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Številka: 51104-5/2011Datum: 17. 3. 2011

Odgovori na vprašanja Odbora proti mučenju Združenih narodov za zagovor Tretjega Periodičnega poročila Republike Slovenije po Konvenciji proti mučenju in drugim krutim,

nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju pred Odborom proti mučenju

1. in 4. člen

1. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o novi določbi, ki opredeljuje in inkriminira mučenje, predvideni v 265. členu Kazenskega zakonika, ki je bil sprejet leta 2008,1 zlasti če vsebuje vse elemente, določene v 1. členu Konvencije.2

Novo kaznivo dejanje mučenja iz 265. člena novega Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 2008 se glasi:

"Mučenje265. člen

(1) Kdor komu namenoma povzroči hudo bolečino ali trpljenje, bodisi telesno ali duševno, da si od njega ali tretje osebe pridobi informacijo oziroma priznanje, ga kaznuje za dejanje, ki ga je storil on ali tretja oseba ali je za to dejanje osumljen on ali tretja oseba, da bi ga ustrahoval ali nanj izvajal pritisk ali da bi ustrahoval tretjo osebo ali nanjo izvajal pritisk ali iz katerega drugega razloga, ki temelji na katerikoli obliki kršitve enakopravnosti, se kaznuje z zaporom od enega do desetih let.

(2) Če bolečino ali trpljenje iz prejšnjega odstavka tega člena povzroči ali prizadene uradna oseba ali kdo drug, ki nastopa z uradnim statusom ali na njeno pobudo ali z njeno izrecno privolitvijo ali molče, se kaznuje z zaporno kaznijo od treh do dvanajstih let."

Republika Slovenija meni, da so vsi znaki iz opredelitve mučenja iz 1. člena Konvencije proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju izpolnjeni z opredelitvijo novega kaznivega dejanja mučenja iz 265. člena Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 2008. Poskus, napeljevanje in pomoč pri kaznivem dejanja mučenja so kaznivi in se kaznujejo v mejah kazni, ki je predpisana za storitev kaznivega dejanja.

1 Uradni list 55/2008.2 Glede na nacionalno poročilo, predloženo v skladu s točko a 15. odstavka priloge k Resoluciji Sveta za človekove pravice 5/1, je novi slovenski Kazenski zakonik določil mučenje kot neodvisno kaznivo dejanje (265. člen). Vendar pa natančna vsebina določbe ni navedena. Glej A/HRC/WG.6/7SVN/1, 38. odstavek.

Dodatno še navajamo, da je trenutno načrtovano, da se v spremembah Kazenskega zakonika, ki naj bi bile pripravljene v prvi polovici leta 2011, določi, da se navedeno kaznivo dejanje iz poglavja o kaznivih dejanjih zoper uradno dolžnost in javna pooblastila prestavi v primernejše poglavje Kazenskega zakonika o kaznivih dejanjih zoper človekove pravice in svoboščine.

2. Ob upoštevanju predhodnih sklepnih ugotovitev odbora, v katerih je odbor izrazil zaskrbljenost glede dejstva, da v slovenski kazenski zakonodaji3 za mučenje velja zastaralni rok in za grobo ravnanje kratek zastaralni rok, vas prosimo, da zagotovite podatke o korakih, ki so bili sprejeti, da bi razveljavili zastaralni rok za mučenje in podaljšali zastaralni rok za druge vrste grobega ravnanja. Prosimo, navedite, kako novi Kazenski zakonik, sprejet leta 2008, obravnava ta vprašanja.

Kazenski zakonik, sprejet leta 2008 določa znatno daljše zastaralne roke za kazenski pregon (90. člen). Po 3. točki prvega odstavka 90. člena Kazenskega zakonika je za kaznivo dejanje iz prvega odstavka 265. člena Kazenskega zakonika določen zastaralni rok dvajsetih let, za kvalificirano obliko iz drugega odstavka 265. člena Kazenskega zakonika pa je določen po drugi točki prvega odstavka 90. člena Kazenskega zakonika zastaralni rok tridesetih let. Za surovo (grdo) ravnanje z otrokom (kaznivo dejanje po 192. členu Kazenskega zakonika pa je sedaj po četrti točki prvega odstavka 90. člena Kazenskega zakonika predpisan zastaralni rok desetih let, za kaznivo dejanje zoper mladoletno osebo pa je določeno posebno pravilo, po katerem začne zastaralni rok teči od polnoletnosti oškodovanca (žrtve kaznivega dejanja).

2. člen4

3. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o knjižici »Obvestilo o pravicah osebe, ki ji je odvzeta prostost«, ki jo je objavila slovenska Policija, in o »Obvestilu o pravicah ob odvzemu prostosti«, objavljenem v 22 jezikih, zlasti če sta bila spremenjena skladno s stališči Varuha človekovih pravic RS v njegovem rednem letnem poročilu za leto 2004 (73.–74. odstavek).5

V začetku leta 2009 je bila za vse policijske enote pripravljena nova brošura "Obvestilo o pravicah osebe, ki ji je odvzeta prostost" (te se v policijskih enotah nahajajo v prostorih za pridržanje in drugih prostorih, kjer se izvajajo postopki z osebami, ki jim je odvzeta prostost). V

3 Glejte: CAT/C/CR/30/4, 5. odstavek4 Vprašanja, zastavljena v 2. členu, lahko pomenijo tudi različne člene Konvencije, kar vključuje tudi 16. člen. Tretji odstavek Splošnih opomb št. 2 navaja »Obveznost preprečevanja mučenja iz 2. člena je obsežna. Obveznosti preprečevanja mučenja in drugega krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega kaznovanja ali ravnanja (v nadaljevanju: grobo ravnanje) po prvem odstavku 16. člena so nedeljive, soodvisne in medsebojno povezane. Obveznost preprečevanja grobega ravnanja se v praksi prekriva in je v veliki meri skladna z obveznostjo preprečevanja mučenja. (…) V praksi je prag med opredelitvijo grobega ravnanja in mučenja pogosto nejasen.« Glej V. poglavje teh splošnih opomb.

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brošuri, ki je v elektronski obliki dostopna tudi na spletni strani Policije6

so bile upoštevane tudi ugotovitve Varuha človekovih pravic RS.

Obvestilo o pravicah osebe, ki ji je odvzeta prostost vsebuje naslednje informacije oziroma pravne pouke:

Oseba, ki ji je na podlagi zakonodaje Republike Slovenije odvzeta prostost na območju Republike Slovenije, ima zagotovljene temeljne človekove pravice in svoboščine, ki jih določajo Ustava Republike Slovenije, mednarodne konvencije in drugi predpisi, ki urejajo ravnanje policije z osebami, ki jim je odvzeta prostost. O Vaših pravicah v postopku so Vas policisti dolžni poučiti takoj ob odvzemu prostosti. Ker zaradi različnih okoliščin morda niste razumeli pomena pravic, ki so Vam zagotovljene na podlagi zakonodaje, Vas želimo na kratko še pisno seznaniti s temi pravicami in načinom njihovega zagotavljanja: Oseba, ki je pridržana po Zakonu o policiji, Zakonu o prekrških ali Zakonu o kazenskem postopku ali zadržana po Zakonu o nadzoru državne meje, mora biti v svojem materinem jeziku ali jeziku, ki ga razume, takoj obveščena, da ji je odvzeta prostost in o razlogih za odvzem prostosti, ter poučena, da ni dolžna ničesar izjaviti, da ima pravico do takojšnje pravne pomoči zagovornika, ki ga svobodno izbere, in da se na njeno zahtevo o odvzemu prostosti obvestijo njeni najbližji. Če je oseba, ki ji je odvzeta prostost, tujec, mora biti v svojem materinem jeziku ali jeziku, ki ga razume, poučena tudi o tem, da se na njeno zahtevo o odvzemu prostosti obvesti diplomatsko-konzularno predstavništvo države, katere državljan je. Policist mora odložiti vsa nadaljnja dejanja do prihoda zagovornika, vendar najdlje za dve uri od tedaj, ko je bila osebi dana možnost, da obvesti zagovornika. Policist lahko takoj privede ali pridrži osebo oziroma opravi drugo dejanje, določeno z zakonom, če bi odlaganje onemogočilo ali otežilo izvedbo naloge. Pravico do molka, do zagovornika, obveščanja bližnjih in do obveščanja diplomatsko konzularnega predstavništva ima pridržana oziroma zadržana oseba ves čas postopka za odvzem prostosti in jih lahko uveljavlja takoj oziroma kadar koli med odvzemom prostosti, ne glede na to, če se je morda tem pravicam predhodno odpovedala. Pravica do takojšnje pravne pomoči zagovornika pomeni, da lahko oseba, ki ji je odvzeta prostost, prosto, brez navzočnosti drugih oseb, z zagovornikom neposredno ustno komunicira ob obisku, po telefonu ali po pošti. Policist je dolžan zagovorniku omogočiti neoviran stik z osebo. Zaupnega pogovora med zagovornikom in osebo policist ne sme poslušati, lahko pa ju vizualno nadzira.Če si oseba, ki ji je odvzeta prostost, glede na svoje gmotne razmere, zagovornika ne more zagotoviti sama, lahko zaprosi za brezplačno pravno pomoč v skladu z Zakonom o brezplačni pravni pomoči. Zunaj rednega delovnega časa službe za brezplačno pravno pomoč se dodelitev zagovornika obravnava kot nujna brezplačna pravna pomoč v obliki prvega pravnega nasveta. Če mu brezplačna pravna pomoč kasneje ni odobrena, mora stroške prvega pravnega nasveta poravnati sam.

Oseba, ki ji je odvzeta prostost, ima tudi druge pravice, ki jih lahko uveljavlja oziroma ji morajo biti zagotovljene med odvzemom prostosti, in sicer:- pravico, da jo na njene stroške pregleda zdravnik, ki ga sama izbere. Zdravniški pregledi morajo biti opravljeni brez navzočnosti policistov, razen če zdravnik ne zahteva drugače. Če oseba potrebuje

6 Glejte: http://www.policija.si/images/stories/DelovnaPodrocja/pooblastila/PDF/obvestilo-o-pravicah-osebe.pdf [opomba Republike Slovenije].

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nujno zdravniško pomoč, morajo policisti takoj poskrbeti, da se ji ta zagotovi po predpisih, ki urejajo nujno medicinsko pomoč;- pravico, poslati pisanje za zaščito svojih pravic na varuha človekovih pravic in na Evropski odbor za preprečevanje mučenja in nečloveškega ali ponižujočega ravnanja ali kaznovanja. Osebe imajo pravico oddati pobudo (prošnjo, pritožbo) v zaprti ovojnici, to pomeni, da policist nima pravice vpogledati v pisanje (ustavno varstvo tajnosti pisem) in je dolžan ovojnico po redni pošti poslati naslovniku;- pravico do nepretrganega 8-urnega počitka v 24 urah;- pravico do prehrane v ustreznih časovnih intervalih, kar vključuje tudi zagotovitev posebne prehrane zaradi zdravstvenih razlogov ali verskega prepričanja;- pravico do stalnega dostopa do pitne vode;- z osebo je treba ravnati človeško in varovati njeno osebnost in dostojanstvo. Ne sme biti izpostavljena mučenju, nečloveškemu ali ponižujočemu kaznovanju ali ravnanju;- sila se sme uporabiti le, kadar je to neizogibno potrebno in v skladu z zakonskimi določili.

4. Potem ko je odbor v svojih predhodnih sklepnih ugotovitvah izrazil zaskrbljenost zaradi pomanjkanja ustreznega zagotavljanja pravic osebam, ki jim je odvzeta prostost, da si izberejo neodvisnega zdravnika od začetka pripora,7 je država pogodbenica 26. oktobra 2005 uvedla formalno določbo, ki pridržanim osebam zagotavlja dostop do zdravnika. Glede na poročilo Evropskega odbora za preprečevanje mučenja in nečloveškega ali ponižujočega ravnanja ali kaznovanja (CPT) o svojem obisku v Sloveniji leta 2006 pridržane osebe niso pravilno obveščene o tej pravici.8 Prosimo, zagotovite podatke o ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da se zagotovi, da so osebe, ki jim je odvzeta prostost, obveščene o svojih pravicah, vključno s pravico do dostopa do zdravnika, odvetnika in pravico do stika z družinskim članom.

V praksi ima vsaka oseba pravico, da jo na njene stroške pregleda zdravnik, ki ga sama izbere. Zdravniški pregledi morajo biti opravljeni brez navzočnosti policistov, razen če zdravnik ne zahteva drugače. Če oseba potrebuje nujno zdravniško pomoč, morajo policisti takoj poskrbeti, da se ji ta zagotovi po predpisih, ki urejajo nujno medicinsko pomoč, v tem primeru mora stroške kriti država. To področje ureja 44.a člen Zakona o policiji. Niso bili sprejeti nobeni posebni ukrepi, saj pritožb na to temo s strani pridržanih oseb ali njihovih odvetnikov ne beležimo.

Poleg navedenega je odgovor delno podan tudi v prejšnji točki, vse pridržane osebe pa so dodatno tudi ustno obveščene o pravici do dostopa do zdravnika, prav tako pa tudi do odvetnika, do kontakta z družinskim članom ter do konzularne pomoči (kadar gre za tuje državljane). Dodatno še navajamo, da tako Zakon o kazenskem postopku kot Zakon o policiji urejata pravico do dostopa do zagovornika, Zakon o kazenskem postopku in Zakon o prekrških pa še pravico do konzularne pravne pomoči.

7 Glejte: CAT/C/CR/30/4, 5. odstavek8 CPT/Inf (2008) 7, 22. odstavek.

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5. Prosimo, navedite, ali so bili zasnovani mehanizmi za zbiranje, obdelovanje in shranjevanje podatkov o etnični pripadnosti žrtev, čezmerni uporabi sile in protipravnem ravnanju policistov9 in, če so bili, prosimo zagotovite odboru ustrezne posodobljene ločene statistične podatke.

Republika Slovenija zastopa dosedanja stališča, da se zbiranja osebnih podatkov o narodnosti žrtev ali storilcev kaznivih dejanj ali drugih kršitev (prekrški) ne bo uvedlo, saj je to nesorazmerno in neprimerno, kot tudi verjetno protiustavno z vidika pravice do varstva osebnih podatkov in pravice do človeškega dostojanstva (sklicujemo se na odločbo Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije iz leta 2002 - odločba US, št. U-I-92/0128.2.2002), saj to niti ne bi bila "potrebna(!)" upravna naloga - z vidika načela sorazmernosti v demokratični družbi. Neodvisna (statistična) raziskava nevladnih organizacij iz leta 200410 glede določene ustavno določene etnične skupnosti kaže po njihovem mnenju, da četudi morda obstajajo določena, komajda prepoznavna škodljiva odstopanja v primerih delovanja policije in državnega tožilstva v postopkih zoper pripadnike te skupnosti, da sodstvo vendarle doseže enako (pošteno) obravnavanje, ki je kvečjemu v korist te skupnosti in da torej v končnem primeru sodni postopki praviloma vedno preprečijo nastanek stanja diskriminacije.

Glede vprašanja čezmerne uporabe sile s strani policistov oziroma glede protipravnega ravnanja policistov je podroben odgovor podan pri točki 7.

6. Ob upoštevanju predhodnih sklepnih ugotovitev odbora11 vas prosimo, da navedete, če in kako so bila okrepljena varovala pred mučenjem in grobim ravnanjem, ki jih predvideva Zakon o kazenskem postopku. Prosimo, zagotovite tudi posodobljene podatke, ločene glede na spol, starost, etnično pripadnost ali poreklo žrtev, o številu pritožb, preiskav, pregonov, obsodb in izrečenih kazni v primerih mučenja.

Republika Slovenija uvodno navaja, da pri preiskovanju ali nadzorovanju vseh oblik grdega ravnanja, kot so mučenje, nečloveško ali ponižujoče ravnanje ali kaznovanje oziroma prekoračitve prisilnih pooblastil, glede katerih se pojavijo informacije, prijave ali pritožbe, da so jih izvajale uradne osebe s policijskimi ali drugimi podobnimi prisilnimi pooblastili (Vojaška policija, pravosodni policisti v zavodih za prestajanje kazni zapora, zasebni varnostniki ipd.) izhaja iz tega, da je treba vsako takšno zatrjevanje skrbno preiskati oziroma opraviti nadzor oziroma celo preventivne nadzore v "rizičnih" krajih odvzema ali omejitve prostosti.

9 Skladno s poročilom države pogodbenice četrto poglavje Zakona o policiji (Zbiranje, varstvo in zavarovanje podatkov) določa, da policiji ni dovoljeno zbirati, obdelovati in shranjevati podatkov o narodnostni ali etnični pripadnosti (peti odstavek).10 Enakost in diskiriminacija - Sodobni izzivi za pravosodje, Dean Zagorac et.al., Mirovni inštitut, Ljubljana, 2005, str. 75-76. [opomba Republike Slovenije].11 Glejte: CAT/C/CR/30/4, 6. odstavek

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Podrobnejši odgovor glede določenih novih sistemskih varoval pred mučenjem je podan v odgovoru št. 7 (Specializirani oddelek, ki deluje pri Vrhovnem državnem tožilstvu Republike Slovenije), za izvedbo teh novih varoval so bile potrebne štiri zakonske spremembe (dve noveli Zakona o kazenskem postopku in dve noveli Zakona o državnem tožilstvu v letu 2007). Posodobljenih podatkov glede spola, starosti, etnične pripadnosti in etničnem poreklu žrtev ne moremo posredovati, z izjemo navedenega pri odgovoru na vprašanje št. 7. Kot že navedeno pri odgovoru na vprašanje št. 5, podatkov o etnični pripadnosti ali etničnem poreklu žrtev ne obdelujemo.

Poleg tega je leta 2006 Republika Slovenija vzpostavila nov, dodaten nadzorni mehanizem za odkrivanje oziroma preprečevanje mučenja in drugih krutih ravnanj. Ob ratifikaciji "Opcijskega protokola Konvenciji Združenih narodov proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju" je namreč Republika Slovenija v okviru izvedbenega dela zakona o ratifikaciji navedenega Opcijskega protokola (sprejet leta 2006) določila, da Varuh človekovih pravic v svoje nadzorne skupine, ki izvršujejo nadzor nad ravnanjem z vsemi osebami, ki jim je odvzeta ali omejena prostost in se nahajajo v krajih odvzema prostosti, vključi predstavnike nevladnih organizacij s področja človekovih pravic, ki so registrirane v Republiki Sloveniji oziroma humanitarnih organizacij, katere priznava pravni red Republike Slovenije. Nevladne in humanitarne organizacije izbere Varuh človekovih pravic samostojno na podlagi javnega razpisa, pripadniki navedenih organizacij, ki sodelujejo pri izvajanju nadzorov skupaj s predstavniki Varuha človekovih pravic, delujejo samostojno, s posebnim podzakonskim aktom je tudi urejeno vprašanje povračil stroškov za njihovo delo in simbolične nagrade za njihovo delo (npr. za izdelavo poročila). S tem novim sistemom so okrepljeni neodvisni nadzor (tako kadrovsko in finančno), učinkovitost nadzora ter legitimnost nadzora.

Navedeni mehanizem sodelovanja Varuha človekovih pravic z nevladnimi organizacijami in humanitarnimi organizacijami pri opravljanju nadzorov nad kraji odvzema prostosti je začel delovati leta 2007 in je izredno uspešen, npr. prišlo je tudi do znatnega povečanja število opravljenih nadzorov12.

7. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o specializiranem oddelku, ki je bil pred kratkim ustanovljen znotraj Skupine državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala v okviru Vrhovnega državnega tožilstva RS, da bi vodil neodvisno preiskovanje kaznivih dejanj, katerih storitve so osumljeni policisti13. Prosimo, zagotovite tudi podatke o vseh drugih ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da bi zagotovili takojšnje, učinkovito in nepristransko preiskovanje domnevnega

12 Glejte: Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic RS o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju za leto 2008,, http://www.varuh-rs.si/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/DPM/DPM_-_porocilo__za_leto_2008_-_zadnje.pdfDržavni preventivni mehanizem po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju - Poročilo 2009, http://www.varuh-rs.si/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/DPM/DPM_-_porocilo_-_okt2010_WEB.pdf [opomba Republike Slovenije].13 Glejte: A/HRC/WG.6/7/SVN/1, 40. odstavek

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mučenja in grobega ravnanja, ki ga je storil policist ali drug javni uslužbenec.

7.a Splošno o Specializiranem oddelku

Specializirani oddelek, ki deluje pri Skupini državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala pri Vrhovnem državnem tožilstvu Republike Slovenije, torej na najvišjem državnem tožilstvu v Republiki Sloveniji, je izključno krajevno in stvarno pristojen za pregon kaznivih dejanj, ki jih v službi ali zunaj službe storijo uradne osebe s pooblastili policije v predkazenskem postopku. Navedeni Speicalizirani oddelek svoje pristojnosti, naloge in pooblastila začel izvrševati dne 1. 11. 2007. Za njegovo ustanovitev so bile leta 2007 spremenjene določbe Zakona o državnem tožilstvu in Zakona o kazenskem postopku. Spodbuda za vzpostavitev takšne posebne organizacijske oblike pregona storilcev kaznivih dejanj s policijskimi pooblastili pa je bila izdaja sodbe Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice leta 2006 v primeru Matko v. Slovenija.

Popolna organizacijska in siceršnja ločenost Specializiranega oddelka, zlasti v razmerju do policije in Policije zagotavlja razmere za neodvisno, nepristransko in učinkovito preiskovanje kaznivih dejanj in pregon storilcev.

Leta 2009 so policisti - preiskovalci Specializiranega oddelka prejeli v reševanje 256 zadev zoper 316 oseb s pooblastili policije v predkazenskem postopku. Med njimi je bilo 315 oseb s policijskimi pooblastili, zaposlenih v policiji, in ena zaposlena oseba na Ministrstvu za obrambo. Hkrati so v tem letu zaključili delo na 69 zadevah, prenesenih iz prejšnjih let, zoper 102 osebi (99 oseb s policijskimi pooblastili, zaposlenih v policiji in tri osebe, zaposlene v Ministrstvu za obramb). Po zaključenem preiskovanju so policisti – preiskovalci Specializiranega oddelka podali 80 kazenskih ovadb zoper 95 osumljencev, v 196 zadevah zoper 273 osebe pa so podali poročilo. Ena kazenska ovadba pa je bila podana zoper neznanega storilca, zaposlenega na Ministrstvu za obrambo. Med 256 zadevami, ki so jih leta 2009 obravnavali policisti – preiskovalci Specializiranega oddelka, gre pri 67 % zadev za kazniva dejanja, povezana z izvajanjem policijskih pooblastil, od tega odpade skoraj 35 % (102 zadevi) na najpogosteje obravnavano kaznivo dejanje kršitve človeškega dostojanstva z zlorabo uradnega položaja in uradnih pravic po 266. členu Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 2008 (270. člen Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 1994). V zvezi z opravljanjem nalog in izvajanjem policijskih pooblastil so številčno zastopana še kazniva dejanja zlorabe uradnega položaja ali uradnih pravic po 257. členu Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 2008 (261. člen Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 1994) s 36 zadevami, nevestno delo v službi po 258. členu Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 2008 (262. člen Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 1994) s 17 zadevami in ponareditev ali uničenje uradne listine, knjige, spisa ali arhivskega gradiva po 259. členu Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 2008 (265. člen Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 1994) s 14 zadevami. Med ravnanji zunaj službe pa so bila npr. preganjana kazniva dejanja ogrožanja varnosti po 135. členu Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 2008 (145. člen Kazenskega zakonika iz leta 1994). V letu 2009 je Specializirani

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oddelek vložil sedem zahtev za preiskavo, 60 neposrednih obtožb in obtožnih predlogov ter štiri obtožbe po končani preiskavi. Postopek je bil zoper pet osumljencev zaključen z odloženim pregonom. Leta 2009 je bilo izdanih 21 sodb: sedem po zaključeni glavni obravnavi, ostalih 14 pa na podlagi kaznovalnih nalogov. Ob eni oprostilni in eni zavrnilni sodbi je bilo izdanih 19 obsodilnih sodb: med slednjimi je bilo 13 pravnomočnih do konca leta 2009. V desetih primerih je bila izrečena denarna kazen, v osmih pogojna obsodba in v enem zaporna kazen. V zadnjem primeru je šlo za kaznivo dejanje povzročitve prometne nesreče iz malomarnosti.

Za leto 2011 se načrtuje tudi sprejetje novega Zakona o državnem tožilstvu, ki bi med drugim ustanovil tudi novo okrožno državno tožilstvo Republike Slovenije - Specializirano državno tožilstvo Republike Slovenije. V okviru tega novega državnega tožilstva bo deloval kot samostojna notranja organizacijska enota s posebnim položajem Oddelek za preiskovanje in pregon zlorabe prisilnih pooblastil. Ta posebni oddelek bo deloval po načelu strokovne in operativne avtonomnosti v skladu z določbami Zakona o državnem tožilstvu. Oddelek bo izključno krajevno in stvarno pristojen za obravnavo kaznivih dejanj, če jih storijo uradne osebe:

– Policije; – notranjih zadev, ki imajo policijska pooblastila v okviru izvajanja nadzora

po zakonu, ki ureja Policijo; – z zakonom določenega organa v ministrstvu, pristojnem za obrambo, ki

ima pooblastila policije v predkazenskem postopku;– s pooblastili policije v predkazenskem postopku, ki so napotene na misijo

v tujini;– obveščevalno-varnostnega organa ministrstva, pristojnega za obrambo; – Slovenske obveščevalno-varnostne agencije.

Navedeni oddelek bo še naprej imel lastne policiste, ki bodo podrejeni državnim tožilcem Specializiranega državnega tožilstva Republike Slovenije in preiskovali kazniva dejanja uradnih oseb s prisilnimi pooblastili.

Navedena nova reforma na področju državnega tožilstva, ki vključuje tudi reformo glede preiskovanja kaznivih dejanj uradnih oseb s prisilnimi pooblastili, je nadgradnja obstoječega ustreznega sistema preiskovanja tovrstnih kaznivih dejanj od 1.11.2007, saj si to področje zasluži dodatno pravnoorganizacijsko samostojnost in specializacijo, ki mora dodatno pripomoči k učinkovitosti preiskovanja kaznivih dejanj uradnih oseb s prisilnimi pooblastili.

7.b Področje obrambe

Pri pripadnikih Vojaške policije gre za osebe, ki imajo pooblastila policije v predkazenskem postopku, pooblastila so omejena na pripadnike oboroženih sil Republike Slovenije in delno tudi na civilne osebe, ki se nahajajo na objektih in okoliših posebnega pomena za obrambo. V primeru, da so podani razlogi za sum, da je takšna oseba storila kaznivo dejanje, ki se preganja po uradni dolžnosti, imajo policisti v specializiranem oddelku Skupine državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala, skladno z 158.a. členom Zakona o kazenskem postopku, pooblastila policije v predkazenskem postopku, kot jih določa

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predmetni zakon. Policisti specializiranega oddelka so o razlogih za sum, da je bilo storjeno kaznivo dejanje, dolžni takoj obvestiti pristojnega državnega tožilca iz Specializiranega oddelka Skupine državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala in mu redno poročati o načrtovanju in poteku predkazenskega postopka.

V primeru, da je pri posameznem vojaškem policistu ugotovljen sum storitve kaznivega dejanja, ki se preganja po uradni dolžnosti, se o tem nemudoma obvesti Skupino državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala, bodisi da to stori domnevna žrtev (ta poda prijavo Policiji, slednja pa to preda Skupini državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala), ali pa to storijo pristojni v okviru Vojaške policije, ko so obveščeni ali kako drugače zvedo za domnevno storitev kaznivega dejanja s strani pripadnika Vojaške policije.

Ločeno od postopka s strani Skupine državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala, se zoper pripadnika Vojaške policije, ki je osumljen storitve kaznivega dejanja, lahko uvede tudi disciplinski postopek, ki pa teče neodvisno od postopka, ki ga vodi Skupina državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala.

8. Prosimo, zagotovite podatke o ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da bi se izognili dolgim obdobjem pripora pri dolgotrajnih postopkih. Prosimo, zagotovite tudi podrobne podatke o primerih, v katerih so sodišča odredila pripor tudi po izteku najdaljšega dopustnega časa trajanja pripora posameznika, in o pravni podlagi za tovrstno ravnanje14

.

Neustavno dolgih obdobij pripora v Sloveniji ni več. Zlasti v obdobju 1995-1998 je Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije (v postopkih ustavnih pritožb) zelo aktivno razdelalo ustavnosodno presojo tako glede trajanja pripora, kot glede alternativnih oblik zagotavljanja prisotnosti obtožencev za potrebe kazenskih postopkov (zlasti hišni pripor). Poleg tega je bila leta 2005 izdana precedenčna (napol "pilotska") sodba Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice v primeru Lukenda v. Slovenija, ki je razsodila, da v Republiki Sloveniji ne obstaja učinkovito pravno sredstvo za varstvo pravice do sojenja v razumnem roku (prvi odstavek 6. člena v zvezi s 13. členom Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah). Na podlagi tega je bil na državnem nivoju v sodelovanju med Vlado, Državnim zborom in sodno vejo oblasti (element delitve oblasti - zavore in ravnovesja) konec leta 2005 sprejet Projekt odprave sodnih zaostankov - Projekt Lukenda, na podlagi katerega so sodni zaostanki že skorajda odpravljeni. Na podlagi tega projekta, katerega izvajanje je podaljšano do 31.12.2012, naj bi bili sodni zaostanki v celoti odpravljeni do konca leta 2012.

Vprašanje maksimalnega roka oziroma omejitve trajanja pripora za potrebe prisotnosti na kazenski obravnavi v okviru kazenskega postopka (obdolženčevo izogibanje prisotnosti glavni obravnavi v kazenskem postopku pred kazenskim sodiščem) je bilo konkretno razrešeno s "testnim primerom" leta 2007. Okrajno sodišče v Ljubljani je namreč leta 2007 s sklepom presodilo, da je treba določbo o 30dnevnem priporu iz drugega odstavka 307. člena Zakona o

14 Glejte: CAT/C/SVN/3, 23.–25. odstavek.9

kazenskem postopku razlagati in uporabljati absolutno in da maksimum 30 dni lahko pomeni le 30 dni, drugačno razumevanje te določbe bi pomenilo nezakonit poseg v osebno svobodo obdolženca. Zoper to sodno odločbo se je pritožilo državno tožilstvo, Višje sodišče v Ljubljani (sklep opr. št. II Kp 326/2007, 13.6.2007) pa je testno presodilo, da je sklep Okrajnega sodišča v Ljubljani pravilen, saj bi kakršnakoli drugačna razlaga pomenila, da bi lahko tak ponavljani pripor trajal brez časovne omejitve.

9. Glede na poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic RS15 za leto 2008 in poročilo Evropskega odbora za preprečevanje mučenja in nečloveškega ali ponižujočega ravnanja ali kaznovanja o svojem obisku v Sloveniji16 leta 2006 so v nekaterih zaporih razmere pridržanja še vedno kritične. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o korakih, ki so bili nazadnje sprejeti, da bi izboljšali razmere pridržanja in predvsem da bi se spoprijeli s prezasedenostjo v zaporih in čezmerno uporabo sile policistov, zlasti proti pripadnikom etničnih manjšin. V zvezi z »nevzdržnimi« razmerami pridržanja za osebe z duševnimi motnjami ali boleznijo vas prosimo, da odboru zagotovite posodobljene podatke o razpravah med ministrstvoma za zdravje in pravosodje o odprtju forenzične psihiatrične bolnišnice17.

9.a Glede stanja v zavodih za prestajanje kazni zapora

Republika Slovenija uvodno navaja, da je za razbremenitev prostorske stiske na obstoječi lokaciji Zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora Ljubljana bila sprejeta odločitev, s katero smo omejili zgornjo mejo še sprejemljivega števila zaprtih oseb v zavodu na 245. Vse zaprte osebe, ki so po številu presegle navedeno mejo, so bile postopoma prerazporejene na druge lokacije oz. se premestitve izvedejo takoj, ko se preseže navedeno število zaprtih oseb. Prostorsko stisko in prenapolnjenost rešujemo tudi tako, da se pozorno spremlja gibanje števila zaprtih oseb in se v okviru možnosti sproti premešča zaprte osebe iz bolj zasedenih v manj zasedene sobe, oddelke in zavode, obenem pa sprejemajo tudi drugi ukrepi za zmanjšanje negativnih posledic prenapolnjenosti zavodov. Po petih letih naraščanja števila zaprtih oseb, se je v letu 2010 število zaprtih oseb prvič zmanjšalo glede na preteklo leto za približno 4 %.

Kot smo že odgovorili na priporočilo CPT18, navajamo, da potekajo aktivnosti za izgradnjo novega Zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora Ljubljana na ustrezni drugi lokaciji, in sporočamo, da je že pridobljeno zemljišče in so tako v teku aktivnosti za izgradnjo nadomestnega Zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora Ljubljana na drugi lokaciji, s katero bodo odpravljene prostorske težave in prenapolnjenost na sedanji lokaciji. Izdelana je bila projektna naloga, projekt je bil vnesen v načrt

15 Letno poročilo varuha človekovih pravic za leto 2008, str. 40. Glej tudi Poročilo varuha človekovih pravic za leto 2008 o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma v skladu z Opcijskim protokolom h Konvenciji Združenih narodov proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju.16 CPT/Inf (2008) 7, 3. poglavje.17 Glejte: Letno poročilo varuha človekovih pravic za leto 2008, str. 17.18 Glejte: »Response of the Slovenian Government to the report of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment on its visit to Slovenia« [opomba Republike Slovenije].

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razvojnih programov, pripravlja se izvedba javnega arhitekturnega natečaja.

Kljub objektivni prostorski stiski poskuša Zavod za prestajanje kazni zapora Ljubljana pripornikom omogočiti v okviru prostorskih in kadrovskih pogojev čim bolj normalno in aktivno prestajanje pripora. Strokovni delavci v priporu spodbujajo pripornike k aktivni izrabi prostega časa v bivalnih prostorih. Omogočajo jim potreben material za risanje, slikanje in dopisovanje. Omogočena je tudi izposoja knjig v zavodski knjižnici. Glede na veroizpoved je pripornikom zagotovljena pastoralna dejavnost. Redno jih obiskuje duhovnik. Bistveno daljše bivanje zunaj celic z dodatnimi dejavnostmi pa bo mogoče zagotoviti z izgradnjo novega Zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora Ljubljana.

Prav tako se izvaja tudi prva faza prenove Zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora Dob, ki vključuje predvsem gradnjo dveh novih bivalnih objektov v zaprtem delu zavoda s skupno kapaciteto 174 postelj, ki bo predvidoma zaključena v prvi polovici leta 2011. S tem se bodo pomembno izboljšale nastanitvene razmere v zaprtem delu zavoda in odpravil problem prenapolnjenosti, saj bodo v novo zgrajena objekta nastanjeni obsojenci iz sedaj številčno preobremenjenih spalnic.

V okviru Zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora Dob smo na novi lokaciji ustanovili tudi nov Odprti oddelek Puščava s trenutno kapaciteto 17 oseb. Na ta način je posredno razbremenjen tudi zaprti del Zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora Dob, saj se sedaj lahko več obsojencev razporedi v polodprti oddelek Slovenska vas, kjer so se sprostile zmogljivosti zaradi premestitve obsojencev v Odprti oddelek Puščava. Poleg tega so se v novem odprtem oddelku ustvarili pogoji za višjo kvaliteto dela z zaprtimi osebami, katerih večina je zaposlena v okoliških zasebnih podjetjih.

Posebno pozornost pa smo namenili tudi alternativnim oblikam, še posebej t.i. "vikend zaporu", katerega dovolitev je v pristojnosti Uprave Republike Slovenije za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij Ministrstva za pravosodje. V tem primeru lahko direktor zavoda dovoli obsojencem, ki izpolnjujejo določene zakonske pogoje, da med prestajanjem kazni zapora še naprej ostanejo v svojem delovnem ali izobraževalnem razmerju in prebivajo doma, razen ob prostih dnevih, praviloma na koncu tedna, ko morajo biti v zavodu. Število tovrstnih prestajanj kazni se je v zadnjih dveh letih povečalo, saj je v letu 2009 že 25 obsojencev prestajalo omenjeno alternativno obliko, v letu 2010 pa 58.

9. b Glede ustanavljanje posebne forenzične bolnišnice

Medresorska delovna skupina, ki je bila imenovana meseca aprila 2010 z nalogo, da prouči in pripravlja osnove za ustanovitev forenzičnega oddelka psihiatrične bolnišnice v Sloveniji, je izdelala končno poročilo in podala predlog za ustanovitev forenzičnega oddelka okviru Psihiatrične bolnišnice Maribor. Trenutno tečejo pripravljalna dela, študije in formalni postopki za ustanovitev forenzičnega oddelka psihiatrične bolnišnice, ki naj bi bila predvidoma ustanovljena do konca leta 2011.

10. Ne glede na sprejetje Zakona o preprečevanju nasilja v družini leta 2008 je Odbor za odpravo diskriminacije žensk izrazil zaskrbljenost

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glede stalne razširjenosti nasilja nad ženskami in dekleti in glede visokega števila žensk, ki so jih umorili njihovi intimni partnerji19. Prosimo, zagotovite podatke, ali so bili sprejeti ukrepi, kot je priporočil Odbor za odpravo diskriminacije žensk, za razvoj celovite strategije ali akcijskega načrta za preprečevanje in odpravo vseh oblik nasilja nad ženskami in dekleti, in če je bil vzpostavljen učinkovit institucionalni mehanizem za usklajevanje, spremljanje in ocenjevanje učinkovitosti sprejetih ukrepov. Prosimo, zagotovite posodobljene podatke, ne glede na spol, starost, etnično pripadnost ali poreklo žrtev, o številu prijav, preiskav, pregonov, obsodb in izrečenih kazni v primerih nasilja nad ženskami.

Republika Slovenija je leta 2009 sprejela Resolucijo o preprečevanju nasilja v družini za obdobje 2009-2014. Le-ta je strateški dokument, ki odloča cilje, ukrepe in ključne nosilce politik za preprečevanje in zmanjševanje nasilja v družini v Sloveniji za petletno obdobje. Temeljna cilja tega dokumenta sta povezati ukrepe različnih resorjev in zagotoviti učinkovite dejavnosti za zmanjšanje nasilja v družini, in sicer na ravni njegovega prepoznavanja in preprečevanja. Z dvoletnim Akcijskim načrtom, ki je v letu 2010 sledil sprejemu Resolucije, Vlada Republike Slovenije zagotavlja transparentnejšo porabo javnih sredstev za zmanjševanje nasilja in ciljno usmerjene aktivnosti pristojnih organov za posamezne ciljne skupine.

Glede mreže materinskih domov, varnih hiš in zavetišč smo izpolnili Nacionalni program socialnega varstva do leta 2010 (v načrtu je bilo 350 mest, dosegli smo številko cca. 360 mest). Mrežo nameravamo širiti glede na potrebe (najmanj 1 krizni center za odrasle v Ljubljani, 1 varno hišo v Ljubljani in 1 varno hišo v obalnokraški regiji, ki bo začela delovati predvidoma z delom sredi leta 2011). Posebna pozornost bomo usmerili v programe dela s povzročitelji nasilja, trenutno se izvajata dva programa, kar je glede na potrebe, ki jih zaznavajo pristojni centri za socialno delo, premalo. Posebna pozornost pa bo posvečena tudi programom za pomoč starejšim žrtvam nasilja, ki so zaradi pogoste odvisnosti od drugih pri opravljanju osnovnih opravil ter zaradi okrnjene socialne mreže pogosto zelo nemočni.

V varno hišo se sprejema ženske, ki doživljajo kakršnokoli obliko nasilja, z njimi lahko pridejo tudi otroci. Otroke moškega spola se sprejema samo do dopolnjenega 15. leta starosti, ali izjemoma do zaključka osnovnega šolanja.

Centri za socialno delo so leta 2010 obravnavali 1928 primerov nasilja v družini z 2975 žrtvami ter 1845 povzročitelji. Največkrat so obravnavali psihično nasilje (v 1694 primerih) in fizično nasilje (v 1460 primerih). Med žrtvami je bilo 860 mladoletnih, 290 žrtev je bilo starih nad 60 let. Največ povzročiteljev nasilja v družini v razmerju do žrtve je bilo partnerjev (1082), staršev (460), otrok (292) in bivših partnerjev (278). Med vsemi primeri nasilja so leta 2010 na socialni inšpekciji prejeli 13 pobud za izredne nadzore.

19 Glejte: CEDAW/C/SVN/CO/4, 23. odstavek.12

11. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da bi preprečili trgovino z ljudmi in se proti njej borili in da bi žrtvam trgovine z ljudmi zagotovili dostop do učinkovitih pravnih sredstev, povračilo škode ter storitve in programe za ustrezno okrevanje in družbeno integracijo. Prosimo, zagotovite tudi posodobljene podatke, ne glede na spol, starost, etnično pripadnost ali poreklo žrtev, o številu prijav, preiskav, pregonov, obsodb in izrečenih kazni v primerih trgovine z ljudmi.

Splošne informacije

Že leta 2001 je Republika Slovenija začela aktivno sodelovati v boju proti trgovini z ljudmi, ko je bil v ta namen imenovan nacionalni koordinator. Z vidika razvoja in naraščajočega obsega obveznosti je bila s sklepom Vlade Republike Slovenije (št. 240-05/2003-1 z dne 18. 12. 2003) ustanovljena Medresorska delovna skupina. Skupina obsega predstavnike ministrstev in vladnih organov ter člane nevladnih organizacij (NVO). Istočasno je bil določen mandat skupine in seznam njenih nalog. To je bil temelj za pripravo akcijskih načrtov, ki jih je vlada potrdila za obdobje dveh let. Načrt temelji na preventivnem in zaščitnem delovanju vseh organov in organizacij, ki imajo svoje predstavnice ter predstavnike v Medresorski delovni skupini za boj proti TzL. Načrti temeljijo tudi na izobraževanju in mednarodnem sodelovanju strokovnih delavcev, uradnikov ter prostovoljcev, ki delajo na področju boja proti TzL. Medresorska delovna skupina obvešča slovensko vlado o svojih dejavnostih z rednimi letnimi poročili.

Zakonodaja

Na podlagi 113. člena Kazenskega zakonika so v Sloveniji prepovedane vse oblike trgovine z ljudmi. Posebno kaznivo dejanje trgovine z ljudmi je bilo v Sloveniji določeno leta 2004. Maja 2008 je Državni zbor Republike Slovenije (Parlament) sprejel nov Kazenski zakonik (veljati je začel 1. novembra 2008), s katerim so bile tudi zvišane najvišje kazni za trgovino z ljudmi - na 15 let zapora.

Kazenski zakonik iz leta 2008, 113. člen – kaznivo dejanje trgovine z ljudmi določa:

"Trgovina z ljudmi113. člen

(1) Kdor zaradi izkoriščanja prostitucije ali drugih oblik spolnih zlorab, prisilnega dela, suženjstva, služabništva ali trgovine z organi, človeškimi tkivi ali krvjo drugo osebo kupi, prevzame, nastani, prepelje, proda, izroči oziroma z njo kako drugače razpolaga ali pri teh ravnanjih posreduje, se kaznuje z zaporom od enega do desetih let.

(2) Če je dejanje iz prejšnjega odstavka storjeno proti mladoletniku ali pa s silo, grožnjo, preslepitvijo, ugrabitvijo ali zlorabo podrejenega ali odvisnega položaja ali z namenom prisiljevanja k nosečnosti ali umetni oploditvi, se storilec kaznuje z zaporom od treh do petnajstih let.

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(3) S kaznijo iz prejšnjega odstavka se kaznuje, kdor stori dejanje iz prvega ali drugega odstavka tega člena kot član hudodelske združbe za izvedbo takih dejanj ali če je bila s tem dejanjem pridobljena velika premoženjska korist."

Pomembna nacionalna zakonodaja, katere cilj je boj proti trgovini z ljudmi:

– Kazenski zakonik iz leta 2008 (KZ-1) (112. člen - Spravljanje v suženjsko razmerje); in 113. člen, ki je naveden zgoraj.– Zakon o zaščiti prič z določbami, ki se nanašajo na zaščito prič pri trgovini z ljudmi.– Zakon o kazenskem postopku, v skladu s katerim je mladoletni oškodovanec kaznivega dejanja trgovine z ljudmi upravičen do prisotnosti pooblaščene osebe, ki mu pomaga zastopati njegove/njene pravice (65. člen).– Zakon o državnem tožilstvu, ki določa, da je za kazniva dejanja trgovanja z ljudmi pristojna specializirana Skupina državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala, ki deluje pri Vrhovnem državnem tožilstvu Republike Slovenije (10. člen).– Zakon o odškodnini žrtvam kaznivih dejanj, ki določa predhodno plačilo odškodnine žrtvam kaznivih dejanj iz Proračuna Republike Slovenije, če so žrtve državljani Republike Slovenije ali katere od drugih držav članic EU. Ta pravica se prav tako nanaša na žrtve trgovine z ljudmi (5. člen). – Zakon o tujcih, ki določa ukrepe in postopke glede ureditve statusa žrtev trgovine z ljudmi, vključno s trimesečnim obdobjem za premislek in z možnostjo pridobitve začasnega dovoljenja za prebivanje (30., 38.a člen).

