storytown grade 3 lesson 21 - mrs. anna patatanyan 3rd …€¦ · of winter, the mother penguin...

158

Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Learn to recognize the order of events in a text.

Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Read, write, and learn the meaning of new words.

“Antarctic Ice” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164by Jim Mastro and Norbert Wu • photographs by Norbert Wu

• Learn the features of expository nonfiction.

• Learn to reread to help understand text.

“Diary of a Very Short Winter Day” . . . . . . . . . 186by Judy Sierra • illustrated by Jose Aruego and Ariane Dewey

Read a poem about penguins.

Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

• Compare texts.

• Review vocabulary.

• Reread for fluency.

• Write an explanation.

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Genre: Expository Nonfi ction

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Genre: Poetry

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First

Next

Then

Finally

Think about what has to happen before something else can happen. This can help you figure out the sequence of events in what you read.

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SequenceThe order in which events happen is called a

sequence. You can follow the sequence by looking for

time-order words. Words such as first, next, then, later,

and finally give clues about the order in which events

happen. Dates and times are also clues to sequence.

Keeping track of the sequence of events helps you

understand what you are reading.

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www.harcourtschool.com/storytown

In 1914, explorer Sir Henry Shackleton sailed to Antarctica on a ship called the Endurance. He wanted to reach the South Pole, but the ship became trapped in the ice.

Shackleton and his crew walked about 180 miles to Elephant Island. Then Shackleton and five of the crew went by lifeboat to find help. Finally, with a rescue team, they returned to Elephant Island for the rest of the crew.

Read the article, and tell what is the next thing that

happened after Shackleton sailed to Antarctica.

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Tell the next thing that happened after Shackleton

and his crew became trapped.

Next

Then

Finally, Shackleton returned for the crew.

First, Shackleton sailed to Antarctica in 1914.

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Field Trip in Antarctica

Antarctica is always cold—really cold!

The absence of the sun makes it extra

hard to stay there through the dark,

cold winter. Even so, scientists spend

months in Antarctica to do research.

The McMurdo Station shelters them

from the worst of the cold. The scientists

do not stay at the station permanently.

When summer comes, they set out to

a field camp near the ocean to do

more research.

absence

shelters

permanently

drifts

scarce

dim

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Scientists use special cameras to film deep-sea creatures in the dim light.

To do ocean research, the

scientists must drill or blast holes

in the ice. They put on special suits

and dive into the cold water. They

photograph amazing things, such

as a sea spider as it drifts past.

The scientists collect samples

of many sea creatures.

Information about these

animals and the chemicals

they use to protect themselves is

scarce. Later, the scientists will study

whether the chemicals can be used

in medicines.

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Your mission this week is to use the Vocabulary Words in your writing. For example, write a story about what

would happen in your community if daylight became scarce. Read your story to a classmate.

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First

Next

Then

Finally

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Genre StudyExpository nonfiction explains information and ideas. Look for

• facts and details about a topic.

• events told in time order.

Comprehension StrategyMonitor comprehension—reread information that doesn’t make sense the first time you read it.

Expository Nonfiction

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antarctic

by

Jim Mastro and Norbert Wuphotographs by

Norbert Wu165

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Antarctica is the coldest place on earth. Most of the mountains and valleys are permanently buried under a deep layer of ice. In winter, even the surface of the ocean freezes. There are no waves. Nothing moves except the wind.

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Under the ice, animals are waiting for summer to arrive. A jellyfi sh drifts through the dim light. A giant sea spider crawls over the icy ocean fl oor. A sea star climbs the stalk of a fan worm. The worm uses its lacy tendrils to gather phytoplankton to eat. Phytoplankton are the tiny plants that fl oat in the ocean. Most are so small they can only be seen with a microscope. Many animals on the ocean fl oor eat them, but they are scarce right now. Phytoplankton need sunlight to grow, and the sun does not shine in Antarctica during the winter.

