1 

 

Bibliography on Corruption and Anticorruption Professor Matthew C. Stephenson

Harvard Law School http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/mstephenson/

January 2021

Aaken, A., & Voigt, S. (2011). Do individual disclosure rules for parliamentarians improve government effectiveness? Economics of Governance, 12(4), 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-011-0100-8

Aalberts, R. J., & Jennings, M. M. (1999). The Ethics of Slotting: Is this Bribery, Facilitation Marketing or Just Plain Competition? Journal of Business Ethics, 20(3), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006081311334

Aaronson, S. A. (2011a). Does the WTO Help Member States Clean Up? Available at SSRN 1922190. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1922190

Aaronson, S. A. (2011b). Limited partnership: Business, government, civil society, and the public in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Public Administration and Development, 31(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.588

Aaronson, S. A., & Abouharb, M. R. (2014). Corruption, Conflicts of Interest and the WTO. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 183–197). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507

Ab Lo, A. (2019). Actors, networks and assemblages: Local content, corruption and the politics of SME’s participation in Ghana’s oil and gas industry. International Development Planning Review, 41(2), 193–214. https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2018.33

Abada, I., & Ngwu, E. (2019). Corruption, governance, and Nigeria’s uncivil society, 1999-2016. Análise Social, 54(231), 386–408. https://doi.org/10.31447/AS00032573.2019231.07

Abalo, E. (2019). Why does inaccessibility widely exist in healthcare in Ghana? Understanding the reasons from past to present. Journal of Public Health, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01019-x

Abbas Drebee, H., & Azam Abdul-Razak, N. (2020). The Impact of Corruption on Agriculture Sector in Iraq: Econometrics Approach. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 553(1), 12019-. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/553/1/012019

Abbink, K., Dasgupta, U., Gangadharan, L., & Jain, T. (2014). Letting the briber go free: An experiment on mitigating harassment bribes. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS, 111(Journal Article), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.12.012

2 

 

Abbink, Klaus. (2004). Staff rotation as an anti-corruption policy: An experimental study. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.10.008

Abbink, Klaus. (2005). Fair Salaries and the Moral Costs of Corruption. In Kokinov & Boicho (Eds.), Advances in Cognitive Economics. Sofia: NBU Press. https://winster.nottingham.ac.uk/cedex/documents/papers/2002-05.pdf

Abbink, Klaus. (2006). Laboratory Experiments on Corruption. In S. Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 418–440). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJWEoC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Laboratory+Experiments+on+Corruption,%E2%80%9D+in+Susan+Rose-Ackerman+ed.+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption+(Edward+Elgar&ots=j9agtH21zb&sig=2ojEcFGAw5WeEuD5KDd_f7alhb4

Abbink, Klaus, & Ellman, M. (2010). The Donor Problem: An Experimental Analysis of Beneficiary Empowerment. Journal of Development Studies, 46(8), 1327–1344. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380903428407

Abbink, Klaus, Freidin, E., Gangadharan, L., & Moro, R. (2018). The Effect of Social Norms on Bribe Offers. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 34(3), 457–474.

Abbink, Klaus, & Hennig-Schmidt, H. (2006). Neutral versus loaded instructions in a bribery experiment. Experimental Economics, 9(2), 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-006-5385-z

Abbink, Klaus, Irlenbusch, B., & Renner, E. (2002). An Experimental Bribery Game. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 18(2), 428–454. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/18.2.428

Abbink, Klaus, Ryvkin, D., & Serra, D. (2020). Corrupt police. Games and Economic Behavior, 123, 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2020.07.001

Abbink, Klaus, & Serra, D. (2012). Anticorruption policies: Lessons from the lab. In New advances in experimental research on corruption (Vol. 15, pp. 77–115). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=N48c72KXsD4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA77&dq=Abbink,+Klaus+%26+Danila+Serra.+2012.+%E2%80%9CAnticorruption+Policies:+Lessons+from+the+Lab,%E2%80%9D+in+Danila+Serra+%26+Leonard+Wantchekon,+eds.,+New+Advances+in+Experimental+Research+on+Corruption+&ots=uycq5h5aMR&sig=vUixS6mxw6Zc-7lPoVpnBt-ZQB8

Abbink, Klaus, & Wu, K. (2017). Reward self-reporting to deter corruption: An experiment on mitigating collusive bribery. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 133,

3 

 

256–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2016.09.013

Abbott, K. W. (2001). Rule-making in the WTO: Lessons from the case of bribery and corruption. Journal of International Economic Law, 4(2), 275–296. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/4.2.275

Abbott, Kenneth W. (2009). Fight Against Corruption. In Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law.

Abbott, Kenneth W., & Snidal, D. (2002). International action on bribery and corruption: Why the dog didn’t bark in the WTO. In D. M. Kennedy & J. D. Southwick (Eds.), The political economy of international trade law.

Abbott, K. w, & Snidal, D. (2002). Values and Interests: International Legalization in the Fight against Corruption. The Journal of Legal Studies, 31(S1), S141–S177. https://doi.org/10.1086/342006

Abdalla, H. F., Maghrabi, A. S., & Raggad, B. G. (1998). Assessing the perceptions of human resource managers toward nepotism A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Manpower, 19(8), 554–570.

Abdallah, S., Sayed, R., Rahwan, I., Leveck, B. L., Cebrian, M., Rutherford, A., & Fowler, J. H. (2014). Corruption drives the emergence of civil society. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface / the Royal Society, 11(93), 20131044. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1044

Abdiweli, M. A. (2003). Institutional differences as sources of growth differences. Atlantic Economic Journal, 31(4), 348–362.

Abdixhiku, L., Krasniqi, B., Pugh, G., & Hashi, I. (2017). Firm-level determinants of tax evasion in transition economies. Economic Systems, 41(3), 354–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2016.12.004

Abdixhiku, L., Pugh, G., & Hashi, I. (2018). Business tax evasion in transition economies: A cross-country panel investigation. The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 15(1), 11–36. https://doi.org/10.25428/1824-2979/201801-11-36

Abdul‐Gafaru Abdulai. (2009). Political will in combating corruption in developing and transition economies: A comparative study of Singapore, Hong Kong and Ghana. Journal of Financial Crime, 16(4), 387–417. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790910993753

Abdullah, S., Gray, T., & Clough, E. (2018). Clientelism: Factionalism in the allocation of public resources in Iraq after 2003. Middle Eastern Studies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2018.1444607

Abdulrauf, L. A. (2020). Using Specialised Anti-Corruption Agencies to Combat Pervasive Corruption in Nigeria: A Critical Review of the ICPC and EFCC. African Journal of

4 

 

Legal Studies, 12, 2020(3–4), 215–241. https://doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340050

Abdyli, E. (2017). Some Forms of Manifestation of Official Corruption and Crimes against Official Duty in Kosovo 2011- 2012. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Juridica, 13(3). http://search.proquest.com/docview/2118379145/?pq-origsite=primo

Abe, K., & Wilson, J. S. (2008). Governance, Corruption, And Trade In The Asia Pacific Region (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4731). The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-4731

Abé Ndjié, A., Atangana Ondoa, H., & Ngoa Tabi, H. (2019). Governance and youth unemployment in Africa. Labor History, 60(6), 869–882. https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2019.1645320

Abed, G. T., & Davoodi, H. R. (2000). Corruption, Structural Reforms, and Economic Performance in the Transition Economies (IMF Working Paper No. 00/132). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=879906

Abed, G. T., & Gupta, S. (2002). Governance, Corruption, and Economic Performance. International Monetary Fund.

Abeyagoonasekera, A. (2020). Unexplained wealth and for what purpose: A Sri Lankan perspective. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 24–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-12-2018-0128

Abidin, I. S. Z., Jantan, M. D., Satar, N. M., & Haseeb, M. (2014). Trade Linkages between Malaysia and the OIC Member Countries: Empirical Evidence Based on Gravity Model. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(11), 1938–1944.

Abiona, I. A., & Savage, O. (2014). Influence of Independent Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences Commission on Female Civil Servants in Oyo State, Nigeria. Public Policy and Administration Research, 4(12), 36–43.

Abotsi, A. (2018). Tolerable Level of Corruption for Foreign Direct Investment in Europe and Asia. Contemporary Economics, 12(3), 269–284. https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.277

Aboutorabi, A., Ghiasipour, M., Rezapour, A., Pourreza, A., Sarabi Asiabar, A., & Tanoomand, A. (2016). Factors affecting the informal payments in public and teaching hospitals. Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI), 30(1), 26–35.

Abraham, J., & Giovani Pea, A. (2018). Can proneness to moral emotions detect corruption? The mediating role of ethical judgment based on unified ethics. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.07.013

Abraham, J., Suleeman, J., & Takwin, B. (2018). The Psychology of Corruption: The Role of the

5 

 

Counterfeit Self, Entity Self-Theory, and Outcome-Based Ethical Mindset. Journal of Psychological and Educational Research, 26(2), 7–32.

Abrams, D., Travaglino, G., Marques, J., Pinto, I., & Levine, J. (2018). Deviance Credit: Tolerance of Deviant Ingroup Leaders is Mediated by Their Accrual of Prototypicality and Conferral of Their Right to Be Supported. The Journal of Social Issues, 74(1), 36–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12255

Abrams, N. (2010). Federal criminal law and its enforcement (5th ed.). West.

Abrams, N. (2011). The Distance Imperative: A Different Way of Thinking About Public Official Corruption Investigations/Prosecutions and the Federal Role. Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, 42, 207–741.

Abrate, G., Erbetta, F., Fraquelli, G., & Vannoni, D. (2015). The cost of corruption in the Italian solid waste industry. Industrial and Corporate Change, 24(2), 439.

Abtidon, A. H. (2015). The Impact of Financial Accountability on Reducing Corruption in Mogadishu Somalia. Academic Research International, 6(2), 128–137.

Abu, N., Karim, M., & Aziz, M. (2015a). Corruption, Political Instability and Economic Development in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): Is There a Causal Relationship? Contemporary Economics, 9(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.159

Abu, N., Karim, M., & Aziz, M. (2015b). Low Savings Rates in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): The Role of Corruption. Journal of Economic Cooperation & Development, 36(2), 3.

Abu, N., & Staniewski, M. W. (2019). Determinants of corruption in Nigeria: Evidence from various estimation techniques. Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 3052–3076. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1655467

Aburime, T. U. (2009). Impact of corruption on bank profitability in Nigeria. In Proceedings of FIKUSZ ’09 (pp. 7–16). Óbuda University, Keleti Faculty of Business and Management. https://ideas.repec.org/h/pkk/sfyr09/7-16.html

Abu-Shanab, E. A., Harb, Y. A., & Al-Zoubi, S. Y. (2013). E-government as an anti-corruption tool: Citizens perceptions. Int. J. of Electronic Governance, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEG.2013.058410

Acar, M., & Emek, U. (2009). Preventing Corruption in Turkey: Issues, Instruments and Institutions. In Preventing Corruption in Asia: Institutional Design and Policy Capacity (pp. 164–188). Routledge. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1992167

Accinelli, E., Martins, F., Pinto, A. A., Afsar, A., & Oliveira, B. M. P. M. (n.d.). The power of

6 

 

voting and corruption cycles. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.2020.1818077

Accinelli, Elvio, Martins, F., Oviedo, J., Pinto, A., & Quintas, L. (2017). Who controls the controller? A dynamical model of corruption. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 41(4), 220–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.2017.1388235

Accinelli, Elvio, & Sánchez Carrera, E. (2012). Corruption driven by imitative behavior. Economics Letters, 117(1), 84–87.

Acconcia, A. (2011). Tax evasion and corruption: Endogenous deterrence and the perverse effects of fines. Studi Economici : Rivista Quadrimestrale, 65(2), 31–53.

Acconcia, A., & Cantabene, C. (2008). A big push to deter corruption: Evidence from Italy. Giornale Degli Economisti e Annali Di Economia, 67(1), 75–102.

Acconcia, A., D’Amato, M., Martina, R., & others. (2003). Corruption and tax evasion with competitive bribes (CSEF Working Paper No. 112). http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6664825.pdf

Acconcia, A., Immordino, G., Piccolo, S., Rey, P., & others. (2009). Accomplice-witnesses, organized crime and corruption: Theory and evidence from italy. Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy. https://ideas.repec.org/p/sef/csefwp/232.html

Acemoglu, D. (1995). Reward structures and the allocation of talent. European Economic Review, 39(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(94)00014-Q

Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., Kermani, A., Kwak, J., & Mitton, T. (2016). The value of connections in turbulent times: Evidence from the United States. Journal of Financial Economics, 121(2), 368–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.10.001

Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J. A., & Verdier, T. (2004). Kleptocracy and Divide-and-Rule: A Model of Personal Rule. Journal of the European Economic Association, 2(2/3), 162–192. https://doi.org/10.1162/154247604323067916

Acemoglu, D., & Verdier, T. (1998). Property Rights, Corruption and the Allocation of Talent: A General Equilibrium Approach. The Economic Journal, 108(450), 1381–1403. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00347

Acemoglu, D., & Verdier, T. (2000). The Choice Between Market Failures and Corruption. American Economic Review, 90(1), 194–211. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.1.194

Acharya, A., Roemer, J. E., & Somanathan, R. (2015). Caste, corruption and political competition in India. Research in Economics, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2015.02.001

7 

 

Achim, M. (2016). Cultural Dimension of Corruption: A Cross-Country Survey. International Advances in Economic Research, 22(3), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-016-9592-x

Achim, M. V., Văidean, V. L., & Borlea, S. N. (2019). Corruption and health outcomes within an economic and cultural framework. The European Journal of Health Economics : HEPAC : Health Economics in Prevention and Care. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-019-01120-8

Acht, M., Mahmoud, T. O., & Thiele, R. (2015). Corrupt governments do not receive more state-to-state aid: Governance and the delivery of foreign aid through non-state actors. Journal of Development Economics, 114(0), 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.11.005

Achua, J. K. (2011). Anti-Corruption in Public Procurement in Nigeria: Challenges and Competency Strategies. Journal of Public Procurement, 11(3), 323–353.

Achury, C., Koulovatianos, C., & Tsoukalas, J. D. (2015). Political Economics of External Sovereign Defaults (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2631418). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2631418

Ackah, I., Lartey, A., Acheampong, T., Kyem, E., & Ketemepi, G. (2020). Between altruism and self-aggrandisement: Transparency, accountability and politics in Ghana’s oil and gas sector. Energy Research & Social Science, 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101536

Ackerman, J. M. (2014). Rethinking the international anti-corruption agenda: Civil society, human rights and democracy. American University International Law Review, 29(2), 293–334.

Acorn, E. (2018). Twenty Years of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: National Implementation and Hybridization. University of British Columbia Law Review, 51(3), 613.

Adam, A., Delis, M. D., & Kammas, P. (2014). Fiscal decentralization and public sector efficiency: Evidence from OECD countries. ECONOMICS OF GOVERNANCE, 15(1), 17–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-013-0131-4

Adam, I. O. (2020). Examining E-Government development effects on corruption in Africa: The mediating effects of ICT development and institutional quality. Technology in Society, 61, 101245-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101245

Adaman, F., & Carkoglu, A. L. I. (2003). SOCIAL CAPITAL AND CORRUPTION DURING TIMES OF CRISIS: A LOOK AT TURKISH FIRMS DURING THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OF 2001 (Article). Turkish Studies.

8 

 

Adams, E. B. (2019). Police legitimacy in Trinidad and Tobago: Resident perceptions in a high-crime community. Journal of Crime and Justice, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2019.1582350

Adams, J. S., Tashchian, A., & Shore, T. H. (2001). Codes of Ethics as Signals for Ethical Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 29(3), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026576421399

Adams, O. Y. (2017). Institutional Approach to Anti-corruption Efforts in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Mainland China: Improving the Norms, Strengthening the Ethics. Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal, 3(1), 247–283.

Adams, S., Agomor, K., & Youmbi, W. (2017). What Influences Swing Voters’ Choices? Reflection on Ghana’s Elections. The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 43(3/4), 246–271.

Adams, S., & Klobodu, E. K. M. (2016). Financial development, control of corruption and income inequality. International Review of Applied Economics, 30(6), 790–808. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2016.1208740

Addesa, F., & Mendola, C. (2019). Entrepreneurial Self-Identity, Perceived Corruption, Exogenous and Endogenous Obstacles as Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intention in Italy. Social Sciences, 8(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8020054

Adebanwi, W., & Obadare, E. (2011). When Corruption Fights Back: Democracy and Elite Interest in Nigeria’s Anti-Corruption War. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 49(2), 185–213.

Adebayo, A. (2018). A Review of Plea Bargain Concept in the Anti- Corruption War in Nigeria. Brawijaya Law Journal, 5(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2018.005.01.01

Adebayo, D. O. (2005). Gender and attitudes toward professional ethics. African Security Review, 14(2), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627359

Adegboyega, R. (2017). Corruption And Economic Growth In Nigeria: A Cointegration (Fm-Ols) Approach. Annals of the University of Petroşani. Economics, 17, 5–18.

Adelman, L. (2019). The Supreme Court and the Corruption of Democracy. Raritan, 38(3), 6–164.

Adelopo, I. (2018). Trust Deficit and Anti-corruption Initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4059-z

Adena, M. (2016). Nonprofit Organizations, Free Media and Donor’s Trust. Journal Of Economics, 118(3), 239–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00712-016-0477-5

9 

 

Ades, A., & Di Tella, R. (1997a). The new economics of corruption: A survey and some new results. Political Studies, 45(3), 496–515.

Ades, A., & Di Tella, R. (1997b). National Champions and Corruption: Some Unpleasant Interventionist Arithmetic. The Economic Journal, 107(443), 1023–1042. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.1997.tb00005.x

Ades, A., & Di Tella, R. (1999). Rents, Competition, and Corruption. American Economic Review, 89(4), 982–993. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.4.982

Adetunji, A. J. (2018). Customs, mores and culture in determining the scope of law and financial crime control – relevance of Savigny and Lord Denning’s analysis. Journal of Financial Crime, 25(4), 1111–1122. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-09-2017-0083

Adewale T. Muritala, Adeniyi M. Ijaiya, Ahmed O. Adekunle, Ibraheem K. Nageri, & A. Bolaji Yinus. (2020). Impact of Oil Prices on Stock Market Development in Selected Oil Exporting Sub-Saharan African Countrie. E-Finanse, 16(2), 1-.

Adeyeye, A. (2012). Corporate social responsibility of multinational corporations in developing countries: Perspectives on anti-corruption. Cambridge University Press.

Adhikari, T., Breen, M., & Gillanders, R. (2018). Are new states more corrupt? Expert opinions versus firms’ experiences. Applied Economics Letters, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1441500

Adisa, W., Alabi, T., & Adejoh, S. (2018). Corruption on the Road: A Test of Commercial Drivers’ Encounters with Police Extortion in Lagos Metropolis. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-018-9289-6

Adjibolosoo, S. (2017). Corruption in the Petroleum and Energy Sector: A Human Factor Perspective on Minimizing Its Intensity. Review of Human Factor Studies, 23(1), 75–113.

Adomako, S., Amankwah-Amoah, J., Tarba, S. Y., & Khan, Z. (2021). Perceived corruption, business process digitization, and SMEs’ degree of internationalization in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Business Research, 123, 196–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.065

Adomeit, H. (2016). The ‘Putin System’. Crime and Corruption as Constituent Building Blocks. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(6), 1067–1073. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2016.1202593

Adsera, A. (2003). Are You Being Served? Political Accountability and Quality of Government. Journal of Law Economics & Organization, 19(2), 445.

Adu, K. K. (2018). The paradox of the right to information law in Africa. Government Information Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.10.003

10 

 

Adut, A. (n.d.). Scandal as norm entrepreneurship strategy: Corruption and the French investigating magistrates. Theory and Society, 33(5), 529–578. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RYSO.0000045718.42431.7d

Aduwo, E., Ibem, E., Afolabi, A., Oluwunmi, A., Tunji-Olayeni, P., Ayo-Vaughan, E., Uwakonye, U., & Oni, A. (2020). Exploring anti-corruption capabilities of e-procurement in construction project delivery in Nigeria. Construction Economics and Building, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v20i1.6964

Afolabi, O. S. (2019). Political Elites and Anticorruption Campaigns as ＂Deep＂ Politics of

Democracy A Comparative Study of Nigeria and South Africa. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 15(1), 159–181.

Afonso, A., Schuknecht, L., & Tanzi, V. (n.d.). Public sector efficiency: An international comparison. Public Choice, 123(3–4), 321–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-7165-2

Afridi, F. (2008). Can Community Monitoring Improve the Accountability of Public Officials? Economic and Political Weekly, 43(42), 35–40.

Afridi, F., Dhillon, A., & Solan, E. (2016). Exposing Corruption: Can Electoral Competition Discipline Politicians? https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2879803

Agarwal, S., Qian, W., Seru, A., & Zhang, J. (2020). Disguised corruption: Evidence from consumer credit in China. Journal of Financial Economics, 137(2), 430–450.

Agbalajobi, D. T. (2009). Gender and Corruption: Insights from Nigeria Democracy (1999 – 2008). African Research Review, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v3i4.47543

Agbiboa, D. (2011). Leaders or leeches? Corruption and the cycle of dysfunction in Nigeria. Loyola Journal of Social Sciences, 25(1), 83–102.

Agbiboa, D. (2013). One step forward, two steps back: The political culture of corruption and cleanups in Nigeria. CEU Political Science Journal, 8(3), 273.

Agbiboa, D. (2014). Under-development in practice: Nigeria and the enduring problem of corruption. Development in Practice, 24(3), 390–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2014.899559

Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba. (2013). Corruption and economic crime in Nigeria. African Security Review, 22(1), 47–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2012.736869

Agbiboa, Daniel E. (2015). “Policing Is Not Work: It Is Stealing by Force”: Corrupt Policing and Related Abuses in Everyday Nigeria. Africa Today, 62(2), 95.

Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba. (2010). The Corruption-Underdevelopment Nexus in Africa: Which

11 

 

Way Nigeria?! The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 35(4), 474–509.

Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba. (2011). Between Corruption and Development: The Political Economy of State Robbery in Nigeria. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(3), 325–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1093-5

Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba. (2012). Serving the Few, Starving the Many: How Corruption Underdevelops Nigeria and How There Is an Alternative Perspective to Corruption Cleanups. Africa Today, 58(4), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.58.4.111

Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba. (2015). Protectors or Predators? The Embedded Problem of Police Corruption and Deviance in Nigeria. Administration & Society, 47(3), 244.

Agbo, A. A., & Iwundu, E. I. (2016). Corruption as a Propensity: Personality and Motivational Determinants Among Nigerians. The Journal of Psychology, 150(4), 502–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2015.1107523

Agbor, A. (2017). Prosecuting the Offence of Misappropriation of Public Funds: An Insight into Cameroon’s Special Criminal Court. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 20, 1–31.

Agbota, T. K., Sandaker, I., & Ree, G. (2016). Verbal operants of corruption: A study of avoidance in corruption behavior. Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.5210/bsi.v.24i0.5864

Agerberg, M. (2014). Perspectives on Gender and Corruption. QoG Working Paper Series, 2014(14), 14.

Agerberg, M. (2017). Failed expectations: Quality of government and support for populist parties in Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 56(3), 578–600. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12203

Agerberg, M. (2018). The Curse of Knowledge? Education, Corruption, and Politics. Political Behavior, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-018-9455-7

Agerberg, M. (2019). The Lesser Evil? Corruption Voting and the Importance of Clean Alternatives. Comparative Political Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019852697

Aghion, P., Akcigit, U., Cagé, J., & Kerr, W. (2016). Taxation, corruption, and growth. European Economic Review, 86(Journal Article), 24.

Agmon, I. (2018). State, Family and Anticorruption Practices in the Late Ottoman Empire. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-18

Agnafors, M. (2013). Quality of Government: Toward a More Complex Definition. American

12 

 

Political Science Review, 107(03), 433–445. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055413000191

Agrawal, A. (2007). Forests, Governance, and Sustainability: Common Property Theory and its Contributions. International Journal of the Commons, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.10

Aguilera, R. V., & Vadera, A. K. (2007). The Dark Side of Authority: Antecedents, Mechanisms, and Outcomes of Organizational Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 77(4), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9358-8

Agur, C. (2015). Second-order networks, gambling, and corruption on Indian mobile phone networks. Media, Culture & Society, 37(5), 768.

Agyei-Mensah, B. K. (2017). Does the corruption perception level of a country affect listed firms’ IFRS 7 risk disclosure compliance? Corporate Governance, 17(4), 727–747.

Agyemang, O. S., Fantini, G., & Frimpong, J. (2015). Does country-level governance enhance ethical behaviour of firms? An African perspective. International Journal of Law and Management, 57(6), 582–599.

Ahamd, N., & Brookins, O. T. (2004). On Corruption and Countervailing Actions in Three South Asian Nations. Journal of Policy Reform, 7(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/1384128042000219708

Ahlborg, H., Boräng, F., Jagers, S. C., & Söderholm, P. (2015). Provision of electricity to African households: The importance of democracy and institutional quality. Energy Policy, 87, 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.09.002

Ahlin, C. (2005). Effects and (in) tractability of decentralized corruption. http://msu.edu/~ahlinc/research/corruptnew.pdf

Ahlin, C., & Bose, P. (2007). Bribery, inefficiency, and bureaucratic delay. Journal of Development Economics, 84(1), 465–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.12.002

Ahlin, C., & Pang, J. (2008). Are financial development and corruption control substitutes in promoting growth? Journal of Development Economics, 86(2), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.07.002

Ahmad, E., Ullah, M. A., & Arfeen, M. I. (2012). Does Corruption Affect Economic Growth? Latin American Journal of Economics, 49(2), 277–305. https://doi.org/1O.7764/LAJE.49.2.277

Ahmad, J., Ahmad, A., & Salahuddin, T. (2020). Tolerance to Petty Corruption in Public Sector: A Review. Pakistan Vision, 21(1), 168.

13 

 

Ahmad Khai, A. H., Haniffa, R., Hudaib, M., & Karim, M. N. A. (2015). Neopatrimonialism, crony capitalists and the production of corruption in Malaysia. Accounting Forum, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2015.06.001

Ahmad, N., & Arjumand, S. (2016). Impact of corruption on GDP per capita through international migration: An empirical investigation. Quality & Quantity; Qual.Quant., 50(4), 1633–1643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0224-y

Ahmad, Naved. (2002). Corruption and Government Regulations: An Empirical Analysis. The Bangladesh Development Studies, 28(4), 29–51.

Ahmad, Naved. (2006). Corrupt Clubs and the Convergence Hypothesis. The Pakistan Development Review, 45(4), 1001–1009. JSTOR.

Ahmad, Naved. (2008). Corrupt clubs and the convergence hypothesis. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 11(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870802031395

Ahmad, Naved, Ali, S., & others. (2010). Corruption and financial sector performance: A cross-country analysis. Economics Bulletin, 30(1), 303–308.

Ahmad, Naved, & Aziz, D. (2001). Corruption Perception Indices: A Comparative Analysis. The Pakistan Development Review, 40(4), 813–830.

Ahmad, Naved, & Brookins, O. T. (2007). The Impact of Corruption on Efficiency in Developing Economies. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1(2), 64–73.

Ahmad, S. (2019). Corruption and Money Laundering: The Nexus and The Way Forward. International Journal of Government Auditing, 46(2), 29–30.

Ahmadi, C. N. (2012). Regulating the regulators: A solution to Foreign Corrupt Practices Act woes. Journal of International Business & Law, 11(2), 351–378.

Ahmed, A., & Khan, B. (2017). DIVULGING SPORTS CORRUPTION: DELINEATING LOOP-HOLES/LINKAGES. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 9(4), 91–107.

Ahmed, A., Lodhi, S. A., & Ahmad, M. (2015). Using Split-Questionnaire Design: An Empirical Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Statistics, 31(2), 211–218.

Ahmed, E., Rosser, J. B., & Rosser, M. V. (2007). Income Inequality, Corruption, and the Non-Observed Economy: A Global Perspective. In Complexity Hints for Economic Policy (pp. 233–252). Springer Milan. http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/978-88-470-0534-1_12

Ahmed, R., & Ahmed, Q. M. (2012). Petty corruption in the Police Department, a case study of slum areas of Karachi. Developing Country Studies, 2(6), 78.

14 

 

Ahmed, S. P., & Ullah, G. M. (2014). Global Corruption Hoax: Politicization of the Concept of Corruption and the Issues of Corruption Measurement Indices. Samiul Parvez Ahmed, GM Wali Ullah. Global Corruption Hoax: Politicization of the Concept of Corruption and the Issues of Corruption Measurement Indices. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(7). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2433869

Ahmed, W. M. A. (2020). Corruption and equity market performance: International comparative evidence. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2020.101282

Ahrend, R. (2002). Press freedom, human capital and corruption (DELTA Working Paper 11). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=620102

Aidis, R. (2005). Institutional Barriers to Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Operations in Transition Countries. Small Business Economics, 25(4), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-003-6463-7

Aidis, R., Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. (2008). Institutions and entrepreneurship development in Russia: A comparative perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(6), 656–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.01.005

Aidis, R., Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. (2010a). Institutions, Finance and the Level of Development: The Impact on Entrepreneurship in Transition. Review of Economics and Institutions. https://doi.org/10.5202/rei.v1i1.3

Aidis, R., Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. (2010b). Size Matters: Entrepreneurial Entry and Government (IZA Discussion Paper No. 5052). Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/izaizadps/dp5052.htm

Aidt, T. (2016). Rent seeking and the economics of corruption. Constitutional Political Economy, 27(2), 142–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-016-9215-9

Aidt, T., Dutta, J., & Sena, V. (2008). Governance regimes, corruption and growth: Theory and evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36(2), 195–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2007.11.004

Aidt, Toke S. (2003). Economic analysis of corruption: A survey. The Economic Journal, 113(491), F632–F652. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0013-0133.2003.00171.x

Aidt, Toke S. (2009). Corruption, institutions, and economic development. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 25(2), 271–291. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grp012

Aidt, Toke S. (2011a). Corruption and sustainable development. In S. Rose-Ackerman & T. Soreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (Vol. 2, pp.

15 

 

3–51). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QbZEbihNOfUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Aidt,+Toke+S.+2011.+%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+Sustainable+Development%E2%80%9D,+in+Susan+Rose-Ackerman+%26+Tina+Soreide+eds.,+The+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption,+Vol.+2+(Edward+Elgar+Publishing),+pp.+3-51.&ots=dGHqANiCZ-&sig=-WQo6fOiwUtVBdmE7dFO44AVipU

Aidt, Toke S. (2011b). The Causes of Corruption. DICE Report, 9(2), 15–19.

Aidt, Toke S., & Dutta, J. (2008). Policy Compromises: Corruption and Regulation in a Democracy. Economics & Politics, 20(3), 335–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2008.00332.x

Aidt, Toke S., & Gassebner, M. (2010). Do autocratic states trade less? The World Bank Economic Review, lhp022.

Aidt, Toke S., Hillman, A. L., & Qijun, L. (2020). Who takes bribes and how much? Evidence from the China Corruption Conviction Databank. World Development, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104985

Aidt, Toke Skovsgaard, Golden, M. A., & Tiwari, D. (2010). Criminality and incumbency of candidates to the national legislature in India. APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1643641

Ainge, C., Stephens, N., Albrecht, C., & Malagueño, R. (2010). Accounting and corruption: A cross‐country analysis. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 13(4), 372–393. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685201011083885

Aixalá, J., & Fabro, G. (2008). Does The Impact Of Institutional Quality On Economic Growth Depend On Initial Income Level? Economic Affairs, 28(3), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2008.00844.x

Aiyede, R. (2016). Corruption Perception Studies and Anti-Corruption in Nigeria. Glocalism: Journal of Culture, 2016(2). https://doi.org/10.12893/gjcpi.2016.2.1

Aizenman, J., & Spiegel, M. M. (2006). Institutional Efficiency, Monitoring Costs and the Investment Share of FDI. Review of International Economics, 14(4), 683–697. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2006.00595.x

Ajayi, K. (1997). On The Trail of a Spectre - Destabilisation of Developing and Transitional Economies: A Case Study of Corruption in Nigeria. 15, 545–621.

Ajaz, T., & Ahmad, E. (2010). The Effect of Corruption and Governance on Tax Revenues. The Pakistan Development Review, 49(4), 405–417.

Ajide, F. M. (2020). Can financial inclusion reduce the presence of corruption? Evidence from

16 

 

selected countries in Africa. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(11), 1345–1362. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-03-2020-0145

Ajie, H. A., & Wokekoo, O. E. (2012). The Impact of Corruption on Sustainable Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 3(1), 91–109.

Ajilore, O. T. (2007). Does corruption matter for Nigeria long run growth: Evidence from conintegration analyses and causality tests? The International Journal of Business and Finance Research : IJBFR, 1(2), 69–79.

Akai, N., Horiuchi, Y., & Sakata, M. (2005). Short-run and long-run effects of corruption on economic growth: Evidence from state-level cross-section data for the United States. https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/43028

Akan, Y., & Arslan, I. (2007). The Effect of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment—The Case of Turkey. Lex ET Scientia International Journal, 14, 200–206.

Akanji, B. (2017). The Relationship between Culture and Corruption in Nigeria – Prospecting Culture Change in Dealing with this ‘Big Black Hole.’ Romanian Economic Journal, 63, 3–18.

Akanle, O., & Adesina, J. O. (2015). Corruption and the Nigerian Development Quagmire. Journal of Developing Societies (Sage Publications Inc.), 31(4), 421–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15590323

Akarca, A. T., & Tansel, A. (2016). Voter reaction to government incompetence and corruption related to the 1999 earthquakes in Turkey. Journal of Economic Studies, 43(2), 309–335.

Akbar, Y., & Vujic, V. (2014). Explaining corruption The role of national culture and its implications for international management. Cross Cultural Management-An International Journal, 21(2), 191–218. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCM-03-2013-0050

Akbari, M., Bahrami-Rad, D., & Kimbrough, E. O. (2019). Kinship, fractionalization and corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.07.015

Akça, H., im, Y, A., Ata, lmaz, Karaca, C., & kun. (2012). Inflation and Corruption Relationship: Evidence from Panel Data in Developed and Developing Countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2(3), n/a.

Akcay, S. (2001). Is Corruption an Obstacle for Foreign Investors in Developing Countries? A Cross-Country Evidence. Yapi Kredi Economic Review, 12(2), 27–34.

Akçay, S. (2006). Corruption and human development. The Cato Journal : An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy Analysis, 26(1), 29–48.

17 

 

Akee, R., Basu, A., Bedi, A., & Chau, N. (2014). Transnational Trafficking, Law Enforcement, and Victim Protection: A Middleman Trafficker’s Perspective. Journal of Law and Economics, 57(2), 349–386.

Akerlof, R. (2016). Anger and enforcement. Journal Of Economic Behavior & Organization; J.Econ.Behav.Organ., 126(Journal Article), 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2015.10.022

Åkerström, M., Wästerfors, D., & Jacobsson, K. (2016). Struggling for One’s Name: Defense Narratives by those Accused of Small-Time Corruption. Sociological Focus, 49(2), 148–162.

Akhbari, R., & Nejati, M. (2019). The effect of corruption on carbon emissions in developed and developing countries: Empirical investigation of a claim. Heliyon, 5(9), e02516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02516

Akhter, S. H. (2004). Is globalization what it’s cracked up to be? Economic freedom, corruption, and human development. Journal of World Business, 39(3), 283–295.

Akinboade, O. A. (2014). Regulation, SMEs’ growth and performance in Cameroon’s central and littoral provinces’ manufacturing and retail sectors. African Development Review, 26(4), 597–609. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12116

Akinlabi, O. M., & Murphy, K. (2018). Dull compulsion or perceived legitimacy? Assessing why people comply with the law in Nigeria. Police Practice and Research, 19(2), 186–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2018.1418170

Akins, B., Dou, Y., & Ng, J. (2017). Corruption in Bank Lending: The Role of Timely Loan Loss Recognition. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 63(2–3), 454–478.

Akitoby, B., & Stratmann, T. (2010). The value of institutions for financial markets: Evidence from emerging markets. Review of World Economics / Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 146(4), 781–797.

Aklin, Michael, Bayer, P., Harish, S. P., & Urpelainen, J. (2015). Quantifying slum electrification in India and explaining local variation. Energy, 80(Journal Article), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.063

Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, P., Harish, S., & Urpelainen, J. (2014). Who blames corruption for the poor enforcement of environmental laws? Survey evidence from Brazil. Environmental Economics & Policy Studies, 16(3), 241–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-014-0076-z

Aktan, C. (2015). Ethics in government: Anti-corruption measures. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 7(2), 63–89.

Al Qudah, A., Bani-Mustafa, A., & Yamen, A. (2019). The mechanism of control of corruption

18 

 

and the rule of law. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 22(3), 498–514. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-11-2018-0066

Al Qudah, A., Zouaoui, A., & Aboelsoud, M. E. (2020). Does corruption adversely affect economic growth in Tunisia? ARDL approach. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(1), 38–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-12-2018-0076

Aladdinovna, A. (2016). Correlation between corruption and economic crimes in housing and communal services. Ekonomika, 62(2), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika1602015A

Aladwani, A. (2016). Corruption as a source of e-Government projects failure in developing countries: A theoretical exposition. International Journal of Information Management; Int.J.Inf.Manage., 36(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.10.005

Ala’i, P. (2000). The legacy of geographical morality and colonialism: A historical assessment of the current crusade against corruption. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 33(4), 877.

Ala’i, P. (2008). The WTO and the Anti-Corruption Movement. 6, 259–421.

Ala’i, P. (2014). Civil Consequences of Corruption in International Commercial Contracts. American Journal of Comparative Law, 62(Journal Article). http://ssrn.com/abstract=2494294; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2494294

Alaimo, V., Fajnzylber, P., Guasch, J. L., López, J. H., & Oviedo, A. M. (2009). Behind the Investment Climate: Back to Basics—Determinants of Corruption. In Does the Investment Climate Matter? Microeconomic Foundations of Growth in Latin America (pp. 139–178). The World Bank.

Alam, A., & Southworth, V. R. (2012). Fighting Corruption in Public Services: Chronicling Georgia’s Reforms. World Bank.

Alam, M. s. (1990). Some Economic Costs of Corruption in LDCs. Journal of Development Studies, 27(1), 89.

Alam, M. S. (1995). A Theory of Limits on Corruption and some Applications. Kyklos, 48(3), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1995.tb02323.x

Alam, M. Shahid. (1989). Anatomy of Corruption: An Approach to the Political Economy of Underdevelopment. American Journal of Economics & Sociology, 48(4), 441.

Alarcon Lopez, P. (n.d.). Constitutional Design and Political Agency Problems: The Case of Colombia. Con-Texto: Revista de Derecho y Economia, 41, 11–49.

Alatas, V., Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., Olken, B. A., Purnamasari, R., & Wai-Poi, M. (2013). Does

19 

 

Elite Capture Matter? Local Elites and Targeted Welfare Programs in Indonesia. http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/remahanna/files/6_elite_capture.pdf

Alatas, V., Cameron, L., Chaudhuri, A., Erkal, N., & Gangadharan, L. (2008). Subject pool effects in a corruption experiment: A comparison of Indonesian public servants and Indonesian students. Experimental Economics, 12(1), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-008-9207-3

Alatas, V., Cameron, L., Chaudhuri, A., Erkal, N., & Gangadharan, L. (2009). Gender, Culture, and Corruption: Insights from an Experimental Analysis. Southern Economic Journal, 75(3), 663–680.

Al‐Azzam, M. D. (2016). Corruption and Microcredit Interest Rates: Does Regulation Help? Bulletin of Economic Research, 68(S1), 182–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12080

Albanese, J. S., & Artello, K. (2018). Focusing Anti-Corruption Efforts More Effectively: An Empirical Look at Offender Motivation-Positive, Classical, Structural and Ethical Approaches. Advances in Applied Sociology, 8(6), 471–485. https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2018.86028

Albanese, J. S., Artello, K., & Nguyen, L. T. (2018). Distinguishing Corruption in Law and Practice: Empirically Separating Conviction Charges from Underlying Behaviors. Public Integrity, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1423859

Albin-Lackey, C. (2014). Corruption, Human Rights, and Activism: Useful Connections and Their Limits. In D. N. Sharp (Ed.), Justice and Economic Violence in Transition (pp. 139–163). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8172-0_6

Albisu Ardigó, I., & Hough, D. (2018). Bishops Who Live Like Princes: Bishop Tebartz-van Elst and the Challenge of Defining Corruption. Public Integrity, 20(1), 64–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1243001

Albulescu, C. T., Tămăşilă, M., & Tăucean, I. M. (2016). Entrepreneurship, Tax Evasion and Corruption in Europe. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 221(Journal Article), 246–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.112

Aldashev, G. (2015). Voter Turnout and Political Rents. Journal Of Public Economic Theory; J.Public.Econ.Theory., 17(4), 528–552. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12141

Aldaz, M., Alvarez, I., & Calvo, J. A. (2015). Non-financial reports, anti-corruption performance and corporate reputation. Revista Brasileira de Gestao de Negocios (Brazilian Journal of Business Management), 17(58), 1321. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v17i58.2687

Alderman, R. (2014). B20 Task Force on Improving Transparency and Anti-Corruption: Development of a Preliminary Study on Possible Regulatory Developments to Enhance

20 

 

the Private Sector Role in the Fight Against Corruption in a Global Business Context. http://www.aodv231.it/images/image/Allegato%201%20-Preliminary_Study_v_2%201.pdf

Aldrighi, D. M. (2011). Risks of Wrongdoing in Public Companies and Ways to Cope with Them: The Case of Brazil. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (Vol. 2). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QbZEbihNOfUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA231&dq=Aldrighi,+Dante+Mendes.+2011.+%E2%80%9CRisks+of+Wrongdoing+in+Public+Companies+and+Ways+to+Cope+with+Them:+The+Case+of+Brazil%E2%80%9D,+in+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption&ots=dGHqBJmG1V&sig=Qbfs7Ma00WvqduRX9hbBqZDYjtA

Aleksynska, M., & Havrylchyk, O. (2013). FDI from the south: The role of institutional distance and natural resources. European Journal of Political Economy, 29, 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2012.09.001

Alemu, A. M. (2012). Effects of Corruption on FDI Inflow in Asian Economies. Seoul Journal of Economics, 25(4), 387–412.

Alence, R. (2004). Political Institutions and Developmental Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 42(2), 163–187.

Alesina, A., & Angeletos, G.-M. (2005a). Fairness and Redistribution. American Economic Review, 95(4), 960–980. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828054825655

Alesina, A., & Angeletos, G.-M. (2005b). Corruption, inequality, and fairness. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(7), 1227–1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2005.05.003

Alesina, A., Devleeschauwer, A., Easterly, W., Kurlat, S., & Wacziarg, R. (2003). Fractionalization. Journal of Economic Growth, 8(2), 155–194.

Alesina, A. F., Michalopoulos, S., & Papaioannou, E. (2012). Ethnic Inequality (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2170635). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2170635

Alesina, A., Gennaioli, C., & Lovo, S. (2014). Public Goods and Ethnic Diversity: Evidence from Deforestation in Indonesia (Working Paper No. 20504). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w20504

Alesina, A., & Wacziarg, R. (1998). Openness, country size and government. Journal of Public Economics, 69(3), 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(98)00010-3

Alesina, A., & Weder, B. (2002). Do Corrupt Governments Receive Less Foreign Aid? American Economic Review, 92(4), 1126–1137.

21 

 

https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344669

Alesina, A., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2011). Segregation and the quality of government in a cross section of countries. American Economic Review, 101(5), 1872–1911.