Preprečevanje

Kampanje preprečevanja in osveščanja ciljajo na širšo javnost ter strokovne kroge, posebne ciljne skupine, potencialne žrtve in raziskovalni sektor. Te dejavnosti se izvršujejo neprekinjeno ali v obliki enodnevnih kampanj. Lahko so v obliki objavljenih kampanj na internetu, razstav, okroglih miz, usposabljanj, programov in projektov. Vključujejo vladne organe, nevladne organizacije in humanitarne organizacije. S prizadevanji se osredotoča na identifikacijo problemov in podporo žrtvam. Dejavnosti preprečevanja vključujejo osveščanje splošne javnosti, izobraževanje in usposabljanje strokovnjakov, osveščanje ciljnih skupin – potencialne žrtve TzL, izvrševanje raziskovalnih dejavnosti, nadzorovanje pojava in okrepitve nadzornih mehanizmov z organi preiskovanja in pregona, kot tudi z drugimi institucijami, katerih dejavnosti zadevajo boj proti TzL.

– Dejavnosti preprečevanja se izvršujejo znotraj osveščanja širše javnosti preko spletne strani Vlade Republike Slovenije, z izdelavo preventivnih reklamnih spotov, objavo preprečevalnih dokumentov itd. V skladu z dostopnimi podatki je letno v slovenskih medijih objavljenih

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več kot 40 člankov, povezanih s TzL. Mnogi od teh so v povezavi s postopki odkrivanja in pregona kaznivih dejanj, povezanih s TzL. V zvezi z večino podrobnejših prispevkov ali na radiu ali TV programih - so se le-teh udeležili nacionalni koordinator in člani Medresorske delovne skupine (MDS).

– Na področju izobraževanja in usposabljanja potekajo splošna horizontalna usposabljanja glede problema TzL, ki so namenjena nevladnim organizacijam in strokovnjakom, ki prihajajo iz organov pregona. Organizirano je redno vertikalno usposabljanje znotraj okvira posameznih organizacij, katerih delo je povezano s TzL; predstavniki prej omenjenih organizacij pa sodelujejo pri usposabljanju na tečajih, organiziranih v tujini.

Treba je poudariti dejstvo, da potekajo redna usposabljanja policistov (letno približno 800 policistov) in državnih tožilcev. V letu 2009 je Ministrstvo za pravosodje preko Centra za izobraževanje v pravosodju začelo z usposabljanjem sodnikov in državnih tožilcev. – Za druge strokovne kroge in zaposlene, katerih delo je povezano s problemom TzL, so bile izdane posebne publikacije, ki vključujejo tako prevode najbolj pomembnih mednarodnih dokumentov kakor tudi zbirke strokovnih člankov. Organizirane so bila posamezna strokovna posevtovanja, ki so povzemala problem TzL, in sicer za slovenska konzularna predstavništva v tujini, za osebje upravnih enot, predstavnike verskih skupnosti, slovenske predstavnike v vojaških mirovnih misijah v tujini in za osnovnošolske in srednješolske učitelje. Predavanja o tovrstnih posvetovanjih opravljajo predstavniki Medresorske delovne skupine (MDS) za boj proti TzL.

– Nacionalni koordinator za boj proti TzL ima na Fakulteti za varnostne vede redna predavanja kot gostujoči predavatelj.

– Kampanje osveščanja ciljne populacije se opravljajo preko projektov, ki jih izvajajo nevladne organizacije, sofinancirane s strani posameznih ministrstev. Program o tem, kako se bojevati proti TzL, se opravlja s strani NVO Ključ v obliki delavnic za mladino. V letih 2009/2010 se je ta projekt izvajal v osnovnih in srednjih šolah za približno 775/1790 oseb med 14 in 18 letom starosti. Enak program se je izvajal za starše in je bil izveden za približno 100/300 staršev. Program je sofinancirala Vlada.

Zaščita in podpora žrtvam

Nevladne in humanitarne organizacije s sodelovanjem organov notranjih zadev izvajajo takšne programe preko različnih oblik vladnega sofinanciranja, in so odgovorne za to področje. V ta namen se uporablja Protokol o sodelovanju, bodisi na temelju medsebojnega sporazuma bodisi pogodbe o sodelovanju.

Z ratifikacijo Konvencije Sveta Evrope o ukrepanju proti trgovini z ljudmi je Slovenija prevzela obveznosti tega regionalnega dokumenta.

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Zakon o ratifikaciji Konvencije je bil sprejet avgusta 2009 in določa način sodelovanja med slovensko Vlado in nevladnimi ter humanitarnimi organizacijami, še posebej na področjih oskrbe žrtev TzL, odkrivanja žrtev TzL, nastanitev žrtev v varne prostore, kriznih nastanitev žrtev, nudenja pomoči in zaščite žrtvam med predkazenskimi, kazenskimi ter drugimi sodnimi postopki, nudenja podpore pri zaposlovanju, strokovnem usposabljanju in izobraževanju, nudenja pomoči pri urejanju njihovega statusa v Sloveniji, obveščanja in osveščanja ciljne populacije, vračanja žrtev v njihove matične države. Organizacija, ki bo sodelovala pri zgoraj navedenih dejavnostih nudenja pomoči, bo izbrana na podlagi dveh javnih natečajev, ki bosta izvedena ločeno s strani Ministrstva za notranje zadeve in Ministrstva za delo, družino in socialne zadeve, ki bosta odločili o izbiri organizacij in tudi o tem, ali bo obdobje za nudenje storitev trajalo dve leti ali tri leta. Program o oskrbi žrtev TzL je prav tako določen v Akcijskem načrtu MDS in se načeloma izvaja s strani NVO Ključa in Slovenske Karitas. Obe organizaciji sta bili izbrani za opravljanje dejavnosti oskrbe in pomoči žrtvam, na podlagi katerih so bili objavljeni javni razpisi s strani pristojnih ministrstev, ki so za to dobila sredstva iz proračuna za ta dogovorjen program. Program se je izvajal v okviru dveh projektov. Z izvajanjem projekta “Oskrba žrtev trgovine z ljudmi v Republiki Sloveniji – zasilno prebivališče” je bilo poskrbljeno za pomoč žrtvam TzL glede na njihovo fizično, psihološko in socialno okrevanje. To vključuje nujno odstranitev zaradi težkih okoliščin predvsem z zagotavljanjem primerne nastanitve, hrane in oskrbe, psihosocialne pomoči, pomoči pri zagotavljanju zdravstvene oskrbe, prevajanje in tolmačenje, svetovanje ter informiranje o pravicah, pomoč pri postopkih pred sodišči in organi pregona, zaščito, ko je potrebna, pomoč pri ureditvi statusa ter pridobitvi dokumentov za prebivanje v Republiki Sloveniji, vključitev v izobraževalne programe in druge potrebne ukrepe za socializacijo in revitalizacijo.

Žrtve, ki so se odločile sodelovati v kazenskem postopku glede TzL, so bile vključene v drugi projekt, imenovan "Oskrba žrtev trgovine z ljudmi v Republiki Sloveniji – nastanitev v varno hišo", ki poleg zgoraj omenjenih storitev vključuje še ureditev statusa prebivanja v Sloveniji v skladu z Zakonom o tujcih in predpisi, ki se nanašajo na nastanitev v varno hišo.Obdobje za premislek; 38.a člen Zakona o tujcih določa, da je identificiranim tujim žrtvam odobreno obdobje za premislek za dobo treh mesecev, ki se lahko podaljša še za nadaljnje tri mesece. Žrtve se vzpodbuja k sodelovanju pri preiskavah trgovine z ljudmi in k pomoči pri pregonu storilcev kaznivega dejanja trgovine z ljudmi. Začasno dovoljenje za prebivanje z najkrajšo in najdaljšo veljavnostjo za obdobje 6 in 12 mesecev se lahko izda, če je žrtev pripravljena pričati na sodišču kot priča v kazenskem postopku. Enaka načela se uporabljajo za žrtve trgovine z ljudmi, ki so bile nezakonito zaposlene (38.a člen Zakona o tujcih).Odškodnina; Možno je vložiti civilno tožbo za odškodnino v zvezi s premoženjsko in nepremoženjsko škodo proti storilcu trgovine z ljudmi v skladu z Obligacijskim zakonikom iz leta 2001. Podoben postopek je

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prav tako možen kot ''ancilarni postopek'' v okviru kazenskega postopka – žrtev lahko proti storilcu trgovine z ljudmi vloži (pridruži) med kazenskim postopkom premoženjskopravni zahtevek (zahtevek za odškodnino) – v skladu z Zakonom o kazenskem postopku iz leta 1994 in Kazenskim zakonikom iz leta 2008.

Prav tako obstajajo dodatni hitri upravni postopki za žrtve nasilnih kaznivih dejanj, namreč da lahko nekaj odškodnine prejmejo od države (storilec mora nato povrniti stroške v Proračun Republike Slovenije), vendar je zaradi direktive Evropske unije to omejeno le na žrtve, ki so državljani držav članic Evropske unije in niso državljani tretjih držav – v skladu z Zakonom o odškodnini žrtvam kaznivih dejanj iz leta 2005.

Pregon

Informacije o kazenskih postopkih, izrečenih kazni in pomoči žrtvam trgovine z ljudmi so izključno povezane z nezakonito dejavnostjo ''TzL'' v skladu s 113. členom Kazenskega zakonika, za leto 2010. Informacije so usklajene s podatki policije, državnega tožilstva in nevladnimi organizacijami, ki izvršujejo program pomoči žrtvam TzL v Republiki Sloveniji.

2010Tabela 1: Žrtve trgovine z ljudmi (TzL) ženske moški otroci Skupaj

Identifikacija žrtevŠtevilo žrtev, identificiranih čez leto. 31 1 1 33Vrsta izkoriščanja, ki so mu bile podvržene identificirane žrtve TzL:– spolno izkoriščanje, 31 1 32– prisilno delo ali storitve, 1 1– suženjstvo ali dejavnosti, podobne suženjstvu,– služabništvo,– odstranitev organov,– drugo.

Dovoljenje za bivanjeŠtevilo žrtev TzL, ki jim je bilo izdano dovoljenje za bivanje:– zaradi njihovih osebnih razmer,– za namen njihovega sodelovanja s pristojnimi organi.

1 1

Tabela 2: Kazenski postopki in sankcije 2010

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Inkriminacija trgovine z ljudmiŠtevilo kazenskih postopkov, začetih na podlagi TzL. 12Število obsodb za TzL. 8

Sankcije in ukrepi Število obsodb za TzL, katerih rezultat je kazen, ki vključuje odvzem prostosti.

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Trajanje kazni na podlagi TzL, ki vključuje odvzem prostosti:– najkrajše trajanje, 16 mesecev– najdaljše trajanje. 3 letaŠtevilo sodb, katerih posledica je bila odvzem premoženjske koristi.

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Tabela 3: Država izvora žrtev TzL 2010Število žrtev TzL, ki izvirajo iz naslednjih držav:Bosna in Hercegovina 1 ženskaBolgarija 2 ženskiČeška republika 3 ženskeMadžarska 9 ženskRomunija 1 ženskaSlovaška republika 3 ženskeSlovenija 2 ženskiUkrajina 4 ženskeGana 1 moškiDominikanska Republika 6 ženskKazahstan 1 ženska

3. člen

12. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o spremembi Zakona o tujcih (Uradni list RS, št. 79/2006), zlasti o na novo uvedenih omejitvah gibanja in strožjem policijskem nadzoru v Centru za tujce.20

Vstop, zapustitev in bivanje tujcev v Republiki Sloveniji ureja Zakon o tujcih (Ur. I. RS, št. 64/09, uradno prečiščeno besedilo). Z Zakonom o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o tujcih (Ur. I. RS, št. 79/06), ki je začel veljati dne 26.8.2006, se je Zakon o tujcih (Ur. I. RS, št. 112/05, uradno prečiščeno besedilo) uskladil z nekaterimi direktivami Evropske unije s področja migracij in sicer Direktivo Sveta 2004/81/ES z dne 29. aprila 2004 o dovoljenju za prebivanje za državljane tretjih držav, ki so žrtve trgovine z ljudmi, ali so jim pomagali pri nezakoniti preselitvi in ki sodelujejo s pristojnimi organi, Direktivo Sveta 2004/114/ES z dne 13. decembra 2004 o pogojih za sprejem državljanov tretjih držav za namene študija, izmenjav učencev, neplačanega usposabljanja in prostovoljnega dela in Direktivo Sveta 2005/71/ES z dne 12. oktobra

20 Glejte: CAT/C/SVN/3, 38. odstavek 18

2005 o posebnem postopku za dovolitev vstopa državljanom tretjih držav za namene znanstvenega raziskovanja. Z navedenim Zakonom o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o tujcih pa so bile uvedene tudi nekatere novosti v zvezi z odstranjevanjem nezakonito prebivajočih tujcev iz Republike Slovenije. Tako je bila na novo uvedena možnost prostovoljne odstranitve tujca iz države, to je odstranitve, pri kateri tujec sodeluje s policijo, policija pa lahko pri prostovoljni odstranitvi sodeluje tudi z drugimi državnimi organi ter mednarodnimi in nevladnimi organizacijami. Prav tako pa je bilo na novo določeno tudi, da mora Upravno sodišče Republike Slovenije v upravnem sporu v zadevi nastanitve tujca v Centru za tujce in bivanju pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom odločiti v osmih dneh, torej v krajšem roku, kot je za odločitev v upravnem sporu sicer določen z zakonom, ki ureja upravni spor in česar Zakon o tujcih v svojem prejšnjem besedilu (Ur. I. RS, št. 112/05, uradno prečiščeno besedilo) ni določal. Ta sprememba je zagotovo v prid varovanja pravic nezakonito prebivajočega tujca.

Veljavni Zakon o tujcih (Ur. I. RS, št. 64/09, uradno prečiščeno besedilo) ureja tudi odstranitev nezakonito prebivajočega tujca iz Republike Slovenije. V skladu z Zakonom o tujcih je odstranitev tujca iz države lahko prostovoljna ali prisilna. Navedeni zakon, za nezakonito prebivajočega tujca, ki ne zapusti države v določenem roku in ga iz kakršnih koli razlogov ni mogoče takoj odstraniti, ureja tudi omejitev gibanja, bivanje pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom in t.i. milejše ukrepe. V skladu z zakonom policija za tujca, ki ne zapusti države v določenem roku in ga iz kakršnihkoli razlogov ni mogoče takoj odstraniti iz države, do njegove odstranitve iz države odredi nastanitev v Centru za tujce ali izven centra, a ne dalj kot za šest mesecev. Če tujca iz posebnih razlogov ali potreb ni mogoče nastaniti v Centru za tujce, se ga v soglasju s socialnovarstvenim zavodom, na stroške Centra za tujce, nastani v socialno varstvenem zavodu ali se mu zagotovi drugo ustrezno socialno varstvo. Zoper tujca, ki ne zapusti države v določenem roku in ga iz kakršnihkoli razlogov ni mogoče takoj odstraniti iz države in za katerega je policija, do njegove odstranitve iz države, odredila nastanitev v Centru za tujce, pa lahko policija v Centru za tujce odredi tudi bivanje pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom. Bivanje pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom, ki pomeni omejitev svobode gibanja na prostore Centra za tujce, odredi policija s sklepom, če zato obstajajo z zakonom določeni razlogi. Razloge za odreditev bivanja pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom Zakon o tujcih določa taksativno. Bivanje pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom se odredi, če obstaja sum, da se bo tujec skušal izogniti prisilni odstranitvi, oziroma se je takemu ukrepu že izognil, ali če to terjajo razlogi javnega reda, varnosti države ali mednarodnih odnosov. Bivanje pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom se odredi za čas, ki je nujno potreben za tujčevo odstranitev iz države, vendar največ za šest mesecev. Zakon o tujcih ureja tudi postopek v zvezi z omejitvijo gibanja in sicer postopek za nastanitev tujca v Centru za tujce ali izven Centra za tujce, kakor tudi postopek za odreditev bivanja pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom. Tako nastanitev v Centru za tujce, kakor tudi nastanitev izven Centra za tujce in bivanje pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom policija odredi s sklepom, zoper katerega se tujec lahko pritoži ministru, pristojnemu za notranje zadeve in sicer v roku osmih dni po vročitvi sklepa o nastanitvi v ali izven Centra za tujce oziroma o bivanju pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom. Pritožba sicer ne zadrži izvršitve sklepa, mora pa minister o njej odločiti v roku osmih dni. Zoper odločitev ministra o pritožbi je dopusten upravni spor. Zakon o tujcih pa ureja tudi t.i. milejše ukrepe, v skladu z navedenim zakonom namreč lahko policija obvezno nastanitev v Centru za tujce kadar koli

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nadomesti z milejšimi ukrepi, če meni, da lahko tudi tako uresniči svoj namen, to je zagotovi uspešno odstranitev tujca iz države. Milejši ukrep pomeni, da policija nezakonito prebivajočemu tujcu, ki države ni zapustil v določenem roku in ga ni mogoče takoj odstraniti iz države, dovoli bivanje izven Centra za tujce, pri čemer mu lahko določi kraj bivanja. Policija lahko takemu tujcu, v skladu z Zakonom o tujcih, omeji gibanje samo na kraj prebivanja in mu določi obveznost rednega javljanja najbližji policijski postaji. Pogoje in postopek za uporabo milejših ukrepov je na podlagi Zakona o tujcih predpisal generalni direktor policije.

Vlada Republike Slovenije pripravlja nov Zakon o tujcih (EVA 2010-1711-0004), s katerim se bo v pravni red Republike Slovenije, med drugim, prenesla tudi Direktiva Sveta 2008/115/ES z dne 16. decembra 2008 o skupnih standardih in postopkih v državah članicah za vračanje nezakonito prebivajočih državljanov tretjih držav. Po predlogu novega Zakona o tujcih bo tako ureditev omejitve gibanja, bivanje pod strožjim policijskim nadzorom in uporabe t.i. milejših ukrepov skladna z navedeno direktivo.

13. Prosimo, zagotovite posodobljene podatke, ločene po spolu, starosti, etnični pripadnosti ali poreklu, o številu odrejenih izgonov ali prepovedi bivanja za tujce, vrnitvah in izročitvah ter namembnih državah.21

Uvodno navajamo, da Republika Slovenija ne obdeluje podatkov o etnični pripadnosti ali poreklu oseb v tovrstnih primerih (odgovor je obširneje podan pri vprašanju št. 5).

13.a Podatki o vračanju tujcev z vidika področja notranjih zadev

Podatki o vračanju tujcev glede na njihovo državljanstvo:

Državljanstvo ŠteviloBosna in Hercegovina 267Hrvaška 258Makedonija 172Srbija 249Kosovo 133Albanija 127Ukrajina 190Moldavija 107Afganistan 52Kitajska 66Turčija 39Brazilija 33Druge države 247Skupaj 1940

21 Glede na poročilo države pogodbenice upravne norme določajo, da policija ne hrani statističnih podatkov o izrečenih izgonih in prepovedih bivanja za tujce. Glej CAT/C/SVN/3, 39. odstavek.

20

Iz spodnje tabele so razvidni podatki o vračanju tujcev glede na državo vračanja.

Država vračanja ŠteviloHrvaška 863Italija 493Madžarska 269Avstrija 71Kosovo 86Bosna in Hercegovina 31Druge države 127Skupaj 1940

Negativne odločitve v postopkih izdaje dovoljenj za začasno prebivanje/potrdil o prijavi prebivanja (pregled po spolu)

 Leto/spol 2008 2009 2010Moški 2694 5204 3515Ženske 582 928 917SKUPAJ 3276 6132 4432

Negativne odločitve v postopkih izdaje dovoljenj za začasno prebivanje/potrdil o prijavi prebivanja (pregled po starostnih skupinah)

  2008 2009 2010pod 15 139 215 19215-24 388 1115 100825-34 1309 2476 160635-54 1256 2106 146555-64 144 171 12965 in več 40 49 32

Negativne odločitve v postopkih izdaje dovoljenj za začasno prebivanje/potrdil o prijavi prebivanja (pregled po državljanstvu - prvih deset držav) - leto 2008

Državljanstvo ŠteviloBosna in Hercegovina 911Srbija 733Makedonija 376Bolgarija 344Kosovo 180Hrvaška 132Slovaška 119Ukrajina 39Romunija 33

21

Nemčija 27Francija 27

Negativne odločitve v postopkih izdaje dovoljenj za začasno prebivanje/potrdil o prijavi prebivanja (pregled po državljanstvu - prvih deset držav) - leto 2009

Državljanstvo ŠteviloBosna in Hercegovina 1757Kosovo 1298Srbija 884Makedonija 788Bolgarija 292Hrvaška 250Kitajska 93Slovaška 93Romunija 52Ukrajina 51Francija 41

Negativne odločitve v postopkih izdaje dovoljenj za začasno prebivanje/potrdil o prijavi prebivanja (pregled po državljanstvu - prvih deset držav) - leto 2010

Državljanstvo ŠteviloKosovo 1352Bosna in Hercegovina 887Makedonija 537Srbija 401Hrvaška 235Bolgarija 204Slovaška 81Kitajska 59Ukrajina 52ZDA 46

13.b Podatki o izročitvah tujih državljanov in predajah tujih državljanov in državljanov Republike Slovenije kot osumljencev oziroma obtožencev za kazniva dejanja

Republika Slovenija ne izroča državljanov Republike Slovenije drugim državam, izjemoma pa izvaja predajo državljanov Republike Slovenije drugim državam članicam Evropske unije v okviru pravnega reda Evropske unije.

V nadaljevanju so podani pridobljeni podatki z vidikov izvajanja izročitev ter predaj.

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Statistični pregled zadev obravnavanih izročitev po državah (za nove zadeve v letu 2009)

država Iz druge države v Slovenijo Iz Slovenije v drugo državo Skupaj po državah

Albanija 1 1Avstralija 1 1Bosna in Hercegovina

2 6 8

Črna Gora 1 1Dominikanska republika

1 1

Hrvaška 9 2 11Italija 1 1Kolumbija 1 1Kosovo 1 1Makedonija 1 1 2Nova Zelandija 1 1Nemčija 1 1Rusija 1 1Srbija 2 6 8Švica 7 7Ukrajina 1 1 2Urugvaj 2 2Združene države Amerike

3 1 4

25 29 54

Število zadev izročitev, ki so se zaključile s predajo osebe v letu 2009

Iz Slovenije je bila v letu 2009 odobrena izročitev 4 oseb v Švico, 4 oseb v Srbijo, 4 oseb v Bosno in Hercegovino, 1 osebe v Črno Goro, 1 osebe v Združene države Amerike in 1 osebe v Nemčijo.

V Slovenijo je bilo v letu 2009 izročenih 9 oseb iz Hrvaške, 2 osebi iz Bosna in Hercegovina, 2 osebi iz Srbije in 1 oseba iz Makedonije.

Statistični pregled zadev obravnavanih izročitev po državah (za nove zadeve v letu 2010)

država Iz tuje države v Slovenijo Iz Slovenije v tujo državo Skupaj po državah

Albanija 2 2Avstralija 1 1Bosna in Hercegovina

3 3

Črna Gora 2 3 5Francija 1 1

23

Hrvaška 5 2 7Makedonija 1 2 3Peru 1 1Srbija 2 3 5Švica 2 2 4Skupaj 16 16 32

Vse zadeve v reševanju v letu 2010

V Slovenijo so bile v letu 2010 izročene 2 osebi iz Albanije, 2 osebi iz Hrvaške, 2 osebi iz Črne Gore, 1 oseba iz Makedonije, 2 osebi iz Srbije, 3 osebe iz Švice, 1 oseba iz ZDA.

Iz Slovenije je bila v letu 2010 izvedena izročitev 5 oseb v Bosno in Hercegovino, 4 oseb v Hrvaško, 3 oseb v Srbijo, 1 osebe v Švico, 1 osebe v Ukrajino, 2 osebe v Črno Goro, 1 osebe v Makedonijo in 1 osebe v Švico.

V letu 2009 so slovenska okrožna sodišča prejela skupaj 56 evropskih nalogov za prijetje in predajo, na njihovi podlagi je bilo prijetih 47 oseb, dejansko predanih pa 39 oseb. 22 oseb se je strinjalo s predajo, 17 pa ne. Sodišča so v 5 primerih zavrnila izvršitev evropskega naloga za prijetje in predajo.

Sodišča so v 9 primerih izvršila evropski nalog za prijetje in predajo, ki se je nanašal na državljana Republike Slovenije ali na osebo s stalnim prebivališčem v Republiki Sloveniji.

V postopkih izročitve ali predaje se običajno obravnava le moške osebe in zato se podatka o spolu oseb ne obdeluje, ker gre za neobstoječo oziroma zanemarljivo količino (npr. leta 2010 je bila izročena le ena ženska oseba).

14. CPT je v poročilu o svojem obisku v Sloveniji leta 2006 navedel, da je kljub splošnemu izboljšanju bivanjskih razmer za tuje državljane v centrih za tujce nekatere centre treba obnoviti in spremeniti njihovo sedanjo prakso glede oblačil22

. Prosimo, zagotovite podatke o konkretnih ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti v zvezi s temi vprašanji.

Tujci v Centru za tujce ob nastanitvi dobijo čista oblačila, in sicer spodnje perilo, majice, nogavice in trenirke ter obutev, ki pa navzven ne dajejo vtisa uniformiranosti. Gre za ukrep, ki je namenjen le zagotavljanju ustreznih higienskih razmer. Center poskrbi, da so umazana oblačila tujcev po sprejemu oprana in pripravljena za uporabo, ko je tujec odstranjen iz države oz. ko zapusti Center za tujce. Hišni red Centra za tujce določa, da lahko tujci, ki so nastanjeni na oddelku za ranljive kategorije in na oddelku za mladoletnike, nosijo lastna oblačila. Ostali tujci lahko nosijo lastna oblačila v času nastanitve zaradi posebnih potreb (npr. bolezen, verski ali kulturni razlogi, itd.) in z dovoljenjem vodje centra.

22 CPT/Inf (2008) 8, 32. in 35. odstavek.24

15. Vlada Republike Slovenije je glede na podatke, ki jih ima odbor, predlagala novelo Zakona o mednarodni zaščiti, ki ni popolnoma v skladu z mednarodnimi standardi, predvsem pa ne vsebuje klavzule o nevračanju. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da bi zakon uskladili z mednarodnimi standardi, vključno glede obveznosti države pogodbenice po Konvenciji, zlasti da bi vzpostavili načelo nevračanja, kadar obstajajo resni razlogi za sum, da bi bila lahko oseba mučena. Prosimo, zagotovite tudi podatke o vseh drugih ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da bi zagotovili, da država pogodbenica izpolnjuje svoje obveznosti v skladu s 3. členom Konvencije, zlasti da pri posameznem primeru upošteva vse elemente in izgnani, vrnjeni ali izročeni osebi v praksi zagotovi vsa postopkovna jamstva.

Zakon o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o mednarodni zaščiti (Ur. l. RS, št. 99/10) je z 19. členom črtal 20. člen Zakona o mednarodni zaščiti (Ur. l. RS, št. 111/07, 111/08 - odločba US in 58/09), ki je vključeval načelo nevračanja. Glede na to, da Zakon o mednarodni zaščiti (Ur. l. RS, št. 111/07, 111/08 - odločba US, 58/09 in 99/10 – v nadaljevanju ZMZ) ureja zgolj področje prosilcev za mednarodno zaščito in oseb s priznano mednarodno zaščito, ki imajo v skladu z 78. in 89. členom ZMZ pravico do prebivanja v Republiki Sloveniji in jih torej pod nobenim pogojem ni mogoče odstraniti iz Republike Slovenije, vključitev načela nevračanja v ZMZ ni potrebno.

V primeru, da se prošnja prosilcu za mednarodno zaščito pravnomočno zavrne oziroma če osebi s priznano mednarodno zaščito preneha status begunca ali subsidiarna zaščita ali če se ji le-ta odvzame, potem te osebe postanejo tujci, ki se obravnavajo po zakonu, ki ureja vstop, zapustitev in bivanje tujcev v Republiki Sloveniji, to je po Zakonu o tujcih (Ur. l. RS, 64/09 – uradno prečiščeno besedilo), ki v 51. členu vsebuje načelo nevračanja. S tem, ko je načelo nevračanja vključeno v Zakon o tujcih, po katerem se to načelo dejansko izvaja, je Republika Slovenija izpolnila svojo obveznost iz mednarodnih pogodb in zakonodaje Evropske unije.

Veljavni Zakon o tujcih načelo nevračanja določa v 51. členu (prepoved prisilne odstranitve), ki določa, da prisilna odstranitev ali vrnitev tujca v državo, kjer bi bilo njegovo življenje ali svoboda ogrožena zaradi njegove rase, vere, narodnosti, pripadnosti posebni družbeni skupini ali političnega prepričanja, ali v državo, v kateri bi bil lahko izpostavljen mučenju ali nečloveškemu in poniževalnemu ravnanju ali kazni, ni dovoljena. Tujcu, katerega odstranitev iz Republike Slovenije bi bila v nasprotju z načelom nevračanja, Zakon o tujcih omogoča dovolitev zadrževanja v Republiki Sloveniji. Zadrževanje po Zakonu o tujcih pomeni dovoljenje tujcu, ki mu je bil sicer določen rok za zapustitev države, oziroma tujcu, ki se ga mora prisilno odstraniti, da začasno ostane v Republiki Sloveniji. Dovoljenje se podaljšuje, dokler obstajajo razlogi, zaradi katerih vrnitev ni dopustna. Tujcu, kateremu je v Republiki Sloveniji dovoljeno zadrževanje, Zakon o tujcih zagotavlja pravico do nujnega zdravstvenega varstva v skladu z zakonom, ki ureja zdravstveno varstvo in zdravstveno zavarovanje, osnovne oskrbe, šoloobveznim mladoletnim tujcem pa tudi pravico do osnovnega šolstva.

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Tudi predlog novega Zakona o tujcih (EVA 2010-1711-0004), ki ga je sprejela Vlada Republike Slovenije dne 24.2.2011 in ga posredovala v zakonodajni postopek Državnemu zboru Republike Slovenije (Parlament) vsebuje načelo nevračanja. Nov Zakon o tujcih bo torej, enako kot Direktiva Sveta 2008/115/ES z dne 16. decembra 2008 o skupnih standardih in postopkih v državah članicah za vračanje nezakonito prebivajočih državljanov tretjih držav, določal prepoved odstranitve tujca v državo, kjer bi bila njegovo življenje ali njegova svoboda ogrožena zaradi rase, vere, narodnosti, pripadnosti posebni družbeni skupini ali političnega prepričanja ali v državo, v kateri bi bil lahko izpostavljen mučenju ali nečloveškemu in poniževalnemu ravnanju ali kazni. Zakon bo tako uveljavil oziroma na sistemskem mestu okrepil načelo nevračanja (non refoulement) tujcev v države, kjer sta ogrožena njihovo življenje ali svoboda ali kjer jim preti nevarnost mučenja, nečloveškega in poniževalnega ravnanja zaradi razlogov in okoliščin, ki jih bo zakon izrecno določal. Ker načelo nevračanja postane pomembno šele, ko je tujec na ozemlju države nezakonito, kar je tudi v primeru, ko je prosilcu za mednarodno zaščito njegova prošnja za priznanje mednarodne zaščite pravnomočno zavrnjena in ker se tak tujec, po pravnomočno končanem postopku za priznanje mednarodne zaščite, obravnava po zakonu, ki ureja vstop, zapustitev in bivanje tujcev v Republiki Sloveniji, načelo nevračanja v Zakonu o mednarodni zaščiti ni potrebno in je bilo iz navedenega zakona tudi črtano, potrebno pa je in bo zato tudi ohranjeno v novem Zakonu o tujcih, ki, med drugim, ureja tudi področje vračanja in odstranjevanja nezakonito prebivajočih tujcev iz Republike Slovenije.

V predlogu novega Zakona o tujcih se predlagani 74. člen, ki je tudi vsebinsko razširjen glede na nekdanjo določbo 20. člena Zakona o mednarodni zaščiti iz leta 2007, glasi takole:

"74. člen(prepoved odstranitve tujca)

Načelo nevračanja po tem zakonu in v skladu z načeli mednarodnega običajnega prava pomeni obveznost Republike Slovenije, da ne sme odstraniti tujca v državo, v kateri bi bilo njegovo življenje ali njegova svoboda ogrožena zaradi rase, vere, narodnosti, pripadnosti posebni družbeni skupini ali političnega prepričanja, ali v državo, v kateri bi lahko bil izpostavljen mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju."

16. Prosimo, navedite, ali se država pogodbenica pri vrnitvi osebe tretji državi zanaša na »diplomatska zagotovila«. Če se, prosimo, zagotovite podatke o takih primerih in o tem, kateri mehanizmi spremljanja po vrnitvi se v takih primerih vzpostavijo.

Republika Slovenija ne uporablja diplomatskih zagotovil ("diplomatic assurances"), saj ta pravni institut ni urejen z zakonom in je vprašljivo, ali bi bila z vidikov pravnega reda Republike Slovenije uporaba tega instituta dopustna, pa četudi bi morda imela diplomatska zagotovila podlago v mednarodnem običajnem pravu. Z vidika pomislekov s

26

področij varstva oziroma dejanskega uresničevanja človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin Republika Slovenija torej ni razvila prakse teh zagotovil.

Z vidika izročitev Republika Slovenija občasno, pri pomembnejših primerih, katere so podrobno presojala sodišča Republike Slovenije oziroma Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije, preverja pri državah, katerim so bili tuji državljani izročeni, kakšen je bil izid kazenskega postopka. Gre za naknadno in posredno preverjanje ustreznega nivoja varstva človekovih pravic v navedenih državah, ki nima posebnega pravnega značaja, ima pretežno informativno vrednost. Preverjanje se opravlja na podlagi bilateralnih mednarodnih pogodb s področja pravne pomoči v kazenskih zadevah.

17. Glede na podatke, katere ima odbor, Vlada Republike Slovenije kljub dejstvu, da se je zavezala k sodelovanju pri projektu Mehanizem za zagotavljanje in ocenjevanje kakovosti azilnih sistemov (ASQAEM), ki spodbuja zavezanost vzpostavljenim skupnim mednarodnim standardom v Evropski uniji in podpira celovito uporabo konvencije iz leta 1951 v okviru zakonodaje EU o azilu, ne sodeluje pri drugi fazi projekta nadaljnjega razvijanja kakovosti azilnih sistemov (projekt FDQ). Prosimo, zagotovite podatke, zakaj država pogodbenica več aktivno ne sodeluje pri projektu FDQ.

Republika Slovenija je sodelovala v prvi fazi projekta zagotavljanja kvalitete azilnih postopkov in mehanizmov evalvacije (ASQAEM), ki se je zaključil v marcu 2010, ko je bilo izvedeno zadnje usposabljanje za uradne osebe in tolmače.

Še pred podpisom sporazuma med Republiko Slovenijo in Regionalnim predstavništvom Visokega komisariata Združenih narodov za begunce v Budimpešti (v nadaljevanju UNHCR), o sodelovanju v prvi fazi projekta, je bilo Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve, zaprošeno za pismo o podpori drugi fazi projekta. Pismo o podpori je bilo tudi posredovano UNHCR. V zvezi s tem je treba poudariti, da se s pismom o podpori Republika Slovenija na noben način ni zavezala k sodelovanju v projektu, niti k temu ni bila nikoli uradno povabljena. Zaradi tega trditev, da se je Republika Slovenija zavezala k sodelovanju v drugi fazi projekta, ni ustrezna.

Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve je odločitev, da Republika Slovenija v drugi fazi ne bo sodelovala, sprejelo na podlagi dejstva, da ob začetku druge faze projekta zaključki prve faze projekta še niso bili znani in ker je ocenilo, da je za evalvacijo in implementacijo priporočil iz prve faze projekta potreben določen čas. Poleg tega v okviru druge faze projekta po mnenju Ministrstva za notranje zadeve ni bila jasno opredeljena metodologija izbora sodelujočih držav ter njihova vloga v projektu, kar je v nasprotju s stališčem Republike Slovenije do projektov evalvacije, monitoringa, ipd., predvsem v smislu dejanske dodane vrednosti takih projektov.

18. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o zakonodajnih in drugih ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da bi uredili status skupine oseb, izbrisanih

27

iz registra stalnega prebivalstva Republike Slovenije, znanih kot »izbrisani«.

V zvezi z aktivnostmi Republike Slovenije glede urejanja statusa državljanov drugih republik nekdanje SFRJ, ki so bili izbrisani iz registra stalnega prebivalstva, pojasnjujemo, da je Državni zbor Republike Slovenije, na predlog Vlade Republike Slovenije, 8.3.2010 po skrajšanem zakonodajnem postopku sprejel Zakon o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o urejanju statusa državljanov drugih držav naslednic nekdanje SFRJ v Republiki Sloveniji. Ker pa je 31 poslank in poslancev Državnega zbora Republike Slovenije zahtevalo razpis zakonodajnega referenduma o navedenem zakonu, je Državni zbor Republike Slovenije na seji 18.3.2010 sprejel sklep, da bi po mnenju Državnega zbora z odložitvijo uveljavitve ali zaradi morebitne zavrnitve Zakona o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o urejanju statusa državljanov drugih držav naslednic nekdanje SFRJ v Republiki Sloveniji zaradi zahtevanega zakonodajnega referenduma lahko nastale protiustavne posledice in da naj o tem odloči Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije. Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije je z odločbo št. U-II-1/10 z dne 10.6.2010 (objava: Uradni list RS, št. 50/10) odločilo, da bi zaradi zahtevanega zakonodajnega referenduma nastale protiustavne posledice.

Po odločitvi Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije je bil v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije št. 50 z dne 24.6.2010 objavljen Zakon o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o urejanju statusa državljanov drugih držav naslednic nekdanje SFRJ v Republiki Sloveniji (v nadaljnjem besedilu: ZUSDDD-B), ki je začel veljati 24.7.2010.

Z ZUSDDD-B se odpravljajo v odločbi Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije št. U-I-246/02 z dne 3.4.2003 ugotovljena neskladja Zakona o urejanju statusa državljanov drugih držav naslednic nekdanje SFRJ v Republiki Sloveniji z Ustavo Republike Slovenije. Odpravljajo pa se tudi določene pomanjkljivosti, ki so se pokazale v praksi ob izvajanju zakona in ki so prav tako povezane s prenehanjem prijave stalnega prebivališča državljanom drugih republik nekdanje SFRJ v registru stalnega prebivalstva.

ZUSDDD-B določa pogoje, pod katerimi lahko tujec, ki je bil na dan 25.6.1991 državljan druge republike nekdanje SFRJ in ki dovoljenja za stalno prebivanje v Republiki Sloveniji še nima, ne glede na določbe Zakona o tujcih, pridobi dovoljenje za stalno prebivanje. Določa tudi, v katerih primerih se šteje, da so imeli državljani drugih republik nekdanje SFRJ, ki so bili izbrisani iz registra stalnega prebivalstva, dovoljenje za stalno prebivanje in prijavljeno stalno prebivališče tudi za nazaj, to je od prenehanja prijave stalnega prebivališča dalje (o čemer se jim izda posebna odločba).

Ker je Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije v odločbi št. U-I-246/02 z dne 3.4.2003 odločilo, da je Zakon o urejanju statusa državljanov drugih držav naslednic nekdanje SFRJ v Republiki Sloveniji v neskladju z Ustavo Republike Slovenije tudi zaradi tega, ker ne določa

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meril za ugotavljanje nedoločenega pravnega pojma dejanskega življenja, ZUSDDD-B v 1.č členu določa merila za ugotavljanje izpolnjevanja pogoja dejanskega življenja v Republiki Sloveniji in katere odsotnosti iz države pogoja dejanskega življenja ne prekinejo.

Odsotnost iz Republike Slovenije, ki ni trajala dlje kot eno leto, ne prekine dejanskega življenja, in sicer ne glede na razlog odsotnosti. Če je odsotnost iz Republike Slovenije trajala več kot eno leto, je pogoj dejanskega življenja izpolnjen, če gre za upravičeno odsotnost zaradi enega od razlogov, opredeljenih v 3. odstavku 1.č člena (upravičen razlog je med drugim tudi, če je oseba zapustila Republiko Slovenijo zaradi posledic izbrisa iz registra stalnega prebivalstva; ali če je oseba zapustila Republiko Slovenijo, ker ni mogla pridobiti dovoljenja za prebivanje zaradi neizpolnjevanja pogojev in ji je bila prošnja za izdajo dovoljenja zavrnjena, zavržena ali je bil postopek ustavljen – glede ugotavljanja navedenega razloga pojasnjujemo, da so navedeni podatki razvidni že iz uradnih evidenc, ki se v Republiki Sloveniji vodijo o vseh postopkih izdaje dovoljenja za prebivanje in iz vpogleda v upravne spise zadeve; upravičen razlog odsotnosti je tudi, če se oseba ni mogla vrniti v Republiko Slovenijo zaradi vojnih razmer v drugih državah, naslednicah nekdanje SFRJ ali iz zdravstvenih razlogov, kakor tudi, če je bila oseba prisilno odstranjena iz Republike Slovenije ali če ji je bil zavrnjen vstop). Dopustna odsotnost iz Republike Slovenije zaradi enega od upravičenih razlogov odsotnosti, opredeljenih v navedeni določbi, lahko traja pet let (razen v primeru razlogov iz druge alineje 3. odstavka 1.č člena, kot so napotitev na delo, študij ali zdravljenje oziroma zaposlitev na ladji z matično luko v Republiki Sloveniji, pri katerih je odsotnost dopustna za čas napotitve na delo, študij ali zdravljenje oziroma za čas zaposlitve na ladji).

Če je odsotnost, zaradi v zakonu opredeljenih upravičenih razlogov, trajala več kot pet let, se šteje, da je pogoj dejanskega življenja izpolnjen za obdobje petih let. Za vse nadaljnje obdobje odsotnosti (tudi daljše od desetih let) pa v primeru, če se je oseba po preteku petletne dopustne odsotnosti v obdobju nadaljnjih petih let poskušala vrniti v Republiko Slovenijo in nadaljevati z dejanskim življenjem v Republiki Sloveniji, na kar kažejo njena ravnanja v tem naslednjem, petletnem obdobju, je tudi izpolnjen pogoj dejanskega življenja.

Glede na navedeno, lahko po ZUSDDD-B dovoljenje za stalno prebivanje pridobijo tudi tisti izbrisani iz registra stalnega prebivalstva, ki zaradi upravičene odsotnosti ne prebivajo v Republiki Sloveniji (npr. če so zapustili Republiko Slovenijo zaradi posledic izbrisa). Ob izpolnjevanju pogoja dejanskega življenja, lahko po ZUSDDD-B dovoljenje za stalno prebivanje pridobijo npr. tudi tisti izbrisani iz registra stalnega prebivalstva, ki so zaradi upravičenega razloga Republiko Slovenijo zapustili že leta 1992 in od tedaj dalje ne prebivajo v Republiki Sloveniji.

Izpolnjevanje pogoja dejanskega življenja se v postopku po ZUSDDD-B dokazuje v skladu z Zakonom o splošnem upravnem postopku. Izpolnjevanje pogoja dejanskega življenja se lahko dokazuje z

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različnimi listinskimi dokazi, s pričami, ki jih predlaga stranka ali z izjavo stranke. Ugotavlja pa se tudi na podlagi podatkov v uradnih evidencah (kot so evidence o dovoljenjih za prebivanje, vizumih).

ZUSDDD-B določa tudi nov, triletni rok za vložitev prošnje za izdajo dovoljenja za stalno prebivanje.

Na novo je urejena izdaja dovoljenja za stalno prebivanje tudi za otroke izbrisanih, ki so se rodili v Republiki Sloveniji po 25.6.1991 in ki v Republiki Sloveniji dejansko živijo od rojstva dalje. Na novo je urejena izdaja posebne, dopolnilne odločbe za nazaj tudi za državljane Republike Slovenije, ki so bili ob osamosvojitvi Slovenije državljani drugih republik nekdanje SFRJ in so bili izbrisani iz registra stalnega prebivalstva. Za tem pa so bili sprejeti v slovensko državljanstvo, ne da bi jim bilo pred tem izdano dovoljenje za stalno prebivanje.

Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije je v odločbi št. U-II-1/10 z dne 10.6.2010 (Ur. l. RS, št. 50/10), s katero je odločilo o nedopustnosti zahtevanega referenduma, tudi presodilo, da ZUSDDD-B na ustavnoskladen način odpravlja v odločbi Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije št. U-I-246/02-28 z dne 3.4.2003 ugotovljene protiustavnosti in da tudi ostala vprašanja (ureditev statusa otrok izbrisanih in ureditev statusa za nazaj za državljane Republike Slovenije) upravičeno ureja, saj so z odpravo protiustavnosti neločljivo povezana. Ocenilo je tudi, da bo na podlagi ZUSDDD-B mogoče dokončno urediti pravni položaj tistih državljanov drugih republik nekdanje SFRJ, ki so bili izbrisani iz registra stalnega prebivalstva, če statusa do sedaj še nimajo urejenega (40. točka odločbe).

Tistim državljanom drugih republik nekdanje SFRJ, ki so bili izbrisani iz registra stalnega prebivalstva in ki so do uveljavitve ZUSDDD-B že pridobili dovoljenje za stalno prebivanje pa so bile po uradni dolžnosti izdane dopolnilne odločbe o ugotovitvi njihovega stalnega prebivanja v Republiki Sloveniji za čas od izbrisa do pridobitve dovoljenja za stalno prebivanje. Dopolnilne odločbe je Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije izdajalo na podlagi 8. točke izreka odločbe Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije št. U-I-246/02 z dne 3.4.2003 (objava: Uradni list RS, št. 36/03). Dopolnilne odločbe so se izdajale v letu 2004 in od februarja 2009 dalje.

Vlada Republike Slovenije se zaveda, da je obveščanje izbrisanih iz registra stalnega prebivalstva in javnosti o novem ZUSDDD-B izredno pomembno. Vlada Republike Slovenije je s številnimi aktivnostmi zakon predstavila vsem zainteresiranim že pred začetkom njegove veljavnosti. Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije je izdalo tudi posebno brošuro, ki je vsem zainteresiranim na voljo na vseh upravnih enotah v Republiki Sloveniji, na diplomatsko konzularnih predstavništvih Republike Slovenije v državah naslednicah nekdanje SFRJ, prejele pa so jo tudi nevladne organizacije. V brošuri je pojasnjen tudi postopek in pogoji za izdajo dovoljenja za stalno prebivanje in za izdajo posebne odločbe za nazaj. Vse pomembne informacije pa so v šestih jezikih dostopne tudi na spletnih straneh Ministrstva za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije (www.infotujci.si) in Ministrstva za zunanje zadeve Republike Slovenije (www.mnz.si). Za

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vse uradne osebe, ki na upravnih enotah vodijo postopke in odločajo v postopkih po ZUSDDD-B je Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije pripravilo usmeritev za delo, v mesecu juliju 2010, pred uveljavitvijo zakona, pa je organiziralo tudi strokovno izobraževanje. Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve je ZUSDDD-B predstavilo uradnim osebam iz upravnih enot tudi na Dnevih upravnih enot v mesecu novembru 2010.

5. in 7. člen

19. Prosimo, zagotovite odboru posodobljene podatke o tem, ali je država pogodbenica iz katerega koli razloga zavrnila katero koli prošnjo druge države za izročitev posameznika, osumljenega storitve kaznivega dejanja mučenja, in je sprožila postopek pregona. Če je to storila, prosimo, zagotovite podatke o statusu in izidu takega postopka.

Noben organ Republike Slovenije ni odločal ali presojal o takšnem primeru.

10. člen

20. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o dokumentih, ki urejajo delo policije in so pomembni pri boju proti krutemu, nečloveškemu in ponižujočemu ravnanju, ki so omenjeni v poročilu države pogodbenice, vendar zaradi interne narave niso bili predloženi.23

Republika Slovenija uvodno pojasnjuje, da policisti pri svojem delu, pri preiskovanju kaznivih dejanj oziroma izvajanju drugih policijskih nalog, večkrat pridobijo tudi podatke o možni vpletenosti policistov v različna kazniva ravnanja. Zaradi tega je v Policiji vzpostavljen sistem evidentiranja informacij o kaznivih ravnanjih oziroma nedovoljeni dejavnosti policistov, kamor nedvomno sodijo tudi informacije o morebitnem krutem, nečloveškem in ponižujočem ravnanju policistov v postopkih z ljudmi, ki jih lahko vsi policisti na predpisan način evidentirajo. Na ta način se s takšnimi informacijami seznani pristojna služba v Policiji, ki vsebino posredovane informacije preveri in po potrebi izvede ustrezne ukrepe.

"Usmeritve za izvajanje ukrepa prepovedi približevanja določenemu kraju oz.osebi" se uporabljajo od 26. 9. 2004, ko je začel veljati Pravilnik o prepovedi približevanja določenemu kraju oz. osebi. Usmeritvam je priloženo "tehnično navodilo oz. priročnik o evidentiranju izrečenih ukrepov". Z usmeritvami za delo policistov so urejene posebnosti glede izvajanja pooblastila (nadzor nad spoštovanjem ukrepa, obveščanje pristojnih služb in druge posebnosti).

23 Glejte: CAT/C/SVN/3, 55. odstavek31

Z usmeritvami za delo policistov smo tudi določili primere, v katerih mora policija zaradi zaščite otrok in mladoletnikov obveščati pristojne centre za socialno delo.

Pogoji za uporabo prisilnih sredstev so določeni v Zakonu o policiji, Pravilnik o policijskih pooblastilih pa ureja način uporabe prisilnih sredstev, poročanje o uporabe ter ocenjevanje uporabe prisilnih sredstev. V priročnikih za uporabo posameznih prisilnih sredstev pa so zbrana pravna in strokovna pravila, napotki in pojasnila za uporabo prisilnih sredstev.

Podlaga za pripravo usmeritev za delo policistov so tudi ugotovljene nepravilnosti oziroma ugotovljeni nestrokovni postopki policistov pri čemer take primere izpostavimo, na ugotovljene nepravilnosti pa policiste še posebej opozorimo.

Usmeritev za obravnavo oškodovancev kaznivih dejanj se nanašajo na naslednje vsebinske sklope: - seznanitev s pravico do odškodnine po Zakonu o odškodnini žrtvam kaznivih dejanj; - izjeme obveščanja oškodovancev določenih premoženjskih kaznivih dejanj; - vsebino obvestila o začetku policijske preiskave - posredovanje informacij o možnostih psihosocialne pomoči in podpore oškodovancem določenih kaznivih dejanj.

Zaključno še navajamo določeno specifično situacijo, ki ima lahko tudi določen pomen glede proaktivnega delovanja Policije v smislu varstva človekovih pravic in svoboščin, kadar namreč dejanja mučenja in drugih krutih ravnanj izvajajo t.i. "zasebni dejavniki". "Navodilo o ukrepih policije ob ugrabitvah, zajetju talcev, zasedbi objektov in podobnih varnostnih situacijah", ki ureja ukrepe policije ob ugrabitvah, zajetju talcev, zasedbi objektov in podobnih varnostnih situacijah, ko so negotove varnostne razmere, v katerih storilec oziroma storilci s svojimi dejanji ogrožajo osebno varnost, varnost drugih oseb in premoženje, izvršitev groženj pa je odvisna od njihovih ciljev (krizna situacija). Cilji delovanja policije v kriznih situacijah so varovanje ogroženih oseb, osvoboditev talcev, prijetje storilcev in zaščita premoženja.

21. Varuh človekovih pravic RS v letnem poročilu za leto 2008 obvešča, da je bil slovenski Kodeks policijske etike v letu 2008 posodobljen in usklajen z Evropskim kodeksom policijske etike in da so določila kodeksa zajeta v programih izobraževanja, usposabljanja in izpopolnjevanja v policiji24. Prosimo zagotovite podrobne podatke o novi zakonodaji in ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti za razvoj usposabljanja in izobraževanja policistov in drugega osebja, zlasti osebja, ki je v neposrednem stiku s tujimi državljani.25

24 Glejte: Letno poročilo varuha človekovih pravic za leto 2008, str. 60.25 CPT je nadaljnji razvoj usposabljanja osebja, ki je v neposrednem stiku s tujimi državljani, posebej poudaril v svojem poročilu za leto 2008. Glej CPT/Inf(2008)8, 39. odstavek.

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Uvodno navajamo, da ni bila sprejeta nobena nova zakonodaja za usposabljanje ali izobraževanje policistov. Kolikor se vprašanja nanašajo na zakonodajo na splošno pa pojasnjujemo, da je vsa nova zakonodaja, ki spreminja policijske ali njim podobne postopke, vedno zelo hitro vključena v obstoječe programe izobraževanj in usposabljanj, kot so navedeni spodaj.

Glede novejšega razvoja oziroma predstavitve izobraževanj in usposabljanj za policiste ter druge zaposlene Policije, Republika Slovenija posreduje ustrezne informacije.

Institucija "ŠOLA ZA POLICISTE"

Vsebine Kodeksa obnašanja slovenske Policije so vključene v izobraževalni program policist. V predmetniku pri Socialnih veščinah je vključeno tematsko področje poklicna etika v trajanju 24 ur. Predavatelji pri POKLICNI ETIKI obravnavajo naslednje vsebinske sklope:

- etika kot praktična filozofija- uporabna etika- policijska etika- policija v demokratični družbi- etično in pravno ravnanje policije- profesionalna podoba in vedenje policista

Institucija "VIŠJA POLICIJSKA ŠOLA"

Človekove pravice, poklicna etika in integriteta so "rdeča nit" predvsem dveh strokovnih predmetov, in sicer «Policijskih pooblastil in Poklicne etike«.

Predmet: POLICIJSKA POOBLASTILA S PRAKTIČNIM POSTOPKOM

Ta strokovni predmet ima na razpolago 60 ur. Od tega je 15 ur namenjenih vsebinam o »človekovih pravicah«. V okviru širše teme »Policija v demokratični družbi« se študenti seznanijo, kako pomembno je, da se vsak policist zaveda, da človekove pravice niso nekaj, kar je ovira njegovemu delu, ampak da človekove pravice sprejme kot integralni, oziroma celo najpomembnejši del policijskih nalog in odgovornosti in da je pravna varnost policistov, kulturna raven dialoga in etična drža v medsebojnih odnosih prav tako zelo pomemben dejavnik varstva človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin.

Študenti se seznanijo z razvojem ustavnega in mednarodnega varstva človekovih pravic, z varstvom človekovih pravic v Sloveniji, z vlogo Varuha človekovih pravic in policije in prav tako z vsebino Kodeksa policijske etike in Evropskega kodeksa policijske etike.

V okviru teme Človekove pravice in policija:

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- kako so človekove pravice vpete v policijsko delo;- v kolikšnem obsegu se policisti zavedajo temeljnih človekovih pravic;- katera varovala ima policija pred zlorabo pooblastil;- v kolikšni meri policisti spoštujejo, upoštevajo in varujejo človekove pravice - (seznanjeni so z raziskavo-Varovanje človekovih pravic in policija);- Evropski odbor za preprečevanje mučenja (seznanijo se z načeli Odbora, osnovnimi kriteriji, po katerih Odbor ocenjuje policijsko pridržanje, kaj Odbor med obiskom policijske postaje počne)- Vsako leto obišče Višjo policijsko šolo Varuh človekovih pravic, predstavniki Amnesty International.

Predmet: POKLICNA ETIKA

Ta strokovni predmet ima na razpolago 48 ur od tega je 12 ur namenjenih človekovim pravicam, 12 ur pa socialnim veščinam, ostale ure pa ostalim vsebinam.

Človekove pravice (12 ur)

- uvod; - razvoj ustavnega in mednarodnega varstva človekovih pravic;- varstvo človekovih pravic v Republiki Sloveniji;- varuh človekovih pravic (Zakon o varuhu človekovih pravic, Poslovnik Varuha človekovih pravic, pobuda za začetek postopka in način dela Varuha človekovih pravic, varuh človekovih pravic in policija, obiska Varuha človekovih pravic na policijski postaji);- mednarodni mehanizmi varstva človekovih pravic;- vloga civilne družbe (civilna neposlušnost);- človekove pravice in slovenska policija;- Kodeks policijske etike;- Evropski kodeks policijske etike;- ali ima slovenska policija razvite mehanizme za ustrezno varstvo človekovih pravic.

V nadaljevanju na kratko podajamo podatke o Kodeksu policijske etike (zakaj spremembe) in o Evropskem kodeksu policijske etike.

Kodeks policijske etike

Kodeks je napisan v 1. osebi množine, s čimer je poudarjena pripadnost organizaciji in etičnim vrednotam. Zaradi navedenega se lahko posameznik lažje poistoveti z etičnimi določili, pri čemer pa ni vse odvisno le od njega (kot npr. če bi bil napisan v 1. osebi ednine) temveč ga zavezuje skupinska pripadnost oz. naravnanost (zdrava, pozitivna solidarnost);

Kodeks je naravnan inspirativno, medtem ko so ostali akti, ki določajo delo policista, regulativne narave (Zpol, Pravila policije, ZJU, ZKP, itd.);

Kodeks določa le moralno odgovornost policistov in ne določa drugačnih sankcij. Možnost slednjih je opredeljena v Kodeksu ravnanja javnih uslužbencev, katerega Kodeks policijske etike

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nadgrajuje. Poleg tega so sankcije za kršitev dolžnostnega ravnanja policistov določene v različnih drugih aktih (ZJU, Zpol, ZKP…);

Kodeks ukinja častno razsodišče, saj je bilo doslej (15 let) popolnoma neučinkovito. Zaradi tega menimo, da je bolje, da ga ni, kot da obstaja in zaradi formalnih in neformalnih zadržkov ne deluje. Pri tem smo upoštevali tudi dejavnik, da je častno razsodišče smotrno v primeru, če ima moč oziroma vpliv (npr. podeljevanje ter odvzemanje licenc);

Dodan je člen, ki določa sprejemanje in spreminjanje določil kodeksa, kar doslej ni bilo opredeljeno. Nova določba je z vidika vloge reprezentativnega sindikata in generalnega direktorja policije skladna s Kodeksom ravnanja javnih uslužbencev;

Kodeksu je priložen seznam vrednot in vrlin, ki izražajo poslanstvo policije. Seznam je namenjen tudi temu, da bi ga lahko javno razobesili v vseh organizacijskih enotah policije in s tem še bolj približali policistom.

Evropski kodeks policijske etike

Na začetku kodeksa so definirani cilji policije, pravne podlage policije, odnos med policijo in kazensko pravnim sistemom, organizacijska struktura policije, usposabljanja in izobraževanja policije, sistem kadrovanja policistov in pravice uslužbencev policije. Največji del zavzemajo smernice za policijsko delo, ki definirajo policijska pooblastila, odgovornost in nadzor nad policijo ter mednarodno policijsko sodelovanje.

Nova zakonodaja s področja dela s tujimi državljani se permanentno spremlja in po potrebi vključuje v izobraževalni proces. V 1. letniku za vse študente pri predmetu Mejna problematika in tujci - 48 ur, še bolj podrobno pa pri izbirnem predmetu v 2. letniku (Mejna problemetika in tujci I - 156 ur).

Institucija "CENTER ZA IZPOPOLNJEVANJE IN USPOSABLJANJE"

V Centru izvajamo dva programa, katera vključujeta vsebine Kodeksa obnašanja slovenske Policije:

Program priprav na izpit za izvajanje policijskih pooblastil

Namen programa je usposobiti udeležence za zakonito, strokovno in samostojno izvajanje policijskih pooblastil.

Program priprav omogoča osebam, ki so sklenile delovno razmerje za opravljanje nalog policista, da:

· spoznajo področje policijskega dela, naloge policije, organizacijo in razmerja med enotami;

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· znajo uporabiti zakone in predpise pri opravljanju nalog in izvajanju policijskih pooblastil;· obvladajo temeljna strokovno-teoretična in praktična znanja za opravljanje nalog in izvajanje policijskih pooblastil;· razvijajo sposobnost za strokovno oceno situacij in dogodkov, prepoznavanje protipravnih dejanj ter zakonito uporabo policijskih pooblastil;· so sposobne prepoznati nevarnost, sprejeti odločitev in strokovno ukrepati;· se zavedajo pomena upoštevanja načela zakonitosti ter spoštovanja in varovanja človekovih pravic in svoboščin;· spoznajo in upoštevajo etična načela policijskega kodeksa pri svojem delu;· spoznajo sredstva in opremo, jih znajo ustrezno izbrati in varno uporabljati pri svojem delu in izvajanju policijskih pooblastil;· krepijo in vzdržujejo psihofizično pripravljenost.

Predmet: POLICIJSKA POOBLASTILA S PRAKTIČNIM POSTOPKOM

Ta strokovni predmet ima na razpolago 44 ur od tega je 5 ur namenjenih človekovim pravicam, ostale ure pa ostalim vsebinam.

Predmet: SAMOOBRAMBA

Ta strokovni predmet ima na razpolaga 20 ur od tega sta 2 uri namenjeni človekovim pravicam, ostale ure pa ostalim vsebinam.

Program: Osnovno usposabljanje s področja kriminalističnega preiskovanja – Kriminalistični tečaj

Namen programa je usposobiti udeležence za samostojno, strokovno in zakonito opravljanje nalog na področju preprečevanja, odkrivanja in preiskovanja kaznivih dejanj.

Program omogoča osebam, ki so sklenile delovno razmerje za opravljanje nalog kriminalista, da so:

· Udeleženci so seznanjeni s pomenom varstva človekovih pravic v policijskih postopkih in etičnih načel v kriminalistični stroki.· Poznajo pravno podlago in znajo uporabiti policijska pooblastila in prisilna sredstva. · Poznajo pristojnosti in naloge kriminalistične policije pri preprečevanju, odkrivanju in preiskovanju kaznivih dejanj, odkrivanju in prijemanju storilcev kaznivih dejanj ter pri njihovem izročanju pristojnim organom.· Pridobijo potrebna znanja kriminalistične taktike, metodike in tehnike preiskovanja kaznivih dejanj. · Znajo pravilno uporabljati zakonske določbe o kaznivih dejanjih, kakor jih opredeljuje kazensko materialno in procesno pravo, jih ustrezno razvrščati ter v praksi pravilno pristopati k njihovem odkrivanju in preiskovanju.

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· Teoretično in praktično obvladajo uporabo pooblastil na podlagi Zakona o kazenskem postopku in uporabo preiskovalnih dejanj v predkazenskem postopku. · Poznajo forenziko in kriminalistično tehniko (vrste sledi, kriminalistično-tehnična opravila pri ogledu, iskanje, izzivanje, zavarovanje in dokumentiranje sledi).· Usposobljeni so za zbiranje obvestil in pridobivanje drugih operativnih informacij z opravljanjem informativnih razgovorov.· Poznajo strategijo, tehniko in taktiko opravljanja razgovora in policijskega zaslišanja.· Poznajo kriminalistično obveščevalno dejavnost. · Seznanjeni so z oblikami sodelovanja in pristojnostmi državnega tožilca, preiskovalnega sodnika, in drugih državnih organov in institucij, ki sodelujejo pri preprečevanju, odkrivanju in preiskovanju kaznivih dejanj.· Razumejo pomen in vlogo preiskovalne podpore (kriminalistična psihologija, poligraf, fotorobot).· Znajo uporabiti kriminalistično informatiko in analitiko pri kriminalističnem delu.· Znajo pravilno komunicirati, varovati osebne in zaupne podatke, podatke iz postopkov in operativnih evidenc policije.· Seznanjeni so z nevarnostmi kriminalističnega dela in usposobljeni za varno ter strokovno izvajanje policijskih pooblastil in kriminalističnih nalog.

Predmet: ČLOVEKOVE PRAVICE IN POLICIJSKA POOBLASTILA:

Ta strokovni predmet ima na razpolago 25 ur od tega je 6 ur namenjenih človekovim pravicam, ostale ure pa ostalim vsebinam.

· Udeleženci se zavedajo zakonitega namena policijskih pooblastil in dolžnosti spoštovati človekove pravice pri njihovi uporabi.· Znajo pravilno presojati sorazmernost in druga načela ustavnega varstva človekovih pravic.· Poznajo postopek evidentiranja uporabljenih prisilnih sredstev in pritožbeni postopek, v katerem posameznik lahko uveljavlja varstvo pravic zaradi kršitev z nezakonito uporabo policijskih pooblastil.· So seznanjeni so z oblikami odgovornosti posameznika in odškodninske odgovornosti države za nezakonito uporabo policijskih pooblastil.· Vedo, da so zaradi nezakonite uporabe pooblastil lahko disciplinsko, odškodninsko in kazensko odgovorni.· Poznajo učinke izločitve dokazov v kazenskem postopku ob kršitvi človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin z nezakonito uporabo policijskih pooblastil.

V Centru za izpopolnjevanje in usposabljanje v sodelovanju z drugimi NOE GPU ugotavljamo aktualne potrebe usposabljanj, oblikujemo strategijo in cilje usposabljanj, oblikujemo in načrtujemo programe usposabljanja, izvajamo programe usposabljanj ter nenazadnje skrbimo za evalvacijo na vseh nivojih usposabljanj in izpopolnjevanj, s ciljem zagotoviti uspešno in kakovostno izvedbo usposabljanj. Na ta

37

način prispevamo k boljšemu in učinkovitejšemu delu policije, veča pa se tudi zadovoljstvo in motiviranost zaposlenih. Usposabljanja skušamo uskladiti s filozofijo vseživljenjskega učenja z upoštevanjem sodobnih andragoških principov.

Poleg tega se policisti mesečno usposabljajo po posebnem programu izpopolnjevanja in usposabljanja za izvajanje pooblastil s praktičnim postopkom in samoobrambo katerega namen je omogočiti utrjevanje teoretičnih in praktičnih znanj ter veščin za zakonito, strokovno, učinkovito, varno in usklajeno izvajanje pooblastil s praktičnim postopkom in samoobrambo, zagotoviti enoten način izvajanja policijskih pooblastil pri opravljanju nalog policije in omogočiti pridobivanje in vzdrževanje ustreznih psihofizičnih zmožnosti. Pri usposabljanju je poudarek tudi na vsebinah s področja varstva in zagotavljanja človekovih pravic v policijskih postopkih.

11. člen

22. CPT je bil med svojim obiskom v Sloveniji leta 2006 obveščen, da je bil pripravljen Priročnik o policijskih zaslišanjih in je na voljo policistom na intranetni strani Ministrstva za notranje zadeve. Toda komaj kateri policist, s katerim se je pogovarjala delegacija, je vedel za te nove smernice26. Prosimo, zagotovite podatke o tem, ali je bil Priročnik o policijskih zaslišanjih vključen v obstoječe programe usposabljanja, kakor je priporočil CPT. Prosimo, zagotovite podatke o sprejetih ukrepih, ki zagotavljajo, da se elektronska oprema za beleženje policijskih razgovorov redno uporablja, kakor je priporočil CPT27.

Leta 2003 je bil izdan Priročnik "Zbiranje obvestil od osumljenca", zaradi sprememb Zakona o kazenskem postopku. Spremembe Zakona o kazenskem postopku je tudi narekovala odločba Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije, št. U-I-92/96 z dne 21.3.2002. Priročnik ima več sklopov in sicer:

1. Procesna vrednost policijskega zbiranja obvestil od osumljenca v luči varstva človekovih pravic2. Pomen policijskega zbiranja obvestil od osumljenca z zaslišanjem3. Obveščanje, prisotnost in vloga državnega tožilca4. Posebnosti in izkušnje na zaslišanju pri preiskovalnem sodniku

Omenjeni priročnik je izdalo Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve v sodelovanju z drugimi institucijami (Ministrstvo za pravosodje). Zaradi sprememb Zakona o kazenskem postopku, kot tudi prej navedene odločbe Ustavnega sodišča je morala Policija usposobiti policiste in kriminaliste glede omenjenih sprememb. V omenjenem priročniku so tudi upoštevane vse človekove pravice, spoštovanje temeljnih človekovih pravic po vseh konvencijah kot so Mednarodni pakt o državljanskih in političnih pravicah, Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah, kot tudi z vseh mednarodnih dokumentov, ki opredeljujejo človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine, kot tudi človekovo

26 CPT/Inf (2008) 8, 12. odstavek.27 CPT/Inf (2008) 8, 24. odstavek.

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dostojanstvo. V priročniku so bila upoštevana vsa priporočila Sveta Evrope za področje človekovih pravic. Dosledno so bila upoštevani vsi standardi, ki jih je postavil Evropski odbor za preprečevanje mučenja (CPT) kot so vse pravice pridržane osebe, kot tudi kako naj poteka zaslišanje, kot tudi glede elektronskega snemanja zaslišanja kot garancija proti nečloveškemu ravnanju. Zaradi vseh omenjenih priporočil in mnenj CPT kot tudi ostalih mednarodnih institucij je nastal priročnik, ki ni zajemal samo omenjene tematike, ampak tudi etične norme kot tudi kodeks Policijske etike. Zaradi nemotenega policijskega dela je Policija izvedla več usposabljanj na tem področju, tako, da je zajela vse pooblaščene uradne osebe, ki so morale usposabljanje uspešno opraviti. Omenjeni priročnik so dobili vsi udeleženci v elektronski ali fizični obliki. V nadaljevanju je Policija na področju izobraževanja usposobila več multiplikatorjev, ki so usposabljali policiste kot tudi kriminaliste na vseh nivojih Policije, kar pomeni od generalne do regionalne sfere. Zaradi pomembnosti CPT-jevih priporočil je Priročnik o policijskem zaslišanju vključen v vse tekoče programe izobraževanja oziroma usposabljanja, ki zajema omenjeno tematiko in sicer iz vseh zgoraj omenjenih zornih kotov.

Priročnik o policijskem zaslišanju smo vključili v tekoče programe izobraževanja in usposabljanja in sicer:

ŠOLA ZA POLICISTE

Tematika policijskega zaslišanja, je vsebovana in se obravnava pri predmetu Kriminalistika s kazenskim pravom. Prav tako je vključena v tekoči program usposabljanja in sicer pri naslednjih informativnih ciljih:

- naloge policije v predkazenskem postopku: zbiranje obvestil- preiskovalna dejanja: hišna preiskava, osebna preiskava, zaseg predmetov- ogled - izvedeništvo- priprava glavne obravnave in glavna obravnava

Tem vsebinam je namenjenih 12 ur.

VIŠJA POLICIJSKA ŠOLA

Priročnik o policijskem zaslišanju se kot priporočena literatura uporablja v 1. letniku študija pri predmetu Kazensko procesno pravo - 36 ur.

CENTER ZA IZPOPOLNJEVANJE IN USPOSABLJANJE

Program: Osnovno usposabljanje s področja kriminalističnega preiskovanja – Kriminalistični tečaj

Predmet: KAZENSKO PROCESNO PRAVO

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Ta strokovni predmet ima na razpolago 30 ur od tega je 4 ure namenjenih policijskemu zaslišanju, ostale ure pa ostalim vsebinam.

Vsebine v predkazenskem postopku:

· Vloga Policije pri odkrivanju kaznivih dejanj. · Vloga državnega tožilca v predkazenskem postopku – usmerjanje

Policije.· Naznanitev kaznivih dejanj.· Pojem in vsebina kazenske ovadbe.· Dokazi in dokazovanje.· Dokazni standardi (razlogi za sum, utemeljeni razlogi za sum,

utemeljen sum).· Indici in njihov procesno pravni pomen. · Ukrepi in pooblastila Policije na podlagi 148. in 149. člena Zakona o

kazenskem postopku.· »Policijsko zaslišanje«.· Prikriti preiskovalni ukrepi.· Odvzem prostosti, pridržanje, pridržali in priporni razlogi.· Odločanje državnega tožilca v zvezi s kazensko ovadbo.· Delo in pooblastila policistov v specializiranem oddelku Skupine

državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala. · Obdukcija in izkop trupla.· Nujna preiskovalna dejanja.· Imuniteta – diplomatska, konzularna, poslanska.· Postopek v primeru sklicevanja osumljenca na imuniteto

Glede priporočila Odbora za preprečevanje mučenja, da je potrebno sprejeti ukrepe, s katerimi bo slovenska policija zagotovila, da se bo elektronska oprema za beleženje policijskih razgovorov redno uporabljala, bi želeli najprej ponovno poudariti, da se na podlagi določila 148.a člena Zakona o kazenskem postopku (ZKP) zaslišanje osumljenca po predhodnem obvestilu lahko posname z napravo za zvočno in zvočno-slikovno snemanje. Zaradi navedenega določila so bili prostori namenjeni za zaslišanje oseb tudi opremljeni z ustrezno materialno-tehnično opremo (ustanovljena je bila tudi delovna skupina, ki je bila zadolžena za namestitev elektronske opreme za snemanje policijskih zaslišanj). Zakon o kazenskem postopku tako ne določa obligatornega snemanja zaslišanja osumljenca, temveč daje policiji možnost snemanja po predhodnem obvestilu. Kdaj se bodo policisti odločili, da bodo postopke razgovora z osumljencem snemali s tehničnimi sredstvi za zvočno in zvočno-slikovno opremo, je po našem mnenju stvar kriminalistične metodike in taktike. Na tem mestu bi želeli poudariti, da pozdravljamo navedeni predlog Odbora za preprečevanje mučenja in da bi na ta način preprečili vsako zlorabo policijskih pooblastil, vendar pa se je potrebno zavedati, da razgovori v kolikor ne gre za zaslišanje v smislu 148.a člena ZKP, nimajo nikakršne dokazne vrednosti, zato ni verjetno, da bi prihajalo do pogostih policijskih zlorab pri pridobivanju izjav od osumljenca, hkrati pa se je potrebno vedeti, da je za uporabo tehničnih sredstev potrebno osumljenca predhodno seznaniti z njihovo uporabo, njegov pristanek pa ni potreben. Pri tem je potrebno upoštevati možnost, da osumljenec, katerega razgovor oziroma zaslišanje bi se snemalo proti njegovi volji, ne bo dal podatkov in informacij, ki bi jih sicer hotel dati. Kljub navedenim pomislekom k predlogu Odbora za preprečevanje mučenja smo v preteklosti na podlagi strokovnih kriterijev podali usmeritve, v katerih

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primerih je takšno zvočno in zvočno-slikovno snemanje priporočljivo. Zaradi jamstva korektnosti in zakonitosti postopka zaslišanja pa smo pripravili tudi dopolnjen Priročnik o zaslišanju v katerem smo kataloško navedli posamezne primere, v katerih primerih je priporočljivo zvočno in zvočno-slikovno snemanje.

23. Prosimo, zagotovite podatke o dejanski uporabi določb slovenskega Zakona o kazenskem postopku, ki je bil leta 2003 spremenjen in ki policiji daje možnost, da osumljenca zasliši in o tem pripravi zapisnik, ki se lahko uporabi kot dokaz na glavni obravnavi.28

V praksi se izvaja le manjše število tovrstnih zaslišanj po določbi 148.a člena Zakona o kazenskem postopku, zaradi česar se zaslišanja po tej določbi v praksi ne uporabljajo pogosto kot formalni dokaz na glavnih obravnavah. Kot dokaz na glavni obravnavi se uporabi zapisnik iz sodne preiskave oziroma se na glavni obravnavi neposredno zasliši obdolženca. Iz tega razloga se tovrstnih postopkov tudi statistično ne spremlja, niti ni prepoznavnejše količine ustrezne sodne prakse na to temo po letu 2003. Kolikor obstaja sodna praksa na to temo, je strogo garantistično usmerjena v korist osumljencev oziroma obtožencev, zlasti se s strani sodne veje oblasti vztrajno ponavljajo stroge zahteve t.i. "Miranda pravila" ter presojajo vprašanja izločitve nezakonito pridobljenih dokazov.29

Zaslišanje osumljenca s strani policije po 148. a členu Zakona o kazenskem postopku je po svoji naravi formalno preiskovalno dejanje, ki ga policija lahko izvede le če so izpolnjeni strogi zakonski pogoji. Po tretjem odstavku 148.a člena ZKP sodišče ne sme opreti sodne odločbe na izpovedbo osumljenca, če ta ni bil poučen o svojih pravicah iz četrtega odstavka 148. člena (t.i. »Miranda pravila«), če dani pouk in izjava osumljenca glede pravice do zagovornika nista zapisana v zapisnik, če je bil zaslišan brez navzočnosti zagovornika (formalna obvezna obramba), ali če je bilo ravnano v nasprotju z določbami osmega odstavka 227. člena tega zakona (proti obdolžencu se ne sme uporabiti sila, grožnja ali druga podobna sredstva, da bi se dosegla kakšna njegova izjava ali priznanje - tretji odstavek 266. člena).

Prav tako, ker gre v primeru zaslišanja po 148. a členu za formalno preiskovalno dejanje, ki ga je mogoče uporabiti kot dokaz na sodišču, se po ustaljeni sodni praksi določba 73. člena Zakona o kazenskem postopku, ki določa pravico do pregledovanja in prepisovanja sodnih spisov ter do ogleda dokaznih predmetov, uporablja tudi za zaslišanja po 148. a členu, pa čeprav se z zaslišanjem osumljenca kazenski postopek formalno še ni začel. Gre za izraz obdolženčeve pravice do

28 Glejte: CAT/C/SVN/3, 64. odstavek29 Kot primer stališča najvišjega sodišča v Republiki Sloveniji glede pomena tovrstnega gradiva navajamo judikat Vrhovnega sodišča I Ips 417/2006: »S policistovim vprašanjem osumljencu, ki je na vprašanje odgovoril, uradni zaznamek o razgovoru policistov z osumljencem ni postal zapisnik o zaslišanju, saj je zaslišanje osumljenca pred policisti mogoče opraviti le v navzočnosti zagovornika po določbah zakona, ki veljajo za zaslišanje obdolženca v postopku (od 227. do 233. člena ZKP). Na tak neformalni razgovor z osumljencem, ki ga je policija opravila v konkretnem primeru, v skladu z določbami ZKP pa se sodna odločba tudi ne opira (kot to sicer povsem pavšalno zatrjuje zagovornik v zahtevi)«. [opomba Republike Slovenije].

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primernega časa in možnosti za pripravo obrambe po prvi alineji 29. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije.

24. Prosimo, zagotovite posodobljene podrobne podatke o gradnji, adaptaciji in opremi prostorov za pridržanje in psihiatrične bolnišnice za obdobje 2006–2010.

Na področju adaptacij prostorov pshiatričnih bolnišnic v obdobju 2006-2010 so bile izvršene obnove oziroma dograditve prostorov in tako znatno ali ustrezno povečane kapacitete ter storitve za uporabnike v naslednjih psihiatričnih bolnišnicah:

1. Psihiatrična bolnišnica Idrija (prenova obeh stavb, zagotovljen visok nivo prebivanja za uporabnike, vključno z dodatnimi aktivnostmi);

2. Psihiatrična bolnišnica Ormož (izgranja prizidka, prenova stare zgradbe bolnišnice, dograditev večnamenskih prostorov);

3. Psihiatrična bolnišnica Begunje (prenova prostorov - oddelki, dežurne ambulante, lekarna, prenova upravnih prostorov v dnevno bolnišnico).

Odgovor glede posebne forenzične pshiatrične bolnišnice je podan pri odgovoru na vprašanje št. 9.

25. Prosimo, zagotovite posodobljene podatke, vključno s statističnimi podatki, ločenimi glede na spol, starost in etnično pripadnost, o številu pripornikov, ki čakajo na sojenje, in obsojencev, zasedenosti vseh prostorov za pridržanje ter prijavah kaznivih dejanj zoper policiste za obdobje 2006–2010. Prosimo, da zagotovite tudi podatke o številu oseb, ki jim je bila odvzeta prostost in so v psihiatričnih bolnišnicah.

Prikaz statističnih podatkov, razčlenjenih po spolu, starosti in številu pripornikov in obsojencev ter stopnja zasedenosti za obdobje 2006-2010:

1. Število pripornikov in obsojencev v obdobju 2006-2010

URSIKS (Uprava Republike Slovenije za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij)

PRIPORNIKI OBSOJENCI

povprečno 2006 341 890povprečno 2007 342 939povprečno 2008 309 1.002povprečno 2009 355 1.011povprečno 2010 352 975

V tabelo niso vključene ostale kategorije zaprtih oseb in sicer: osebe v uklonilnem zaporu, pridržane osebe, mladoletni obsojenci in mladoletniki, katerim je bil izrečen vzgojni ukrep oddaje v prevzgojni dom.

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2. Struktura obsojencev po starosti in spolu v letu 2006

starostna dan 1.1.2006 na novo sprejeti

skupaj delež v %moški ženske skupaj moški ženske Skupaj

več kot 18 do 23 let 37 1 38 96 2 98 136 7,4več kot 23 do 27 let 138 4 142 196 6 202 344 18,6več kot 27 do 39 let 328 8 336 417 25 442 778 42,2več kot 39 do 49 let 157 6 163 193 11 204 367 20več kot 49 do 59 let 76 8 84 70 11 81 165 8,9več kot 59 do 69 let 25 2 27 17 6 23 50 2,7več kot 69 let 2 0 2 1 1 2 4 0,2SKUPAJ 763 29 792 990 62 1.052 1.844 100

3. Struktura obsojencev po starosti in spolu v letu 2007

starostna dan 1.1.2007 na novo sprejeti

skupaj delež v %moški ženske skupaj moški ženske Skupaj

več kot 18 do 23 let 43 0 43 93 3 96 139 7,4več kot 23 do 27 let 150 2 152 182 9 191 343 18,3več kot 27 do 39 let 371 15 386 410 18 428 814 43,5več kot 39 do 49 let 167 6 173 164 11 175 348 18,6več kot 49 do 59 let 70 6 76 77 9 86 162 8,7več kot 59 do 69 let 24 4 28 21 4 25 53 2,8več kot 69 let 6 1 7 5 0 5 12 0,6SKUPAJ 831 34 865 952 54 1.006 1.871 100

4. Struktura obsojencev po starosti in spolu v letu 2008

starostna dan 1.1.2008 na novo sprejeti

skupaj delež v %moški ženske skupaj moški ženske Skupaj

več kot 18 do 23 let 55 3 58 95 6 101 159 7,9več kot 23 do 27 let 131 8 139 220 10 230 369 18,4več kot 27 do 39 let 417 17 434 409 21 430 864 43,1več kot 39 do 49 let 182 5 187 171 9 180 367 18,3več kot 49 do 59 let 90 7 97 83 8 91 188 9,4več kot 59 do 69 let 34 1 35 16 2 18 53 2,6več kot 69 let 3 1 4 1 0 1 5 0,2SKUPAJ 912 42 954 995 56 1051 2005 100

5. Struktura obsojencev po starosti in spolu v letu 2009

starostna dan 1.1.2009 na novo sprejeti

skupaj delež v %moški ženske skupaj moški ženske skupaj

več kot 18 do 23 let 47 1 48 85 9 94 142 7,2več kot 23 do 27 let 155 8 163 151 7 158 321 16,3

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več kot 27 do 39 let 413 20 433 437 13 450 883 44,9več kot 39 do 49 let 217 6 223 146 10 156 379 19,3več kot 49 do 59 let 99 9 108 70 4 74 182 9,3več kot 59 do 69 let 27 3 30 20 3 23 53 2,7več kot 69 let 3 0 3 1 1 2 5 0,3SKUPAJ 961 47 1008 910 47 957 1965 100

6. Struktura obsojencev po starosti in spolu v letu 2010

starostna dan 1.1.2010 na novo sprejeti

skupaj delež v %moški ženske skupaj moški ženske skupaj

več kot 18 do 23 let 37 2 39 78 6 84 123 6,3več kot 23 do 27 let 120 8 128 160 3 163 291 14,8več kot 27 do 39 let 404 9 413 463 13 476 889 45,2več kot 39 do 49 let 201 1 202 168 14 182 384 19,5več kot 49 do 59 let 107 10 117 83 14 97 214 10,9več kot 59 do 69 let 28 3 31 22 3 25 56 2,8več kot 69 let 5 1 6 4 0 4 10 0,5SKUPAJ 902 34 936 978 53 1031 1967 100

7. Struktura pripornikov po spolu v obdobju 2006-2010

na dan 1.1. na novo sprejetiskupaj

moški ženske skupaj moški ženske skupajLeto 2006 304 22 326 888 67 955 1281Leto 2007 317 20 337 881 42 923 1260Leto 2008 300 14 314 856 58 914 1228Leto 2009 304 26 330 969 46 1015 1345Leto 2010 353 16 369 869 54 923 1292

8. Zasedenost posameznih zavodov in oddelkov glede na povprečno število zaprtih oseb v letu 2006

Zavod zmogljivost povprečno število zaprtih delež zasedenosti (v %)Dob 233 344 147,8Slov. vas 63 44 69,9Ig 79 43 53,9Celje 96 98 101,8Koper 110 120 109,4N. Gorica 32 22 68,8Ljubljana 128 244 190,9N. mesto 35 37 105,6

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Radovljica 22 30 135,7OO Ig 27 16 58,2Maribor 146 174 119,2M. Sobota 41 34 82,5Rogoza 36 36 100,8Radeče 68 26 38,2SKUPAJ 1116 1268 113,6

9. Zasedenost posameznih zavodov in oddelkov glede na povprečno število zaprtih oseb v letu 2007

Zavod zmogljivost povprečno število zaprtih delež zasedenosti (v %)Dob 233 395,25 169,64Slov. vas 63 51,55 81,83Ig 79 49,1 62,15Celje 96 98,1 102,19Koper 110 118,09 107,35N. Gorica 32 28,71 89,72Ljubljana 128 256,68 200,53N. mesto 35 42 120OO Ig 27 16,37 60,63Maribor 146 188,74 129,27M. Sobota 41 36,07 87,98OO Rogoza 36 37,22 103,39Radeče 68 21,4 31,47SKUPAJ 1.094 1.339,28 122,42

10. Zasedenost posameznih zavodov in oddelkov glede na povprečno število zaprtih oseb v letu 2008

Zavod zmogljivost povprečno število zaprtih delež zasedenosti (v %)Dob 233 443,24 190,23Slov. vas 63 59,77 94,87Ig 83 56,73 68,35Celje 96 93,81 97,72Koper 110 121,24 110,22N. Gorica 32 28,17 88,03Ljubljana 128 251,98 196,86N. mesto 35 39,89 113,97OO Ig 27 17,13 63,44Maribor 146 154,09 105,54M. Sobota 41 36,42 88,83OO Rogoza 36 38,46 106,83Radeče 68 23,2 34,12SKUPAJ 1098 1364,13 124,24

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11. Zasedenost posameznih zavodov in oddelkov glede na povprečno število zaprtih oseb v letu 2009

Zavod zmogljivost povprečno število zaprtih delež zasedenosti (v %)Dob 233 435,9 187,08Slov. vas 63 62,3 98,89Ig 83 59,7 71,93Celje 96 91,1 94,90Koper 110 126,5 115,00N. Gorica 32 25,9 80,94Ljubljana 128 261,9 204,61N. mesto 35 46,6 133,14OO Ig 27 24,3 90,00Maribor 146 176,2 120,68M. Sobota 41 40,4 98,54OO Rogoza 36 40 111,11Radeče 68 25 36,76SKUPAJ 1098 1415,8 128,94

12. Zasedenost posameznih zavodov in oddelkov glede na povprečno število zaprtih oseb v letu 2010

Zavod zmogljivost povprečno število zaprtih delež zasedenosti (v %)Dob 233 412,4 177,00Slov. vas 63 51,3 81,43Puščava 17 16,2 95,29Ig 83 49,6 59,76Celje 96 90,9 94,69Koper 110 133,7 121,55N. Gorica 32 29,8 93,13Ljubljana 128 245 191,41N. mesto 35 45,3 129,43OO Ig 27 18,1 67,04Maribor 146 178,8 122,47M. Sobota 41 37,6 91,71OO Rogoza 36 38,9 108,06Radeče 68 26,1 38,38SKUPAJ 1115 1373,7 123,20

13. Postopki pridržanj oseb na področju prisilne psihiatrične hospitalizacije - preliminarna sodna statistika Republike Slovenije za leto 2010

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Republika Slovenija posreduje tudi preliminarno sodno statistiko za leto 2010 glede postopkov pridržanj oseb na področju prisilne psihiatrične hospitalizacije, s podatki, katere obdelujemo.