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Weddell seals are waiting for summer, too. They spend most of their lives under the ice, hunting for food. Sometimes they even sleep there. They fi nd cracks in the surface and stick their noses out to breathe. The frozen sea protects the seals from the cold winter wind. The ice shelters other animals as well. A fi sh uses a small hole for a home. Here he is safe from the seals who want to eat him. Simple plants called algae also live in the ice, but they are still too small to see. Just like the phytoplankton, they need the long, bright days of summer so they can grow.

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The sun returns from its long absence. Each day it rises higher in the sky and shines longer. Soon it is light all the time. There is no night at all. Summer has arrived in Antarctica, but it is still cold enough to keep the ocean’s surface frozen. A mother Weddell seal fi nds a crack in the ice and pulls herself out of the water. She inches across the frozen surface like a caterpillar. It is time for her to have a baby. The solid ice gives her a safe place to do it. When the pup arrives, he has a coat of thick fur to keep him warm.

170


Like the Weddell seals, emperor penguins have their babies on the sea ice. In the middle of winter, the mother penguin laid one egg. The father quickly placed it on his feet and covered it with a warm fl ap of skin. When the egg hatched, the baby emperor had her own movable nest. Now it is summer, and like the other chicks she has grown too big to sit on her father’s feet.

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An Orca whale swims over. Its breathing is very loud. Whoosh! The penguins can hear it from far away. The whale moves along the edge of the ice, looking for food. He can’t squeeze through cracks like the Weddell seals, so he must stay near open water. Big fi sh live deep under the ice, and the whale hunts them. Sometimes the whale will eat seals, too, but this time they are safely out of reach on the ice.

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After several days of swimming south from his winter home, an Adélie penguin arrives at the ice edge. He is on his way to the rookery, the place where he and his mate will raise their chicks. The small penguin can take only short steps, so it is a long walk for him. At last he reaches the rookery. It is on a low hill that has no ice. The male must hurry to build his nest of stones before the female arrives. There aren’t many stones around, so sometimes he sneaks over and steals one from his neighbor.

173


Summer is a very busy time under the ice, too. The tiny algae grow fast in the bright sun and form a brown fi lm on the bottom of the ice. This is the food many animals have been waiting for. Urchins, sea stars, and little creatures called amphipods and krill eat the algae. Fish eat the amphipods and krill, and seals and penguins eat the fi sh. Penguins eat krill, too.

174


Back on land, the female Adélie penguin arrives at the rookery. To get reacquainted, the penguins sing to each other and wiggle their fl ippers. The female lays two eggs, then she leaves again. Laying has made her very hungry. She has to go back to the ocean to eat. Off she goes on her long walk over the ice. The male sits on the eggs and keeps them warm.

175


The emperor chick gets bigger as summer goes on. When her parents leave to go fi shing, she joins the other chicks, who have formed a group called a crèche. The baby emperors are still too young to swim. Without ice to stand on, they wouldn’t survive. The parents come back every couple of days with their stomachs full of fi sh, squid, and krill. They pass some of this partially digested food into the hungry chick’s mouth.

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The baby Weddell seal has gotten bigger, too. His mother has decided it is time for him to learn to swim. The two of them slip through a crack into the water. The mother stays very close to protect her pup.

177


The sea ice softens and begins to melt in the summer sun. Large pieces break off from the edge. More and more of the sea is uncovered. The ice algae are released and drift down to the ocean fl oor. Sponges and other marine animals sift them out of the water to eat. Everyone depends on the algae, and the algae depend on the ice. The female Adélie doesn’t have quite as far to walk when she returns to the rookery. She replaces the father, who goes off to eat. While he is away, the eggs hatch. The two fuzzy chicks are hungry. Just like the emperor penguin parents, the mother Adélie spits up partially digested food into each chick’s mouth.

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The cracks in the ice grow bigger. The Weddell seal pup spends more time in the water. He is learning to hold his breath for a long time so he can dive like his

mother to fi nd fi sh. Now that the ice is breaking up, the fi sh are running out of places to hide. The animals on the bottom enjoy all the food raining down from the surface. As the ice breaks up, more algae fall down where they can reach it. The bright sun has made lots of phytoplankton grow in the water, and some of this drifts down to the sea fl oor as well. Even animals that don’t eat algae and phytoplankton have a feast. Some sea stars fi nd a nice, juicy urchin to eat.