Alessandro, M., Cardinale Lagomarsino, B., Scartascini, C., & Torrealday, J. (2019). Transparency and Trust in Government: Evidence from a Survey Experiment (No. 9496; IDB Publications (Working Papers)). Inter-American Development Bank. https://ideas.repec.org/p/idb/brikps/9496.html

Alexander, C. R., & Arlen, J. (2018). Does conviction matter? The reputational and collateral effects of corporate crime. Research Handbook on Corporate Crime and Financial Misdealing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781783474462/9781783474462.00011.xml

Alexander, C. R., & Cohen, M. A. (2015). The evolution of corporate criminal settlements: An empirical perspective on non-prosecution, deferred prosecution, and plea agreements.(p. 537-566). American Criminal Law Review, 52(3), 537.

Alexander, C. R., & Lee, Y.-H. A. (2018). Non-Prosecution of Corporations: Toward a Model of Cooperation and Leniency. North Carolina Law Review, 96(3), 859.

Alexander, D. (2017, October 26). Corruption and the Governance of Disaster Risk. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.253

Alexandre, A. B. (2018). Perception of corruption by traffic police and taxi drivers in Bukavu DR Congo: The limits of moral analysis. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 36(4), 563–574. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2019.1583323

Alexeev, M., & Conrad, R. (2009). The Elusive Curse of Oil. Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(3), 586–598. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.91.3.586

Alexeev, M., & Conrad, R. (2011). The natural resource curse and economic transition. Economic Systems, 35(4), 445–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2010.10.003

Alexeev, M., & Habodaszova, L. (2012). Fiscal Decentralization, Corruption, and the Shadow Economy. Public Finance and Management, 12(1), 74–99.

Alexeev, M., & Song, Y. (2013). Corruption and product market competition: An empirical investigation. Journal of Development Economics, 103, 154–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.02.010

Alfa, M., & Marangos, J. (2016). An empirical appraisal of the role of money in Nigerian politics. Int.J.of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEPEE.2016.074946

22 

 

Alfada, A. (2019a). Does Fiscal Decentralization Encourage Corruption in Local Governments? Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 12(3), 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030118

Alfada, A. (2019b). The destructive effect of corruption on economic growth in Indonesia: A threshold model. Heliyon, 5(10), e02649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02649

Alfano, M., Baraldi, A., & Cantabene, C. (2019). The Effect of Fiscal Decentralization on Corruption: A Non‐linear Hypothesis. German Economic Review, 20(1), 105–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/geer.12164

Alfano, M. Rosaria, & Baraldi, A. L. (2015). Is There an Optimal Level of Political Competition in Terms of Economic Growth? Evidence from Italy. European Journal of Law and Economics, 39(2), 263–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-012-9340-5

Alfano, Maria Rosaria, Baraldi, A. L., & Cantabene, C. (2013). The role of political competition in the link between electoral systems and corruption: The Italian case. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 47, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2013.07.005

Alfano, Maria Rosaria, Baraldi, A. L., & Papagni, E. (2016). Effect of the proportionality degree of electoral systems on corruption. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 34(8), 1895–1916. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X16642771

Alfonso, E. (2016). Stock Recommendations for Politically Connected Firms. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 43(3–4), 448–486. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12178

Alford, J., Teeters, H., Ward, D. S., & Wilson, R. K. (1994). Overdraft: The Political Cost of Congressional Malfeasance. The Journal of Politics, 56(3), 788–801. https://doi.org/10.2307/2132193

Alford, R. P. (2012). A Broken Windows Theory of International Corruption. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1253–1485.

Alhassan, A. (2019). Weak economic institutions in Africa: A destiny or design? International Journal of Social Economics, 46(7), 904–919. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-12-2018-0651

Alhassan-Alolo, N. (2007a). Fighting Public Sector Corruption in Ghana: Does Gender Matter? In Corruption and Development (pp. 205–220). Springer. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230590625_11

Alhassan-Alolo, N. (2007b). Gender and corruption: Testing the new consensus. Public Administration and Development, 27(3), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.455

Al-Hussein, K. (2020). The use of social media and perceptions of corruption within the Jordanian political elite. Technology in Society, 62, 101334-.

23 

 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101334

Ali, A., Khan, M. J., & Khalid, S. U. (2017). Theory and Practice of Understanding Corruption in Pakistan: Case Study of National Accountability Bureau, KPK. Pakistan Development Review, 56(4), 361.

Ali, A. M., & Isse, H. S. (2003). Determinants of economic corruption: A cross-country comparison. The Cato Journal, 22(3), 449.

Ali, K. (2017). Conflict of Interest: Engaging with Alatas’ Ideas in the Sociology of Corruption. Global Business and Management Research, 9(1s), 198–207.

Ali, M., Fjeldstad, O.-H., & Shifa, A. B. (2020). European colonization and the corruption of local elites: The case of chiefs in Africa. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 179, 80–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.08.043

Ali, Z. (2016). Conflict between social structure and legal framework: Political corruption in Pakistan. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 54(1), 115–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2015.1124497

Alias, N., & Nawawi, A. (2019). Internal auditor’s compliance to code of ethics. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2017-0066

Alibux, A. N. R. N. (2016). Criminogenic conditions, bribery and the economic crisis in the EU: A macro level analysis. 13(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370815597252

Alicante, T. (2019). To Catch a Kleptocrat: Lessons Learned from the Biens Mal Acquis Trials in France [National Endowment for Democracy Working Paper].

Aligica, P. D., & Tarko, V. (2014). Crony Capitalism: Rent Seeking, Institutions and Ideology. Kyklos, 67(2), 156–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12048

Aliyev, Z., & Safarov, I. (2019). Logos, Mythos and Ethos of Blockchain: An Integrated Framework for Anti-Corruption. http://www.oecd.org/corruption/integrity-forum/academic-papers/Z-Aliyev-I-Safarov-Blockchain-anti-corruption.pdf

Aliyu, S. U. R., & Elijah, A. O. (2008). Corruption and Economic Growth in Nigeria: 1986 -2007 [MPRA Paper]. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12504/

Aljarallah, R. (2019). Impact of Natural Resource Rents and Institutional Quality on Human Capital: A Case Study of the United Arab Emirates. Resources, 8(3), 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8030152

Aljazaerli, M. A., Sirop, R., & Mouselli, S. (2016). Corruption and Stock Market Development: New Evidence from GCC Countries. Verslas: Teorija Ir Praktika, 17(2), 117–127.

24 

 

https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2016.555

Al-Jundi, S. A. (2019). A survey dataset on determinants of administrative corruption. Data in Brief, 27, 104820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104820

Al-Kasim, F., Søreide, T., & Williams, A. (2013). Corruption and reduced oil production: An additional resource curse factor? Energy Policy, 54(C), 137–147.

Alldridge, P. (2012). The U.K. Bribery Act: "The Caffeinated Younger Sibling of the FCPA. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1181–1485.

Alldridge, P. (2013). Bribery and the changing pattern of criminal prosecution. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 219–250). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A020

Alldridge, P. (2015). Tax avoidance, tax evasion, money laundering and the problem of ‘offshore.’ In S. Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State: Essays in Political Economy (pp. 317–335). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=47KCCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA317&dq=Alldridge,+Peter.+2014.+Tax+Avoidance,+Tax+Evasion,+Money+Laundering+and+the+Problem+of+%E2%80%9COffshore%E2%80%9D.+Working+paper.&ots=1hyIm55HrZ&sig=K_nzxPqqjWraTVNxMUC6tz8l3zc

Allen, N., & Birch, S. (2011). Political Conduct and Misconduct: Probing Public Opinion. Parliamentary Affairs, 64(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsq007

Allen, N. W. (2014). From Patronage Machine to Partisan Melee: Subnational Corruption and the Evolution of the Indonesian Party System. Pacific Affairs, 87(2), 221–245. https://doi.org/10.5509/2014872221

Allen, N. W. (2015). Clientelism and the personal vote in Indonesia. Electoral Studies, 37(Journal Article), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.10.005

Alleyne, P., Charles-Soverall, W., Broome, T., & Pierce, A. (2017). Perceptions, predictors and consequences of whistleblowing among accounting employees in Barbados. Meditari Accountancy Research, 25(2), 241–267.

Alm, J., Martinez-Vazquez, J., & Mcclellan, C. (2016). Corruption and firm tax evasion. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 124(Journal Article), 146.

Alm, J., & Torgler, B. (2011). Do Ethics Matter? Tax Compliance and Morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 101(4), 635–651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0761-9

Al-Mahayreh, M., & Abedel-Qader, M. (2015). Identifying the Impact of Administrative Transparency on the Administrative Corruption: A study on the Employees of Grand Amman Municipality. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 5(2), 101–126.

25 

 

Al-Marhubi, F. (2004). The Determinants of governance: A cross-country analysis. Contemporary Economic Policy : A Journal of Western Economic Association International, 22(3), 394–406.

Al-Marhubi, F. A. (2000). Corruption and inflation. Economics Letters, 66(2), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(99)00230-X

Almond, M. A., & Syfert, S. D. (1997). Beyond compliance: Corruption, corporate responsibility and ethical standards in the new global economy. North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 22(2), 389–447.

Alolo, N. (2004). Fighting Public Sector Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Gender Matter? [IDD School of Public Policy Working Paper].

Alolo, N. (2006). Ethic of care versus ethic of justice? The gender-corruption nexus: Testing the new conventional wisdom. https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/3380

Alon, A., & Hageman, A. M. (2012). The Impact of Corruption on Firm Tax Compliance in Transition Economies: Whom Do You Trust? Journal of Business Ethics, 116(3), 479–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1457-5

Alonso, J. A., & Garcimartín, C. (2013). The Determinants of Institutional Quality. More on the Debate. Journal of International Development, 25(2), 206–226. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1710

Aloudat, A., Abulaila, M., Gadour, W., Salih, K., Aljishi, S., & Almohammadi, H. (2020). The Role of International Standards for Internal Auditing to Reduce Financial and Administrative Corruption on Public Shareholding Companies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 24(2), 1–14.

Al-Sadig, A. (2009). The effects of corruption on FDI inflows. The Cato Journal, 29(2), 267–294.

Alschuler, A. W. (2015). Criminal Corruption: Why Broad Definitions of Bribery make Things Worse. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 463–492.

Alston, L. J., & Gallo, A. A. (2010). Electoral fraud, the rise of Peron and demise of checks and balances in Argentina. Explorations in Economic History, 47(2), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2009.09.002

Alt, J. E., & Lassen, D. D. (2003). The Political Economy of Institutions and Corruption in American States. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 15(3), 341–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692803015003006

Alt, J. E., & Lassen, D. D. (2008). Political and Judicial Checks on Corruption: Evidence from American State Governments. Economics & Politics, 20(1), 33–61.

26 

 

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2007.00319.x

Alt, J. E., & Lassen, D. D. (2014). Enforcement and public corruption: Evidence from the American states. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 30(2), 307–338.

Altamirano, G. D. (2007). The Impact of the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption. University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 38, 487–699.

Altbach, P. G. (2020). Corruption: A Key Challenge to Internationalization. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 77–81). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000015.xml

Altindag, D., & Xu, J. (2017). Life Satisfaction and Preferences over Economic Growth and Institutional Quality. Journal Of Labor Research, 38(1), 100–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-016-9235-2

Altun, R. K. (2016). The Effect of Political Stability and Governance on Economic Development (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2948652). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2948652

Altunbaş, Y., & Thornton, J. (2012). Fiscal Decentralization and Governance. Public Finance Review, 40(1), 66–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142111424276

Álvarez Etxeberria, I., & Aldaz Odriozola, M. (2018). The social reputation of European companies: Does anti‐corruption disclosure affect stakeholders’ perceptions? Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(5), 713–721. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1488

Alvarez, J. P. (2015). Low-Level Corruption Tolerance: An Action-Based Approach for Peru and Latin America. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 7(2), 99–129.

Amacher, G. S. (2006). Corruption: A challenge for economists interested in forest policy design. Journal of Forest Economics, 12(2), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2006.05.002

Amara, I., & Khlif, H. (2018). Financial crime, corruption and tax evasion: A cross-country investigation. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 21(4), 545–554. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-10-2017-0059

Amat, F., & Beramendi, P. (2020). Democracy under High Inequality: Capacity, Spending, and Participation. The Journal of Politics, 82(3), 859–878. https://doi.org/10.1086/707397

Ambraseys, N., & Bilham, R. (2011). Corruption kills. Nature, 469(7329), 153–155. https://doi.org/10.1038/469153a

Ambrey, C., Fleming, C., Manning, M., & Smith, C. (2016). On the Confluence of Freedom of

27 

 

the Press, Control of Corruption and Societal Welfare. Social Indicators Research, 128(2), 859–880. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1060-0

Ameen, A. B., & Ahmad, K. (2013). A Conceptual Framework of Financial Information Systems to Reduce Corruption. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, 54(1). http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=19928645&AN=90357137&h=B4NGImJcqoSs54PiPibnecZk5ponlO%2FR2GM%2BLjUfL6bj9MuwN4IGf4kZ%2FJgsOInArxzMQfAwQENz66RGKo3Gmw%3D%3D&crl=c

Amegashie, J. A. (2016). The Welfare Effects of Consumers’ Reports of Bribery. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 25(2), 516–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12149

Ameyaw, Ernest E, Pärn, E., Chan, A. P. C., Owusu-Manu, D.-G., Edwards, D. J., & Darko, A. (2017). Corrupt Practices in the Construction Industry: Survey of Ghanaian Experience. Journal of Management in Engineering, 33(6). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000555

Ameyaw, Ernest Effah, & Chan, A. P. C. (2015). Evaluating key risk factors for PPP water projects in Ghana: A Delphi study. Journal of Facilities Management, 13(2), 133.

Amin, M., & Soh, Y. C. (2019). Corruption and Country Size: Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data (No. WPS8864; pp. 1–55). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/186421559050813620/Corruption-and-Country-Size-Evidence-Using-Firm-Level-Survey-Data

Amin, M., & Soh, Y. C. (2020). Does Greater Regulatory Burden Lead to More Corruption ? Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data for Developing Countries (No. WPS9149; pp. 1–50). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/296861582037503905/Does-Greater-Regulatory-Burden-Lead-to-More-Corruption-Evidence-Using-Firm-Level-Survey-Data-for-Developing-Countries

Amini, C., & Douarin, E. (2020). Corruption and Life Satisfaction in Transition: Is Corruption a Social Norm in Eastern Europe? Social Indicators Research, 151(2), 723-. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02389-6

Amir, R., & Burr, C. (2015). Corruption and Socially Optimal Entry. Journal of Public Economics, 123(Journal Article), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.12.012

Amit, E., Koralnik, J., Posten, A.-C., Muethel, M., & Lessig, L. (2017). Institutional corruption revisited: Exploring open questions within the institutional corruption literature. Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal, 26(3), 467.

Amodio, F., Choi, J., De Giorgi, G., & Rahman, A. (2018). Bribes vs. Taxes: Market Structure

28 

 

and Incentives. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. http://search.proquest.com/docview/2072928515/?pq-origsite=primo

Amore, M. D., & Bennedsen, M. (2013). The value of local political connections in a low-corruption environment. Journal of Financial Economics, 110(2), 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.06.002

Ampratwum, E. F. (2008). The fight against corruption and its implications for development in developing and transition economies. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 11(1), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685200810844514

Amundsen, I. (2013). ‘Pay up and off you go!’Buying political positions in Bangladesh. In T. Soreide & A. Williams (Eds.), Corruption, Grabbing and Development: Real World Challenges (pp. 140–147). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cS1jAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA140&dq=Amundsen,+Inge.+2013.+%E2%80%9C%E2%80%98Pay+Up+and+Off+You+Go!%E2%80%99:+Buying+Political+Positions+in+Bangladesh%E2%80%9D,+in+Soreide,+Tina+%26+Aled+Willams+eds.,+Corruption,+Grabbing+and+Development+(Edward+Elgar),+pp.+140-147.&ots=hka6df2lyZ&sig=zayo_U2h7KgFOEs_26WDC3v8hDI

Ana Sekulovska - Jovkovska, Pece Mitrevski, & Sime Arsenovski. (2020). Preventing Corrupt Practices in Public Institutions in the Western Balkans: Application of Ict Security Standards, Policies and Procedures. UTMS Journal of Economics, 11(1), 67–79.

Anaedozie, F. (2016). Is grand corruption the cancer of Nigeria? A critical discussion in the light of an exchange of presidential letters.(Report). 12(5), 11. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n5p11

Anand, V., Ashforth, B. E., & Joshi, M. (2005). Business as Usual: The Acceptance and Perpetuation of Corruption in Organizations. The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), 19(4), 9–23.

Anbarci, N., Escaleras, M., & Register, C. (2006). Traffic Fatalities and Public Sector Corruption. Kyklos, 59(3), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2006.00335.x

Anbarci, N., Escaleras, M., & Register, C. A. (2005). Earthquake fatalities: The interaction of nature and political economy. Journal of Public Economics, 89(9–10), 1907–1933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.08.002

Anbarci, N., Escaleras, M., & Register, C. A. (2009). The Ill Effects of Public Sector Corruption in the Water and Sanitation Sector. Land Economics, 85(2), 363–377.

Anders, G. (2015). The normativity of numbers in practice: Technologies of counting, accounting and auditing in Malawi’s civil service reform. Social Anthropology, 23(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12101

29 

 

Anders, G., Kanyongolo, F. E., & Seim, B. (2020). Corruption and the impact of law enforcement: Insights from a mixed-methods study in Malawi. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 58(3), 315–336. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X2000021X

Anders, G., & Nuijten, M. (2007). Corruption and the secret of law: An introduction. In Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective (pp. 1–26). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=e0bJtdjisCQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Anders,+Gerhard+%26+Monique+Nuijten.+2007.+%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+the+Secret+of+Law:+An+Introduction,%E2%80%9D+in+Monique+Juijten+%26+Gerhard+Anders+eds.,+Corruption+and+the+Secret+of+Law:+A+Legal+Anthropological+Perspective.+(Burlington,+VT:+Ashgate),+pp.+1-26.&ots=CFaKbn4xqo&sig=AB3pTO_eYj2DPNOGBt3WyFAryak

Andersen, Jørgen J., & Ross, M. L. (2014). The Big Oil Change A Closer Look at the Haber–Menaldo Analysis. Comparative Political Studies, 47(7), 993–1021. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013488557

Andersen, Jørgen Juel, Johannesen, N., Lassen, D. D., & Paltseva, E. (2017). Petro Rents, Political Institutions, and Hidden Wealth: Evidence from Offshore Bank Accounts. Journal of the European Economic Association, 15(4), 818–860.

Andersen, Jorgen Juel, Johannesen, N., & Rijkers, B. (2020). Elite Capture of Foreign Aid: Evidence from Offshore Bank Accounts (No. WPS9150; pp. 1–46). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/493201582052636710/Elite-Capture-of-Foreign-Aid-Evidence-from-Offshore-Bank-Accounts

Andersen, M. K. (2018). Why Corruption Matters in Human Rights. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 10(1), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huy004

Andersen, T. B. (2009). E-Government as an anti-corruption strategy. Information Economics and Policy, 21(3), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.11.003

Andersen, T. B., Bentzen, J., Dalgaard, C.-J., & Selaya, P. (2011). Does the Internet Reduce Corruption? Evidence from U.S. States and across Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 25(3), 387–417. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr025

Anderson, B. B. (2012). Corruption and economic development: A puzzling relationship. World Sustainable Development Outlook, 2(2), 557–568.

Anderson, B. B. (2013). Corrupting activities and economic development: New Variables in the Mix. International Journal of Innovation & Knowledge Management in Middle East & North Africa, 3(3–4), 369–378.

Anderson, B. B. (2015). Corrupting activities and economic development. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 11(1), 64–64.

30 

 

Anderson, C. (2017). Sanctions, Transparency, and Accountability: The Missing Links in Natural Resource Anti-Corruption Efforts. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 48(3), 779–806.

Anderson, C. J., & Tverdova, Y. V. (2003). Corruption, Political Allegiances, and Attitudes Toward Government in Contemporary Democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 47(1), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5907.00007

Anderson, E.-L., & Beresford, A. (2016). Infectious injustice: The political foundations of the Ebola crisis in Sierra Leone. Third World Quarterly, 37(3), 468–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1103175

Anderson, J. E., & Marcouiller, D. (2002). Insecurity and the Pattern of Trade: An Empirical Investigation. Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(2), 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465302317411587

Anderson, J. E., & Marcouiller, D. (2005). Anarchy and Autarky: Endogenous Predation as a Barrier to Trade. International Economic Review, 46(1), 189–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-6598.2005.00315.x

Anderson, J., & Gray, C. (2006). Anticorruption in Transition 3: Who is Succeeding...And Why? The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/doi/abs/10.1596/978-0-8213-6692-9

Anderson, J. H., Recanatini, F., & Kaufmann, D. (2003). Service delivery, poverty and corruption-common threads from diagnostic surveys. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US2012406586

Anderson, R. D., Jones, A., & Kovacic, W. E. (2018). Preventing Corruption, Supplier Collusion and the Corrosion of Civic Trust: A Procompetitive Program to Improve the Effectiveness and Legitimacy of Public Procurement (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3289170). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3289170

Anderson, R. D., Kovacic, W. E., & Müller, A. C. (2011). Ensuring integrity and competition in public procurement markets: A dual challenge for good governance. In The WTO Regime on Government Procurement: Challenge and Reform (pp. 681–718). Cambridge University Press. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robert_Anderson40/publication/265222261_Ensuring_integrity_and_competition_in_public_procurement_markets_A_dual_challenge_for_good_governance/links/552671540cf2628d5afdf690.pdf

Andersson, L. (2017). Of Great Vampire Squids and Jamming Blood Funnels: A Socially Constructed and Historically Situated Perspective on Organizational Corruption. Journal

31 

 

of Management Inquiry, 26(4), 406–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492616670755

Andersson, Staffan. (2008). Studying the Risk of Corruption in the Least Corrupt Countries. Public Integrity, 10(3), 193–214. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922100301

Andersson, Staffan. (2017). Beyond Unidimensional Measurement of Corruption. Public Integrity, 19(1), 58–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1200408

Andersson, Staffan, & Anechiarico, F. (2012). The political economy of conflicts of interest in an era of public-private governance. In P. Heywood (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 253–270). http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:551019

Andersson, Staffan, & Erlingsson, G. Ó. (2016). New Public Management and Risks of Corruption: The Case of Sweden. In The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (pp. 33–58). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HxWgCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA33&dq=Andersson,+Staffan+%26+Gissur+O.+Erlingsson.+2012.+%E2%80%9CNew+Public+Management+and+Risks+of+Corruption:+The+Case+of+Sweden%E2%80%9D,+in+Dirk+Tanzler,+Konstadinos+Maras+%26+Angelos+Giannakopoulos+eds.,+The+Social+Construction+of+Corruption+in+Europe+(Ashgate),+pp.33-58.&ots=nMqBOiqxT3&sig=6zEaZrjSW3U_O1JrXR46mkOwrSU

Andersson, Staffan, & Heywood, P. M. (2009). The Politics of Perception: Use and Abuse of Transparency International’s Approach to Measuring Corruption. Political Studies, 57(4), 746–767. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2008.00758.x

Andersson, Steffan, & Heywood, P. M. (2009). Anti-Corruption as a Risk to Democracy: On the Unintended Consequences of International Anti-Corruption Campaigns. In L. de Sousa, P. Larmour, & B. Hindess (Eds.), Governments, NGOs and anti-corruption: The new integrity warriors (pp. 362–377). Routledge.

Andrades, J., Martinez-Martinez, D., Larran, M., & Herrera, J. (2019). Online information disclosure in Spanish municipal-owned enterprises. Online Information Review, 43(5), 922–944. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2018-0063

Andreas, P. (1998). The Political Economy of Narco-Corruption in Mexico. Current History, 97, 160–170.

Andreev, S. A. (2009). The unbearable lightness of membership: Bulgaria and Romania after the 2007 EU accession. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 42(3), 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2009.07.001

Andrei, T., Matei, A., & Oancea, B. (2009). Simultaneous Equations Models Used in the Study of Some Issues Related to the Corruption and Performance of Services in the Public

32 

 

Health System. Theoretical and Applied Economics, XVI(1), 3–18.

Andrei, T., Matei, A., Stancu, S., & Oancea, B. (2009). Some Notes About Decentralization Process Implications on Public Administration Corruption in Romania. Prague Economic Papers, 1, 26–37.

Andrei, T., Stancu, S., Nedelcu, M., & Matei, A. (2009). Econometric Models Used for the Corruption Analysis. Economic Computation & Economic Cybernetics Studies & Research, 43(1), 101–122.

Andresen, M. S., & Button, M. (2019). The profile and detection of bribery in Norway and England & Wales: A comparative study. European Journal of Criminology, 16(1), 18–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370818764827

Andreula, N., Chong, A., & Guillen, J. B. (2009). Institutional quality and fiscal transparency (IDB Working Paper #IDP-WP-125). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1817228

Andrews, J. T., & Montinola, G. R. (2004). Veto players and the rule of law in emerging democracies. Comparative Political Studies, 37(1), 55–87.

Andrews, Matt. (2008). The Good Governance Agenda: Beyond Indicators without Theory. Oxford Development Studies, 36(4), 379–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600810802455120

Andrews, Matthew, & Shah, A. (2005). Toward citizen-centered local-level budgets in developing countries. In Public Expenditure Analysis (pp. 183–216). World Bank. http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/207233/TowardsCitizencenteredLocalBudgets.pdf

Andrews, T. G., Nimanandh, K., Htun, K. T., & Kantabutra, S. (2019). Responsible cronyism in transition: Understanding changing attitudes to business corruption in Myanmar. Asia Pacific Business Review, 25(4), 554–570. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2019.1589767

Andrews, T. G., Rowley, C., Nimanandh, K., & Buranapin, S. (2019a). Business corruption in the Asia Pacific region: Recapitulation and prospects. Asia Pacific Business Review, 25(4), 600–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2019.1629187

Andrews, T. G., Rowley, C., Nimanandh, K., & Buranapin, S. (2019b). Corruption in Asia Pacific business organizations: Insights on causes, conditions, consequences and treatment. Asia Pacific Business Review, 25(4), 459–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2019.1628504

Andrianova, S. (2001). Corruption and Reputation. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 48(3),

33 

 

245–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9485.00197

Andrianova, S. (2007). On Corruption and Institutions in Decentralized Economies. The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1704.1353

Andrianova, S., & Melissas, N. (2009). Corruption, Extortion, and the Boundaries of the Law. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 25(2), 442–471. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewn009

Andrighetto, G., Zhang, N., Ottone, S., Ponzano, F., D’Attoma, J., & Steinmo, S. (2016). Are Some Countries More Honest than Others? Evidence from a Tax Compliance Experiment in Sweden and Italy. Frontiers In Psychology; Front.Psychol., 7(Journal Article). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00472

Androphy, B. (2015). Understanding the Limited Authority of Ethics Commissions. Public Administration Review, 75(1), 111–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12316

Anduiza, E., Gallego, A., & Muñoz, J. (2013). Turning a Blind Eye Experimental Evidence of Partisan Bias in Attitudes Toward Corruption. Comparative Political Studies, 46(12), 1664–1692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013489081

Andvig, J. (2005). Experimental Research and Corruption: A Survey of Budding Research. In Global Corruption Report 2005: Corruption in Construction and Post-Conflict Reconstruction (pp. 265–267).

Andvig, J. (2007). Corruption in China and Russia compared: Different legacies of central planning. In International handbook on the economics of corruption (p. 278). https://books-google-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJWEoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA278&dq=Andvig,+Jens.+2006.+%E2%80%9CCorruption+in+China+and+Russia+Compared:+Different+Legacies+of+Central+Planning%E2%80%9D,+in+Susan+Rose-Ackerman+ed.,+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption+(Edward+Elgar),+pp.+278-322.&ots=j9aguF0_Ac&sig=ry2ijaLKt2jJLdI4UdZwuWVTxKg

Andvig, Jens Chr. (2002). Corruption. NUPI.

Andvig, Jens Chr. (2006). Corruption and fast change. World Development, 34(2), 328–340.

Andvig, Jens Chr. (2008). Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa and its Sources of Evidence (NUPI Working Paper 744). http://dspace.africaportal.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/27523/1/Corruption%20in%20Sub-Saharan%20Africa%20and%20its%20sources%20of%20evidence.pdf

Andvig, Jens Chr, & Fjeldstad, O.-H. (2008). Crime, poverty and police corruption in developing countries (NUPI Working Paper 738). http://bora.cmi.no/dspace/handle/10202/417

34 

 

Andvig, Jens Chr., & Moene, K. O. (1990). How corruption may corrupt. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 13(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(90)90053-G

Andvig, Jens Christopher. (1991). The economics of corruption: A survey. Studi Economici, 43(1), 57–94.

Andvig, Jens Christopher. (2005). A house of straw, sticks or bricks? Some notes on corruption empirics (pp. 3–22) [NUPI Working Paper 678]. http://kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/27335/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/B352F845-2CE7-4535-949F-71E54BE9EB77/en/678.pdf

Andvig, Jens Christopher. (2010). Corruption and conflict. Contrasting logics of collective action. Comparative Social Research, 27, 77–102.

Andvig, Jens Christopher, & Attila, J. (2009). Crime, Police Corruption and Development: Evidence from Victimization Data (NUPI Working Paper 772). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2260961

Andvig, Jens Christopher & others. (2008). Corruption and armed conflicts: Some stirring around in the governance soup (Kiel Institute for the World Economy Economics Discussion Papers No. 2008-3). http://www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/discussionpapers/2008-3/count

Andvig, Jens Christopher, & Todorov, B. (2011). Anti-Corruption in Public Procurement: Balancing the Policies. Center for the Study of Democracy.

Anechiarico, F. (1996). The pursuit of absolute integrity: How corruption control makes government ineffective. University of Chicago Press.

Anechiarico, F. (1999). End-runs and hairy eyeballs: The costs of corruption control in market democracies. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 379–391.

Anechiarico, F. (2006a). Procuring integrity: Oversight, inspection and the politics of public contracting. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The Corruption Monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 21–30). Czernin Verlag.

Anechiarico, F. (2006b). Prosecution as corruption control: Paradigms of public integrity in context. Wayne Law Review, 52(4), 1415–1432.

Anechiarico, F. (2017). Legal but corrupt: A new perspective on public ethics.

Anechiarico, F., & Jacobs, J. B. (1994). Visions of Corruption Control and the Evolution of American Public Administration. Public Administration Review, 54(5), 465–473. https://doi.org/10.2307/976432

Ang, Y. (2014). Authoritarian Restraints on Online Activism Revisited: Why “I-Paid-A-Bribe”

35 

 

Worked in India but Failed in China. American University International Law Review, 47(1), 1.

Ang, Y. Y., & Jia, N. (2014). Perverse Complementarity: Political Connections and the Use of Courts among Private Firms in China. The Journal of Politics, 76(2), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381613001400

Angeles, L., & Neanidis, K. C. (2015). The Persistent Effect of Colonialism on Corruption. Economica, 82(326), 319.

Anghel, B. (2014). Do institutions affect foreign direct investment? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228622178_Do_institutions_affect_foreign_direct_investment

Anh, N., Minh, N., & Tran-Nam, B. (2016). Corruption and economic growth, with a focus on Vietnam. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9603-0

Anik, A. R., & Bauer, S. (2013). Impact of Corruption on Farm Production and Profit. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 2(14), 3–14.

Anik, Ar, Bauer, S., & Alam, M. (2013). Why farm households have differences in corruption experiences? Evidences from Bangladesh. Agricultural Economics-Zemedelska Ekonomika, 59(10), 478–488.

Anik, Asif, & Bauer, S. (2014). Household Income and Relationships with Different Power Entities as Determinants of Corruption. Contemporary Economics, 8(3), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.145

Anis, M. (2018). The effect of political connections on companies’ performance and value. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 8(2), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-12-2016-0105

Anishchenko, М. А. (2019). Anti-corruption management in the health care system: The legal aspect. Aktualʹnì Pitannâ Farmacevtičnoï ì Medičnoï Nauki Ta Praktiki, 12(2), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2019.2.171228

Ankamah, S. S., & Manzoor E Khoda, S. M. (2018). Political will and government anti‐corruption efforts: What does the evidence say? Public Administration and Development, 38(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1815

Annoni, P., & Charron, N. (2019). Measurement Assessment in Cross-Country Comparative Analysis: Rasch Modelling on a Measure of Institutional Quality. Social Indicators Research, 141(1), 31–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1821-z

Anokhin, S., & Acar, W. (2012). Corruption and the ethical context of country-level

36 

 

entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing. http://www.inderscienceonline.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/doi/abs/10.1504/IJEV.2012.049830

Anokhin, S., & Schulze, W. S. (2009). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and corruption. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 465–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.06.001

Anoruo, E., & Braha, H. (2005). Corruption and economic growth: The African experience. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 7(1), 43–55.

Ansell, A. (2018a). Impeaching Dilma Rousseff: The double life of corruption allegations on Brazil’s political right. Culture, Theory and Critique, 59(4), 312–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2018.1499432

Ansell, A. (2018b). Clientelism, Elections, and the Dialectic of Numerical People in Northeast Brazil. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S128–S137. https://doi.org/10.1086/696530

Ansolabehere, S. (2007). The Scope of Corruption: Lessons from Comparative Campaign Finance Disclosure. Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, 6(2), 163–183. https://doi.org/10.1089/elj.2007.6203

Ansolabehere, S., de Figueiredo, J. M., & Snyder, J. M. (2003). Why is There so Little Money in U.S. Politics? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1), 105–130. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533003321164976

Ansolabehere, S., Gerber, A., & Snyder Jr., J. M. (2001). Corruption and the Growth of Campaign Spending. In G. C. Lubenow (Ed.), A user’s guide to campaign finance reform (pp. 25–46). Rowman & Littlefield. https://books-google-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/books?hl=en&lr=&id=iOIZWy0Y-YMC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Ansolabehere,+Stephen,+Alan+Gerber+%26+James+M.+Snyder,+Jr.+2001.+%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+the+Growth+of+Campaign+Spending,%E2%80%9D+in+Gereald+Lubenow+ed.,+A+User%E2%80%99s+Guide+to+Campaign+Finance+Reform+(Lanham,+MD:+Rowman+%26+Littlefield+2001),+pp.+25-46.&ots=frA_-DE2Rt&sig=TIbXreDjmlivuKDI_aEX_ZfrOEw

Anson, J., Cadot, O., & Olarreaga, M. (2006). Tariff Evasion and Customs Corruption: Does Pre-Shipment Inspection Help? Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0645.1600

Antentas, J. M. (2015). Spain: The indignados rebellion of 2011 in perspective. Labor History, 56(2), 136–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2015.1029813

Anthonsen, M., Löfgren, Å., Nilsson, K., & Westerlund, J. (2012). Effects of Rent Dependency on Quality of Government. Economics of Governance, 13(2), 145–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-011-0105-3

37 

 

Antoci, A., & Sacco, P. L. (1995). A Public-Contracting Evolutionary Game with Corruption. Journal of Economics, 61(2), 89–122.

Antonikova, N. A. (2015). Private Sector Corruption in International Trade: The Need for Heightened Reporting and a Private Right of Action in the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Brigham Young University International Law & Management Review, 11(Journal Article), 93–125.

Antunes, A. R., & Cavalcanti, T. V. de V. (2007). Start up costs, limited enforcement, and the hidden economy. European Economic Review, 51(1), 203–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2005.11.008

Antunes, R., & Santana, M. (2019). Chronicle of a Defeat Foretold: The PT Administrations from Compromise to the Coup. Latin American Perspectives, 46(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X18807210

Aparicio, S., Urbano, D., & Audretsch, D. (2016). Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: Panel data evidence. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 102(Journal Article), 45.

Apata, G. O. (2018). Corruption and the postocolonial state: How the west invented African corruption. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2018.1497292

Apaza, C. R. (2009). Measuring Governance and Corruption through the Worldwide Governance Indicators: Critiques, Responses, and Ongoing Scholarly Discussion. PS: Political Science & Politics, 42(01), 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096509090106

Apaza, C. R., & Chang, Y. (2017). Whistleblowing in the world: Government policy, mass media and the law. Palgrave Macmillan.

Apergis, E., & Apergis, N. (2017). US political corruption: Identifying the channels of bribes for firms’ financial policies. International Review of Financial Analysis, 54, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2017.09.010

Apergis, E., & Apergis, N. (2019). New evidence on corruption and government debt from a global country panel. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(5), 1009–1027. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-03-2018-0088

Apergis, N., & Dănuleţiu, D. C. (2013). Public deficit, public debt, corruption and economic freedom: Some empirical evidence from Romania. The Romanian Economic Journal, XVI(48), 3–22.

Apergis, N., Dincer, O. C., & Payne, J. E. (2009). The relationship between corruption and income inequality in U.S. states: Evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction

38 

 

model. Public Choice, 145(1–2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9557-1

Apergis, N., Dincer, O. C., & Payne, J. E. (2012). Live free or bribe: On the causal dynamics between economic freedom and corruption in U.S. states. European Journal of Political Economy, 28(2), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.10.001

Apollonio, D., Cain, B. E., & Drutman, L. (2008). Access and lobbying: Looking beyond the corruption paradigm. Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, 36(1), 13–50.

Appiah, S. C. Y., Ametepe, K., & Dapaah, J. M. (2014). Systemic barriers to the fight against corruption by anti-corruptions institutions in Ghana. 5(5), 465–473.

Appolloni, A. (2013). Public Procurement and Corruption in Africa: A Literature Review. Rivista Di Politica Economica, 2, 191–214.

Arafa, M. A. (2011). Battling corruption within a corporate social responsibility strategy. Indiana International & Comparative Law Review, 21(3), 397–418.

Arafa, M. A. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Fight Against Corruption: Towards the Concept of CSR in Egypt after the January Revolution. In Council on International Law and Politics [Corporate Social Responsibility in Comparative Perspective Book] (pp. 182–221). http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2485902

Aragonès, E., Rivas, J., & Tóth, Á. (2020). Voter heterogeneity and political corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 170, 206–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.12.004

Araujo, J., & Tejedo-Romero, F. (2016). Women’s political representation and transparency in local governance. Local Government Studies, 42(6), 885–906. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2016.1194266

Arayankalam, J., Khan, A., & Krishnan, S. (2020). How to deal with corruption? Examining the roles of e-government maturity, government administrative effectiveness, and virtual social networks diffusion. International Journal of Information Management, 102203-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102203

Arbache, J. S., & Habyarimana, J. (2010). Silent and lethal: How quiet corruption undermines Africa’s development efforts (Working Paper No. 53844). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/01/12059203/silent-lethal-quiet-corruption-undermines-africas-development-efforts#

Arbatskaya, M., & Mialon, H. M. (2020). The Impact of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on Competitiveness, Bribery, and Investment. American Law and Economics Review, 22(1), 105–126. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahaa004

39 

 

Arbogast, S. V. (2008). Resisting Corporate Corruption: Lessons in Practical Ethics from the Enron Wreckage. Conflicts and Trends in Business Ethics. Scrivener Publishing.

Archambeault, D. S., Webber, S., & Greenlee, J. (2015). Fraud and Corruption in U.S. Nonprofit Entities. Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 44(6), 1194–1224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764014555987

Ardanaz, M., & Maldonado, S. (2016). Natural Resource Windfalls and Efficiency of Local Government Expenditures: Evidence from Peru. In Documentos de Trabajo (No. 014578; Documentos de Trabajo). Universidad del Rosario. https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000092/014578.html

Arellano-Gault, D. (2016). Understanding the Trap of Systemic Corruption. Governance, 29(4), 463–465. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12236

Arena, V. (2018). Fighting Corruption: Political Thought and Practice in the Late Roman Republic. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-3

Arends, H. (2020). The Dangers of Fiscal Decentralization and Public Service Delivery: A Review of Arguments. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 61(3), 599–622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-020-00233-7

Arendt, F., & Marquart, F. (2015). Corrupt politicians? Media priming effects on overtly expressed stereotypes toward politicians. Communications-European Journal Of Communication Research; Communications, 40(2), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2015-0003

Ares, M., & Hernández, E. (2017). The corrosive effect of corruption on trust in politicians: Evidence from a natural experiment. Research & Politics, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168017714185

Arezki, R., & Brückner, M. (2011). Oil Rents, Corruption, and State Stability: Evidence from Panel Data Regressions. European Economic Review, 55(7), 955–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2011.03.004

Arezki, R., & Brückner, M. (2012). Commodity windfalls, polarization, and net foreign assets: Panel data evidence on the voracity effect. Journal of International Economics, 86(2), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.11.001

Arezki, R., & Gylfason, T. (2013). Resource Rents, Democracy, Corruption and Conflict: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Economies, 22(4), 552–569.

40 

 

Arezki, R., & Van der Ploeg, R. (2007). Can the Natural Resource Curse Be Turned Into a Blessing? The Role of Trade Policies and Institutions [IMF Working Paper WP/07/55]. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=969869

Arffa, L. B. (2018). The Crime of “Causing Traffic”: Can the Criminal Civil Rights Statutes Target Public Corruption? Yale Law & Policy Review, 36(2), 538.

Argandoña, A. (2003). Private-to-private Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 47(3), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026266219609

Argandoña, A. (2005). Corruption and Companies: The Use of Facilitating Payments. Journal of Business Ethics, 60(3), 251–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-0133-4

Argandoña, A. (2007). The United Nations Convention Against Corruption and its Impact on International Companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(4), 481–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9524-z

Argandoña, A. (2016). Extortion (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2900928). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2900928

Ari, A. (2008). Some educational sources of anxiety in Kyrgyz youth. Social Behavior and Personality, 36(5), 577–584. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.5.577

Ariely, D. (2012). The (honest) truth about dishonesty: How we lie to everyone---especially ourselves (First edition). Harper, 2012, ©2012.

Arikan, G. G. (2004). Fiscal Decentralization: A Remedy for Corruption? International Tax and Public Finance, 11(2), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ITAX.0000011399.00053.a1

Arikan, G. G. (2008). How Privatizations Affect the Level of Perceived Corruption. Public Finance Review, 36(6), 706–727. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142107313302

Arin, K. P., Chmelarova, V., Feess, E., & Wohlschlegel, A. (2011). Why are corrupt countries less successful in consolidating their budgets? Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.01.007

Ariu, A., Docquier, F., & Squicciarini, M. P. (2016). Governance quality and net migration flows. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 60(C), 238–248.

Ariu, A., & Squicciarini, M. P. (2013). The balance of brains—Corruption and migration. EMBO Reports, 14(6), 502–504. https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2013.59

Ariyabuddhiphongs, V., & Hongladarom, C. (2011). Violation of Buddhist Five Precepts, Money Consciousness, and the Tendency to Pay Bribes among Organizational Employees in Bangkok, Thailand. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 33(3), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1163/157361211X594168

41 

 

Ariyabuddhiphongs, V., & Hongladarom, C. (2014). Bribe taking acceptability and bribe payment among Thai organizational employees: The mediating effect of reciprocity obligation. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 3(3), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1037/ipp0000018

Arlen, J. (1994). The Potentially Perverse Effects of Corporate Criminal Liability. The Journal of Legal Studies, 23(2), 833–867. https://doi.org/10.1086/467947

Arlen, J. (2011). The Failure of the Organizational Sentencing Guidelines Symposium: From the Board Room to the Court Room: The Evolving Legal Status of Corporate Crime. University of Miami Law Review, 66(2), 321–362.

Arlen, J. (2012). Corporate Criminal Liability: Theory and Evidence. In Research Handbook on the Economics of Criminal Law. Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781848443747.00014.xml

Arlen, J. (2016). Prosecuting Beyond the Rule of Law: Corporate Mandates Imposed through Deferred Prosecution Agreements. Journal of Legal Analysis, 8(1), 191–234. https://doi.org/10.1093/jla/law007

Arlen, J. (2020). The potential promise and perils of introducing deferred prosecution agreements outside the U.S. Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00016.xml

Arlen, J., & Kahan, M. (2017). Corporate Governance Regulation through Nonprosecution. University of Chicago Law Review, 84(1), 323–388.

Armacost, B. (2004). Organizational culture and police misconduct. George Washington Law Review, 72(3), 453–546.