SODNA STATISTIKA 2010TABELA IOKRAJNA SODIŠČA - VRSTE ZADEV

Pr zadeve pridržanjaNerešene

Šifra Okrajno Nerešene Prejete Zadeve v Rešene Nerešene 1.1.2010sodišča sodišče zadeve zadeve delu zadeve zadeve 31.12.2010

1.1.2010 31.12.2010 razlika v % (v%)SKUPAJ 51 2030 2081 2024 57 11,8% 2,8%

500 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V AJDOVŠČINI 0 11 11 11 0 0,0% 0,0%501 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V BREŽICAH 0 1 1 1 0 0,0% 0,0%502 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V CELJU 1 82 83 83 0 -100,0% 0,0%503 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V CERKNICI 0 18 18 17 1 0,0% 5,6%504 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V ČRNOMLJU 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%505 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V DOMŽALAH 0 29 29 28 1 0,0% 3,4%506 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V GORNJI RADGONI 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%507 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V GROSUPLJEM 0 9 9 9 0 0,0% 0,0%509 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V IDRIJI 0 297 297 295 2 0,0% 0,7%508 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V ILIRSKI BISTRICI 3 16 19 16 3 0,0% 18,8%510 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE NA JESENICAH 0 1 1 1 0 0,0% 0,0%511 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V KAMNIKU 0 7 7 7 0 0,0% 0,0%512 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V KOČEVJU 1 19 20 20 0 -100,0% 0,0%513 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V KOPRU 1 19 20 20 0 -100,0% 0,0%514 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V KRANJU 22 38 60 56 4 -81,8% 10,5%515 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V KRŠKEM 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%516 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V LENARTU 0 17 17 15 2 0,0% 11,8%517 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V LENDAVI 0 9 9 9 0 0,0% 0,0%518 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V LITIJI 0 25 25 25 0 0,0% 0,0%519 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V LJUBLJANI 14 971 985 969 16 14,3% 1,6%520 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V LJUTOMERU 0 12 12 11 1 0,0% 8,3%521 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V MARIBORU 1 115 116 109 7 600,0% 6,1%522 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V MURSKI SOBOTI 1 2 3 3 0 -100,0% 0,0%554 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V NOVI GORICI 0 44 44 44 0 0,0% 0,0%523 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V NOVEM MESTU 0 1 1 1 0 0,0% 0,0%524 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V ORMOŽU 0 18 18 18 0 0,0% 0,0%525 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V PIRANU 1 0 1 1 0 -100,0% 0,0%526 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V POSTOJNI 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%527 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE NA PTUJU 0 4 4 4 0 0,0% 0,0%528 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V RADOVLJICI 0 163 163 163 0 0,0% 0,0%529 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V SEVNICI 0 1 1 1 0 0,0% 0,0%530 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V SEŽANI 1 15 16 16 0 -100,0% 0,0%532 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V SLOVENJ GRADCU 0 9 9 7 2 0,0% 22,2%531 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V SLOVENSKI BISTRICI 0 6 6 4 2 0,0% 33,3%533 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V SLOVENSKIH KONJICAH 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%534 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V ŠENTJURJU 0 2 2 1 1 0,0% 50,0%535 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V ŠKOFJI LOKI 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%536 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V ŠMARJU PRI JELŠAH 0 2 2 2 0 0,0% 0,0%537 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V TOLMINU 0 8 8 8 0 0,0% 0,0%538 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V TRBOVLJAH 0 18 18 17 1 0,0% 5,6%539 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V TREBNJEM 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%540 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V VELENJU 0 15 15 6 9 0,0% 60,0%541 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE NA VRHNIKI 1 5 6 4 2 100,0% 40,0%542 OKRAJNO SODIŠČE V ŽALCU 4 21 25 22 3 -25,0% 14,3%

100xprejete

nerešene

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26. Prosimo, zagotovite posodobljene ločene statistične podatke o prijavljenih smrtnih primerih v prostorih za pridržanje in psihiatričnih bolnišnicah glede na lokacijo pridržanja, spol, starost in etnično pripadnost pokojnega ter vzrok smrti za obdobje 2006–2010. Prosimo, priskrbite podrobne podatke o rezultatih preiskav v zvezi s temi smrtmi in ukrepih, ki so bili uvedeni za preprečevanje samomorov in drugih nenadnih smrti v prostorih za pridržanje.

A.) Razčlenjeni statistični podatki o smrtih v zavodih glede na lokacijo pripora, spol, starost in vzrokih smrti ter informacije o rezultatih preiskav teh smrti:

letoštevilo vseh smrti

število samomorov

delež samomorov

glede na vse smrti

povprečno število zaprtih

smrtnost na

10.000 zaprtih

samomorov na 10.000

zaprtih

2006 4 1 25,00% 1268 31,55 7,892007 8 3 37,50% 1339 59,75 22,402008 7 3 42,86% 1364 51,32 21,992009 4 2 50,00% 1416 28,25 14,122010 5 1 20,00% 1374 36,39 7,282006-2010 28 10 35,71% 5387 51,98 18,56

SMRTI v letu 2006

1. obsojenec, rojen 1981ZPKZ MariborZastrupitev z metadonom in midazolamom. Opravljen je bil ogled s strani PP Maribor, pri katerem sta sodelovala tudi preiskovalni sodnik Okrožnega sodišča v Mariboru in okrožni državni tožilec.

2. obsojenec, rojen 1948ZPKZ DobSamomor z obešanjem. Ogled kraja dogodka so opravili dežurna zdravnica iz ZD Trebnje, policista PP Trebnje, okrožni državni tožilec in preiskovalni sodnik ter kriminalisti iz PU Novo mesto.

3. obsojenec, rojen 1971ZPKZ DobPri vračanju s sprehajališča se je zgrudil. Odpeljan z reševalnim vozilom v zdravstveno inštitucijo. Na poti zdravnik ugotovil smrt. Obdukcija kot vzrok smrti ugotovi infarkt.

4. obsojenec, rojen 1979ZPKZ MariborNa obdukciji kot razlog smrti ugotovljena zastrupitev z metadonom in tramodolom.

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SMRTI v letu 2007

1. obsojenec, rojen 1937 POO in OO Slovenska vasPaznik je našel obsojenca, ki ni kazal znakov življenja, po obrazu pa je imel mrliške pege v postelji. Zdravnica ZD Trebnje je ugotovila naravno smrt. 2. sodno pridržani, rojen 1954ZPMZKZ CeljeSamomor z obešanjem. Komisijo za ugotovitev vzrokov smrti so sestavljali: dežurni preiskovalni sodnik, okrožna državna tožilka, direktorica zavoda, sodni izvedenec sodno-medicinske stroke.V sodnem pridržanju je bil od 30.3.2007 od 17.45 dalje. Ob triaži ni bila ugotovljena samomorilna ogroženost.

3. pripornik, rojen 1968ZPKZ Ljubljana Samomor s predoziranjem. Komisija, ki jo je imenoval podpredsednik Okrožnega sodišča v Ljubljani je ugotovila, da je pripornik storil samomor z zaužitjem zdravil.

4. obsojenec, rojen 1967ZPKZ Maribor Sodna obdukcija je kot neposreden vzrok smrti ugotovila nenadno odpoved glavnih življenjskih funkcij, dihanja in delovanja srca. Izsledkov toksikološke analize opravljene na Sodnem inštitutu v Ljubljani nam ni uspelo pridobiti. Obsojenec je bil sladkorni bolnik in odvisnik.

5. pripornik, rojen 1974 - nekdanja Zvezna republika JugoslavijaZPKZ KoperSamomor z rezanjem. Komisija je ugotovila, da se je pripornik s kosom razbitega stekla (steklena polička iz kopalnice) porezal po vratu. Poškodba je bila taka, da prva pomoč, tako s strani paznikov, kot zdravstvene ekipe, ki je v kratkem času prišla v zavod, ni mogla biti uspešna.Pripornik je bil obravnavan pri zavodskem psihiatru. Bil je tudi krajši čas hospitaliziran v Psihiatrični bolnišnici Idrija.

6. obsojenec, rojen 1946ZPKZ DobSmrt zaradi srčnega infarkta. Dne 11. 10. 2007 je bil operiran na srcu in nameščen na intenzivni kirurški oddelek. Umrl v Kliničnem centru Ljubljana.

7. pripornik, rojen 1940ZPKZ MariborUmrl v UKC Maribor, pljučni oddelek. Hospitaliziran od 18.9.2007.

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8. pripornik, rojen 1974 - LitvaZPKZ Maribor- oddelek Murska SobotaSopriporniki in delavci pazniške službe so pripornika skušali oživljati. Ob 2.02 je prispela zdravstvena ekipa in z oživljanjem nadaljevala. Sodna obdukcija ni bila odrejena. Patolog je povedal, da je imel pokojni popolnoma zalita pljuča s hrano in želodčno vsebino in da je pri tem prišlo do izključitve požiralnega refleksa in posledično do zalitja pljuč.

SMRTI v letu 2008

1. pripornik, rojen 1964ZPKZ MariborSamomor z obešanjem dne 29. 12. 2007 (reanimacija od 29. 12. 2007 do 7. 2. 2008) v UKC MariborPrvo pomoč sta mu nudila paznika, vse do prihoda reševalne ekipe.

2. obsojenec, rojen 1946ZPKZ DobSamomor z obešanjem. Glede na ugotovljeno samomorilno ogroženost je bil redno spremljan pri zavodski psihiatrinji, psihologu in strokovnih delavcih oddelka, izvajal pa se je tudi povečan nadzor s strani pazniške službe. Obsojenec je bil dnevno spremljan s strani zdravstvenega osebja. Nameščen je bil v sobo z ambulantnim režimom.

3. uklonilno zaprt, rojen 1950ZPKZ Ljubljana – Smrt zaradi notranjih krvavitev in posledičnega zastoja srca v KC Ljubljana. S strani zavodskega zdravnika je bil pregledan dne 29. 2. 2008. Ugotovljena je bila okvara jeter in polinevropatija, kot posledica dolgotrajne odvisnosti od alkohola.

4. obsojenec, rojen 1966ZPKZ DobPokojni ni bil odvisnik, ni prejemal nobene terapije. Dežurna zdravnica je odredila sanitarno obdukcijo.

5. obsojenec, rojen 1963ZPKZ Maribor Smrt je nastopila zaradi prisotnosti metadona v krvi (0,64 mg/l). Na samem truplu je bila v dimljah na levi strani najdena manjša luknja v koži, za katero je kazalo, da si jo je pred časom povzročil pokojnik sam, zaradi vbrizgavanja droge. Obdukcija je pokazala močno izražene bolezenske spremembe na organih.

6. obsojenec, rojen 1962ZPKZ DobSamomor z obešenjem. Obsojenec je z ženo ob 12.55 pričel koristiti 4 urni nenadzorovani obisk zunaj zavoda. Žena je ob 15.25 sporočila, da jo je udaril in pobegnil proti gozdu. Sprožena je bila iskalna akcija. Ob

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18.20 je bilo najdeno truplo obešeno na drevo. Ogled kraja dogodka so opravili kriminalisti, zdravnik je odredil sanitarno obdukcijo.

7. obsojenec, rojen 1949ZPKZ DobMed tuširanjem se je zgrudil po tleh. Predhodno je tožil, da ga tišči v predelu prsi. Oživljan s strani delavcev pazniške službe in nato dežurne zdravnice, ki je ugotovila smrt. Policijska postaja Trebnje je opravila ogled kraja smrti. Odrejena je bila sanitarna obdukcija.

SMRTI v letu 2009

1. pripornik, rojen 1978ZPKZ KoperSamomor z obešanjem. Pazniki so poskušali z oživljanjem do prihoda zdravnika, ki je ugotovil smrt. Kraj dogodka so si ogledali kriminalisti PU Koper, podpredsednik Okrožnega sodišča, državni tožilec, zdravnik in direktor zavoda.

2. obsojenec, rojen 1943ZPKZ DobO smrti obsojenca so nas obvestili iz Splošne bolnišnice Novo mesto, kjer je bil obsojenec od 22. 2. 2009 hospitaliziran na pljučnem oddelku.

3. obsojenec, rojen 1930ZPKZ DobObsojenec je bil na prekinitvi kazni zaradi zelo slabega zdravstvenega stanja in je bival v instituciji civilne družbe.

4. obsojenec, rojen 1983ZPKZ DobSamomor z obešanjem. Komisija, imenovana s strani generalnega direktorja URSIKS, ni ugotovila nepravilnosti.

SMRTI v letu 2010

1. obsojenka, rojena 1959ZPKZ IgObsojenka je bila zaradi težav z dihanjem ob 7.10 uri z reševalnim vozilom odpeljana v zdravstveni zavod, kjer je bila sprejeta ob 8.00 uri. Ob 22:15 je dežurna zdravnica sporočila v zavod, da je bolnica preminila.

2. pripornik, rojen 1964ZPKZ Ljubljana – Oddelek Novo mestoKomisija v sestavi: okrožni sodni svetnik, okrožni državni tožilec, zdravnik in vodja oddelka ZPKZ Ljubljana Odd. Novo mesto, je kot razlog smrti ugotovila pljučnico in druge poškodbene komplikacije, ki so nastale zaradi poškodb ob skoku skozi okno v II. nadstropju SB Novo

51

mesto. Komisija meni, da pri izvajanju pripora in pri varovanju pripornika v času hospitalizacije niso bile napravljene kakršnekoli napake.

3. pripornik, rojen 1954ZPKZ MariborSamomor z obešanjem. Kraj dogodka so si ogledali kriminalisti PP Maribor v spremstvu preiskovalne sodnice in dežurnega državnega tožilca. Nepravilnosti ni bilo ugotovljenih.

4. pripornik, rojen1963ZPKZ MariborPreminil na torakalnem oddelku UKC Maribor, kamor je bil sprejet 28. 7. 2010.

5. obsojenec, rojen 1971ZPKZ DobDne 3.12.2010 je obsojenec zaključil zdravljenje v SB Novo mesto in bil odpeljan v spremstvu reševalnega vozila in pravosodnega policista na zdravniški pregled v Psihiatrično bolnišnico Ljubljana Polje. Ker tam ni bilo ugotovljenih posebnosti, je bil obsojenec ob 17:25 uri pripeljan v zavod. Na nosilih je bil odnesen v zavodsko ambulanto, kjer mu je zavodska medicinska sestra odstranila kateter, nato pa je bil obsojenec ob 17:30 uri nameščen v ambulantno sobo 35 v I. oddelku. Ob 17.50 uri pri pobiranju posode sta soobsojenca, ki sta z obsojencem prebivala v sobi, povedala pravosodnim policistom, da je zdravstveno stanje obsojenca slabo. O tem je bila takoj obveščena zavodska medicinska sestra, ki je prišla v sobo in ugotovila, da ima obsojenec zelo slab srčni utrip, zato je takoj obvestila dežurnega zdravnika v ZD Trebnje. Ob 18.20 uri je v zavod prispelo reševalno vozilo in zdravstveno osebje je takoj pričelo z oživljanjem obsojenca. Ob 18:56 uri je bila potrjena smrt obsojenca.Ogled kraja dogodka je bil opravljen s strani preiskovalne sodnice, okrožnega državnega tožilca in kriminalistov SKP PU Novo mesto. Pri ogledu ni bilo ugotovljenih posebnosti.

Pregled smrti po lokacijah

Zavod/oddelek Vseh smrti Od tega samomorovZPKZ Dob pri Mirni 11 4ZPKZ Maribor 8 2ZPKZ Koper 2 2ZPKZ Ljubljana 2 1ZPMZKZ Celje 1 1ZPKZ Ig (ženske) 1 0Oddelek Novo mesto 1 0Oddelek Murska Sobota 1 0Oddelek Slovenska vas 1 0SKUPAJ 28 10

Ena oseba je bila ženskega spola. Vsi ostali so bili moški.

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Podatka o narodnosti se ne obdeluje. En obsojenec je bil državljan Litve, en pripornik je bil državljan nekdanje Zvezne republike Jugoslavije. Vsi ostali so bili državljani Slovenije.

B.) Aktivnosti in ukrepi za preprečevanje samomorov:

Na podlagi analize stanja in ob upoštevanju tujih dobrih praks je Uprava Republike Slovenije za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij v letu 2003 sprejela »Strategijo preprečevanja samomorov«. Izdelana so bila tudi strokovna priporočila za interno uporabo.

Sistematično smo pričeli usposabljati osebje zavodov za prepoznavanje znakov samomorilne ogroženosti. V procesa izobraževanja je bilo v začetni fazi vključeno veliko število delavcev vseh služb in sicer v dveh izobraževalnih oblikah; »Ugotavljanje samomorilne ogroženosti ob sprejemu« in »Preprečevanje samomora«, obe v trajanju šest ur. Tematiko preprečevanje samomorov smo vključili v obvezno izobraževanje novih pravosodnih policistov.

V lanskem in predlanskem letu smo izvedli dve daljši intenzivni izobraževanji v trajanju 54 ur, ki sta bili usmerjeni predvsem v predstavitve in študije posameznih primerov iz prakse. Iz udeležencev obeh skupin smo v letošnjem letu formirali supervizijsko skupino, ki jo sestavljajo udeleženci iz vseh lokacij. Poglavitna naloga skupine je izmenjava znanja in dobrih praks ter prenos le tega v vse zavode in oddelke.

Z letom 2004 smo sistematično uvedli ocenjevanje samomorilne ogroženosti pri vsaki zaprti osebi ob sprejemu v zapor s pomočjo intervjuja ob podpori vprašalnika.

Dokončani samomor je zelo obremenilna situacija, tako za osebje zavoda, kot za zaprte osebe, zato se ob takem dogodku zagotavlja pomoč v obliki debriefinga.

53

Število samomorov na 10.000 zaprtih

38,86

73,31

26,21

49,38

10,54

35,37 33,25 34,84

26,79

0,00

17,59

7,8914,12

7,28

22,40 21,99

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Glede na to, da se smrti in samomori dogajajo kot redki dogodki, bi bilo preuranjeno govoriti o pozitivnih učinkih ukrepov in se prehitro zadovoljiti s pozitivnimi trendi. Prizadevanja Republike Slovenije niso usmerjena le v zmanjšanje samomorov v zavodih za prestajanje kazni zapora, temveč v vse oblike preprečevanja autodestruktivnega vedenja.

C) PODROČJE ZDRAVSTVA

Število in vzroki "nenadnih" smrti v psihiatričnih bolnišnicah

V Oddelku za psihiatrijo UKC Maribor je v obdobju 2006-2010 umrlo 17 oseb (11 žensk in 6 moških). Večina je bila starostnikov (med 70 in 94. letom starosti), izjema sta le dve osebi, ki sta bili stari 46 oziroma 57 let. Glavni vzrok smrti je bil zastoj srca.

V Psihiatrični kliniki Ljubljana je bilo v navedenem obdobju 12 smrtnih primerov (6 žensk in 6 moških). Glavni vzrok smrti je bil zastoj srca, izjema je 1 primer respiratornega aresta.

V Psihiatrični bolnišnici Begunje sta v obdobju 2006-2010 v zaprtih oddelkih umrla 2 moška (starost 50 let in 81 let). Vzrok je zastoj srca.

V Psihiatrični bolnišnici Idrija je umrla v obdobju 2006-2010 ena ženska, stara 59 let. Do smrti je prišlo po akutnem poslabšanju dihalnih funkcij ter poskusu reanimacije in reševanja s helikopterskim prevozom. Obdukcija je pokazala pljučno embolijo.

V Psihiatrični bolnišnici Ormož je umrlo v navedenem obdobju 9 oseb (8 moških in 1 ženska). Pri vseh je bil vzrok smrti zastoj srca.

Vse bolnišnice sistematično spremljajo opozorilne nevarne dogodke in pripravijo posebne ukrepe, če le-te zaznajo. V Psihiatrični kliniki Ljubljana so v letu 2010 vpeljali posebne Klinične poti za bolnišnično obravnavo samomorilnega pacienta.

27. Ob upoštevanju odločitve Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije o neskladnosti določb 70. do 81. člena Zakona o nepravdnem

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postopku z Ustavo30 vas prosimo, da zagotovite posodobljene podatke o veljavni zakonodaji, ki ureja pridržanje v psihiatričnih bolnišnicah.

Na podlagi navedene odločbe Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije iz leta 2003 (odločba US, št. U-I-60/03, 4.12.2003) je bil leta 2008 sprejet poseben Zakon o duševnem zdravju, ki je podrobneje predstavljen v odgovorih na vprašanje št. 28.

28. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o predlogu zakona o duševnem zdravju, navedenem v poročilu države pogodbenice31; ali je bil predlog sprejet, in če je bil sprejet, prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o postopku pridržanja duševnih bolnikov v psihiatričnih bolnišnicah in socialnovarstvenih zavodih.

Postopke pridržanja oseb s težavami v duševnem zdravju v socialnih zavodih ureja Zakon o duševnem zdravju iz leta 2008 (Uradni list RS, št. 77/08). Navedeni zakon ureja postopke pred sodiščem za sprejem brez privolitve osebe v oddelek pod posebnim nadzorom psihiatrične bolnišnice, v varovani oddelek socialno varstvenega zavoda in v nadzorovano obravnavo. Osebo z duševnimi motnjami v postopkih pred sodiščem obvezno zastopa odvetnik, oziroma natančneje, v vseh postopkih pred sodišči po tem zakonu je obvezno zastopanje osebe po pooblaščencu, ki je odvetnik, kar vključuje vse postopke prisilnega odvzema prostosti oziroma prisilne hospitalizacije. Za mladoletnika in polnoletno osebo, ki ji je odvzeta poslovna sposobnost, pooblasti odvetnika zakoniti zastopnik, razen če je bil postopek uveden na njegov predlog. V tem primeru odvetnika postavi sodišče.

Postopek sprejema v psihiatrično bolnišnico in socialno varstveni zavod se lahko opravi na naslednje načine:

1. sprejem s privolitvijo,

2. sprejem brez privolitve na podlagi sklepa sodišča;

3. sprejem brez privolitve v nujnih primerih, ko je oseba že pridržana v oddelku pod posebnim nadzorom psihiatrične bolnišnice na podlagi napotnice izbranega osebnega zdravnika, psihiatra ali drugega zdravnika – pred sklepom sodišča.

V primeru sprejema brez privolitve v nujnih primerih je sprejemni zdravnik psihiatrične bolnišnice zadržano osebo takoj po sprejemu dolžan poučiti o pravicah iz 58. člena Zakona o duševnem zdravju ter o zadržanju osebe dolžan v štirih urah pisno obvestiti direktorja psihiatrične bolnišnice, ta pa takoj pristojno sodišče. Po prejemu obvestila je sodišče dolžno izdati sklep o začetku postopka v roku enega dne, ter v naslednjem dnevu obiskati in zaslišati zadržano osebo ob obvezni navzočnosti odvetnika. O zadržanju osebe je sodišče dolžno odločiti v roku treh dni po obisku osebe.

Zdravljenje osebe v oddelku pod posebnim nadzorom psihiatrične bolnišnice brez njene privolitve je dopustno, če so izpolnjeni vsi naslednji pogoji:

30 Glejte: CAT/C/SVN/3, 89. odstavek. 31 Glejte: CAT/C/SVN/3, 101.–111. odstavek.

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– če ogroža svoje življenje ali življenje drugih ali če huje ogroža svoje zdravje ali zdravje drugih ali povzroča hudo premoženjsko škodo sebi ali drugim,

– če je ogrožanje iz prejšnje alineje posledica duševne motnje, zaradi katere ima oseba hudo moteno presojo realnosti in sposobnost obvladovati svoje ravnanje in

– če navedenih vzrokov in ogrožanja iz prve in druge alineje tega odstavka ni mogoče odvrniti z drugimi oblikami pomoči (z zdravljenjem v psihiatrični bolnišnici izven oddelka pod posebnim nadzorom, z ambulantnim zdravljenjem ali z nadzorovano obravnavo).

Oseba je sprejeta v varovani oddelek socialno varstvenega zavoda, če so izpolnjeni vsi naslednji pogoji:

– če je akutno bolnišnično zdravljenje zaključeno oziroma ni potrebno,

– če potrebuje stalno oskrbo in varstvo, ki ju ni mogoče zagotoviti v domačem okolju ali na drug način,

– če ogroža svoje življenje ali življenje drugih ali če huje ogroža svoje zdravje ali zdravje drugih ali povzroča hudo premoženjsko škodo sebi ali drugim,

– če je ogrožanje iz prejšnje alineje posledica duševne motnje, zaradi katere ima oseba hudo moteno presojo realnosti in sposobnost obvladovanja svojega ravnanja,

– če navedenih vzrokov in ogrožanja iz tretje in četrte alineje ni mogoče odvrniti z drugimi oblikami pomoči (izven socialno varstvenega zavoda, v nadzorovani obravnavi),

– če izpolnjuje druge pogoje za sprejem v socialno varstveni zavod, ki jih določajo predpisi s področja socialnega varstva.

Sodišče je dolžno po uradni dolžnosti sprožiti postopek po Zakonu o duševnem zdravju tudi, ko o tem ni uradno obveščeno, ampak na kakršenkoli način izve za sprejem brez privolitve.

Zakon o duševnem zdravju opredeljuje pravico do zastopnika osebe na področju duševnega zdravja pri uveljavljanju pravic v vseh postopkih obravnave v oddelkih pod posebnim nadzorom psihiatrične bolnišnice, varovanih oddelkih socialno varstvenega zavoda in v nadzorovani obravnavi. Oseba z duševno motnjo je velikokrat v situaciji, da ne more sama varovati svojih pravic, zato predlog zakona uveljavlja sistem zastopništva, ki dopolnjuje in nadgrajuje pravico do zastopnika, ki jo imajo osebe kot uporabniki zdravstvenih storitev v skladu z Zakonom o pacientovih pravicah. Pri tem je predvidena možnost da bo posameznik smel opravljati obe funkciji, če bo izpolnjeval pogoje tako po zakonu o duševnem zdravju kot po zakonu o pacientovih pravicah.

Zakon opredeljuje uporabo posebnih varovalnih ukrepov, ki se uporabljajo zaradi omogočanja zdravljenja oziroma obvladovanja nevarnega vedenja osebe.

Zakon opredeljuje posebne metode zdravljenja, ki so:

56

- zdravljenje z elektrokonvulzivno terapijo,

- hormonsko zdravljenje,

- uporaba psihotropnih zdravil v vrednostih, ki presegajo največji predpisani odmerek.

Posebne metode zdravljenja se lahko uporabljajo le v primeru, če jih odobri zdravniški konzilij sestavljen iz najmanj treh psihiatrov, od katerih najmanj eden ni zaposlen v psihiatrični bolnišnici, v kateri se oseba zdravi, in ni osebe zdravil.

Ostali pogoji, ki morajo biti izpolnjeni za uporabo posebnih metod zdravljenja so:

- podana pisna privolitev osebe,

- ni na voljo nobenih drugih učinkovitih metod zdravljenja za ustrezno zdravstveno oskrbo,

- je to nujno potrebno za zdravljenje osebe,

- pričakovana korist odtehta predvidljivo tveganje in obremenitev, ki ju prinaša predlagano zdravljenje.

Za zdravljenje z elektrokonvulzivno terapijo ali hormonsko zdravljenje je poleg navedenih pogojev potrebno tudi pozitivno mnenje psihiatra, ki osebe ne zdravi in ni član zdravniškega konzilija.

Poleg tega je Republika Slovenija je na centrih za socialno delo do konca leta 2010 zaposlila 19 koordinatorjev obravnave v skupnosti, ki pokrivajo področje duševnega zdravja. Do konca leta 2012 je predvidena zaposlitev 30 dodatnih koordinatorjev. Koordinatorji so usposobljeni strokovni delavci, z najmanj visoko stopnjo izobrazbe (zdravstvena, psihološka, socialna pedagoška ali druga ustrezna smer) in najmanj tremi leti delovnih izkušenj na področju varovanja duševnega zdravja, socialnega varstva, zdravstva ali v nevladnih organizacijah, ki izvajajo programe duševnega zdravja. Njihova naloga je izvajanje pomoči osebam, ki ne potrebujejo več zdravljenja v psihiatrični bolnišnici ali nadzorovani obravnavi, potrebujejo pa pomoč pri psihosocialni rehabilitaciji, vsakdanjih opravilih, urejanju življenjskih razmer in vključevanju v vsakdanje življenje na podlagi načrta obravnave. Vse naloge so usmerjene v iskanje ustreznih rešitev z namenov čimhitrejše vrnitve uporabnika storitve nazaj v domače okolje. Na podlagi 26. člen Zakona o duševnem zdravju in 11. člena Pravilnika o opravljanju izpita ter izbiri in vlogi zastopnika pravic oseb na področju duševnega zdravja ter javnega poziva z dne 20.8.2010 je minister za delo, družino in socialne zadeve po prehodnem soglasju ministra zdravje imenoval zastopnike oseb na področju duševnega zdravja. Vsak zastopnik je imenovan za območje dveh psihiatričnih bolnišnic.

29. Poročilo države pogodbenice omenja nov Pravilnik o policijskih pooblastilih, ki je usmerjen k večji zaščiti človekovih pravic in svoboščin, Katalog standardov policijskih postopkov ter tudi več strokovnih priročnikov za uporabo prisilnih sredstev za strokovnejše delo policistov.32 Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o vsebini teh standardov.

32 Glej CAT/C/SVN/3, 129. odstavek.57

Katalog standardov policijskih postopkov vsebuje vse osnovne policijske postopke, glede na zakonska pooblastila in različna področja dela. Razvrščeni so glede na tip postopka, ki je po pravilih policijske stroke lahko običajen, občutljiv ali nevaren. Postopki so v katalogu prikazani po sistemu opornih točk, po vrstnem redu, kot morajo potekati v praksi. Katalog je pripomoček policistom za izvedbo postopka, pa tudi po postopku, ko bo potrebno o njem poročati, dokumentirati posamezna opravila in evidentirati uporabo pooblastil. Namenjen pa je tudi vodjem policijskih enot, ki morajo spremljati zakonitost in strokovnost izvedbe postopkov policistov. Katalog je zbirka osnovnih policijskih postopkov s pravno-strokovnimi pravili s poudarkom na varnosti policistov.

Kot je bilo že navedeno v odgovoru na vprašanje št. 20, so pogoji za uporabo prisilnih sredstev določeni v Zakonu o policiji, Pravilnik o policijskih pooblastilih pa ureja način uporabe prisilnih sredstev, poročanje o uporabe ter ocenjevanje uporabe prisilnih sredstev. V priročnikih za uporabo posameznih prisilnih sredstev pa so zbrana pravna in strokovna pravila, napotki in pojasnila za uporabo prisilnih sredstev.

12. in 13. člen

30. Glede na poročilo države pogodbenice so bili vzpostavljeni mehanizmi za preprečevanje in ugotavljanje morebitnega slabega ravnanja s pridržanimi osebami.33 Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o teh mehanizmih in drugih ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da bi zagotovili doslednejšo in bolj pravočasno uvedbo disciplinskih postopkov zoper policiste.

Delno je odgovor že podan kot odgovor na vprašanje št. 7. Dodatno pojasnjujemo, da je eden izmed najpomembnejših mehanizmov za preprečevanje možnega grdega ravnanja ali uvedbe takšnega ravnanja s pridržanimi osebami zagotovo ustanovitev Specializiranega oddelka, ki deluje v Skupini državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala pri Vrhovnem državnem tožilstvu Republike Slovenije, ki je od 1. 11. 2007 stvarno in krajevno pristojen za pregon vseh kaznivih dejanj, ki jih storijo uradne osebe, zaposlene v policiji in je bil ustanovljen prav z namenom neodvisne in nepristranske obravnave teh kaznivih dejanj. Med navedeno pa spadajo tudi aktivnosti in ukrepi, ki so bili med drugim že predstavljeni (zagotavljanje pravic, priprava internih aktov, izobraževanje policistov, policijsko zaslišanje, pritožbeni postopek…).

Dne 15. 2. 2010 je generalni sekretar Ministrstva za notranje zadeve vsem notranjim organizacijskim enotam MNZ, IRSNZ, GPU in policijskih uprav posredoval dopis, v katerem je opozoril na problematiko zastaranja disciplinskega postopka. Organizacijske enote so bile izrecno opozorjene na pravočasnost podajanja predlogov za uvedbo disciplinskega postopka, zakonitost, doslednost in posebno skrbnost pri vodenju disciplinskega postopka in odločanju o disciplinski

33 Glejte: CAT/C/SVN/3, 113. odstavek.58

odgovornosti ter pravočasnost vročanja vseh dokumentov v disciplinskem postopku.

Dne 18. 3. 2010 je bilo v prostorih Policijske akademije v Tacnu za predstavnike notranje organizacijskih enot MNZ, IRSNZ, GPU in policijskih uprav izvedeno predavanje, na katerem so bile predstavljene določbe Zakona o javnih uslužbencih, ki urejajo disciplinski postopek in na katerem so bili udeleženci opozorjeni na zgoraj navedene ugotovitve.

31. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o primerih, v katerih so bili zoper policiste uvedeni disciplinski postopki, in vrsti izrečenih disciplinskih sankcij.34

V letu 2010 je bilo zoper policiste uvedenih 34 disciplinskih postopkov, od katerih je bilo – upoštevaje podatke, s katerimi razpolagamo – o disciplinski odgovornosti/neodgovornosti dokončno odločeno v 24-ih disciplinskih postopkih, ki so bili uvedeni.

17 disciplinskih postopkov je bilo uvedenih v skladu z drugim odstavkom 123. člena ZJU (težja disciplinska kršitev), od katerih jih je bilo 7 ustavljenih (bodisi ker ni bila podana disciplinska odgovornost bodisi ker niso bili podani elementi težje disciplinske kršitve), v dveh primerih pa je bil izrečen disciplinski ukrep denarne kazni. V skladu s prvim odstavkom 123. člena ZJU (lažja disciplinska kršitev) je bilo v letu 2010 uvedenih 17 disciplinskih postopkov, od katerih so bili 4-je disciplinski postopki ustavljeni (zaradi zastaranja uvedbe oziroma vodenja disciplinskega postopka bodisi zaradi pomanjkanja dokazov, da je policist storil lažjo disciplinsko kršitev), v 8-ih primerih je bil policistu izrečen disciplinski ukrep opomina, dvema policistoma pa je bil izrečen disciplinski ukrep denarne kazni. Nezakonita, nestrokovna oziroma prekoračitev uporabe prisilnih sredstev je bila razlog za uvedbo disciplinskega postopka v 5-ih primerih, in sicer:

nezakonit odvzem prostosti in pridržanje – disciplinski postopek zoper policista je bil ustavljen zaradi zastaranja vodenja postopka;

nedostojno vedenje in uporaba fizične sile – disciplinski postopek zoper policista je bil ustavljen zaradi pomanjkanja dokazov;

nestrokovna uporaba prisilnih sredstev, neporočanje o uporabi prisilnih sredstev – disciplinska komisija, ki jo je imenoval generalni direktor policije je policistu izrekla opomin, vendar je KPDR kot drugostopni organ pritožbi policista ugodila in odločila, da se disciplinski postopek ustavi zaradi zastaranja vodenja;

neuporaba sredstev za vklepanje in vezanje, čeprav bi jih policista v skladu z usmeritvami morala uporabiti, kar je imelo za posledico pobeg pripornika – disciplinski postopek je bil uveden zoper policista in policistko.

V letu 2009 je bilo v Policiji uvedenih 20 disciplinskih postopkov, dokončnih pa jih je postalo 15 (podatki od dokončnosti obsegajo tudi disciplinske postopke iz leta 2008, ki so postali dokončno v letu 2009). Uslužbencem Policije pa je bilo z dokončnim sklepom disciplinskih

34 Glejte: CAT/C/SVN/3, 35.–36. odstavek.59

organov izrečenih 8 disciplinskih ukrepov, in sicer je bil štirim policistom izrečen disciplinski ukrep opomin, štirim policistom pa je bila zaradi lažje disciplinske kršitve izrečena denarna kazen. Od uvedenih disciplinskih postopkov v letu 2009 je bilo dokončno ustavljenih 7 disciplinskih postopkov (2 zaradi zastaranja vodenja disciplinskega postopka, 5 disciplinskih postopkov pa zaradi pomanjkanja dokazov).

V letu 2008 je bilo uvedenih kar 46 disciplinskih postopkov, dokončnih pa jih je postalo 54 (podatki obsegajo tudi disciplinske postopke iz leta 2007, ki so postali dokončno v letu 2008). Uslužbencem Policije je bilo z dokončnim sklepom 20 disciplinskih ukrepov, in sicer je bila disciplinski ukrep opomin izrečen 10-im policistom, denarna kazen zaradi lažje disciplinske kršitve je bila izrečena štirim policistom, šestim policistom pa je bil izrečen disciplinski ukrep denarne kazni zaradi težje disciplinske kršitve. Dokončno ustavljenih je bilo v letu 2008 34 disciplinskih postopkov, in sicer 11 zaradi zastaranja vodenja disciplinskega postopka, 9 zaradi pomanjkanja dokazov ter 14 disciplinskih postopkov, ker policist ni bil odgovoren za disciplinsko kršitev.

Po podatkih iz statistike so bila v letu 2010 izdana 3 pisna opozorila pred redno odpovedjo pogodbe o zaposlitvi zaradi prekoračitve uporabe prisilnih sredstev, v letu 2009 pa 2 pisni opozorili pred redno odpovedjo pogodbe o zaposlitvi. Postopek redne oziroma izredne odpovedi pogodbe o zaposlitvi zaradi prekoračitve uporabe prisilnih sredstev po podatkih, s katerimi razpolagamo, ni bil uveden zoper nobenega od policistov.

32. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti za odpravljanje sodnih zaostankov, in vsebini pred kratkim sprejetih projektov Herkules in Lukenda.35 Prosimo, zagotovite podatke o dejanskih pozitivnih rezultatih teh projektov.

Delno je bil odgovor že podan pri odgovoru na vprašanje št. 8.

Republika Slovenija podrobneje pojasnjuje, da je bil leta 2006 v skladu s predlogom Vlade v Sloveniji sprejet poseben zakon (Zakon o varstvu pravice do sojenje brez nepotrebnega odlašanja) kot pomoč strankam sodnih postopkov tako, da uvaja tako pospešitvena pravna sredstva za primere predolgega trajanja sodnega postopka kakor tudi sredstva pravičnega zadoščenja (odškodnina – še posebej denarna nadomestila).

Nadalje, konec leta 2005 je bil sprejet poseben program za odpravo sodnih zaostankov, ki vsebuje mozaik ukrepov (v zvezi z osebjem, s prostori, financami itd.). Ta program, imenovan ''Projekt Lukenda'', se je izkazal za uspešnega.

Po sodbi Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice v primeru Lukenda v. Slovenija z dne 6. oktobra 2005 (št. 23032/02, ESČP 2005-X) in odločbi Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije št. U-I-65/05 (22. september 2005), ki obe zavezujeta državo Slovenijo k vzpostavitvi

35 Glejte: CAT/C/SVN/3, 114. odstavek.60

pogojev, v katerih bo izvrševana pravica do sojenja brez nepotrebnega odlašanja, je slovenska Vlada sprejela Skupni državni projekt o odpravi sodnih zaostankov, tako imenovan Projekt Lukenda. Njegov cilj je odprava zaostankov na slovenskih sodiščih in državnih tožilstvih do konca leta 2010 z zagotavljanjem strukturne in vodstvene reforme pravosodja. Priprava Zakona o varstvu pravice do sojenja brez nepotrebnega odlašanja je bila del Projekta Lukenda.

Učinkovitost izvajanja zgoraj navedenega zakona in programa je nenehno pod nadzorom Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice in vse do sedaj so bile ocene pozitivne.

Leta 2009 je Vlada pripravila spremembe zakona, ki jih je sprejela zakonodajna veja oblasti. Njihov cilj je okrepitev učinkovitosti izvajanja zakona, kar zagotavlja dodatno varstvo pravic strank sodnih postopkov do sojenja brez nepotrebnega odlašanja in sojenja v razumnem roku.

Leta 2009 je vrh sodne oblasti, ki je v smislu delitve oblasti in neodvisnosti sodišč neodvisen tako od izvršilne kot od zakonodajne oblasti, ocenil, da je bil projekt za odpravo zaostankov izveden dokaj uspešno.

Projekt Lukenda se je izkazal za uspešno sredstvo pri odpravi večine sodnih zaostankov do 31. decembra 2010, vendar so ocene neodvisnega sodstva pokazale, da se bo odprava sodnih zaostankov nadaljevala še po letu 2010 zaradi pomembnega dela zunanjih faktorjev, kot sta na primer trenutna ekonomska in finančna kriza ter s tem povezan povečan pripad zadev na slovenskih sodiščih.

Zato se je Vlada dne 26. avgusta 2010 odločila podaljšati določene dejavnosti, ki se nanašajo na Projekt Lukenda za nadaljnji dve leti (do 31. decembra 2012) kot protiutež trenutnemu povišanemu pripadu zadev (samo v letu 2009 so slovenska sodišča dobila več kot 925.000 novih zadev – s skupnim številom nerešenih zadev je to 1,45 milijona – kar se smatra za največji pripad novih zadev v zadnjih 20 letih; v istem letu so sodišča rešila 939.000 zadev, kar kaže na porast za 12,7 % v primerjavi z letom 2008).

Statistični podatki kažejo na znatno zmanjšanje za približno 14 % (natančno 13,92 %) v številu sodnih zaostankov v Sloveniji, če primerjamo statistične podatke, ki se nanašajo na 31. december 2008 in 31. december 2009.

Predhodnik Projekta Lukenda je bil tako imenovan program “Herkules”, ki se je začel leta 2001 in je imel v osnovi enak cilj – znatno zmanjšanje sodnih zaostankov, med drugim z ukrepi uporabe mobilnih sodnikov in predodelitev zadev. Ta program na splošno ni bil popolnoma uspešen pri doseganju zastavljenih ciljev (vendar pa je postavil temelje za naslednji Projekt Lukenda), na drugi strani pa so bile njegove prednosti dokazane na področju sodnih zaostankov v zadevah zemljiške knjige in zadevah, ki se nanašajo na izvrševanje sodnih odločb v civilnih zadevah, saj je zaslužen za občutno zmanjšanje slednjih in praktično odpravo prvih.

Izvajanje Projekta Lukenda in s tem povezanih dejavnosti je povzročilo splošno znatno zmanjšanje obsega zadev in ne samo zadev, ki se v nacionalni zakonodaji obravnavajo kot sodni zaostanki. Poudarjamo dejstvo, da pojem “sodni zaostanek”, kot je določen v slovenski zakonodaji, ne more biti prosto enačen s pojmom “razumni rok” – rok, v katerem mora biti sojenje zaključeno, kot ga uporablja Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice v Strasbourgu. Če nacionalni rok, ki določa, kdaj zadeva postane “zaostanek”, ni izvršen, to ne pomeni

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avtomatično, da sojenje ni opravljeno “znotraj razumnega roka”, kot ga določa sodna praksa Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice.

Zato so v Republiki Sloveniji Vrhovno sodišče, Sodni svet in Ministrstvo za pravosodje dosegli sporazum, s katerim se bo pojem “sodni zaostanek”, kot je trenutno določen z nacionalno zakonodajo, v doglednem času zamenjal s pojmom (in definicijo) “pričakovani čas trajanja sodnih postopkov”. Dejstvo je, da so v Sloveniji v zadnjih nekaj letih definicije, ki urejajo, kdaj določena vrsta sodnih zadev postane “zaostanek”, bile pogosto spremenjene (in tako postale vse bolj in bolj stroge), kar je neizogibno povzročilo, da je postala primerjava letnih statističnih podatkov, ki se nanašajo na “sodne zaostanke”, vse manj pregledna in tako vse bolj neprimerljiva.

Po Okvirnem programu CEPEJ (2004) 19 REV 2 Evropske komisije za učinkovitost sodstva (CEPEJ)36 mora biti določen nov cilj za sodni sistem: obravnava posamezne zadeve v optimalnem in predvidenem časovnem obdobju. Cilj zmanjšanja trajanja postopkov mora kot takšen imeti za posledico, da je vsaka zadeva zaključena v optimalnem časovnem obdobju, kar istočasno ustreže družbi, strankam, oškodovancem in obtožencem itd. (uporabnike). Tako ni več dopustno, da so v sodnih postopkih uporabniki prepuščeni stanju popolne negotovosti do takrat, ko se njihove zadeve začnejo obravnavati, in da nimajo nobene možnosti vplivati na trajanje postopkov. Dejstvo je, da trenutna slovenska nacionalna definicija “sodnih zaostankov” ne zadosti kriteriju kot zgolj golemu dejstvu, da se zadeva obravnava kot “zaostanek”, uporabniki pa sploh ne morejo vedeti, kdaj v bližnji prihodnosti bo njihov primer obravnavan. Vendar bo z ustanovitvijo in izvajanjem mehanizma “pričakovanega časa trajanja sodnih postopkov”, ki ga je določil CEPEJ Odbor Sveta Evrope, ta cilj izpolnjen.