179


The brief summer draws to an end. Most of the sea ice has melted. The emperor penguin chicks must quickly learn how to swim before it disappears entirely. The Adélie penguins can now just walk to the shore and jump in. The sun dips lower in the sky. It is getting colder. The emperor chicks begin swimming north, where they will spend the winter. Once the Adélie chicks grow adult feathers, they too will dive into the ocean and swim north. In just a few days, the nests are empty.

180


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All too soon, the short summer is over. The Orcas and Weddell seal pups have gone north for the winter, but some of the adult Weddell seals have stayed behind. They are used to living in the ice. Winter arrives quickly in Antarctica. The ocean’s surface begins to freeze again. Before long, nothing moves but the wind. Everything is waiting for summer to return once more.

182


1 What does the father emperor penguin do after the mother penguin lays an egg? SEQUENCE

2 Why are algae important to the food chain? DRAW

CONCLUSIONS

3 Do you think living in Antarctica would be difficult? Why or why not? EXPRESS PERSONAL OPINIONS

4 Which of the animals do you think the authors find most interesting? Why do you think so? AUTHORS’ VIEWPOINT

5

Think Critically

183

WRITE Why is summer an important season for the animals of Antarctica? Give examples to explain your answer. SHORT RESPONSE


184

When he was a child, Jim Mastro lived in Hawaii for three years. He loved the ocean so much that, when he got older, he studied seals and dolphins. Then one day, he saw photos of Antarctica. He knew right away that it was a place he wanted to visit. The fi rst time that Jim Mastro visited Antarctica,he stayed for fourteen months. He has gone back many more times. In all, he has spent more than fi ve years there. During those visits, he made more than 250 dives beneath the sea. Jim Mastro now lives in New England with his family. Someday he hopes to return to Antarctica for another visit.

Meet the Author

Jim Mastro


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Norbert Wu had wanted to study the sea ever since he was in the second grade. That may seem odd, because he was raised far from the ocean, in Atlanta, Georgia. Today Norbert Wu is one of the world’s most famous underwater photographers. He has seen some amazing things while taking photographs under the sea. He has also been bitten by sharks, run over by an iceberg, and stung by sea wasps! Norbert Wu’s work has taken him from the freezing waters of the Antarctic to the warm Pacifi c. His friends say that he is always the fi rst one in the water and the last to get out!

Meet the Author / Photographer

Norbert Wu


186

Science

Poetry

by

Judy Sierra

illustrated by

Jose Aruego and Ariane Dewey

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At the f irst hint of dawn

I awake with a yawn

And follow my cousins

(All thirty-three dozen)

To the end of the land,

Where we stand and we stand,

Playing who’ll-dive-in-f irst,

And, fearing the worst,

We listen for seals

Who want us for meals.

I see one penguin lunge,

Th en in we all plunge,

Take a bath, gulp a snack,

And climb out in a pack. . . .

Hurry back to our home

For a quick preen and comb

So our feathers aren’t wet

As we watch the sun set.

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Comparing Texts

Rate a SituationWork with a partner. Read aloud each sentence

and point to the spot on the line that shows how

you would feel. Discuss your answers.

comfortable uncomfortable

• You are in a room with dim light.

• An umbrella shelters you from the rain.

• You lived in a desert where water was scarce.

absence

shelters

permanently

drifts

scarce

dim

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1. How is the author’s purpose for writing “Antarctic Ice”

different from the author’s purpose for writing “Diary of

a Very Short Winter Day”?

2. What surprised you about Antarctica? Why?

3. What makes it difficult to survive in Antarctica?

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First

Next

Then

Finally

Write an ExplanationThink about what Adélie penguins

do in Antarctica during the short

summer. Write a paragraph that

explains the sequence of events.

Partner Reading With a partner, choose a paragraph from

“Antarctic Ice.” Take turns reading your

paragraphs to each other. Remember that

when you read nonfiction, you may need

to read a bit more slowly. If you make a

mistake, reread the sentence correctly.

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storytown grade 3 lesson 21 - mrs. anna patatanyan 3rd …€¦ · of winter, the mother penguin...

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