straight talk cms

Editors’ Notes

Over the past few years there has been an explosion of new and exciting cabin entertainment and control options for business aircraft. Owners and operators are being flooded with options promising speed and ease of use. It is becoming harder to completely grasp all that is available and will be available in the near future.

We field questions daily on cabin management and entertainment, so we developed this booklet to serve as a guide to those wishing to understand more deeply all that a Cabin Management System (CMS) entails.

While there are almost endless combinations of equipment that can be selected and installed, this booklet will cover the most common equipment requested by our customers and give a simple explanation of what equipment is available and how it can benefit your aircraft’s cabin systems.

At Duncan Aviation, we pride ourselves by being on the cutting edge of all avionics technology, and the subject of cabin management and entertainment is no di�erent. We have conducted a large amount of research to develop the most valuable information we can provide.

Duncan Aviation acknowledges the FAA Engineering and Safety Groups, Aircraft Electronics Association and the avionics manufacturers who are working on the products to make your flying safer, easier and enjoyable.

As always, we look to improve ourselves and our knowledge. Feel free to contact our avionics experts to answer any of your questions and talk about your challenges when the subject arises.

— Duncan Aviation Avionics Sales Team

Straight Talk About CMS

800.228.4277 • www.DuncanAviation.aero • 800.525.2376

What is CMS? 3

Lighting Options 7

Cabin Displays 11

Audio Options 17

Cabin Source Equipment 21

FAQs 27

Key Terms 31

What is CMS?

What is a CMS?

A Cabin Management System (CMS) controls all of the powered

items in the cabin of an aircraft such as the lighting, cabin

temperature, call and even lavatory flush. It also controls the

cabin entertainment items such as LCD monitor video select,

speaker audio select, volume, head set control, DVD and Blu-

ray players and XM radio.

There are three main types of cabin management systems.

Federated, Integrated and Networked.

Federated Federated CMS systems are simple in architecture and are not

networked. The switching is analog (or discrete). These systems

are generally found in the older aircraft manufactured in the

1980s and early 1990s.

IntegratedIntegrated CMS systems are early-generation digital in

architecture. These systems operate using serial data digital

communication between the cabin equipment. Integrated

systems emerged in the early 1990s and have carried through

until just recently.

NetworkedNetworked CMS systems are the latest generation and are

digital in architecture. Networked CMS systems operate using

Ethernet communication, the same as most any modern-day

computer network. The Networked CMS systems are just now

becoming available.

Integrating new cabin control and entertainment technologies

to these systems can be challenging; more so with the older,

Federated systems. The next page illustrates this point. You can

think of the CMS as the foundation and the items that operate

on the CMS are built on this foundation.

3 Straight Talk About CMS

The following chapters of this booklet will take a closer look at

the specific cabin and control options available with a complete

cabin management system.

800.228.4277 • www.DuncanAviation.aero • 800.525.2376 4

Small foundation: can usually upgrade a single unit for another unit of similar type with little impact. Example: Can swap Video Cassette Player (VCP) for DVD.

Medium foundation: can usually upgrade equipment, but has limited growth. Can add sources with additional equipment.

Large foundation: can easily swap equipment and has near infinite growth capability.

LightsGalley FunctionsEntertainment

FEDERATED

CMS

LightsGalley FunctionsEntertainment

INTEGRATED

CMS

NETWORKED

CMS

Lighting Options

Lighting Options

When considering cabin upgrades, lighting plays an important

role. Cabin lighting choices at the surface seem relatively

simple. However, a closer examination reveals how complex the

process can be and the impact on the overall cabin upgrade.

The cost of upgrading cabin lighting can vary depending on the

aircraft model, choice of upgrades and the individual needs of

the operator.

LED LightsIn most cases, when a customer is deciding to upgrade

cabin lighting, the choice is usually whether or not to make

the change from fluorescent bulbs to LED lighting. Unlike

fluorescent bulbs, LED lighting is relatively maintenance-free

once installed. Problems with individual power supplies, hot

ballasts and individual bulb replacement are virtually eliminated

with LED. In addition to the very high mean time between

failures, many companies o�er a wide variety of lighting

temperatures. In addition to cool or warm temperatures, several

manufacturers are beginning to o�er optional colored lights.