Kot je razvidno iz prejšnjih odstavkov, popolna odprava zaostankov v Republiki Sloveniji še ni popolnoma izvedljiva. Vendar je pozitiven učinek izvajanja Projekta Lukenda v kombinaciji z nedavno reorganizacijo sistema sodne uprave, ki jo je prinesel Zakon o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o sodiščih z leta 2009, očitno vse bolj razviden.

Učinki niso opazni le na področju opaznih znižanj v številu tako imenovanih “sodnih zaostankov”, kot je to določeno v nacionalni zakonodaji, ampak tudi v skupnem zmanjšanju vseh nerešenih zadev na slovenskih sodiščih. Skupno zmanjšanje vseh nerešenih zadev je po statističnih podatkih sodišča znašalo 9,2 % v letu 2009 (primerjava statističnih podatkov z dne 31. decembra 2009 s podatki z dne 1. januarja 2009). Če primerjamo statistike sodišča za leto 2009 s situacijo leta 2005, je bilo skupno znižanje nerešenih zadev pred slovenskimi sodišči za prepričljivih 21, 7 %.

Celoten rezultat pokaže, da je leta 2009 zaradi dejavnosti slovenskih sodišč v kombinaciji z rezultati izvajanja Projekta Lukenda skupno število nerešenih zadev v Sloveniji padlo na najnižjo raven od leta 1996 naprej. Iz tega je prav tako razvidno, da je povprečno obdobje, v katerem je o zadevi pred slovenskim sodiščem odločeno, v letu 2009 znašalo 6,1 meseca v primerjavi s 14, 1 meseca iz leta 1998. Enako velja za povprečno obdobje pri odločanju v tako imenovanih “pomembnih zadevah”, kjer je povprečno obdobje padlo iz 21,8

36 Evropska komisija za učinkovitost sodstva (CEPEJ) je bila ustanovljena dne 18. septembra 2002 z Resolucijo Res(2002)12 Odbora ministrov Sveta Evrope [opomba Republike Slovenije].

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meseca v letu 1998 na 9 mesecev v letu 2009, kar je najnižja raven od leta 1990 naprej. Zato pričakujemo, da bodo sodni zaostanki v Republiki Sloveniji "odpravljeni" do konca leta 2012.

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33. Ob upoštevanju zaskrbljenosti, ki jo je CPT izrazil v poročilu o svojem obisku v Sloveniji leta 2006 glede neodvisnosti in nepristranskosti novega policijskega pritožbenega postopka,37 vas prosimo, da zagotovite podatke o ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da se zagotovi, da osebe, ki so odgovorne za preiskavo pritožb zoper policijo, niso v isti službi kot osebe, ki se jih preiskuje.

Skladno z Zakonom o policiji (Zpol) in Pravilnikom o reševanju pritožb se pritožbe, ki so neuspešno zaključene v pomiritvenem postopku in pritožbe iz katerih izhaja sum storitve kaznivega dejanja obravnavajo na senatu, ki je sestavljen iz predstavnika MNZ in dveh predstavnikov javnosti. V primeru suma kaznivega dejanja MNZ določi poročevalca, ki celovito preveri pritožbo in o tem seznani senat. Skladno s spremembo 25. člena pravilnika (Uradni list RS, št. 117/2005), ki velja od 24. 12. 2005 je poročevalec na senatu praviloma uslužbenec MNZ. Poleg tega vse zadeve, kjer je podan razlog za sum, da je policist storil kaznivo dejanje preiskuje Specializirani oddelek pri Vrhovnem državnem tožilstvu v skladu s področnimi zakoni.

V sklopu sprememb (nove) policijske zakonodaje se spreminja tudi pritožbeni postopek. Namen je zagotovitev neodvisnega, objektivnega, strokovnega in kakovostnega reševanja pritožb zoper policiste. Iz tega razloga bo "dominus litus" celotnega pritožbenega postopka Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve, ki ima (bo imelo) ustrezna pooblastila in zmogljivosti za preiskovanje domnevnih kršitev človekovih pravic in svoboščin pri izvajanju policijskih nalog. Pri pripravi spremenjenega pritožbenega postopka so bile upoštevane rešitve v primerljivih evropskih državah in priporočila EPAC (European partners against Corruption), ki je novembra 2010 na nivoju Evropske unije pripravil oz. sprejel "evropska načela za nadzor policije" (European Police Oversight Principles).

Določeno je, da se pritožba praviloma rešuje na organizacijski enoti policije, kjer je do očitane kršitve prišlo, razen v izjemnih primerih, ki jih določa zakon (huda telesna poškodba, posebno huda telesna poškodba ali smrt; uporaba prisilnih sredstev zoper več kot tri osebe; uporabljeno strelno orožje; širši odmev v medijih; udeležba otrok ali mladoletnikov, ali pripadniki etičnih manjšin, ali drugih diskriminiranih skupin; so v pritožbi navedene verjetne trditve o mučenju ali krutem, nečloveškem ali ponižujočem ravnanju; je pritožba podana zoper vodstvene delavce policije in v drugih primerih resnih incidentov, ki izhajajo iz dejavnosti policije in pritožbeni organ oceni, da je zaradi hudega posega v posameznikove pravice ali svoboščine potrebno

37 Kot je poudaril CPT v poročilu o svojem obisku v Sloveniji leta 2006, je bil z reformo, izvedeno leta 2003, vzpostavljen poseben Sektor za pritožbe pri Direktoratu za policijo in varnost na Ministrstvu za notranje zadeve. Pritožbe se obravnavajo na dveh stopnjah: (i) vodja policijske enote, v kateri dela policist, zoper katerega je vložena pritožba, ugotavlja dejstva v zvezi s pritožbo, (ii) v primerih, ko se pritožnik ne strinja z ugotovitvijo, se pritožba posreduje Ministrstvu za notranje zadeve, ki pregleda primer, pritožbo pa nato prouči poseben odbor (predseduje mu oseba, ki jo imenuje minister, v njem sta tudi dva predstavnika javnosti). Glej CPT/Inf (2008) 8, 15. odstavek.

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zagotoviti neodvisno preiskavo), in v primeru neuspešnega zaključka na policijski enoti, ko se pritožba obravnava na senatu MNZ.

Določena so pooblastila poročevalcev, ki preverjajo okoliščine pritožbe, pooblaščencev, ki usmerjajo in nadzorujejo reševanje pritožbe, preverjajo pritožbo kot poročevalci ali vodijo senat in pristojnosti pritožbenega organa oziroma organizacijske enote MNZ, pristojne za področje reševanja pritožb zoper policiste.

34. Prosimo, zagotovite posodobljene statistične podatke za obdobje 2006–2010 o številu pritožb zoper policijsko uporabo prisilnih sredstev in razloge zanje ter tudi o nadaljnjih preiskavah, pregonih in obsodbah storilcev, ki so ta sredstva nezakonito uporabili.

PREGLED VSEH SPREJETIH PRITOŽB 2006 - 2010

  2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Porast/upad (v

%)

Sprejete pritožbe 660 675 797 725 636 -12,3

- nerešene pritožbe 81 88 96 96 64 -33,3

- rešene pritožbe 579 587 701 629 572 -9,1

Pritožbe, obravnavane pri vodji organizacijske enote 351 306 373 303 247 -18,5

- uspešno zaključen postopek 215 199 226 182 138 -24,2

- neuspešno zaključen postopek 136 107 147 121 109 -9,9

- delež neuspešno zaključenih (v %) 38,7 35,0 39,4 39,9 44,1 10,5

- ravnanje, skladno s predpisi 309 274 322 268 226 -15,7

- ravnanje, neskladno s predpisi 30 26 31 22 17 -22,7

- delež ravnanj, neskladnih s predpisi (v %) 8,8 8,7 8,8 7,6 7,0 -7,8

- ni ocene 12 6 20 13 4 -69,2

Zavržene pritožbe 44 31 52 60 55 -8,3

Predčasno zaključen postopek 122 179 194 197 196 -0,5

Pritožbe, obravnavane na seji senata 198 178 229 190 183 -3,7

- neuspešno zaključen postopek pri vodji org. enote 136 107 147 121 109 -9,9

- sum storitve kaznivega dejanja 62 71 82 69 74 7,2

- utemeljene 21 33 28 17 23 35,3

- neutemeljene 174 135 194 162 155 -4,3

- delež utemeljenih (v %) 10,8 19,6 12,6 9,5 12,9 36,1

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  2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Porast/upad (v

%)

- ni ocene 3 10 7 11 5 -54,5

Sprejete pritožbe – utemeljene (neskladno ravnanje) 2006 - 2010

PREGLED SPREJETIH PRITOŽBENIH RAZLOGOV ZARADI UPORABLJENIH PRISILNIH SREDSTEV

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 SKUPAJ

Pritožbe, obravnavane pri vodji organizacijske enote 11 21 28 25 31 116

- ravnanje, skladno s predpisi 11 21 26 24 31 113

- ravnanje, neskladno s predpisi - - 1 - - 1

- delež ravnanj, neskladnih s predpisi (v %) 0 0 3,7 0 0 0,8

- ni ocene - - 1 1 - 2

Pritožbe, obravnavane na seji senata 50 75 101 81 98 405

- utemeljene 10 12 9 11 11 53

- neutemeljene 39 61 90 63 83 336

- delež utemeljenih (v %) 20,4 16,4 9,1 14,9 11,7 13,1

- ni ocene 1 2 2 7 4 16

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Obravnavani pritožbeni razlogi zaradi uporabe prisilnih sredstev 2006 - 2010

Neskladno ravnanje - utemeljeni pritožbeni razlogi zaradi uporabe prisilnih sredstev 2006 - 2010

Pri uporabi prisilnih sredstev (letno policisti v približno 4.500 primerih zoper 5.000 oseb uporabijo 9.500 različnih prisilnih sredstev) s strani policije lahko najbolj pogosto pride do suma storitve kaznivega dejanja kršitve človeškega dostojanstva z zlorabo uradnega položaja ali uradnih pravic po členu 266 Kazenskega zakonika - KZ-1. Od 1. 11. 2007 je za pregon vseh kaznivih dejanj, ki jih storijo uradne osebe, zaposlene v policiji, pristojen Specializirani oddelek, ki deluje v Skupini državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala pri Vrhovnem državnem tožilstvu Republike Slovenije, ki je bil ustanovljen prav z

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namenom neodvisne in nepristranske obravnave teh kaznivih dejanj. V vseh primerih, ko so bili v policiji ugotovljeni razlogi za sum, da je bilo storjeno takšno kaznivo dejanje, so bile vse prijave ali lastne zaznave teh kaznivih dejanj, v pristojno obravnavo odstopljene Specializiranemu oddelku. Policija je sicer do začetka delovanja Specializiranega oddelka, v letu 2006 obravnavala 117 teh kaznivih dejanj ter v prvih desetih mesecih leta 2007 142 teh kaznivih dejanj. Policija je v vseh primerih na predpisan način obvestila pristojna državna tožilstva. Policija je po začetku delovanja Specializiranega oddelka, v letu 2008 Specializiranemu oddelku v obravnavo odstopila 60 teh kaznivih dejanj, v letu 2009 18 kaznivih dejanj, in v letu 2010 12 kaznivih dejanj.

Sodišča ne seznanjajo Ministrstva za notranje zadeve oziroma policije z obsodbami policistov, razen v primerih, ko je policist pravnomočno obsojen zaradi naklepnega kaznivega dejanja, ki se preganja po uradni dolžnosti na nepogojno kazen zapora v trajanju več kot tri mesece. Na podlagi pravnomočne sodbe, skladno z določili zakona, ki ureja policijo, delavcu policije preneha delovno razmerje z dnem izdaje ugotovitvenega sklepa o prenehanju delovnega razmerja.

35. Prosimo, zagotovite podrobne podatke o ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da se sistematično uredi pritožbeni postopek za uporabnike psihiatrije.38 Prosimo, zagotovite tudi statistične podatke o številu prejetih pritožb v večjih psihiatričnih bolnišnicah ter o razlogih zanje za obdobje 2006–2010.

V letu 2008 je bil sprejet Zakon o pacientovih pravicah, ki je uredil pritožbene postopke pacientov ter vzpostavil institut zastopnika pacientovih pravic, ki brezplačno pomaga pacientom pri varovanju njihovih pravic. Zakon o pacientovih pravicah je podrobneje predvidel načine in postopke obravnave pritožb pacientov. V skladu z zakonom so na oglasnih mestih v bolnišničnih oddelkih objavljeni podatki o načinu vložitve zahteve za obravnave ter podatki o pristojni osebi in zastopniku pacientovih pravic. Na vsakem oddelku pod posebnim nadzorom psihiatrične bolnišnice in varovanem oddelku socialno varstvenega zavoda so na oglasni deski izpostavljene tudi pravice oseb po Zakonu o duševnem zdravju.

Podatki za pritožbe v največji slovenski psihiatrični bolnišnici, v kateri se zdravi cc. 30% vseh psihiatričnih pacientov:

Psihiatrična klinika Ljubljana Enota Število

pritožb pacientov

2006-

Razlog pritožbe

38 Glejte: CAT/C/SVN/3, 130.-134. odstavek.68

2010

Center za mentalno zdravje

(CMZ)

6

- postopki tehnične in organizacijske narave v času hospitalnega zdravljenja (2x)

- ob odhodu psihoterapevta v pokoj ni bila takoj organizirana psihoterapjia pri drugem terapevtu

- očitanje neupoštevanja varovanja osebnih podatkov, ker je njegov terapevt posredoval nekaj podatkov v zvezi zdravljenjem njegovi ženi s katero je bil v razveznem postopku. Podatki, ki so bili vezani na njegovo pritožbo so se nanašali na čas, ko je gospod z ženo še prihajal v partnersko terapijo

- očitki o neustreznem vedenju informatorke po telefonu

- pritožba s strani osebe zaradi ocene sodnega izvedenca, ki je zanj izdelal izvedensko mnenje za sodišče.

Center za zdravljenje

6

- pritožba skupnosti »Sekrament prehoda«

- pritožba 69

odvisnih od prepovedanih drog

(CZOPD)

pacienta zaradi odpusta z zdravljenja

- pritožba zaradi neustreznega odnosa člana zdravstvene nege do pacienta

- pritožba zaradi spremembe datuma sprejema

- pritožba pacienta zaradi uporabe informacij o pacientu na terapevtski skupini

- pritožba pacienta zaradi predolgega čakanja na ambl. Pregled (čakal je 45 min)

Center za izvenbolnišnično psihiatrijo

(CIP) *

153

- predolge čakalne dobe za prvi pregled

- čakanje na pregled več kot 1 uro

- za predolgo čakanje niso prejeli opravičila,

- z načinom naslavljanja in klicanja na pregled,

- da niso seznanjeni z razlogom (vzrokom) za predolgo čakanje

Center za klinično psihiatrijo

19

- pritožbe zaradi domnevne kršitve dostopa do informacij

- pritožbe zaradi omembe institucije na

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(CKP) pisemski ovojnici

- pritožbe zoper ravnanje osebja in zdravnika na oddelku

- pritožbe zaradi premestitve pacienta v domačo regijsko bolnišnico

* Na CIP pacienti izpolnjujejo ankete za preglede v rednih ambulantah in za urgentno ambulanto. V urgentni ambulanti je čas čakanja na pregled odvisen od števila urgentnih pacientov, ki so pregledani tisti dan (brez napotnice, brez najave).

Ukrepi za sistematično urejanje postopkov za varovanje pravic pacientov:

- dostopnost informativnih gradiv o pacientovih pravicah v čakalnicah in vseh oddelkih klinike glede Zakona o duševnem zdravju,

- dostopnost do brošure PK Ljubljana - Informacije za paciente, svojce in obiskovalce,

- plakati zastopnikov pravic oseb na področju duševnega zdravja,

- plakati zastopnikov po Zakonu o pacientovih pravicah,

- plakati po Zakonu o duševnem zdravju,

- seznanja osebja o pacientovih pravicah in dolžnostih osebja glede informiranja pacientov o njihovih pravicah,

- redni dnevni timski sestanki celotnega osebja in še po oddelkih,

- varnostne vizite, pogovori o varnosti in konference,

- nabiralniki z možnostjo anonimnih pritožb,

- izvedena je bila interna anketa o izkušnjah pacientov v PK Ljubljana,

- izvedena je bila Nacionalna anketa o izkušnjah pacientov v bolnišnici,

- imenovanje in izobraževanje Pooblaščenca za varnost pacientov in njegove namestnice,

- možnost pogovora in pisne pritožbe pacienta in svojcev pri predstojnikih enot,

- torej: vsestransko spoštovanje zahtev iz Zakona o pacientovih pravicah in iz Zakona o duševnem zdravju.

14. člen

36. Prosimo, zagotovite podatke o ukrepih za popravo krivic in nadomestilih, vključno s sredstvi za rehabilitacijo, ki so jih odredila

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sodišča, in dejansko rehabilitacijo žrtev mučenja ali njihovih družin.

Podatkov ne moremo posredovati, ker takšnih primerov v Republiki Sloveniji ni bilo. Obstaja le ena posredna izjema - sistemska odločba Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije, sprejeta leta 2006 (odločba Ustavnega sodišča RS, št. Up-555/03 in Up-827/04, 6.7.2006; objava: Uradni list RS, št. 78/06 in OdlUS XV, 92), s katero je bilo odločeno, da mora v primerih, ko je med akcijo represivnih organov države ena oseba umrla, država v skladu z določbo četrtega odstavka 15. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije v zvezi s 13. členom Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah zagotoviti neodvisno preiskavo okoliščin dogodka in svojcem umrlega (pritožnikoma) omogočiti učinkovit dostop do tovrstne preiskave. V tej odločbi se je Ustavno sodišče sklicevalo tudi na določbe Konvencije proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju, prav tako tudi dva sodnika Ustavnega sodišča v pritrdilnih ločenih mnenjih.

Poleg tega je bila leta 2006 sprejeta tudi še ena sistemska odločba Ustavnega sodišča (odločba Ustavnega sodišča RS, št. U-I-238/06, 7.12.2006; objava: Uradni list RS, št. 134/06 in OdlUS XV, 83), s katero je bilo, sicer v kontekstu azilnega postopka, sistemsko odločeno, da je prepoved mučenja absolutne narave. Tudi v tej odločbi Ustavnega sodišča je bilo izvedeno sklicevanje na Konvencijo proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju.

15. člen

37. Prosimo, obvestite odbor o konkretnih ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da se zagotovi, da je po zakonu in v praksi dokaz, dobljen z mučenjem, v vsakem postopku nedopusten. Prosimo, navedite primere, ki so jih sodišča zavrgla zaradi dokaza ali pričanja, dobljenega z mučenjem.

Takšni primeri se še niso pojavili pred sodišči Republike Slovenije.

Splošne določbe Zakona o kazenskem postopku, ki dokaj strogo opredeljujejo pravila izključitve protipravno pridobljenih dokazov, v 8. točki prvega odstavka 371. člena Zakona o kazenskem postopku določajo, da je podana bistvena kršitev določb kazenskega postopka, "če se sodba opira na dokaz, ki je bil pridobljen s kršitvijo z ustavo določenih človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin ali na dokaz, na katerega se po določbah tega zakona sodba ne more opirati, ali na dokaz, ki je bil pridobljen na podlagi takega nedovoljenega dokaza."

Poleg tega je določba 15. člena Konvencije proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju po določbah drugega odstavka 8. člena in prvega odstavka 15. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije neposredno uporabna v sodnih ali drugih postopkih v Sloveniji. Na dodatni izvedbeni (zakonski) ravni to potrjujejo tudi določbe 87. člena Zakona o zunanjih zadevah, po katerih se v primeru, če so določbe mednarodne pogodbe v nasprotju z zakonom ali drugim predpisom, Vlada Republike Slovenije začne postopek za spremembo ali dopolnitev zakona ali drugega predpisa

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oziroma za spremembo ali odpoved mednarodne pogodbe, do odločitve pristojnega organa pa se uporablja mednarodna pogodba in torej ne zakon ali drug predpis Republike Slovenije, ki je z določbami mednarodne pogodbe v neskladju.

16. člen

38. Ob upoštevanju predhodnih sklepnih ugotovitev odbora39 vas prosimo, da zagotovite podrobne podatke o ukrepih, ki so bili sprejeti, da se odpravi grobo ravnanje policistov in drugih javnih uslužbencev, zlasti kadar je etnično motivirano. Prosimo, da zagotovite tudi podrobne podatke o tem, ali so bili zasnovani načini za zbiranje podatkov in spremljanje pojavljanja takih dejanj.

Na podlagi 28. člena Zakona o policiji ima vsak posameznik, ki meni, da so bile s policistovim dejanjem ali opustitvijo dejanja kršene pravice ali svoboščine pravico, da se lahko v 30 dneh od trenutka, ko je izvedel za kršitev, pritoži na ministrstvo ali policijo. Poleg pritožbe ima posameznik za uveljavljanje svojih pravic na razpolago vsa redna in izredna pravna sredstva.

Policija si prizadeva za odpravo vseh grdih ravnanj z državljani v najširšem pomenu besede. V primeru zaznave razlogov za sum, da je policist storil kakršnokoli kaznivo dejanje, smo v policiji vzpostavili sistem, v katerem o vseh razlogih za sum storitve kaznivih dejanj, obveščamo Specializirani oddelek, ki deluje v Skupini državnih tožilcev za pregon organiziranega kriminala pri Vrhovnem državnem tožilstvu Republike Slovenije, ki je od 1. 11. 2007 stvarno in krajevno pristojen za pregon vseh kaznivih dejanj, ki jih storijo uradne osebe, zaposlene v policiji in je bil ustanovljen prav z namenom neodvisne in nepristranske obravnave teh kaznivih dejanj. V primerih potrjenih razlogov za sum se izvajajo tudi vsi postopki v skladu z delovnopravno zakonodajo.

Vodstvo slovenske policije si prizadeva za dosledno spoštovanje človekovih pravic v vseh fazah policijskih postopkov ter tudi za to, da vsi policisti prijavljajo morebitna groba ravnanja svojih sodelavcev v postopkih z državljani. K temu jih zavezuje tudi novi Kodeks policijske etike, ki je bil sprejet v letu 2008, njegov bistveni namen pa je ozaveščanje policistov o pomenu spoštovanja etičnih načel in krepitvi etičnega oziroma moralnega ravnanja v praksi. Kodeks policijske etike v svojih določbah vzpostavlja pogoje tako za dobronamerno kritiko kot za odpravljanje lažne solidarnosti. V letih 2009 in 2010 je bil v slovenski policiji izveden tudi projekt krepitve integritete policistov, v okviru katerega so bili vsi policisti seznanjeni z načeli etičnega ravnanja ter varovanja in spoštovanja človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin ter preprečevanja nasilja, nečloveškega ravnanja in drugih ravnanj, ki so ponižujoča do ljudi. K takšnim ravnanjem policiste zavezujeta tudi Evropski kodeks policijske etike in Kodeks ravnanja javnih uslužbencev, ki velja tudi za policiste, in javnim uslužbencem

39 Glejte: CAT/C/CR/30/4, 6. odstavek73

nalaga tudi dolžnost prijave nezakonitih ali kaznivih dejanj pristojnim organom.

Policija seveda izvaja zbiranje podatkov glede teh ravnanj in so vsebovani v splošnih statistikah Policije. Ne vsebujejo pa ti podatki informacij o etnični pripadnosti žrtev morebitnih prekoračitev policijskih pooblastil s strani Policije oziroma mučenja ali drugih oblik krutega ravnanja, kot je že bilo navedeno v odgovoru na vprašanje št. 5.

Za ilustracijo delovanja Policije Slovenije navajamo nasprotni primer, ko je policija branila pripadnike določene skupnosti v Sloveniji pred nasiljem njihovih številnih sosedov, saj je tudi to delovanje Policije sistemsko pomembno z vidika njenega poslanstva, ki vključuje tako zakonitost kot enakopravno obravnavanje. V jesenskih mesecih leta 2006 je namreč prišlo v naselju Ambrus do zaostrenih razmer med domačini in pred več leti priseljeno romsko družino. Vzrok zaostritve je bil fizični napad na domačina, ki se je končal s hudimi posledicami za domačina in pa tudi druga protipravna ravnanja nekaterih članov romske družine. Domačini so ob podpori prebivalcev okoliških krajev večkrat protestirali in nameravali nasilno pregnati romsko družino. Policija je v primerih javnih zbiranj domačinov z izvajanjem policijskih postopkov preprečevala zbrani množici, da bi pregnala romsko družino. Ob tem so policisti v nemirih, ki so jih povzročili nekateri posamezniki, morali z neposrednim izvajanjem postopkov za vzdrževanje javnega reda zagotoviti varnost pripadnikom romske družine. Zaradi izvedbe teh nalog so mediji ostro kritizirali delo policije, ki naj ne bi delovala skladno z nalogami in pooblastili policije, naj bi pooblastila prekoračila. Posamezniki izmed protestnikov so celo vložili kazenske ovadbe zoper policijo. Ker se je kasneje izkazalo, da so bile vložene krive ovadbe, na sodišču zoper te osebe še poteka kazenski postopek. Zoper več posameznikov na sodišču poteka tudi kazenski postopek zaradi napada na policiste.

Kot neke vrste primerjavo s prejšnjim primerom ukrepanja Policije podajamo še primer enega drugega ukrepanja Policije, ki sicer ni povezan z vprašanjem etnične motivacije, ampak je podan le kot ilustracija zakonitega in profesionalnega ukrepanja ob množičnih neredih, ki vključujejo kršitev zakonov. Dne 19. 5. 2010 je večja množica mladih protestirala pred poslopjem Državnega zbora Republike Slovenije (Parlament). Sprva mirni protest se je izrodil v nasilne demonstracije, na katerih so posamezniki iz množice z različnimi nevarnimi predmeti obmetavali poslopje Državnega zbora in policiste, ter povzročili veliko premoženjsko škodo in telesno poškodovali več policistov. Glede na okoliščine bi policija lahko protestnike nasilno razgnala in zoper njih množično uporabila prisilna sredstva, vendar se je policija na podlagi ocene stanja na kraju samem odločila, da iz množice izloči le najbolj nasilne posameznike, zoper katere so bile nato podane kazenske ovadbe zaradi kaznivega dejanja poškodovanja tuje stvari in kaznivega dejanja napada na policiste, ali pa je bil zoper njih izveden postopek o prekršku zaradi nespoštovanja določb Zakona o javnih zbiranjih in Zakona o varstvu javnega reda in miru. Tudi v tem primeru so nekateri mediji takšno ravnanje policije

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označili kot neprimerno, ker policija ni uporabila hujših prisilnih sredstev, ki bi jih glede na dane okoliščine lahko. Pri posredovanju so policisti uporabili najmilejša prisilna sredstva in nihče od protestnikov ni bil telesno poškodovan.

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Committee against Torture Forty-fifth session 1-19 November 2010

List of issues to be considered during the examination of the third periodic report of SLOVENIA (CAT/C/SVN/3)

Articles 1 and 4

1. Please provide detailed information on the new provision defining and criminalizing torture provided for in article 265 the Penal Code adopted in 200840, especially if it contains all the elements specified in article 1 of the Convention41.

The new criminal offence of Torture referred to in Article 265 of the new Criminal Code of 2008 reads as follows:

"TortureArticle 265

(1) Whoever intentionally causes severe pain or suffering to another person, either physically or mentally, in order to obtain information or a confession from him, or a third person, or punishes him for an act committed by him or a third person, or which is suspected of having been committed by him or a third person, with a view to intimidate him or putting him under pressure, or to intimidate a third person or to put such person under pressure, or for any reason which is based on any form of violating equal status,

shall be punished by imprisonment of one up to ten years.

(2) If the pain and suffering referred to in the preceding paragraph is caused or committed by an official person or any other person acting in official capacity, or on his initiative, or upon his expressed consent, or tacitly,

he shall be punished by imprisonment of three up to twelve years."

The Republic of Slovenia is of the opinion that the new criminal offence of torture pursuant to Article 265 of the Criminal Code incorporates all the elements specified in the Article 1 of the Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment or conduct. Moreover, criminal attempt, aiding and abetting as well as criminal

40 Official Gazette 55/2008.41 According to the National Report submitted in accordance with paragraph 15 (A) of the Annex to Human Rights Council Resolution 5/1, the new Slovenian Penal Code stipulated an independent criminal offence of Torture (Article 265). However the exact content of the provision is not indicated. See A/HRC/WG.6/7SVN/1, para. 38.

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solicitation are also punishable within the limits of the penalties prescribed for the offence.The Republic of Slovenia is currently also planning to prepare additional amendments to the Criminal Code, which are expected to be submitted to the National Assembly (Parliament) for adoption in the first half of 2011, and which will ensure that the criminal offence of torture referred to in Article 265 of the Criminal Code shall be transferred from the Chapter on Crimes Against Official Duty and Public Powers into the more appropriate Chapter of the Criminal Code on Criminal Offences Against Human Rights and Freedoms.

2. In light of the Committee’s previous concluding observations, in which it expressed concern about the fact that torture is subject to a statute of limitation and that acts of ill-treatment are subject to a short statute of limitation in Slovenian criminal legislation,42 please provide information on the steps taken to repeal the statute of limitation for torture and increase the limitation period for other types of ill-treatment. Please indicate how the new Penal Code, adopted in 2008, addresses these issues.

The Criminal Code adopted in 2008 provides considerably longer limitation periods for criminal prosecution (Article 90). According to the third indent of the first paragraph of Article 90 of the Criminal Code, the criminal offence referred to in the first paragraph of Article 265 of the Criminal Code is subject to the limitation period of twenty years, and for the qualified form referred to in the second paragraph of Article 265 of the Criminal Code, according to the second indent of the first paragraph of Article 90 of the Criminal Code, a limitation period of thirty years. According to the fourth indent of the first paragraph of Article 90 of the Criminal Code the criminal offence of Maltreatment (ill-treatment) of children (Article 192 of the Criminal Code) is now subject to a limitation period of ten years, and a criminal offence against a minor is now subject to the special limitation rule, according to which the limitation period begins from the age of majority of the injured party (victim of a crime).

Article 243

3. Please provide detailed information on the brochure “Notice of rights to the person who has been arrested” published by the Slovenian Police as well as on the “Notice of rights in case of deprivation of liberty”, published in 22 languages, specially if they have been amended according to the observations of the Slovenian Human

42 See CAT/C/CR/30/4, para. 5.43 The issues raised under article 2 could imply also different articles of the Convention, including but not limited to article 16. As General Comment n°2, paragraph 3, states "The obligation to prevent torture in article 2 is wide-ranging. The obligations to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (hereinafter “ill-treatment”) under article 16, paragraph 1, are indivisible, interdependent and interrelated. The obligation to prevent ill-treatment in practice overlaps with and is largely congruent with the obligation to prevent torture. (...) In practice, the definitional threshold between ill-treatment and torture is often not clear." See further Chapter V of the same General Comment.

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Rights Ombudsman in his regular annual report for 2004 (para. 73-74).44

In early 2009, a new brochure – the "Notice of Rights to the Person Who Has Been Arrested” - was prepared for all police forces, (available at police stations, specifically in every detention centre and other areas where procedures are carried out with persons who have been arrested). The brochure, which is also available in electronic format on the Police force’s web site,45 also takes into account the observations of the Slovenian Human Rights Ombudsman.

The brochure on the notice of the rights to the person who has been arrested or detained includes the following information and legal instructions:

»The person who has been arrested on the territory of the Republic of Slovenia in accordance with the law of the Republic of Slovenia shall enjoy fundamental human rights and freedoms stipulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, International Conventions and other documents regulating the conduct of police officers dealing with arrested persons.

Upon the arrest, police officers are obliged to inform you of your procedural rights. As, due to various circumstances, you might not be fully aware of or completely understand your statutory rights, we would like to give you short written information on these rights and the way of guaranteeing and exercising them:

The person detained on the basis of the Police Act, the Minor Offences Act, the Criminal Procedure Act or pursuant to the State Border Control Act must be immediately informed, in their mother tongue or another language they understand, that they have been arrested, as well as given the reasons for the arrest and instructed that they do not have to say anything, that they have the right to immediate legal assistance and an attorney of their choice and that they may demand that their closest relatives be informed of their arrest.

If the arrested person is an alien, they must also be informed, in their mother tongue or another language they understand, that they have the right to demand that the appropriate diplomatic/consular representative office of their country of origin be informed of their arrest.

The police officer may not proceed until the arrival of the attorney; however, if no attorney arrives within two hours of the moment the person was informed of the right to have an attorney, the police officer may proceed.

44 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 9.45 See: http://www.policija.si/images/stories/DelovnaPodrocja/pooblastila/PDF/obvestilo-o-pravicah-osebe.pdf [footnote by the Republic of Slovenia]

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If any postponement might prevent or jeopardize the action, the police officer may immediately bring in or detain the person or take other actions in accordance with the law.

During the entire period of the arrest procedure, the detained person shall have the right to remain silent, the right to an attorney and the right to have the diplomatic/ consular representative office informed. These rights can be exercised immediately or at any later moment during detention, regardless of the fact that they might have been previously waived.

The right to immediate legal assistance of an attorney means that the arrested person may directly orally communicate with their attorney, freely and without supervision, during a visit, by phone or by mail. The police officer must ensure that the attorney is able to communicate freely with such person and should not listen to the conversation between the attorney and the arrested person, although they may supervise them visually.

If the arrested person, given their financial situation, cannot afford an attorney, they may apply for free legal assistance pursuant to the Free Legal Aid Act. Outside normal working hours of the office for free legal aid, the allocation of an attorney is considered as emergency free legal aid in the form of a first legal advice. If subsequently free legal aid is not approved, the costs of the first legal advice are paid by the person themselves.

The person who has been arrested shall also enjoy other rights, which they can exercise or which have to be guaranteed to them during the arrest, namely:

- The right to be examined, at their own expense, by a medical practitioner of their choice. Medical examinations must be carried out without the presence of the police officers, unless otherwise requested by the medical practitioner. Should the person require urgent medical assistance, the police must make sure that it is provided to them pursuant to the law governing urgent medical assistance.

- The right to send a letter to the ombudsman and the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, demanding protection of their rights. They shall have the right to submit their initiative (application, complaint) in a sealed envelope, which means that the police officer does not have the right to inspect the writing (constitutional protection of privacy of correspondence) and is obliged to send the letter to the addressee via regular mail.

- The right to uninterrupted 8-hour rest within the period of 24 hours.- The right to receive meals at appropriate time intervals, which

includes special diets for medical reasons or religious beliefs. - The right to permanent access to drinking water.- The person must be treated in a humane way. Their privacy and

dignity must be respected. They should not be subjected to torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

- Force may only be used when it cannot be avoided and is in line with the applicable legal provisions.«

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4. Following the concern expressed by the Committee in its previous concluding observations on the absence of adequate guarantees of the right of persons deprived of liberty to have access to an independent doctor from the outset of their custody,46 the State party introduced on 26 October 2005 a formal provision guaranteeing detainees access to a doctor. However, according to the Report of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment on its 2006 visit to Slovenia, detainees are not properly informed of such right.47 Please provide information on the measures adopted to guarantee that persons deprived of their liberty are informed of their rights, including access to a doctor, access to a lawyer and the right to contact a member of their family.

Every person has a right, in practice, that a physician that she/he chooses, performs a medical examination of him/her, at her own expense. Physicians` examinations must be performed without a presence of police officers, unless a physician requests otherwise. If a person requires urgent medical aid, the police has to take care that it is assured in accordance with regulations that regulate urgent medical aid, and the cost are borne by the state. This area is regulated by Article 44.a of the Police Act. No special measures were introduced, since we do not record complaints by the detained persons or their lawyers in this respect.

Additionally, the answer to this question is provided in the answer to the preceding question; all detained persons are additionally also orally informed of their right of access to a doctor, a lawyer, a family member and consular assistance (in cases of foreign nationals). In adittion to this, both the Criminal Procedure Act and the Police Act provide for the right of access to counsel, moreover the Criminal Procedure Act and the Minor Offences Act also regulate the right to consular legal assistance.

5. Please indicate if mechanisms have been devised to collect process and save data on the ethnicity of victims, excessive use of force and unlawful conduct of police officers48 and, if so, please provide the Committee with the relevant up-dated disaggregated statistical data.

The Republic of Slovenia retains its previous position that the processing of personal data on the national origin of victims and persons who have committed criminal offences or other violations (minor offences) should not be introduced as it would constitute a disproportionate means, and as such would most probably be unconstitutional as regards to the right to protection of personal data, and the right to human dignity (we refer to the decision of the

46 See CAT/C/CR/30/4, para. 5.47 CPT/Inf (2008) 7, para. 22.48 According to the State party Report, chapter four of the Police Act (Gathering Protection and Securing of Data) provides that the Police is not allowed to collect process and save data on nationality or ethnic affiliation. (para. 5

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Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia of 2002 – Decision of the Constitutional Court, No. U-I-92/01, 28th February 2002), as this would not be a "necessary" (!) administrative task in terms of the principle of proportionality in a democratic society’s perspective. An independent statistical survey made by one of the non-governmental organisations of 200449 illustrates an example of one of the constitutionally recognised ethnic community and states in their opinion that even if there might be certain, hardly recognizable, adverse deviations of police and public prosecutor’s conduct in procedures against members of this community, judiciary acchieves equal (fair) treatment, which, if anything, is in favour of this community, and therefore judicial proceedings finally as rule serve also as prevention of the emergence of discriminatory status.

As regards the issue of the excessive use of force by police officers or unlawful conduct by police officers a detailed answer is provided under indent 7.

6. In the light of the Committee’s previous concluding observations,50

please indicate if and how the safeguards provided for in the Code of Criminal Procedure against torture and ill-treatment have been strengthened. Please also provide updated information, disaggregated by sex, age, ethnicity or origins of the victims, on the number of complaints, investigations, prosecutions, convictions and sentences imposed in cases of acts of torture.

The Republic of Slovenia preliminarily states that in investigating and controlling all forms of ill-treatment, such as, torture, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment, or excessive use of coercive powers, in connection of which information, reports or complaints occur indicating that they have been carried out by public officials, the police, or those with other similar coercive powers (the military police, judicial police officers in institutions for serving prison sentences, private security guards, and the like…), it is necessary to derive from the fact that every such allegation should be thoroughly investigated or subject to surveillance, or even preventive controls of those most likely locations where such alleged ill-treatment could occur - the detention centres and other areas where procedures are carried out involving persons who had been arrested.

A more detailed response in respect of certain new system safeguards against torture is given in response no. 7 (Specialised Department operating at the Office of the State Prosecutor General’s Office of the Republic of Slovenia). Implementing these new safeguards required four legislative changes (two legislative amendments of the Criminal Procedure Act and two legislative amendments of the State Prosecutor Act in 2007). The Republic of Slovenia is currently unable to provide updated information, disaggregated by sex, age, ethnicity or

49 Enakost in diskiriminacija - Sodobni izzivi za pravosodje [Equality and dsicrimination - Contemporary Challenges for the Justice System], Dean Zagorac et.al., Mirovni inštitut, Ljubljana, 2005, pp. 75-76. [footnote by the Republic of Slovenia].50 CAT/C/CR/30/4, para. 6.

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origins of the victims, except in the case indicated in response to Question no. 7. As already indicated in response to Question no. 5, data on the ethnicity or ethnic origin of victims is not processed.

Additionally, the Republic of Slovenia established a new, additional supervisory mechanism for the detection or prevention of torture and other cruel treatments in 2006. Upon the ratification of the "Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment," the Republic of Slovenia, within the framework of implementation of the Act ratifying the aforementioned Optional Protocol (adopted in 2006), provided for that the Human Rights Ombudsman has to include representatives of non-governmental human rights organisations (which are registered in the Republic of Slovenia, or humanitarian organisations recognized by the legal system of the Republic of Slovenia) in the monitoring groups exercising control over conduct with all persons deprived or limited of their liberty located in places of detention. These non-governmental and humanitarian organisations are selected by the Human Rights Ombudsman following a public tender procedure. Members of selected organisations perform the supervisory and monitoring tasks together with representatives of the Ombudsman, yet completely independently. Specific implementing regulations also regulate the issue of reimbursement and symbolic awards for their work (i.e. for producing reports). This new system reinforced independent control, both in terms of human resources and finance, the effectiveness of such control, and its legitimacy.

The aforementioned mechanism for cooperation of the Human Rights Ombudsman with non-governmental and humanitarian organisations in exercising control over places of deprivation of liberty became operational in 2007, and has proven to be very successful. There has been a significant increase in the number of exercised controls.51

7. Please provide detailed information on the specialised department recently established within state prosecutors assigned to prosecute organised crime, under the Office of the State Prosecutor General, in order to pursue independent investigation of criminal offences of which police officers are suspected.52 Please also provide information on any other measure undertaken to guarantee prompt, effective and impartial investigations into allegations of torture and ill-treatment perpetrated by police officer and other public officials.

7.a General Comments on the Specialised Department

51 See: Human Rights Ombudsman of the Republic of Slovenia, Report of the Human Rights Ombudsman of the Republic of Slovenia on the implementation of the tasks of the National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment for the year 2008) http://www.varuh-rs.si/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/DPM/DPM_-_porocilo__za_leto_2008_-_zadnje.pdfHuman Rights Ombudsman of the Republic of Slovenia, 2009 Report - National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment) http://www.varuh-rs.si/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/DPM/DPM_-_porocilo_-_okt2010_WEB.pdf [footnote by the Republic of Slovenia]52 See A/HRC/WG.6/7/SVN/1, para. 40.

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The Specialised Department operates within The State Prosecution Service to prosecute organised crime at the Office of the State Prosecutor General, which is the highest state prosecutor's office within The Republic of Slovenia, It exercises exclusive territorial and substantive powers to prosecute crimes committed at work or outside of work by officials that exercise the powers of the police force in pre-trial criminal procedures. The aforementioned Specialised Department began exercising its competences, tasks and duties on 1st November, 2007. It was established by 2007 amendments to the State Prosecutor Act and Code of Criminal Procedure. The impetus for the establishment was the the Judgement of the 2006 European Court of Human Rights in the case Matko v. Slovenia.

The complete (not only organisational) separation of the Specialised Department from the police force provides conditions for an independent, impartial and effective investigation of criminal offences and the prosecution of perpetrators.

In 2009, 256 cases against 316 persons involving those with police powers whilst facilitating pre-trial criminal procedures were referred to the police officers/investigators of the Specialised Department. 315 of the investigated persons with police powers were employees of the police and one of them was an employee of the Ministry of Defence. In the same year, work was completed on 69 cases that were started in previous years, investigating 102 persons (99 persons with police powers, employees of the police, and three employees at The Ministry of Defence). After completing the investigation, the police officers/investigators of the Specialised Department submitted 80 criminal complaints against 95 suspects, and in 196 cases submitted reports against 273 persons. One criminal complaint was made against an unknown perpetrator, an employee at The Ministry of Defence. Among the 256 cases dealt with in 2009 by the police officers/investigators of the Specialised Department, 67 % of these cases are criminal offences related to exercising police powers, from which almost 35 % (102 cases) represent the most commonly addressed criminal offence of violating human dignity through the misuse of official position and official rights pursuant to Article 266 of the Criminal Code. Other frequently investigated criminal offences are: 36 cases of the criminal offences of the misuse of official position or official rights pursuant to Article 257 of the Criminal Code, 17 cases of unconscientious work performance pursuant to Article 258 of the Criminal Code, and 14 cases of falsification or destruction of official documents, books, papers or archives pursuant to Article 259 of the Criminal Code. Criminal offences committed by officials outside of their work included, for example, the criminal offence of Threatening the Security of Another Person pursuant to Article 135 of the Criminal Code. In 2009, The Specialised Department made seven requests for judicial investigation, 60 direct indictments, and four indictments after the judicial investigation has been completed. Procedures against five suspects were completed with suspension of prosecutions. In 2009, there were 21 judgements issued: seven of them after completed main hearings, and 14 based on punitive orders. 19 judgments were convictions, one was acquittal, one was a judgment of discontinuation of proceedings. 13 convictions became final by the end of

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2009. A financial penalty was imposed in ten cases, conditional sentences in eight, and in one case, a prison sentence was imposed. The latter case was the criminal offence of Causing a traffic accident through negligence pursuant to Article 325 Criminal Code.

Adoption of a new State Prosecutor Act is planned in 2011. The amendments would, inter alia, establish a new District State Prosecutor's Office of The Republic of Slovenia – a Specialised State Prosecutor's Office for The Republic of Slovenia. The Department for investigating and prosecuting the misuse of coercive powers shall operate within the framework of this new state prosecutor's office as an independent internal organisational unit with a special position. This special department will operate on the principle of technical and operational autonomy in accordance with provisions of the State Prosecutor Act. The department will have only territorial and substantive jurisdiction for criminal offences, when committed by:

– Officials of the Police; – Officials of the Ministry of the Interior that exercise police powers

pursuant to the Police Act; – Officials of the Military Police;– Officials that exercise police powers in pre-trial criminal procedures, who

are deployed on missions abroad;– Officials of the Intelligence and Security Authority of the Ministry of

Defence; – Officials of the Slovenian Intelligence and Security Agency.