Armacost, R. L., Hosseini, J. C., Morris, S. A., & Rehbein, K. A. (1991). An Empirical Comparison of Direct Questioning, Scenario, and Randomized Response Methods for Obtaining Sensitive Business Information. Decision Sciences, 22(5), 1073–1090. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1991.tb01907.x

Armantier, O., & Boly, A. (2008). Can corruption be studied in the lab? Comparing a field and a lab experiment (CIRANO Working Paper 2008s-26). http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1324120

Armantier, O., & Boly, A. (2011). A controlled field experiment on corruption. European Economic Review, 55(8), 1072–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2011.04.007

Armantier, O., & Boly, A. (2013). Comparing Corruption in the Laboratory and in the Field in Burkina Faso and in Canada. The Economic Journal, 123(573), 1168–1187. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12019

42 

 

Armantier, O., & Boly, A. (2014). On the effects of incentive framing on bribery: Evidence from an experiment in Burkina Faso. Economics of Governance, 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-013-0135-0

Armey, L., & Melese, F. (2017). Minimizing Public Sector Corruption: The Economics of Crime, Identity Economics, and Money Laundering. Defence and Peace Economics, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1318013

Armijo, L. E., & Rhodes, S. D. (2017). Explaining infrastructure underperformance in Brazil: Cash, political institutions, corruption, and policy Gestalts. Policy Studies, 38(3), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2017.1290227

Arminen, H., & Menegaki, A. N. (2019). Corruption, climate and the energy-environment-growth nexus. Energy Economics, 80, 621–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.02.009

Armon, J. (2007). Aid, Politics and Development: A Donor Perspective. Development Policy Review, 25(5), 653–656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2007.00390.x

Armstrong, R. (1992). An empirical investigation of international marketing ethics: Problems encountered by Australian firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(3), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00871963

Arnaudovska, A. (2018). Understanding and Combating Judicial Corruption. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 4(1), 115–124.

Arndt, C., Oman, C., & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2006). Development Centre Studies Uses and Abuses of Governance Indicators. France: OECD Development Centre.

Arnold, J. R. (2011). Political awareness, corruption perceptions and democratic accountability in Latin America. Acta Politica, 47(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.1057/ap.2011.21

Arnold, P. E. (2003). Democracy and Corruption in the 19th Century United States: Parties ‘Spoils’ and Political Participation. In The History of Corruption in Central Government (pp. 197–212).

Arnone, M. (2014). Corruption economic analysis and international law. Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR00120140808

Arnone, M., & Iliopulos, E. (2007). The Cost of Corruption–Economic Institutional and Social Effects,. Vita e Pensiero (Milan: Vita e Pensiero).

Arora, D. (1993). Conceptualising the context and contextualizing the concept—Corruption reconsidered. Indian Journal of Public Administration, xxxix(1), 1–19.

43 

 

Arozamena, L., & Weinschelbaum, F. (2009). The effect of corruption on bidding behavior in first-price auctions. European Economic Review, 53(6), 645–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2008.11.001

Arrieta, L. (2016). Attacking Bribery at its Core: Shifting to the Demand Side of the Bribery Equation. Public Contract Law Journal, 45(4), 587–612.

Arriola, L. (2011). Patronage circulation and party system fragmentation in Africa. Working Paper.

Arriola, L. R. (2009). Patronage and Political Stability in Africa. Comparative Political Studies, 42(10), 1339–1362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009332126

Artavanis, N., Morse, A., & Tsoutsoura, M. (2016). Measuring Income Tax Evasion Using Bank Credit: Evidence from Greece. Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 131(2), 739–798. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw009

Artello, K., & Albanese, J. S. (2019). Investigative decision-making in public corruption cases: Factors influencing case outcomes. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1670510

Arvate, P. R., Curi, A. Z., Rocha, F., & Miessi Sanches, F. (2010). Corruption and the size of government: Causality tests for OECD and Latin American countries. Applied Economics Letters, 17(10), 1013–1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850802676207

Arvin, M., & Lew, B. (2014). Does income matter in the happiness-corruption relationship? Journal of Economic Studies, 41(3), 469–490. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-02-2013-0024

Asadullah, M. N., & Chakravorty, N. N. T. (2019). Growth, governance and corruption in Bangladesh: A re-assessment. Third World Quarterly, 40(5), 947–965. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1599854

Asamoah, K., & Ofosu-Mensah, E. A. (2018). Fruitlessness of Anti-Corruption Agencies: Lessons from the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice in Ghana. Journal of Asian and African Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909618762575

Asare, B. (2012). Unitarism and presidentialism: Political institutions and corruption in public management in Ghana. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 4(2), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPAPR11.046

Asea, W. B. (2018). Combating political and bureaucratic corruption in Uganda: Colossal challenges for the church and the citizens. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 74(2), e1–e14. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i2.4535

Asghar, N., Qureshi, S., & Nadeem, M. (2016). Effects of Socio-Economic and Political Factors on the Crime Rate in Pakistan. Journal of Political Studies, 23(1), 183.

44 

 

Ashari, A., Nanere, M., & Trebilcock, P. (2018). Corruption awareness and ethical decision making in Indonesia. Business and Economic Horizons, 14(3), 570–586. https://doi.org/10.15208/beh.2018.41

Ashcroft, J., & Ratcliffe, J. (2012). The Recent and Unusual Evolution of an Expanding FCPA. 26, 25–621.

Ashe, D. (2005). The Lengthening Anti-Bribery Lasso of the United States: The Recent Extraterritorial Application of the U. S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Fordham Law Review, 73(6), 2897–2945.

Asher, M. G. (2001). Design of tax systems and corruption. Conference on “Fighting Corruption: Common Challenges and Shared Experiences”, Singapore, 10–11. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mukul_Asher/publication/228543638_Design_of_tax_systems_and_corruption/links/0deec5149a9c4827e9000000.pdf

Asher, S., & Novosad, P. (2018). Rent-Seeking and Criminal Politicians: Evidence from Mining Booms. Unpublished manuscript. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~novosad/asher-novosad-mining-politics.pdf

Ashforth, B. E., & Anand, V. (2003). The Normalization of Corruption in Organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 1–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(03)25001-2

Ashforth, B. E., Gioia, D. A., Robinson, S. L., & Treviño, L. K. (2008). Re-Viewing Organizational Corruption. Academy of Management Review, 33(3), 670–684. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2008.32465714

Ashkanasy, N. M., Windsor, C. A., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Bad Apples in Bad Barrels Revisited: Cognitive Moral Development, Just World Beliefs, Rewards, and Ethical Decision-Making. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(4), 449–473.

Ashour, A. S. (2006). Integrity, Corruption and Development in Arab Countries. http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan031660.pdf

Ashraf, B. N. (2017). Political institutions and bank risk-taking behavior. Journal of Financial Stability, 29, 13–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2017.01.004

Ashraf, B. N., Arshad, S., & Yan, L. (2018). Do Better Political Institutions Help in Reducing Political Pressure on State-Owned Banks? Evidence from Developing Countries. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 11(3), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm11030043

Ashyrov, G., & Akuffo, I. N. (2020). Dimension of corruption and firm performance: An empirical analysis from BEEPS survey. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(3), 384–403. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-08-2019-0476

45 

 

Asia Foundation. (2008). The cost of moving goods: Road transportation, regulations, and charges in Indonesia. Asia Foundation.

Asian African Legal Consultative Organization. (2005). Combating Corruption: A Legal Analysis. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/toc/550349251.pdf

Asian Development Bank. (1991). Anticorruption and Integrity: Policies and Strategies. Asian Development Bank.

Asian Development Bank & Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Asian Development Bank, & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2006). Anti-corruption policies in Asia and the Pacific: Progress in legal and institutional reform in 25 countries. Asian Development Bank ; Paris, France.

Asiedu, Edward. (2014). Is Pro-Social Behavior Stable? Revisiting the Impact of Gender, Education and Situational Effects in Corruption Behavior: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa [Working Paper].

Asiedu, Edward. (2020). Household services, social norms and bribe involvements? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Development Issues, 19(2), 229–253. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-11-2019-0195

Asiedu, Elizabeth. (2006). Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Role of Natural Resources, Market Size, Government Policy, Institutions and Political Instability. World Economy, 29(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00758.x

Asiedu, Elizabeth, & Esfahani, H. (2001). Ownership Structure In Foreign Direct Investment Projects. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(4), 647–662.

Asiedu, Elizabeth, & Freeman, J. (2009). The Effect of Corruption on Investment Growth: Evidence from Firms in Latin America, Sub‐Saharan Africa, and Transition Countries. Review of Development Economics, 13(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2009.00507.x

Asiedu, K. F., & Deffor, E. W. (2017). Fighting Corruption by Means of Effective Internal Audit Function: Evidence from the Ghanaian Public Sector. International Journal of Auditing, 21(1), 82–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12082

Asilis, C., & Juan-Ramon, V. H. (1994). On corruption and capital accumulation (IMF Working Paper WP/94/86). http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=883817

Askari, H., Rehman, S. S., & Arfaa, N. (2010). Corruption and its Manifestation in the Persian Gulf [Books]. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/elgeebook/12946.htm

46 

 

Aslaksen, S. (2007). Corruption and oil: Evidence from panel data [Working Paper]. http://www.sv.uio.no/econ/personer/vit/siljeasl/corruption.pdf

Aslund, A. (2014). Oligarchs, Corruption, and European Integration. Journal Of Democracy; J.Democr., 25(3), 64–73.

Åslund, A. (2017). The Three Regions of the Old Soviet Bloc. Journal of Democracy, 28(1), 89–101.

Aslund, Anders, & Jenish, N. (2006). The Eurasian growth paradox. Institute for International Economics Working Paper, 06–5. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=911661

Asomah, J. Y. (2019). What Are the Key Drivers of Persistent Ghanaian Political Corruption? Journal of Asian and African Studies, 54(5), 638–655. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619826339

Asomah, J. Y. (2020a). Can private media contribute to fighting political corruption in sub-Saharan Africa? Lessons from Ghana. Third World Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2020.1806707

Asomah, J. Y. (2020b). Democracy, the public sphere, and power elites: Examining the Ghanaian private media’s role in political corruption. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 37(3), 221–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2020.1774069

Asongu, S. (2014a). Fighting African corruption when existing corruption-control levels matter in a dynamic cultural setting. International Journal of Social Economics, 41(10), 906–922.

Asongu, S. (2014b). Globalization (fighting), corruption and development How are these phenomena linearly and nonlinearly related in wealth effects? Journal of Economic Studies, 41(3), 346–369. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-04-2012-0048

Asongu, S. A., & Nwachukwu, J. (2016). The Mobile Phone in the Diffusion of Knowledge for Institutional Quality in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 86, 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.05.012

Asongu, S., & Kodila-Tedika, O. (2016). Fighting African conflicts and crimes: Which governance tools matter? International Journal of Social Economics, 43(5), 466–485.

Asongu, S., & Nnanna, J. (2019). Foreign Aid, Instability, and Governance in Africa. Politics & Policy (Online), 47(4), 807–848. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12320

Asongu, S., & Nwachukwu, J. (2017). The Impact of Terrorism on Governance in African Countries. World Development, 99, 253.

47 

 

Asongu, S., & Odhiambo, N. M. (2020). Financial access, governance and insurance sector development in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Economic Studies (Bradford), ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 849–875. https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-01-2019-0025

Asongu, Simplice A. (2011). Law, democracy and the quality of government in Africa. African Governance and Development Institute WP/11/018. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2493175

Asongu, Simplice A. (2012a). Fighting corruption with cultural dynamics: When legal-origins, religious-influences and existing corruption-control levels matter (African Governance and Development Institute WP/12/015). http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2493248

Asongu, Simplice A. (2012b). Government Quality Determinants of Stock Market Performance in African Countries. Journal of African Business, 13(3), 183–199.

Asongu, Simplice A. (2012c). On the effect of foreign aid on corruption. Economics Bulletin, 32(3), 2174–2180.

Asongu, Simplice A. (2013a). Fighting corruption in Africa: Do existing corruption-control levels matter? International Journal of Development Issues, 12(1), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/14468951311322109

Asongu, Simplice A. (2013b). Fighting corruption when existing corruption-control levels count: What do wealth-effects tell us in Africa? Institutions and Economies, 5(3), 53–74.

Asongu, Simplice A. (2015). Institutional Benchmarking of Foreign Aid Effectiveness in Africa. International Journal of Social Economics, 42(6), 543–565.

Asongu, Simplice A., Efobi, U., & Tchamyou, V. S. (2018). Globalisation and governance in Africa: A critical contribution to the empirics. International Journal of Development Issues, 17(1), 2–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-04-2017-0038

Asongu, Simplice A., & Jellal, M. (2013). On the channels of foreign aid to corruption. Economics Bulletin, 33(3), 2191–2201.

Asongu, Simplice A., & Kodila-Tedika, O. (2013). Crime and conflicts in Africa: Consequences of corruption? European Economics Letters, 2(2), 50–55.

Asongu, Simplice A., & Nwachukwu, J. (2015). A Good Turn Deserves Another: Political Stability, Corruption and Corruption-Control (African Governance and Development Institute Working Paper 15/039). http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2662731

Asongu, Simplice A., & Nwachukwu, J. C. (2016a). Foreign aid and governance in Africa. International Review of Applied Economics, 30(1), 69–88.

48 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2015.1074164

Asongu, Simplice A., & Nwachukwu, J. C. (2016b). Law, Politics, and the Quality of Government in Africa. Politics & Policy, 44(5), 916–944. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12171

Aspinall, E., Hicken, A., Scambary, J., & Weiss, M. (2018). Timor-Leste Votes: Parties and Patronage. Journal of Democracy, 29(1), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0013

Aspinwall, M. (2016). Light of Day: Governance in the Age of Video Recordings. Journal of Management and Public Policy, 8(1), 27–39.

Asquer, R. (2012). Why do citizens of democracies tolerate corruption? Preliminary evidence from the World Value Survey [Working Paper]. http://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/9b21a4f0-85e6-4b39-be01-87d840830b97.pdf

Asquer, R. (2015). Media Coverage of Corruption and Renomination: Evidence from Italian Parliamentary Elections [Working Paper]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1722481701/

Asquer, R., Golden, M. A., & Hamel, B. T. (2020). Corruption, Party Leaders, and Candidate Selection: Evidence from Italy. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 45(2), 291–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12259

Assakaf, E. A., Samsudin, R. S., & Othman, Z. (2018). Public Sector Auditing and Corruption: A Literature Review. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 10(1), 226–241. https://doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v10i1.13029

Assane, D., & Grammy, A. (2003). Institutional framework and economic development: International evidence. Applied Economics, 35(17), 1811–1817. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684032000152862

Assegaf, A. (2018). Curbing Corruption Through Tertiary Education in Indonesia and Japan. Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion, 2(2), 254–273. https://doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v2i2.452

Assegaf, I. (2002). Legends of the fall: An institutional analysis of Indonesian law enforcement agencies combating corruption. In T. Lindsey & H. Dick (Eds.), Corrutpion in Asia: Rethinking the Governance Paradigm. Annandale, NSW, Federation Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P0sz_EvRLu8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA127&dq=%E2%80%9CLegends+of+the+Fall:+An+Institutional+Analysis+of+Indonesian+Law+Enforcement+Agencies+Combating+Corruption%E2%80%9D,+in+T.+Lindsey+%26+H.+Dick,+eds.+Corrutpion+in+Asia:+Rethinking+the+Governance+Paradigm&ots=nxJnNZ7tIV&sig=ElCrMyK3p7xZJBuBkBYFe-f5Er0

49 

 

Assiotis, A., & Sylwester, K. (2014). Do the Effects of Corruption upon Growth Differ Between Democracies and Autocracies? Review Of Development Economics, 18(3), 581–594. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12104

Assiotis, Andreas. (2012). Corruption and income. Economics Bulletin, 32(2), 1404–1412.

Asthana, A. N. (2008). Decentralisation and corruption: Evidence from drinking water sector. Public Administration and Development, 28(3), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.496

Asthana, A. N. (2012a). Decentralisation and Corruption Revisited: Evidence from a Natural Experiment. Public Administration and Development, 32(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.621

Asthana, A. N. (2012b). Human Rights and Corruption: Evidence From a Natural Experiment. Journal of Human Rights, 11(4), 526–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2012.730913

Ata, A. Y., & Arvas, M. A. (2011). Determinants of economic corruption: A cross-country data analysis. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(13), 161.

Atakan, M. G., Burnaz, S., & Topcu, Y. (2008). An Empirical Investigation of the Ethical Perceptions of Future Managers with a Special Emphasis on Gender – Turkish Case. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(3), 573–586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9577-z

Atan, R., Alam, M. M., & Said, J. (2017). Practices of corporate integrity and accountability of non-profit organizations in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Economics, 44(12), 2271–2286. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2016-0260

Atanasov, P. D. (2011). Bribery as negotiation: A decision making perspective. IACM 24TH Annual Conference Paper. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1872132

Ateljevic, J., & Budak, J. (2010). Corruption and public procurement: Example from Croatia. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 12(4), 375–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2010.531202

Atems, B., & Mullen, J. K. (2016). Outward FDI from the USA and host country financial transparency. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 25(8), 1122–1143. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2016.1191526

Aterido, R., Hallward-Driemeier, M., & Pagés, C. (2011). Big Constraints to Small Firms’ Growth? Business Environment and Employment Growth across Firms. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 59(3), 609–647. https://doi.org/10.1086/658349

Aterido, R., Hallward-Driemeier, M., & Pagés-Serra, C. (2007). Investment Climate and Employment Growth: The Impact of Access to Finance, Corruption and Regulations

50 

 

Across Firms. Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department. https://ideas.repec.org/p/idb/wpaper/4559.html

Athanas, W. C. (2010). When doing business internationally becomes a crime: Assisting clients in understanding and complying with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The Alabama Lawyer, 71(5), 382.

Athanasouli, D., & Goujard, A. (2015). Corruption and management practices: Firm level evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.03.002

Athanasouli, D., Goujard, A., & Sklias, P. (2012). Corruption and firm performance: Evidence from Greek firms. International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research, 5(2), 43–67.

Atkinson, M. M. (2011). Discrepancies in Perceptions of Corruption, or Why Is Canada So Corrupt? Political Science Quarterly, 126(3), 445–464. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2011.tb00708.x

Atkinson, M. M., & Seiferling, M. (2006). Corruption on Two Levels: National Comparisons Using Hierarchical Models. Canadian Political Science Association Conference. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.529.5831&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Attila, G. (2011). Corruption and quality of public institutions: Evidence from Generalized Method of Moment [Working Paper]. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00556802/

Attila, J. (2008a). Corruption, taxation and economic growth: Theory and evidence [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2260995

Attila, J. (2008b). How do African populations perceive corruption: Microeconomic evidence from Afrobarometer data in twelve countries. Available at SSRN 1260828. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1260828

Attila, J. (2008c). Is corruption contagious? An econometric analysis (NUPI Working Paper 742). http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1275804

Attila, J. (2009). Individual attitudes toward anti-corruption policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Microeconometric evidence. Economics Bulletin, 29(3), 1927–1933.

Attila, J. (2013). Globalization and corruption: New evidence. Oil, Gas & Energy Quarterly, 61(3), 541–562.

Atuobi, S. M. (2007). Corruption and state instability in West Africa: An examination of policy options. KAIPTC Occasional Paper, 21.

51 

 

Au, T. H. (2019). Combatting Military Corruption in China. Southern Illinois University Law Journal, 43(2), 332.

Au, U. (2014). Toward a reconceived legislative intent behind the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: The public-safety rationale for prohibiting bribery abroad. Brooklyn Law Review, 79(2), 925–952.

Audi, M., & Ali, A. (2019). Exploring the Linkage between Corruption and Economic Development in The Case of Selected Developing and Developed Nations. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 9(4), 37–49.

Audretsch, D. (2019). Institutions and Entrepreneurship Quality. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(1), 51–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258718780431

Auriol, E., Straub, S., & Flochel, T. (2016). Public Procurement and Rent-Seeking: The Case of Paraguay. World Development; World Dev., 77(Journal Article), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.09.001

Auriol, Emmanuelle. (2006). Corruption in procurement and public purchase. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 24(5), 867–885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2005.11.001

Auriol, Emmanuelle, & Blanc, A. (2009). Capture and corruption in public utilities: The cases of water and electricity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.07.005

Auriol, Emmanuelle, & Lassebie, J. (2004). Capture for the Rich, Extortion for the Poor. mimeo Toulouse. http://www.deskafrica.net/public/CEIS/file/seminari/2013/Auriol.pdf

Auriol, Emmanuelle, & Søreide, T. (2017). An economic analysis of debarment. International Review of Law & Economics, 50, 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2017.04.004

Auriol, Emmanuelle, & Straub, S. (2011). Privatization of rent-generating industries and corruption. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (Vol. 2, pp. 207–230). https://books-google-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QbZEbihNOfUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA207&dq=Auriol,+Emmanuelle+%26+Stephane+Straub.+2011.+%E2%80%9CPrivatization+of+Rent-Generating+Industries+and+Corruption%E2%80%9D,+in+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption,+Vol.+II.+(Edward+Elgar+Publishing),+pp.+207-230.&ots=dGHqBLkH20&sig=Hk6yWVILUO8B5Rpi4yoMCR-PLdE

Ausland, A., & Tolmos, A. (2005). Focus on corruption: How to secure the aims of decentralization in Peru by improving good governance at the regional level. mimeo, Kennedy School, Harvard University.

52 

 

Autio, E., & Fu, K. (2015). Economic and political institutions and entry into formal and informal entrepreneurship. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(1), 67–94.

Avelino, G., Biderman, C., & Lopes, M. F. M. (n.d.). Measuring Corruption: What Have We Learned? [Working Paper]. Retrieved July 20, 2016, from http://www.plataformademocratica.org/Publicacoes/19646.pdf

Avenburg, A. (2019). Public Costs versus Private Gain: Assessing the Effect of Different Types of Information about Corruption Incidents on Electoral Accountability. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 11(1), 71–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X19840457

Avery, M. (2008). Whose rights? Why states should set the parameters for federal honest services mail and wire fraud prosecutions. Boston College Law Review, 49(5), 1431–1458.

Avkiran, N. K., Kanol, D. K., & Oliver, B. (2016). Knowledge of campaign finance regulation reduces perceptions of corruption. Accounting & Finance, 56(4), 961–984. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12121

Avnimelech, G., Zelekha, Y., & Sarabi, E. (2011). The effect of corruption on entrepreneurship [Working Paper]. http://druid8.sit.aau.dk/druid/acc_papers/1944qlhkqrqpnsq5gmkf4yvuy4m2.pdf

Avsar, V., Habiyaremye, A., & Unal, U. (2016). Does Corruption Increase Antidumping Investigations? International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(2). http://search.proquest.com/openview/9f8178bf540a2166e4464c329e4e6c06/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=816338

Avtonomov, V. (2006). Balancing State, Market and Social Justice: Russian Experiences and Lessons to Learn. Journal of Business Ethics, 66(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9048-y

Awan, R., Akhtar, T., Rahim, S., Sher, F., & Cheema, A. (2018). Governance, Corruption and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis of Selected Saarc Countries. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 56(1), 1–20.

Awasthi, R., & Bayraktar, N. (2015). Can Tax Simplification Help Lower Tax Corruption? Eurasian Economic Review, 5(2), 297–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40822-015-0014-9

Awojobi, O. N. (n.d.). Corruption and Underdevelopment in Africa: A Discourse Approach. International Journal of Economics, Commerce & Management, 11(10). Retrieved September 23, 2016, from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.681.6411&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Awojobi, O. N. (2014). Political Corruption and Underdevelopment in Nigerian Fourth Republic.

53 

 

International Journal of Innovation & Scientific Research, 11(1), 151–157.

Awopeju, A., Olowu, S., & Jegede, I. (2018). Significance of funding the Nigerian anti-corruption agencies: Lessons from Singapore and Hong Kong. Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v6i1.233

Awortwi, N., & Nuvunga, A. (2019). Sound of One Hand Clapping: Information Disclosure for Social and Political Action for Accountability in Extractive Governance in Mozambique (IDS Working Paper 523). Institute of Development Studies. https://www.ids.ac.uk/publications/sound-of-one-hand-clapping-information-disclosure-for-social-and-political-action-for-accountability-in-extractive-governance-in-mozambique/

Ayaydın, H., & Hayaloğlu, P. (2014). The Effect of Corruption on Firm Growth: Evidence from Firms in Turkey. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 4(5), 607–624.

Ayodeji, D., & Idowu, G. (2015). Assessing the Strategies of the Defunct Kenya’s Anti-Corruption Commission (KACC): Lessons for the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2638761

Ayres, I. (1997). The twin fares of judicial corruption: Extortion and bribery. Denver University Law Review, 74(4), 1231–1253.

Ayres, M., Clark, J., Gourley, A., & Wrage, A. (2009). Anti-Corruption. The International Lawyer, 43(2), 771–793.

Ayyagari, M., Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Maksimovic, V. (2014). Bribe Payments and Innovation in Developing Countries: Are Innovating Firms Disproportionately Affected? Journal Of Financial And Quantitative Analysis, 49(1), 51–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002210901400026X

Ayyagari, Meghana, Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Maksimovic, V. (2010). Are innovating firms victims or perpetrators ? Tax evasion, bribe payments, and the role of external finance in developing countries (No. WPS5389; pp. 1–57). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/299891468331798087/Are-innovating-firms-victims-or-perpetrators-tax-evasion-bribe-payments-and-the-role-of-external-finance-in-developing-countries

Azam, M., & Emirullah, C. (2014). The role of governance in economic development: Evidence from some selected countries in Asia and the Pacific. International Journal of Social Economics, 41(12), 1265.

Azam, M., Hassan, S., & others. (2013). Corruption, workers remittances, FDI and economic growth in five South and South East Asian countries: A panel data approach. Middle-East

54 

 

Journal of Scientific Research. http://www.lib.uum.edu.my:8080/handle/123456789/1510

Azfar, O. (2005). Corruption and the Delivery of Health and Education Services. In B. Spector (Ed.), Fighting Corruption in Developing Countries: Strategies and Analysis (pp. 181–212). Kumarian Press.

Azfar, O., & Gurgur, T. (2008). Does corruption affect health outcomes in the Philippines? Economics of Governance, 9(3), 197–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0031-y

Azfar, O., Lee, Y., & Swamy, A. (2001). The Causes and Consequences of Corruption. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 573, 42–56.

Azfar, O., Livingston, J. A., & Meagher, P. (2007). Decentralization in Uganda. In P. Bardhan & D. Mukherjee (Eds.), Decentralisation and Local Governance in Developing Countries: A Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press.

Azfar, O., & Murrell, P. (2009). Identifying Reticent Respondents: Assessing the Quality of Survey Data on Corruption and Values. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 57(2), 387–411. https://doi.org/10.1086/592840

Azfar, O., & Nelson, W. (2007). Transparency, wages, and the separation of powers: An experimental analysis of corruption. Public Choice, 130(3), 471–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9101-5

Azim, M. I., Sheng, K., & Barut, M. (2017). Combating corruption in a microfinance institution. Managerial Auditing Journal, 32(4/5), 445–462.

Azimi, M. N., & Shafiq, M. M. (2020). Hypothesizing directional causality between the governance indicators and economic growth: The case of Afghanistan. Future Business Journal, 6(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00039-4

Aziz, A., & Sharif, S. (2020). Linkages of Corruption with Income, Inflation and Income Inequality in Pakistan. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 57(1), 347.

Aziz, M. N., & Sundarasen, S. D. D. (2015). The Impact of Political Regime and Governance on ASEAN Economic Growth. Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 32(3), 375–389. https://doi.org/10.1355/ae32-3e

Azmi, K. S. A., & Rahman, A. A. L. A. (2015). E-Procurement: A Tool to Mitigate Public Procurement Fraud in Malaysia? Electronic Journal of E-Government, 13(2), 150–160.

Azpitarte, F. (2011). Can corruption constrain the size of governments? European Journal of Law and Economics, 32(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-010-9205-8

Babajide, A., Amodu, L., & Olokoyo, F. (2020). Challenges of accountability in Nigeria: The role of deposit money bank. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(2), 477–492.

55 

 

https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-10-2019-0082

Babajide, A., Osabohien, R., Adeniji, A., Adu, O., Adegboye, F., Olokoyo, F., Adediran, O., Urhie, E., & Edafe, O. (2020). Challenges of accountability and development in Nigeria. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(2), 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-10-2019-0086

Babatunde, J. O. (2014). Corruption and public exclusion: A serious challenge to effective public policy on health. Int.J.of Behavioural and Healthcare Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBHR.2013.057364

Babeiya, E. (2011). Electoral corruption and the politics of elections financing in Tanzania. Journal of Politics and Law, 4(2), 91.

Babos, P. (2015). Corruption experience, perception and anti-corruption trust: Different effects in various post-Communist states. Romanian Journal of Political Science, 15(1), 107.

Bac, M. (1996a). Corruption and Supervision Costs in Hierarchies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 22(2), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1996.0013

Bac, M. (1996b). Corruption, Supervision, and the Structure of Hierarchies. 12(2), 277–298.

Bac, M. (1998). The Scope, Timing, and Type of Corruption. International Review of Law & Economics, 18(1), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8188(97)00060-4

Bac, M. (2001). Corruption, Connections and Transparency: Does a Better Screen Imply a Better Scene? Public Choice, 107(1–2), 87–96.

Bac, M. (2019). Gift policy, bribes and corruption. European Journal of Law and Economics, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-019-09611-y

Bac, M., & Bag, P. K. (2006). Beneficial collusion in corruption control: The case of nonmonetary penalties. Journal of Development Economics, 81(2), 478–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.06.007

Bachman, D. (2017). China Is Corrupt, but There Is More to the Story. Asia Policy, 23, 158–162.

Bacio-Terracino, J. (2008). Corruption as a violation of human rights. International Council on Human Rights Policy, Forthcoming. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1107918

Bacio-Terracino, J. (2010). Linking Corruption and Human Rights. American Society of International Law Proceedings, 104, 243–246. https://doi.org/10.5305/procannmeetasil.104.0243

Bäck, H., & Hadenius, A. (2008). Democracy and State Capacity: Exploring a J‐Shaped Relationship. Governance, 21(1), 1–24.

56 

 

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00383.x

Bäck, H., Teorell, J., & Lindberg, S. I. (2019). Cabinets, Prime Ministers and Corruption. A Comparative Analysis of Parliamentary Governments in Post-war Europe. Political Studies, 67(1), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321718760806

Badarneh, M. A. (2020). Discourses of defense: Self and other positioning in public responses to accusations of corruption in Jordan. Discourse Studies, 22(4), 399–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445620914670

Badejo, B., Agunyai, S., & Buraimo, S. (2015). The Pursuit of Primordial Interest as an Explanatory Factor for the Prevalence of Governance Crisis in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Journal of Politics and Law, 8(3), 1–13.

Bader, F., von Maravić, P., Peters, B. G., & Tauch, M. (2013). Corruption, method choice, and constraints—Exploring methodological pluralism in corruption research. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 13–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0154-9

Badescu, G., Sum, P., & Uslaner, E. (2004). Civil Society Development and Democratic Values in Romania and Moldova. East European Politics and Societies, 18(2), 316–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325403259915

Badinger, H., & Nindl, E. (2014). Globalisation and Corruption, Revisited. The World Economy, 37(10), 1424.

Badun, M., Pribicevic, V., & Deskar-Skrbic, M. (2014). Government size and efficiency as constraints to economic growth: Comparing Croatia with other European countries. Post - Communist Economies, 26(3), 297.

Bae, J. H., Li, D. D., & Rishi, M. (2016). Determinants of CO 2 emission for post-Soviet Union independent countries. Climate Policy, Journal Article, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1124751

Baer, M. H. (2009). Governing corporate compliance. Boston College Law Review, 50(4), 949–1019.

Baez-Camargo, C., Bukuluki, P., Sambaiga, R., Gatwa, T., Kassa, S., & Stahl, C. (2020). Petty corruption in the public sector: A comparative study of three East African countries through a behavioural lens. African Studies (Johannesburg), 79(2), 232–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2020.1803729

Baez-Camargo, C., & Ledeneva, A. (2017). Where Does Informality Stop and Corruption Begin? Informal Governance and the Public/Private Crossover in Mexico, Russia and Tanzania. The Slavonic and East European Review, 95(1), 49–75.

57 

 

https://doi.org/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.95.1.0049

Bag, P. K. (1997). Controlling Corruption in Hierarchies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 25(3), 322–344. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1997.1475

Bagashka, T. (2014). Unpacking corruption: The effect of veto players on state capture and bureaucratic corruption. Political Research Quarterly, 67(1), 165–180.

Bågenholm, A. (2009). Politicizing corruption. The electoral impact of anti-corruption discourse in Europe 1983-2007 (QoG Working Paper Series 2009: 10). http://swepub.kb.se/bib/swepub:oai:services.scigloo.org:110196

Bågenholm, A. (2013a). The electoral fate and policy impact of “anti-corruption parties” in Central and Eastern Europe. Human Affairs, 23(2), 174–195.

Bågenholm, A. (2013b). Throwing the rascals out? The electoral effects of corruption allegations and corruption scandals in Europe 1981-2011. Crime Law And Social Change, 60(5), 595–609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9482-6

Bågenholm, A. (2014). Standing By Your (Wo) Man? How Voter Ideology Impacts Party Loyalty in the Face of Corruption Scandals [Working Paper]. 21st International Conference of Europeanists. https://ces.confex.com/ces/2014/webprogram/Paper6289.html

Bågenholm, A. (2018). Corruption and Anticorruption in Early-Nineteenth-Century Sweden: A Snapshot of the State of the Swedish Bureaucracy. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-17

Bågenholm, A., & Charron, N. (2014). Do Politics in Europe Benefit from Politicising Corruption? West European Politics, 37(5), 903–931. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2014.909164

Bågenholm, A., & Charron, N. (2016). Ideology, party systems and corruption voting in European democracies. Electoral Studies, 41(Journal Article), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.11.022

Bågenholm, A., Dahlberg, S., & Solevid, M. (2014). Does Politicization of Corruption Affect Voter Turnout? (APSA 2014 Annual Meeting Paper) [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2453969

Báger, G. (2011). Corruption risks in public administration. Public Finance Quarterly, 56(1), 44–57.

Báger, G., & Kovács, Á. (2005). Corruption and the options of the activities of the state audit office. Development and Finance, 3, 40–48.

58 

 

Bagues, M., & Esteve-Volart, B. (2009). Top Civil Service: Meritocracy or Nepotism [Working Paper]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.187.3649&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Bah, E., & Fang, L. (2015). Impact of the Business Environment on Output and Productivity in Africa. Journal of Development Economics, 114(Journal Article), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.01.001

Bah, M., Charlier, L., Davila, C., Descousse, S., Frimon-Richard, B., Hashem, S., Leroy, C., Minault, M., Mouro, V., Nillameyom, R., Schlüter, L., & Wailly, M. (2020). Tackling corruption in global health. The Lancet (British Edition), 396(10245), 161–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30310-X

Bahmani-Oskooee, M., & Goswami, G. G. (2005). The impact of corruption on the black market premium. Southern Economic Journal, 483–493.

Bahmani-Oskooee, M., & Nasir, A. B. M. (2002). Corruption, law and order, bureaucracy, and real exchange rate. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 50(4), 1021–1028.

Bahn, C. (1975). The Psychology of Police Corruption: Socialization of the Corrupt. Police J., 48, 30.

Bahoo, S. (2020). Corruption in banks: A bibliometric review and agenda. Finance Research Letters, 35, 101499-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101499

Bahoo, S., Alon, I., & Floreani, J. (n.d.). Corruption in economics: A bibliometric analysis and research agenda. Applied Economics Letters, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1764476

Bahre, E. (2005). How to ignore corruption: Reporting the shortcomings of development in South Africa. Current Anthropology, 46(1), 117–121.

Bai, Bao-yu, Liu, X., & Kou, Y. (2014). Belief in a Just World Lowers Perceived Intention of Corruption: The Mediating Role of Perceived Punishment. PLoS ONE, 9(5), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097075

Bai, Bao‐Yu, Liu, X., & Kou, Y. (2016). Belief in a just world lowers bribery intention. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 19(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12108

Bai, C.-E., & Wei, S.-J. (2001). The quality of bureaucracy and capital account policies (World Bank Working Paper 2575). World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=_-1EWHfgrbwC&oi=fnd&dq=Bai,+C.-E.+%26+S.-J.+Wei.+2001.+The+Quality+of+Bureaucracy+and+Capital+Account+Policies.+World+Bank+Working+Paper+2575.&ots=mYGCkoUIrB&sig=lc3UQP0c_jv3uk41DTvBzXAwtrs

59 

 

Bai, J., Jayachandran, S., Malesky, E. J., & Olken, B. A. (2013). Does economic growth reduce corruption? Theory and evidence from Vietnam [Working Paper]. National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w19483

Bailes, R. (2006). Facilitation payments: Culturally acceptable or unacceptably corrupt? Business Ethics: A European Review, 15(3), 293–298.

Bailey, J. (2009). Corruption and Democratic Governability. In C. H. Blake & S. D. Morris (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (pp. 60–76). Pittsburgh University Press.

Bailey, J., & Paras, P. (2006). Perceptions and attitudes about corruption and democracy in Mexico. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, 22(1), 57–82.

Baird, J.-A., & Elliott, V. (2018). Metrics in education-control and corruption. Oxford Review of Education, 44(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2018.1504858

Bajada, C., & Shashnov, M. (2019). The effects of economic development and the evolution of social institutions on the level of corruption: Comparing the Asia-Pacific with other regional blocs. Asia Pacific Business Review, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2019.1589768

Bajolle, J. (2006). The origins and motivations of the current emphasis on corruption: The case of Transparency International. Workshop: The International Anti-Corruption Movement, Eur. Consort. Polit. Res. Jt. Sess. Workshops, Apr, 25–30. http://hussonet.free.fr/bajolle.pdf

Bąk, P. (2020). Economic analysis of corruption at the company level. Central European Economic Journal., 7(54), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2020-0015

Bakare, A. S. (2011). The crowding-out effects of corruption in Nigeria: An empirical study. E3 Journal of Business Management and Economics., 2(2), 59–68.

Baker, J. (2015). The Rhizome State: Democratizing Indonesia’s Off-Budget Economy. Critical Asian Studies, 47(2), 309–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2015.1041282

Baker, J., & Milne, S. (2015). Dirty Money States: Illicit Economies and the State in Southeast Asia. Critical Asian Studies, 47(2), 151–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2015.1041273

Baker, M. B. (1993). Private Codes of Corporate Conduct: Should the Fox Guard the Henhouse? The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 399–433.

Baklouti, N., & Boujelbene, Y. (2015). Exploring the relationship between democracy, corruption and economic growth in MENA countries. Acta Universitatis Danubius.OEconomica, 11(3), 43–58.

60 

 

Baklouti, N., & Boujelbene, Y. (2020). Shadow Economy, Corruption, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis. The Review of Black Political Economy, 47(3), 276–294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644619885349

Baksi, S., Bose, P., & Pandey, M. (2009). The impact of liberalization on bureaucratic corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 72(1), 214–224.

Balabanova, D. (2020). Toward a new framing of corruption in health systems in LMICs: What questions should we be asking? European Journal of Public Health, 30(Supplement_5). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.936

Balabanova, Dina, & McKee, M. (2002). Understanding informal payments for health care: The example of Bulgaria. Health Policy, 62(3), 243–273.

Balabanova, Dina, McKee, M., Pomerleau, J., Rose, R., & Haerpfer, C. (2004). Health Service Utilization in the Former Soviet Union: Evidence from Eight Countries. Health Services Research, 39(6p2), 1927–1950. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00326.x

Balafoutas, L. (2011). Public beliefs and corruption in a repeated psychological game. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 78(1), 51–59.

Balán, M. (2011). Competition by denunciation: The political dynamics of corruption scandals in Argentina and Chile. Comparative Politics, 43(4), 459–478.

Baland, J.-M., & Francois, P. (2000). Rent-seeking and resource booms. Journal of Development Economics, 61(2), 527–542.

Balaniuk, R., Bessière, P., Mazer, E., & Cobbe, P. R. (2013). Corruption risk analysis using semi–supervised naïve Bayes classifiers. International Journal of Reasoning-Based Intelligent Systems, 5(4), 237–245.

Baldi, S., Bottasso, A., Conti, M., & Piccardo, C. (2016). To bid or not to bid: That is the question: Public procurement, project complexity and corruption. European Journal Of Political Economy, 43, 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.04.002

Baldi, Simona, & Vannoni, D. (2017). The impact of centralization on pharmaceutical procurement prices: The role of institutional quality and corruption. Regional Studies, 51(3), 426–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1101517

Baldock, G. (2016). The perception of corruption across Europe, Middle East and Africa. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(1), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2015-0004

Baldock, M. (2019). Changing Obligations for Corporations under Investigation by the Serious Fraud Office.(United Kingdom). Journal of Criminal Law, 83(1), 24–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022018319831090

61 

 

Baldwin, F. N., & Gadboys, J. A. (2016). The Duty of Financial Institutions to Investigate and Report Suspicions of Fraud, Financial Crime, and Corruption. In M. Dion, D. Weisstub, & J.-L. Richet (Eds.), Financial Crimes: Psychological, Technological, and Ethical Issues (pp. 83–104). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32419-7_4

Baldwin, K., & Huber, J. D. (2010). Economic versus cultural differences: Forms of ethnic diversity and public goods provision. American Political Science Review, 104(04), 644–662.

Baliamoune-Lutz, M., Ndikumana, L., & UNECA, A. A. (2008). Corruption and growth in African countries: Exploring the investment channel. University of Massachusetts Amherst Working Paper, 8. http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Knowledge/Conference_2007_anglais_16-part-III-4.pdf

Balkaran, L. (2020). Benford’s Law in a Big Data World: Applying the Mathematical Digital Analysis Tool to Large Data Sets Can Help Auditors Detect Fraud and Other Problems. Internal Auditor, 77(2), 17.

Bame-Aldred, C., Sweeney, J. T., & Seifert, D. (2007). An examination of the effectiveness of Sarbanes-Oxley whistle-blower protection. Journal of Forensic Accounting, 8(1–2), 105–118.

Bamidele, O., Olaniyan, A. O., & Ayodele, B. (2016a). In the Cesspool of Corruption: The Challenges of National Development and the Dilemma of Anti-Graft Agencies in Nigeria. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(3), 322–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X16653526

Bamidele, O., Olaniyan, A. O., & Ayodele, B. (2016b). Culture, Corruption, and Anticorruption Struggles in Nigeria. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(2), 103–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15610015

Bandaranayake, B. (2014). Fraud and Corruption Control at Education System Level: A Case Study of the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development in Australia. Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 17(4), 34–53.

Bandiera, O., Prat, A., & Valletti, T. (2009). Active and passive waste in government spending: Evidence from a policy experiment. The American Economic Review, 99(4), 1278–1308.

Banducci, S. A., & Karp, J. A. (1994). Electoral consequences of scandal and reapportionment in the 1992 house elections. American Politics Quarterly, 22(1), 3.

Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review : An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social

62 

 

Psychology, Inc, 3(3), 193–209.

Bandura, Albert. (2004). Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101–119.

Bandyopadhyay, B. (2018). Indian Perspective of Anti-Corruption Institutions for Combating Corruption in Sustainable Development: A Scorecard. Delhi Business Review, 19(1), 85.

Bandyopadhyay, S., & Takashima, R. (2007). Corruption and trade protection evidence from panel data (Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Research Division 2007-022A). http://research.stlouisfed.org/wp/2007/2007-022.pdf

Banerjee, A., Chattopadhyay, R., Duflo, E., Keniston, D., & Singh, N. (2012a). Can Institutions be Reformed from Within? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment with the Rajasthan Police [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc].

Banerjee, A., Chattopadhyay, R., Duflo, E., Keniston, D., & Singh, N. (2012b). Improving Police Performance in Rajasthan, India: Experimental Evidence on Incentives, Managerial Autonomy and Training (p. n/a) [NBER Working Paper Series].