To reduce the variance in individual LEDs between light strips,

many manufacturers recommend having all the light strips

purchased from the same lot. On some aircraft models, the

lighting strips must be accompanied with remotely located power

regulators to reduce a strobe e�ect on the aircraft engines.

Some aircraft models require modifications to the headliners or

passenger service units (PSUs). In cases where these extensive

modifications are required, the upgrades are accompanied with

additional cabin accommodation upgrades. Depending on the

upgrade, some installations are accompanied by galley, lavatory

cabinets and cabin side-ledge modifications.

Lighting ControlsAnother consideration when upgrading the lighting is control.

While the replacement of the lights does not necessarily


require the replacement of the control source, some thought

should be given to ensure the replacement system will function

correctly. In some older aircraft, cabin lighting is controlled

with equipment that currently functions but can no longer be

modified or repaired. In these cases, careful thought must be

given to how the equipment will function in the future. If the

operator is considering the replacement of the control source,

additional parts and labor may be necessary.

Other ConsiderationsCabin lighting modification does not just include wash

lighting choices. Operators are also presented with reading

and table lighting decisions. In most cases, the decision of

whether or not to upgrade these lighting sources is based

upon how much interior work will be accomplished during

a specific project. Upgrades to reading and table lights is

not costly, however, there is more labor required to fit the

new units to the aircraft. An additional cost that needs to be

considered is plating. While most vendors send lights with a

factory-specified brushed aluminum look, decisions to have

a custom plating specification to match the rest of the cabin

accoutrements is an option for operators.

If an operator decides not to replace the reading and

table lights, there is still another option. In some cases,

manufacturers have produced LED replacements that slide

into the existing sockets. These bulbs are designed to be

an exact replacement of the existing incandescent bulbs.

Care must be taken when considering this option. In some

instances, the existing housings have been unable to accept

the replacements or do not have positive connections and

cause intermittent problems. Age of the existing equipment,

relative use and previous modifications should be considered

when making this choice.


Cabin Displays

Cabin Displays

Cabin displays are one of the most visible components of a

cabin entertainment system. Whether the intent of the cabin

display is to watch High Definition (HD) movies or to provide a

moving map, the displays will be the focal point.

Advantages to upgrading cabin displays include:

• HDdisplayoptions

• LEDbacklighttechnology

• Thinstructure

• Lightweight

• Energyefficiency

• InterfacetoHDCMSsystems

When fully integrated to a CMS, new displays can provide

HD video for crystal clear presentation. Media Servers, iPods,

Blu-ray, cabin briefings and high-resolution maps can all be

displayedwithaqualityrivalingthatofthehomeoroffice.

Cabin display upgrades can also be a relatively easy method

to give an aircraft a facelift, which is a good option if

discretionary budgets are limited, there is a projected sale of

the aircraft or if a full cabin refurbishment is still a year out.

Display SizeChoosing the appropriate display size is not always as

simple as “bigger is

better.” Location, source

equipment and aesthetics

all play an important part

in the decision. Swing arm

displays are available from

7-15 inch and bulkhead

displays are available up

to 52 inch size. However,

larger monitors can require

more structural analysis and


additional interior modifications. Some manufacturers now

o�er monitors that utilize remote units that process the video

signals. This reduces weight and creates ease of installation.

Choosing a monitor that is DO-160 compliant helps reduce

the certification e�ort required to install larger monitors. DO-

160 is a standard for environmental test of avionics hardware

published by RTCA, Incorporated.

A fully integrated, large monitor can be the show-piece in

most cabin refurbishments. Large monitors that are installed

as a facelift have the potential to amplify the lower quality of

existing source equipment or an aged video installation. In this

situation, a more conservative display may be a better choice.