The department will continue to employ its own police officers subordinated to state prosecutors of the Specialised State Prosecutor's Office of Republic of Slovenia and to investigate criminal offences of officials with coercive powers.

This new reform in the field of The Office of the State Prosecutor General, which also includes the reform of the criminal investigation of officials with coercive powers, represents an upgrade of the suitable existing system of investigating such crimes as of 1st November, 2007, since this areas deserves additional legal and organisational autonomy and specialization, which should further contribute to the effective investigation of crimes committed by officials with coercive powers.

7. b The Area of Defence

Military Police officers exercise police powers in pre-trial criminal proceedings over members of the armed forces of the Republic of Slovenia, and also over civilians located in buildings and districts of special importance for defence. When there are grounds for suspecting that an officer of the military police has committed a crime that is prosecuted ex officio, police officers assigned to the Group of State Prosecutors for prosecution of organised crime have the powers of the police engaged in pre-trial criminal procedures pursuant to Article 158.a. of the Criminal Procedure Act. Police officers assigned to the Group must immediately inform the competent State Prosecutor of their suspicion,

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and report regularly on the pre-trial criminal procedure to the Group on a regular basis.

In the event that an individual military police officer is suspected of committing a criminal offence that is prosecuted ex officio, the state prosecutors assigned to prosecute organised crime shall promptly be informed regarding such matters, either by the alleged victim (who files a report with the Police, and the latter will hand the report to the state prosecutors assigned to prosecute organised crime), or the competent persons within the Military police.

Separately and independently from the process undertaken by the Group of State Prosecutors for prosecution of organised crime, it is possible to take disciplinary action against a military police officer suspected of committing criminal offence.

8. Please provide information on the measures taken to avoid long periods of detention in case of particularly protracted proceedings. Please also provide detailed information on the cases in which courts ordered detention even after the expiry of the admissible period within an individual can be detained and on which legal basis this is done.53

Unconstitutionally long periods of detention have been abolished. In the period between 1995 and 1998, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia (in constitutional complaint procedures) developed its case-law with regards to the period of detention, as well as on alternative forms for providing the presence of the accused at criminal proceedings (especially home confinement). Furthermore, the precedent (semi "pilot") judgment of the European Court of Human Rights was issued in 2005 in the case of Lukenda v. Slovenia, which ruled that there is no effective remedy in Slovenia available to protect the right to a trial within a reasonable time (first paragraph of Article 6 with respect to Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights). As a result, the project referred to as Elimination of Court Backlogs (the Lukenda Project) was adopted in 2005 at the state level in cooperation between the Government, the National Assembly, and judiciary, under which court backlogs have almost been eliminated. On the basis of this project, the implementation of which is extended to 31.12.2012, court backlogs should be fully eliminated by the end of 2012.

The issue of a maximum time limit or a restriction of the detention period for ensuring presence of the accused at the criminal trial within the framework of criminal proceedings (the issue of the avoidance of the accused to be present at the main hearing in criminal proceedings before the criminal court) was solved with a "test case" in 2007. In 2007, the Local Court of Ljubljana ruled on its decision that the provision of the second paragraph of Article 307 of the Criminal Procedure Act that provides for a maximum duration of detention of 30 days should be interpreted and used in absolute terms. The maximum period of 30 days can mean only 30 days. Any other interpretation of this provision would constitute unlawful interference with the accused person's right to personal liberty. The State Prosecutor's Office made

53 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 23-25.85

appealed this decision before the Higher court of Ljubljana (Order No. II Kp 326/2007 of 13 June 2007). However, it made a test ruling that the decision of the District Court of Ljubljana was correct, since any other interpretation could indicate that such a cyclic detention could last indefinitely.

9. According to the 2008 Report of the Slovenian Human Rights Ombudsman54 and the CPT Report on its 2006 visit to Slovenia55, conditions of detention remain in some prisons critical. Please provide detailed information about the most recent steps taken to improve conditions of detention and particularly to address overcrowding in prisons and excessive use of force by the police, especially against members of ethnic minorities. In relation to the “intolerable” conditions of detention of persons suffering from mental disturbances or illness, please update the Committee on the discussions between the ministries of health and justice on opening a forensic psychiatric hospital.56

9.a Concerning the situation in institutions for serving prison sentences

The Republic of Slovenia initially states that in order to relieve overcrowding at the existing location of the Ljubljana Prison, a decision was adopted restricting the upper limit of the acceptable number of prisoners to 245. All prisoners exceeding that limit by number have been gradually redistributed to other locations, or shall be transferred as soon as the set number of prisoners is exceeded. The overcrowding issue is also solved by closely monitoring trends in the number of prisoners, and to the extent possible, continuous transfers of prisoners from more occupied to less occupied rooms, departments and prisons, whilst also taking other measures to reduce the negative effects of overcrowding in prisons. After five years of continuous increase in the number of prisoners, this decreased in 2010 for the first time in relation to the previous year by approximately 4 %.

As we have already responded to the recommendation of the CPT57, we state that the activities to build a new prison in Ljubljana at an appropriate alternative location are ongoing. Land had already been acquired The new prison will eradicate the spatial problems and overcrowding we face at present. A work project has been made, the project was introduced into the development program plan, and a public architectural tender is in preparation.

54 2008 Human Rights Ombudsman Report, page 40. See also 2008 Human Rights Ombudsman Report on the implementation of the tasks of the National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional protocol to the UN Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment or punishment.55 CPT/Inf (2008) 7, section 3.56 See 2008 Human Rights Ombudsman Report, page 17.57 See »Response of the Slovenian Government to the Report of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment on its visit to Slovenia« [footnote by the Republic of Slovenia].

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Despite the objective overcrowding, the Ljubljana Prison endeavours to allow its prisoners normal conditions and the ability to active serve their sentence as actively as possible within the limits of its space and active staff. Expert advisers encourage detained persons to actively use their leisure time. They provide them with the necessary material for drawing, painting and correspondence. They are also allowed to borrow books from the prison library. Detained persons have access to pastoral activity. They are visited by a priest on a regular basis. Significantly longer periods of time that can be spent by prisoners outside of the prison (with additional activities) will be ensured by building the new Ljubljana Prison.

Additionally, the first phase of renovation of The Dob Prison is also being implemented, including, in particular, the construction of two new residential buildings in the closed part of the Prison with a total capacity of 174 beds, which is expected to be completed in the first half of 2011. This will significantly improve housing conditions in the closed part of the Institute, and eradicate the issue of overcrowding, since these newly constructed buildings will accommodate prisoners from currently overcrowded bedrooms.

Within Dob Prison, the new Puščava Open Department has been established at a new location with a current capacity of 17 persons. This way, overcrowdedness issue of the closed part of The Dob Prison has been diminished, since it is now possible to assign more convicts to the Slovenska vas Semi-open department in, where capacities were freed up due to the transfer of convicts to the Puščava Open Department. Additionally, the new open department created conditions for a higher quality of work with prisoners, most of whom are employed by private enterprises in the vicinity of the prison.

Special attention was also devoted to alternative forms of custodial sentencing, especially to the one referred to as "Weekend Jail", which is under the responsibility of the Prison Administration of The Republic of Slovenia (body within the Ministry of Justice). In this case, the Director of the Prison may allow the prisoners who meet certain statutory conditions to remain in their jobs or educational relationship and stay at home, except on holidays, usually weekends, when they need to stay in prison. The number of such sentences in the last two years has increased as 25 inmates undertook the aforementioned alternative form of custodial sentence in 2009, and 58 in 2010.

9. b Concerning the Establishment of a Special Forensic Psychiatric Hospital

An Inter-Ministerial Task Group was appointed in April 2010 with a mandate to examine and prepare the basis for the establishment of a Special Forensic Psychiatric Hospital in Slovenia, has produced a final report, and has submitted the proposal to establish a Forensic Psychiatric Department within Maribor Psychiatric Hospital.

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Preparatory work, studies, and formal procedures for the establishment of the forensic department at psychiatric hospital, which is expected to be established by the end of 2011, are currently under way.

10. Notwithstanding the adoption of the Domestic Violence Prevention Act in 2008, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women expressed concern on the continuing prevalence of violence against women and girls and the high number of women murdered by their intimate partners.58 Please provide information if, as recommended by CEDAW, steps have been taken to develop a comprehensive strategy or action plan to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls and if an effective institutional mechanism to coordinate, monitor and assess the effectiveness of the measures taken. Please also provide updated information disregarded by sex, age, ethnicity or origins of the victims, on the number of complaints, investigations, prosecutions, convictions and sentences imposed in cases of violence against women.

In 2009, The Republic of Slovenia adopted a Resolution on the prevention of domestic violence for the period 2009-2014. It is a strategic document that sets objectives, measures and defines the key policy makers necessary to prevent and reduce domestic violence in Slovenia for a five-year period. The primary objectives of this document are to link the measures available to the departments, and to ensure effective action to reduce domestic violence, both at the recognition and prevention level. The 2010 two-year Action Plan which followed the adoption of the Resolution provides for a more transparent use of public resources to reduce violence, and targeted action by the competent authorities for specific target groups.

As regards the network of maternity homes, safe houses and shelters, we completed the National Social Security Programme by 2010 (the plan included 350 places: we achieved a number of approximately 360 places). We intend to expand the network as necessary (at least 1 crisis centre for adults in Ljubljana, 1 safe house in Ljubljana, and 1 safe house in the Coastal-Karst region, which is expected to become operational in mid-2011). Special attention will be focused on programs working with the perpetrators of violence. Currently, two programs are being implemented. This is however not enough according to the assessment of the centres of social assistance. Special attention will be focused on programs to assist elderly victims of violence who are often very helpless because of their frequent dependence on others in carrying out the basic tasks as well as because of weak social networks.

A safe house also accepts women who are experiencing any form of violence; children may also come with them. In addition, a safe house accepts male children under 15 years of age, or exceptionally up to the completion of primary schooling.

58 See CEDAW/C/SVN/CO/4, para. 23.88

In 2010, centre of social assistence dealt with 1928 cases of domestic violence with 2975 victims and 1845 perpetrators. In most cases these centres dealt with psychological violence (in 1694 cases) and physical violence (in 1460 cases). Victims included 860 juveniles, 290 victims were aged over 60 years. Most perpetrators of domestic violence in relation to the victim were partners (1082), parents (460), children (292), and ex-partners (278). Amongst all cases of violence, Social Affairs Inspection Service received 13 initiatives for emergency control in 2010.

11. Please provide detailed information on the measures undertaken to prevent and combat human trafficking as well as to ensure that victims of human trafficking have access to effective remedies and reparation and are provided with adequate recovery and social integration services and programmes. Please also provide updated information disregarded by sex, age, ethnicity or origins of the victims, on the number of complaints, investigations, prosecutions, convictions and sentences imposed in cases of human trafficking.

General information

Already in 2001, the Republic of Slovenia started to participate actively in countering trafficking in human beings when a National Coordinator was appointed for that purpose. In the light of these developments and a growing scope of obligations the Inter-Ministerial Task Group was established in 2003 by the Slovene Government’s Decision (No. 240-05/2003-1, as of 18 December 2003). The Group is composed of the representatives of Ministries and other government bodies, and members of national non-governmental organisations (NGOs). At the same time the Group’s mandate and the list of its tasks were defined. This was the basis for drawing up Action Plans which were confirmed by the government for the period of two years. The Plans are based on the preventive and protective operation of all bodies and organisations that are represented in the Inter-Ministerial Task Group for the fight against THB. Plans are also based on training and international cooperation of professional staff, officials and volunteers working in the area of THB. The Inter-Ministerial Task Group informs the Slovenian Government of its activities in regular annual reports.

Legislation

All forms of trafficking are prohibited in Slovenia in accordance with Article 113 of the Criminal Code. The specific offence of trafficking in persons was determined in Slovenia in 2004. In May 2008, the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia (the Parliament) adopted the new Criminal Code (it entered into force on 1 November 2008), which also included the increase of the maximum punishment for trafficking to 15 years of imprisonment.

Criminal Code of 2008, Article 113 – criminal offence of Trafficking in Persons provides:

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"Trafficking in PersonsArticle 113

(1) Whoever purchases another person, takes possession of them, accommodates them, transports them, sells them, delivers them or disposes of them in any other way, or acts as a broker in such operations, for the purpose of the exploitation of prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour, enslavement, servitude or trafficking in organs, human tissues or blood,

shall be punished by imprisonment of one up to ten years.

(2) If an offence from the previous paragraph was committed against a minor or with force, threat, deception, kidnapping or abuse of a subordinate or person in a dependent position, or with intention of forcing towards pregnancy or artificial insemination,

the perpetrator shall be punished by imprisonment of three up to fifteen years.

(3) The same punishment form the previous paragraph shall be imposed on anyone who commits an offence from the first or second paragraphs of this Article as a member of a criminal association for the implementation of such offences, or if a large property benefit was gained through this offence."

Relevant national legislation aimed to combat Human Trafficking:

- Criminal Code of 2008 (KZ-1) (Article 112 - Placing in a Slavery Condition); and Article 113 listed above.

- Witness Protection Act, which includes provisions referring to the protection of witnesses of trafficking in human beings.

- Criminal Procedure Act according to which a minor victim of a criminal offence of trafficking in human beings shall be entitled to have an authorised person assisting them to represent his/her rights (Article 65).

- State Prosecutor`s Office Act, which envisages that the criminal offences of trafficking in human beings are dealt with by specialized Group of State Prosecutors for the Prosecution of Organized Crime operating within the Office of the State Prosecutor General of the Republic of Slovenia (Article 10).

- Act on Compensation to Crime Victims, which provides for a prior payment of compensation to crime victims from the budget of the Republic of Slovenia, if the victims are the citizens of the Republic of Slovenia or any other EU Member State. This right shall also apply to victims of trafficking in human beings (Article 5).

- Aliens Act, which provides for measures and procedures regarding the arrangement of the status of victims of trafficking in human beings including a three-month reflection period and the possibility to obtain a temporary residence permit (Article 30, 38 a).

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Prevention

Prevention and awareness-raising campaigns target the broader public and the professional community, the specific target groups, potential victims, and the research sector. These activities are carried out continuously, or in the form of one-day campaigns. They may take the form of internet publicizing campaigns, show-casing, discussion panels, training, programmes, and projects. They involve governmental bodies, NGOs, and humanitarian organisations. The resources are either budgetary or donations. The efforts are centred on identification of problems and assistance to victims. Prevention activities include raising awareness among the general public, education and training of experts, raising awareness within target groups – potential victims of THB, carrying out research activities, monitoring of the phenomenon and enhanced control mechanisms with the investigation and prosecution authorities, as well as with other institutions where their activities concern the fight against THB.

- Preventive activities were carried out within the framework of raising awareness among the broader public through the web page of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia, by means of the production of preventive advertising spots, publication of preventive documents, etc. According to the data available, over 40 THB-related articles have published in the Slovenian media per year. Many of those are linked with the procedures of detection and prosecution of criminal offences connected with THB. With regard to the majority of more in-depth contributions or in radio or TV programmes, the national coordinator and the members of the national working group (NWG) have taken part.

- In the field of education and training, common horizontal training regarding the issue of THB aimed at non-governmental organizations and experts coming from the law enforcement authorities took place. Regular vertical training within the framework of individual organizations whose work is connected with THB is organized; and representatives of the aforementioned organizations participate at training sessions organised abroad.

The fact that regular training of police officers (annually approximately 800 police officers) and state prosecutors takes place should be highlighted. In 2009 the Ministry of Justice, through the Centre for the Education in the Justice System, started the training of judges and state prosecutors.

- For other expert communities and employees whose work is linked to the issue of THB, special publications were issued which include translations of the most important international documents as well as collections of expert articles. Individual expert panels were organized which included the issue of THB, namely, for the Slovenian consular posts abroad, for the administrative units staff, representatives of religious communities, Slovenian representatives in military peace missions abroad and for primary and secondary school teachers.

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Lectures at these kinds of consultations are carried out by the representatives of the National Working Group (NWG) for countering THB.

- At the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security regular lectures are held, which are carried out by the National Co-ordinator for countering THB in the capacity of a visiting lecturer.

- Awareness-raising campaigns of the target population are carried out through projects performed by non-governmental organizations which are co-financed by individual ministries. The programme on how to counter THB is carried out by the NGO Ključ in a form of workshops for the youth. In 2009 / 2010, this project was carried out in primary and secondary schools for approximately 775 / 1790 persons between 14 and 18. The same programme is carried out for parents and was implemented for approximately 100 / 300 parents. The programe has been cofinanced by the government.

Victim protection and assistance

Non-governmental and humanitarian organizations with the cooperation of law enforcement, which carry out such programmes through various forms of governmental co-financing, are responsible for this field. For this purpose Protocol on cooperation is used either on the basis of a mutual agreement or a treaty of cooperation.

By ratifying the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings Slovenia assumed the obligations under this regional instrument. The Act on the Ratification of the Convention was enacted in August 2009 and provides for the manner of cooperation between the Slovenian Government and non-governmental or humanitarian organisations, especially in the areas of supplying THB victims, detecting THB victims, housing of the victims in safe premises, crisis placement of the victims, offering assistance and protection to victims during the pre-criminal, criminal and other judicial proceedings, assisting them in the accessing employment, professional training and education, helping to arrange their status in Slovenia, informing and raising awareness among target populations, returning victims to their countries of origin. The organisation who are going to participate in the above-listed activities to offer assistance, will be chosen on the basis of two public competitions, separately conducted by the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs, who also decide on the choice of organisations and whether the deadline for offering services will be two or three years.

The programme on care for victims of THB is also defined in the Action Plan of the NWG and is usualy carried out by the NGO Ključ and Slovenska Karitas. Both organizations were selected to perform activities of care and assistance for victims, on the basis of which public tenders published by responsible ministries and have received funds for the agreed programme from the budget. The programme was carried out within the framework of two projects. By carrying out the

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project “Care of victims of trafficking in human beings in the Republic of Slovenia – emergency accommodation” assistance was provided to victims of THB with regard to their physical, psychological and social recovery. This included urgent removal due to difficult circumstances, mostly by providing adequate accommodation, food and care, psycho-social aid, assistance in providing health care, translation and interpretation, counselling and information about the rights, assistance in proceedings before courts and law enforcement authorities, protection when necessary, assistance in arranging the status and obtaining documents for residence in the Republic of Slovenia, inclusion into education programmes and other measures necessary for socialization and revitalization.

Victims who decided to co-operate in the criminal procedure of THB were included in the second project "Care for victims of trafficking in human beings in the Republic of Slovenia – accommodation in a safe house" which, besides the above mentioned services, includes assistance in arranging residence status in Slovenia in compliance with the Aliens Act and regulations concerning the accommodation in a safe house.

Reflection period; The Aliens Act, Art. 38.a provides that identified foreign victims are granted a reflection period of three-month, which can be extended to a further three-month period. Victims are encouraged to participate in trafficking investigations and assist with the prosecutions of trafficking offenders. A temporary permit residence with the minimum and maximum validity period 6 and 12 months, respectively, is issued if the victim is willing to testify in court as a witness in a criminal proceeding. The same principles apply to trafficked victims who have been employed illegally (the Aliens Act, Article 38.a).

Compensation; It is possible to file a civil suit for compensation related to pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage against the trafficking perpetrator, in accordance with the Obligations Code of 2001. Similar procedure is also possible as an "ancillary procedure" within the context of criminal proceedings - a victim may file (attach) during the criminal proceedings the property-law claim (claim for compensation) against the trafficking perpetrator – in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Act of 1994 and the Criminal Code of 2008.

There is also an additional speedy administrative proceedings for victims of violent offences so that they can get some compensation from the state (the perpetrator then has to reimburse the Budget of the Republic of Slovenia), however due to the European Union directive this is limited only to victims that are citizens (nationals) of the Member States of theEuropean Union and not to citizens of third countries - in accordance with the Act on Compensation to Crime Victims of 2005.

Prosecution

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Information on criminal procedures, sentences and the assistance to THB victims are related exclusively to the illegal activity "THB" according to Art. 113 of the Criminal Code, for the year 2010. The information are harmonised with the Police, state prosecutor's office and non-governmental organisations executing the program of assisting THB victims in the Republic of Slovenia.

2010Table 1: Victims of Trafficking in Human

Beings (THB)women men children Total

Identification of the victimsNumber of victims identified during the year 31 1 1 33Types of exploitation identified victims of THB were subject to:- sexual exploitation 31 1 32- forced labour or services 1 1- slavery or practies similar to slavery - servitude- removal of organs- other

Residence permit Number of victims of THB who were issued a residence permit:- owing to their personal situation- for the purpose of their co-operation with the competent authorities

1 1

Table 2: Criminal proceedings and Sanctions 2010

Criminalisation of trafficking in human beingsNumber of criminal proceedings initiated on grounds of THB

12

Number of convictions for THB 8

Sanctions and measures Number of convictions for THB resulting in penalties involving deprivation of liberty.

8

Duration of penalties on grounds of THB involving deprivation of liberty:- minimum duration 16 months- maximum duration 3 yearsNumber of judgements resulting in the confiscation of assets

3

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Table 3: Country of origin of victims of THB 2010Number of victims of THB originating from:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 womanBulgaria 2 womenCzech Republic 3 womenHungary 9 womenRomania 1 womanSlovak Republic 3 womenSlovenia 2 womenUkraine 4 womenGhana 1 manDominican Republic 6 womenKazakhstan 1 woman

12. Please provide detailed information on the amended Aliens Act (Ur. 1. RS, No. 79/2006), and especially on the newly introduced movement restrictions and stricter police supervision at the Aliens Centre.59

The entering, leaving and residence of aliens in the Republic of Slovenia is regulated by the Aliens Act, (Official Gazzette of the RS, no. 64/09, officially consolidated text). With the Act amending the Aliens Act (Official Gazzette of the RS, No. 79/06), which entered into force on August 26, 2006, the Aliens Act (Official Gazzette of the RS, No. 112/05, Officially Consolidated Text) was harmonized with some of the Directives of the European Union in the field of migration, i. e. with Council Directive 2004/81/EC of 29 April, 2004, on the residence permit issued to third-country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with the competent authorities, Council Directive 2004/114/EC of 13 December, 2004, on the conditions of admission of third-country nationals for the purposes of studies, pupil exchange, unremunerated training or voluntary service, and Council Directive 2005/71/EC of 12 October, 2005, on a specific procedure for admitting third-country nationals for the purposes of scientific research. With the aforementioned stated Act amending the Aliens Act, some novelties were introduced in relation to the removal of illegally residing aliens from The Republic of Slovenia. Therefore, the newly introduced possibility of voluntary removal of an alien from the country, meaning removal where an alien cooperates with the police, the police may also cooperate with other national bodies and international and non-governmental organisations in the voluntary removal of an alien. Moreover, the Administrative Court of the Republic of Slovenia in an administrative dispute relating to the detention of aliens at the Aliens Centre and accommodation under stricter police supervision, has to make decisions within eight days, a shorter time

59 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 38. 95

period than for decisions in relation to administrative disputes determined in the Act that regulates administrative disputes, and what the Aliens Act in its former text (Official Gazzette of the RS, No. 112/05, Officially Consolidated Text) did not determine. This change is definitely in favour of the protection of the rights of an illegally residing alien.

The valid Aliens Act (Official Gazzette of the RS, No. 64/09, Officially Consolidated Text) regulates the removal of an illegally residing alien from the Republic of Slovenia. According to the Aliens Act, removal of the alien from the country can be voluntary or compulsory. The stated Act also regulates movement restrictions, the accommodation under stricter police supervision, and so-called lenient measures for the illegally residing alien, who fails to leave the country by the specified deadline and who, for whatever reason, cannot be removed immediately from the country. According to the Act, an alien who fails to leave the country by the specified deadline, and who, for whatever reason, cannot be removed immediately from the country, shall be ordered by the police by the stated time of his removal from the country to stay in the Aliens Centre or outside of it, but for no longer than six months. An alien who cannot be accommodated at the Aliens Centre as a result of special reasons or needs, may, in agreement with the social security facility and with the costs borne by the Aliens Centre, be accommodated at a social security facility, or be provided with other appropriate institutional care. In cases where an alien fails to leave the country by the specified deadline and cannot be removed immediately from the country for whatever reason and for whom the police have ordered, by the time of his removal from the country, to stay in the Aliens Centre, the police can order accommodation in the Aliens Centre under stricter police supervision. Accomodation under stricter police supervision is the confinement of the alien's free movement to the premises of the Aliens Centre ordered by the police with a decision if statutory reasons exist. The reasons for accomodation under strict police supervision are enumerated in the Aliens Act. Accomodation under strict police supervision is imposed on an alien if there is a suspicion that the alien will attempt to avoid deportation, or if he has already avoided this measure, and to an alien if this is required by reasons of public order, national security or international relations. Accommodation under strict police supervision is ordered for the time that is necessary for the alien's removal from the country, but for no longer than six months. The Aliens Act also regulates the procedure relating to confinement of movement, i. e. the procedure to accommodate an alien in the Aliens Centre or outside the Aliens Centre, as well as the procedure on ordering accommodation under strict police supervision. An accommodation at the Aliens Centre as well as accommodation outside the Aliens Centre and accommodation under strict police supervision shall be ordered by the police with a decision, against which the alien may file an appeal with The Minister Responsible for the Interior within eight days of the receipt of a written copy of the decision on accommodation in or outside The Aliens Centre or in accommodation under strict police supervision. Although

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an appeal does not withhold the execution of the decision, the Minister has to decide upon it within eight days. An administrative dispute may be initiated against the Minister's decision to appeal. The Aliens Act also regulates the so-called more lenient measures; according to the stated Act, the police may, at any point in time, replace the measure of the obligatory accommodation of an alien at the Aliens Centre with more lenient measures if they believe that they will thereby accomplish their purpose, i. e. ensure successful removal of an alien from the country. Police may allow an illegally residing alien who failed to leave the country by the specified deadline, and who cannot be removed immediately from the country to stay outside the Aliens Centre, whereby the Police may determine the area of his residence. the police may also demand that he or she reports regularly to the nearest police station. The conditions and the procedure for the use of lenient measures were set out by the General Director of the Police pursuant to the Aliens Act.

The Government of the Republic of Slovenia is preparing a new text of the Aliens Act (EVA 2010-1711-0004), which will transpose the Council Directive 2008/115/EC of 16 December, 2008 on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals shall be transposed into the legal order of the Republic of Slovenia. Pursuant to the provisions of the new Aliens Act, the regulation on restriction of movement, accommodation under strict police supervision, and the use of so-called lenient measures shall be in accordance with the stated Directive.

13. Please provide updated information disaggregated by sex, age, ethnicity or origin, on the number of ordered expulsions or residence prohibitions for aliens, returns and extraditions as well as countries of destination.60

The Republic of Slovenia indicates that it does not process data on ethnicity or origin in these cases (an extensive response is provided in the response to Question no. 5).

13.a Information on the Return of Aliens in Terms of Internal Affairs

Information on the Return of Aliens According to Their Nationality:

Nationality NumberBosnia and Herzegovina 267Croatia 258Macedonia 172Serbia 249Kosovo 133Albania 127Ukraine 190

60 According to the State party Report, administrative norms provide that the Police do not keep statistical data on ordered expulsions or residence prohibitions for aliens. See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 39.

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Moldova 107Afghanistan 52China 66Turkey 39Brazil 33Other countries 247Total 1940

The country of return is evident from the information in the table below:

Country of return NumberCroatia 863Italy 493Hungary 269Austria 71Kosovo 86Bosnia and Herzegovina 31Other countries 127Total 1940

Negative decisions in the procedure of issuing a Permit for Temporary Residence/ Residence Registration Certificate (by gender)

 Year/gender 2008 2009 2010Male 2694 5204 3515Female 582 928 917TOTAL 3276 6132 4432

Negative decisions in the procedure of issuing a Permit for Temporary Residence/ Residence Registration Certificate (by age group)

  2008 2009 2010under 15 139 215 19215-24 388 1115 100825-34 1309 2476 160635-54 1256 2106 146555-64 144 171 12965 and over 40 49 32

Negative decisions in the procedure of issuing a Permit for Temporary Residence/ Residence Registration Certificate (by nationality – top ten countries) - year 2008

Nationality NumberBosnia and 911

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HerzegovinaSerbia 733Macedonia 376Bulgaria 344Kosovo 180Croatia 132Slovakia 119Ukraine 39Romania 33Germany 27France 27

Negative decisions in the procedure of issuing a Permit for Temporary Residence/ Residence Registration Certificate (by nationality – top ten countries) - year 2009

Nationality NumberBosnia and Herzegovina 1757Kosovo 1298Serbia 884Macedonia 788Bulgaria 292Croatia 250China 93Slovakia 93Romania 52Ukraine 51France 41

Negative decisions in the procedure of issuing a Permit for Temporary Residence/ Residence Registration Certificate (by nationality – top ten countries) - year 2010

Nationality NumberKosovo 1352Bosnia and Herzegovina 887Macedonia 537Serbia 401Croatia 235Bulgaria 204Slovakia 81China 59Ukraine 52United States of America 46

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13.b The Extradition of Foreign Nationals and Surrender of Foreign Nationals and Nationals of the Republic of Slovenia - Suspects or Defendants in Criminal cases.

The Republic of Slovenia does not extradite nationals of the Republic of Slovenia to other countries, exceptionally it may surrender nationals of The Republic of Slovenia to other countries within the framework of the European Union legal order.

Acquired Information with regard to Extraditions and Surrenders.

Statistical Review of the analysed Cases on Extradition by Country(new cases in the year 2009)

Country From other country to Slovenia

From Slovenia to other country

Total per countries

Albania 1 1Australia 1 1Bosnia and Herzegovina

2 6 8

Monte Negro 1 1Dominican Republic 1 1Croatia 9 2 11Italy 1 1Colombia 1 1Kosovo 1 1Macedonia 1 1 2New Zealand 1 1Germany 1 1Russia 1 1Serbia 2 6 8Switzerland 7 7Ukraine 1 1 2Uruguay 2 2United States of America

3 1 4

25 29 54

Number of Extradition Cases Which Resulted in Surrendering a Person in 2009

In 2009, the extraditions from Slovenia of 4 persons to Switzerland, 4 persons to Serbia, 4 persons to Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1 person to Monte Negro, 1 person to the United States of America, and 1 person to Germany were approved.

In 2009, 9 persons from Croatia, 2 persons from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2 persons from Serbia, and 1 person from Macedonia were extradited to Slovenia.

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Statistical Review of the analysed Cases on Extradition by Country(for new cases 2010)

Country From other country to Slovenia

From Slovenia to other country

Total per countries

Albania 2 2Australia 1 1Bosnia and Herzegovina

3 3

Monte Negro 2 3 5France 1 1Croatia 5 2 7Macedonia 1 2 3Peru 1 1Serbia 2 3 5Switzerland 2 2 4Total 16 16 32

All cases anaylsed in 2010

In 2010, 2 persons from Albania, 2 persons from Croatia, 2 persons from Monte Negro, 1 person from Macedonia, 2 persons from Serbia, 3 persons from Switzerland, 1 person from USA were extradited to Slovenia.

In 2010, the extraditions of 5 persons to Bosnia and Herzegovina, 4 persons to Croatia, 3 persons to Serbia, 1 person to Switzerland, 1 person to The Ukraine, 2 persons to Monte Negro, 1 person to Macedonia, and 1 person to Switzerland were realized from Slovenia.

In 2009, Slovenian district courts received a total of 56 European Arrest Warrants, according to which, 47 persons were apprehended and 39 persons were actually surrendered. 22 persons agreed with the surrender, 17 did not. In 5 cases, the courts denied the execution of the European Arrest Warrant.

In 9 cases, the courts executed European Arrest Warrant pertaining to nationals of The Republic of Slovenia or a person with permanent residence in the Republic of Slovenia.

In the procedures of extradition or surrender, it is usually male persons, and therefore the information on the gender of persons is not processed, as it is a non-existant or negligible amount (for example, only one female person was extradited in 2010).

14. The CPT in the report on its visit to Slovenia in 2006 indicated that, notwithstanding the general improvement of the living conditions for foreign nationals in Aliens Centres, refurbishment and the revision of

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the current practice concerning clothing were needed is some centres.61 Please provide information on the concrete measures that have been taken to address these issues.

Upon entering accommodation at The Aliens Centre, aliens receive clean clothing (underwear, shirts, socks, training suits, and footwear, which do not look like a uniform). This measure is only undertaken to ensure adequate hygienic conditions. The Centre takes care of the dirty clothes the alien is wearing upon arrival, which are washed after reception of the alien and ready for use when an alien is removed from the country or leaves the Aliens Centre. The House Rules of the Aliens Centre determine that the aliens accommodated in the vulnerable categories' department and in the department for minors can wear their own clothes. Other aliens can wear their own clothes during accommodation due to special needs (for example illness, religious or cultural reasons etc.), and with the permission of The Director of the Centre.

15. According to the information before the Committee, the Government of Slovenia has proposed a new Law on International Protection that does not fully comply with international standards and especially that does not contain a non-refoulement clause. Please provide detailed information on the measures that have been taken to bring the law in line with international standards, including with regard to the State party obligations under the Convention, especially to establish the principle of non-refoulement whenever there are substantial grounds for believing that a person would be in danger of being subject to torture. Please also provide information on any other steps taken to ensure that State party fulfils its obligations under article 3 of the Convention, in particular to consider all elements of an individual case, and provides, in practice, all procedural guarantees to the person expelled, returned or extradited.

The Article 19 of the Act amending the International Protection Act (Official Gazzette of the RS, no. 99/10) deleted Article 20 of the International Protection Act (Official Gazzette of the RS, no. 111/07, 111/08 – decision of the US and 58/09), which included the non-refoulement principle. Considering that the International Protection Act (Official Gazzette of the RS, no. 111/07, 111/08 – decision of the US, 58/09 and 99/10 – hereinafter: ZMZ) merely regulates the field of applicants for international protection and persons with acknowledged international protection who have, according to Article 78 and 89 of the ZMZ, the right to reside in The Republic of Slovenia, and therefore cannot be, under any condition, removed from the Republic of Slovenia. Therefore the Republic of Slovenia considers the inclusion of the non-refoulement principle into ZMZ unnecessary.

When the request of the applicant for international protection is rejected (the decision is final) or when there is a cessation of refugee status or subsidiary protection of a person with acknowledged international protection, or if the latter is revoked, then these persons become aliens who are treated under the Act that regulates the

61 CPT/Inf (2008) 8, para. 32, 35.102

entering, leaving and residing of aliens in the Republic of Slovenia, i. e. thhe Aliens Act (Official Gazzette of the RS, No. 64/09 – Officially Consolidated Text), which includes the principle of non-refoulement in Article 51. With the principle of non-refoulement included into the Aliens Act and implemented, the Republic of Slovenia has fulfilled its obligation under international law and European Union legislation.

The valid Aliens Act incorporates the non-refoulement principle in Article 51 (prohibition of deportation). The deportation or return of an alien to a country in which his life or freedom would be endangered on the basis of race, religion, nationality, membership of a special social group, or political conviction, or to a country in which the alien would be exposed to torture, or to inhumane treatment, or punishment, shall not be permitted. For an alien whose removal from the Republic of Slovenia would be contrary to the non-refoulement principle, The Aliens Act enables permission to stay in the Republic of Slovenia. In accordance with this Act, a stay in the country shall mean permission granted to an alien who has been given a deadline by which to leave the country, or to an alien who must be deported, to remain temporarily in The Republic of Slovenia. Permission may be extended for as long as the conditions for which the return is not permitted exist. An alien who has been granted a temporary stay in The Republic of Slovenia shall have the right to emergency health insurance pursuant to the Act Governing Healthcare and Health Insurance and Basic Treatment, whilst alien students below the age of 18 shall also have the right to basic education.

The proposal of the new Aliens Act (EVA 2010-1711-0004) adopted by the Government of the Republic of Slovenia on 24 February, 2011, and submitted for adoption to the National Assembly (Parliament) also includes the non-refoulement principle. The new Aliens Act shall in accordance with the Council Directive 2008/115/EC of 16 December, 2008, on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals, determine the prohibition of deportation of an alien to a country in which his life or freedom would be endangered on the basis of race, religion, nationality, membership of a special social group, or political conviction, or to a country in which the alien would be exposed to torture or to inhumane treatment or punishment. The Act shall establish and systematically strengthen the non-refoulement of aliens to countries in which their life or freedom are endangered or where they would be exposed to danger of torture, inhumane and humiliating treatment for the reasons and circumstances which the Act shall explicitly determine. Because the principle of non-refoulement only becomes important if the alien is illegally in the territory of the country, which is also the case when the applicant for international protection has been finally rejected, and because such aliens, after the final completion of the procedure for acknowledgement of international protection, are processed under the Act that regulates the entering, leaving and residing of aliens in the Republic of Slovenia, the non-refoulement principle does not necessarily have to be included to the International Protection Act (ZMZ), and has also been deleted from the stated Act, but it is necessary and shall remain in the new Aliens

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Act, which, amongst other things, regulates the field of the return and deportation of illegally residing aliens in The Republic of Slovenia. In the proposal of the new Aliens Act, the wording of proposed Article 74, which is also substantially expanded compared to the previous provision of Article 20 of 2007 of the International Protection Act, is as follows:

"Article 74(Prohibition on the Removal of an Alien)

The principle of non-return under this Act, and in accordance with the principles of international customary law, represents the obligation of the Republic of Slovenia not to remove an alien to the country in which his life or freedom would be endangered on the basis of race, religion, nationality, membership of a special social group, or political conviction, or to a country in which the alien would be exposed to torture, and other cruel, inhumane or degrading punishment or treatment."

16. Please indicate if the State party relies on “diplomatic assurances” to return a person to a third country. If so, please provide information on such cases and on what post return monitoring mechanisms are put in place in such cases.

The Republic of Slovenia does not rely on diplomatic assurances as this legal institute is not regulated by the Act, and it is questionable whether, with respect to the legal order of the Republic of Slovenia, the use of this institute would be admissible even if these diplomatic assurances can maybe be considered to be anchored in international customary law. In view of these concerns in the field of protection and the effective exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, no such practice has therefore been developed in the Republic of Slovenia.

With regard to extraditions the Republic of Slovenia occasionally, in cases that have been reviewed in greater detail by Slovenian courts or by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, seeks information on the outcome of the criminal proceedings with the countries to which the aliens were extradited . This is a subsequent and indirect examination of the adequate level of the protection of human rights in the stated countries, and has no special legal meaning, it has only an informative value. The examination is performed on grounds of bilateral international treaties in the area of legal assistance in criminal matters.

17. According to information before the Committee, despite the fact that the Government of Slovenia committed to take part in the Asylum Systems Quality Assurance and Evaluation Mechanism Project (ASQAEM) promoting the adherence to established common international standards in the European Union and supporting the full application of the 1951 Convention within the framework of asylum

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related EU legislation, it is not engaging in the second phase of the Further Developing Quality (FDQ project). Please provide information on the reasons why the State party has failed to continue to actively participate in the FQD project.

The Republic of Slovenia participated in the first stage of the Asylum Systems Quality Assurance and Evaluation Mechanism (ASQAEM), which was concluded in March 2010, when the last professional training for officials and interpreters was facilitated. Even before the signing of the agreement between the Republic of Slovenia and the Regional Representative of The United Nations at the High Commissioner for Refugees in Budapest (UNHCR), on cooperation in the first stage of the project, a letter of support for the second level of the project was requested from the Ministry of the Interior. It needs to be stressed that with the letter of support, the Republic of Slovenia has not in any way committed itself to participate in the project, nor was it ever officially invited. Therefore, the statement that the Republic of Slovenia has committed itself to participation in the second stage is inadequate.

The decision of the Ministry for the Interior that the Republic of Slovenia shall not take part in the second stage was based on the fact that at the beginning of the second stage, the findings of the first stage of the project were still unknown, and the Ministry assessed that for the evaluation and implementation of the recommendations from the first stage a certain time period was necessary. Furthermore, the opinion of the Ministry for the Interior was that the framework of the second stage of the project was not clearly set out in terms of the methodology for selection of participating countries and their role in the project, which is contrary to the point of view of the Republic of Slovenia on evaluation and monitoring projects, etc., mainly with regard to the added value of such projects.

18. Please provide detailed information on which legislative and other measures have been taken to address the situation of the group of permanent residents in Slovenia known as “the erased”.

In relation to the activities of the Republic of Slovenia in terms of the regulation of the status of citizens of the other republics of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereinafter: FSFRY) who were erased from the Register of Permanent Residents, we explained that the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia, acting upon proposal of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia on 8 March, 2010, in an simplified legislative process, adopted the Act amending the Act Regulating the Legal Status of Citizens of The Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Living in the Republic of Slovenia; but as 31 members of the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia demanded that a legislative referendum on the stated Act be called, the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia at its session of 18 March 2010 adopted a decision, that, according to the opinion of the National Assembly, that by postponing the enforcement, or due to the possible rejection of the Act amending the Act Regulating the Legal

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Status of Citizens of The Former Socialist Federal Yugoslavia Living in the Republic of Slovenia by means of the requested legislative referendum, unconstitutional consequences might arise. It therefore demanded a decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia to decide on the matter. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia in its Decision No. U-II-1/10 as of 10th June, 2010, (published in the Official Gazette of the RS, no. 50/10) decided, that unconstitutional consequences would arise if the requested legislative referendum was to take place.

Following this decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, the Act amending the Act Regulating the Legal Status of Citizens of Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Living in The Republic of Slovenia (hereinafter: ZUSDDD-B, published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 50 on 24 June 2010), entered into force on 24 July, 2010.

ZUSDDD-B remedied the unconstitutionalities of the Act Regulating the Legal Status of Citizens of Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Living in the Republic of Slovenia, as found by the Constitutional Court in its decision no. U-I-246/02 of 3 April 2003. Additionally, certain imperfections, revealed through the application of the Act and connected to the cessation of permanent residence of the citizens of other republics of FSFRY, were corrected.

ZUSDDD-B determines the conditions under which an alien who was on the 25 June 1991 a citizen of another republic of FSFRY and who does not have a permit for permanent residence in the Republic of Slovenia, notwithstanding the provisions of The Aliens Act, can obtain a permission for permanent residence. It also determines in which cases it is considered that the citizens of other countries of FSFRY that were erased from the Register of Permanent Residents, have permission for permanent residence and retroactively valid permanent residence, (from the cessation of the application of the permanent residence forward). With regard to the latter, a special decision is issued.

As the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia in Decision No. U-I-246/02 on 3 April, 2003, decided that the Act Regulating the Legal Status of Citizens of Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Living in The Republic of Slovenia is inconsistent with the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, and that it also does not set the standards for establishing the undefined legal term of actual living, ZUSDDD-B in Article 1.č sets the standards for establishing the fulfilment of the condition of actual living in the Republic of Slovenia, and which the absences from the country do not interrupt the condition of actual living.

Absence from the Republic of Slovenia which did not last for more than a year does not interrupt actual living regardless of the reason for the absence. If absence from the Republic of Slovenia has lasted for more than a year, the condition of actual living is fulfilled if it was a justified

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absence for one of the reasons determined in the Article 1.č, paragraph 3 (justified reasons are, amongst other things, when the person has left the Republic of Slovenia because of the consequence of being erased from the Permanent Population Register; or if a person left The Republic of Slovenia because it could not acquire permission for residence due to unfulfilled conditions, and the request was denied, rejected, or the procedure was stopped – according to the established reason we explained, that the stated data is evident from the official records which are held in all procedures of issuing a permit for residence and from insight into the administrative files of the matter; a justified reason is also if the person could not come back to the Republic of Slovenia due to war in other countries, the successors of FSFRY, or medical reasons, and if the person was deported from the Republic of Slovenia, or was denied entrance). Admissible absence from the Republic of Slovenia for one of the justified reasons determined in the stated provision can last up to five years (except under conditions from the Article 1.č, paragraph 3, subparagraph 2, such as a posting to work, study or medical treatment, or employment on a ship with its home port in the Republic of Slovenia, whereby absence is allowed for the time of posting, study or medical treatment, or for the time of employment on the ship).

If absence according to the Act's determined justified reasons lasted for more than five years, it is considered that the condition for actual living was fulfilled for the period of those five years. For all other periods of absence (even if they were longer than ten years) only if the person, after the past five years of admissible absence in the period of additional five years, tried to return to the Republic of Slovenia, and tried to continue with actual living in Republic of Slovenia which is indicated by its axctions in this additional five year period, the condition of actual living is also fulfiled.