Banerjee, A., & Duflo, E. (2006). Addressing Absence. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533006776526139

Banerjee, A., Duflo, E., Imbert, C., Mathew, S., & Pande, R. (2016). E-governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India (Working Paper No. 22803). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w22803

Banerjee, A., Green, D., Green, J., & Pande, R. (2009). Can voters be primed to choose better legislators? Evidence from two field experiments in rural India [Working Paper].

Banerjee, A., Green, D. P., Mcmanus, J., & Pande, R. (2014). Are Poor Voters Indifferent to Whether Elected Leaders Are Criminal or Corrupt? A Vignette Experiment in Rural India. Political Communication, 31(3), 391–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2014.914615

Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., Kyle, J., Olken, B. A., & Sumarto, S. (2018). Tangible Information and Citizen Empowerment: Identification Cards and Food Subsidy Programs in Indonesia. Journal of Political Economy, 126(2), 451–491.

Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., Kyle, J., Olken, B., Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., Kyle, J., & Olken, B. (2015). The Power of Transparency: Information, Identification Cards and Food Subsidy Programs in Indonesia (NBER Working Paper Series Working Paper No. 20923; p. n/a).

Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., & Mullainathan, S. (2013). Corruption. In R. Gibbons & J. Roberts (Eds.), The Handbook of Organizational Economics.

63 

 

https://ideas.repec.org/h/pup/chapts/9889-27.html

Banerjee, A., Kumar, S., Pande, R., & Su, F. (2011). Do informed voters make better choices? Experimental evidence from urban India [Working Paper]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.221.1405&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Banerjee, A., & Pande, R. (2007). Parochial Politics: Ethnic Preferences and Politician Corruption [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc].

Banerjee, A. V. (1997). A Theory of Misgovernance. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(4), 1289–1332.

Banerjee, A. V., Banerji, R., Duflo, E., Glennerster, R., & Khemani, S. (2010). Pitfalls of Participatory Programs: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Education in India. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.2.1.1

Banerjee, A. V., Duflo, E., & Glennerster, R. (2008). Putting a band-aid on a corpse: Incentives for nurses in the Indian public health care system. Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(2), 487–500.

Banerjee, D., & Vaidya, S. (2019). Anticorruption reforms, tax evasion, and the role of harassment. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 21(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12304

Banerjee, R. (2016a). Corruption, Norm Violation and Decay in Social Capital. Journal of Public Economics, 137, 14–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.03.007

Banerjee, R. (2016b). On the interpretation of bribery in a laboratory corruption game: Moral frames and social norms. Experimental Economics, 19(1), 240–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-015-9436-1

Banerjee, R., Baul, T., & Rosenblat, T. (2015). On self selection of the corrupt into the public sector. Economics Letters, 127(C), 43–46.

Banerjee, R., & Mitra, A. (2018). On monetary and non-monetary interventions to combat corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.01.004

Banfield, E. C. (1975). Corruption as a Feature of Governmental Organization. The Journal of Law and Economics, 18(3), 587–605. https://doi.org/10.1086/466826

Baniamin, H., & Jamil, I. (2018). Dynamics of Corruption and Citizens’ Trust in Anti-Corruption Agencies in Three South Asian Countries. Public Organization Review, 18(3), 381–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-017-0384-4

64 

 

Banini, D. K. (2020). Security sector corruption and military effectiveness: The influence of corruption on countermeasures against Boko Haram in Nigeria. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 31(1), 131–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2020.1672968

Bantekas, I. (2006). Corruption as an International Crime and Crime against Humanity. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 4(3), 466–484. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mql025

Banuri, S., Croson, R. T., Kline, R., & Eckel, C. C. (2008). Towards an improved methodology in analyzing corruption: Insights from citizen responses to corrupt practices across countries [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1883754

Banuri, S., & Eckel, C. (2015). Cracking down on bribery. Social Choice and Welfare, 45(3), 579–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-015-0883-6

Banuri, S., & Eckel, C. C. (2012a). Experiments in culture and corruption: A review (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6064). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2055105

Banuri, S., & Eckel, C. C. (2012b). On the Effects of Culture on Punishment of Bribery: US v. Pakistsan [Working Paper].

Banuri, S., Eckel, C. C., & Wilson, R. K. (2012). Deconstructing nepotism [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2248187

Banuri, S., & Keefer, P. (2016). Pro-social motivation, effort and the call to public service. European Economic Review, 83(C), 139–164.

Bao, E., & Hall, K. (2018). Peer Review and the Global Anti-Corruption Conventions: Context, Theory and Practice. Australian Yearbook of International Law, 35, 67–90.

Bao, R., & Lewellyn, K. (2017). Corruption in China—A Review. Modern China Studies, 24(2), 158–183.

Baraldi, A. L. (2008). Effects of Electoral Rules, Political Competition and Corruption on the Size and Composition of Government Consumption Spending: An Italian Regional Analysis. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.1825

Baranek, D., Sanchez, M. H., & O’Reilly - Allen, M. (2019). SBM: Lessons Learned From FCPA Violations.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977). Oil, Gas & Energy Quarterly, 67(3), 479.

Barassi, M. R., & Zhou, Y. (2012). The effect of corruption on FDI: A parametric and non-parametric analysis. European Journal of Political Economy, 28(3), 302–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2012.01.001

65 

 

Barber, S., Bonnet, F., & Bekedam, H. (2004). Formalizing under-the-table payments to control out-of-pocket hospital expenditures in Cambodia. Health Policy and Planning, 19(4), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czh025

Barbier, E. (2010). Corruption and the Political Economy of Resource-Based Development: A Comparison of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental and Resource Economics, 46(4), 511–537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-010-9352-y

Barbier, E. B. (2012). Corruption, Poverty and Tropical Land Use. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 31(4–5), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2011.588455

Barbier, E. B., Damania, R., & Léonard, D. (2005). Corruption, trade and resource conversion. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 50(2), 276–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2004.12.004

Barbopoulos, L., Marshall, A., MacInnes, C., & McColgan, P. (2014). Foreign direct investment in emerging markets and acquirers’ value gains. International Business Review, 23(3), 604–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.10.003

Bardhan, Pranab. (2002). Decentralization of governance and development. The Journal of Economic Perspectives : EP ; a Journal of the American Economic Association, 16(4), 185–205.

Bardhan, Pranab. (2006). The economist’s approach to the problem of corruption. World Development, 34(2), 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.011

Bardhan, Pranab. (2015). Corruption and Development Policy (Drawing Upon the Recent Indian Debate). Journal of Public Economic Theory, 17(4), 472–479. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12126

Bardhan, Pranab. (2018). Reflections on Corruption in the Context of Political and Economic Liberalization. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 113–131). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_5

Bardhan, P. K. (1997). Corruption and development: A review of issues. Journal of Economic Literature, 35(3), 1320–1346.

Bardhan, Pranab, & Mookherjee, D. (2000). Capture and Governance at Local and National Levels. American Economic Review, 90(2), 135–139. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.2.135

Bardhan, Pranab, & Mookherjee, D. (2005). Decentralizing antipoverty program delivery in developing countries. The Journal of Public Economics, 89(4), 675.

Bardhan, Pranab, & Mookherjee, D. (2006a). Decentralisation and Accountability in Infrastructure Delivery in Developing Countries*. Economic Journal, 116(508),

66 

 

101–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01049.x

Bardhan, Pranab, & Mookherjee, D. (2006b). Decentralization, corruption, and government accountability. In S. Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (Vol. 6, pp. 161–188). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJWEoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA161&dq=bardhan+decentralization+corruption+in+Rose-Ackerman&ots=j9b9AKV3Cg&sig=E8aVtWTTt6yjFJFhiV9-KrnnT6E

Barfort, S., Harmon, N. A., Hjorth, F., & Olsen, A. L. (2019). Sustaining Honesty in Public Service: The Role of Selection. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 11(4), 96–123. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170688

Barkemeyer, R., Preuss, L., & Lee, L. (2015). Corporate reporting on corruption: An international comparison. Accounting Forum, 39(4), 349–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2015.10.001

Barkemeyer, R., Preuss, L., & Ohana, M. (2018). Developing country firms and the challenge of corruption: Do company commitments mirror the quality of national-level institutions? Journal of Business Research, 90, 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.025

Barnes, T. D., & Beaulieu, E. (2019). Women Politicians, Institutions, and Perceptions of Corruption. Comparative Political Studies, 52(1), 134–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414018774355

Barnes, T. D., Beaulieu, E., & Saxton, G. W. (2018). Restoring trust in the police: Why female officers reduce suspicions of corruption. Governance, 31(1), 143–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12281

Barnett, K. (2015). Distributive justice and proprietary remedies over bribes. Legal Studies, 35(2), 302–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/lest.12062

Barnwal, P. (2014). Curbing Leakage in Public Programs with Biometric Identification Systems: Evidence from India’s Fuel Subsidies [Working Paper]. http://www.med.uio.no/helsam/english/research/news-and-events/events/conferences/2015/vedlegg-warsaw/subsidy-leakage-uid.pdf

Baron, E. (2019). When state corruption becomes a ‘Sunday school picnic’: A response to media reports on corruption. Missionalia: Southern African Journal of Missiology, 47(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.7832/47-1-332

Barone, G., & Mocetti, S. (2014). Natural Disasters, Growth and Institutions: A Tale of Two Earthquakes. Journal of Urban Economics, 84, 52.

Barone, G., & Narciso, G. (2015). Organized crime and business subsidies: Where does the

67 

 

money go? Journal of Urban Economics, 86(Journal Article), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2015.01.002

Barr, A., Lindelow, M., & Serneels, P. (2009). Corruption in public service delivery: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 72(1), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.07.006

Barr, A., Mugisha, F., Serneels, P., & Zeitlin, A. (2012). Information and collective action in community-based monitoring of schools: Field and lab experimental evidence from Uganda [Working Paper]. http://cega.berkeley.edu/assets/cega_events/3/doc7Zeitlin-et-al_Information-and-Collective-Action-in-Community-based-mMonitoring-of-Schools.pdf

Barr, A., & Serra, D. (2009). The effects of externalities and framing on bribery in a petty corruption experiment. Experimental Economics, 12(4), 488–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-009-9225-9

Barr, A., & Serra, D. (2010). Corruption and culture: An experimental analysis. Journal of Public Economics, 94(11), 862–869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.07.006

Barreto, R. A. (2000). Endogenous corruption in a neoclassical growth model. European Economic Review, 44(1), 35–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(98)00052-X

Barreto, R. A. (2003). Corruption, optimal taxation, and growth. Public Finance Review : PFR, 31(3), 207–240.

Barron, R. (2016). Some Comments on the DOJ’s Kleptocracy Asset Recovery Initiative. Securities Regulation Law Journal, 44(4), 451.

Barron, R. A. (2014). Some current developments under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Securities Regulation Law Journal, 42(2), 185–194.

Barron, R. A. (2017). Does corruption promote terrorism? Securities Regulation Law Journal, 45(1), 85–91.

Barry, T. A., Lepetit, L., & Strobel, F. (2016). Bank Ownership Structure, Lending Corruption and the Regulatory Environment. Journal of Comparative Economics, 44(3), 732–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.08.003

Barta, J. A., & Chapman, J. (2012). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. American Criminal Law Review, 49(2), 825.

Barth, J., Lin, C., Lin, P., & Song, F. (2009). Corruption in bank lending to firms: Cross-country micro evidence on the beneficial role of competition and information sharing. 91(3), 361–388.

68 

 

Bartle, S., Chamberlain, C., & Wohlberg, B. (2014). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. American Criminal Law Review, 51(4), 1265.

Baryshnikova, N. V., Pham, N. T. A., & Wihardja, M. M. (2016). Does Political and Economic Inequality Affect Institutional Quality? Economic Record, 92(297), 190–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.12246

Basabe‐Serrano, S. (2015). Informal Institutions and Judicial Independence in Paraguay, 1954–2011. Law & Policy, 37(4), 350–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/lapo.12038

Baschieri, A., & Falkingham, J. (2006). Formalizing informal payments: The progress of health reform in Kyrgyzstan. Central Asian Survey, 25(4), 441–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634930701210435

Bashar, M. A. (2020). The Bureaucratic Corruption Leading to the Fall of Bengal (1700-1757). Intellectual Discourse, 28(2), 757–777.

Basheka, B. C., & Mubangizi, B. C. (2012). Citizen-driven approaches in fighting corruption: A comparative analysis of Uganda’s and South Africa’s local government systems. Journal of Public Administration, 47(3), 636–655.

Basheka, Benon C., Oluka, P. N., & Karyeija, G. K. (2013). The nature and forms of public procurement corruption in Uganda’s local government systems: Implications for good governance debate. Int. J. of Procurement Management, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPM.2013.056762

Basheka, Benon C., Oluka, P. N., & Mugurusi, G. (2015). Citizen-driven approaches for combating public procurement corruption in Uganda’s local government systems: An empirical survey. Int. J. of Logistics Systems and Management, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2015.070212

Basinger, S. J. (2013). Scandals and Congressional Elections in the Post-Watergate Era. Political Research Quarterly, 66(2), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912912451144

Basiru, A. (2018). Democracy Deficit and the Deepening Crisis of Corruption in Post-Authoritarian Nigeria: Navigating the Nexus. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 14(2), 121.

Basiru, A. S., & Osunkoya, O. A. (2019). Post-Authoritarian Nigeria: Democratizing Under Pervasive Corruption. Brazilian Journal of African Studies, 4(7). https://doi.org/10.22456/2448-3923.88679

Bašná, K. (2019). Income inequality and level of corruption in post-communist European countries between 1995 and 2014. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.05.002

69 

 

Bassole, L. (2010). Does governance matter in the fight against hiv/aids epidemic? Evidence from cross-country analysis. Economics Bulletin, 30(4), 1–36.

Bastida, F., & Benito, B. (2007). Central Government Budget Practices and Transparency: An international comparison. Public Administration, 85(3), 667–716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2007.00664.x

Basu, G. (2014). Concealment, corruption, and evasion: A transaction cost and case analysis of illicit supply chain activity. Journal of Transportation Security, 7(3), 209–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12198-014-0140-8

Basu, K. (2012). Why, for a certain class of bribes, the act of giving a bribe should be considered as legal. In S. Kochar (Ed.), Policy-Making for Indian Planning: Essays on Contemporary Issues in Honour of Montek Singh Ahluwalia. Academic Foundation.

Basu, Karna, Basu, K., & Cordella, T. (01). Asymmetric Punishment as an Instrument of Corruption Control (Working Paper 6933). The World Bank Policy Research. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-6933

Basu, Kaushik, Bhattacharya, S., & Mishra, A. (1992). Notes on bribery and the control of corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 48(3), 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(92)90012-5

Basu, Kaushik, & Cordella, T. (Eds.). (2018a). Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption. Palgrave Macmillan. //www.springer.com/us/book/9783319738222

Basu, Kaushik, & Cordella, T. (2018b). Introduction. In Kaushik Basu & T. Cordella (Eds.), Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 1–13). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_1

Basu, Kaushik, Mcgavock, T., & Zhang, B. (2013). When Competition Corrupts: A Theoretical Analysis of Market Structure and the Incidence of Corruption (Working Paper 6596). The World Bank Policy Research. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-6596

Batabyal, A. A., & Yoo, S. J. (2007). Corruption, Bribery, and Wait Times in the Public Allocation of Goods in Developing Countries. Review of Development Economics, 11(3), 507–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2007.00419.x

Batabyal, S., & Chowdhury, A. (2015). Curbing corruption, financial development and income inequality. Progress in Development Studies, 15(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993414546980

Batalla, E. C. (2001). De-institutionalizing Corruption in the Philippines. In Combating Corruption in East Asia (pp. 41–78). De La Salle University.

70 

 

http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan013117.pdf

Batalla, E. V. C. (2015). Treading the straight and righteous path: Curbing corruption in the Philippines. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 51–75.

Bates, R., Greif, A., & Singh, S. (2002). Organizing Violence. Journal of Conflict Resolution. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200202236166

Batista, C., & Vicente, P. C. (2011). Do Migrants Improve Governance at Home? Evidence from a Voting Experiment. World Bank Economic Review;25(1). http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13465

Batory, A. (2010). Post-accession malaise? EU conditionality, domestic politics and anti-corruption policy in Hungary. Global Crime, 11(2), 164–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669183

Batory, A. (2012a). Political Cycles and Organizational Life Cycles: Delegation to Anticorruption Agencies in Central Europe. Governance, 25(4), 639–660. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2012.01599.x

Batory, A. (2012b). Why do anti‐corruption laws fail in Central Eastern Europe? A target compliance perspective. Regulation & Governance, 6(1), 66–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5991.2011.01125.x

Batory, A. (2020). A free lunch from the EU? Public perceptions of corruption in cohesion policy expenditure in post-communist EU member states. Journal of European Integration. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2020.1800681

Batra, G., Kaufmann, D., & Stone, A. H. W. (2003). Investment climate around the world: Voices of the firms from the World Business Environment Survey / Geeta Batra, Daniel Kaufmann, and Andrew H.W. Stone. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Batzilis, D. (2015). Bribing Abroad. In S. Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State: Essays in Political Economy. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=47KCCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=batzilis+bribing+abroad&ots=1hzBsa8JuW&sig=ClI12oTUF_9FmD1o9ip5eN-M7qQ

Batzilis, D. (2019). Electoral competition and corruption: Evidence from municipality audits in Greece. International Review of Law & Economics, 59, 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2019.04.003

Baucus, M. S. (1994). Pressure, Opportunity and Predisposition: A Multivariate Model of Corporate Illegality. Journal of Management, 20(4), 699–721. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639402000401

71 

 

Baughn, C., Bodie, N. L., Buchanan, M. A., & Bixby, M. B. (2010). Bribery in International Business Transactions. Journal of Business Ethics, 92(1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0136-7

Bauhr, M. (2011). Why Pay Bribes? Collective Action and Anticorruption Efforts. Qog Working Paper Series 2011:18.

Bauhr, M. (2012). Need or greed corruption? In Good Government: The Relevance of Political Science (p. 68). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=nd1kKwqKXPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA68&dq=bauhr+need+or+greed+corruption+in+good+government&ots=xT3gfTcmIv&sig=3KEyqKqIAinMpG1giDpPS-xwQyU

Bauhr, M. (2013). The Legacy of Honesty: Understanding Swedish Perception of Corruption. In L. Wängnerud, S. Dahlberg, & H. Oscarsson (Eds.), Stepping Stones: Research on Political Representation, Voting Behavior, and Quality of Government (pp. 237–248).

Bauhr, M. (2017). Need or Greed? Conditions for Collective Action against Corruption. Governance, 30(4), 561–581. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12232

Bauhr, M., & Charron, N. (2018). Insider or Outsider? Grand Corruption and Electoral Accountability. Comparative Political Studies, 51(4), 415–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414017710258

Bauhr, M., & Charron, N. (2019). The EU as a savior and a saint? Corruption and public support for redistribution. Journal of European Public Policy, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1578816

Bauhr, M., Charron, N., & Nasiritousi, N. (2013). Does Corruption Cause Aid Fatigue? Public Opinion and the Aid-Corruption Paradox. International Studies Quarterly, 57, 568–579.

Bauhr, M., De Fine Licht, J., Fazekas, M., & Czibik, A. (2019). Lights on the shadows of public procurement. Transparency as an antidote to corruption. Governance. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12432

Bauhr, M., & Grimes, M. (2014). Indignation or Resignation: The Implications of Transparency for Societal Accountability. Governance, 27(2), 291–320. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12033

Bauhr, M., & Grimes, M. (2017). Transparency to curb corruption? Concepts, measures and empirical merit. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(4), 431–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9695-1

Bauhr, M., & Nasiritousi, N. (2012a). Resisting Transparency: Corruption, Legitimacy, and the Quality of Global Environmental Policies. Global Environmental Politics, 12(4), 9–29.

72 

 

Bauhr, M., & Nasiritousi, N. (2012b). How Do International Organizations Promote Quality of Government? Contestation, Integration, and the Limits of IO Power. International Studies Review, 14(4), 541–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12009

Baumann, F., & Friehe, T. (2016). Competitive Pressure and Corporate Crime. B E Journal Of Economic Analysis & Policy; B E J.Econ.Anal.Policy, 16(2), 647–687. https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2015-0064

Baumann, H. (2016). A failure of governmentality: Why Transparency International underestimated corruption in Ben Ali’s Tunisia. Third World Quarterly, Journal Article, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1153417

Baumol, W. J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive. The Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893–921.

Bautista-Beauchesne, N. (2020). Corruption and anti-corruption: A folklore problem? Crime, Law and Social Change, 73(2), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09856-3

Bauzá, F., Soriano-Paños, D., Gómez-Gardeñes, J., & Floría, L. M. (2020). Fear induced explosive transitions in the dynamics of corruption. Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.), 30(6), 63107–063107. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0004826

Baxamusa, M., & Jalal, A. M. (2014). The Effects of Corruption on Capital Structure: When Does It Matter? The Journal of Developing Areas, 48(1), 315–335.

Baxter, A. T. (1983). Federal discretion in the prosecution of local political corruption. Pepperdine Law Review, 10(2), 321–376.

Bayar, G. (2005). The role of intermediaries in corruption. Public Choice, 122(3), 277–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-5916-8

Bayar, G. (2011). Causes of corruption: Dynamic panel data analysis of some post soviet countries and East Asian countries. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 27(1), 77–86.

Bayar, G. (2014). Spurious middlemen in corrupt transactions.

Bayar, Y., & Alakbarov, N. (2016). Corruption And Foreign Direct Investment Inflows In Emerging Market Economies. Ecoforum, 5(2). https://doaj.org/article/52883494247d414a8aea19b7cdf6186a

Bayley, D. H. (1966). The effects of corruption in a developing nation. The Western Political Quarterly : Official Journal of Western Political Science Association, 19(4), 719–732.

Bayley, D. H., & Perito, R. (2011). Police corruption: What past scandals teach about current challenges. US Institute of Peace.

73 

 

Bazerman, M. H., & Gino, F. (2012). Behavioral Ethics: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Moral Judgment and Dishonesty. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 8(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102811-173815

Bazuaye, B., & Oriakhogba, D. (2016). Combating corruption and the role of the judiciary in Nigeria: Beyond rhetoric and crassness. Commonwealth Law Bulletin, 42(1), 125–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050718.2016.1157504

Bbaale, E., & Ibrahim, M. (2018). Corruption and firm-level productivity: Greasing or sanding effect? World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 14(3), 222–241. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-10-2017-0067

Beale, K. D., & Esposito, P. (2009). Emergent International Attitudes Towards Bribery, Corruption and Money Laundering. Arbitration, 75, 360–373.

Beale, S. S. (2000). Comparing the scope of the federal government’s authority to prosecute federal corruption and state and local corruption: Some surprising conclusions and a proposal. Hastings Law Journal, 51(4), 699–722.

Beaman, L., Duflo, E., Pande, R., & Topalova, P. (2011). Political reservation and substantive representation: Evidence from Indian village councils. India Policy Forum, 159–201.

Bean, B. (2010). Hyperbole, Hypocrisy, and Hubris in the Aid-Corruption Dialogue. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41(4), 781.

Beare, M. (2018). Entitled Ease: Social Milieu of Corporate Criminals. Critical Criminology, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-018-9413-z

Bearse, P., Glomm, G., & Janeba, E. (2000). Why poor countries rely mostly on redistribution in-kind. Journal of Public Economics, 75(3), 463–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00076-6

Beasley, M. (2015). Dysfunctional Equivalence: Why the OECD Antibribery Convention Provides Insufficient Guidance in the Era of Multinational Corporations. The George Washington International Law Review, 47(1), 191–231.

Beath, A., Christia, F., Egorov, G., & Enikolopov, R. (2016). Electoral Rules and Political Selection: Theory and Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan. Review Of Economic Studies, 83(3), 932–968. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdw018

Beaulieu, E. (2014). From voter ID to party ID: How political parties affect perceptions of election fraud in the U.S. Electoral Studies, 35, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.03.003

Beber, B., & Scacco, A. (2012). What the Numbers Say: A Digit-Based Test for Election Fraud. Political Analysis, 20(2), 211–234. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mps003

74 

 

Beblavý, M. (2009). Conditions for effective large‐scale anticorruption efforts and the role of external actors: What does the Slovak experience tell us? Public Administration and Development, 29(3), 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.526

Bechert, I., & Quandt, M. (2009). ISSP Data Report: Attitudes towards the Role of Government [Working Paper]. http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/20006

Beck, A., & Lee, R. (2002). Attitudes to corruption amongst Russian police officers and trainees. Crime, Law and Social Change, 38(4), 357–372. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021140413153

Beck, Paul J., & Maher, M. W. (1986). A comparison of bribery and bidding in thin markets. Economics Letters, 20(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(86)90068-6

Beck, Paul J., & Maher, M. W. (1989). Competition, regulation and bribery. Managerial and Decision Economics, 10(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4090100102

Beck, Paul John, Maher, M. W., & Tschoegl, A. E. (1991). The impact of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on US exports. Managerial and Decision Economics, 12(4), 295–303.

Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2006). Bank supervision and corruption in lending. Journal of Monetary Economics, 53(8), 2131–2163.

Beck, T., Demirgüç‐Kunt, A., & Maksimovic, V. (2005). Financial and Legal Constraints to Growth: Does Firm Size Matter? Journal of Finance, 60(1), 137–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00727.x

Beck, T., & Laeven, L. (2006). Institution building and growth in transition economies. Journal of Economic Growth, 11(2), 157–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-006-9000-0

Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169–217. https://doi.org/10.1086/259394

Becker, G. S., & Stigler, G. J. (1974). Law Enforcement, Malfeasance, and Compensation of Enforcers. The Journal of Legal Studies, 3(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1086/467507

Becker, S. O., Boeckh, K., Hainz, C., & Woessmann, L. (2016). The Empire Is Dead, Long Live the Empire! Long‐Run Persistence of Trust and Corruption in the Bureaucracy. Economic Journal, 126(590), 40–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12220

Becker, S. O., Egger, P. H., & Seidel, T. (2009). Common political culture: Evidence on regional corruption contagion. European Journal of Political Economy, 25(3), 300–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2008.12.002

Beekman, G., Bulte, E. H., & Nillesen, E. E. M. (2013). Corruption and economic activity: Micro level evidence from rural Liberia. European Journal of Political Economy, 30, 70.

75 

 

Beekman, G., Bulte, E., & Nillisen, E. (2014). Corruption, Investments and Contributions to Public Goods: Experimental Evidence from Rural Liberia. Journal of Public Economics, 115, 37–2727.

Beeri, I., & Navot, D. (2013). Local Political Corruption: Potential structural malfunctions at the central–local, local–local and intra-local levels. Public Management Review, 15(5), 712–739. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2012.707682

Beesley, C. (2015). Globalization and corruption in post-Soviet countries: Perverse effects of economic openness. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 56(2), 170–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2015.1082923

Beets, D. S. (2007). Global Corruption and Religion: An Empirical Examination. Journal of Global Ethics, 3(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449620600991614

Beets, S. (2005). Understanding the Demand-Side Issues of International Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-3824-3

Begovic, B. (2005a). Corruption: Concepts, types, causes and consequences. Center for Liberal-Democratic Studies, Year III No, 26. http://www.cadal.org/english/pdf/documento_26_english.pdf

Begovic, B. (2005b). Judicial Corruption: A Theoretical Model [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=734103

Begović, B. (2006). Economic inequality and corruption [Working Paper]. The World Bank. http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11869517.pdf

Begum, A. (2020). Corruption in business. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(3), 735–754. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2020-0018

BEKA, A. (2020). Some Criminogenic Factors Affecting the Appearance of Corruption in Kosovo. PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, 4(2), 89–92. https://doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v4i2.166

Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. R., Lundblad, C. T., & Siegel, S. (2014). Political risk spreads. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(4), 471–493. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.4

Belgibayeva, A., & Plekhanov, A. (2019). Does corruption matter for sources of foreign direct investment? Review of World Economics, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-019-00354-1

Belitski, M., Chowdhury, F., & Desai, S. (2016). Taxes, corruption, and entry. Small Business Economics, 47(1), 201–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9724-y

Bellavite Pellegrini, C., Sergi, B. S., & Sironi, E. (2017). Stock Returns, Productivity, and

76 

 

Corruption in Eight European Fast‐Emerging Markets. Thunderbird International Business Review, 59(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21747

Belli, P., Gotsadze, G., & Shahriari, H. (2004). Out-of-pocket and informal payments in health sector: Evidence from Georgia. Health Policy, 70(1), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.03.007

Bello, A. O. (2014a). Gift-Giving, Anti-Bribery Laws and the Nigerian Constitution: Matters Arising. 58(2), 278–302. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021855314000102

Bello, A. O. (2014b). United Nations and African Union Conventions on Corruption and Anti-corruption Legislations in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis. African Journal of International and Comparative Law, 22(2), 308–333. https://doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2014.0094

Belloni, R., & Strazzari, F. (2014). Corruption in post-conflict Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo: A deal among friends. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 855–871. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921434

Bellos, S., & Subasat, T. (2012). Corruption and foreign direct investment: A panel gravity model approach. Bulletin of Economic Research, 64(4), 565–574.

Bellows, A. (2020). Bridging the Elite-Grassroots Divide Among Anticorruption Activists. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/07/bridging-elite-grassroots-divide-among-anticorruption-activists-pub-80687

Bellver, A., & Kaufmann, D. (2005). Transparenting transparency: Initial empirics and policy applications (Working Paper MRPA Paper No. 8188). http://papers.ssrn.com/soL3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=808664

Belousova, V., Goel, R. K., & Korhonen, I. (2016). Corruption perceptions versus corruption incidence: Competition for rents across Russian regions. 40(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-014-9298-y

Belozercev, S. (2019). Corruption, opium and gold: The interaction of the police and the Sino-Korean population in the Far East of the country in the pre-revolutionary period. Klio, 147(3), 70.

Beltrán, A. (2016). Does corruption increase or decrease employment in firms? Applied Economics Letters, 23(5), 361–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1076137

Beltrán, E. C., & González, F. G. (2020). When Corruption is Cultural: Exploring Moral, Institutional and Rule-Based Concepts of Corruption. Boletín Mexicano de Derecho Comparado, 1(156), 1325–1360. https://doi.org/10.22201/iij.24484873e.2019.156.15155

77 

 

Ben Ali, M. S., Fhima, F., & Nouira, R. (2020). How does corruption undermine banking stability? A threshold nonlinear framework. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 27, 100365-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100365

Ben Ali, M. S., & Gasmi, A. (2017). Does ICT diffusion matter for corruption? An Economic Development Perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 34(8), 1445–1453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.06.008

Ben Ali, M. S., & Sassi, S. (2016). The corruption-inflation nexus: Evidence from developed and developing countries. The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, 16(1), 125.

Ben Ali, T. (2019). The effect of governance on public debt: An empirical investigation for the Arabian Gulf countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(4), 812–841. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-07-2017-0168

Bénabou, R. (2011). Identity, morals, and taboos: Beliefs as assets. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(2), 805–855.

Benabou, R., & Tirole, J. (2004). Willpower and Personal Rules. Journal of Political Economy, 112(4), 848–886. https://doi.org/10.1086/421167

Bendahan, S., Zehnder, C., Pralong, F. P., & Antonakis, J. (2015). Leader corruption depends on power and testosterone. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 101–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.07.010

Benedetti, M. (2014). How Multilateral Development Banks invest corruption in their funded projects. In J.-B. Auby & E. Breen (Eds.), Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach (pp. 215–235). Edward Elgar.

Benfratello, L., Del Monte, A., & Pennacchio, L. (2018). Corruption and public debt: A cross-country analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 25(5), 340–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1321831

Benito, B., Guillamón, M., & Bastida, F. (2016). The Impact of Transparency on the Cost of Sovereign Debt in Times of Economic Crisis. Financial Accountability & Management, 32(3), 309–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12090

Benito, B., Guillamón, M.-D., & Bastida, F. (2015). Determinants of urban political corruption in local governments. Crime, Law and Social Change, 63(3), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-015-9563-9

Benito, B., Guillamón, M.-D., Ríos, A.-M., & Bastida, F. (2017). Can salaries and re-election prevent political corruption? An empirical evidence. Revista de Contabilidad. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2017.04.003

Benito, B., Guillamón, M.-D., Ríos, A.-M., & Bastida, F. (2019). Do the illegal and legal rents of

78 

 

politicians affect municipal election outcomes? Empirical evidence. Local Government Studies, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2019.1585816

Benjamin, S., Bhuvaneswari, R., & Rajan, P. (2007). Bhoomi ‘E–governance’, or, an anti–politics machine necessary to globalize Bangalore? [Working Paper].

Bennedsen, M., & Feldmann, S. (2011). Lobbying and Bribes—A Survey-Based Analysis of the Demand for Influence and Corruption [Working Paper].

Bennett, V., Pierce, L., Snyder, J., & Toffel, M. (2013). Customer-Driven Misconduct: How Competition Corrupts Business Practices. Management Science, 59(8), 1725–1742. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1680

Bensassi, S., & Jarreau, J. (2019). Price discrimination in bribe payments: Evidence from informal cross-border trade in West Africa. World Development, 122, 462–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.05.023

Benson, B. L. (1988). Corruption in law enforcement: One consequence of “The tragedy of the commons” arising with public allocation processes. International Review of Law & Economics, 8(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8188(88)90016-6

Benson, B. L., & Baden, J. (1985). The Political Economy of Governmental Corruption: The Logic of Underground Government. The Journal of Legal Studies, 14(2), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1086/467777

Bentzen, J. S. (2012). How Bad is Corruption? Cross‐country Evidence of the Impact of Corruption on Economic Prosperity. Review of Development Economics, 16(1), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00653.x

Benyamin, B., Drummonds, K., Farag, D., & Tum, C. (2016). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The American Criminal Law Review, 53(4), 1333.

Benyishay, A., & Grosjean, P. (2014). Initial endowments and economic reform in 27 post-socialist countries. Journal of Comparative Economics, 42(4), 892–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.04.008

Berdiev, A., Goel, R., & Saunoris, J. (2018). Corruption and the shadow economy: One‐way or two‐way street? The World Economy, 41(11), 3221–3241. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12661

Berdiev, A. N., Goel, R. K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2020). The path from ethnic inequality to development: The intermediary role of institutional quality. World Development, 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104925

Berdiev, A. N., Kim, Y., & Chang, C.-P. (2013). Remittances and corruption. Economics Letters, 118(1), 182–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.10.008

79 

 

Berdiev, A. N., & Saunoris, J. W. (2018). Corruption and Entrepreneurship: Cross-Country Evidence from Formal and Informal Sectors. Southern Economic Journal, 84(3), 831–848. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12250

Berdiev, A. N., Saunoris, J. W., & Schneider, F. (2020). Poverty and the shadow economy: The role of governmental institutions. The World Economy, 43(4), 921–947. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12917

Berenbeim, R. (1999). Company programs for resisting corrupt practices: A global study. Conference Board.

Berengaut, J., & Elborgh-Woytek, K. (2006). Who Is Still Haunted by the Specter of Communism?: Explaining Relative Output Contractions Under Transition. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 42(5), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.2753/REE1540-496X420503

Beresford, A. (2015). Power, patronage, and gatekeeper politics in South Africa. African Affairs, 114(455), 226–248. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adu083

Berg, S. V., Jiang, L., & Lin, C. (2012). Regulation and Corporate Corruption: New Evidence from the Telecom Sector. 40(1), 22–43.

Berger, H., & Nitsch, V. (2008). Gotcha! A Profile of Smuggling in International Trade (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1310068). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1310068

Berger, P., Sheehy, E. W., Davis, K. K., & Yannett, B. E. (2007). Is that a bribe? International Financial Law Review, 1.

Berggren, N., Bergh, A., & Bjørnskov, C. (2012). The growth effects of institutional instability. Journal of Institutional Economics, 8(2), 187–224. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137411000488

Berggren, N., Bergh, A., & Bjørnskov, C. (2015). What matters for growth in Europe? Institutions versus policies, quality versus instability. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 18(1), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2014.953159

Berggren, N., & Bjørnskov, C. (2020). Corruption, judicial accountability and inequality: Unfair procedures may benefit the worst-off. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 170, 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.12.010

Bergh, A., Erlingsson, G. Ó., Gustafsson, A., & Wittberg, E. (2019). Municipally Owned Enterprises as Danger Zones for Corruption?: How Politicians Having Feet in Two Camps May Undermine Conditions for Accountabilit. Public Integrity, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1522182

80 

 

Bergh, A., Fink, G., & Öhrvall, R. (2012). Public Sector Size and Corruption: Evidence from 290 Swedish Municipalities (IFN Working Paper 938).

Bergh, A., Fink, G., & Öhrvall, R. (2017). More politicians, more corruption: Evidence from Swedish municipalities. Public Choice, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-017-0458-4

Bergh, A., & Öhrvall, R. (2018). A sticky trait: Social trust among Swedish expatriates in countries with varying institutional quality. Journal of Comparative Economics, <xocs:firstpage xmlns:xocs=""/>. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2018.06.002

Berghoff, H. (2018). “Organised irresponsibility”? The Siemens corruption scandal of the 1990s and 2000s. Business History, 60(3), 423–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2017.1330332

Bergman, M. (2009). Tax Evasion and the Rule of Law in Latin America: The Political Culture of Cheating and Compliance in Argentina and Chile (1 edition). Penn State University Press.

Berg-Schlosser, D. (2004). The quality of democracies in Europe as measured by current indicators of democratization and good governance. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 20(1), 28–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523270410001687091

Berkel, M. van. (2018). Fighting Corruption between Theory and Practice: The Land of the Euphrates and Tigris in Transition, Ninth to Eleventh Centuries. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-5

Berkman, Ü. (1992). Bureaucracy and bribery a conceptual framework. International Journal of Public Administration, 15(6), 1345–1368. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699208524763

Berkovich, I. (2016). The Corrupted Industry and the “Wagon-Wheel Effect”: A Cross-Country Exploration of the Effect of Government Corruption on Public Service Effectiveness. Administration & Society, 48(5), 559–579. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399715607287

Berkowitz, D., & Li, W. (2000). Tax rights in transition economies: A tragedy of the commons? Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 369–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00091-2

Berkowitz, J. P., Depken II, C. A., & Gandar, J. M. (2018). Market evidence against widespread point shaving in college basketball. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 153, 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.06.018

Berliner, D., & Wehner, J. (2020). Audits for Accountability: Evidence from Municipal By-Elections in South Africa. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/bm62w

81 

 

Berman, E. M. (2015). HRM in Development: Lessons and Frontiers. Public Administration and Development, 35(2), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1706

Bermpei, T., Kalyvas, A. N., & Leonida, L. (2020). Local Public Corruption and Bank Lending Activity in the United States. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04410-6

Bernabel, R. (2018). Federal Democracy in the Laboratory: Power Decentralization and Democratic Incentives Against Corruption. Political Science Research and Methods, 6(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2016.17

Bernard, G. W. (2018). “A Water-Spout Springing from the Rock of Freedom”?: Corruption in Sixteenth- and Early-Seventeenth-Century England. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-9

Bernardi, R. A., Delorey, E. L., Lacross, C. C., & Waite, R. A. (2003). Evidence of social desirability response bias in ethics research: An international study. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 19(3), 41–51.

Bernardi, R., Witek, M., & Melton, M. (2009). A Four-Country Study of the Associations Between Bribery and Unethical Actions. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(3), 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9715-2

Bernheim, B. D., & Kartik, N. (2014). Candidates, character, and corruption. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 6(2), 205–246.

Berninghaus, S. K., Haller, S., Krüger, T., Neumann, T., Schosser, S., & Vogt, B. (2013). Risk attitude, beliefs, and information in a Corruption Game – An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 34, 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2012.11.004

Bernsee, R. (2018). Privatisation and corruption in historical perspective: The case of secularisation in Bavaria and Prussia in the early nineteenth century. Business History, 60(3), 321–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2017.1361932

Berry, B. R. (2001). Donkeys, Elephants, and Barney Fife: Are Deputy Sheriffs Policymakers Subject to Patronage Termination? Missouri Law Review, 66, 667–959.

Bersch, K. (2016). The merits of problem-solving over powering: Governance reform in Brazil and Argentina. Comparative Politics, 48(2), 205–225.

Bersch, K., & Botero, S. (2014). Measuring Governance: Implications of Conceptual Choices. The European Journal of Development Research, 26(1), 124–141. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2013.49

82 

 

Bersch, K., Praca, S., & Taylor, M. M. (2017). State Capacity, Bureaucratic Politicization, and Corruption in the Brazilian State. Governance, 30(1), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12196

Berti, C. (2018). Rotten Apples or Rotten System? Media Framing of Political Corruption in New Zealand and Italy. Journalism Studies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1530068

Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.03.001

Bertrand, M., Djankov, S., Hanna, R., & Mullainathan, S. (2007). Obtaining a driver’s license in India an experimental approach to studying corruption. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(4), 1639–1676.

Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2001). Do People Mean What They Say? Implications for Subjective Survey Data. American Economic Review, 91(2), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.2.67

Besciu, C. D. (2016). The Impact of Corruption on the Performance Management of European Health Systems. Management Research & Practice, 8(2), 5–22.

Besley, T. (2002). The political economy of government responsiveness: Theory and evidence from India. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(4), 1415–1451.

Besley, T., & Burgess, R. (2001). Political agency, government responsiveness and the role of the media. European Economic Review, 629.

Besley, T. J. (1993). Taxes and bribery: The role of wage incentives. The Economic Journal : The Journal of the Royal Economic Society, 103(416), 119–141.

Besley, T., Pande, R., & Rao, V. (2012). Just Rewards? Local Politics and Public Resource Allocation in South India. World Bank Economic Review, 26(2), 191–216. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr039

Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2014). Why Do Developing Countries Tax So Little? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4), 99–120.

Besley, T., & Prat, A. (2006). Handcuffs for the Grabbing Hand? Media Capture and Government Accountability. American Economic Review, 96(3), 720–736. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.3.720

Best, R., & Zhang, Q. Y. (2020). What explains carbon-pricing variation between countries? Energy Policy, 143, 111541-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111541

83 

 

Betances, E. (2020). The Rise and Fall of Marcha Verde in the Dominican Republic. Latin American Perspectives, 47(5), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X20939100

Bethencourt, C., & Perera‐Tallo, F. (2015). Declining Predation during Development: A Feedback Process. Economica, 82(326), 253–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12105

Bevan, A. A., & Estrin, S. (2000). The determinants of foreign direct investment in transition economies [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=258070

Bevan, A. A., & Estrin, S. (2004). The determinants of foreign direct investment into European transition economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 32(4), 775–787.

Beyerle, S. M. (2014). Curtailing corruption: People power for accountability and justice. Lynne Rienner.

Beylis, G., Finan, F., & Mazzocco, M. (2016). Understanding Corruption: Theory and Evidence from Audits of Local Governments [Working Paper].

Bhagwati, J. N. (1982). Directly Unproductive, Profit-Seeking (DUP) Activities. Journal of Political Economy, 90(5), 988–1002. https://doi.org/10.1086/261104

Bharara, P. (2015). Symposium: Fighting Corruption in America and Abroad. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 601–610.

Bhargava, V. K., & Bolongaita, E. P. (2004). Challenging corruption in Asia: Case studies and a framework for action. World Bank.

Bhasin, N., & Garg, S. (2018). Does Host Country Institutional Quality Act as a Differentiator in Intra-regional FDI? Evidence from Selected Asian Economies. Foreign Trade Review, 53(2), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0015732517734726

Bhatnagar, S. (2013). E-Governance: Can It Be a Potent Tool to Fight Corruption? In S. Paul (Ed.), Fighting Corruption: The Way Forward. Public Affairs Center.

Bhatnagar, S. C., & Singh, N. (2010). Assessing the Impact of E-government: A Study of Projects in India. Information Technologies & International Development, 6(2), pp-109.