Personal swing arm displays can o�er passengers flexibility

and comfort. If an aircraft is not previously fitted with

personal monitors, additional switching should be expected.

Many personal monitors have fewer video input options.

Fewer inputs may limit HD video across multiple sources;

however, the smaller size of personal displays typically makes

Standard Definition (SD) video less apparent.

Video QualityThere are a variety of standards when looking into video

fidelity. Video quality is generically referred to as either SD

or HD. Video is sent and received in an array of di�erent

video signal formats to achieve either a SD or HD. HDMI,

SDI, S-Video, RGB/VGA and Composite are just some of the

formats available.

When choosing a new display, consider not only the capability

of display but its interface as well. A display can only produce

video definition that is the same with respect to the source

equipment and aircraft wiring. HD displays cannot convert SD

video signals to provide clearer picture. To take full advantage

of HD displays and HD source equipment some additional

equipment may be required. Video amplifiers may be needed



for long cable runs or supplying multiple displays. Adapters

or converters may be needed to marry source equipment with

displays. The aircraft wiring must be able to support the video

signal format to match the display and in some of these cases

specialty cables may be needed.

Future ExpansionWith any upgrade, longevity and expansion is a fair and

responsible concern. When shopping for cabin display

upgrades, it is wise to seek out reputable manufacturers and

an experienced modifications center.

Video signal quality is very subjective; longevity is in the

quality of the installation. Cable separation and optional

provisions can provide a quality installation and ease of

upgrade or additions later. Provisions may be an option when

downtime or funds are not available.

CertificationWhat could normally be considered a simple plug-and-play

solution in a home or business takes on a whole new meaning

in an aircraft environment. Certification is required in many

instances with numerous regulations on the mounting and

type of displays that can be installed in the cabin or aircraft.

It is a wise idea to ask questions about certification when

considering upgrades to your cabin entertainment system. At

Duncan Aviation, any of our Avionics Sales Representatives

can assist you with questions concerning certification of new

cabin equipment, including new cabin displays.

Audio Options

Audio Options

Aircraft audio covers options for personal audio use and cabin

speaker options. Operators should look to include a combination

of these options to create a cabin space for all types of audio

needs. All options listed in this chapter include Passenger

Address (PA) override for cockpit safety announcements.

Headphones The most common decision when it comes to headphone

use in the cabin is whether to incorporate wired or wireless

headset options.

Wired headsets are available in many grade levels, but require

some cabin entertainment infrastructure for use. The source

selection and volume controls are integrated into the Personal

Control Unit (PCU) and can

be conveniently mounted

for individual use. The jack

that the headsets plug to is

typically part of the PCU.

Wireless headsets are

available as stand-alone

options throughout the

cabin. They do not require

the infrastructure of a cabin

entertainment system and they connect directly to source

equipment transmitting audio. Wireless headsets are available for

as many as five sources.

Cabin SpeakersIn regards to cabin speaker options, there is a lot to consider. To

make it simpler to understand the availability of options and their

increasing quality, four tiers of options are listed on the following

page. The first tier is the basic cabin stereo speaker system. With

each tier, there are options that enhance the audio quality. The

fourth tier explains a system with surround sound included.


Tier 1 Stereo

•Aircraftgradespeakeramp(s).

•High-qualityspeakers.(ConsumerOff-The-ShelforCOTS).

• (Optional)Aircraftgradesub-woofer(s).

Tier 2 Stereo


•Aircraftgradespeakers.

•Aircraftgradesub-woofer(s).

Tier 3 Stereo

•Acousticallytunedsystemforbestsonicperformance.


•Aircraftgradespeakers-matchedtoamplifier.

•Sub-woofers-matchedtoamplifier.

Tier 4 Stereo w/Surround Sound

•Acousticallytunedsystemforbestsonicperformance.


•Aircraftgradespeakers-matchedtoamplifier.

•Sub-woofers-matchedtoamplifier.

As with any cabin upgrade, it is important to weigh all options

when considering audio upgrades. In the end, decisions should

be based on the aircraft’s mission as well as the operator’s

individual preferences and budget.


