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Stimulation

andSandControl

Imran SadiqProductionDepartmentOGDCL

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GeneralProblemsassociated withsand production

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Initiation of Sand Production

Sand production is initiated when the forces actingto dislodge sand grains from the formation exceedthe strength of the rock.

Dislodging Forces

Dislodging forces included mechanical stresses inthe rock resulting from burial and the drag forcesassociated with fluid flow.

Resisting Forces

Resisting forces include rock strength parametersand capillary pressure forces.

1. Pressure pulses caused by non-steady production2. Increasing mechanical stresses caused by pore

pressure reduction3. Increased drawdown leads to increased drag

forces4. Water breakthrough can severely reduce capillary

pressure forces

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Sand production leads to:

1. Reduced productivity2. Excessive maintenance of both down hole and surface equipment3. Premature failure of wellbore and well equipment

Causes of Sand Production

1. Formation fines

2. Load Bearing solids

The migration of formation fines is beneficialfor well productivity and is normally can notbe prevented . If the migration of theses finesis not allowed it may plug the formation or thegravel pack as well as the screens.

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The factors that cause the well toproduce sand are categorized into:

1. Rock strength effects

1. Fluid flow effect

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Factors influencing

sand productionRock Properties

Young tertiaryformations aregenerally referred toas poorly consolidatedrocks having low

compressive strengthlesser than 1000 psi.