins.

Baling needles: Baling needles are used for inserting new strings through straw bales, usually when splitting or resizing bales.

Gap filler: Gap fillers are simple tools for pushing straw into hard-to-reach places (such as into fixing-post notches)

Persuader: A persuader is a special hammer with a large surface area which is used to adjust the position of straw bales in the wall when leveling.

29

31

PART

NER

THE PARTNERS OF THE LEONARDO PARTNERSHIP STEPThese 9 partners signed a memorandum of understanding with the aim to promote and improve training opportunities in Straw Bale building all across Europe.

FASBA - GERMNAYFachverband Strohballenbau Deutschland e.V., Artilleriestrasse 6 in 27283 Verden, DE

PARTICIPANTS: Sissy Hein, Dittmar Hecken, Burkard Rüger, Heinz Michael Fischer,

Dirk Scharmer

www.fasba.de

ASBN - AUSTRIAAustrian Straw Bale Network, Baierdorf 6 in 3720 Ravelsbach, AU

PARTICIPANTS: Herbert Gruber, Erwin Schwarzmüller, Helmuth Santler, Gerhard Scherbaum

http://www.baubiologie.at/wp/strohballenbau/asbn-netzwerk/

SBN - NETHERLANDSStrobouw Nederland, Pauwenkamp 45 in 3607 GC Maarsen, NL

PARTICIPANTS: Wouter Klijn, Sissy Verspeek, Florian van Roekel, Piotr Bronicki

http://www.strobouw.nl

ARTUR - SLOVAKIAArchtektura pre Trvalo Udrzatelny Rozvoj, 90301 Hruby Sur 237, SK

PARTICIPANTS: Zuzana Kierulfova, Marian Ontkoc, Peter Coch, Boris Hochel,

http://ozartur.sk

RFCP LES COMPAILLONS - FRANCE Reseau Francais de la Construction en Paille, SCM le Jeune, 28 avenue Léon Blum,

31500 Toulouse FR

PARTICIPANTS: Isabelle Melchior, Noé Solsona, Dirk Eberhard, Manas Melliwa, Cedric Hamelin

http://www.compaillons.eu / http://rfcp.fr

RCP - SPAINRed de Construccion con Paja, Doctor Fajames 44 in 03204 Elche, ES

PARTICIPANTS: Valentina, Maini, Alejandro Lopez, Maren Thermes

http://www.casasdepaja.org

STRAWBUILD – UNITED KINGDOMSedum Cottage, Owen Street, Pennar in SA 72 6SL Pembroke Dock, UK

PARTICIPANTS: Bee Rowan, Michael Howlett, David Semenysin, Chris Hawker, Kuba Wihan

http://www.strawbuild.org

COMPALHA - PORTUGALAssociacao para a bioconstrucao com fardos de palha e materiais naturais em Portugal,

Rua Abade Faria 40 3D in 2725-476 Mem Martins, PT

Participants: Catarina Pinto, Joao Barbosa Sequeira, Luisa Alves de Paiva

http://compalha.pt

MAGYAR SZALMAÉPITOK EGYESÜLETE - HUNGARY Joka u. 14 in 5650 Mezoberény, HU

Participants: Titusz Igaz, Gabriella Revesz, Gabor Szücs

http://www.szalmaepitok.hu

STEP – Straw Bale Training for European Professionals

UNIT 2 – Infill & Prefab

Editors UNIT 2: Herbert Gruber (ASBN), Alejandro Lopez (RCP)

Coordination: Sissy Hein (FASBA), Dirk Eberhard (RFCP)

Authors Session Plans: Leonardo Partner (see p. 31)

Design: Herbert Gruber (Layout), Michael Hewlett (Drawings, Logos),

Isabelle Melchior, Alejandro Lopez (Templates)

Photos: Herbert Gruber, Florian van Roekel, Peter Coch, Sissy Verspeek