Bhattacharyya, S., & Hodler, R. (2010). Natural Resources, Democracy and Corruption. European Economic Review, 54(4), 608–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.10.004

Bhattacharyya, S., & Hodler, R. (2015). Media freedom and democracy in the fight against corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 39, 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.03.004

Bhattarai, M., & Hammig, M. (2004). Governance, economic policy, and the environmental kuznets curve for natural tropical forests. Environment and Development Economics, 9,

84 

 

367–382.

Bhattarai, P. C. (2009). Countering corruption: Globally or locally. Nepalese Journal of Public Policy and Governance, 24(1), 89–98.

Bhaumik, S. K., & Dimova, R. (2014). Good and bad institutions: Is the debate over? Cross-country firm-level evidence from the textile industry. Cambridge Journal Of Economics, 38(1), 109–126. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bes089

Bhavnani, R. R. (2012). Using Asset Disclosures to Study Politicians Rents: An Application to India [Working Paper]. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTABCDE/Resources/7455676-1315933592317/8143947-1335963402037/8622235-1336401580364/Session-4-Rikhil_Bhavnani.pdf

Bhavnani, R. R., & Condra, L. N. (2012). Why People Vote for Corrupt Politicians [Working Paper]. http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/pdf/outputs/IGC/Bhavnani-Condra-2012-Working-Paper.pdf

Bhojwani, R. (2012). Deterring global bribery: Where public and private enforcement collide. Columbia Law Review, 112(1), 66–111.

Bhuiyan, S. (2010). E-Government in Kazakhstan: Challenges and Its Role to Development. Public Organization Review, 10(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-009-0087-6

Biadgilign, S., Ayenew, H., Chitekwe, S., Tolla, A., Haile, D., & Deribew, A. (2019). Good governance, public health expenditures, urbanization and child undernutrition Nexus in Ethiopia: An ecological analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3822-2

Bialos, J. P., & Husisian, G. (1997). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Coping with Corruption in Transitional Economies. Oceana Publications.

Bicchieri, C., & Duffy, J. (1997). Corruption Cycles. Political Studies, 45(3), 477–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00092

Bicchieri, C., & Rovelli, C. (1995). Evolution and Revolution: The Dynamics of Corruption. Rationality and Society, 7(2), 201–224.

Bicchieri, C., & Xiao, E. (2009). Do the right thing: But only if others do so. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 22(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.621

Biddulph, R. (2014). Can elite corruption be a legitimate Machiavellian tool in an unruly world? The case of post-conflict Cambodia. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 872–887. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921435

Bierstaker, J. L. (2009). Differences in attitudes about fraud and corruption across cultures;

85 

 

Theory, examples and recommendations. Cross Cultural Management, 16(3), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600910977337

Bigge, D., & Gans, K. (2013). The Potential for Arbitrators to Refer Suspicions of Corruption to Domestic Authorities. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). http://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1955

Bikelis, S. (2017). Prosecution for illicit enrichment: The Lithuanian perspective. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 20(2), 203–214.

Bilan, Y., Vasylieva, T., Lyeonov, S., & Tiutiunyk, I. (2019). Shadow Economy and its Impact on Demand at the Investment Market of the Country. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(2), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070202

Bildfell, C. (2018). P3 Infrastructure Projects: A Recipe for Corruption or an Antidote? Public Works Management & Policy : A Journal for the American Public Works Association, 23(1), 34–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X17709791

Bilicka, K., & Seidel, A. (2020). Profit shifting and corruption. International Tax and Public Finance, 27(5), 1051–1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-020-09596-4

Billger, S. M., & Goel, R. K. (2009). Do existing corruption levels matter in controlling corruption?: Cross-country quantile regression estimates. Journal of Development Economics, 90(2), 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.07.006

Billon, S., & Gillanders, R. (2016). State Ownership and Corruption. International Tax and Public Finance, 23(6), 1074–1092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-015-9390-z

Bilotkach, V. (2006). A tax evasion--bribery game: Experimental evidence from Ukraine. The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 3(1), 31.

Bimonte, S., & Stabile, A. (2019). The Effect of Growth and Corruption on Soil Sealing in Italy: A Regional Environmental Kuznets Curve Analysis. Environmental and Resource Economics, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-019-00376-1

Bina, X., & Yinghong, H. (2016). The Political Impetus behind the Construction of Anti-Corruption Institutions in Developing Countries: An Analysis of the Process Leading up to India’s Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (LALA). Social Sciences in China, 37(3), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2016.1194629

Birch, S, Allen, N., & Sarmiento-Mirwaldt, K. (2017). Anger, Anxiety and Corruption Perceptions: Evidence from France. Political Studies, 65(4), 893–911. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321717691294

Birch, Sara. (2007). Electoral systems and the manipulation of elections. Comparative Political Studies, 40(12), 1533–1556.

86 

 

Birch, Sarah. (2009). Full Participation: A Comparative Study of Compulsory Voting. Manchester University Press.

Birch, Sarah, & Allen, N. (2015). Judging politicians: The role of political attentiveness in shaping how people evaluate the ethical behaviour of their leaders. European Journal of Political Research, 54(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12066

Bird, R. M. (2008). Tax Challenges Facing Developing Countries (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1114084). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1114084

Bird, R. M., Martinez-Vazquez, J., & Torgler, B. (2008). Tax Effort in Developing Countries and High Income Countries: The Impact of Corruption, Voice and Accountability. Economic Analysis and Policy, 38(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(08)50006-3

Birdsall, N., Kenny, C., & Diofasi, A. (2018). What Drives Citizen Perceptions of Government Corruption? National Income, Petty Bribe Payments and the Unknown. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 285–334). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_10

Birhanu, A. G., Gambardella, A., & Valentini, G. (2016). Bribery and investment: Firm‐level evidence from Africa and Latin America. Strategic Management Journal, 37(9), 1865–1877. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2431

Birney, M. (2014). Decentralization and Veiled Corruption under China’s “Rule of Mandates.” World Development, 53, 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.01.006

Bishara, N. D. (2011). Governance and corruption constraints in the middle east: Overcoming the business ethics glass ceiling. American Business Law Journal : The Official Publication of the American Business Law Association, 48(2), 227–283.

Bishara, N. D., & Schipani, C. A. (2009). Strengthening the ties that bind: Preventing corruption in the executive suite. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(4), 765–780.

Bishara, N., & Hess, D. (2013). Human Rights and a Corporation’s Duty to Combat Corruption. In R. Bird, D. Cahoy, & J. Prenkert (Eds.), Law, Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Gap. Edward Elgar. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2388395

Bishara, N., & Hess, D. (2014). Will an FCPA Compliance Defense Improve Compliance with the FCPA?: An Exploration of the Issues. In P. Nichols (Ed.), Corruption, Business Law, and Business Ethics. University of Chicago Press.

Bishop, D. (2010). Toward a More Flexible Approach to the International Legal Consequences of Corruption. ICSID Review, 25(1), 63–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/25.1.63

Bissessar, N. (2009). Does Corruption Persist In Sub-Saharan Africa? International Advances in Economic Research, 336–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-009-9210-2

87 

 

Biswas, A. K., Farzanegan, M. R., & Thum, M. (2012). Pollution, shadow economy and corruption: Theory and evidence. Ecological Economics, 75, 114–125.

Biswas, M. (2017). Are They Efficient in the Middle? Using Propensity Score Estimation for Modeling Middlemen in Indian Corporate Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 141(3), 563–586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2524-x

Bitzenis, A. (2006). Decisive FDI barriers that affect multinationals’ business in a transition country. Global Business and Economics Review. http://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/GBER.2006.008778

Bitzenis, A., Tsitouras, A., & Vlachos, V. (2009). Decisive FDI obstacles as an explanatory reason for limited FDI inflows in an EMU member state: The case of Greece. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (Formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), 38(4), 691–704.

Bitzenis, A., Vlachos, V., & Schneider, F. (2016). An Exploration of the Greek Shadow Economy: Can Its Transfer into the Official Economy Provide Economic Relief Amid the Crisis? Journal of Economic Issues, 50(1), 165–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2016.1147918

Bixby, M. B. (2010). The lion awakens: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act - 1977 to 2010. San Diego International Law Journal, 12(1), 89–145.

Bjarnegard, E. (2008). Gender and Corruption: Reversing the Causal Direction.’ [Working Paper].

Bjarnegard, E. (2013). Gender, informal institutions and political recruitment: Explaining male dominance in parliamentary representation. Springer. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=SU36FqyITNAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Bjarnegard,+Elin.+2012.+Gender,+Informal+Institutions+and+Political+Recruitment:+Explaining+Male+Dominance+in+Parliamentary+Representation+&ots=bXiUoxuzpJ&sig=w1qYrrLWhZbZV6gORg1WGgrtaAo

Bjørkelo, B. (2013). Workplace bullying after whistleblowing: Future research and implications. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28(3), 306–323. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941311321178

Björkman, M. (2007). Does Money Matter for Student Performance? Evidence from a Grant Program in Uganda (IGIER Working Paper No. 326). ftp://ftp.igier.unibocconi.it/wp/2007/326.pdf

Björkman, M. (2009). Power to the people: Evidence from a randomized field experiment on community-based monitoring in Uganda. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(2), 735–769.

88 

 

Björkman, M. (2010). When is community-based monitoring effective?: Evidence from a randomized experiment in primary health in Uganda. Journal of the European Economic Association, 8(2), 571–581.

Bjorkman Nyqvist, M., De Walque, D., & Svensson, J. (2014). Information is power: Experimental evidence on the long-run impact of community based monitoring. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 7015. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2487613

Bjørnskov, C. (2003a). Corruption and social capital (Working Paper 03-13). Citeseer. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.468.9082&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Bjørnskov, C. (2003b). The Happy Few: Cross–Country Evidence on Social Capital and Life Satisfaction. Kyklos, 56(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00207

Bjørnskov, C. (2011). Combating Corruption: On the Interplay between Institutional Quality and Social Trust. The Journal of Law & Economics, 54(1), 135–159. https://doi.org/10.1086/652421

Bjørnskov, C. (2012). Can bribes buy protection against international competition? Review of World Economics, 148(4), 751–775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-012-0128-z

Bjørnskov, C., Dreher, A., & Fischer, J. A. V. (2010). Formal institutions and subjective well-being: Revisiting the cross-country evidence. European Journal of Political Economy, 26(4), 419–430.

Bjørnskov, C., & Freytag, A. (2016). An offer you can’t refuse: Murdering journalists as an enforcement mechanism of corrupt deals. Public Choice, 167(3–4), 221–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-016-0338-3

Bjorvatn, K., Farzanegan, M. R., & Schneider, F. (2012). Resource curse and power balance: Evidence from oil-rich countries. World Development, 40(7), 1308–1316.

Bjorvatn, K., & Søreide, T. (2005). Corruption and Privatization. European Journal of Political Economy, 21(4), 903–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.02.001

Bjorvatn, K., & Søreide, T. (2014). Corruption and competition for resources. International Tax and Public Finance, 21(6), 997–1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-013-9292-x

Bjorvatn, K., Torsvik, G., & Tungodden, B. (2005). How middle-men can undermine anti-corruption reforms (CMI Working Papers WP 2005). Chr. Michelsen Institute. http://bora.cmi.no/dspace/handle/10202/93

Black, Barbara. (2012). The SEC and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Fighting Global Corruption Is Not Part of the SEC’s Mission. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1093–1485.

89 

 

Black, Bernard, Kraakman, R., & Tarassova, A. (2000). Russian Privatization and Corporate Governance: What Went Wrong? Stanford Law Review, 52, 1731–1865.

Blackburn, K., Bose, N., & Emranul Haque, M. (2006). The incidence and persistence of corruption in economic development. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 30(12), 2447–2467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2005.07.007

Blackburn, K., Bose, N., & Haque, M. E. (2010). Endogenous corruption in economic development. Journal of Economic Studies, 37(1), 4–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443581011012234

Blackburn, K., Bose, N., & Haque, M. E. (2011). Public Expenditures, Bureaucratic Corruption and Economic Development. Manchester School, 79(3), 405–428.

Blackburn, K., & Forgues-Puccio, G. F. (2007). Distribution and development in a model of misgovernance. European Economic Review, 51(6), 1534–1563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2006.10.003

Blackburn, K., & Forgues-Puccio, G. F. (2009). Why is corruption less harmful in some countries than in others? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 72(3), 797–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.08.009

Blackburn, K., & Forgues-Puccio, G. F. (2010). Financial liberalization, bureaucratic corruption and economic development. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(7), 1321–1339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2010.05.002

Blackburn, K., Neanidis, K. C., & Haque, M. E. (2008). Corruption, seigniorage and growth: Theory and evidence. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1173622

Blackburn, K., & Powell, J. (2011). Corruption, inflation and growth. Economics Letters, 113(3), 225–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.06.015

Blackburn, K., & Sarmah, R. (2008). Corruption, development and demography. Economics of Governance, 9(4), 341–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-007-0045-0

Blagojević, S., & Damijan, Jožep. (2013). The impact of corruption and ownership on the performance of firms in Central and Eastern Europe. Post-Communist Economies, 25(2), 133–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2013.787734

Blair, G., Littman, R., & Paluck, E. (2019). Motivating Community-Minded Behavior. Natural History, 127(6), 12–15.

Blake, Charlesh., & Martin, Christopherg. (2006). The dynamics of political corruption: Re-examining the influence of democracy. Democratization, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340500378191

90 

 

Blanc, R., & Patten, D. (2019). Cultural Secrecy and Anti‐corruption Disclosure in Large Multinational Companies. Australian Accounting Review, 29(2), 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12231

Blanchard, O. (Olivier J. ), & Shleifer, A. (2000). Federalism with and without political centralization: China versus Russia. IMF Staff Papers, 48(4), 171–179.

Blanco, L., PhD, MBA. (2016). The Impact of Judicial Reform on Crime Victimization and Trust in Institutions in Mexico. Violence and Victims, 31(1), 27–50. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-14-00004

Blanco, L. R., Nugent, J. B., & O’Connor, K. J. (2015). Oil Curse and Institutional Changes: Which Institutions are most Vulnerable to the Curse and Under what Circumstances? Contemporary Economic Policy, 33(2), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12077

Bland, G. (2014). Measuring Subnational Government Corruption in the Developing World. Public Integrity, 16(3), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922160303

Blanes i Vidal, J., Draca, M., & Fons-Rosen, C. (2012). Revolving Door Lobbyists. American Economic Review, 102(7), 3731–3748. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.7.3731

Blasius, J., & Graeff, P. (2009). Economic Freedom, Wealth and Corruption: Analyzing Their Empirical Connection by Means of Correspondence Analysis. In P. Graeff & G. Mehlkop (Eds.), Capitalism, Democracy, and the Prevention of War and Poverty (pp. 135–156).

Blavatskyy, P. (n.d.). Obesity of politicians and corruption in post-Soviet countries. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12259

Blazejewski, K. S. (2008). The FATF and its Institutional Partners: Improving the Effectiveness and Accountability of Transgovernmental Networks. Temple International & Comparative Law Journal, 22, 1–523.

Blažys, E. (2020). Governance spending fixation as a tool for reform to improve institutions. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 934–956. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1676282

Blechinger, V. (1999). Changes in the handling of corruption scandals in Japan since 1994. Asia-Pacific Review, 6(2), 42–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13439009908720016

Bleynat, I. (2018). The Business of Governing: Corruption and Informal Politics in Mexico City’s Markets, 1946–1958. 50(2), 355–381. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X17000785

Bliss, C., & Tella, R. D. (1997). Does Competition Kill Corruption? Journal of Political Economy, 105(5), 1001–1023. https://doi.org/10.1086/262102

91 

 

Blockwood, J.-C. (2019). Addressing the “Cancer of Corruption” with Communication, Collaboration and Capacity Development. International Journal of Government Auditing, 46(2), 4–6.

Blommaert, D. (2018). Fixing the Revolving Door: An International Perspective. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 31(4), 515.

Blonigen, B. A. (2005). A Review of the Empirical Literature on FDI Determinants. Atlantic Economic Journal, 33(4), 383–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11293-005-2868-9

Bloom, B. (2014). Criminalizing Kleptocracy? The ICC as a Viable Tool in the Fight Against Grand Corruption. American University International Law Review, 29(3), 627–671.

Blount, J., & Markel, S. (2012). The end of the internal compliance world as we know it, or an enhancement of the effectiveness of securities law enforcement? Bounty hunting under the Dodd-Frank Act’s whistleblower provisions. Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 17(4), 1023–1062.

Blume, L., & Voigt, S. (2011). Does organizational design of supreme audit institutions matter? A cross-country assessment. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(2), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.07.001

Blumkin, T., & Gradstein, M. (2002). Transparency Gloves for Grabbing Hands? Politics and (Mis)Governance. 3668.

Blundell-Wignall, A. (2016). The MNE Guidelines at 40: Implementation Still Matters. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The OECD Observer, 308, 1O,2O,3O,4O.

Blundo, G. (2007). Hidden Acts, Open Talks: How Anthropology Can ‘Observe’ and Describe Corruption. In M. Nuijten & G. Anders (Eds.), Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective. Ashgate.

Blundo, G., & Olivier de Sardan, J.-P. (Eds.). (2006a). Everyday corruption and the state: Citizens and public officials in Africa. David Philip.

Blundo, G., & Olivier de Sardan, J.-P. (2006b). Why Should We Study Everyday Corruption and How Should We Go About It? In J.-P. Olivier de Sardan & G. Blundo (Eds.), Everyday corruption and the state: Citizens and public officials in Africa. David Philip.

Blyschak, P. (2014). Corporate liability for foreign corrupt practices under Canadian Law. McGill Law Journal, 59(3), 655–679.

Boas, T. C., Hidalgo, F. D., & Melo, M. A. (2018). Norms versus Action: Why Voters Fail to Sanction Malfeasance in Brazil. American Journal of Political Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12413

92 

 

Bobkova, N., & Egbert, H. (2013). Corruption investigated in the lab: A survey of the experimental literature. International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences, 2(4), 337–349.

Bobonis, G. J., & Camara Fuertes, L. R. (2015). Challenging Corrupt Politicians? Audits, Electoral Selection, and Accountability in Municipal Elections. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Challenging+Corrupt+Politicians%3F+Audits%2C+Electoral+Selection%2C+and+Accountability+in+Municipal+Elections&btnG=&as_sdt=1%2C22&as_sdtp=#

Bobonis, G. J., Cámara Fuertes, L. R., & Schwabe, R. (2016). Monitoring Corruptible Politicians. American Economic Review, 106(8), 2371–2405. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130874

Bocarejo, D. (2018). Thinking with (Il)legality: The Ethics of Living with Bonanzas. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S48–S59. https://doi.org/10.1086/696160

Boda, Z., & Medve-Bálint, G. (2017). How perceptions and personal contact matter: The individual-level determinants of trust in police in Hungary. Policing & Society, 27(7), 732–749. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2015.1053479

Bodenschatz, A., & Irlenbusch, B. (2018). Do two bribe less than one? – An experimental study on the four-eyes-principle. Applied Economics Letters, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1456644

Bodislav, D.-A., Rotaru, C., & Georgescu, R. (2016). Globalization of the corruption phenomenon – human capital gone wild. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 3, 163–176.

Bodruzic, D. (2016). Vice or coping mechanism? Bridging political science and anthropological approaches to the study of corruption. Critique of Anthropology, 36(4), 363–379. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X16654552

Boehm, Frédéric. (2008). Risks and Challenges of Corruption in Developing Countries’ Infrastructures. Network Industries Quarterly, 10(2), 4–6.

Boehm, Frédéric. (2009). Anti-corruption in regulation-a safeguard for infrastructure reforms. Competition & Reg. Network Indus., 10, 45.

Boehm, Frédéric. (2011). Is there an anti-corruption agenda in regulation? Insights from Colombian and Zambian water regulation. In S. Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (p. 299). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QbZEbihNOfUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA299&dq=Boehm,+Frederic.+2011.+%E2%80%9CIs+There+an+Anti-Corruption+Agenda+in+Regulation%3F+Insights+from+Colombian+and+Zambian+Water+Regulation,%E2%80

93 

 

%9D+in+Susan+Rose-Ackerman+%26+Tina+Soreide+eds.,+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption+II+(Edward+Elgar+Publishi&ots=dGIjHReHVY&sig=aQQthlgrOchZE6-6M5D5ir1WB7M

Boehm, Frédéric, & Olaya, J. (2006). Corruption in Public Contracting Auctions: The Role of Transparency in Bidding Processes. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 77(4), 431–452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.2006.00314.x

Boehm, Frederic, Olaya, J., & Polanco, J. (2005). Privatization and Corruption. In E. U. von (Ernst U. Weizsäcker, O. R. Young, M. Finger, & Club of Rome (Eds.), Limits to privatization: How to avoid too much of a good thing: A report to the Club of Rome. Earthscan.

Boerner, K., & Hainz, C. (2009). The political economy of corruption and the role of economic opportunities 1. Economics of Transition, 17(2), 213–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.2009.00354.x

Boersma, M. (2012). Corruption: A violation of human rights and a crime under international law? Intersentia.

Boersma, M., & Nelen, H. (Eds.). (2010). Corruption & Human Rights: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Intersentia.

Boettke, P., Chamlee-Wright, E., Gordon, P., Ikeda, S., Leeson, P. T., & Sobel, R. (2007). The political, economic, and social aspects of Katrina.(Symposium)(Author abstract)(Report). Southern Economic Journal, 74(2), 363.

Boffa, F., Piolatto, A., & Ponzetto, G. (2016). Political Centralization and Government Accountability*. Quarterly Journal of Economics; Q.J.Econ., 131(1), 381–422. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv035

Bohara, A. K., Mitchell, N. J., & Mittendorff, C. F. (2004). Compound Democracy and the Control of Corruption: A Cross‐Country Investigation. Policy Studies Journal, 32(4), 481–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2004.00077.x

Bohn, F. (2013). Grand corruption instead of commitment? Reconsidering time-inconsistency of monetary policy. Journal of International Money and Finance, 32(C), 478–490.

Bohn, S. (2013). Justifying Corrupt Exchanges: Rational-Choice Corruptors. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 159–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0166-5

Bojnec, S., & Ferto, I. (2017). Effects of Globalization and Corruption on the Outward FDI in OECD Countries. Ekonomicky Casopis, 65(3), 201–219.

Bokor, T. (2018). Wood for the trees: Perception of corruption among Hungarian youth. Society

94 

 

and Economy, 40(3), 377–387. https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2018.40.3.5

Bolcha, P., & Rovný, J. (2016). Luck or luxury? Possible corruption in the car registration process in the Czech Republic. Journal of Public Policy, 36(4), 603–638. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X15000276

Boles, J. (2014). Examining the Lax Treatment of Commercial Bribery in the United States: A Prescription for Reform. American Business Law Journal, 51(1), 119–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/ablj.12020

Bolgorian, M. (2011). Corruption and stock market development: A quantitative approach. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 390(23), 4514–4521.

Bologna, J. (2014). Is the Internet an effective mechanism for reducing corruption experience? Evidence from a cross-section of countries. APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS, 21(10), 687–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.884692

Bologna, J. (2017). Corruption, Product Market Competition, And Institutional Quality: Empirical Evidence From The Us States. Economic Inquiry, 55(1), 137–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12378

Bologna, Jamie. (2016). The Effect of Informal Employment and Corruption on Income Levels in Brazil. Journal of Comparative Economics, 44(3), 657–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.12.001

Bologna, Jamie. (2017). Contagious corruption, informal employment, and income: Evidence from Brazilian municipalities. The Annals of Regional Science, 58(1), 67–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-016-0786-1

Bologna, Jamie, & Ross, A. (2015). Corruption and entrepreneurship: Evidence from Brazilian municipalities. Public Choice, 165(1), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0292-5

Bologna Pavlik, J. (2018). Corruption: The good, the bad, and the uncertain. Review of Development Economics, 22(1), 311–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12343

Bologna Pavlik, J., & Ross, A. (2020). Resource Shocks, Corruption, and Local Business in Africa. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3688541

Bolongaita, E. P. (2005). Controlling corruption in post-conflict countries (No. 26; Kroc Institute Occasional Paper). Kroc Institute.

Bolongaita, E. P. (2010). An Exception to the Rule? Why Indonesia’s Anti-Corruption Commission Succeeds Where Others Don’t – A Comparison with the Philippines Ombudsman. Anti-Corruption Research Centre U4, Bergen (Norway).

Boly, A. (2011). On the incentive effects of monitoring: Evidence from the lab and the field.

95 

 

Experimental Economics, 14(2), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-010-9265-1

Boly, A., & Gillanders, R. (2018). Anti-corruption policy making, discretionary power and institutional quality: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 152, 314–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.05.007

Boly, A., Gillanders, R., & Miettinen, T. (2019). Deterrence, Contagion, and Legitimacy in Anticorruption Policy Making: An Experimental Analysis. Journal of Legal Studies, 48(2), 275–305. https://doi.org/10.1086/703128

Bonaglia, F., Braga de Macedo, J., & Bussolo, M. (2001). How Globalisation Improves Governance. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Bond, P. (2008). Persistent Court Corruption. Economic Journal, 118(531), 1333–1353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02172.x

Bond, S. E. (2018). The Corrupting Sea: Law, Violence and Compulsory Professions in Late Antiquity. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-4

Bondarenko, O. S., Pakhomov, V. V., Saulyak, S. V., & Dumchikov, M. O. (2019). Relevant issues of the criminal liability of the private doctors for corruption crimes. Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 72(7), 1354–1358.

Bonell, M. J., & Meyer, O. (Eds.). (2015). The Impact of Corruption on International Commercial Contracts (Vol. 11). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19054-9

Bonga, W. G. (2014). An Empirical Investigation of the Nature of Corruption in Zimbabwe.

Bonilla-Chacin, M. E., Murrugarra, E., & Temourov, M. (2005). Health Care during Transition and Health Systems Reform: Evidence from the Poorest CIS Countries. Social Policy & Administration, 39(4), 381–408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2005.00446.x

Bonneau, J. (2011). Combating foreign bribery: Legislative reform in the United Kingdom and prospects for increased global enforcement. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 49(2).

Bonnet, C., Dubois, P., Martimort, D., & Straub, S. (2012). Empirical Evidence on Satisfaction with Privatization in Latin America. World Bank Economic Review, 26(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr037

Bonstead, C. (2014). Removing the Fcpa Facilitation Payments Exception: Enforcement Tools for a Cleaner Business as Usual. Houston Journal of International Law, 36(2), 503–533.

96 

 

Bonvin, B. (2008). Corruption: Between Perception and Victimization: Policy Implications for National Authorities and the Development Community. In Challenging Common Assumptions on Corruption and Democratisation: Key Recommendations and Guiding Principles. Swiss Agency for International Development.

Booth, D., & Golooba-Mutebi, F. (2012). Developmental patrimonialism? The case of Rwanda. African Affairs, 111(444), 379–403. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ads026

Booth, J. A. (2009). The legitimacy puzzle in Latin America: Political support and democracy in eight nations. Cambridge University Press.

Boräng, F., Jagers, S., & Povitkina, M. (2016). Political determinants of electricity provision in small island developing states. Energy Policy, 98, 725.

Borcan, O., Lindahl, M., & Mitrut, A. (2014). The Impact of an Unexpected Wage Cut on Corruption: Evidence from a “Xeroxed” Exam. Journal of Public Economics, 120(Journal Article), 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.08.003

Borcan, O., Lindahl, M., Mitrut, A., Borcan, O., Lindahl, M., & Mitrut, A. (2017). Fighting Corruption in Education: What Works and Who Benefits? American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, 9(1), 180–209. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20150074

Border, K., & Sobel, J. (1987). Samurai accountant—A theory of auditing and plunder. Review of Economic Studies, liv(180), 525–540.

Borges, M., Gans-Morse, J., Makarin, A., Nickow, A., Prasad, M., Watters, V., Mannah-Blankson, T., & Zhang, D. (2017). Combatting Corruption Among Civil Servants. https://www.iie.org:443/en/Research-and-Insights/Publications/DFG-NU-LitReviewPublication

Borghesi, R. (2008). Widespread corruption in sports gambling: Fact or fiction? Southern Economic Journal, 1063–1069.

Borisov, A., Goldman, E., & Gupta, N. (2016). The Corporate Value of (Corrupt) Lobbying. The Review of Financial Studies, 29(4), 1039–1071. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhv048

Borisova, E. A. (2014). An Analysis of the Mechanisms of the Social Control of Corruption in the Higher Education System. Russian Education & Society, 56(4), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.2753/RES1060-9393560402

Borja, K. (2017). Corruption Indicators, Foreign Capital, And Economic Growth In Developing Countries. The Journal of Developing Areas, 51(4), 95–107.

Borja, K. (2020). Remittances, Corruption, and Human Development in Latin America. Studies in Comparative International Development, 55(3), 305–327.

97 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-020-09299-1

Borlea, S. N., Achim, M. V., & Rus, I. D. (2019). Behavioural Determinants of Corruption. A Cross-Country Survey. Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldiş, Arad - Seria Ştiinţe Economice, 29(1), 21–39.

Borlini, L. S. (n.d.). Are Traditional Mechanisms of International Cooperation Effective in Combating Corruption? Three Case Examples. Diritto Del Commercio Internazionale. Retrieved September 8, 2020, from https://www.academia.edu/22005267/Are_Traditional_Mechanisms_of_International_Cooperation_Effective_in_Combating_Corruption_Three_Case_Examples

Borooah, V. K. (2016). Deconstructing Corruption: A Study of Cash for Favours in Rural India. Journal of South Asian Development, 11(1), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973174115624773

Borošak, M., & Šumah, Š. (2019). The influence of demographic indicators on corruption perception in Slovenia. Academicus : International Scientific Journal, MMXIX(20), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2019.20.06

Borsky, S., & Kalkschmied, K. (2019). Corruption in space: A closer look at the world’s subnations. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.05.004

Borz, G. (2019). Combating corruption in Europe: A stimulus–response approach. European Political Science: EPS, 18(2), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-018-0151-1

Borzel, T. A., & Hullen, V. (2014). State-Building and the European Union’s Fight against Corruption in the Southern Caucasus: Why Legitimacy Matters. Governance, 27(4), 613–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12068

Börzel, T. A., & Hüllen, V. van. (2011). Good governance and bad neighbors? The limits of the transformative power of Europe. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-371310

Börzel, T. A., & Langbein, J. (2019). Core–periphery disparities in Europe: Is there a link between political and economic divergence? West European Politics, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2018.1558534

Börzel, Tanjaa., & Pamuk, Y. (2012). Pathologies of Europeanisation: Fighting Corruption in the Southern Caucasus. West European Politics, 35(1), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2012.631315

Börzel, Tanjaa., Stahn, A., & Pamuk, Y. (2010). The European Union and the fight against corruption in its near abroad: Can it make a difference? Global Crime, 11(2), 122–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669142

98 

 

Boschini, A. D., Pettersson, J., & Roine, J. (2007). Resource Curse or Not: A Question of Appropriability*. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 109(3), 593–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2007.00509.x

Boschini, A., Pettersson, J., & Roine, J. (2013). The Resource Curse and its Potential Reversal. World Development, 43, 19–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.10.007

Bosco, B. (2016). Old and new factors affecting corruption in Europe: Evidence from panel data. Economic Analysis and Policy, 51(Journal Article), 66–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2016.06.002

Bose, F. (2019). An Economic and Public Policy View of Demonetization in India. Society, 56(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-018-00322-9

Bose, G. (2004). Bureaucratic delays and bribe-taking. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 54(3), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(03)00088-X

Bose, G. (2010). Aspects of bureaucratic corruption (UNSW Australian School of Business Research Paper).

Bose, G., & Gangopadhyay, S. (2009). Intermediation in corruption markets. Indian Growth and Development Review, 2(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538250910953453

Bose, N., Capasso, S., & Murshid, A. P. (2008). Threshold Effects of Corruption: Theory and Evidence. World Development, 36(7), 1173–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.06.022

Bose, P. (1995). Industrial Licensing, Bribery and Allocation Efficiency. Bulletin of Economic Research, 47(1), 85–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1995.tb00603.x

Bose, P., & Echazu, L. (2007). Corruption with heterogeneous enforcement agents in the shadow economy.(Author abstract). Journal of Institutional & Theoretical Economics, 163(2), 285.

Bostock, W. (2012). The Effects of Corruption on the Collective Mental State of Organisations. GSTF Journal of Law and Social Sciences (JLSS), 1(2), 69–73.

Boswell, N. Z. (1996a). Combating Corruption: Are International Institutions Doing Their Job? Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 90, 98–105.

Boswell, N. Z. (1996b). Combating Corruption: Focus on Latin America. 3, 179–487.

Boswell, N. Z. (1997). An emerging consensus on controlling corruption. Journal of International Economic Law, 18(4), 1165–1176.

Boswell, N. Z. (1999). The law, expectation and reality in the marketplace: The problems of and responses to corruption. Law and Policy in International Business, 30, 139–145.

99 

 

Boța-Avram, C. (2013). Effects Of Governance On Corporate Ethics: A Cross-Country Investigation. Romanian Economic Journal, 50, 3–26.

Boţa-Avram, C. (2013). Linking Governance to Efficacy of Corporate Boards: A Global Perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 1073–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.581

Bota-Avram, C. (2014). Good Governance and Doing Business: Evidence from a Cross-Country Survey. Transylvanian Review Of Administrative Sciences, 41E, 27–45.

Botello, N. A. (2000). “Everything in This Job Is Money”: Inside the Mexican police. World Policy Journal, 17(3), 61–67.

Botero, J., Ponce, A., & Shleifer, A. (2013). Education, Complaints, and Accountability. Journal of Law and Economics, 56(4), 959–996. https://doi.org/10.1086/674133

Botero, S., Cornejo, R. C., Gamboa, L., Pavao, N., & Nickerson, D. W. (2015). Says Who? An Experiment on Allegations of Corruption and Credibility of Sources. 68(3), 493–504. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912915591607

Boubakri, N., Cosset, J.-C., & Saffar, W. (2012). The Impact of Political Connections on Firms’ Operating Performance and Financing Decisions. Journal of Financial Research, 35(3), 397–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.2012.01322.x

Boubakri, N., Cosset, J.-C., & Smaoui, H. (2009). Does Privatization Foster Changes in the Quality of Legal Institutions? Journal of Financial Research, 32(2), 169–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.2009.01247.x

Boubakri, N., Guedhami, O., Mishra, D., & Saffar, W. (2012). Political connections and the cost of equity capital. Journal of Corporate Finance, 18(3), 541–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2012.02.005

Bouchard, M., Kohler, J. C., Orbinski, J., & Howard, A. (2012). Corruption in the health care sector: A barrier to access of orthopaedic care and medical devices in Uganda. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 12, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-12-5

Boucher, A., Durch, W., Midyette, M., Rose, S., & Terry, J. (2007). Mapping and Fighting Corruption in War-Torn States.

Bouchoucha, N., & Benammou, S. (2020). Does Institutional Quality Matter Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence from African Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 11(1), 390–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-018-0552-y

Boudreaux, C. J. (2014). Jumping off of the Great Gatsby curve: How institutions facilitate entrepreneurship and intergenerational mobility. Journal of Institutional Economics, 10(02), 231–255. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137414000034

100 

 

Boudreaux, C. J., Nikolaev, B. N., & Holcombe, R. G. (2017). Corruption and destructive entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9927-x

Bouët, A., & Roy, D. (2012). Trade protection and tax evasion: Evidence from Kenya, Mauritius, and Nigeria. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 21(2), 287–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2010.484503

Bougatef, K. (2015). The impact of corruption on the soundness of Islamic banks. Borsa Istanbul Review, 15(4), 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2015.08.001

Bougatef, K. (2016). How corruption affects loan portfolio quality in emerging markets? Journal of Financial Crime, 23(4), 769–785. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2015-0021

Boutros, A., & Funk, T. (2018). Re-Examining “Carbon Copy” Prosecutions: A Look Back and Spring Forward. Defense Counsel Journal, 85(3), 1–10.

Boutros, A. S., & Funk, M. (2012). “Carbon copy” prosecutions: A growing anticorruption phenomenon in a shrinking world. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 259–298.

Bovaird, T., & Loffler, E. (2003). Evaluating the Quality of Public Governance: Indicators, Models and Methodologies. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 69(3), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852303693002

Bovi, M., & Dell’Anno, R. (2010). The changing nature of the OECD shadow economy. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 20(1), 19–48.

Bowen, P. A., Edwards, P. J., & Cattell, K. (2012). Corruption in the South African construction industry: A thematic analysis of verbatim comments from survey participants. Construction Management and Economics, 30(10), 885–901. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2012.711909

Bowers, J. (Ed.). (2007). Whistleblowing: Law and practice. Oxford University Press.

Bowler, S., & Karp, J. (2004). Politicians, Scandals, and Trust in Government. Political Behavior, 26(3), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:POBE.0000043456.87303.3a

Bowles, R., & Garoupa, N. (1997). Casual police corruption and the economics of crime. International Review of Law & Economics, 17(1), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8188(96)00056-7

Bowling, C. (2019). Corruption and FTAs: Does an Implicit Cause of Action Exist for Corruption Claims in ISDs? (foreign trade agreements, investor-state dispute settlement). New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 51(3), 952.

Bowman, C. G. (1991). “We Don’t Want Anybody Anybody Sent”: The Death of Patronage Hiring in Chicago. Northwestern University Law Review, 86(1), 12–47.

101 

 

Bowornwathana, B. (2004). Thaksin’s model of government reform: Prime Ministerialisation through “a country is my company” approach. Asian Journal of Political Science, 12(1), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370408434237

Bowser, D. (2001). Corruption, Trust, and the Danger to Democratisation in the Former Soviet Union. In D. Lovell (Ed.), The Transition: Essays on Post-Communism. Ashgate.

Boyce, J. K., & Ndikumana, L. (2001). Is Africa a Net Creditor? New Estimates of Capital Flight from Severely Indebted Sub-Saharan African Countries, 1970-96. Journal of Development Studies, 38(2), 27–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380412331322261

Boyd, B. M. (2005). Governmental Corruption in China: Application of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Santa Clara Journal of International Law, 3, 235-.

Boylan, R., & Long, C. (2003). Measuring public corruption in the American states: A survey of State House reporters. State Politics and Policy Quarterly, 3(4), 420–438.

Boylan, S. P. (1995). Organized Crime and Corruption in Russia: Implications for US and International Law. Fordham Int’l LJ, 19, 1999.

Bracking, S. (2007). Political Development and Corruption: Why ‘Right Here, Right Now!’? In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and development: The anti-corruption campaigns (pp. 3–27). Palgrave Macmillan.

Bracking, S. (2015). Corruption and Development: The Mutable Edges of Morality in Modern Markets. In Paul M Heywood (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption. Routledge.

Bracking, S. (2018). Corruption & State Capture: What Can Citizens Do? Daedalus, 147(3), 169–183. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00509

Brada, J. C., Drabek, Z., & Perez, M. F. (2012). The Effect of Home-country and Host-country Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment: Effect of Corruption on FDI. Review of Development Economics, 16(4), 640–663. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12009

Brademas, J., & Heimann, F. (1998). Tackling international corruption: No longer taboo. Foreign Affairs, 77(5), 17–22.

Bradley, C. (1988). Mail Fraud After McNally And Carpenter: The Essence Of Fraud. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 79(3), 573–622.

Braendle, U. C., Gasser, T., & Noll, J. (2005). Corporate Governance in China—Is Economic Growth Potential Hindered by Guanxi? Business and Society Review, 110(4), 389–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0045-3609.2005.00022.x

Braguinsky, S., & Mityakov, S. (2015). Foreign corporations and the culture of transparency:

102 

 

Evidence from Russian administrative data. Journal of Financial Economics; J.Financ.Econ., 117(1), 139–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.02.016

Braguinsky, Serguey. (1996). Corruption and Schumpeterian Growth in Different Economic Environments. Contemporary Economic Policy, 14(3), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00620.x

Braguinsky, Serguey, Mityakov, S., & Liscovich, A. (2014). Direct Estimation of Hidden Earnings: Evidence from Russian Administrative Data. Journal of Law and Economics, 57(2), 281–319. https://doi.org/10.1086/675943

Braithwaite, J. (1982). Enforced Self-Regulation: A New Strategy for Corporate Crime Control. Michigan Law Review, 80(7), 1466–1507. https://doi.org/10.2307/1288556

Braithwaite, J. (2000). Global business regulation. Cambridge University Press.

Branco, M. C., & Delgado, C. (2012). Business, social responsibility, and corruption. Journal of Public Affairs, 12(4), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1426

Branco, M. C., Delgado, C., & Turker, D. (2019). Liability of foreignness and anti-corruption reporting in an emerging market: The case of Turkish listed companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232, 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.367

Branco, M. C., & Matos, D. (2016). The fight against corruption in Portugal: Evidence from sustainability reports. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(1), 132–142.

Branisa, B., & Ziegler, M. (2010). Reexamining the link between gender and corruption: The role of social institutions. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Branstetter, J. (2005). Darleen Druyun: An Evolving Case Study of Corruption, Power, and Procurement. Public Contract Law Journal, 34(3), 443–468.

Braşoveanu, I. V. (2010). Underground Economy and Corruption: The Major Problems of the Romanian Economy. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 11(11), 91–102.

Brass, D. J., Butterfield, K. D., & Skaggs, B. C. (1998). Relationships and Unethical Behavior: A Social Network Perspective. The Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 14–31.

Bratsis, P. (2003). The Construction of Corruption, or Rules of Separation and Illusions of Purity in Bourgeois Societies. Social Text, 21(4 77), 9–33. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-21-4_77-9

Bratsis, Peter. (2014). Political Corruption in the Age of Transnational Capitalism. Historical Materialism, 22(1), 105–128. https://doi.org/10.1163/1569206X-12341334

Bratton, M. (2007a). Are you being served?: Popular satisfaction with health and education services in africa (Afrobarometer).

103 

 

Bratton, M. (2007b). The Democracy Barometers: Formal versus Informal Institutions in Africa. Journal of Democracy, 18(3), 96–110.

Bratton, M. (2008). Vote buying and violence in Nigerian election campaigns. Electoral Studies, 27(4), 621–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2008.04.013

Bratu, R., & Kažoka, I. (2018). Metaphors of corruption in the news media coverage of seven European countries. European Journal of Communication, 33(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323117750695

Bratu, R., Sotiropoulos, D. A., & Stoyanova, M. (2017). Through the Lens of Social Constructionism: The Development of Innovative Anti-Corruption Policies and Practices in Bulgaria, Greece and Romania, 2000–2015. The Slavonic and East European Review, 95(1), 117–150. https://doi.org/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.95.1.0117

Braun, M., & Di Tella, R. (2004). Inflation, Inflation Variability, and Corruption. Economics & Politics, 16(1), 77–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2004.00132.x

Brautigam, D. A., & Knack, S. (2004). Foreign Aid, Institutions, and Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 52(2), 255–285. https://doi.org/10.1086/380592

Bray, J. (2005). The Use of Intermediaries and Other Alternatives to Bribery. In J. Lambsdorff, M. Taube, & M. Schramm (Eds.), The new institutional economics of corruption. Routledge.

Bray, J. (2006). Agents, Consultants and Joint-Venture Partners in International Business Transactions. In B. Errath (Ed.), Business Against Corruption—Case Stories and Examples (Vol. 1, pp. 108–118). United Nations Global Compact OFfice.

Bray-Watkins, S. (2019). Breaking the silence: Sexual coercion and abuse in post-conflict education. Forced Migration Review, 60, 13–15.

Brazys, S. (2016). Aid and Governance: Negative Returns? European Journal Of Development Research, 28(2), 294–313. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2014.77

Breedon, K., & Bryant, C. (2019). Counting the Votes: Electronic Voting Irregularities, Election Integrity, and Public Corruption.(Barriers at the Ballot Box Symposium Issue). The University of Memphis Law Review, 49(4), 1017.

Breen, M., & Gillanders, R. (2012). Corruption, Institutions and Regulation. Economics of Governance, 13(3), 263–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-012-0111-0

Breen, M., & Gillanders, R. (2015). Political Trust, Corruption, and Ratings of the IMF and the World Bank. International Interactions, 41(2), 337–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2014.948154

104 

 

Breit, E., Lennerfors, T. T., & Olaison, L. (2016). Critiquing corruption: A turn to theory (special issue editorial). Journal Article.