Cabin Source Equipment


Cabin Source Equipment

Whether you are a corporate DOM who is only interested in

productivity improvements or a private DOM who has an owner

who wants his/her aircraft to be as flexible as their home,

having a working understanding of source equipment is critical.

Satellite TelevisionIdentical to the satellite television service available in your

home, Direct TV™ satellites can broadcast content directly to a

suitably equipped aircraft. The system then converts that signal

into audio and video outputs for your entertainment system.

Service is not currently global but is available in the

continental U.S., Europe, North Africa, West Asia and much

of the Middle East. Each of these locations represents a

di�erent satellite that broadcasts di�erent regional content.

The content provided will cater to the region in which you are

flying. So, while English speaking content may be available

in the U.S. and Europe, it may not be available in a di�erent

global region. Someone requiring multi-zone coverage

will require the installation of additional receiver modules.

Premium content can also be purchased, adding to the

flexibility of services provided.

Satellite television systems use a steerable high gain antenna

thatrequiressufficientclearancetomaneuver.Thesearrays

are generally moving dish-shaped antennae which permit the

best signals possible. Satellite television systems may also be

a�ected by weather conditions.

Due to the complexity of installation, Satellite television systems

are best installed during other major maintenance events.

Satellite RadioSatellite radio in an aircraft is the same pay-radio service that

is provided in many automobiles. And service is relatively

inexpensive by aviation standards. Satellite radio service is


currently available over North America only. A satellite radio

system may also be piggy-backed o� an existing XM Weather

installation in some cases, making this an attractive option

for someone hoping to get the most out of their XM Weather

installation.

A digital control head can also be added to the system to

provide direct dial access for channel selection and the ability

for the receiver to directly interface to the CMS.

Media ServersOver the last 20 years, the price and reliability of

computerized hard drive storage has improved

exponentially. CDs and DVDs, which were at one time too

large to store on personal computers, suddenly became just

another part of a one’s media library. With this explosion in

the storage of digital media came the need for interfaces

that would mimic the functionality of a DVD or CD player.

This lead to proprietary interfaces called Graphical User

Interface (GUI) layers, which made using media servers

easy for even children.

From a hardware perspective, media servers are hard drives

(or entire banks of hard drives) that contain a computer

that “plays” content by creating a video signal on its various

outputs or “streams” content to users for play on their portable

electronic device (iPad, laptop etc.) via LAN or WLAN.

As these databases can require a large amount of time to

manage, it is often desirable to outsource loading of content

to outside parties that may already manage content.

Laptop VideoLaptops also have the ability to act as a video source.

They use a VGA port. Since many monitors have an

auto-sensing VGA input, it may or may not require the


installation of additional switching. This is a popular

option for corporate operators to permit the review of

presentations en-route to a client.

Blu-ray PlayersBlu-ray players are quickly becoming the norm for most video

installations. These devices may support high-definition video

output via HDMI cables.

DVD PlayersSimilar to what you have at home, DVD players provide

standard definition video for output to monitors. There are

di�erent “Regions” of DVD players depending on what area of

the world you intend to operate in. Region 1 players will play

DVDs commercially sold in the U.S. Region 2 players will play

DVDs from Europe and India. Other regional formats have

been declared by DVD manufacturers to reduce the instance

of international content piracy. If you require all regions

coverage for your DVD collection, we recommend specifying

that at the time of equipment installation.

CD PlayersIt is very rare to purchase

just a CD player. CD players

output analog audio via

analog channels to the

audio amplifier system.

Currently, most stand-alone

CD players are not capable

of supporting a digital

audio output.

Moving Map DisplaysMoving map systems come in a mix of configurations and

perform a myriad of tasks. In their most simple form, moving

map displays will display flight information to passengers.


Most often these systems have an aircraft overlay on a

background map. This is where the similarity ends. Some of

these systems may be integrated with onboard information

systems to receive services such as news, stock tickers and

weather information, to name a few.