According to ZUSDDD-B, a permit for permanent residence can also be acquired by those erased from the Register of Permanent Residents who do not reside in the Republic of Slovenia due to justified absence (for example if they left the Republic of Slovenia due to the consequence of being erased). By fulfilling the condition of actual living under ZUSDDD-B, a permit for permanent residence can also be acquired, for example, for those who were erased from the Register of Permanent Residents who left the Republic Slovenia on the grounds of justified reasons in 1992, and who since then have not resided in the Republic of Slovenia.

Fulfilment of the condition of actual living is proven in procedure ZUSDDD-B and according to the rules regulated in the Republic of Slovenia by the General Administrative Procedure Act. Fulfilment of the condition of actual living can be proven with the support of various documented evidence, witnesses submitted by the party, or with a statement by the party. It is also established on the grounds of information in official records (like records on residence permits, visas).

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ZUSDDD-B also determines a new three year period for filing a request for issuing a permit for permanent residence.

As a novelty, the issue of permits for permanent residence for the children of the erased who were born in the Republic of Slovenia after 25 June, 1991, is also regulated, and for those who have actually lived in the Republic of Slovenia from birth. In this new regulation, the issue of special, additional retroactive decisions is regulated for the citizens of the Republic of Slovenia who were at the time of independence citizens of other countries of FSFRY who were erased from the Permanent Population Register. Concommitant with this, they were accepted into Slovenian Citizenship without the prior issue of permits for permanent residence.

In its Decision No. U-II-1/10 of 10 June 2010, (Official Gazzette of the RS, No. 50/10), with which it decided on the inadmissibility of the requested referendum, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia also found that ZUSDDD-B remedies the unconstitutional situation that had been ruled upon in the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, No. U-I-246/02-28 on 3 April 2003. The Constitutional Court also established that ZUSDDD-B justifiedly regulates the status of the children of the erased and the retroactive status for the citizens of the Republic of Slovenia, as they are inseparably connected to the remedying of the unconstitutional situation. In view of the Court ZUSDDD-B was to be considered adequate legal basis to resolve the legal position of those citizens of other countries of FSFRY that had been erased from the The Register of Permanent Residentsof Permanent Residents whose status had not yet been regulated.

To those citizens of other countries of FSFRY who had been erased from the Permanent Population Register and had obtained permits for permanent residence before the entry into force of ZUSDDD-B, complementary decisions were issues, declaring that them permanent residents of the Republic of Slovenia in the time period from the erasure to the obtaining of permits for permanent residence. Complementary decisions were issued by the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia pursuant to Subparagraph 8 of the operative part of the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia No. U-I-246/02 of 3 April 2003 (published: Official Gazette of the RS, No. 36/03). Complementary decisions were issued in 2004 and from February 2009 onwards.

The Government of the Republic of Slovenia realizes the extreme importance of the informing of those erased from the Register of Permanent Residentsof Permanent Residents and of the general public on the new ZUSDDD-B. The Government of the Republic of Slovenia undertook several activities to introduce all the interested parties to ZUSDDD-B before the Act entered into force. The Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia also issued a special brochure, available to all the interested parties at all administrative units in the Republic of Slovenia, and at all diplomatic and consular representations of the Republic of Slovenia in other countries of FSFRY. The brochures were also distributed to non-governmental

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organisations. The brochure explains the procedure and conditions for obtaining a permit of permanent residence, as well as retroactive complementary decisions. All relevant information is also available in six languages on the website of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia (www.infotujci.si), and the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia. Operation guidelins were issued by the Ministry for the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia to all officials at the administrative units who conduct procedures and adopt administrative decisions pursuant to ZUSDDD-B in July 2010 (before the Act entered into force). The Ministry also organised trainings, and ZUSDDD-B was presented to the officials from administrative units at the 'Administrative Units Days' conference in November 2010.

Articles 5 and 7

19. Please update the Committee on whether the State party has rejected, for any reason, any request for extradition by another State for an individual suspected of having committed an offence of torture, and has started prosecution proceedings as a result. If so, please provide information on the status and outcome of such proceedings.

No state body of the Republic of Slovenia has ever adjudicated or decided upon such a case.

Article 10

20. Please provide detailed information on the documents regulating police work, relevant in combating cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, that have been mentioned in the State party’s Report but that have not been submitted due to their internal nature.62

The Republic of Slovenia introductorily states that the police officers in the process of investigating criminal offences, and/or during execution of other police tasks on several occasions obtain information on the possible involvement of police officers in different criminal offences. Consequently, the Police has established a system for the recording of information on the criminal conduct and illicit activities of police officers, including information on cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment by police officers, Every police officer can therefore make notice of such an occurrence in the system. In this way, the competent department of the Police is informed of such information, which they then check, and take appropriate measures when necessary.

Since the entry into force of the Rules on restraining order prohibiting approach to a certain location or person (26 September 2004), guidelines for the implementation of such a measure are also followed in relevant cases. The guidelines are accompanied by a technical instruction/manual on recording imposed restraining orders.The guidelines regulate specific questions regarding the exercise of a

62 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 55.109

restraining order (compliance supervision, informing competent authorities etc.)

Guidelines for police work also determined in which cases the police must notify centres of social assistance to ensure the protection of children and minors.

Conditions on the use of instruments of restraint are laid down in the Police Act. Rules on Police Powers determine the use of instruments of restraint, the recording of their use, and the evaluation of the use of instruments of restraint. Manuals for the application of instruments of restraint provide legal and professional rules, instructions and explanation for the use of instruments of restraint.

Guidelines for police work were prepared taking into account irregularities or unprofessionally conducted procedures by police officers that have been previously established. Such cases are especially mentioned , and police officers are informed of established irregularities.

Guidelines for the treatment of victims of criminal offences deal with the followingissues: - Information on the right to compensation in accordance with the Act on Compensation to Crime Victims; - Exceptions to the notification of victims of certain criminal offences against property; - Content of the notification regarding the initiation of a police investigation; - Information on the availability of psychosocial assistance and support for the victims of particular criminal offences.

In the concluding section, we present a specific situation which could provide certain conclusions regarding proactive police action in terms of the protection of human rights and freedoms in cases where acts of torture and cruel treatment are perpetrated by the so called "private factors". The “Instruction on Police Measures in Cases of Kidnapping, Hostage Situations, the Occupation of Buildings, and Similar Risk Situations” regulates police measures in the event of kidnapping, hostage situations, the occupation of buildings, and similar risk situations where the security situation is uncertain, and where the perpetrators endanger their own personal security, the security of other people and property, and whether or not the perpetrators will follow through with their threats depends on the goals they are pursuing. In crisis situations, police action pursues theprotection of threatened persons, liberation of hostages, apprehension of perpetrators, and protection of property.

21. In its 2008 Report the Slovenian Human Rights Ombudsman informs that the Slovenian Code of Police Ethics was renewed in 2008 and brought into line with the European Code of Police Ethics and that the provisions of the Code are included into the programmes of education, basic training and advanced training in the police.63 Please

63 See 2008 Human Rights Ombudsman Report, page 60.110

provide detailed information about the new legislation and about any measures taken to develop training and education of the police as well as other staff especially if working in direct contact with foreign nationals.64

We introductorily state that no new legislation for training or education of police officials was adopted. Insofar as questions refer to the issue of legislation in general, we can explain that all new legislation that changes police procedures or similar procedures is always speedily included in existing programmes of education and training, that are stated below.

Institution “POLICE OFFICERS SCHOOL”

The contents of the Code of Conduct for the Police are included in educational programmes for police officers. The syllabus for the Social Skills course incorporates 24 hours of lectures in professional ethics. Lecturers in PROFESSIONAL ETHICS address the following topics:

- Ethics as Practical Philosophy- Applied Ethics- Police Ethics- The Police in a Democratic Society- The Ethical and Legal Conduct of the Police- The Professional Image and Behaviour of a Police Officer

Institution “POLICE COLLEGE”

Two professional courses “Police Powers” and “Professional Ethics” are particularly underpinned by human rights concerns, professional ethics, and integrity.

POLICE POWERS WITH PRACTICAL PROCEDURE COURSE

This is a 60 hour course. 15 hours of the course address human rights. Within the broader topic “Police in a Democratic Society” students get a better insight into how important it is for police officers to realize that human rights are not an obstacle to their work, but rather that human rights should be accepted as an integratel or even the most important part of police work and its responsibilities, and that the legal security of police officers, the level of cultural dialogue, and ethics in human relations are also very important tools in the protection of human rights and basic freedoms.

Students learn about the development of the constitutional and international protection of human rights, protection of human rights in Slovenia, the role of the Ombudsman and the Police, as

64 The development of training for staff working in direct contact with foreign nationals was particularly emphasized by the CPT in its 2008 Report. See CPT/Inf (2008) 8, para. 39.

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well about the Code of Police Ethics and the European Code of Police Ethics.

Within the “Human rights and the Police” topic students familiarize themselves with the following aspects:

- The importance of human rights for police work;- How aware police officers are of basic human rights;- Which are the safeguards are designed to prevent of misuse of powers;- The extent to which police officers respect, acknowledge and protect human rights; - the research study “The Protection of Human Rights and the Police”;- The European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (their principles, basic criteria for the evaluation of police custody, and its tasks whilst visiting the police station)- The work of the Ombudsman and representatives of Amnesty International that visit the Police College every year.

Subject: PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

This is a 48 hours course. 12 hours are intended for the study of human rights, and 12 hours for the development of social skills; the rest of the course focuses on other topics.

Human Rights (12 hours)

- Introduction; - The development of constitutional and international protection of human rights;- The protection of human rights in the Republic of Slovenia;- The Human Rights Ombudsman (the Human Rights Ombudsman Act, Rules of Procedure, petitions for proceedings, and the modus operandi of The Human Rights Ombudsman, the Human Rights Ombudsman and the Police, a visit of the Human Rights Ombudsman to the police station);- International instruments for the protection of human rights;- The role of civil society (civil disobedience);- Human Rights and the Slovene Police;- the Code of Police Ethics;- the European Code of Police Ethics;- Whether the mechanisms of the Slovene Police are adequately developed to protect human rights.

In the following paragraphs, we submit a brief overview of the Code of Police Ethics (why it has been modified) and the European Code of Police Ethics

The Code of Police Ethics;

The Code is written in a first person plural narrative which emphasizes association with the organisation and its ethical values. Consequently, it is easier for each individual to identify with the ethical provisions, as not everything depends solely on him (that is why the

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narrative is not in the first person singular), but rather his affiliation with the organisation, and his attitude towards it (healthy, positive solidarity);

The Code is mainly inspirative, while the other acts regulating police work provide regulatory provisions (Police Act, Rules of the Police, Civil Servants Act, Criminal Procedure Act, and so on.);

The Code only establishes the moral responsibility of police officers and does not provide for any sanctions. Options of the latter are defined in the Code of Conduct of Civil Servants, which the Code of Police Ethics upgrades. Sanctions for violation of the due actions of police officers are provided for in several other acts (the Civil Servants Act, the Police Act, the Criminal Procedure Act, and others);

The Code also abolishes the Ethics Commission which proved to be ineffective for 15 years. Therefore, we believe that the non-existence of the Ethics Commission is better than one not functioning as a result of different formal and informal obstacles. We also considered that the existence of the Ethics Commission is only rational if it possesses power or influence (e.g. the granting and withdrawal of licences).

The Article that lays down the procedure of amending the Code was added to the Code. With regard to the role of the representative trade unions and of the Director General of the Police, the new provision is in accordance with the Code of Conduct of Civil Servants.

A list of values and virtues which express the mission of the Police is annexed to the Code The list is posted in visible spot at every organisational unit of the Police, so that police officers would familiarize themselves with these values even more.

The European Code of Police Ethics;

In its introduction, the Code defines the objectives of the police, the legal basis for the activities of the police, the relationship between the Police and the criminal justice system, the organisational structure of the Police, the training and education of the Police, the recruitment of police officers, and the rights of police personnel. Guidelines for police action/intervention are the most extensive part of the Code, defining the powers vested in the Police, accountability and control of the police, as well as international police cooperation.

New legislation in the area of work with foreign nationals is constantly changing, and where appropriate, it is integrated into the educational process. All 1st year students attend the 48 hours Cross-Border Issues and Foreign Nationals course. The topic is even more extensively presented to the student in the second year of their studies through the 156 hour Cross-Border Issues and Foreign Nationals I course.

Institution “THE TRAINING CENTRE"

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There are two programmes facilitated byhe Training Centre, that include among their topics the content of the Code of Conduct of the Police:

Preparation for the examination on the exercise of police powers

The purpose of this programme is to train participants to exercise police powers professionally,independently and according to the law..

The programme is designed to enable persons that have concluded an employment contract with the Police according to which their task is to exercise police powers to:· Learn the scope of police work, police duties, the organisation, and relationships between units;· Learn how to apply laws and provisions in the performance of their tasks and in the exercise of police powers;· Obtain the basic professional-theoretical and practical knowledge for carrying out their duties and the exercise of police powers;· Develop skills for the professional assessment of situations and events, and for recognizing unlawful conduct, and the legal use of police powers;· learn to recognize danger, to make decisions, and to take professional action;· develop awareness of the importance of acting in accordance with the principle of legality, and to respect and protect human rights and freedoms;· Learn about and follow the ethical principles of police codes in their work;· Get to know the measures and equipment used, and how to use them appropriately and safely in their work exercising police powers;· Strengthen and maintain psychophysical fitness.

Subject: POLICE POWERS WITH PRACTICAL PROCEDURE

This professional course consists of 44 hours, out of which 5 hours are intended for the study of human rights; the rest of the course focuses on other topics.

Subject: SELF DEFENCE

This course consists of 20 hours, out of which 2 hours are intended for the study of human rights; the rest of the course focuses on other topics.

Programme: Basic Training in Criminal Investigation – Course on Criminal Investigation

The purpose of the programme is to train the participants for the individual, professional and lawful performance of tasks regarding the prevention, detection and investigation of criminal offences.

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The programme enables the individuals employed to perform the tasks of the police officer, as specified below.

· Participants’ awareness on protection of human rights protection in police procedures, and on ethical principles in the field of criminal investigation is raised· Participants study the legal basis for police powers and instruments of constraints, as well as how to use them. · Participants study the competence and tasks of the criminal police in relation to the prevention, detection and investigation of criminal offences, the identification and apprehension of perpetrators of criminal offences, and extradition to competent authorities.· Participants acquire the necessary knowledge of criminal tactics, methodology and techniques of investigating criminal offences. · Participants study the correct application of substantive and procedural criminal law, , how to classify criminal offences correctly, and how to use appropriate approaches to the detection and investigation of criminal offences.· Participants understand the exercise of powers pursuant to the Criminal Procedure Act at the theoretical and practical level as well as the use of investigative activities in pre-trial criminal procedures. · Participants familiarize themselves with forensics and other techniques of criminal investigation (types of leads, criminal-technical tasks during the examination, detection, challenging, securing, and how to document leads).· Participants are trained to gather information, and how to obtain operative information through informative interviews.· Participants study strategies, techniques and tactics for conducting interviews and police interrogations.· Participants study the intelligence activity in criminal investigation· Participants familiarize themselves with the forms of cooperation and powers of state prosecutors, investigating judges and other state authorities and institutions, cooperating in the prevention, detection and investigation of criminal offences.· Participants understand the importance and the role of investigative support (criminal psychology, polygraphs, police sketches of the suspect).· Participants learn how to use criminal informatics and analysis in criminal work.· Participants learn how to communicate correctly, how to protect personal and confidential data obtained in procedures and from the relevant operational police databases.· Participants are made aware of the dangers of criminal work, and trained for the safe and professional exercise of police powers and criminal tasks.

Subject: HUMAN RIGHTS AND POLICE POWERS:

This professional course consists of 25 hours, out of which 6 hours are intended for the study of human rights; the rest of the course focuses on other topics.

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· Participants’ awareness of the lawful purpose of the use of police powers and of the duty to respect human rights in the process of the use of police powers is raised.· They learn how to correctly apply proportionality and other principles of human rights law.· Participants learn the procedure for recording instruments of restraint that they use, and the appeal procedure which enables individuals to enforce the protection of rights which were violated by the misuse of police powers.· They familiarize themselves with the different forms of individual responsibility, and the state's liability for damages arising from the misuse of police powers.· Participants are made aware of the fact that the misuse of police powers can result in disciplinary measures, liability for damages, and criminal liability.· Participants learn about the exclusion of evidence in criminal procedures that occurs when the evidence is collected by violating human rights and basic freedoms that stems from the illegal use of police powers.

The task of the Training centre, in cooperation with other internal organisational units of General Police Directorate is to detect the has for training, and to define the strategy and the objectives of training; to create and plan new training programmes; to facilitate training programmes; last but not least, to evaluate training at all levels and ensure the effectiveness and quality of these training programmes. This is the centre’s contribution to a better and more efficient police work, that also also increases staff satisfaction and motivation. The philosophy of life-long learning and the modern principles of adult education is incorporated into the centre’s training programmes.

Police officers also attend special trainings on a monthly basis. The purpose is to further develop their theoretical and practical knowledge and skills which ensure a complete understanding of the lawful, professionally effective, safe and coordinated exercise of powers, including practical procedures and self-defence, the ensuring of a uniform exercise of police powers whilst in performance of police work, as well as to enable the participants to acquire and maintain a certain level of psychophysical abilities. The training focuses on the different topics connected to the protection and enforcement of human rights in police procedures.

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22. During its visit in Slovenia in 2006, the CPT was informed that a handbook on police interrogations had been prepared and made available to police staff through the Ministry of the Interior intranet site. However, hardly any police officers interviewed by the delegation were aware of the new guidelines.65 Please provide information on whether, as recommended by the CPT, the handbook on police interrogations has been integrated into ongoing training programmes. Please provide also information, as the CPT recommended,66 on the measures that

65 CPT/Inf (2008) 8, para. 12.66 CPT/Inf (2008) 8, para. 24.

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have been taken to ensure that electronic equipment for recording police interviews is used on a regular basis.

The Handbook “Police Interrogations” was issued in 2003 after the Criminal Procedure Act was amended. Amendments of the Criminal Procedure Act were based on a decision of the Constitutional Court of The Republic of Slovenia, no. U-I-92/96 of 21 March 2002. The Handbook is divided into several sections:

1. The procedural value of the police’s gathering of information from suspects in the light of human rights protection.2. The importance of the police’s gathering of information from a suspect by the means of interrogation.3. Informing, presence, and the role of state prosecutors.4. Experience with the particularities of the interrogation by an investigating judge

The handbook was issued by the Ministry of the Interior in cooperation with other institutions (including the Ministry of Justice). As a result of amendments to the Criminal Procedure Act, and the aforementioned Decision of the Constitutional Court, the police had to train police officers and criminal investigators in accordance with the adopted changes. The handbook also complies with all the standards of human rights protection arising from different conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as all other international documents defining human rights, basic freedoms, and human dignity. The Handbook also incorporates all of the recommendations of the Council of Europe regarding human rights. All CPT Standards, such as the rights of the detainee, the course of an interrogation, as well as the electronic recording of police interviews as an assurance against inhuman treatment, are also strictly regarded in the Handbook. The Handbook also covers the ethical norms and the Code of Police Ethics. Police conducted several trainings in this area in order ensure undisturbed police work and to enable participation of all the authorized officers in the training. All the participants received the Handbook in electronic or paper form. Police also provided training for several multipliers in the field of education to ensure further trainings for police officers and criminal investigators at all levels of Police organisation, from general to regional level. Due to the importance of CPT recommendations, the Handbook on Police Interrogations is now incorporated in all current educational and training programmesin the following manner:

THE POLICE OFFICERS SCHOOL

The topic of Police Interrogation is included in and discussed within the lecture Criminal Investigation and Criminal Law. It is also incorporated into the current training programme with the following objectives:

Police Tasks in Pre-Trial Criminal Procedures: Gathering information

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Investigative Activities: The search of premises and persons, and the seizure of propertyInspection; Expert witnesses;Preparation of the main hearing and the main hearing

These topics are covered in 12 hours.

THE POLICE COLLEGE

The Handbook on Police Interrogations is used as recommended literature in the first year study course Criminal Procedure Law (36 hours).

THE TRAINING CENTRE

Programme: Basic Training in Criminal Investigation – Course on Criminal Investigation

Course: CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LAW

This professional course consists of 30 hours, out of which 4 hours are intended for the study of police interrogations; the rest of the course focuses on other topics.

– course content regarding pre-trial criminal Procedure:

· The Role of the Police in the detection of criminal offences. · The Role of the Public Prosecutor in Pre-trial criminal Procedure and

hisguidance for the police.· Reporting criminal offences.· The definition and content of a Criminal Complaint.· Evidence · Evidence standards (grounds for suspicion, reasonable grounds for

suspicion, reasonable suspicion).· Indications (clues) and their importance in procedural law. · Police measures and powers pursuant to Articles 148 and 149 of the

Criminal Procedure Act.· Interrogation by the Police”· Covert Investigative Measures.· Detention, Arrest, Reasons for Detention and Arrest. · Decisions of the public prosecutor with regard to the criminal

complaint.· the work and powers of police officers assigned to the special unit of

the Group of State Prosecutors for the Prosecution of Organised Crime.

· Autopsy and Exhumation.· Urgent Investigations.· Immunity – Diplomatic, Consular, immunity of Deputies of the National

Assembly.· Appropriate procedure when the suspect claims immunity.

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Regarding the recommendation of the Committee for the Prevention of Torture on the adoption of measures to ensure the regular use of electronic equipment to record police interviews by the Slovenian Police, we would like to reiterate that pursuant to Article 148.a of the Criminal Procedure Act, interrogation of the suspect may, with prior notice, be recorded by a machine for audio and audio-visual recording. As a result of this provision, the rooms intended for the interrogation of persons were equipped with the appropriate technical equipment (a work group for the installation of electronic equipment for recording police interrogations was set up). The Criminal Procedure Act does not provide for the obligatory recording of interrogations, it only provides an option for police officers to record interrogations when prior notice is given. We believe that the decision whether to record interrogations with suspects using the provided technical equipment for audio and audio video recording depends exclusively on the relevant criminal investigation methodology and tactics. We would also like to emphasize that we welcome the aforementioned proposal of the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and that we agree that any misuse of police powers would be prevented in such a manner. At the same time, we have to point out that insofar as police interrogations are not conducted pursuant to Article 148.a of the Criminal Procedure Act, they do not have any evidentiary value, therefore it is not probable that there frequent police abuses would occur. To reiterate, the suspect needs to be informed of the use of technical equipment during the interview prior to being questioned, his consent is however not necessary. The possibility needs to be considered that the suspect whose interview would be recorded against his will, would refuse to provide data and information the Police would otherwise be able to obtain from him or her. Notwithstanding these concerns regarding the recommendation of the Committee for the Prevention of Torture, guidelines on how to use professional criteria to identify cases where audio and audio-visual recording using is recommended, were prepared.. We also prepared an updated Handbook on Interrogations to ensure the correctness and legality of interrogations, The Handbook classifies the individual cases where audio and audio-visual recording is recommended.

23. Please provide information on the concrete application of the provisions of the Slovenian Criminal Procedure Act amended in 2003 allowing the Police to obtain the possibility to interrogate the suspect and prepare the record, which can be used as evidence in the main hearing.67

In practice, only a small number of interrogations are conducted under Article 148.a of the Criminal Procedure Act, and therefore the use of such interrogations in accordance with this provision are rarel used as aformal piece of evidence at main heairings. As an evidence at the main trial the records from the judicial investigation are used or the charged person is diretly questioned. Due to this reason such procedures are not statistically monitored, nor is there a substantial amount of appropriate case law with regard to this since 2003. Case law in this field, insofar as it exists, is strictly oriented in the favour of suspects or defendants, and in particular, judicial power is very persistent with regard to the strict requirements of the so called

67 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 64.119

"Miranda Rules", and judicial reviews on the exclusion of unlawfully acquired evidence.68

When the Police interrogates the suspect in accordance with Article 148.a of the Criminal Procedure Act, this represents a formal act of investigation that can be performed by the Police only if strict conditions from the statute are fulfilled. In accordance with Article 148.a, paragraph 3 of the Criminal Procedure Act the court may not base its judicial decision on the statements of the suspect, if he was not instructed with his rights from Article 148.a, paragraph 4 (the so called "Miranda rule"), if the instruction provided and the statement of the suspect are not written in the records, if he was interrogated without a presence of the defence counsel (formal obligatory defence) or if activities were performed contrary to Article 227, paragraph 8 of the Criminal Procedure Act (force, threat or similar measures may not be used against the charged person to get his statement or confession - Article 266, paragraph 3).

Since in the case of interrogation in accordance with Article 148.a there is a formal investigatory activity that may be used as evidence before the court, the settled case law states that provision of Article 73 of the Criminal Procedure Act that provides for the right to review and transcribe judicial papers and to inspect the collected items of evidence, may be used for the interrogations in accordance with Article 148.a, even if this interrogation of the suspect does not mean that criminal proceedings have been officially started. This is an expression of the of the defendant`s right to have ample time and facilities to prepare his defence in accordance with Article 29., item 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia.

24. Please provide up-dated detailed information on the construction, adaptation and furnishing of detention facilities and psychiatric hospitals for the period 2006-2010.

In the area of adaptations of premises of psychiatric hospitals within the period 2006-2010 there were refurbishments or additions to premises and the capacities and service for the users were significantly or adequately increased in these psychiatric hospitals:

68 As an example of the standpoint of the highest court in the Republic of Slovenia we quote the decision of the Supreme Court, Ref. No. I Ips 417/2006: "The official annotation on the conversation of policemen with a suspect did not become a record on interrogation, due to the [mere fact of] policeman`s question to the suspect that was answered by him, since the interrogation of the suspect by the police may be conducted only with a presence of the defence lawyer in accordance with provisions of the statute, that are in force for the interrogation of the charged person in the proceedings (Articles 227-233 of the Criminal Procedure Act). This type of informal conversation of the suspect that was performed by the Police in this specific case, is not a base for the court`s decision, in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act (as is totally generally stated by the defence lawyer in his request)". [footnote by the Republic of Slovenia]

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1. Psychiatric hospital of Idrija (refurbishment of both buildings, a high level of residence is guaranteed for users, which includes additional activities);

2. Psychiatric hospital of Ormož (an annex was built, the old building of the hospital was refurbished, multipurpose premises were additionally built);

3. Psychiatric hospital of Begunje (refurbishment of premises - departments, ambulance offices on-duty, pharmacy, refurbishment and change of administrative premises to daily hospital).

The answer concerning the special forensic psychiatric hospital is provided in the answer to Question no. 9.

25. Please provide updated information, including statistics, disaggregated by sex, age and ethnicity, on the number of pre-trial detainees and convicted prisoners, the occupancy rate of all places of detention as well as on crimes reports filed against police officers for the period 2006-2010. Please also provide also information on the number of persons deprived of their liberty in psychiatric hospitals.

Presentation of statistical data disaggregated by sex, age and number of detained and convicted prisoners, and the occupancy rate for the period 2006-2010:

1. Number of remand prisoners and sentenced prisoners in the 2006-2010 period:

The Prison Administration of the Republic of Slovenia

REMAND PRISONERS

SENTENCED PRISONERS

2006 average 341 8902007 average 342 9392008 average 309 1,0022009 average 355 1,0112010 average 352 975

The table does not include other categories of prisoners, namely the following: persons under compliance detention, detained persons, juvenile prisoners, and minors who were subject to the educational measure of referral to a correction home.

2. Composition of sentenced prisoners by age and gender in 2006

AgeOn 1 Jan 2006 Newly admitted

TotalShare in %Male Female Total Male Female Total

18 to 23 years 37 1 38 96 2 98 136 7.423 to 27 years 138 4 142 196 6 202 344 18.627 to 39 years 328 8 336 417 25 442 778 42.239 to 49 years 157 6 163 193 11 204 367 20

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49 to 59 years 76 8 84 70 11 81 165 8.959 to 69 years 25 2 27 17 6 23 50 2.7Over 69 years 2 0 2 1 1 2 4 0.2TOTAL 763 29 792 990 62 1,052 1,844 100

3. Composition of sentenced prisoners by age and gender in 2007

AgeOn 1 Jan 2007 Newly admitted

TotalShare in %Male Female Total Male Female Total

18 to 23 years 43 0 43 93 3 96 139 7.423 to 27 years 150 2 152 182 9 191 343 18.327 to 39 years 371 15 386 410 18 428 814 43.539 to 49 years 167 6 173 164 11 175 348 18.649 to 59 years 70 6 76 77 9 86 162 8.759 to 69 years 24 4 28 21 4 25 53 2.8Over 69 years 6 1 7 5 0 5 12 0.6TOTAL 831 34 865 952 54 1,006 1,871 100

4. Composition of sentenced prisoners by age and gender in 2008

AgeOn 1 Jan 2008 Newly admitted

TotalShare in %Male Female Total Male Female Total

18 to 23 years 55 3 58 95 6 101 159 7.923 to 27 years 131 8 139 220 10 230 369 18.427 to 39 years 417 17 434 409 21 430 864 43.139 to 49 years 182 5 187 171 9 180 367 18.349 to 59 years 90 7 97 83 8 91 188 9.459 to 69 years 34 1 35 16 2 18 53 2.6Over 69 years 3 1 4 1 0 1 5 0.2TOTAL 912 42 954 995 56 1051 2005 100

5. Composition of sentenced prisoners by age and gender in 2009

AgeOn 1 Jan 2009 Newly admitted

TotalShare in %Male Female Total Male Female Total

18 to 23 years 47 1 48 85 9 94 142 7.223 to 27 years 155 8 163 151 7 158 321 16.327 to 39 years 413 20 433 437 13 450 883 44.939 to 49 years 217 6 223 146 10 156 379 19.349 to 59 years 99 9 108 70 4 74 182 9.359 to 69 years 27 3 30 20 3 23 53 2.7Over 69 years 3 0 3 1 1 2 5 0.3TOTAL 961 47 1008 910 47 957 1965 100

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6. Composition of sentenced prisoners by age and gender in 2010

AgeOn 1 Jan 2010 Newly admitted

TotalShare in %

MaleFemale Total Male Female Total

18 to 23 years 37 2 39 78 6 84 123 6.323 to 27 years 120 8 128 160 3 163 291 14.827 to 39 years 404 9 413 463 13 476 889 45.239 to 49 years 201 1 202 168 14 182 384 19.549 to 59 years 107 10 117 83 14 97 214 10.959 to 69 years 28 3 31 22 3 25 56 2.8Over 69 years 5 1 6 4 0 4 10 0.5TOTAL 902 34 936 978 53 1031 1967 100

7. Composition of remand prisoners by gender in the period 2006-2010

On 1 January Newly admittedTotal

Male Female Total Male Female TotalYear 2006 304 22 326 888 67 955 1281Year 2007 317 20 337 881 42 923 1260Year 2008 300 14 314 856 58 914 1228Year 2009 304 26 330 969 46 1015 1345Year 2010 353 16 369 869 54 923 1292

8. Occupancy of individual prisons and sections according to the average number of prisoners in 2006

Prison CapacityAverage number of prisoners Share of occupancy (in %)

Dob 233 344 147.8Slov. vas 63 44 69.9Ig 79 43 53.9Celje 96 98 101.8Koper 110 120 109.4N. Gorica 32 22 68.8Ljubljana 128 244 190.9N. mesto 35 37 105.6Radovljica 22 30 135.7Ig OPS 27 16 58.2Maribor 146 174 119.2M. Sobota 41 34 82.5Rogoza 36 36 100.8Radeče 68 26 38.2TOTAL 1116 1268 113.6

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9. Occupancy of individual prisons and sections according to the average number of prisoners in 2007

Prison CapacityAverage number of prisoners Share of occupancy (in %)

Dob 233 395.25 169.64Slov. vas 63 51.55 81.83Ig 79 49.1 62.15Celje 96 98.1 102.19Koper 110 118.09 107.35N. Gorica 32 28.71 89.72Ljubljana 128 256.68 200.53N. mesto 35 42 120Ig OPS 27 16.37 60.63Maribor 146 188.74 129.27M. Sobota 41 36.07 87.98Rogoza OPS 36 37.22 103.39Radeče 68 21.4 31.47TOTAL 1,094 1,339.28 122.42

10. Occupancy of individual prisons and sections according to the average number of prisoners in 2008

Prison CapacityAverage number of prisoners Share of occupancy (in %)

Dob 233 443.24 190.23Slov. vas 63 59.77 94.87Ig 83 56.73 68.35Celje 96 93.81 97.72Koper 110 121.24 110.22N. Gorica 32 28.17 88.03Ljubljana 128 251.98 196.86N. mesto 35 39.89 113.97Ig OPS 27 17.13 63.44Maribor 146 154.09 105.54M. Sobota 41 36.42 88.83Rogoza OPS 36 38.46 106.83Radeče 68 23.2 34.12TOTAL 1098 1364.13 124.24

11. Occupancy of individual prisons and sections according to the average number of prisoners in 2009

Prison CapacityAverage number of prisoners Share of occupancy (in %)

Dob 233 435.9 187.08

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Slov. vas 63 62.3 98.89Ig 83 59.7 71.93Celje 96 91.1 94.90Koper 110 126.5 115.00N. Gorica 32 25.9 80.94Ljubljana 128 261.9 204.61N. mesto 35 46.6 133.14Ig OPS 27 24.3 90.00Maribor 146 176.2 120.68M. Sobota 41 40.4 98.54Rogoza OPS 36 40 111.11Radeče 68 25 36.76TOTAL 1098 1415.8 128.94

12. Occupancy of individual prisons and sections according to the average number of prisoners in 2010

Prison CapacityAverage number of prisoners Share of occupancy (in %)

Dob 233 412.4 177.00Slov. vas 63 51.3 81.43Puščava 17 16.2 95.29Ig 83 49.6 59.76Celje 96 90.9 94.69Koper 110 133.7 121.55N. Gorica 32 29.8 93.13Ljubljana 128 245 191.41N. mesto 35 45.3 129.43Ig OPS 27 18.1 67.04Maribor 146 178.8 122.47M. Sobota 41 37.6 91.71Rogoza OPS 36 38.9 108.06Radeče 68 26.1 38.38TOTAL 1115 1373.7 123.20

13. Detention procedures in the field of compulsory psychiatric hospitalization, from the preliminary Court Statistics of the Republic of Slovenia for 2010

The Republic of Slovenia also submits preliminary Court Statistics for 2010 regarding the detention procedures in the field of compulsory psychiatric hospitalization, with data that we process.

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COURT STATISTICS 2010STATISTICS 2010

LOCAL COURTS

Pr matters of psychiatric detentionUnresolved

Code of Local court Unresolved Submitted Cases Resolved Unresolved 1.1.2010 unresolvedthe Court cases cases being cases cases 31.12.2010 resolved x 1000

1.1.2010 resolved 31.12.2010 difference % (in%)TOGETHER 51 2030 2081 2024 57 11,8% 2,8%

500 LOCAL COURT OF AJDOVŠČINA 0 11 11 11 0 0,0% 0,0%501 LOCAL COURT OF BREŽICE 0 1 1 1 0 0,0% 0,0%502 LOCAL COURT OF CELJE 1 82 83 83 0 -100,0% 0,0%503 LOCAL COURT OF CERKNICA 0 18 18 17 1 0,0% 5,6%504 LOCAL COURT OF ČRNIOMELJ 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%505 LOCAL COURT OF DOMŽALE 0 29 29 28 1 0,0% 3,4%506 LOCAL COURT OF GORNJA RADGONA 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%507 LOCAL COURT OF GROSUPLJE 0 9 9 9 0 0,0% 0,0%509 LOCAL COURT OF IDRIJA 0 297 297 295 2 0,0% 0,7%508 LOCAL COURT OF ILIRSKA BISTRICA 3 16 19 16 3 0,0% 18,8%510 LOCAL COURT OF JESENICE 0 1 1 1 0 0,0% 0,0%511 LOCAL COURT OF KAMNIK 0 7 7 7 0 0,0% 0,0%512 LOCAL COURT OF KOČEVJE 1 19 20 20 0 -100,0% 0,0%513 LOCAKL COURT OF KOPER / CAPODISTRIA 1 19 20 20 0 -100,0% 0,0%514 LOCAL COURT OF KRANJ 22 38 60 56 4 -81,8% 10,5%515 LOCAL COURT OF KRŠKO 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%516 LOCAL COURT OF LENART 0 17 17 15 2 0,0% 11,8%517 LOCAL COURT OF LENDAVA / LENDVA 0 9 9 9 0 0,0% 0,0%518 LOCAL COURT OF LITIJA 0 25 25 25 0 0,0% 0,0%519 LOCAL COURT OF LJUBLJANA 14 971 985 969 16 14,3% 1,6%520 LOCAL COURT OF LJUTOMER 0 12 12 11 1 0,0% 8,3%521 LOCAL COURT OF MARIBOR 1 115 116 109 7 600,0% 6,1%522 LOCAL COURT OF MURSKA SOBOTA 1 2 3 3 0 -100,0% 0,0%554 LOCAL COURT OF NOVA GORICA 0 44 44 44 0 0,0% 0,0%523 LOCAL COURT OF NOVO MESTO 0 1 1 1 0 0,0% 0,0%524 LOCAL COURT OF ORMOŽ 0 18 18 18 0 0,0% 0,0%525 LOCAL COURT OF PIRAN / PIRANO 1 0 1 1 0 -100,0% 0,0%526 LOCAL COURT OF POSTOJNA 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%527 LOCAL COURT OF PTUJ 0 4 4 4 0 0,0% 0,0%528 LOCAL COURT OF RADOVLJICA 0 163 163 163 0 0,0% 0,0%529 LOCAL COURT OF SEVNICA 0 1 1 1 0 0,0% 0,0%530 LOCAL COURT OF SEŽANA 1 15 16 16 0 -100,0% 0,0%532 LOCAL COURT SLOVENJGRADEC 0 9 9 7 2 0,0% 22,2%531 LOCAL COURT OF SLOVENSKA BISTRICA 0 6 6 4 2 0,0% 33,3%533 LOCAL COURT OF SLOVENSKE KONJICE 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%534 LOCAL COURT OF ŠENTJUR 0 2 2 1 1 0,0% 50,0%535 LOCAL COURT OF ŠKOFJA LOKA 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%536 LOCAL COURT OF ŠMARJE PRI JELŠAH 0 2 2 2 0 0,0% 0,0%537 LOCAL COURT OF TOLMIN 0 8 8 8 0 0,0% 0,0%538 LOCAL COURT OF TRBOVLJE 0 18 18 17 1 0,0% 5,6%539 LOCAL COURT OF TREBNJE 0 0 0 0 0 0,0% 0,0%540 LOCAL COURT OF VELENJE 0 15 15 6 9 0,0% 60,0%541 LOCAL COURT OF VRHNIKA 1 5 6 4 2 100,0% 40,0%542 LOCAL COURT OF ŽALEC 4 21 25 22 3 -25,0% 14,3%

26. Please provide up-dated disaggregated statistical data regarding reported deaths in detention facilities and psychiatric hospitals according to the location of detention, sex, age, ethnicity of the deceased and cause of death for the period 2006-2010. Please make available detailed information on the results of the investigations in respect of those deaths and measures implemented to prevent suicides and other sudden deaths that occur in detention centres.

A.) Statistical data on the deaths in prisons, broken down by location of detention, gender, age and causes of death, and the information on the results of the investigations on these deaths:

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YearNumber

of all deaths

Number of

suicides

Share of suicides

according to all

deaths

Average number of prisoners

Mortality per 10,000 prisoners

Suicides per

10,000 prisoners

2006 4 1 25.00% 1268 31.55 7.892007 8 3 37.50% 1339 59.75 22.402008 7 3 42.86% 1364 51.32 21.992009 4 2 50.00% 1416 28.25 14.122010 5 1 20.00% 1374 36.39 7.282006-2010 28 10 35.71% 5387 51.98 18.56

DEATHS in 2006

1. Sentenced person, born in 1981Maribor PrisonMethadone and midozolam poisoning. An inspection by Maribor Police Force was conducted with the participation of the investigating judge from Maribor District Court Maribor and the District State Prosecutor.

2. Sentenced person, born in 1948Dob PrisonSuicide by hanging. An inspection of the scene of the event was conducted by the on-duty physician from Trebnje Health Centre, a police officer from Trebnje Police Station, the District State Prosecutor and an investigating judge, as well as by criminal police officers from the Novo mesto Police Directorate.

3. Sentenced person, born in 1971Dob PrisonHe collapsed when returning from the walking area. He was transported to a health care institution by ambulance. On the way, the physician declared death. The autopsy confirmed heart attack as the cause of death.

4. Sentenced person, born in 1979Maribor PrisonThe autopsy revealed methadone and tramodol poisoning as the cause of death.

DEATHS in 2007

1. Sentenced person, born in 1937Slovenska vas Open and Semi-Open Prison SectionA guard found a sentenced person in bed. The person did not show any signs of life and had death spots on the face. A physician from Trebnje Health Centre declared death by natural causes.

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2. Detained person, born in 1954Celje Prison and Correction HomeSuicide by hanging. The commission for determining the causes of death was composed of an on-duty investigating judge, the District State Prosecutor, the Prison and Correction Home Director, and a medical expert in the field of forensic medicine.He was judicially detained from 30 March 2007 from 5.45 p.m. During triage, no suicidal risk was established.

3. Remand prisoner, born in 1968Ljubljana PrisonSuicide by overdose. The commission, appointed by the Vice President of the District Court in Ljubljana, established that the remand prisoner had committed suicide by ingestion of medicinal products.

4. Sentenced person, born in 1967Maribor PrisonThe court-ordered autopsy revealed a sudden failure of vital life functions, respiration and heart function as the direct cause of death. We have not been able to obtain the findings of toxicological analyses conducted at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Ljubljana. The sentenced person was a diabetic patient and a drug addict.

5. Remand prisoner, born in 1974 - former Federal Republic of YugoslaviaKoper PrisonSuicide by cutting. The commission established that the remand prisoner cut his own throat using a piece of broken glass (a glass shelf from the bathroom). The injury was so serious that the first aid given by the guards and the medical team, who arrived at the prison within a short period of time, could not have been successful.The remand prisoner had been in therapy with the prison psychiatrist. For a short period of time, he had been hospitalized at the Idrija Psychiatric Hospital.

6. Sentenced person, born in 1946Dob PrisonDeath by heart attack. On 11 October 2007, he had heart surgery and was placed in an intensive care surgical department. He died at Ljubljana Medical Clinical Centre.

7. Remand prisoner, born in 1940Maribor PrisonHe died at the pulmonary department of the Maribor University Medical Centre. He had been hospitalized since 18 September 2007.

8. Remand prisoner, born in 1974 - LithuaniaMaribor Prison - Murska Sobota SectionFellow remand prisoners and guards attempted to resuscitate the remand prisoner. The medical team arrived at 2.02 a.m. and continued with resuscitation procedures. The court did not order an autopsy. The

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pathologist stated that the lungs of the deceased were completely filled with food and stomach content, furthermore, an inhibition of the swallowing reflex occurred which resulted in the filling of the lungs.

DEATHS in 2008

1. Remand prisoner, born in 1964Maribor PrisonSuicide by hanging on 29 December 2007 (resuscitation procedures undertaken between 29 December 2007 and 7 February 2008) at Maribor University Medical Centre.He was given first aid by the guards, until the arrival of the rescue team.

2. Sentenced person, born in 1946Dob PrisonSuicide by hanging. In accordance with this prisoner’s established suicidal risk, he was regularly monitored by the prison psychiatrist, psychologist and the expert personnel of the section, while he was also under increased surveillance by the guards. The sentenced person was monitored on a daily basis by the relevant health care personnel. He was placed in a facility with an outpatient regime.

3. Person in compliance detention, born in 1950Ljubljana PrisonDeath due to an internal haemorrhage and the resulting cardiac arrest at Ljubljana Medical Centre. He was examined by the prison physician on 29 February 2008. It revealed liver disorder and polyneuropathy as a consequence of a long-term addiction to alcohol.

4. Sentenced person, born in 1966Dob PrisonThe deceased was not a drug addict and he did not receive any therapy. The on-duty physician ordered a sanitary autopsy.

5. Sentenced person, born in 1963Maribor PrisonDeath occurred due to the presence of methadone in the blood (0.64 mg/l). On the body itself, a minor hole in the skin was found in the left hand groin, which indicated that the deceased had done this to himself some time ago, due to the injection of drugs. The autopsy revealed highly expressed organ disorders.

6. Sentenced person, born in 1962Dob PrisonSuicide by hanging. At 12.55 a.m., the sentenced person and his wife started enjoying a 4-hour unsupervised visit outside of the prison. At 3.25 p.m., the wife reported that he had hit her and escaped towards the forest. A search operation was launched. At 6.20 p.m., a body was found, hanging from a tree. An inspection of the scene of the event

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was conducted by criminal police officers, while the physician ordered a sanitary autopsy.