Breslin, T. P., & Samanta, S. K. (2008). Investment Flows, Economic Growth, and Corruption in African Countries: An Analysis. Journal of African Business, 9(2), 287–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228910802480032

Breusch, T. (2005). Estimating the Underground Economy, Using MIMIC Models. Working Paper, National University of Australia, Canberra, Australia. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/9310351.pdf

Breusch, T. (2006). The Canadian Underground Economy: An Examination of Giles and Tedds (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 876661). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=876661

Brew, P., & Moberg, J. (2006). The Power of Joining Forces – the Case for Collective Action in Fighting CorruptionAgents, Consultants and Joint-Venture Partners in International Business Transactions. In B. Errath (Ed.), Business Against Corruption—Case Stories and Examples (Vol. 1, pp. 128–133). United Nations Global Compact OFfice.

Brewer, G., Choi, Y., & Walker, R. (2007). Accountability, Corruption and Government Effectiveness in Asia: An Exploration of World Bank Governance Indicators. 8(2), 200–225.

Brewster, R. (2014). The domestic and international enforcement of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (Symposium: ’The Economic Foundations of International Law’). Chicago Journal of International Law, 15(1), 84–109.

Brewster, R., & Buell, S. (2017a). The Market For Global Anticorruption Enforcement. Law and Contemporary Problems, 80(1), 193.

Brewster, R., & Buell, S. W. (2017b). The Market for Global Anticorruption Enforcement (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2947664). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2947664

Brianzoni, S., Coppier, R., & Michetti, E. (2015). Multiple equilibria in a discrete time growth model with corruption in public procurement. Quality & Quantity; Qual.Quant., 49(6), 2387–2410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-014-0119-3

Brianzoni, Serena, Campisi, G., & Russo, A. (2018). Corruption and economic growth with non constant labor force growth. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 58, 202–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2017.07.007

Brianzoni, Serena, Coppier, R., & Michetti, E. (2011). Complex Dynamics in a Growth Model

105 

 

with Corruption in Public Procurement. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2011, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/862396

Bridges, M. (1993). Release the gags: The Hatch Act and current legislative reform—Another voice for reform. Capital University Law Review, 22(1), 237–278.

Brief, A. P., Buttram, R. T., & Dukerich, J. M. (2001). Collective Corruption in the Corporate World: Toward a Process Model. In M. E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Theory and research (pp. 471–499). L. Erlbaum.

Brierley, S. (2013). Buying Votes or Buying Time? Gift Giving as an Extension of the Political Party Network in Ghana (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2253550). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2253550

Brierley, S. (2018). Combining Patronage and Merit in Public Sector Recruitment (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3326874). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3326874

Brierley, S. (2020). Unprincipled Principals: Co‐opted Bureaucrats and Corruption in Ghana. American Journal of Political Science, 64(2), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12495

Briffault, R. M. (2001). Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC: the beginning of the end of the Buckley era?(Freedom of Expressive Association). Minnesota Law Review, 85(6), 1729–1771.

Brinegar, A. (2003). Political reformers and anti-corruption preferences in Latin America [Working Paper].

Brinegar, A. (2009a). Evaluating Citizen Attitudes about Corruption in Chile. In C. H. Blake & S. D. Morris (Eds.), Corruption and democracy in Latin America (pp. 131–149). University of Pittsburgh Press.

Brinegar, A. (2009b). Public Attitudes Toward Corruption. In C. H. Blake & S. D. Morris (Eds.), Corruption and democracy in Latin America (pp. 94–110). University of Pittsburgh Press.

Brinkerhoff, D. W. (2000). Assessing political will for anti‐corruption efforts: An analytic framework. Public Administration and Development, 20(3), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-162X(200008)20:3<239::AID-PAD138>3.0.CO

Brinkerhoff, D. W. (2010). Unpacking the concept of political will to confront corruption. U4 Brief, 1.

Brinkerhoff, D. W., & Goldsmith, A. A. (2005). Institutional dualism and international development.(foreign assistance, type of governance, corruption and responsibility).

106 

 

Administration & Society, 37(2), 199.

Brioschi, C. A. (2017). Corruption: A short history. Brookings Institution Press.

Brito-Bigott, O., Faría, H. J., Rodríguez, J. M., & Sánchez, A. (2008). Corruption and Complex Business Rules. Journal of Private Enterprise, 24(1), 1–21.

Broadhurst, R., & Wang, P. (2014). After the Bo Xilai Trial: Does corruption threaten China’s future? Survival, 56(3), 157–178.

Broadman, Harry, & Recanatini, F. (2001). Seeds of Corruption – Do Market Institutions Matter? MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies, 11(4), 359–392. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015264312632

Broadman, Harryg., & Recanatini, F. (2002). Corruption and Policy: Back to the Roots. The Journal of Policy Reform, 5(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/13841280212381

Brock, Gillian. (2018). How Should We Combat Corruption? Lessons from Theory and Practice. Ethics & International Affairs, 32(1), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679417000508

Brock, Gregory, & German-Soto, V. (2017). Regional industrial informality and efficiency in Mexico, 1990–2013. Journal of Policy Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2017.07.002

Brockington, D. (2008). Corruption, Taxation and Natural Resource Management in Tanzania. The Journal of Development Studies, 44(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380701722332

Brody, R., Coulter, J., & Lin, S. (1999). The Effect of National Culture on Whistle-Blowing Perceptions. Teaching Business Ethics, 3(4), 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009895700644

Brol, M. (2016). Institutional Determinants of Corruption. Ekonomia i Prawo, 15(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.12775/EiP.2016.002

Brollo, F. (2012). Why Do Voters Punish Corrupt Politicians? Evidence from the Brazilian Anti-corruption Program (Evidence from the Brazilian Anti-Corruption Program (May 30, 2012)).

Brollo, F., Nannicini, T., Perotti, R., & Tabellini, G. (2013). The Political Resource Curse. American Economic Review, 103(5), 1759–1796. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.5.1759

Brollo, F., & Troiano, U. (2016). What happens when a woman wins an election? Evidence from close races in Brazil. Journal of Development Economics, 122, 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.04.003

107 

 

Broms, R., Dahlström, C., & Fazekas, M. (2019). Political Competition and Public Procurement Outcomes. Comparative Political Studies, 0010414019830723. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019830723

Broms, R., & Rothstein, B. (2019). Religion and Institutional Quality: Long-Term Effects of the Financial Systems in Protestantism and Islam. Comparative Politics. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041520X15714522654104

Bronitt, S., & D’Amico, A. (2018). Fighting Cartels and Corporate Corruption - Public Versus Private Enforcement Models: A False Dichotomy? (Special Issue on Laura Guttuso’s Public-Private Competition Law Enforcement Model). University of Queensland Law Journal, 37(1), 69.

Brooks, A. (2002). Does civil society stop the downward spiral of bad government or speed it up? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31(1), 140–144.

Brooks, A. R. (2010). A Corporate Catch-22: How Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements Impede the Full Development of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Journal of Law, Economics & Policy, 7, 137–162.

Brophy, S. (2008). Mexico: Cartels, corruption and cocaine: A profile of the Gulf cartel. Global Crime, 9(3), 248–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440570802254353

Brouthers, L. E., Gao, Y., & Mcnicol, J. P. (2008). Corruption and market attractiveness influences on different types of FDI. Strategic Management Journal, 29(6), 673–680. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.669

Brown, A., & Bruerton, M. (2017). Sufficient, stable and secure? An exploratory comparative analysis of integrity agency financial resourcing. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(3), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9711-5

Brown, A., & Heinrich, F. (2017). National Integrity Systems – An evolving approach to anti-corruption policy evaluation. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(3), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9707-1

Brown, A. J. (2006). What are we Trying to Measure? Reviewing the Basics of Corruption Definition. In C. J. G. (Charles J. G. ) Sampford (Ed.), Measuring corruption (pp. 57–79). Ashgate.

Brown, D. S., Touchton, M., & Whitford, A. (2011). Political Polarization as a Constraint on Corruption: A Cross-national Comparison. World Development, 39(9), 1516–1529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.02.006

Brown, E., & Cloke, J. (2004). Neoliberal Reform, Governance and Corruption in the South: Assessing the International Anti‐Corruption Crusade. Antipode, 36(2), 272–294.

108 

 

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2004.00406.x

Brown, E., & Cloke, J. (2006). The critical business of corruption. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 2(4), 275–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/17422040610706622

Brown, E., & Cloke, J. (2011). Critical perspectives on corruption: An overview. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 7(2), 116–124. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1108/17422041111128203

Brown, E., Cloke, J., & Rocha, J. L. (2007). Governance, Neoliberalism and Corruption in Nicaragua. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and development: The anti-corruption campaigns (pp. 182–202). Palgrave Macmillan.

Brown, G. D. (1997). Should Federalism Shield Corruption? Mail Fraud, State Law and Post-Lopez Analysis. Cornell Law Review, 82, 225–1532.

Brown, G. D. (1998a). Stealth statute—Corruption, the spending power, and the rise of 18 U.S.C. 666. Notre Dame Law Review, 73(2), 247–313.

Brown, G. D. (1998b). The gratuities offense and the RICO approach to independent counsel jurisdiction. Georgetown Law Journal, 86(6), 2045–2075.

Brown, G. D. (1999). The ethics backlash and the Independent Counsel statute. Rutgers Law Review, 51(2), 433–491.

Brown, G. D. (2000). Putting Watergate behind us: Salinas, Sun-Diamond, and two views of the anticorruption model. Tulane Law Review, 74(3), 747–813.

Brown, G. D. (2003). New federalism’s unanswered question: Who should prosecute state and local officials for political corruption? Washington and Lee Law Review, 60(2), 417–511.

Brown, G. D. (2005). Carte Blanche: Federal prosecution of state and local officials after Sabri. Catholic University Law Review, 54(2), 403–443.

Brown, G. D. (2006). The gratuities debate and campaign reform: How strong is the link?(Public Corruption Symposium). Wayne Law Review, 52(4), 1371–1413.

Brown, G. D. (2015). Applying Citizens United to ordinary corruption: With a note on Blagojevich, McDonnell, and the criminalization of politics.(Abstract through II. The Court’s Jurisprudence in the Two Contexts and the Thesis That They Rest on Similar Premises B. The Supreme Court and Ordinary Corruption—Four Key Cases 3. The Hobbs Act Extortion Decisions and the Crucial Distinction Between the Electoral and Ordinary Corruption Contexts a. McCormick, p. 177-207). Notre Dame Law Review, 91(1), 177.

Brown, H. L. (n.d.). The Extraterritorial Reach of the US Government’s Campaign Against

109 

 

International Bribery’(1999). Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 407.

Brown, H. L. (1998). Parent-subsidiary liability under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Baylor Law Review, 50(1), 1–63.

Brown, H. L. (2001). Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Under the 1998 Amendments to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Does the Government’s Reach Now Exceed Its Grasp? North Carolina Journal of International Law & Commercial Regulation, 26, 239–360.

Brown, J. D., Earle, J. S., & Gehlbach, S. (2009). Helping Hand or Grabbing Hand? State Bureaucracy and Privatization Effectiveness. American Political Science Review, 103(2), 264–283. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409090182

Brown, J., & Loosemore, M. (2015). Behavioural factors influencing corrupt action in the Australian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(4), 372–389.

Brown, K. (2018). The Anti-Corruption Struggle in Xi Jinping’s China: An Alternative Political Narrative. Asian Affairs, 49(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2018.1416008

Brown, M. (2010). Limiting Corrupt Incentives in a Global REDD Regime. Ecology Law Quarterly, 37(1), 237. https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38HC41

Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595–616.

Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117–134.

Brown, N., Smith, J., White, R., & Zutter, C. (2019). Political Corruption and Firm Value in the U.S.: Do Rents and Monitoring Matter? Journal of Business Ethics, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04181-0

Brown, R. A. (2006). Indonesian corporations, cronyism, and corruption. Modern Asian Studies, 40(04), 953–992.

Brown, S. F., & Shackman, J. (2007). Corruption and Related Socioeconomic Factors: A Time Series Study. Kyklos, 60(3), 319–347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2007.00374.x

Bruckner, T. (2011). Accountability in international aid: The case of Georgia.

Brueckner, J. K. (2000). Fiscal decentralization in developing countries: The effects of local corruption and tax evasion. Annals of Economics and Finance, 1(1), 1–18.

Bruner, F.-H. (2006). European Union Initiatives in the Fight Against Corruption. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 31–44).

110 

 

Czernin.

Brunetti, A. A. O., Kisunko, G., & Weder, B. S. (1997). Institutional obstacles to doing business: Region-by-region results from a worldwide survey of the private sector (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper) [1759].

Brunetti, A., Kisunko, G., & Weder, B. (1998). Credibility of rules and economic growth: Evidence from a worldwide survey of the private sector. The World Bank Economic Review, 12(3), 353–384.

Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. (2003). A free press is bad news for corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 87(7), 1801–1824. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00186-4

Brunk, K. H. (2010). Exploring origins of ethical company/brand perceptions—A consumer perspective of corporate ethics. Journal of Business Research, 63(3), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.03.011

Brunnschweiler, C. N. (2008). Cursing the Blessings? Natural Resource Abundance, Institutions, and Economic Growth. World Development, 36(3), 399–419.

Brunnschweiler, C. N., & Bulte, E. H. (2008). The resource curse revisited and revised: A tale of paradoxes and red herrings. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 55(3), 248–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2007.08.004

Brusca, I., Manes Rossi, F., & Aversano, N. (2017). Accountability and Transparency to Fight against Corruption: An International Comparative Analysis. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2017.1393951

Brusco, V., Nazareno, M., & Stokes, S. C. (2004). Vote buying in Argentina. Latin American Research Review, 39(2), 66–88.

Bryant, C. E., & Javalgi, R. G. (2016). Global Economic Integration in Developing Countries: The Role of Corruption and Human Capital Investment. Journal Of Business Ethics, 136(3), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2490-3

Bubandt, N. (2006). Sorcery, corruption, and the dangers of democracy in Indonesia. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 12(2), 413–431.

Bubbico, A., Elkink, J., & Okolikj, M. (2017). Quality of government and regional competition: A spatial analysis of subnational regions in the European Union. European Journal Of Political Research, 56(4), 887–911. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12211

Buccirossi, P., & Spagnolo, G. (2006). Leniency policies and illegal transactions. Journal of Public Economics, 90(6), 1281–1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.09.008

111 

 

Buchanan, B. (2005). Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility: Combating Money Laundering in the Asia Pacific Region. In T. A. Fetherston & J. A. Batten (Eds.), Asia Pacific Financial Markets in Comparative Perspective: Issues and Implications for the 21st Century (pp. 435–452).

Buchanan, B. G., Le, Q. V., & Rishi, M. (2012). Foreign direct investment and institutional quality: Some empirical evidence. International Review of Financial Analysis, 21, 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2011.10.001

Büchner, S., Freytag, A., González, L., & Güth, W. (2008). Bribery and public procurement: An experimental study. Public Choice, 137(1), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-008-9315-9

Bucholz, R. O. (2018). Venality at court: Some preliminary thoughts on the sale of household office, 1660-1800. Historical Research, 91(251), 61–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.12213

Buckenmaier, J., Dimant, E., & Mittone, L. (2018). Effects of institutional history and leniency on collusive corruption and tax evasion. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.04.004

Buckenmaier, J., Dimant, E., Mittone, L., & others. (2016). Tax Evasion and Institutions. An Experiment on The Role of Principal Witness Regulations [Working Paper]. Philosophy, Politics and Economics, University of Pennsylvania. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/ppe-repec/ppc/wpaper/0007.pdf

Budak, J. (2007). Corruption in Croatia: Perceptions rise, problems remain. Croatian Economic Survey, 9, 35–68.

Budak, J., & Goel, R. K. (2004). Transition, governance and corruption. Economia Internazionale/International Economics, 57(4), 395–406.

Budak, J., & Rajh, E. (2014). Corruption as an obstacle for doing business in the Western Balkans: A business sector perspective. International Small Business Journal, 32(2), 140–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242613498882

Budak, J., & Vizek, M. (2015). The corruption mark-up: Is corruption cost incorporated in the prices of goods and services in emerging and developed countries? Post - Communist Economies, 27(2), 247.

Budhram, T. (2015). Intelligence-led policing: A proactive approach to combating corruption. SA Crime Quarterly, 52, 49–55. https://doi.org/10.4314/sacq.v52i1.5

Budsaratragoon, P., & Jitmaneeroj, B. (2020). A critique on the Corruption Perceptions Index: An interdisciplinary approach. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 70, 100768-.

112 

 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2019.100768

Buehler, M. (2016). Do You Have “Connections” at the Courthouse? An Original Survey on Informal Influence and Judicial Rulings in Morocco. Political Research Quarterly, 69(4), 760–772. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912916662358

Buehler, Michael. (2008). The rise of shari’a by-laws in Indonesian districts An indication for changing patterns of power accumulation and political corruption. South East Asia Research, 16(2), 255–285.

Buehler, Michael. (2011). Indonesia’s Law on Public Services: Changing state–society relations or continuing politics as usual? Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 47(1), 65–86.

Buehn, A., & Schneider, F. (2007). Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: Revised Estimates for 120 Countries. Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 1(2007–9), 1. https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2007-9

Buehn, A., & Schneider, F. (2012a). Corruption and the shadow economy: Like oil and vinegar, like water and fire? International Tax and Public Finance, 19(1), 172–194.

Buehn, A., & Schneider, F. (2012b). Shadow economies around the world: Novel insights, accepted knowledge, and new estimates. International Tax and Public Finance, 19(1), 139–171.

Bueno De Mesquita, B., & Smith, A. (2011). The dictator’s handbook: Why bad behavior is almost always good politics. PublicAffairs.

Bujko, M., Fischer, C., Krieger, T., & Meierrieks, D. (2016). How Institutions Shape Land Deals: The Role of Corruption. Homo Oeconomicus, 33(3), 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41412-016-0021-4

Bukh, A. (2016). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Criminalizing the Second Oldest Profession. Corporate Taxation, 43(3), 12–16.

Bukovansky, M. (2002). Corruption is bad: Normative dimensions of the anti-corruption movement.

Bukovansky, M. (2006). The hollowness of anti-corruption discourse. Review of International Political Economy, 13(2), 181–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290600625413

Bulanova, N. V., & Abramenko, A. A. (2019). Features of the Prosecutor’s Participation in Countering Corruption and the Problem of Optimizing its Criminal Procedure: The Experience of the Post-Soviet States. Astra Salvensis, V(12), 129–140.

Buligescu, B., & Peňa, H. E. (2020). Informal payments in Romanian health care system. A sample selection correction. Sociologie Românească, 18(2).

113 

 

https://doi.org/10.33788/sr.18.2.2

Bulkan, J. (2014). Forest Grabbing Through Forest Concession Practices: The Case of Guyana. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 33(4), 407–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2014.899502

Bull, M., & Heywood, P. (2019). Introduction: Towards a better understanding of corruption and anti-corruption. European Political Science: EPS, 18(2), 185–188. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-018-0152-0

Bull, M. J., & Newell, J. L. (1997). New avenues in the study of political corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3–4), 169–183.

Bulloch, H. C. M. (2017). Ambivalent moralities of cooperation and corruption: Local explanations for (under)development on a Philippine island. The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 28(1), 56–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/taja.12173

Bullough, O. (2018). The Dark Side Of Globalization. Journal of Democracy, 29(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0002

Bulovsky, A. (2019). Promoting Predictability in Business: Solutions for Overlapping Liability in International Anti-Corruption Enforcement. Michigan Journal of International Law, 40(3), 549–578.

Bulte, E., Damania, R., & Lopez, R. (2007). On the gains of committing to inefficiency: Corruption, deforestation and low land productivity in Latin America. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 54(3), 277–295.

Bulte, E. H., Damania, R., & Deacon, R. T. (2005). Resource Intensity, Institutions, and Development. World Development, 33(7), 1029–1044.

Bunn, M. (2009). Corruption and nuclear proliferation. In Corruption, Global Security, and World Order (pp. 124–166). Brookings Institution Press.

Buntaine, M. T., & Daniels, B. (2020). Combining bottom-up monitoring and top-down accountability: A field experiment on managing corruption in Uganda. Research & Politics, 7(3), 205316802093435-. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168020934350

Buquet, D., & Piñeiro, R. (2014). Corruption and Governance Improvement in Uruguay.

Buquet, D., & Piñeiro, R. (2016a). The Quest for Good Governance: Uruguay’s Shift from Clientelism. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 139–151.

Buquet, D., & Piñeiro, R. (2016b). Uruguay’s Shift from Clientelism. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 139–151.

Buraimo, B., Migali, G., & Simmons, R. (2016). An Analysis of Consumer Response to

114 

 

Corruption: Italy’s Calciopoli Scandal. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 78(1), 22.

Burak, L. J., & Vian, T. (2007). Examining and Predicting Under-the-Table Payments for Health Care in Albania: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(5), 1060–1076. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00199.x

Burduja, S. I., & Zaharia, R. M. (2019). Romanian Business Leaders’ Perceptions of Business-to-Business Corruption: Leading More Responsible Businesses? Sustainability, 11(20), 5548. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205548

Burganov, R., Dolonina, E., & Burganova, Z. (2020). Problems of Modeling the Relationship of Family Related Groups and the State in Political Rent-Seeking Society. SHS Web of Conferences, 76, 01039. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207601039

Burger, E. S., & Holland, M. (2008). Law as politics: The Russian procuracy and its Investigative Committee. Colum. JE Eur. L., 2, 143.

Burger, E. S., & Holland, M. (2016). Private-Sector Incentives for Fighting International Corruption. In S. Eicher (Ed.), Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity (pp. 163–174). CRC Press.

Burger, E. S., & Holland, M. S. (2006). Why the private sector is likely to lead the next stage in the global fight against corruption. Fordham Int’l LJ, 30, 45.

Burgess, R., Hansen, M., Olken, B. A., Potapov, P., & Sieber, S. (2012). The Political Economy of Deforestation in the Tropics. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127(4), 1707–1754. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs034

Burgeut, R., & Che, Y.-K. (2004). Competitive procurement with corruption.(microeconomic analysis). RAND Journal of Economics, 35(1), 50.

Burguet, R. (2017). Procurement Design with Corruption. American Economic Journal. Microeconomics, 9(2), 315–341. https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.20150105

Burke, T. F. (1997). The Concept of Corruption in Campaign Finance Law. Constitutional Commentary, 14, 127.

Burkhalter, H. (2012). Sex Trafficking, Law Enforcement and Perpetrator Accountability. Anti-Trafficking Review, 1. https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201217

Burlando, A., & Motta, A. (2016). Legalize, tax, and deter: Optimal enforcement policies for corruptible officials. Journal of Development Economics; J.Dev.Econ., 118(Journal Article), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.08.007

Burnham, T. A., Jeon, H. J., & Zeng, H. (2018). Illegal Corporate Bribery: The Pressure to

115 

 

“Make Do” And Achieve Goals. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 26(3), 246–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2018.1452616

Burton, R. A. (2005). Improving integrity in public procurement: The role of transparency and accountability. In Fighting Corruption and Promoting Integrity in Public Procurement (pp. 23–28).

Buscaglia, E. (1996). Corruption and judicial reform in Latin America. Policy Studies, 17(4), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442879608423713

Buscaglia, E. (2001). An analysis of judicial corruption and its causes: An objective governing-based approach. International Review of Law & Economics, 21(2), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8188(01)00058-8

Buscaglia, E. (2011). On best and not so good practices for addressing high-level corruption worldwide: An empirical assessment. In International handbook on the economics of corruption (p. 453).

Buscaglia, E., Gonzalez Ruiz, S., & Ratliff, W. (2005). Undermining the Foundations of Organized Crime and Public Sector Corruption. Essays in Public Policy, 114.

Buscema, M., Sacco, P., & Ferilli, G. (2016). Multidimensional Similarities at a Global Scale: An Approach to Mapping Open Society Orientations. Social Indicators Research, 128(3), 1239–1258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1077-4

Buscema, P., Gitto, L., Russo, S., Marcellusi, A., Fiori, F., Maurelli, G., Massini, G., & Mennini, F. (2017). The perception of corruption in health: AutoCM methods for an international comparison. Quality & Quantity, 51(1), 459–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-016-0315-4

Busenitz, L. W., Gomez, C., & Spencer, J. W. (2000). Country Institutional Profiles: Unlocking Entrepreneurial Phenomena. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 994–1003. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556423

Bushey, A. J. (2015). Second Generation Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption Programming Abroad: Comparing Existing U.S. Government and International Best Practices to Rachel Kleinfeld’s Advancing the Rule of Law Abroad: Next Generation Reform. Houston Journal of International Law, 37(1), 139–156.

Busse, L., Ishikawa, N., Mitra, M., Primmer, D., Surjadinata, K., & Yaveroglu, T. (1996). The perception of corruption: A market discipline approach.

Busse, M., & Gröning, S. (2013). The Resource Curse Revisited: Governance and Natural Resources. Public Choice, 154(1–2), 1–20.

Busse, M., & Hefeker, C. (2007). Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment.

116 

 

European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 397–415.

Busse, R., & Doganer, U. (2018). The role of compliance for organisational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(2), 334–351. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-05-2017-0163

Bussell, J. (2010). Why get technical? Corruption and the politics of public service reform in the Indian states. Comparative Political Studies, 43(10), 1230–1257. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010369073

Bussell, J. (2011). Explaining Cross‐National Variation in Government Adoption of New Technologies1. International Studies Quarterly, 55(1), 267–280.

Bussell, J. (2012a). Corruption and reform in India: Public services in the digital age. Cambridge University Press.

Bussell, J. (2012b). E-Governance and Corruption in the States: Can Technology Serve the Aam Aadmi? Economic & Political Weekly, 47(25), 77–85.

Bussell, J. (2013). Explaining Corruption: Electoral Competition and Varieties of Rent-Seeking in India. Working Paper.

Bussell, J. (2014). Varieties of Corruption: The Organization of Rent-Sharing in India.

Bussell, J. (2015). Typologies of Corruption: A Pragmatic Approach. In S. Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State (pp. 21–45). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Bussen, T. J. (2015). Midnight in the garden of ne bis in idem: The new urgency for an international enforcement mechanism. Cardozo Journal of International & Comparative Law, 23(3), 485–517.

Bussmann, K., & Niemeczek, A. (2019). Compliance Through Company Culture and Values: An International Study Based on the Example of Corruption Prevention. Journal of Business Ethics, 157(3), 797–811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3681-5

Butkiewicz, J. L., & Yanikkaya, H. (2006). Institutional quality and economic growth: Maintenance of the rule of law or democratic institutions, or both? Economic Modelling, 23(4), 648–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2006.03.004

Butkov, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. (2015). Foreign experience of increasing the level of anti-corruptive legal conscience in citizens. Aktualʹnye Problemy Èkonomiki i Prava, 9(1), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.09.2015.1.225-232

Butkov, Alexander V., & Ilyin, I. V. (2014). Problems of administrative legal provision of observing the anti-corruption legislation by the state and municipal workers and other

117 

 

persons defined by law. Aktualʹnye Problemy Èkonomiki i Prava, 8(2), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.08.2014.2.129-134

Butler, A. W., & Fauver, L. (2006). Institutional Environment and Sovereign Credit Ratings. Financial Management, 35(3), 53–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053X.2006.tb00147.x

Butler, A. W., Fauver, L., & Mortal, S. (2009). Corruption, Political Connections, and Municipal Finance. The Review of Financial Studies, 22(7), 2873–2905.

Butt, S. (2009a). Indonesia’s Anti-Corruption Drive and the Constitutional Court. Comparative Law Journal, 4(2), 186–204.

Butt, S. (2009b). ‘Unlawfulness’ and corruption under Indonesian law. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 45(2), 179–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910903040328

Butt, S. (2011). Anti-corruption reform in indonesia: An obituary? Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 47(3), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2011.619051

Butt, S., & Schütte, S. A. (2014). Assessing judicial performance in Indonesia: The court for corruption crimes. Crime, Law and Social Change, 62(5), 603–619.

Buttle, J. W., Graham Davies, S., & Meliala, A. E. (2016). A cultural constraints theory of police corruption: Understanding the persistence of police corruption in contemporary Indonesia. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 49(3), 437–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004865815573875

Button, M., Lewis, C., Shepherd, D., & Brooks, G. (2015). Fraud in overseas aid and the challenge of measurement. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(2), 184.

Buzurukov, B., & Lee, B. W. (2015). Determinants of Immigrant Apprehensions: The Case of U.S. Immigration. Economics, 9(39), 1–26.

Byington, J., & Mcgee, J. (2015). M&A Due Diligence: How to Uncover Corruption. The Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 26(4), 51–56.

Byrne, E., Arnold, A.-K., & Nagano, F. (2010). Building public support for anti-corruption efforts: Why anti-corruption agencies need to communicate and how (No. 54363; pp. 1–74). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/832251468332984868/Building-public-support-for-anti-corruption-efforts-why-anti-corruption-agencies-need-to-communicate-and-how

Byrne, E. F. (2014). Towards Enforceable Bans on Illicit Businesses: From Moral Relativism to Human Rights. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1619-0

118 

 

Byun, C. C., & Hollander, E. J. (2015). Explaining the Intensity of the Arab Spring. Digest of Middle East Studies, 24(1), 26–46.

Cabaravdic, A., Nilsson, M., Månsson, K., Bagley, M., & Klaesson, J. (2017). The Effect of Corruption on Economic Growth. http://hj.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1107921/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Cabelkova, I. (2001a). Entry Restrictions, Corruption and Extortion in the Context of Transition (CERGE-EI Working Paper Series).

Cabelkova, I. (2001b). Perceptions of Corruption in Ukraine: Are They Correct? IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Čábelková, I., & Hanousek, J. (2004). The power of negative thinking: Corruption, perception and willingness to bribe in Ukraine. Applied Economics, 36(4), 383–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840410001674303

Caciagli, M. (2006). The long life of Clientelism in southern Italy. In Juichi Kawata (Ed.), Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 157–170). Ashgate.

Cadot, O. (1987). Corruption as a gamble. Journal of Public Economics, 33(2), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(87)90075-2

Caeyers, B., & Dercon, S. (2012). Political connections and social networks in targeted transfer programs: Evidence from rural Ethiopia. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 60(4), 639–675.

Cagé, J. (2009). Asymmetric Information, Rent Extraction and Aid Efficiency [PSE Working Paper n2009-45].

Cai, H., Fang, H., & Xu, L. C. (2011). “Eat, Drink, Firms, Government: An Investigation of Corruption from Entertainment and Travel Costs of Chinese Firms.” Journal of Law and Economics, 54, 55–78.

Cai, H., & Treisman, D. (2004). State corroding federalism. Journal of Public Economics, 88(3), 819–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00220-7

Cai, H., & Treisman, D. (2005). Does Competition for Capital Discipline Governments? Decentralization, Globalization, and Public Policy. American Economic Review, 95(3), 817–830. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828054201314

Caiden, G. (1988). Toward a general theory of official corruption. Asian Journal of Public Administration, 10(1), 3–26.

Caiden, G., & Caiden, N. (1977). Administrative Corruption. Public Administration Review, 37(3), 301.

119 

 

Caiden, G. E. (2004). A cautionary tale: Ten major flaws in combating corruption.(Transparency and Developing Legal Frameworks to Combat Corruption in Latin America). Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas, 10(2), 269–293.

Caillier, J. (2010). Citizen Trust, Political Corruption, and Voting Behavior: Connecting the Dots. Politics & Policy, 38(5), 1015–1035.

Caillier, J. (2018). The Priming Effect of Corruption and Bureaucracy Bashing on Citizens’ Perceptions of an Agency’s Performance. Public Performance & Management Review, 41(2), 201–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2018.1431138

Cain, B. E. (2014). Is “dependence corruption” the solution to America’s campaign finance problems?(response to article by Lawrence Lessig in this issue, p. 1)(Brennan Center Jorde Symposium on Constitutional Law). California Law Review, 102(1), 37–47.

Cain, D. M., Loewenstein, G., & Moore, D. A. (2005). The dirt on coming clean: Perverse effects of disclosing conflicts of interest. The Journal of Legal Studies, 34(1), 1–25.

Çakır-Demirhan, D., & Demirhan, K. (2017). Political scandal, corruption, and legitimacy in the age of social media. IGI Global.

Calderón, C., & Chong, A. (2006). Do Democracies Breed Rent‐seeking Behavior? The Journal of Policy Reform, 9(4), 247–260.

Calderón, R., Álvarez-Arce, J. L., & Mayoral, S. (2009). Corporation as a Crucial Ally Against Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 319–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9796-y

Call, C., & Hallock, J. (2020). Too Much Success? The Legacy and Lessons of the International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3526865). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3526865

Callahan, W. A. (2005a). Social capital and corruption: Vote buying and the politics of reform in Thailand. Perspectives on Politics, 3(03), 495–508.

Callahan, W. A. (2005b). The discourse of vote buying and political reform in Thailand. Pacific Affairs, 78(1), 95–113.

Callen, M., Gulzar, S., Hasanain, A., Khan, Y., & Rezaee, A. (2015). Personalities and Public Sector Performance: Evidence from a Health Experiment in Pakistan (Working Paper No. 21180). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w21180

Callen, M. J., Gulzar, S., Hasanain, S. A., & Khan, M. Y. (2013). The political economy of public employee absence: Experimental evidence from Pakistan.

Callen, M., & Long, J. D. (2015). Institutional Corruption and Election Fraud: Evidence from a

120 

 

Field Experiment in Afghanistan. The American Economic Review, 105(1), 354–381. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20120427

Calli, P. A., & Short, C. P. (2014). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in a New Era. Florida Bar Journal, 88(8), 51.

Callister, D. J. (1999). Corrupt and Illegal Activities in the Forest Sector. World Bank.

Calomiris, C. W., Fisman, R., & Wang, Y. (2010). Profiting from government stakes in a command economy: Evidence from Chinese asset sales. Journal of Financial Economics, 96(3), 399–412.

Camacho, A., & Conover, E. (2011). Manipulation of Social Program Eligibility. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 3(2), 41–65. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.2.41

Camacho, L. (2006). Teaching ethics to employees of a state public utilities company in a developing country: A case study. Ethics & Economics, 4(2).

Camaj, L. (2013). The Media’s Role in Fighting Corruption. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 18(1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161212462741

Câmara, S., & Brasil, A. (2018). Influence of corruption on state-owned enterprise expenditures. Revista de Administração Pública, 52(4), 695–711. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612173631

Camerer, M. I. (2006). Measuring Public Integrity. Journal of Democracy, 17(1), 152–165.

Cameron, L., Chaudhuri, A., Erkal, N., & Gangadharan, L. (2009). Propensities to engage in and punish corrupt behavior: Experimental evidence from Australia, India, Indonesia and Singapore. Journal of Public Economics, 93(7), 843–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.03.004

Cammarosano, L. (1989). Application of the First Amendment to Political Patronage Employment Decisions. Fordham L. Rev., 58, 101.

Camp, E., Dixit, A., & Stokes, S. (2014). Catalyst or Cause? Legislation and the Demise of Machine Politics in Britain and the United States. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 39(4), 559–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12058

Campante, F. R., Chor, D., & Do, Q. (2009). Instability and the Incentives for Corruption. Economics & Politics, 21(1), 42–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2008.00335.x

Campante, F. R., & Do, Q.-A. (2014). Isolated capital cities, accountability, and corruption: Evidence from US states.(Author abstract). American Economic Review, 104(8), 2456–2481.

Campante, F. R., & Ferreira, F. H. G. (2007). Inefficient lobbying, populism and oligarchy.

121 

 

Journal of Public Economics, 91(5–6), 993–1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.12.006

Campbell, J. W. (2020). Buying the honor of thieves? Performance pay, political patronage, and corruption. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2020.100439

Campbell, J.-L., & Göritz, A. (2014). Culture Corrupts! A Qualitative Study of Organizational Culture in Corrupt Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 120(3), 291–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1665-7

Campbell, L. (2018). Corporate Liability and the Criminalisation of Failure. Law and Financial Markets Review, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2018.1446694

Campbell, L. (2019). Trying corporations: Why not prosecute? Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 31(2), 269–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2019.1613950

Campbell, N., & Saha, S. (2013). Corruption, democracy and Asia-Pacific countries. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 18(2), 290–303.

Campbell, S., Li, Y., Yu, J., & Zhang, Z. (2016). The Impact of Occupational Community on the Quality of Internal Control. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(2), 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2624-2

Campbell, S. V. (2013). Perception is not reality: The FCPA, Brazil, and the mismeasurement of corruption.(Foreign Corruption Practices Act). Minnesota Journal of International Law, 22(1), 247–281.

Campman, T. (2019). Addressing Match Fixing and Corruption in Collegiate Athletics in Light of Ncaa V. Murphy. Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 36(3), 499.

Campos, J Edgardo, & Bhargava, V. (2007). Introduction: Tackling a social pandemic. In J.Edgardo Campos & S. Pradhan (Eds.), The Many Faces of Corruption. Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level. World Bank.

Campos, J Edgardo, & Recanatini, F. (2007). Conclusion: Where to Next. In J.Edgardo Campos & S. Pradhan (Eds.), The Many Faces of Corruption. Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level. World Bank.

Campos, J.Edgardo, Lien, D., & Pradhan, S. (1999). The Impact of Corruption on Investment: Predictability Matters. World Development, 27(6), 1059–1067. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00040-6

Campos, Jose Edgardo, & Hellman, J. S. (2005). Governance gone local: Does decentralization improve accountability? In R. White & P. Smoke (Eds.), East Asia decentralizes: Making local government work (pp. 237–252). World Bank.

122 

 

Campos, N. F., Estrin, S., & Proto, E. (2010). Corruption as a barrier to entry: Theory and evidence.

Campos, Nauro, Dimova, R., & Saleh, A. (2016). Corruption and Economic Growth: An Econometric Survey of the Evidence. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 172(3), 521–543. https://doi.org/10.1628/093245616X14616712130543

Campos, Nauro, & Giovannoni, F. (2007). Lobbying, corruption and political influence. Public Choice, 131(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9102-4

Campos, Nauro, & Giovannoni, F. (2017). Political institutions, lobbying and corruption. Journal of Institutional Economics, 13(4), 917–939. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137417000108

Campos, Nicolas, Engel, E., Fischer, R. D., & Galetovic, A. (2019). Renegotiations and corruption in infrastructure: The Odebrecht case (No. 0230; “Marco Fanno” Working Papers). Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche “Marco Fanno.” https://ideas.repec.org/p/pad/wpaper/0230.html

Campos-Vazquez, R., & Mejia, L. (2016). Does Corruption Affect Cooperation? A Laboratory Experiment. Latin American Economic Review, 25(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40503-016-0035-0

Canache, D., & Allison, M. E. (2005). Perceptions of Political Corruption in Latin American Democracies. Latin American Politics & Society, 47(3), 91–111.

Candau, F., & Dienesch, E. (2017). Pollution Haven and Corruption Paradise. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 85, 171–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2017.05.005

Cañete-Straub, R., Miquel-Florensa, J., Straub, S., & Van der Straeten, K. (2020). Voting corrupt politicians out of office? Evidence from a survey experiment in Paraguay. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 179, 223–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.08.046

Cantú, F. (2014). Identifying Irregularities in Mexican Local Elections. American Journal of Political Science, 58(4), 936–951. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12097

Cantu, F., & Garcia-Ponce, O. (2015). Partisan losers’ effects: Perceptions of electoral integrity in Mexico. Electoral Studies; Elect.Stud., 39(Journal Article), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.03.004

Cantú, F., & Saiegh, S. M. (2011). Fraudulent Democracy? An Analysis of Argentinaʼs Using Supervised Machine Learning. Political Analysis, 19(4), 409–433. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpr033

123 

 

Cao, P., Qin, L., & Zhu, H. (2018). Local corruption and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China. International Review of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2018.11.006

Cao, X., Wang, Y., & Zhou, S. (2018). Anti-corruption campaigns and corporate information release in China. Journal Of Corporate Finance, 49, 186–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2018.01.008

Capasso, S., Goel, R., & Saunoris, J. (2019). Is it the gums, teeth or the bite? Effectiveness of dimensions of enforcement in curbing corruption. Economics of Governance, 20(4), 329–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-019-00228-0

Capelle-Blancard, G., Crifo, P., Diaye, M.-A., Scholtens, B., & Oueghlissi, R. (2019). Sovereign bond yield spreads and sustainability: An empirical analysis of OECD countries. Journal of Banking and Finance, 98, 156–169.

Capito, K., & Crites, M. (2018). “Tawdry Tales Of Ferraris, Rolexes, And Ball Gowns”: How Mcdonnel v. U.S. Redefined “Official Acts” In Public Corruption Prosecution. Widener Law Journal, 27(1), 153.

Caprio, G., Laeven, L., & Levine, R. (2007). Governance and bank valuation. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 16(4), 584–617.

Caprio, L., Faccio, M., & McConnell, J. J. (2013). Sheltering Corporate Assets from Political Extraction. The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 29(2), 332–354. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewr018

Carbonara, E. (2000). Corruption and Decentralisation (No. 342/83; Dipartimento Di Scienze Economiche, Working Paper).

Carden, A., & Verdon, L. (2010). When is corruption a substitute for economic freedom? The Law and Development Review, 3(1), 40–63.

Cardona, L. A., Ortiz, H., & Vazquez, D. (2018). Corruption and Human Rights: Possible Relations. Human Rights Quarterly, 40(2), 317–341.

Cardona, L., Ortiz, H., & Vazquez, L. (2018). Violation of Human Rights in Mexico: An Ill-considered Cost of Corruption. Politica Y Gobierno, 25(1), 153–184.

Cardoni, A., Kiseleva, E., & Lombardi, R. (2020). A sustainable governance model to prevent corporate corruption: Integrating anticorruption practices, corporate strategy and business processes. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1173–1185. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2424

Carey, J. M., & Shugart, M. S. (1995). Incentives to cultivate a personal vote: A rank ordering of electoral formulas. Electoral Studies, 14(4), 417–439.

124 

 

https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(94)00035-2

Carey, M. T. (2015). Regulating corporate bribery in international business: Anti-corruption in the UK and Germany. International Criminal Justice Review (Sage Publications), 25(4), 405–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057567715585566

Cariolle, Joel. (2018). Corruption determinants in developing and transition economies: Insights from a multi-level analysis. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. http://search.proquest.com/docview/2069698068/?pq-origsite=primo

Cariolle, Joël, Chalendard, C., Geourjon, A.-M., & Laporte, B. (2019). Measuring and improving the performance of customs valuation controls: An illustration with Gabon. World Economy, 42(6), 1850–1872. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12759

Carl, N. (2017). Ethnicity and electoral fraud in Britain. Electoral Studies, 50, 128.

Carlberg, C. K. (2003). A Truly Level Playing Field for International Business: Improving the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery Using Clear Standards. Boston College International & Comparative Law Review, 26, 95–111.

Carlin, A., & Lokanan, M. E. (2018). Ritualisation and money laundering in the Swiss banking sector. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 21(1), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-04-2017-0013

Carlin, R. E., Love, G. J., & Martinez-Gallardo, C. (2015). Cushioning the Fall: Scandals, Economic Conditions, and Executive Approval. Political Behavior, 37(1), 109–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-014-9267-3

Carlisle, J. (2014). “We Woke Up and Everything Had Gone to Qadhafi”: Corruption, Rent-Seeking, and Struggle for Elite Status During Libyan Property Disputes (Article). Middle East Law and Governance.