Moving map display units enjoy a high degree of customization.

The choice of which display options are the most desirable is

a highly personal choice. It is best to define these options with

the assistance of your avionics sales expert.

Camera SystemsAs their name implies, camera systems provide video from an

externally mounted camera. Some of these systems are simple

static cameras. Other camera systems involve zooming options

or even infrared sensor packages that may reduce runway

incursions by permitting pilots to see animals on the runway.

Aux PortsMany people desire to make their

cabin capable of interfacing with

carry-on equipment. For those

customers, installing input ports for

video and audio is a good way to

integrate mobile devices into their

cabin. This may include laptop ports

or even MP3 docks. This inexpensive

option can often improve desirability.

Unwanted equipment should always be addressed. There are

still aircraft with out-dated equipment, such as beta players.

The problem with out-dated, unwanted or unused equipment

is not only that they represent dead weight, but they can

diminish the overall appeal for resale or charter operations.

Wherever possible, out-dated equipment should be removed

and wiring secured.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I replace my Video Cassette Player (VCP) with a Blu-ray Player?Yes, in most cases. Even with the simplest Federated type

Cabin Management System, if an audio/video source such as a

VCP is existing, replacement with an aircraft-certified Blu-ray

DVD player is possible. There are limitations and other items

to consider, though. Blu-ray players are capable of HD video

output, yet most existing CMS systems today are not capable

of distributing HD video. Therefore, the video from the Blu-ray

player will be in standard definition on the cabin LCD displays.

The infrared control system may need to be modified to

control the Blu-ray player and the passenger control switching

units must be modified to show the new source label.

Can I add XM radio to my CMS?Yes, if the system is of a later generation, such as an

integrated or networked system, adding additional XM radio

audio sources is generally possible. Additional equipment and

significant modifications will be required to the older CMS

systems and control of XM channel selection will be limited.

The new Networked systems will easily accept additional

sources such as XM radio and provide a high level of control.

Can I control cabin and entertainment functions with an iPad application?Yes, if the system is of a later generation, such as an Integrated

or Networked system, iPad control is generally possible. There

must be an aircraft-certified Wi-Fi system and the existing

CMS must have an advanced IR system to add iPad control.

The new Networked systems usually come with iPad control.

How will installing a new LED lighting system save my company money?In many cases the existing fluorescent system has multiple

power supplies that furnish each bulb or sections of bulbs

with power. These power supplies are often costly and can be

difficulttoaccess.Thesimpleactofreplacingthesepower

supplies is quite costly if you consider the amount of man


hours required to perform the removal and replacement of

the surround cabin equipment and the actual replacement of

the bulb. Additionally, LED bulbs have a conservative life span

of 25,000 hours; the average life span of a fluorescent bulb

is generally less than 8,000 hours. Less time between failures

equates to greater savings.

How long will I need to have my aircraft down for a complete replacement of my existing lighting system?While this answer depends on the extent of the modifications

required to meet your particular aircraft needs, most

installations can be accomplished in conjunction with a major

inspection, such as a C check.

Can I upgrade my source equipment and make a real di�erence in my video quality? It depends. Many times, upgrades that alter the video format

of source equipment will also require changes to the cabin

management infrastructure.

Is cabin internet access required for media servers? Most media servers do not require an internet connection

to work properly. There are exceptions to that rule. A

kaleidescape player that utilizes a DVD locker may require the

ability to “call home” when a movie is selected to be played.


Key Terms

HD – High-Definition video or HD video refers to any video

system of higher resolution than standard-definition (SD)

video, and most commonly involves display resolutions of

1,280×720 pixels (720p) or 1,920×1,080 pixels (1080i/1080p).

LED – A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor

light source. Early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but

modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet

and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. LEDs are

used as indicator lamps in many devices, but their use in other

lighting has been steadily increasing.

iPod/iPad – Portable media players created and marketed by

Apple, Inc.