7. Sentenced person, born in 1949Dob PrisonHe collapsed whilst taking a shower. Prior to that, he had complained about pain in the chest area. The guards unsuccessfully attempted resuscitation, and the on-duty physician declared death. Trebnje Police Force conducted an inspection of the scene of death. A sanitary autopsy was ordered.

DEATHS in 2009

1. Remand prisoner, born in 1978Koper PrisonSuicide by hanging. The guards attempted to resuscitate him until the arrival of physician who declared death. The scene of the event was inspected by a criminal police officer from the Koper Police Directorate, the Vice President of the District Court, the State Prosecutor, the physician, and the Prison Director.

2. Sentenced person, born in 1943Dob PrisonWe were informed of the death of the sentenced person by Novo mesto General Hospital, where the sentenced person had been hospitalized at the pulmonary department since 22 February 2009.

3. Sentenced person, born in 1930Dob PrisonThe sentenced person had been on temporary release due to the person’s poor medical condition, and lived at a civil society institution.

4. Sentenced person, born in 1983Dob PrisonSuicide by hanging. The commission, appointed by the Director General of the Prison Administration of the Republic of Slovenia, did not establish any irregularities.

DEATHS in 2010

1. Female sentenced person, born in 1959Ig PrisonAt 7.10 a.m., the female sentenced person was transported to a health care institution by ambulance. At 8.00 a.m., she was admitted to the health care institution. At 10.15 p.m., the on-duty physician informed the prison that the patient had passed away.

2. Remand prisoner, born in 1964Ljubljana Prison – Novo mesto Section

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The commission consisting of the District Judge Councillor, the District State Prosecutor, the physician and the Head of the Novo mesto Section of Ljubljana Prison, established the cause of death to be pneumonia and other injury complications caused by injuries inflicted by the jump through the window on the 2nd floor of Novo mesto General Hospital. The commission believes that no error was made in the implementation of remand and the protection of the remand prisoner during hospitalization.

3. Remand prisoner, born in 1954Maribor PrisonSuicide by hanging. The scene of the event was inspected by criminal police officers from Maribor Police Force, accompanied by the investigating judge and the on-duty State Prosecutor. No irregularities were established.

4. Remand prisoner, born in 1963Maribor PrisonHe passed away at the thoracic department of Maribor University Medical Centre, where he had been admitted on 28 July 2010.

5. Sentenced person, born in 1971Dob PrisonOn 3 December 2010, the sentenced prisoner completed his treatment at Novo mesto General Hospital and was, accompanied by an ambulance and a judicial police officer, transported for a medical examination at the Ljubljana Polje Psychiatric Hospital. Since no special problems were established at the psychiatric hospital, the sentenced prisoner was brought to the prison at 5.25 p.m. He was taken to the prison infirmary on a stretcher, where the prison nurse removed his catheter. At 5.30 p.m., the sentenced prisoner was placed in infirmary room 35 in the 1st department. Upon the collection of dishes at 5.50 p.m., two fellow prisoners, who had shared the room with the sentenced prisoner, informed judicial police officers of the poor medical condition of the sentenced prisoner. They had reported this to the prison nurse, who came to the room and established that the sentenced person had a very weak heartbeat, which is why she immediately informed the on-duty physician at Trebnje Health Centre. At 6.20 p.m., an ambulance arrived at the prison, and its medical personnel immediately started to attempt to resuscitate the sentenced prisoner. At 6.56 p.m., the death of the sentenced prisoner was confirmed.An inspection of the scene of the event was conducted by the investigating judge, the District State Prosecutor and criminal police officers from the Criminal Police Service of The Novo mesto Police Directorate. No special problems were established during the inspection.

Overview of deaths by locations

Prison/section All deaths Share of suicides Dob pri Mirni Prison 11 4

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Maribor Prison 8 2Koper Prison 2 2Ljubljana Prison 2 1Celje Prison and Correction Home

1 1

Ig Prison (for women) 1 0Novo mesto Section 1 0Murska Sobota Section 1 0Slovenska vas Section 1 0TOTAL 28 10

One person was female. All others were males.

Data on ethnicity is not processed. One sentenced prisoners was a citizen of Lithuania, while one of the remand prisoners was a citizen of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. All others were citizens of the Republic of Slovenia.

B). Activities and Measures for Suicide Prevention:

Based on an analysis of the situation, and taking into account good foreign practices, the Administration for the Enforcement of Penal Sanctions of the Republic of Slovenia (The Prison Administration of the Republic of Slovenia) adopted “The Suicide Prevention Strategy”. Professional recommendations for internal use were also prepared.

We began with the systematic education of prison personnel in recognising suicidal risk factors. A large number of employees working in all services were initially included in the education process at two educational forums: “Determining Suicidal Risk Factors Upon Admission" and "Suicide Prevention”, both lasting six hours. The subject of suicide prevention was included in the mandatory education of new judicial police officers.

Last year and two years ago, two longer intense training courses of 54 hours were facilitated, focusing on presentations and case studies. A supervisory group was formed this year, composed of participants from both groups and from every location. The main task of the group is to exchange information and good practices, as well as to transfer this to all other relevant institutions and departments. In 2004, we introduced a systematic assessment of suicidal risk factors for every imprisoned person upon admission to prison, using the interview supported by a questionnaire as its basis.

A committed suicide is an extremely burdensome situation, both for the personnel of the institution and for the other imprisoned persons, therefore help in the form of debriefing is provided in such cases.

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Considering that deaths and suicides occur as rare events, it would be too early to speak of the positive impact of measures and to be satisfied with positive trends. The efforts of the Republic of Slovenia are not only directed toward reducing suicides in prisons, but also toward all types of autodestructive behaviour prevention.

C) THE HEALTH CARE SECTOR

Number and Causes of “Sudden” Deaths in Psychiatric Hospitals

At the Department of Psychiatry of the Maribor Teaching Hospital, 17 persons (11 women and 6 men) died in the period 2006-2010. Most of them were elderly (aged between 70 and 94), with the exception of two persons aged 46 and 57 years, respectively. The main cause of death was cardiac arrest.

In the same period, 12 persons (6 women and 6 men) died at Ljubljana Psychiatric Clinic. The main cause of death was cardiac arrest, with the exception of one respiratory arrest.

In the period 2006-2010, two men (aged 50 and 81) from the closed section of the Begunje Psychiatric Hospital died. The cause of death was cardiac arrest in both cases.

In the period 2006-2010, a woman aged 59 died at Idrija Psychiatric Hospital. She died after an acute deterioration in respiratory function, after an attempt of resuscitation and salvage by helicopter. The autopsy showed death was as a result of pulmonary embolism.

In the same period, 9 persons (8 men and 1 woman) died at Ormož Psychiatric Hospital. All of them died of cardiac arrest.

All hospitals systematically monitor warning hazardous events, and prepare special measures if such events are detected. At Ljubljana Psychiatric Clinic, Special Clinical Pathways for the Hospital Management of a Suicidal Patient were implemented in 2010.

Number of suicides with respect to 10.000 incarcerated persons

38,86

73,31

26,21

49,38

10,54

35,37 33,25 34,84

26,79

0,00

17,59

7,8914,12

7,28

22,40 21,99

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

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27. Considering the declaration of unconstitutionality by the Slovenian Constitutional Court of Articles 70-81 of the Non-litigious Civil Procedure Act,69 please provide up-dated information on the current legislation regulating confinement in psychiatric hospitals.

Based on the aforementioned Decision of the Constitutional Court of The Republic of Slovenia of 2003 (Decision of the Constitutional Court, Ref. No. U-I-60/03 of 4 December 2003), a special Mental Health Act was adopted in 2008, which is presented in more details in answer to Question no. 28.

28. Please provide detailed information on the proposed legislation on mental health mentioned in the State report70, if it has been adopted and, if so, provide detailed information on the procedure for the confinement of mental patients in psychiatric hospitals and social welfare institutions.

Detention proceedings for people with mental health problems in social institutions are governed by the Mental Health Act of 2008 (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 77/08). The abovementioned Act regulates proceedings before a court for the admission without consent of a person to the department under the special surveillance of a psychiatric hospital, to a closed section of a social security facility and to supervised management. In the proceedings before a court, a person with mental disorder must be represented by a lawyer, or more specifically, according to this Act, in all proceedings before a court, representation through an attorney who is a lawyer is mandatory, which includes all proceedings of forced deprivation of liberty or forced hospitalisations. For a juvenile and an adult declared legally incompetent, a lawyer is authorised by their legal representative, unless when proceedings are opened at their request. In such cases a lawyer is appointed by the court.

Admission to a psychiatric hospital or a social security facility may be carried out in the following ways:

1. Admission with consent,

2. Admission without consent, by decision of a court;

3. Admission without consent in emergencies, when the person has been detained in the department under the special surveillance of a psychiatric hospital, on the basis of a physician`s notice of a selected personal physician, psychiatrist or other physician before the court has made its decision.

When a person is admitted without her consent in emergency situations, the physician on-duty of the psychiatric hospital has to inform the detained person immediatelly about her rights from Article 58 of the Mental Health Act and inform the Director of the psyhiatric hospital and the Diretcor has to inform the competent court. After the court received this information, it has to adopt a ruling on starting the procedure within one day and in the next day visit and interrogate the detained person, in the presence of a lawyer. The court has to decide

69 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 89. 70 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 101-111.

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on detention of this person within the deadline of three days after the visit was performed.

Treatment of a person in the department with the special surveillance of a psychiatric hospital without their consent is admissible if all of the following conditions have been fulfilled:

– if they endanger their own life or lives of others, or if they severely endanger their health or health of others, or if they cause serious pecuniary damage to themselves or others,

– if the endangerment referred to in the previous indent arises from a mental disorder which causes the person to have a disturbed perception of reality and their own ability to control their actions,

- and if the above reasons and endangerment referred to in the first and second indents of this paragraph cannot be contained by other forms of help (treatment in a psychiatric hospital outside the department with special surveillance, outpatient treatment, or under controlled management).

A person is admitted to a closed section of a social security facility if all of the following reasons have been fulfilled:

– if acute hospital treatment has been concluded or is not necessary,

– if they need constant care which cannot be provided in the home setting or by any other means,

– if they endanger their own life or lives of others, or if they severely endanger their health or health of others, or if they cause serious material damage to themselves or others,

– if the endangerment referred to in the previous indent arises from a mental disorder causing the person to have a disturbed perception of reality and their own ability to control their actions,

– if the above reasons and endangerment referred to in the third and fourth indents cannot be contained by other forms of help (outside the social security facility, under controlled management),

– if they fulfil other conditions for the admission to a social security facility set out by social security regulation.

According to the Mental Health Act, the proceedings must be instituted ex officio by the court even when it has not been officially informed of the admission without consent, but becomes aware thereof by any means.

The Mental Health Act lays down the right to representative from the field of mental health in relation to the enforcement of rights in all treatment procedures in the departments under special surveillance of a psychiatric hospital, in closed sections of a social security facility, and under controlled management. A person with mental disorder is frequently in situations where they cannot protect their rights by themselves, therefore the proposed act introduces a system of representation which completes and builds upon the right to a representative granted to people as health service users according to

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the Patients’ Rights Act. Provision is made for an individual to be able to exercise both functions if conditions according to both the Mental Health Act and the Patients’ Rights Act are fulfilled.

The Act sets out the use of specific protective measures enabling treatment or management of a person's dangerous behaviour.

The Act specifies special methods of treatment, such as:

- treatment with electroconvulsive therapy,

- hormonal treatment,

- the use of psychotropic drugs in quantities exceeding the maximum prescribed dose.

Special methods of treatment can only be used if approved by a medical council composed of at least three psychiatrists, of whom at least one is not employed at the psychiatric hospital where the person is being treated and has not treated the person.

The remaining conditions to be fulfilled in order to allow for the use of special methods of treatment are the following:

- the written consent of the person has been presented,

- no other efficient method of treatment for adequate health care is available,

- the method is essential for the person’s treatment,

- the expected benefit outweighs the foreseeable risk and burden caused by the proposed treatment.

In addition to the aforementioned conditions, a positive opinion by a psychiatrist who does not treat the person and is not a member of the medical council is required for treatment with electroconvulsive therapy or hormonal treatment.

By the end of 2010, The Republic of Slovenia also employed 19 coordinators of community management responsible for the mental health sections at Social Work Centres. By the end of 2010, 30 additional coordinators are to be employed. The coordinators are qualified professional workers, having at least a higher education (in health, psychology, social pedagogy or other adequate programmes) and at least three years of working experience in the field of mental health protection, social security, health, or in non-governmental organisations implementing mental health programmes. Their task is the execution of assistance to persons who no longer need treatment in a psychiatric hospital or controlled management, but needing help in psychosocial rehabilitation, everyday activities, managing living conditions and inclusion in everyday life on the basis of a management plan. All tasks are focused on finding adequate solutions aimed at returning the service users back to their home setting as soon as possible. On the basis of Article 26 of the Mental Health Act and Article 11 of the Rules on Providing Representative Service in the Field of Mental Health and of the public appeal of 20 August, 2010, and upon prior agreement with the Minister of Health and the Minister of Labour, Family and Social Affairs’ appointed representatives of persons in the field of mental health. Each representative has been appointed for the supervision of two psychiatric hospitals.

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29. The State party’s Report mentions new rules on Police Powers to better protect human rights and freedoms, a catalogue of standards for police procedures as well as several manuals relating to the use of instruments of restraint to improve the professional work of police officers.71 Please provide detailed information on the content of such standards.

The Catalogue of Standard Police Procedures includes all basic police procedures in respect of statutory powers and different work scopes. They are classified according to the type of procedure which police rules classify as normal, sensitive or dangerous. Procedures in the Catalogue are shown according to a system of supporting points, in the order they are applied in practice. The Catalogue assists police officers when executing a procedure, as well as afterwards, when the report has to be prepared, and individual tasks have to be documented and the use of powers has to be recorded. It is also intended for the heads of police units who have to monitor the legality and the professionalism of police officers in conducting procedures. The Catalogue is a collection of basic police procedures with legal and professional rules, with an emphasis on the security of police officers.

As stated in the answer to the Question no. 20, the conditions for the use of coercive measures are set out by the Police Act, and the Rules on Police Powers regulate the method of using coercive measures and reporting on the use and assessment of using coercive means. Manuals for the use of specific coercive measures include legal and professional rules, instructions and explanations for the use of coercive measures.

Article 12 and 13

30. According to the State party’s report, mechanisms have been set up to prevent and establish potential maltreatment of detainees.72

Please provide detailed information on such mechanisms and on any other measures taken to improve the generally insufficient and untimely disciplinary procedures against police officers.

The answer is partially included in the answer to the Question no 7. We additionally explain that one of the most important mechanisms for preventing a potential mishandling or initiation of such a mishandling of detained persons is the establishment of a specialised department functioning within the Group of State Prosecutors for the Prosecution of Organised Crime at the Supreme State Prosecutor`s Office of the Republic of Slovenia, which has had subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction since 1 November 2007, for the prosecution of all criminal offences committed by officials employed within the police, and was established for the purpose of independent and unbiased processing of such criminal offences. The abovementioned mechanisms also include previously presented activities and measures (provision of

71 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 129.72 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 113.

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rights, preparation of internal acts, the training of police officers, police hearing, appeal procedure,…).

On 15 February, 2010, the Secretary-General of the Ministry of the Interior submitted a letter to all of the internal organisational units of the Ministry of the Interior, the Inspectorate for Interior Affairs, the General Police Directorate and the Police Directorates to point out the problems of a statute of limitation for disciplinary proceedings. The organisational units were specifically warned of the timely submission of proposals to initiate disciplinary proceedings, and their legality, consistency and care in conducting disciplinary proceeding, and when deciding on disciplinary responsibility and the timely serving of all documents pertaining to the disciplinary proceedings.

On 18 March, 2010, a lecture was held for the representatives of the internal organisational units of the Ministry of the Interior, the Inspectorate for Internal Affairs, the General Police Directorate and Police Directorates at the premises of the Police Academy in Tacen to present the provisions of the Civil Servants Act regulating disciplinary proceedings, and to draw the attention of the participants to the aforementioned findings.

31. Please provide detailed information on cases where disciplinary procedures were initiated against police officers and the kind of disciplinary sanctions applied.73

In 2010, 34 disciplinary proceedings were initiated against police officers, of which, taking into account the available data, 24 final decisions were taken on disciplinary responsibility/non-responsibility.

17 Disciplinary proceedings were initiated in accordance with the second paragraph of Article 123 of the Civil Servants Act (serious disciplinary infringement), of which 7 were suspended (either because disciplinary responsibility was not established or elements of severe disciplinary violation were not established), and in two cases a monetary fine was imposed. In accordance with the first paragraph of Article 123 of the Civil Servants Act (minor disciplinary infringement), 17 disciplinary proceedings were initiated in 2010, of which 4 were suspended (due to the statute of limitation on the initiation, or due to the conduct of disciplinary proceedings, or due to a lack of evidence of the police officer having committed a minor disciplinary infringement), in 8 cases a reprimand was imposed on the police officer and a monetary fine was imposed on two police officers. The unlawful, unprofessional or excessive use of coercive measures was a reason for the initiation of disciplinary proceedings in 5 cases, namely:

unlawful deprivation of liberty and detention – disciplinary proceedings against the police officer were suspended due to the statute of limitation on the conduct of proceedings;

indecent behaviour and use of physical force – disciplinary proceedings against the police officer were suspended due to a lack of evidence;

73 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 35-36.138

unprofessional use of coercive means, non-reporting of the use of coercive means – a disciplinary commission appointed by the Director-General of the Police imposed a reprimand on the police officer; however, the Commissions for Appeals concerning Labour Relations as the body of second instance complied with the police officer’s complaint and decided to suspend the disciplinary proceedings due to the statute of limitation on the conduct;

non-use of handcuffs and other restraining means, although police officers should have used them in compliance with directions, which resulted in the escape of a prisoner – disciplinary proceedings were initiated against a male and a female police officer.

In 2009, 20 police disciplinary proceedings were initiated, of which 15 became final (information on finality also includes disciplinary proceedings from 2008 which became final in 2009). By the final decision of the disciplinary bodies, 8 disciplinary measures were imposed on police employees, of which reprimand was imposed on four police officers and a monetary fine was imposed on four police officers due to minor disciplinary infringements. Of the disciplinary proceedings initiated in 2009, 7 were definitely suspended (two of them because of the statute of limitation on the conduct of disciplinary proceedings, and five because of the lack of evidence).

In 2008, 46 disciplinary proceedings were initiated, of which 54 became final (information on finality also includes disciplinary proceedings from 2007 which became final in 2008). By the final decision of the disciplinary bodies, 20 disciplinary measures were imposed on police employees, of which reprimand was imposed on 10 police officers, a monetary fine due to minor disciplinary infringements on four police officers, and a monetary fine due to serious disciplinary infringement on six police officers. In 2008, 34 disciplinary proceedings were definitely suspended, 11 of them due to the statute of limitation on the conduct of the disciplinary proceedings, 9 due to the lack of evidence, and 14 due to non-responsibility of the police officer for the disciplinary infringement.

According to statistical data, three written warnings before the regular termination of employment contract were issued in 2010 due to the excessive use of coercive measures, and two written warnings before the regular termination of employment contracts were issued in 2009. According to the available data, the procedure of regular or extraordinary termination of employment contracts due to the excessive use of coercive measures was not initiated against any police officer.

32. Please provide detailed information on the measures taken to deal with court backlogs and, more specifically, on the content of the projects ‘Hercules’ and ‘Lukenda’ recently adopted.74 Please provide information on the concrete positive outcome of such projects.

The answer is already partially included in the answer to Question no 8.

74 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 114.139

In more details, the Republic of Slovenia explains that in 2006 in accordance with a proposal by the Government, a special Act was adopted in Slovenia (Act on the Protection of Right to Trial without Undue Delay) to aid parties in judicial proceedings that introduces acceleratory legal remedies in cases of excessively long judicial proceedings as well as means of just satisfaction (compensation – especially financial indemnity).

Furthermore, a special programme for eliminating court backlogs that contains a mosaic of measures (relating to staff, premises, finances etc.) was adopted at the end of 2005. This programme called “The Lukenda Project” has proven to be successful.

Following the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in the case Lukenda v. Slovenia of 6th of October 2005 (No. 23032/02, ECHR 2005-X) and the Decision No. U-I-65/05 of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia (22nd of September 2005), both obliging the Slovenian State to establish conditions in which the right to a trial without undue delay must be enforced, the Slovenian Government adopted on 12 December 2005 a Joint State Project on the Elimination of Court Backlogs, the so-called Lukenda Project. Its goal is the elimination of backlogs in Slovenian courts and prosecutor's offices by the end of 2010, by providing for structural and managerial reform of the justice system. The preparation of the Act on the Protection of the Right to a Trial without undue Delay was part of the Lukenda Project.

The effectiveness of implementation of the abovementioned Act and programme is constantly being monitored by the European Court of Human Rights and, so far, the reviews have been positive.

In 2009, the Government prepared Amendments to the Act that was adopted by the legislative branch. They are aimed at strengthening the effectiveness of the implementation of the Act, thus providing additional protection to the right of parties in legal proceedings to a trial without undue delay and trial within a reasonable time.

And in 2009, the top of the judicial branch, which, in terms of the division of powers and independence of the courts is, of course, independent both from the executive as well as the legislative branches, assessed that the project for eliminating backlogs was being implemented fairly successfully.

The Lukenda Project has been proven as a successful means in eliminating most of court backlogs by 31st of December 2010, however, assessments by the independent judiciary have shown that elimination of court backlogs shall continue after 2010 due in a significant part to external factors such as for example the current economic and financial crisis and therewith related elevated influx of cases to the Slovenian courts.

Therefore the Government has on the 26th of August 2010 decided to extend certain activities pertaining with the Project Lukenda for a further two years (until the 31st of December 2012) to counterpoint the current elevated influx of cases (in the year 2009 alone Slovenian courts have received over 925.000 new cases – with the total number of pending cases of 1,45 million – which is considered the largest influx of new cases in the last 20 years; in the same year the courts have solved 939.000 cases, showing an increase of 12,7 % compared to the year 2008).

Statistical data shows a significant decrease of almost 14% (13, 92% to be exact) in the number of court backlogs in Slovenia if we compare

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the Court statistics data pertaining to the 31st of December 2008 and 31st of December 2009.

The predecessor of The Lukenda Project was the so-called “Hercules” Programme that started in 2001 and had basically the same objective – a substantive reduction of court backlogs among other measures through the use of mobile judges and transfers of cases. This Programme has not been entirely successful in achieving these goals in general (however it did lay down some groundwork for the subsequent Lukenda Project) on the other hand its merits were proven in the area of court backlogs in land registry cases and cases pertaining to execution of judgments in civil matters as it did serve to noticeably reduce the latter and practically eliminate the former.

The implementation of the Lukenda Project and activities connected therewith has resulted in substantive overall reduction of cases and not only of the cases, considered in the national legislation as court backlogs. We would like to stress the fact that the term “court backlogs” as defined by the Slovenian national legislation cannot be freely equated with the term the “reasonable time”-limit in which a trial has to be concluded that is used by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. If the national time-limit that defines when a case becomes a “backlog” is not upheld that does not automatically mean that the trial is not held “within a reasonable time” as defined by the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.

Therefore in the Republic of Slovenia the Supreme Court, the Judicial Council and the Ministry of Justice have reached an agreement whereby the term “court backlogs” as currently defined by the national legislation shall in foreseeable time be replaced with the term (and definition) “foreseeable timeframe for case-resolution”. Fact is that in Slovenia in the past few years the definitions that regulate when specific types of court cases become “backlogs” have been frequently changed (and thus became increasingly more and more stringent) which inevitably caused that the comparison of yearly statistical data pertaining to “court backlogs” has become less and less transparent and therefore more and more incomparable.

According to the Framework Programme CEPEJ (2004) 19 REV 2 of the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ)75 a new objective for judicial systems has to be set: the processing of each case within an optimum and foreseeable timeframe. The objective of reducing the length of proceedings must as such result in each case being completed in an optimum timeframe which satisfies at the same time the society, the parties, the victims and the accused persons, etc (the users). It is therefore no longer acceptable, in judicial proceedings, for users to be left in a state of absolute uncertainty as to the time it will take to examine their cases and for them to have no possibility of influencing the length of the proceedings. Fact is that the current Slovenian national definition of “court backlogs” does not satisfy this criterion as from the mere fact that a case can be considered “a backlog” the users have no way of knowing when in the foreseeable future their case will be processed. However with the establishment and implementation of the “foreseeable timeframe for case-resolution” mechanism this objective, set out by CEPEJ Committee of the Council of Europe, will be met.

75 The European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) was established on 18 September 2002 with Resolution Res(2002)12 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe [footnote by the Republic of Slovenia].

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As shown in previous paragraphs the total elimination of backlogs in the Republic of Slovenia is not yet completely feasible. However the positive effect of the implementation of the Lukenda Project combined with the recent reorganization of the system of court management brought on by the recent Act Amending the Courts Act of 2009 are clearly more and more evident.

Noticeable effects are felt not only in the area of noticeable decreases in number of so called “court backlogs” as defined in national legislation but also in the overall reduction of all cases pending before the Slovenian Courts. The total reduction of all cases pending according to the Court statistics was 9, 2 % in the year 2009 (comparison of statistic data on the 31st of December 2009 with the data on 1st of January 2009). If we compare the Court statistics for the year 2009 with the situation in 2005 the total reduction of all pending cases before the Slovenian Courts in an impressive 21, 7 %.

The overall result is that in the year 2009 due to the activity of the Slovenian Courts combined with the results of the implementation of the Lukenda Project the total number of pending cases in Slovenia has fallen to the lowest level since the year 1996. This is also evident in the average time-period in which a case before the Slovenian Court is decided which in 2009 was 6, 1 months compared with 14, 1 months in the year 1998. The same can be said for the average time-period for deciding in the so-called “important cases” where the average time-period fell from 21, 8 months in 1998 to 9 months in 2009, which is the lowest level since the year 1990. Therefore we expect that court backlogs shall be "extinguished" in the Republic of Slovenia by the end of 2012.

33. According to the concern expressed by the CPT in the Report on its 2006 visit to Slovenia about the independency and impartiality of the new police complaints procedure,76 please provide information on the measures that have been taken to ensure that the persons responsible for investigating complaints against the police are not from the same service as those who are the subject of the investigation.

In compliance with the Police Act and the Rules on Resolution of Complaints, the complaints that were unsuccessfully conciliated in compliance with the reconciliation process, and complaints that give rise to suspicion that a criminal offence has been committed, shall be treated by a Panel consisting of a representative of the Ministry of the Interior (MI) and two representatives of the public. In cases giving rise to the suspicion of the committing of a criminal offence, MI shall appoint a rapporteur to conduct a comprehensive review of the complaint and inform the Panel of its findings. In line with the

76 As pointed out by the CPT in its Report on its 2006 visit to Slovenia, the 2003 reform led to the establishment of a specific Complaints Section at the Ministry of the Interior’s Police and Security Directorate. Complaints are subjected to a two-stage review: (i) the head of the police unit in which the officer who is complained of is working established the facts pertaining to the complaint, and (ii) in cases where the complainant does not agree with the findings, the complaint is forwarded to the Ministry of the Interior to review the case and the complaint is subsequently examined by a special panel (chaired by a person appointed by the Minister and including two members of the public). See CPT/Inf (2008) 8, para. 15

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amendment of Article 25 of the Rules (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 117/05), in force as from 24 December, 2005, the Panel Rapporteur is, as a rule, a staff member of MI. Additionally, all matters in which a police officer is suspected of having committed a criminal offence shall be investigated by the Specialised Department at Supreme State Prosecutor`s Office of the Republic of Slovenia in accordance with sectoral laws.

Within the amendments of the (new) police legislation, complaint proceeding is also amended. The purpose is to provide an independent, objective, professional and high-quality resolution of complaints against police officers. For this purpose, the “dominus litus” of the entire appeal proceeding shall be the Ministry of the Interior which has (or shall have) the appropriate powers and capacity to investigate the alleged violations of human rights and freedoms in implementing police tasks. In preparation for the amended complaint proceeding, the solutions in comparable European countries were considered, as well as EPAC (European Partners Against Corruption) recommendations that prepared and adopted European Police Oversight Principles at the European Union level in November 2010. It has been set out that, as a rule, a complaint is to be resolved within the organisational police unit where the alleged violation took place, excluding exceptional cases determined by law (serious bodily injury, grievous bodily injury, or death; the use of particular instruments of restraint against more than three persons; the use of firearms; the wider media response; the involvement of children or minors, members of ethnic minorities, or other discriminated groups; if the complaint contains probable statements about torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment; if the complaint has been filed against senior police officers, and if the complaint body assesses that due to the serious interference with the individual’s rights or freedom, an independent investigation is necessary), and in cases of unsuccessfully conciliated complaints, when the complaint is treated by the MI Panel.

The powers have been defined for the rapporteurs who verify the circumstances of the complaints, for the rapporteurs entrusted with guidance and counselling in the complaint resolution process who review the complaint as rapporteurs or chair the Panel, and the powers of the appeal body or the organisational unit of MI competent for the resolution of complaints against the police officers.

34. Please provide up-dated statistical data, for the period 2006-2010, on the number and grounds of complaints as a result of the use of instruments of restraint by the police as well as the subsequent investigations, prosecutions and convictions of perpetrators of their unlawful use.

OVERVIEW OF ALL RECEIVED COMPLAINTS 2006 - 2010

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  2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Increase/decrease

(in %)

Received complaints 660 675 797 725 636 -12.3

- unresolved complaints 81 88 96 96 64 -33.3

- resolved complaints 579 587 701 629 572 -9.1

Complaints treated by the head of the organisational unit 351 306 373 303 247 -18.5

- successfully concluded procedures 215 199 226 182 138 -24.2

- unsuccessfully concluded procedures 136 107 147 121 109 -9.9

- percentage of unsuccessfully concluded procedures (in %) 38.7 35.0 39.4 39.9 44.1 10.5

- treatment in compliance with the rules 309 274 322 268 226 -15.7

- treatment non-compliant with the rules 30 26 31 22 17 -22.7

- percentage of treatments non-compliant with the rules (in %) 8.8 8.7 8.8 7.6 7.0 -7.8

- no evaluation 12 6 20 13 4 -69.2

Dismissed complaints 44 31 52 60 55 -8.3

Early conclusion of procedure 122 179 194 197 196 -0.5

Complaints treated at the Panel session 198 178 229 190 183 -3.7

- unsuccessfully concluded procedure by the head of the organisational unit 136 107 147 121 109 -9.9

- suspicion of a criminal offence 62 71 82 69 74 7.2

- reasonable 21 33 28 17 23 35.3

- unreasonable 174 135 194 162 155 -4.3

- percentage of reasonable (in %) 10.8 19.6 12.6 9.5 12.9 36.1

- no evaluation 3 10 7 11 5 -54.5

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Received Complaints – Reasonable (non-compliant treatment) 2006 - 2010

Received complaints Reasonable complaints (non-compliant treatment)

OVERVIEW OF THE RECEIVED GROUNDS OF COMPLAINTS DUE TO THE USE OF THE RESTRAINT INSTRUMENTS

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 TOTAL

Complaints treated by the head of the organisational unit 11 21 28 25 31 116

- treatment in compliance with the rules 11 21 26 24 31 113

- treatment non-compliant with the rules - - 1 - - 1

- percentage of treatments non-compliant with the rules (in %) 0 0 3.7 0 0 0.8

- no evaluation - - 1 1 - 2

Complaints treated at the Panel session 50 75 101 81 98 405

- reasonable 10 12 9 11 11 53

- unreasonable 39 61 90 63 83 336

- percentage of reasonable (in %) 20.4 16.4 9.1 14.9 11.7 13.1

- no evaluation 1 2 2 7 4 16

Overview of the Received Grounds for Complaints Due to the Use of Restraint Instruments 2006 - 2010

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Grounds for Complaints With the Head of The Organisational Unit Grounds of complaints

at the MI Panel

Non-Compliant Treatment – Reasonable Grounds for Complaints Due to the Use of Restraint instruments 2006 - 2010

Grounds for Complaints With The Head of The Organisational UnitGrounds for complaints at the MI Panel

In terms of the use of instruments of restraints (police officers annually use 9,500 various instruments of restraint in some 4,500 cases against 5,000 persons) by the police, the most common occurrence is the

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suspicion of a criminal offence concerning the violation of human dignity through the abuse of authority or misuse of official rights under Article 266 of the Criminal Code. As from 1 November 2007, all criminal offences committed by police officials are prosecuted by the Specialised Department operating within the Group of State Prosecutors for the Prosecution of Organised Crime at the Supreme State Prosecutor`s Office of the Republic of Slovenia, which has been established with the purpose of an independent and impartial processing of such criminal offences. In all cases in which grounds of suspicion that such criminal offence were committed and determined by the police, all notifications or personal perceptions of such criminal offences were referred to the Specialised Department. Before the Specialised Department began its operation, 117 criminal offences were treated by the police in 2006, and 142 in the first ten months of 2007. In all cases, the police notified the competent State Prosecutor’s Office in the manner prescribed. After the Specialised Department began operation, the police referred 60 of these criminal offences in 2008, 18 in 2009, and 12 in 2010 to the aforementioned Specialised Department.

The courts shall not inform the Ministry of the Interior or the police about convictions of police officers, unless a police officer is convicted by the final judgement of an intentionally committed offence that is prosecuted ex officio, to an unconditional prison sentence for the period of more than three months. By virtue of the final judgement, under the provisions of the law regulating the police, the employment of the staff member of the police department shall be terminated on the date when the decision on termination of employment is issued.

35. Please provide detailed information on the measures that have been taken to systematically regulate the procedure for complaints by psychiatric services users.77 Please provide also statistical data for the period 2006-2010 on the number of complaints received in the main Psychiatric hospitals as well as the grounds on which these complaints were filed.

In 2008, the Patients Rights Act was adopted, regulating patients' complaint procedures and establishing the patients’ rights representative institution which helps patients, free of charge, in the protection of their rights. The Patients Rights Act provides for detailed methods and procedures for the treatment of patients’ complaints. In accordance with the Act, hospital department bulletin boards shall display information on how to file an application, and information on the competent person and patients’ rights representative. Each department under the special supervision of the Psychiatric Hospital and the protected department of The Institute of Social Welfare shall display the rights of persons according to the Mental Health Act.

Data on Complaints at the Largest Slovenian Psychiatric Hospital Where Approximately 30 % of all Psychiatric Patients are Treated:

Ljubljana Psychiatric Hospital 77 See CAT/C/SVN/3, para. 130-134.

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Unit Number of patients’ complaints

2006-2010

Grounds of complaints

Mental Health Centre

6

- Organisational and technical procedures during hospital treatment (2x).

- When a psychotherapist retired, psychotherapy with another therapist failed to be organised.

- Complaints related to a violation of personal data protection, on the grounds that the therapist communicated some information related to his treatment to the patient’s wife, with whom he was in the process of divorce. The information related to in the complaint was from the time when the complainant was still attending marriage counselling together with his wife.

- Complaints related to the inappropriate

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behaviour of the information worker over the telephone.

- Complaint over the court expert’s assessment by a person who had an expert’s opinion made for the court.

Treatment Centre for Narcotic Drug Addiction

6

- Complaint by “The Sacrament of Passage” Community.

- Patient’s complaint related to release from treatment.

- Complaint related to the inappropriate behaviour of a member of the nursing care team towards a patient.

- Complaint related to the change of admission date.

- Patient’s complaint related to the use of patient information at a group therapy session.

- Patient’s complaint related to the long waiting time for an examination at the outpatient clinic (he was waiting for 45

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minutes).

Ambulatory Psychiatric Centre*

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- Waiting periods for the first examination are too long.

- Waiting for the examination for more than one hour.

- No apology for the long wait.

- The manner of addressing the patients and calling them in for the examination.

- The patients are not informed of the reason for the long wait.

Clinical Psychiatry Centre

19

- Complaints related to the alleged violation of access to information.

- Complaints due to the institution being indicated on the envelope.

- Complaints regarding the treatment by the staff and the doctor at the department.

- Complaints due to the relocation of a patient to the local regional hospital.

* At the Ambulatory Psychiatric Centre the patients fill out surveys for the regular outpatient clinic and for the emergency outpatient clinic. Waiting times at the emergency outpatient clinic depend on the

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number of emergency patients who come for examination (without a referral or previous notice).

Measures for the Systematic Regulation of Procedures for Patients’ Rights Protection:

- The availability of informative material on patients’ rights, related to the Mental Health Act, in waiting rooms and in all hospital departments,

- The availability of the brochure issued by the Ljubljana Psychiatric Hospital – Information for Patients, Their Relatives and Visitors,

- Informative posters on the personal rights representatives in the field of mental health,

- Informative posters on the representatives according to the Patients’ Rights Act,

- Informative posters according to the Mental Health Act,

- Informing the staff about patients’ rights and of the obligations on staff to inform patients of their rights,

- Regular daily team meetings of the entire staff, and separately by departments,

- Safety rounds, discussion about safety and conferences,

- Letter boxes for anonymous complaints,

- An internal survey on patients’ experiences at Ljubljana Psychiatric Hospital was conducted,

- A national survey on patients’ experiences at the hospital was conducted,

- The appointing and education of the patient safety representative and his deputy,

- Giving the patients and their relatives the possibility to talk and file a complaint in writing with the heads of the units,

- Therefore: Full compliance with the requirements of the Patients’ Rights Act and the Mental Health Act.

Article 14

36. Please provide information on redress and compensation measures, including the means of rehabilitation, ordered by courts and actually provided to victims of torture, or their families.

The data cannot be provided, as no such case has occurred in Slovenia. However, there is one indirect exception: a systemic decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, adopted in 2006 (the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, Ref. Nos. Up-555/03 and Up-827/04, 6 July 2006; Published in: Official Gazette of the RS, No. 78/06 and OdlUS XV, 92), whereby in cases of the death of a person during an action carried out by the repressive organs of the state, the state must, under the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 15 of the Constitution of the

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Republic of Slovenia, in relation with Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights, provide an independent investigation of the circumstances of the event and must provide effective access to such investigations to the relatives of the deceased (complainants). In this case the Constitutional Court referred in its Decision also to the provisions of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The same referral to the Convention was performed in two concurring opinions of the two Judges of the Constitutional Court.

In addition, another systemic decision of the Constitutional Court was adopted in 2006 (the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, Ref. No. U-I-238/06, 7 December 2006; Published in: Official Gazette of the RS, No. 134/06 and OdlUS XV, 83) which, within the context of asylum proceedings, stated in a systemic manner, that the prohibition of torture is absolute. The referral to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment was also performed in this Decision of the Constitutional Court.

Article 15

37. Please inform the Committee on the concrete measures taken to ensure that, both in law and in practice, evidence obtained through torture are inadmissible in any proceedings. Please provide examples of any cases that have been dismissed by courts to due to evidence or testimony obtained through torture.

Such cases have not been heard by the courts of the Republic of Slovenia.

The general provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act which strictly define the rules on exclusion of unlawfully obtained evidence provide for, in point 8 of the first paragraph of Article 371 of the Criminal Procedure Act, that a substantial violation of the criminal procedure provisions is committed if “the judgement is based on evidence obtained in violation of constitutionally granted human rights and basic freedoms, or on evidence which, under the provisions of this Act, a judgement may not be based, or on evidence obtained on the basis of such inadmissible evidence.”

In addition, the provision of Article 15 of the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, is, under paragraph 2 of Article 8 and under paragraph 1 of Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, directly applicable in judicial and other proceedings in Slovenia. At an additional implementing (statutory) level, this is also confirmed by the provisions of Article 87 of the Foreign Affairs Act according to which, in cases where international treaties contradict the statute or other regulations, the Government of the Republic of Slovenia shall initiate an amendment or modification of an Act or other regulation, or amendment or termination of an international treaty, whereby an

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international treaty shall be used until the decision by the relevant authority is issued, instead of the Act or other regulation of the Republic of Slovenia which is inconsistent with the provisions of such international treaty.

Article 16

38. In the light of the Committee’s previous concluding observations,78

please provide detailed information on the measures taken to eliminate the occurrence of ill-treatment by police officers and other public officials, especially when ethnically motivated. Please also provide detailed information on whether modalities for collecting data and monitoring the occurrence of such acts have been devised.

Pursuant to Article 28 of the Police Act, each individual who opines that the actions of a police officer, or a police officer’s failure to act, have violated his/her rights or freedoms, may file a complaint with the Ministry or the police within 30 days of the moment he/she became aware of the violation. In addition to the complaint, an individual can use all regular and extraordinary legal means to exercise his/her rights.

The police shall strive to eliminate all ill-treatment of citizens in the widest meaning of the word. In cases where the grounds for suspicion are detected that any kind of criminal offence has been committed by a police officer, a system has been established by the police, according to which all grounds for suspicion that a criminal act has been committed are communicated to the Specialised Department, operating within the Group of State Prosecutors for the Prosecution of Organised Crime at Supreme State Prosecutor`s Office of the Republic of Slovenia which has, as from 1 November 2007, subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction over all criminal offences committed by police officials, and was established with the purpose of providing an independent and impartial treatment of such criminal offences.

In cases the grounds for suspicion are confirmed, all procedures in compliance with the work code shall also be implemented.

The management of the Slovenian Police Force strives for the consistent respect of human rights at all stages of police procedures and to achieve reporting by all police officers regarding the potential brutal conduct of their colleagues in their treatment of citizens. They are also thus obliged, by the new Code of Police Ethics adopted in 2008, of the basic purpose of raising police officer awareness of the importance of respecting ethical principles and to enhance ethical and moral behaviour in practice. In its provisions, The Code of Police Ethics establishes conditions for bona fide criticism, as well as for the elimination of false solidarity. In 2009 and 2010, an integrity enhancement project was carried out in Slovenia’s police departments, whereby all police officers were informed of the principles of ethical behaviour and of the protection and respect of human rights and

78 CAT/C/CR/30/4, para. 6.153

fundamental freedoms, the prevention of violence, inhuman or other degrading treatments. Police officers are also bound to such behaviour by the European Code of Police Ethics and by the Public Officials Code of Conduct which are also applicable to police officers, and impose an obligation on public officials to report illegal or criminal acts to the competent authorities.

Of course, the data related to such conduct is collected by the police and recorded in general police statistics. However, this data does not include information on the ethnicity of the victims of the potential misuse of police powers, torture and other forms of cruel behaviour, as indicated in the answer to the Question no. 5.

To illustrate the operations of the Slovenian Police Force, we will mention a case in which the opposite happened; the police were protecting the members of a certain community in Slovenia from the violence of their numerous neighbours, this also being important to the system in terms of the police mission which includes legality, as well as equal treatment. In the autumn of 2006, an intense situation occurred in the Ambrus settlement between the locals and a Roma family that had lived there for several years. The reasons for this situation included the physical assault on a local resident which resulted in severe injuries, and other illegal actions committed by several members of the Roma family. The locals, together with the people from the nearby villages, often protested and wanted to drive the Roma family away by force. In the event of public gatherings of locals, the police prevented the crowd from driving the Roma family away. During the resulting disorder caused by certain individuals, the police had to, through direct use of procedures for public order maintenance, provide protection for the members of the Roma family. At that time the work of the police received strong media criticism, stating that the police did not act in accordance with their duties and powers - that it over-reached its powers. Some protesters even filed criminal complaints against the police. As it was later proven that these complaints were false, criminal proceedings against these people are still in progress. Criminal proceedings against several individuals are also in progress on the grounds of aggression against the police officers.

For comparison, we would like to mention another example of police intervention which is not related to ethnicity but is presented only to illustrate their lawful and professional conduct during the mass riots in which violation of laws was involved. On 19 May 2010, a large group of young people protested in front of the National Assembly Building of the Republic of Slovenia (the Parliament). The initially quiet protest turned into a violent demonstration. Individuals from the crowd threw dangerous objects at the National Assembly Building and at the police. This resulted in great pecuniary damage and several police officers being physically injured. Considering the circumstances, the police could have broken up the protesters by force, and could have massively used the instruments of restraint against them. However, after assessing the situation on the spot, the police decided to eliminate the most violent individuals, against whom criminal

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complaints for damaging foreign property were later filed, and criminal complaints for violence against police officers, or minor offence proceedings were conducted for non-compliance with the provisions of the Public Gatherings Act and of the Protection of Public Order and Peace Act. Moreover, some media criticized this police intervention, stating that the police should have used more severe instruments of restraint, which, given the circumstances, they could have. During the intervention, the police used the mildest instruments of restraint and none of the protesters were injured.

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