Carlson, E., & Seim, B. (2020). Honor among Chiefs: An Experiment on Monitoring and Diversion Among Traditional Leaders in Malawi. The Journal of Development Studies, 56(8), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2019.1703955

Carlucci, F., Cirà, A., Immordino, G., Ioppolo, G., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2017). Regional heterogeneity in Italy: Transport, devolution and corruption. Land Use Policy, 66, 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.04.020

Carmichael, F., Rossi, G., & Thomas, D. (2017). Production, Efficiency, and Corruption in Italian Serie A Football. Journal of Sports Economics, 18(1), 34–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002514551802

Carnes, N., & Lupu, N. (2016). What Good Is a College Degree? Education and Leader Quality Reconsidered. Journal Of Politics; J.Polit., 78(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1086/683027

125 

 

Carothers, C. (undefined/ed). Taking Authoritarian Anti-Corruption Reform Seriously. Perspectives on Politics, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592720001371

Carothers, T., Elshtain, J. B., Diamond, L. J., Ibrahim, A., & Bangura, Z. H. (2007). A quarter-century of promoting democracy. Journal of Democracy, 18(4), 112–126.

Carpenter, S. (2015). Avoid an Investigation: Automate FCPA Compliance. Criminal Justice, 29(4), 37–38.

Carr, I. (2006). The United Nations Convention on Corruption: Improving the Quality of Life of Millions in the World? Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, 3(3), 3–44.

Carr, I. (2007). Corruption in Africa: Is the African Union Convention on combating corruption the answer? Journal of Business Law, 111–136.

Carr, I. (2009). Corruption, the Southern African Development Community Anti-corruption Protocol and the principal–agent–client model. International Journal of Law in Context, 5(2), 147–177. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174455230999005X

Carr, I. (2013). Development, business integrity and the UK Bribery Act 2010. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 128–159). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A016

Carr, I., & Goldby, M. (2011). Recovering the proceeds of corruption: UNCAC and anti-money laundering standards. Journal of Business Law, 2, 170–193.

Carr, I., & Jago, R. (2014). Petty Corruption, Development and Information Technology as an Antidote. Round Table, 103(5), 465.

Carr, I., & Lewis, D. (2010). Combating corruption through employment law and whistleblower protection. Industrial Law Journal, dwp027.

Carr, I. M., & Outhwaite, O. (2009). Corruption and Business Integrity: Law, Policies and Company Practices. Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, 6(3), 16–64.

Carr, I., & Outhwaite, O. (2008). The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention Ten Years On. Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, 5(1), 3–35.

Carr, I., & Outhwaite, O. (2011). The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOS) in combating corruption: Theory and practice. Suffolk University Law Review, 44(3), 615.

Carr, P. (2017). Examining the Relationship Between Incidents of Police Corruption, Location of Assignment, and Elite Unit Corruption (EUC) in the New York City Police Department [ProQuest Dissertations Publishing]. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1901034770/

Carraro, V., Conzelmann, T., & Jongen, H. (2019). Fears of Peers? Explaining Peer and Public Shaming in Global Governance. Cooperation And Conflict.

126 

 

https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836718816729

Carrasco, D., Banerjee, R., Treviño, E., & Villalobos, C. (2020). Civic knowledge and open classroom discussion: Explaining tolerance of corruption among 8th-grade students in Latin America. Educational Psychology, 40(2), 186–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2019.1699907

Carrillo, J. D. (2000a). Corruption in Hierarchies. Annales d’Économie et de Statistique, 59, 37–61.

Carrillo, J. D. (2000b). Graft, Bribes, and the Practice of Corruption. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 9(2), 257–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.2000.00257.x

Carrington, P. (2010). Enforcing International Corrupt Practices Law. Michigan Journal of International Law, 32(1), 129–164.

Carrington, P. D. (2007). Law and transnational corruption: The need for Lincoln’s law abroad. Law and Contemporary Problems, 70(4), 109–138.

Carrington, P. D. (2010). International Movement to Deter Corruption: Should China Join, The. US-China Law Review, 7, 1.

Carrington, P. D. (2012). Qui Tam: Is false claims law a model for international law. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 27–40.

Carrington, P. D., Rose-Ackerman, S., & Carrington, P. D. (Eds.). (2013). Private Enforcement of International Law. In Anti-corruption Policy: Can International Actors Play a Constructive Role? (pp. 285–300). Carolina Academic Press.

Carson, L. (2014). Mapping Corruption and its Institutional Determinants in Brazil (IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc).

Carson, L. D. (2014). Deterring Corruption: Beyond Rational Choice Theory [Working Paper]. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2520280; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2520280

Carson, L. D., & Prado, M. M. (2016). Using Institutional Multiplicity To Address Corruption as a Collective Action Problem: Lessons from the Brazilian Case. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 62, 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2016.07.009

Carter, B. L. (2018). Autocrats Versus Activists in Africa. Journal of Democracy, 29(1), 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0004

Carter, C. R. (2000). Precursors of Unethical Behavior in Global Supplier Management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 36(4), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493X.2000.tb00069.x

Cartier–Bresson, J. (1997). Corruption networks, transaction security and illegal social exchange.

127 

 

Political Studies, 45(3), 463–476.

Cartier-Bresson, J. (2000). Economics of corruption. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The OECD Observer, 220, 25.

Caruana-Galizia, P. (2017). Corruption, Reform and the Euro. European Review, 25(3), 423–437. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798717000072

Carvajal, R. (1999). Large-scale corruption: Definition, causes, and cures. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 12(4), 335–353.

Carvalho, L. de L. (2019). The Role of Anti-Corruption Laws in the Fight Against Astroturfing: A Pursuit of Transparency and Legitimacy.

Casadesús de Mingo, A., & Cerrillo-I-Martínez, A. (2018). Improving records management to promote transparency and prevent corruption. International Journal of Information Management, 38(1), 256–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.09.005

Caseley, J. (2004). Public sector reform and corruption: CARD facade in Andhra Pradesh. Economic and Political Weekly, 1151–1156.

Caselli, F., & Cunningham, T. (2009). Leader Behaviour and the Natural Resource Curse. Oxford Economic Papers, 61(4), 628–650.

Caselli, F., & Michaels, G. (2013). Do Oil Windfalls Improve Living Standards Evidence from Brazil. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(1), 208–238. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.5.1.208

Caselli, F., & Morelli, M. (2004). Bad politicians. Journal of Public Economics, 88(3), 759–782. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(03)00023-9

Caspary, G. (2012). Practical steps to help countries overcome the resource curse: The extractive industries transparency initiative. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 18(2), 171–184.

Cassin, S. (2014). Best Offense Is a Good Defense: How the Adoption of An FCPA Compliance Defense Could Decrease Foreign Bribery, The. Hous. J. Int’l L., 36, 19.

Casson, A., & Obidzinski, K. (2002). From new order to regional autonomy: Shifting dynamics of “illegal” logging in Kalimantan, Indonesia. World Development, 30(12). http://www.cifor.org/library/1171/from-new-order-to-regional-autonomy-shifting-dynamics-of-illegal-logging-in-kalimantan-indonesia-2/

Castellano, N. (2016). Suspensions, Debarments, and Sanctions: A Comparative Guide to United States and World Bank Exclusion Mechanisms. Public Contract Law Journal, 45(3), 403–448.

128 

 

Castillo, F. A., Feros, A., & Leiva, P. P. (2018). A Sick Body: Corruption and Anticorruption in Early Modern Spain. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-10

Castillo, M., Petrie, R., Torero, M., & Viceisza, A. (2014). Lost in the Mail: A Field Experiment on Crime. Economic Inquiry, 52(1), 285–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12046

Castro, C., & Nunes, P. (2013). Does corruption inhibit foreign direct investment? Política, 51(1). http://www.redalyc.org/resumen.oa?id=64528862003

Castro, F., Guccio, C., & Rizzo, I. (2014). An assessment of the waste effects of corruption on infrastructure provision. International Tax and Public Finance, 21(4), 813–843.

Castro, M. F. (2011). To bribe or not bribe? An experimental analysis of corruption [Working Paper].

Catterberg, G., & Moreno, A. (2006). The Individual Bases of Political Trust: Trends in New and Established Democracies. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 18(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edh081

Caulkins, J., Feichtinger, G., Grass, D., Hartl, R., Kort, P., Novak, A., Seidl, A., & Wirl, F. (2014). A Dynamic Analysis of Schelling’s Binary Corruption Model: A Competitive Equilibrium Approach. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 161(2), 608–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-013-0420-7

Caulkins, J. P., Feichtinger, G., Grass, D., Hartl, R. F., Kort, P. M., Novak, A. J., & Seidl, A. (2013). Leading bureaucracies to the tipping point: An alternative model of multiple stable equilibrium levels of corruption. European Journal of Operational Research, 225(3), 541–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.10.026

Cava, A., & Stewart, B. M. (2011). Quid Pro Quo Corruption is So Yesterday: Restoring Honest Services Fraud after Skilling and Black. UC Davis Bus. LJ, 12, 1.

Cavalcanti, F., Daniele, G., & Galletta, S. (2018). Popularity shocks and political selection. Journal of Public Economics, 165, 201–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.07.011

Cavalieri, M., Guccio, C., & Rizzo, I. (2017). On the role of environmental corruption in healthcare infrastructures: An empirical assessment for Italy using DEA with truncated regression approach. Health Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2017.02.011

Cavanagh, C. (2012). Unready for REDD+? Lessons from corruption in Ugandan conservation areas. Policy Brief for U4 Anti-Corruption Center, Chr. Michelsen Institute. U, 4.

129 

 

Cavico, F. J. (2015). J.P. Morgan Recruitment Practices in China and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Legal Networking or Illegal Bribery? Open Ethics and Law Journal, 1(Suppl 1: M5), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.2174/2352633501501010030

Cavico, F. J., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2010). Baksheesh or bribe: Payments to government officials and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 2(1), 83.

Cavill, S., & Sohail, M. (2007). Accountability Arrangements to Combat Corruption: Literature Review. Water, Engineering and Development Centre, Londonborough University.

Cavoli, T., & Wilson, J. K. (2015). Corruption, central bank (in)dependence and optimal monetary policy in a simple model. Journal of Policy Modeling, 37(3), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.03.012

Celarier, M. (1997). Privatization: A case study in corruption. Journal of International Affairs, 531–543.

Celentani, M. (1999). Corruption and the Hadleyburg effect (Working paper / Departament d’Economia i Empresa 382). Barcelona.

Celentani, M., Ganuza, J., & Peydró, J. (2004). Combating Corruption in International Business Transactions. Economica, 71(283), 417–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-0427.2004.00378.x

Celentani, M., & Ganuza, J.-J. (2002a). Corruption and competition in procurement. European Economic Review, 46(7), 1273–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00147-7

Celentani, M., & Ganuza, J.-J. (2002b). Organized vs. Competitive Corruption. Annals of Operations Research, 109(1), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016364505439

Celestine, N., Leighton, C., & Perryer, C. (2018). A Multifocal and Integrative View of the Influencers of Ethical Attitudes Using Qualitative Configurational Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4011-2

Celimene, F., Dufrenot, G., Mophou, G., & N’Guerekata, G. (2016). Tax evasion, tax corruption and stochastic growth. Economic Modelling; Econ.Model., 52(Journal Article), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.10.055

Cella, R., & Zanolla, E. (2018). Benford’s Law and transparency: An analysis of municipal expenditure. Brazilian Business Review, 15(4), 331–347. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2018.15A2

Cepas, A., & Dobryninas, A. (2016). CRIMINALIZATION OF CORRUPTION: PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL FACETS. Problemos, 90, 20–30. https://doi.org/10.15388/Problemos.2016.90.10132

130 

 

Cepiku, D. (2004). Coping with Corruption in Albanian Public Administration Business. International Public Management Review, 5(1), 99–137.

Ceresia, F., & Mendola, C. (2019). The Effects of Corruption in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems on Entrepreneurial Intentions. Administrative Sciences, 9(4), 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9040088

Ceresola, R. (2019). The U.S. Government’s framing of corruption: A content analysis of public integrity section reports, 1978–2013. Crime, Law and Social Change, 71(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-018-9788-5

Cerqueti, R., & Coppier, R. (2016). Corruption, evasion and environmental policy: A game theory approach. Ima Journal Of Management Mathematics; IMA J.Manag.Math., 27(2), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpu019

Cerqueti, Roy, & Coppier, R. (2009). Tax revenues, fiscal corruption and “shame” costs. Economic Modelling, 26(6), 1239–1244.

Cerqueti, Roy, & Coppier, R. (2011). Economic growth, corruption and tax evasion. Economic Modelling, 28(1), 489–500.

Cerqueti, Roy, & Coppier, R. (2015). Corruptibility and tax evasion. European Journal of Law and Economics, 39(2), 355–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-013-9406-z

Cerqueti, Roy, & Coppier, R. (2016). A game theoretical analysis of the impact of income inequality and ethnic diversity on fiscal corruption. Annals of Operations Research, 243(1), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-014-1567-9

Cerqueti, Roy, Coppier, R., & Piga, G. (2012). Corruption, growth and ethnic fractionalization: A theoretical model. Journal of Economics, 106(2), 153–181.

Cesi, B., & Zoli, M. (2019). Corruption in environmental policy: The case of waste. Economia Politica, 36(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-017-0087-x

Cetinkaya, N., Guclu, I., & Ozer, M. M. (2020). An examination of police cadets’ perceptions of corruption. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 22(3), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461355720911944

Ceva, E. (2018). Political Corruption as A Relational Injustice. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 118–137. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000013

Ceva, E., & Ferretti, M. P. (2017). Political corruption. Philosophy Compass, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12461

Ceva, E., & Radoilska, L. (2018). Responsibility for Reason-Giving: The Case of Individual Tainted Reasoning in Systemic Corruption. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 1–21.

131 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-018-9950-2

Chabal, P., & Daloz, J.-P. (1999). Afrika works: Disorder as political instrument. Indiana University Press.

Chadda, M. (2004). India: Between majesty and modernity. In The Struggle against Corruption: A Comparative Study (pp. 109–143). Springer.

Chaffee, E. C. (2012). The Role of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Other Transnational Anti- Corruption Laws in Preventing or Lessening Future Financial Crises. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1283–1485.

Chafuen, A., & Guzman, E. (n.d.). Economic Freedom and Corruption. In G. P. O’Driscoll, Jr., K. R. Holmes, & M. Kirkpatrick (Eds.), 2000 Index of Economic Freedom (pp. 51–63). Heritage Foundation.

Chaikin, D. (2005). Policy and Legal Obstacles in Recovering Dictators’ Plunder. Bond Law Review, 17(2), 27–46.

Chaikin, D. (2008). Commercial corruption and money laundering: A preliminary analysis. Journal of Financial Crime, 15(3), 269–281.

Chaikin, D. (2011). Corrupt Practices Involving Offshore Financial Centers. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Chaikin, D., & Sharman, J. (2009). Corruption and money laundering: A symbiotic relationship. Springer.

Chakraborty, S., & Dabla-Norris, E. (2011). The Quality of Public Investment. The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, 11(1), 1.

Chakravorty, N. (2019). How Does Corruption Affect Economic Growth? An Econometric Analysis. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 16(4), 27–60.

Chakroff, A., Thomas, K. A., Haque, O. S., & Young, L. (2015). An Indecent Proposal: The Dual Functions of Indirect Speech. Cognitive Science, 39(1), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12145

Chalaby, J. K. (2004). Scandal and the rise of investigative reporting in France. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(9), 1194–1207.

Chalmers, I., & Setiyono, B. (2012). The Struggle against Corruption during the Democratic Transition: Theorising the Emergent Role of CSOs. Development and Society, 41(1), 77–102.

Chamberlain, K. (2003). Recovering the proceeds of corruption. Journal of Money Laundering

132 

 

Control, 6(2), 157–165.

Chan, Albert, & Osei-Kyei, R. (2020). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Strategies for Extirpating Corrupt Practices in Infrastructure Project Procurement. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000531

Chan, APC, & Owusu, E. (2017). Corruption Forms in the Construction Industry: Literature Review. Journal Of Construction Engineering And Management, 143(8). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001353

Chan, C. (2018). A market of distrust: Toward a cultural sociology of unofficial exchanges between patients and doctors in China. Theory and Society, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-018-09332-2

Chan, F., & Sun, B. (2018). The Centralisation of the Chinese Communist Party’s Campaign against Corruption and Its Implications. China Report, 54(4), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009445518795992

Chan, H. S., & Gao, J. (2012). Preventing Corruption Through Performance Measurement: The Case of China. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge.

Chan, J. C. (2005). Language, Culture, and Reform in Hong Kong. In Civil Society and Corruption: Mobilizing for Reform (pp. 95–113). University Press of America.

Chan, K. (2000). Towards an integrated model of corruption: Opportunities and control in China: Asia and the Pacific basin. International Journal of Public Administration, 23(4), 507–551.

Chan, K. S., Laffargue, J.-P., Azomahou, T. T., Boucekkine, R., Mohnen, P., & Verspagen, B. (2016). A Dynamic Model Of Taxation, Corruption, And Public Investment In The Dynastic Cycle: The Case Of Imperial China. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 20(8), 2123–2147. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100515000218

Chand, S. K., & Moene, K. O. (1999). Controlling fiscal corruption. World Development, 27(7), 1129–1140.

Chanda, P. (2004). The effectiveness of the World Bank’s anti-corruption efforts: Current legal and structural obstacles and uncertainties. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 32(2), 315.

Chander, P., & Wilde, L. (1992). Corruption in tax administration. Journal of Public Economics, 49(3), 333–349.

Chandler, D. (2002). Anti-corruption strategies and democratization in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Democratization, 9(2), 101–120.

133 

 

Chandler, J. D., & Graham, J. L. (2010). Relationship-oriented cultures, corruption, and international marketing success. Journal of Business Ethics, 92(2), 251–267.

Chaney, P. K., Faccio, M., & Parsley, D. (2011). The quality of accounting information in politically connected firms. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 51(1–2), 58–76.

Chang, C. P., & Hao, Y. (2017). Environmental performance, corruption and economic growth: Global evidence using a new data set. Applied Economics, 49(5), 498–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1200186

Chang, C. S., Chang, N. J., & Freese, B. T. (2001). Offering gifts or offering bribes? Code of ethics in South Korea. Journal of Third World Studies, 18(1), 125.

Chang, E. C. C. (2005). Electoral Incentives for Political Corruption under Open-List Proportional Representation. The Journal of Politics, 67(3), 716–730. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2005.00336.x

Chang, E. C. C. (2019). Corruption predictability and corruption voting in Asian democracies. Public Choice, 184(3–4), 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-019-00760-x

Chang, E. C. C., & Chu, Y.-H. (2006). Corruption and Trust: Exceptionalism in Asian Democracies? The Journal of Politics, 68(2), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00404.x

Chang, E. C. C., & Golden, M. A. (2007). Electoral Systems, District Magnitude and Corruption. British Journal of Political Science, 37(1), 115–137.

Chang, E., & Golden, M. A. (2010). Sources of Corruption in Authoritarian Regimes. Social Science Quarterly, 91(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00678.x

Chang, E., Golden, M., & Hill, S. (2010). Legislative Malfeasance and Political Accountability. World Politics, 62(2), 177–II.

Chang, E., & Huang, S.-H. (2016). Corruption Experience, Corruption Tolerance, and Institutional Trust in East Asian Democracies. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 12(1), 27.

Chang, Eric CC. (2013). A Comparative Analysis of How Corruption Erodes Institutional Trust. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 9(1), 73–92.

Chang, Eric CC, & Kerr, N. N. (2009). Do Voters Have Different Attitudes Toward Corruption?: The Sources and Implications of Popular Perceptions and Tolerance of Political Corruption [Working Paper]. Institute for Democracy in South Africa.

Chang, Eric Cc, & Kerr, N. N. (2017). An Insider-Outsider Theory of Popular Tolerance for Corrupt Politicians. Governance, 30(1), 67–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12193

Chang, J., & Lai, C. (2002). Is the efficiency wage efficient? The social norm and organizational

134 

 

corruption. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 104(1), 27–47.

Chang, J.-J., Lai, C. C., & Yang, C. C. (2000). Casual Police Corruption and the Economics of Crime: Further Results. International Review of Law & Economics, 20, 35–52.

Chang, J.-J., Lu, H., & Tsai, H. (2015). Corruption, growth, and increasing returns to production specialization. 11(3), 329.

Chang, K., & Park, J. (n.d.). A heterogeneous rally effect for a corrupt president: Partisanship, regional sentiment, and anxiety against a corruption scandal. Democratization, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1791825

Chang, S. (2015). The effects of trade liberalization on environmental degradation. Quality and Quantity, 49(1), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9984-4

Chang, S.-C. (2015). Threshold effect of foreign direct investment on environmental degradation. Portuguese Economic Journal, 14(1–3), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-015-0112-3

Chang, T.-T. (2011). A macroeconomic model on the quality of government and economic performance. Economic Inquiry : Journal of the Western Economic Association International, 49(1), 174–184.

Chang, Y.-C., Kao, M.-S., Kuo, A., & Chiu, C.-F. (2012). How cultural distance influences entry mode choice: The contingent role of host country’s governance quality. Journal of Business Research, 65(8), 1160–1170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.033

Changwony, F. K., & Paterson, A. S. (2019). Accounting practice, fiscal decentralization and corruption. The British Accounting Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.04.003

Chanley, V. A., Rudolph, T. J., & Rahn, W. M. (2000). The origins and consequences of public trust in government: A time series analysis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(3), 239–256.

Chanley, V., Sullivan, J. L., Gonzales, M. H., & Kovera, M. B. (1994). Lust and Avarice in Politics Damage Control by Four Politicians Accused of Wrongdoing (or, Politics as Usual). American Politics Quarterly, 22(3), 297–333.

Chantziaras, A., Dedoulis, E., Grougiou, V., & Leventis, S. (2020). The impact of religiosity and corruption on CSR reporting: The case of U.S. banks. Journal of Business Research, 109, 362–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.12.025

Chapman, D. W., & Lindner, S. (2016). Degrees of Integrity: The Threat of Corruption in Higher Education. Studies in Higher Education, 41(2), 247–268.

Charap, J., & Harm, C. (2000). Institutionalized Corruption and the Kleptocratic State. In C. Menard (Ed.), Institutions, Contracts, and Organizations: Perspectives from New

135 

 

Institutional Economics. Edward Elgar.

Charles, G.-U. E. (2014). Corruption temptation. California Law Review, 102(1), 25–36.

Charlton, R. (1990). Exploring the byways of African political corruption—Botswana and deviant case analysis. Corruption and Reform, 5(1), 1–27.

Charoensukmongkol, P. (2016). The interconnections between bribery, political network, government supports, and their consequences on export performance of small and medium enterprises in Thailand. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 14(2), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-016-0164-1

Charoensukmongkol, P., & Moqbel, M. (2014). Does Investment in ICT Curb or Create More Corruption? A Cross-Country Analysis. Public Organization Review, 14(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-012-0205-8

Charoensukmongkol, P., & Sexton, S. (2011). The Effect of Corruption on Exports and Imports in Latin America and the Caribbean. Latin American Business Review, 12(2), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10978526.2011.592800

Charron, N., Dijkstra, L., & Lapuente, V. (2014). Regional Governance Matters: Quality of Government within European Union Member States. Regional Studies, 48(1), 68–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.770141

Charron, Nicholas. (2009a). Government Quality and Vertical Power-Sharing in Fractionalized States. Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 39(4), 585–605. https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjp015

Charron, Nicholas. (2009b). The Impact of Socio-Political Integration and Press Freedom on Corruption. Journal of Development Studies, 45(9), 1472–1493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380902890243

Charron, Nicholas. (2010). The correlates of corruption in India: Analysis and evidence from the states. Asian Journal of Political Science, 18(2), 177–194.

Charron, Nicholas. (2011a). Exploring the impact of foreign aid on corruption: Has the “anti-corruption movement” been effective? The Developing Economies : The Journal of the Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, Japan, 49(1), 66–88.

Charron, Nicholas. (2011b). Party systems, electoral systems and constraints on corruption. Electoral Studies, 30(4), 595–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2011.05.003

Charron, Nicholas. (2013). How Much Are Corruption Perceptions Explained by Actual Experience with Corruption.

Charron, Nicholas. (2016a). Do corruption measures have a perception problem? Assessing the

136 

 

relationship between experiences and perceptions of corruption among citizens and experts. European Political Science Review, 8(1), 147–171. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773914000447

Charron, Nicholas. (2016b). Explaining the allocation of regional Structural Funds: The conditional effect of governance and self-rule. European Union Politics, 17(4), 638–659. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116516658135

Charron, Nicholas, Dahlström, C., Fazekas, M., & Lapuente, V. (2017). Careers, connections and corruption risks: Investigating the Impact of Bureaucratic Meritocracy on Public Procurement Processes. Journal Of Politics, 79(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1086/687209

Charron, Nicholas, Dahlström, C., & Lapuente, V. (2016). Measuring Meritocracy in the Public Sector in Europe: A New National and Sub-National Indicator. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 499–523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-016-9307-0

Charron, Nicholas, Dijkstra, L., & Lapuente, V. (2015). Mapping the Regional Divide in Europe: A Measure for Assessing Quality of Government in 206 European Regions. Social Indicators Research, 122(2), 315–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0702-y

Charron, Nicholas, & Lapuente, V. (2010). Does democracy produce quality of government? European Journal of Political Research, 49(4), 443–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.01906.x

Charron, Nicholas, & Lapuente, V. (2011). Which dictators produce quality of government? Studies in Comparative International Development, 46(4), 397–423.

Charron, Nicholas, Lapuente, V., & Annoni, P. (2019). Measuring Quality of Government in EU Regions across Space and Time. Papers In Regional Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12437

Charron, Nicholas, Lapuente, V., & Rothstein, B. (2010). Measuing the Quality of Government and Subnational Variaton. Report for the European Commission Directorate-General Regional Policy Directorate Policy Development. Brussells: European Union.

Charron, Nicholas, Lapuente, V., & Rothstein, B. (Eds.). (2013). Quality of government and corruption from a European perspective: A comparative study on the quality of government in EU regions. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Charron, Nicholas, & Rothstein, B. (2016). Does education lead to higher generalized trust? The importance of quality of government. International Journal of Educational Development, 50(Journal Article), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.05.009

137 

 

Charumilind, C., Kali, R., & Wiwattanakantang, Y. (2006). Connected lending: Thailand before the financial crisis. The Journal of Business, 79(1), 181–218.

Chassang, S. (2014). Corruption, Intimidation, and Whistle-blowing: A Theory of Inference from Unverifiable Reports (NBER Working Paper Series, p. 20315).

Chassang, S., & Ortner, J. (2018). Making Corruption Harder: Asymmetric Information, Collusion, and Crime. Journal of Political Economy, 126(5), 2108–2133. https://doi.org/10.1086/699188

Chatterjee, I., & Ray, R. (2012). Does the evidence on corruption depend on how it is measured? Results from a cross-country study on microdata sets. Applied Economics, 44(25), 3215–3227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.570724

Chatterjee, Shinjini. (2015). Dangerous liaisons: Criminalization of “relationship hires” under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 163(6), 1771.

Chatterjee, Sris, Gu, X., Hasan, I., & Lu, H. (2019). Ownership structure and the cost of debt: Evidence from the Chinese corporate bond market. BOFIT Discussion Papers, 2019(18), 4–32.

Chat-uthai, M., & McLean, G. N. (2003). Combating Corruption in Thailand: A Call to an End of the “White Buffet.” In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 317–348). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0013

Chauchard, S., Klašnja, M., & Harish, S. (2019). Getting Rich Too Fast? Voters’ Reactions to Politicians’ Wealth Accumulation. The Journal of Politics, 81(4), 1197–1209. https://doi.org/10.1086/704222

Chauchard, S., Klasnja, M., & Harish, S. P. (2016). Private Gains, Public Office: A Vignette Experiment in India [Working Paper].

Chaudhuri, A. (2012). Gender and corruption: A survey of the experimental evidence. New Advances in Experimental Research on Corruption (Research in Experimental Economicss, Volume 15). Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 13–49.

Chaudhuri, S., & Dastidar, K. G. (2014). Corruption, Efficiency Wage and Union Leadership. Pacific Economic Review, 19(5), 559–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12083

Chaudhury, N., Hammer, J., Kremer, M., Muralidharan, K., & Rogers, F. H. (2006). Missing in Action: Teacher and Health Worker Absence in Developing Countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 91–116. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533006776526058

Chaves, I., Fergusson, L., & Robinson, J. A. (2015). He Who Counts Elects: Economic Elites, Political Elites, and Electoral Fraud. Economics & Politics, 27(1), 124–159.

138 

 

https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12052

Chavis, L. (2012). Social networks and bribery: The case of entrepreneurs in Eastern Europe. Journal of Comparative Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.11.002

Chayes, S. (2015). Thieves of state: Why corruption threatens global security. WW Norton & Company. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dlMCBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT6&dq=Chayes,+Sarah.+2015.+Thieves+of+State:+Why+Corruption+Threatens+Global+Security&ots=prsWrYaVJn&sig=AlaTJIbly9D3R-dSVOOuo8RIfl8

Chayinska, M., & Minescu, A. (2018). “They’ve conspired against us”: Understanding the role of social identification and conspiracy beliefs in justification of ingroup collective behavior. European Journal Of Social Psychology, 48(7), 990–998. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2511

Che, Y.-K. (1995). Revolving doors and the optimal tolerance for agency collusion. The Rand Journal of Economics, 26(3), 378–397.

Cheloukhine, S., & King, J. (2007). Corruption networks as a sphere of investment activities in modern Russia. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 40(1), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2006.12.005

Chemin, M. (2012). Welfare Effects of Criminal Politicians: A Discontinuity-Based Approach. Journal of Law and Economics, 55(3), 667–690.

Chen, C., Cullen, J. B., & Parboteeah, K. P. (2015). Are Manager-controlled Firms More Likely to Bribe than Shareholder-controlled Firms: A Cross-cultural Analysis. Management and Organization Review, 11(02), 343–365.

Chen, C. J., Ding, Y., & Kim, C. (2010). High-level politically connected firms, corruption, and analyst forecast accuracy around the world. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(9), 1505–1524. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2010.27

Chen, Dan. (2017). Local Distrust and Regime Support. Political Research Quarterly, 70(2), 314–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912917691360

Chen, Dh, Guan, Y., Zhang, T., & Zhao, G. (2017). Political connection of financial intermediaries: Evidence from China’s IPO market. Journal Of Banking & Finance, 76, 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.11.023

Chen, Fang. (2017a). Gender and Corruption. Modern China, 43(1), 66–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700416647327

Chen, Fang. (2017b). Gender and Corruption: The Cultural Script, Narratives, and Contentions in Contemporary China. Modern China, 43(1), 66–94.

139 

 

Chen, Feng. (2000). Subsistence crises, managerial corruption and labour protests in China. The China Journal, 44, 41–63.

Chen, H., Feng, Q., Zhu, D. D., Han, S., & Long, R. (2016). Impact of rent-seeking on productivity in Chinese coal mine safety supervision: A simulation study. Energy Policy; Energy Policy, 93(Journal Article), 315–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.02.054

Chen, Hailin, Schneider, F., & Sun, Q. (2019). Measuring the size of the shadow economy in 30 provinces of China over 1995–2016: The MIMIC approach. Pacific Economic Review (Oxford, England), 25(3), 427–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12313

Chen, Heyin, Hao, Y., Li, J., & Song, X. (2018). The impact of environmental regulation, shadow economy, and corruption on environmental quality: Theory and empirical evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.206

Chen, H.-K., Liao, Y.-C., Lin, C.-Y., & Yen, J.-F. (2018). The effect of the political connections of government bank CEOs on bank performance during the financial crisis. Journal of Financial Stability, 36, 130–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2018.02.010

Chen, J., Zhan, W., Tong, Z., & Kumar, V. (2020). The effect of inward FDI on outward FDI over time in China: A contingent and dynamic perspective. International Business Review, 101734-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101734

Chen, K. (2004). Fiscal centralization and the form of corruption in China. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), 1001–1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.12.003

Chen, K., Hillman, A. L., & Gu, Q. (2002). From the helping hand to the grabbing hand: Fiscal federalism and corruption in China. In J. Wong & D. Lu (Eds.), China’s Economy into the New Century:Structural Issues and Problems (pp. 193–215). Singapore University Press and World Scientific.

Chen, K., & Liu, Q. (2015). Economic Development and Corruption in China in the Shadow of Rent Seeking. In A. L. Hillman & R. D. Congleton (Eds.), Companion to the Political Economy of Rent Seeking (pp. 395–409). Elgar.

Chen, M., Jeon, B. N., Wang, R., & Wu, J. (2015). Corruption and bank risk-taking: Evidence from emerging economies. Emerging Markets Review, 24(Journal Article), 122–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2015.05.009

Chen, N. (2011). Securities Laws, Control of Corruption, and Corporate Liquidity: International Evidence. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 19(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2010.00823.x

Chen, T., & Kung, J. K.-S. (2016). Do Land Revenue Windfalls Create a Political Resource

140 

 

Curse? Evidence from China. Journal of Development Economics, 123, 86–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.08.005

Chen, W., & Kinkyo, T. (2016). Financial Development and Income Inequality: Long-Run Relationship and Short-Run Heterogeneity. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 52(3), 733–742. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2016.1116281

Chen, Yanjing, Yaşar, M., & Rejesus, R. M. (2008). Factors influencing the incidence of bribery payouts by firms: A cross-country analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 77(2), 231–244.

Chen, Yunling, Liu, M., & Su, J. (2013). Greasing the wheels of bank lending: Evidence from private firms in China. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(7), 2533–2545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.02.002

Chen, Yunsen, Xie, Y., You, H., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Does crackdown on corruption reduce stock price crash risk? Evidence from China. Journal of Corporate Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2018.05.005

Chen, Yunsen, Zheng, D., Li, P., & Wang, W. (2018). Anti-Corruption and Corporate Tax Burden: Evidence from China. International Review of Finance, 20(3), 781–788. https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.12226

Chene, M., Clench, B., & Fagan, C. (2010). Corruption and Gender in Service Delivery: The Unequal Impacts.

Cheng, C. S., & Zaum, D. (2008). Introduction–key themes in peacebuilding and corruption. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 301–309.

Cheng, C., & Zaum, D. (2012). Corruption and post-conflict peacebuilding: Selling the peace? (Vol. 29). Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=L8GoAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Cheng,+Christine+%26+Dominik+Zaum.+2012.+Corruption+and+Post-Conflict+Peacebuilding:+Selling+the+Peace%3F+&ots=JUkCE15V6p&sig=j3wWS-4rl4t_VOWK69frYkIPuQ0

Cheng, J. (2009). Police corruption control in Hong Kong and New York City: A dilemma of checks and balances in combating corruption. BYU Journal of Public Law, 23(2), 185–220.

Cheng, L. (2018). Estimating the value of political connections in China: Evidence from sudden deaths of politically connected independent directors. Journal of Comparative Economics, 46(2), 495–514.

Cheng, W. (2004). An Empirical Study of Corruption within China’s State-owned Enterprises. China Review, 55–80.

141 

 

Cherecheş, R. M., Ungureanu, M. I., Sandu, P., & Rus, I. A. (2013). Defining informal payments in healthcare: A systematic review. Health Policy, 110(2), 105–114.

Cheremisin, A., & Mykhailenko, G. M. (2019). Corruption and Bribery in Towns of the South of Ukraine During the Period of 1785-1870. Public Policy and Administration, 18(4). https://doaj.org/article/04ccff2376a44a7db4dc056576168d4e

Cherif, M., & Dreger, C. (2016). Institutional Determinants of Financial Development in MENA countries: Financial Development in MENA Countries. Review of Development Economics, 20(3), 670–680. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12192

Cherviakova, V., & Cherviakova, T. (2020). The Relationship between Corruption and the Shadow Economy in Ukraine and Other Central and Eastern European Countries. Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe, 23(4), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.23.25

Chetwynd, E., Chetwynd, F., & Spector, B. (2003). Corruption and poverty: A review of recent literature (Vol. 600).

Cheung, A., & Hernández-Julián, R. (2006). Gender and corruption: A panel data analysis.

Cheung, H. Y., & Chan, A. W. (2008). Corruption across countries: Impacts from education and cultural dimensions. The Social Science Journal, 45(2), 223–239.

Cheung, R. (2018). Deferred Prosecution Agreements: Cooperation And Confession. The Cambridge Law Journal, 77(1), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197318000156

Cheung, S. N. S. (1996). A Simplistic General Equilibrium Theory of Corruption. Contemporary Economic Policy, 14(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00618.x

Cheung, Y. L., Rau, P. R., & Stouraitis, A. (2012). How Much Do Firms Pay as Bribes and What Benefits Do They Get? Evidence from Corruption Cases Worldwide (NBER Working Paper No. 17981).

Chever, L., & Moore, J. (2013). Discretion and Efficiency in Public Procurement: Evidence from France. http://chaire-eppp.org/discretion-and-efficiency-in-public-procurement-evidence-from-france/?lang=en

Chiappinelli, O. (2020). Political corruption in the execution of public contracts. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 179, 116–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.08.044

Chimezule, O. (2015). Strengthening Institutions in the Fight Against Corruption and Financial Crimes in Nigeria.

142 

 

Chiodelli, F. (2018). The illicit side of urban development: Corruption and organised crime in the field of urban planning. Urban Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018768498

Chiou, W.-J. P., Lee, A. C., & Lee, C.-F. (2010). Stock return, risk, and legal environment around the world. International Review of Economics & Finance, 19(1), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2009.05.001

Chiru, M., & Gherghina, S. (2012). When voter loyalty fails: Party performance and corruption in Bulgaria and Romania. European Political Science Review, 4(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773911000063

Chiti, E. (2014). Mismanagement by European Agencies: Concerns, Institutional Responses, and Lessons. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 253–271). Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd.

Chiu, Y.-C., Smith, K. C., Morlock, L., & Wissow, L. (2007). Gifts, bribes and solicitions: Print media and the social construction of informal payments to doctors in Taiwan. Social Science & Medicine, 64(3), 521–530.

Chiweshe, M. (2017). Analysis of Land-related Corruption in Zimbabwe. Africa Insight, 46(4), 112.

Cho, S.-Y. (2015). Modeling for Determinants of Human Trafficking: An Empirical Analysis. Social Inclusion, 3(1), 2–21. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i1.125

Cho, S.-Y., Dreher, A., & Neumayer, E. (2014). Determinants of Anti-Trafficking Policies: Evidence from a New Index. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 116(2), 429–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12055

Cho, W. K. T., & Gaines, B. J. (2007). Breaking the (Benford) law: Statistical fraud detection in campaign finance. The American Statistician, 61(3), 218–223.

Cho, W., & Kirwin, M. F. (2007). A Vicious Circle of Corruption and Mistrust in Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Micro-Level Analysis. (Working Paper No. 71, Afrobarometer, Cape Town.).

Cho, Y. H., & Choi, B.-D. (2004). E-Government to Combat Corruption: The Case of Seoul Metropolitan Government. International Journal of Public Administration, 27(10), 719–735. https://doi.org/10.1081/PAD-200029114

Choe, C., & Raschky, P. A. (2016). Media, institutions, and government action: Prevention vs. Palliation in the time of cholera. European Journal Of Political Economy; Eur.J.Polit.Econ., 41(Journal Article), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.11.001

Choe, Chongwoo, Dzhumashev, R., Islam, A., & Khan, Z. H. (2011). Corruption and Network in

143 

 

Education: Evidence from the Household Survey Data in Bangladesh (No. 08–11; Monash Economics Working Papers). Monash University, Department of Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/mos/moswps/2011-08.html

Choe, Chongwoo, Dzhumashev, R., Islam, A., & Khan, Z. H. (2013). The effect of informal networks on corruption in education: Evidence from the household survey data in Bangladesh. The Journal of Development Studies, 49(2), 238–250.

Choguya, N. (2018). Corruption in Health Service Delivery: The Case of Maternal Health in Rural Zimbabwe. Review of Human Factor Studies, 24(1), 81–104.

Choi, D., & Young, J. (2020). The Role of Political Collusion in Corporate Performance in the Korean Market. Sustainability, 12(5), 2031. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052031

Choi, E., & Woo, J. (2010). Political corruption, economic performance, and electoral outcomes: A cross-national analysis. Contemporary Politics, 16(3), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2010.501636

Choi, E., & Woo, J. (2012). Political corruption, economy, and citizens’ evaluation of democracy in South Korea. Contemporary Politics, 18(4), 451–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2012.702977

Choi, J. (2007). Governance Structure and Administrative Corruption in Japan: An Organizational Network Approach. Public Administration Review, 67(5), 930–942. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00779.x

Choi, J. P., & Thum, M. (2003). The dynamics of corruption with the ratchet effect. Journal of Public Economics, 87(3), 427–443.

Choi, J. P., & Thum, M. (2004). The economics of repeated extortion. Rand Journal of Economics, 203–223.

Choi, J. P., & Thum, M. (2005). Corruption and the Shadow Economy. International Economic Review, 46(3), 817–836. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2005.00347.x

Choi, J.-W. (2009). Institutional structures and effectiveness of anticorruption agencies: A comparative analysis of South Korea and Hong Kong. Asian Journal of Political Science, 17(2), 195–214.

Choi, S. J., & Davis, K. (2014). Foreign Affairs and Enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Journal Of Empirical Legal Studies, 11(3), 409–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12045

Chomiak, L., & Salman, L. (2016). Refusing to Forgive: Tunisia’s Maneesh M’sameh Campaign. Middle East Report, 46(4), 28–32.

144 

 

Chomski, C. (2012). Campbell’s Soup: Due Process Concerns in Applying the Federal anti-Bribery Statute to Noncitizen Government Contractors Overseas. U. Chi. Legal F., 429.

Chong, A., & Calderon, C. (2000). Institutional quality and income distribution. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48(4), 761–786.

Chong, A., & Calderón, C. (2000). Institutional quality and poverty measures in a cross-section of countries. Economics of Governance, 1(2), 123–135.

Chong, A., De La O, A., L., Karlan, D., & Wantchekon, L. (2015). Does Corruption Information Inspire the Fight or Quash the Hope? A Field Experiment in Mexico on Voter Turnout, Choice, and Party Identification. Journal of Politics, 77(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1086/678766

Chong, A., & Gradstein, M. (2007). Inequality and institutions. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(3), 454–465.

Chong, A., & Gradstein, M. (2008). What determines foreign aid? The donors’ perspective. Journal of Development Economics, 87(1), 1–13.

Chong, E., Klien, M., & Saussier, S. (2015). The Quality of Governance and the Use of Negotiated Procurement Procedures: Evidence from the European Union (No. 2015-3) [Working Paper].

Choromides, C. (2018). The Impact of the Institutional Framework Quality on The Ownership Strategy. Evidence from EU Foreign Direct Investments in South and Central Eastern Europe. Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis, 10(1), 25–60.

Chou, W. (2014). Restoring Integrity in American Businesses: A Broad Interpretation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Wayne L.Rev., 60(Journal Article), 283–307.

Choudhury, S. (2015). Governmental decentralization and corruption revisited: Accounting for potential endogeneity. Economics Letters, 136(Journal Article), 218.

Choudhury, S. (2019). WTO membership and corruption. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.07.004

Chow, D. (2012a). China under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Wisconsin Law Review, 2012(2), 573–607.

Chow, D. (2012b). The Interplay Between China’s Anti-Bribery Laws and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1015–1485.

Chow, D. C. K. (2014a). Three major risks under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act for U.S. multinational companies doing business in China. Fordham International Law Journal,

145 

 

37(4), 1183–1191.

Chow, D. C. K. (2014b). Why China’s crackdown on commercial bribery threatens U.S. multinational companies doing business in China. Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 31(3), 511–545.

Chow, D. C. K. (2017). Cultural barriers to effective enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in China. The University of Toledo Law Review, 48(3), 560.