HDMI – High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a

compact audio/video interface for transferring a encrypted

uncompressed digital audio/video data from a HDMI-

compliant device (“the source” or “input”) to a compatible

digital audio device, computer monitor, video projector and/or

digital television.

Blu-ray – Blu-ray are optical disc storage media designed to

supersede the DVD format. Also known as Blu-ray disc (BD),

the format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and

playback of High-Definition video (HD), as well as storing

large amounts of data. The format o�ers more than five times

the storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold up to

25GB on a single-layer disc and 50GB on a dual-layer disc.

This extra capacity combined with the use of advanced video

and audio codecs o�ers consumers an unprecedented HD

experience. Definition taken from www.blu-ray.com.

DO-160 – DO-160, Environmental Conditions and Test

Procedures for Airborne Equipment, is a standard for the

environmental test of avionics hardware published by

RTCA, Inc. This document outlines a set of minimal standard

environmental test conditions (categories) and corresponding


test procedures for airborne equipment. The purpose of these

tests is to provide a controlled (laboratory) means of assuring

the performance characteristics of airborne equipment in

environmental conditions similar of those which may be

encountered in airborne operation of the equipment. For more

information read AC 21-16G at www.faa.gov.

RTCA – Known as Radio Technical Commission for

Aeronautics until their re-incorporation in 1991 as a not-for-

profit corporation, RTCA is a U.S. volunteer organization

that develops technical guidance for use by government

regulatory authorities and the industry. Visit www.rtca.org for

more information.

CMS – Cabin Management Systems are cabin avionics systems

that let you control everything in your cabin, from lighting and

temperature to moving maps, entertainment items including

DVD players, music players and numerous other in-flight

entertainment items.

SDI – Serial Digital Interface is a family of video interfaces

standardized by SMPTE. These standards are used for

transmission of uncompressed, unencrypted digital video

signals (optionally including embedded audio and/or time

code) within television facilities and can also be used for

packetized data. Visit www.smpte.org for more information.

S-video – S-video signal is a composite signal that has been

divided into two. This video signal, transmitted with color and

brightness on two separate channels, makes for a sharper

picture image, with fewer granularities, on the receiving

device. Definition provided by www.datapro.net.

RGB – Although cmponent video is sometimes referred to as

RGB video, RGB is not actually a video standard, but rather a

standard for computer monitors. It requires a four conductor

cable for connecting a monitor to a CPU. In concept, it

is similar to S-video. Three of the conductors carry color


information for the red, green and blue components of the

image, while the fourth, called the “sync” or synchronization

line, carries timing information to be used concurrently with

the color information. Definition provided by www.datapro.net.

Component video – Component video is the final generation

of analog video, taking the advancement from composite

(1-signal) to S-Video (2-signals) one step further. It has

separated luma (brightness) and chroma (color), but the

chroma is also separated into two signals, red and blue. The

result is a triple-headed RCA cable and an image cleaner than

composite with less color bleeding that S-Video. Although

common on most DVD players and HD televisions, component

video is very rare on older television sets and VCRs. Definition

provided by www.datapro.net.

P.A. – A Passenger Address system is an electronic

amplification system used as a communication system in the

cabin area of an aircraft.

GUI – A Graphical User Interface is a human-computer

interface (i.e., a way for humans to interact with computers)

that uses windows, icons and menus and which can be

manipulated by a mouse, buttons or touch-screens.

WLAN – A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) implements

a flexible data communication system frequently augmenting

rather than replacing a wired LAN within a building or campus.

WLANs use radio frequency to transmit and receive data over

the air, minimizing the need for wired connections. Definition

provided by www.cisco.com.

VGA – Video Graphics Array is a widely used analog interface

between a computer and monitor that uses a 15-pin plug and

socket. Older CRTs used VGA and flat LCD panels typically

have both analog VGA and digital DVI. However, newer PCs

may have only DVI or display port outputs. Definition provided

by www.pcmag.com.


Sources

www.blu-ray.com

www.cisco.com

www.datapro.net

www.faa.gov

www.pcmag.com

www.rtca.org

www.smpte.org



Notes

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