Chowdhury, Aheli. (2019). Anti-Corruption Movement: A Story of the Making of the Aam Admi Party and the Interplay of Political Representation in India. Politics and Governance, 7(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v7i3.2155

Chowdhury, Anup, & Shil, N. C. (2019). Influence of New Public Management Philosophy on Risk Management, Fraud and Corruption Control and Internal Audit: Evidence from an Australian Public Sector Organization. Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems, 18(4), 486–508. https://doi.org/10.24818/jamis.2019.04002

Chowdhury, F., Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M. (2019). Institutions and Entrepreneurship Quality. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(1), 51–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258718780431

Chowdhury, F., Audretsch, D., & Belitski, M. (2015). Does corruption matter for international entrepreneurship? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 959–980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0372-5

Chowdhury, F. L. (2006). Corrupt bureaucracy and privatization of tax enforcement in Bangladesh. Dhaka : Pathak Shamabesh. http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/22969400

Chowdhury, F., Terjesen, S., & Audretsch, D. (2015). Varieties of entrepreneurship: Institutional drivers across entrepreneurial activity and country. European Journal of Law and Economics, 40(1), 121–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-014-9464-x

Chowdhury, S. K. (2012). The effect of democracy and press freedom on corruption: An empirical test. Economics Letters 85(1): 93-101.

Choy, J. P. (2020). Kompromat: A theory of blackmail as a system of governance. Journal of Development Economics, 102535-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102535

Christensen, H. B., Maffett, M. G., & Rauter, T. (2020). Reversing the Resource Curse: Foreign Corruption Regulation and Economic Development. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3712693

Christensen, H., Maffett, M. G., & Rauter, T. (2020). Reversing the Resource Curse: Foreign Corruption Regulation and Economic Development. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3714027

Christensen, J. (2011). The looting continues: Tax havens and corruption. Critical Perspectives

146 

 

on International Business, 7(2), 177–196. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1108/17422041111128249

Christensen, J. (2012). The hidden trillions: Secrecy, corruption, and the offshore interface. Crime, Law and Social Change, 57(3), 325–343.

Christensen, M. J. (2017). Crafting and Promoting International Crimes: A Controversy among Professionals of Core-Crimes and Anti-Corruption. 30(2), 501–521. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156517000036

Christensen, R., & Schultz, T. J. (2014). Identifying Election Fraud Using Orphan and Low Propensity Voters. American Politics Research, 42(2), 311–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X13498411

Christensen, Z., Homer, D., & Nielson, D. L. (2011). Dodging adverse selection: How donor type and governance condition aid’s effects on school enrollment. World Development, 39(11), 2044–2053.

Christensen, Z., Nielsen, R., Nielsen, D., & Tierney, M. (2011). Transparency Squared: The Effects of Aid Transparency on Recipients’ Corruption Levels [Working Paper].

Christöfl, A., Leopold-Wildburger, U., & Rasmußen, A. (2017). An experimental study on bribes, detection probability and principal witness policy. Journal of Business Economics, 87(8), 1067–1081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-017-0846-8

Chrysostom, M. (2019). Do Tanzanian Procuring Entities comply with Tender Advertisement and Disclosure? A Survey. Advances in Management, 12(2), 16–22.

Chu, C. (1990). A model of income tax evasion with venal tax officials: The case of Taiwan. Public Finance= Finances Publiques, 45(3), 392–408.

Chua, Y. T. (1999). Robbed: An investigation of corruption in philippine education. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism.

Chuchiak, J. F. (2020). Corruption and careerism in New Spain: Don Alonso de Peralta y Robles, Creole inquisitor, 1594-1610. Colonial Latin American Review, 29(3), 376–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2020.1798651

Chui, C. (2001). Tackling Corruption: School Education and Public Awareness. In Progress in the fight against corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Papers presented at the joint ABD-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region, Seoul, Korea, 11-13 December 2000. Asian Development Bank.

Chyzhevska, L. V., Koretska, Y. I., & Palamarchuk, A. S. (2019). Transparency of financial statements prepared under IFRS as an instrument of anti-corruption activity in Ukraine. Problemi Teorìï Ta Metodologìï Buhgaltersʹkogo Oblìku, Kontrolû ì Analìzu, 1(42),

147 

 

110–115. https://doi.org/10.26642/pbo-2019-1(42)-110-115

Cialdini, R. B. (1996). Social influence and the triple tumor structure of organizational dishonesty. In D. M. Messick & A. E. Tenbrunsel (Eds.), Codes of conduct: Behavioral research into business ethics (pp. 44–58). Russell Sage.

Ciccone, D. K., Vian, T., Maurer, L., & Bradley, E. H. (2014). Linking governance mechanisms to health outcomes: A review of the literature in low- and middle-income countries. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 117, 86–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.010

Cieślik, A., & Goczek, Ł. (2018a). Control of corruption, international investment, and economic growth – Evidence from panel data. World Development, 103, 323–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.10.028

Cieslik, A., & Goczek, L. (2018). Corruption, Privatisation and Economic Growth in Post-communist Countries. Europe - Asia Studies, 70(8), 1303–1325. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2018.1511771

Cieślik, A., & Goczek, Ł. (2018b). Initial Conditions and Privatisation as Causes of Post-Communist Corruption. Post-Communist Economies, 30(1), 36–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2017.1361693

Cimpoeru, V. M. (2015). Budget Transparency—Supporting Factor In The Causal Relationship Between Global Competitiveness And Control Of Corruption. Ecoforum, 4. https://doaj.org/article/c93a3303b8a9400fbe93f66af1c17617

Cingano, F., & Pinotti, P. (2013). Politicians at work: The private returns and social costs of political connections. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11(2), 433–465.

Cintra, R. F., Cassol, A., Ribeiro, I., & de Carvalho, A. O. (2018). Corruption and emerging markets: Systematic review of the most cited. Research in International Business and Finance, 45, 607–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.177

Ciocchini, F., Durbin, E., & Ng, D. T. (2003). Does corruption increase emerging market bond spreads? Journal of Economics and Business, 55(5), 503–528.

Cisar, O. (2003). Strategies for using information technologies for curbing public-sector corruption: The case of the Czech Republic (CR). Open Society Institute.

Cisneros, E., Hargrave, J., & Kis-Katos, K. (2013). Unintended consequences of anti-corruption strategies: Public fiscal audits and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Unpublished Working Paper.

Ciziceno, M., & Travaglino, G. (2019). Perceived Corruption and Individuals’ Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Institutional Trust. Social Indicators Research, 141(2), 685–701.

148 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1850-2

Claessens, S., Feijen, E., & Laeven, L. (2008). Political connections and preferential access to finance: The role of campaign contributions. Journal of Financial Economics, 88(3), 554–580.

Clague, C. (2003). The International Campaign Against Corruption: An Institutionalist Perspective. In J. C. Heckelman & D. Coates (Eds.), Collective choice essays in honor of Mancur Olson ; with 21 tables (pp. 187–217). Berlin: Springer-Verl.

Clammer, J. (2012). Corruption, Development, Chaos and Social Disorganisation: Sociological Reflections on Corruption and Its Social Basis. In M. Barcham, B. Hindess, & P. Larmour (Eds.), Corruption: Expanding the Focus (pp. 113–132). Canberra: ANU Press. http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=459875

Clare Cohen, J. (2002). Improving transparency in pharmaceutical systems: Strengthening critical decision points against corruption. Latin American and Carribean Bank.

Clark, D. (1987). A community relations approach to corruption: The case of Hong Kong. Corruption and Reform, 2(3), 235–257.

Clark, K. (2012). Do We Have Enough Ethics in Government Yet?: An Answer from Fiduciary Theory. University of Illinois Law Review, 1996(57).

Clark, R., Coviello, D., Gauthier, J.-F., & Shneyerov, A. (2018). Bid Rigging and Entry Deterrence in Public Procurement: Evidence from an Investigation into Collusion and Corruption in Quebec. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 34(3), 301–363.

Clarke, G., Friesenbichler, K., & Wong, M. (2015). Do Indirect Questions Reduce Lying about Corruption? Evidence from a Quasi-Field Experiment. Comparative Economic Studies, 57(1), 103–135. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2014.43

Clarke, G., Li, Y., & Xu, L. C. (2016). Business environment, economic agglomeration and job creation around the world. Applied Economics, 48(33), 3088–3103. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1136392

Clarke, G. R. (2011a). How petty is petty corruption? Evidence from firm surveys in Africa. World Development, 39(7), 1122–1132.

Clarke, G. R. (2011b). The Effect of Corruption on Competition for Government Contracts. Journal of US-China Public Administration, 8(10), 1101–1110.

Clarke, G. R. (2012). What Do Managers Mean When They Say’Firms Like Theirs’ Pay Bribes? International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(10), 161.

Clarke, G. R. G. (2019). Is corruption a greater burden for registered MSEs? Evidence from

149 

 

Zambia. Review of Development Economics, 23(4), 1604–1623. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12624

Clarke, G. R. G., & Xu, L. C. (2004). Privatization, competition, and corruption: How characteristics of bribe takers and payers affect bribes to utilities. Journal of Public Economics, 88(9), 2067–2097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2003.07.002

Claros, A. (2015). Removing impediments to sustainable economic development: The case of corruption. Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793993315500027

Clausen, B., Kraay, A., & Murrell, P. (2011). Does respondent reticence affect the results of corruption surveys? : Evidence from the World Bank enterprise survey for Nigeria. In Sarah Rose-Ackerman & T. Soreide (Eds.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (Vol. 2, pp. 428-). Elgar.

Clausen, B., Kraay, A., & Nyiri, Z. (2011). Corruption and Confidence in Public Institutions. World Bank Economic Review, 25(2), 212–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr018

Clausen, M. (2012). Corruption and democracy in Brazil. Brasiliana-Journal for Brazilian Studies, 1(1), 107–120.

Cleveland, D. C. (2007). Once Again, It Is Time to Speak More Clearly about Section 1346 and the Intangible Rights of Honest Services Doctrine in Mail and Wire Fraud. Northern Kentucky Law Review, 34, 117.

Cleveland, M., Favo, C. M., Frecka, T. J., & Owens, C. L. (2009). Trends in the international fight against bribery and corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(2), 199–244.

Clist, P., Isopi, A., & Morrissey, O. (2012). Selectivity on aid modality: Determinants of budget support from multilateral donors. The Review of International Organizations, 7(3), 267–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-011-9137-2

Closser, S. (2019). The Corruption Game: Health Systems, International Agencies, and the State in South Asia. Medical Anthropology Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/maq.12549

Clutterbuck, R. (1995). Peru: Cocaine, Terrorism and Corruption. International Relations, 12(5), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/004711789501200506

Co, E. E. A. (2007). Challenges to the Philippine culture of corruption. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and development: The anti-corruption campaigns (pp. 121–137). Palgrave Macmillan.

Coates, D., Naidenova, I., & Parshakov, P. (2019). Determinants of governmental support of Russian companies: Lessons on industrial policy, rent-seeking and corruption. Constitutional Political Economy, 30(4), 438–466.

150 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-019-09289-z

Coates, J. C., IV. (2015). Corporate speech & the First Amendment: History, data, and implications.(Continuation of II. Empirical Evidence on the Corporate Takeover of the First Amendment through III. The Relationship between the takeover to the New Corruption, with footnotes, p. 249-275)(Symposium: Money, Politics, Corporations and the Constitution). Constitutional Commentary, 30(2), 249.

Cobb, M. D., & Taylor, A. (2015). An Absence of Malice: The Limited Utility of Campaigning Against Party Corruption. American Politics Research; Am.Polit.Res., 43(6), 923–951. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X15570470

Cochrane, C. (2018). Boundary making in anti-corruption policy: Behaviour, responses and institutions. Australian Journal of Political Science, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2018.1509942

Cockcroft, A., Andersson, N., Paredes-Solís, S., Caldwell, D., Mitchell, S., Milne, D., Merhi, S., Roche, M., Konceviciute, E., & Ledogar, R. J. (2008). An inter-country comparison of unofficial payments: Results of a health sector social audit in the Baltic States. BMC Health Services Research, 8, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-8-15

Cockcroft, L. (2010). Global Corruption: An Untamed Hydra. World Policy Journal, 27(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1162/wopj.2010.27.1.21

Cockcroft, L. (2013). Global corruption: Money, power and ethics in the modern world. IB Tauris.

Coco, G., & Lagravinese, R. (2014). Cronyism and education performance. Economic Modelling, 38(Journal, Electronic), 443–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.01.027

Coetzee, J. (2015). The impact of corruption on development: A comparative developmental perspective. Nawa: Journal of Language and Communication, 9(1), 89.

Coffee Jr., J. C. (1997). Modern Mail Fraud: The Restoration of the Public/Private Distinction. Am. Crim. L. Rev., 35, 427.

Cohen, D. V. (1993). Creating and maintaining ethical work climates: Anomie in the workplace and implications for managing change. Business Ethics Quarterly, 343–358.

Cohen, J. M. (2010). Narrow, Don’t Abolish, FCPA Facilitating Payments Exception. ALM, 244(5).

Cohen, J. M., Holland, M. P., & Wolf, A. P. (2008). Under the FCPA, Who Is a Foreign Official Anyway? The Business Lawyer, 63(4), 1243–1274.

151 

 

Cohen, J. R., Pant, L. W., & Sharp, D. J. (1996). A methodological note on cross-cultural accounting ethics research. The International Journal of Accounting, 31(1), 55–66.

Cohen, M. J. (2018). Protesting via the Null Ballot: An Assessment of the Decision to Cast an Invalid Vote in Latin America. Political Behavior, 40(2), 395–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-017-9405-9

Cohen, P., & Marriott, A. L. (2010). International Corruption. Sweet & Maxwell.

Cohn, A., & Marechal, M. A. (2018). Laboratory Measure of Cheating Predicts School Misconduct. Economic Journal, 128(615), 2743–2754. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12572

Cohn, Alain, Maréchal, M. A., Tannenbaum, D., & Zünd, C. L. (2019). Civic honesty around the globe. Science, eaau8712. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau8712

Cokgezen, M. (2004). Corruption in Kyrgyzstan: The facts, causes and consequences. Central Asian Survey, 23(1), 79–94.

Colares, J. F. (2006). The evolving domestic and international law against foreign corruption: Some new and old dilemmas facing the international lawyer. Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 5(1), 1–30.

Colazingari, S., & Rose-Ackerman, S. (1998). Corruption in a paternalistic democracy: Lessons from Italy for Latin America. Political Science Quarterly, 113, 447–470.

Colbran, N. (2009). Courage Under Fire: The First Five Years of the Indonesian Judicial Commission. Australian Journal of Asian Law, 11(2), 273–301.

Coldham, S. (1995). Legal responses to state corruption in Commonwealth Africa. Journal of African Law, 39(02), 115–126.

Cole, M. A. (2007). Corruption, income and the environment: An empirical analysis. Ecological Economics, 62(3), 637–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.08.003

Cole, M. A., Elliott, R. J. R., & Fredriksson, P. G. (2006). Endogenous Pollution Havens: Does FDI Influence Environmental Regulations?*. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 108(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2006.00439.x

Cole, M. A., Elliott, R. J. R., & Zhang, J. (2009). Corruption, Governance and FDI Location in China: A Province-Level Analysis. The Journal of Development Studies, 45(9), 1494–1512. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380902890276

Cole, S., & Tran, A. (2011). Evidence from the firm: A new approach to understanding corruption. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Soreide (Eds.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (Vol. 2, pp. 408-). Elgar.

152 

 

Cole, W. M. (2015). Institutionalizing a global anti-corruption regime: Perverse effects on country outcomes, 1984-2012. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 56(1), 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715215578885

Coleman, S. (2017). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. American Criminal Law Review, 54(4), 1381–1442.

Coleman, Stephen. (2004). When police should say “no!” to gratuities. Criminal Justice Ethics, 23(1), 33–44.

Collier, M. (2002). Explaining corruption: An institutional choice approach. Crime, Law and Social Change, 38(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019802614530

Collier, M. W. (2013). Political corruption in the Caribbean Basin: Constructing a theory to combat corruption. Routledge.

Collier, P. (2000). How to reduce corruption. African Development Review, 12(2), 191–205.

Collier, P. (2006a). African Growth: Why a “Big Push”? Journal of African Economies, 15(2), 188–211.

Collier, P. (2006b). Is aid oil? An analysis of whether Africa can absorb more aid. World Development, 34(9), 1482–1497.

Collier, P., & Dollar, D. (2004). Development Effectiveness: What have we learnt? The Economic Journal, 114(496), F244–F271.

Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (2004). Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Economic Papers, 56(4), 563–595.

Collier, P., & Vicente, P. C. (2012). Violence, bribery, and fraud: The political economy of elections in Sub-Saharan Africa. Public Choice, 153(1–2), 117–147.

Collignon, P., Athukorala, P., Senanayake, S., & Khan, F. (2015). Antimicrobial Resistance: The Major Contribution of Poor Governance and Corruption to This Growing Problem. PLoS One, 10(3), n/a. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116746

Collin, M. (2020). Illicit Financial Flows: Concepts, Measurement, and Evidence. World Bank Research Observer, 35(1), 44–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkz007

Collins, J., McMullen, J., & Reutzel, C. (2016). Distributive justice, corruption, and entrepreneurial behavior. Small Business Economics, 47(4), 981–1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9751-8

Collins, J., Uhlenbruck, K., & Rodriguez, P. (2009). Why Firms Engage in Corruption: A Top Management Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 89–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9872-3

153 

 

Colombatto, E. (2003). Why is corruption tolerated? The Review of Austrian Economics, 16(4), 363–379.

Colombo, G. (2006). Investigating and Prosecuting Large-scale Corruption. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 4(3), 510–521. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mql030

Colón, R., & Bladuell, H. G. (2014). Auditors and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Lessons from Latin America. Accounting in Latin America (Research in Accounting in Emerging Economies, Volume 14) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 14(Journal Article), 105–133.

Colonnelli, E., & Prem, M. (2017). Corruption and Firms (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2931602). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2931602

Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. (2004). Policing culture, cultural policing: Law and social order in postcolonial South Africa. Law & Social Inquiry, 29(3), 513–545.

Compte, O. (2005). Corruption and competition in procurement auctions. The Rand Journal of Economics, 36(1), 1–15.

Condrea, E. (2013). Corruption as a major supporter of underground economy in Romania. Actual Problems of Economics, 6, 273–282.

Connelly, B. S., & Ones, D. S. (2008). The Personality of Corruption: A National-Level Analysis. Cross-Cultural Research, 42(4), 353–385. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397108321904

Connolly, M. (2007). Measuring the effect of corruption on sovereign bond ratings. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 10(4), 309–323.

Conover, K. (2014). Rethinking anti-corruption reforms: The view from ancient Athens.(The Rule of Law in Ancient Athens). Buffalo Law Review, 62(1), 69–117.

Conroy, P., & Hunter, G. (2011). Economic Analysis of Damages under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

Conry, C. A. (2010). Complying with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in the Global Healthcare Industry. Journal of Health & Life Sciences Law, 3, 1–15.

Contreras-Hermosilla, A. (2002). Law compliance in the forestry sector: An overview. World Bank.

Conway, P., & Wu, X. (2004). Corruption and Unemployment.

Coogan, J., Lin Forder, E., Madir, J., Seiler, N., & Wee, C. (2015). Combatting fraud and corruption in international development. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(2), 228.

154 

 

Cook, T. E., & Gronke, P. (2005). The skeptical American: Revisiting the meanings of trust in government and confidence in institutions. Journal of Politics, 67(3), 784–803.

Cooksey, B. (1998). Corruption in aid? How much is acceptable? Governance, 1, 13–18.

Cooksey, B. (2010). Trends in Corruption during the Mkapa Era—Who Wants to Know? In K. Havnevik & A. C. Isinika (Eds.), Tanzania in Transition: From Nyerere to Mkapa (pp. 179–206). Mkuki na Nyota Publishers.

Cooksey, B. (2012). Aid, governance and corruption control: A critical assessment. Crime, Law and Social Change, 58(5), 521–531.

Cooksey, B. (2002). Can aid agencies really help combat corruption? 2, 45–56.

Cooksey, B., Fundikila, W., & Mikongoti, P. (2018). A review of the performance of Tanzania’s Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau, 2007-16.

Cooley, A., Heathershaw, J., & Sharman, J. C. (2018). Laundering Cash, White Washing Reputations. Journal of Democracy, 29(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0003

Cooley, A., & Sharman, J. C. (2015). Blurring the line between licit and illicit: Transnational corruption networks in Central Asia and beyond. Central Asian Survey, 34(1), 11–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2015.1010799

Cooley, A., & Sharman, J. C. (2017). Transnational Corruption and the Globalized Individual. Perspectives on Politics, 15(3), 732–753. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592717000937

Cooper, J. J. (2015). How Robust is Institutionalized Extortion? A Field Experiment with Truck Drivers in West Africa.

Cooray, A., & Schneider, F. (2016). Does corruption promote emigration? An empirical examination. Journal Of Population Economics; J.Popul.Econ., 29(1), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-015-0563-y

Cooray, Arusha, & Dzhumashev, R. (2018). The effect of corruption on labour market outcomes. Economic Modelling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.05.015

Cooray, Arusha, Dzhumashev, R., & Schneider, F. (2017). How Does Corruption Affect Public Debt? An Empirical Analysis. World Development, 90, 115–127.

Copelovitch, M., Gandrud, C., & Hallerberg, M. (2015). Financial regulatory transparency: New data and implications for EU policy (No. 11353; Policy Contributions). Bruegel. https://ideas.repec.org/p/bre/polcon/11353.html

Coppier, R. (2006). Corruption, tax revenue and growth: A non linear relationship? (p. 243) [Working Paper]. http://economiaediritto.unimc.it/departments/ded/it/ricerca/pubblicazioni/quaderni/QDief

155 

 

272005.pdf

Coppier, R., Costantini, M., & Piga, G. (2009). Do" clean hands" ensure healthy growth?: Theory and practice in the battle against corruption [Working Paper]. Inst. für Höhere Studien (IHS). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gustavo_Piga/publication/46459811_Do_Clean_Hands_Ensure_Healthy_Growth_Theory_and_Practice_in_the_Battle_Against_Corruption/links/02e7e5211d3cac9687000000.pdf

Coppier, R., Costantini, M., & Piga, G. (2013). The Role of Monitoring of Corruption in a Simple Endogenous Growth Model. Economic Inquiry, 51(4), 1972–1985. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12007

Coppier, R., & Michetti, E. (2006). Corruption vs production. A non-linear relationship. Economic Modelling, 23(4), 622–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2006.03.003

Corbacho, A., Gingerich, D. W., Oliveros, V., & Ruiz-Vega, M. (2016). Corruption as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Costa Rica. American Journal of Political Science, 60(4), 1077–1092. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12244

Corbett, J., & Shiu, R. N. (2014). Leadership Succession and the High Drama of Political Conduct: Corruption Stories from Samoa*. Pacific Affairs, 87(4), 743–763.

Cordero, G., & Blais, A. (2017). Is a corrupt government totally unacceptable? West European Politics, 40(4), 645–662. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2017.1280746

Cordis, A. S. (2014). Corruption and the Composition of Public Spending in the United States. Public Finance Review, 42(6), 745.

Cordis, A. S., & Milyo, J. (2016). Measuring Public Corruption in the United States: Evidence From Administrative Records of Federal Prosecutions. Public Integrity, 18(2), 127–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2015.1111748

Cordis, Adriana. (2009). Judicial checks on corruption in the United States. Economics of Governance, 10(4), 375–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-009-0065-z

Cordis, Adriana, & Milyo, J. (2013). Do state campaign finance reforms reduce public corruption? (George Mason University, Mercatus Center, Working Paper 13-09). http://web.missouri.edu/milyoj/files/Cordis_Milyo_CFR_and%20Corruption.pdf

Cordis, Adriana, & Milyo, J. (2015). Don’t Blame the Weather: Federal Natural Disaster Aid and Public Corruption [Working Paper]. Mercatus Center. http://web.missouri.edu/milyoj/files/Cordis_DisasterAidCorruption_v1.pdf

Cordis, As, & Warren, P. (2014). Sunshine as disinfectant: The effect of state Freedom of Information Act laws on public corruption. Journal Of Public Economics; J.Public

156 

 

Econ., 115(Journal Article), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.03.010

Cornelius, W. A. (2000). Mobilized voting in the 2000 elections: The changing efficacy of vote buying and coercion in Mexican electoral politics. In J. I. Dominguez & C. Lawson (Eds.), Mexico’s pivotal democratic elections: Candidates, voters, and the presidential campaign of (pp. 47–65). Stanford University Press.

Cornell, A., & Sundell, A. (2019). Money Matters: The Role of Public Sector Wages in Corruption Prevention. Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12634

Coronel, S. (2010). Corruption and the watchdog role of the news media. In P. Norris (Ed.), Public Sentinel: News Media and Governance Reform. World Bank.

Coronel, S. S. (1998). Pork and other Perks: Corruption and Governance in the Philippines | Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. http://pcij.org/books/pork-and-other-perks-corruption-and-governance-in-the-philippines/

Corporate anti-corruption disclosure. (2017). Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 30(8), 1746–1770. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-02-2015-1965

Corr, C. F., & Lawler, J. (1999). Damned If You Do, Damned If You Don’t—The OECD Convention and the Globalization of Anti-Bribery Measures. Vand. J. Transnat’l L., 32, 1249.

Corrado, G. (2020). Institutional quality and access to financial services: Evidence from European transition economies. Journal of Economic Studies (Bradford), 47(6), 1363–1376. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-03-2019-0131

Corrado, G., & Rossetti, F. (2018). Public corruption: A study across regions in Italy. Journal of Policy Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2018.01.001

Corral-Cumbreras, M., & Powell, T.-E. (2019). The effect of consumption of corruption-related news on political cynicism. Communication & Society (Formerly Comunicación y Sociedad), 32(4), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.32.4.47-62

Correa, E. A., Jetter, M., & Agudelo, A. M. (2016). Corruption: Transcending Borders. Kyklos, 69(2), 183–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12108

Correani, L. (2005). Preferences, Development and Corruption Trap. Economia Politica, 22(2), 177–200.

Corrigan, C. C. (2014). Breaking the resource curse: Transparency in the natural resource sector and the extractive industries transparency initiative. Resources Policy, 40, 17–30.

Corruption Watch. (2016). Out of Court, Out of Mind: Do Deferred Prosecution Agreements and Corporate Settlements Fail To Deter Overseas Corruption.

157 

 

http://www.cw-uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Corruption-Watch-Out-of-Court-Out-of-Mind.pdf

Corstange, D. (2012). Vote trafficking in Lebanon. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 44(03), 483–505.

Cosenz, F., & Noto, G. (2014). A Dynamic Simulation Approach to Frame Drivers and Implications of Corruption Practices on Firm Performance. European Management Review, 11(3–4), 239.

Costa, A. M. (2006). The Global Challenge of Corruption: Fighting Crime and Building Integrity. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The Corruption Monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 61–68). Czernin Verlag.

Costa, J. (2017). Networks and illicit associations in corrupt exchanges: Representing a gelatinous system in Italy. Global Crime, 18(4), 353–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2017.1332594

Costa, L. D. A., & Mainardes, E. W. (2016). The role of corruption and risk aversion in entrepreneurial intentions. Applied Economics Letters, 23(4), 290–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1071462

Costa, S. (2013). Do Freedom of Information Laws Decrease Corruption? The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 29(6), 1317–1343. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ews016

Costas-Pérez, E., Solé-Ollé, A., & Sorribas-Navarro, P. (2012). Corruption scandals, voter information, and accountability. European Journal of Political Economy, 28(4), 469–484.

Cotton, R. D., Stevenson, W., & Bartunek, J. (2017). A Way Forward: Cascading Ethical and Change Leadership, Values Enactment, and Group-Level Effects on Commitment in Corruption Recovery. Journal Of Applied Behavioral Science, 53(1), 89–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886316682591

Coupet, E. (2003). Investment and corruption: A look at causality. Journal of the Academy of Business and Economics., 1(2).

Coupet, E. (2009). Corruption: An Analysis of Its Effects on Output, Investments and Economic Growth. VDM Publishing.

Coupet Jr, E. (2011). Corruption, investment and economic growth: Theory and international evidence. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 1(1).

Couto, F. F., & Carrieri, A. de P. (2020). The other side of compliance systems and codes of ethics: A Foucauldian perspective on rule-based ethics and corruption control. Innovar : Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales, 30(78). https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v30n78.90299

158 

 

Couttenier, M., & Toubal, F. (2017). Corruption for sales. Journal Of Comparative Economics, 45(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2016.11.008

Coviello, D., & Gagliarducci, S. (2010). Building Political Collusion: Evidence from Procurement Auctions. 4939.

Coviello, D., & Mariniello, M. (2014). Publicity requirements in public procurement: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design. Journal of Public Economics, 109, 76–100.

Covington, J. P., Newkirk, T. C., & Tillipman, J. (2005). FCPA Enforcement in a Sarbanes-Oxley World. Corporate Counselor, 20(3).

Cowley, E., & Smith, S. (2014). Motivation and mission in the public sector: Evidence from the World Values Survey. Theory and Decision, 76(2), 241–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11238-013-9371-6

Cox, G. W., & Kousser, J. M. (1981). Turnout and rural corruption: New York as a test case. American Journal of Political Science, 646–663.

Coxson, S. L. (2009). Assessment of Armenian local government corruption potential. Public Administration and Development, 29(3), 193–203.

Crabb, J. (2017). Distressed M&A could ease Brazilian corruption. International Financial Law Review.

Crabb, J. (2018). Mexico to launch own Lava Jato-style investigation. International Financial Law Review.

Crabtree, J. (2014). Funding Local Government: Use (and Abuse) of Peru’s Canon System. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 33(4), 452–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12174

Cragg, A. (1998). Business, globalization, and the logic and ethics of corruption. International Journal, 53(4), 643–660.

Cragg, W., & Woof, W. (2002). The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A Study of Its Effectiveness. Business and Society Review, 107(1), 98–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/0045-3609.00129

Craigwell, R., & Wright, A. (2011). Foreign direct investment and corruption in developing economies: Evidence from linear and non-linear panel Granger causality tests. Economics Bulletin, 31(3), 2272–2283.

Crawford, B. (2015). The Freezing Assets of Corrupt Officials Act: A Critical Analysis. The Canadian Business Law Journal, 56(3), 407.

Crawford, G., & Botchwey, G. (2017). Conflict, collusion and corruption in small-scale gold mining: Chinese miners and the state in Ghana. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics,

159 

 

55(4), 444–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2017.1283479

Cremades, B. M., & Cairns, D. J. A. (2003). Corruption, international public policy and the duties of arbitrators. Dispute Resolution Journal, 58(4), 76.

Cremer, G. (2010). Corruption & development aid: Confronting the challenges.

Crider, K., & Milyo, J. (2013). Do State Ethics Commissions Reduce Political Corruption: An Exploratory Investigation. UC Irvine L. Rev., 3, 717.

Crisan, E. L., Crisan-Mitra, C., & Dragos, C. (2018). The Impact on Migration Intentions of Perceived Corruption at the Organizational and Country Level in Romania. Eastern European Economics, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2018.1533410

Crisp, B. F., Olivella, S., Potter, J. D., & Mishler, W. (2014). Elections as instruments for punishing bad representatives and selecting good ones. Electoral Studies, 34, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.08.017

Crites, D. M. (2012). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act at thirty-five: A practitioner’s guide. Ohio State Law Journal, 73(5), 1049–1068.

Crivellaro, A. (2013). The Courses of Action Available to International Arbitrators to Address Issues of Bribery and Corruption. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3).

Crivelli, E., & Gupta, S. (2016). Does conditionality in IMF-supported programs promote revenue reform? International Tax and Public Finance, 23(3), 550–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-015-9379-7

Croes, P. R., & Vermeulen, W. J. V. (2019). Quantification of corruption in preventative cost-based S-LCA: A contribution to the Oiconomy project. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 24(1), 142–3349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-018-1507-z

Croes, P., & Vermeulen, W. (2018). Quantification of corruption in preventative cost-based S-LCA: A contribution to the Oiconomy project. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-018-1507-z

Crook, R., & Manor, J. (2000). Democratic decentralization. (No. 11; World Bank Operations Evaluation Department Working Paper).

Crotty, J. (1997). Practical measures to promote integrity in customs administrations.

Cruz, C. (2014). Social Networks and Electoral Strategies in the Philippines.

Cruz, C., & Keefer, P. (2013). The organization of political parties and the politics of bureaucratic reform.

Cruz, J. M. (2015). Police Misconduct and Political Legitimacy in Central America. Journal of

160 

 

Latin American Studies, 47(2), 251–283. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X15000085

Cuadrado-Ballesteros, B., & Peña-Miguel, N. (2020). Corruption Perception following Privatization Reforms: The Moderating Role of Governance. Revista de Contabilidad: Spanish Accounting Review, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.361041

Cudmore, E., & Whalley, J. (2003). Border Delays and Trade Liberalization (Working Paper No. 9485). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w9485

Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2014). Transparency and Corruption. In J. Forssbæck & L. Oxelheim (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Economic and Institutional Transparency. Oxford University Press. http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199917693.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199917693

Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2016). Corruption in international business. Journal Of World Business; J.World Bus., 51(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.08.015

Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro. (2006). Who cares about corruption? Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 807. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400223

Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro. (2008a). Better the Devil You Don’t Know: Types of Corruption and FDI in Transition Economies. Journal of International Management, 14(1), 12–17.

Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro. (2008b). The effectiveness of laws against bribery abroad. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(4), 634. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400372

Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro, Ciravegna, L., Melgarejo, M., & Lopez, L. (2018). Home country uncertainty and the internationalization-performance relationship: Building an uncertainty management capability. Journal of World Business, 53(2), 209–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2017.11.002

Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro, & Genc, M. (2008). Transforming disadvantages into advantages: Developing-country MNEs in the least developed countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(6), 957–979. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400390

Çule, M., & Fulton, M. (2005). Some implications of the unofficial economy–bureaucratic corruption relationship in transition countries. Economics Letters, 89(2), 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2005.05.027

Çule, M., & Fulton, M. (2009). Business culture and tax evasion: Why corruption and the unofficial economy can persist. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 72(3), 811–822.

Cull, R., & Xu, L. C. (2005). Institutions, ownership, and finance: The determinants of profit reinvestment among Chinese firms. Journal of Financial Economics, 77(1), 117–146.

161 

 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.05.010

Cullen, J. B., Parboteeah, K. P., & Hoegl, M. (2004). Cross-National Differences in Managers’ Willingness to Justify Ethically Suspect Behaviors: A Test of Institutional Anomie Theory. The Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 411–421.

Cummins, M., & Gillanders, R. (2020). Greasing the Turbines? Corruption and access to electricity in Africa. Energy Policy, 137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111188

Curini, L. (2015a). An Italian Leitmotiv? Corruption and Competence in the Debates of the Italian Chamber of Deputies (1946–2014). South European Society & Politics, 20(4), 509–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2015.1108585

Curini, L. (2015b). The Conditional Ideological Inducement to Campaign on Character Valence Issues in Multiparty Systems: The Case of Corruption. Comparative Political Studies, 48(2), 168.

Curini, L., & Martelli, P. (2015). A case of valence competition in elections. 21(5), 686–698. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068813491540

Czap, H. J., & Nur-tegin, K. D. (2012). Government Positions for Sale-A Model of Grand Corruption. Business and Politics, 14(2).

Da Silva, M. O. (2020). Ethical Standards, Transparency, and Corruption in Brazilian Courts. New York University Journal of International Law & Politics, 52(3), 777-.

Dabla-Norris, E. (2000). A game-theoretic analysis of corruption in bureaucracies (No. 00/106). International Monetary Fund.

Dabla-Norris, E., Brumby, J., Kyobe, A., Mills, Z., & Papageorgiou, C. (2012). Investing in public investment: An index of public investment efficiency. Journal of Economic Growth, 17(3), 235–266.

Dabla‐Norris, E., & Freeman, S. (2004). Enforcement of property rights and underdevelopment. Review of Development Economics, 8(3), 391–405.

Dabla-Norris, E., Gradstein, M., & Inchauste, G. (2008). What causes firms to hide output? The determinants of informality. Journal of Development Economics, 85(1), 1–27.

Dabla-Norris, E., & Wade, P. (2001). Rent Seeking and Endogenous Income Inequality.

Dabla-Norris, M. E., & Paul, E. (2006). What transparency can do when incentives fail: An analysis of rent capture. International Monetary Fund.

Dada Ojo, M. O. (2014). The Nigeria police and the search for integrity in the midst of diverse challenges: An effective police management approach. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 16(2), 87–100.

162 

 

Dadalauri, N. (2007). Political corruption in Georgia. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and Development:The Anti-Corruption Campaigns (pp. 155–166). Springer.

Dadasov, R. (2016). EU Aid and the Quality of Governance (No. 47; Working Papers/European Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State Building). http://www.againstcorruption.eu/reports/eu-aid-and-quality-of-governance/

Dadasov, R., Hefeker, C., & Lorz, O. (2017). Natural Resource Extraction, Corruption, and Expropriation. Review of World Economics, 153(4), 809–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-017-0288-y

Dadhich, S. (2016). Old dog, new tricks: Fighting corruption in the African natural resources space with the Money Laundering Control Act. American Journal of Criminal Law, 44(1), 71–116.

D’Agostino, G., Dunne, J. P., & Pieroni, L. (2012). Corruption, military spending and growth. Defence and Peace Economics, 23(6), 591–604.

D’Agostino, G., Dunne, J. P., & Pieroni, L. (2016). Corruption and growth in Africa. European Journal of Political Economy, 43(Journal Article), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.03.002

D’Agostino, Giorgio, Dunne, J., & Pieroni, L. (2016). Government Spending, Corruption and Economic Growth. World Development, 84(Journal Article), 190.

Dahlberg, S., & Holmberg, S. (2014). Democracy and Bureaucracy: How their Quality Matters for Popular Satisfaction. West European Politics, 37(3), 515–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2013.830468

Dahlberg, S., Linde, J., & Holmberg, S. (2013). Dissatisfied democrats: A matter of representation or performance?

Dahlberg, S., & Solevid, M. (2016). Does Corruption Suppress Voter Turnout. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 26(4), 489–510.

Dahlström, C. (2015). Bureaucracy and corruption. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 110–120). Routledge.

Dahlström, C., & Lapuente, V. (2017). Organizing Leviathan: Politicians, bureaucrats and the making of good government. Cambridge University Press.

Dahlström, C., Lapuente, V., & Teorell, J. (2012). The Merit of Meritocratization. Political Research Quarterly, 65(3), 656–668. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912911408109

Dahlström, C., Lindvall, J., & Rothstein, B. (2013). Corruption, bureaucratic failure and social policy priorities. Political Studies, 61(3), 523–542.

163 

 

Dai, M., Sidiropoulos, M., & Spyromitros, E. (2015). Fiscal Policy, Institutional Quality and Central Bank Transparency. The Manchester School, 83(5), 523.

Dakolias, M., & Thachuk, K. (2000). Attacking corruption in the judiciary: A critical process in judicial reform. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 18(2), 353–406.

Dal Bo, E. (2007). Bribing voters. American Journal of Political Science, 51(4), 789–803.

Dal Bo, E., Dal Bo, P., & Di Tella, R. (2006). “Plata o Plomo?”: Bribe and Punishment in a Theory of Political Influence. American Political Science Review, 100(1), 41–53.

Dal Bó, E., & Di Tella, R. (2003). Capture by threat. Journal of Political Economy, 111(5), 1123–1154.

Dal Bó, E., & Rossi, M. A. (2007). Corruption and inefficiency: Theory and evidence from electric utilities. Journal of Public Economics, 91(5), 939–962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.11.005

Dalgaard, C.-J., & Olsson, O. (2008). Windfall Gains, Political Economy and Economic Development. Journal of African Economies, 17(suppl 1), 72–109.

Dalgic, E., & Long, N. V. (2006). Corrupt local governments as resource farmers: The helping hand and the grabbing hand. European Journal of Political Economy, 22(1), 115–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.07.001

D’Alterio, E. (2014). Global Integrity: National Administrations versus Global Regimes. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach (pp. 198–214). Elgar.

Dalton, M. M. (2006). Efficiency v. Morality: The Codification of Cultural Norms in the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. NYU Journal of Law & Business, 2, 583–639.

Daly, C. C., & Fariello Jr, F. A. (2012). Transforming through Transparency: Opening up the World Bank’s Sanctions Regime. World Bank Legal Review, 4, 101-.

Damania, R. (2002). Environmental controls with corrupt bureaucrats. Environment and Development Economics, 7(03), 407–427.

Damania, R., & Bulte, E. (2008). Resources for Sale: Corruption, Democracy and the Natural Resource Curse. The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 8(1).

Damania, R., Fredriksson, P. G., & List, J. A. (2003). Trade liberalization, corruption, and environmental policy formation: Theory and evidence. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 46(3), 490–512.

Damania, R., Fredriksson, P., & Mani, M. (2004). The Persistence of Corruption and Regulatory Compliance Failures: Theory and Evidence. Public Choice, 121(3), 363–390.

164 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-004-1684-0

Damgaard, M. (2018). Cascading corruption news: Explaining the bias of media attention to Brazil’s political scandals. Opinião Pública, 24(1), 114–143.

Dammert, L. (2017). The Peruvian Perfect Storm: State Fragility, Corruption and Organized Crime. In H. S. Kassab & J. D. Rosen (Eds.), Fragile States in the Americas. Lexington Books.

Damon, F.-Y. (2003). Corruption in Mainland China Today: Data and Law in a Dubious Battle. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 175–201). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0007

Dandago, K. I., & Arugu, L. O. (2014). Corruption in Educating Accounting and Finance Students as Root to Financial Crimes in Africa. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 3(1), 138–149.

Dandurand, G. (2019). When Biopolitics Turn Digital: Transparency, Corruption, and Erasures from the Infrastructure of Rationing in Delhi. PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 42(2), 268–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/plar.12305

Dane, E., & Sonenshein, S. (2015). On the role of experience in ethical decision making at work: An ethical expertise perspective. Organizational Psychology Review, 5(1), 74–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386614543733

Dang, D. A. (2013). How Foreign Direct Investment Promote Institutional Quality: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(4), 1054–1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.05.010

Dang, L., & Yang, R. (2016). Anti-corruption, marketisation and firm behaviours: Evidence from firm innovation in China. Economic and Political Studies, 4(1), 39–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2016.1152093

Dang, Q. V. (2016). The Impact of Corruption on Provincial Development Performance in Vietnam. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 325–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9608-8

Daniel, T., & Maton, J. (2013). Is the UNCAC an effective deterrent to grand corruption? In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 293–327). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A023

Daniele, G., Galletta, S., & Geys, B. (2020). Abandon ship? Party brands and politicians’ responses to a political scandal. Journal of Public Economics, 184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104172

Daniels, B., Buntaine, M., & Bangerter, T. (2020). Testing Transparency. Northwestern

165 

 

University Law Review, 114(5), 1263–1333.

Danil, E., & Kurniawan, I. (2017). Optimizing Confiscation of Assets in Accelerating the Eradication of Corruption. Hasanuddin Law Review, 3(1), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i1.717

Danilov, A. P., Dikayev, S. U., & Kabanov, P. A. (2014). Preventive impact on corruption in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Review of the commentary to the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «on combating corruption». Aktualʹnye Problemy Èkonomiki i Prava, 8(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.08.2014.2.227-237

Danopoulos, C. P.--(Constantine P. (2014). The Cultural Roots of Corruption in Greece. Mediterranean Quarterly, 25(2), 105–130.

Daoud, A. (2015). Quality of Governance, Corruption and Absolute Child Poverty in India. Journal of South Asian Development, 10(2), 148–167.

D’Aoust, O., & Sterck, O. (2016). Who Benefits from Customary Justice? Rent-seeking, Bribery and Criminality in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Economies, 25(3), 439–467. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejw001

Darabare, S. J. (2014). Electoral Corrupt Practice and Electoral Offences: An Analysis. Journal of Legal Analysis and Research, 1(3), 69.

Darby, J., Desbordes, R., & Wooton, I. (2010). Does public governance always matter? How experience of poor institutional quality influences FDI to the South. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1738168

D’Arcy, M., & Cornell, A. (2016). Devolution and Corruption in Kenya: Everyone’s Turn To Eat? African Affairs, 115(459), 246.

Darden, K. (2008). The Integrity of Corrupt States: Graft as an Informal State Institution. Politics and Society, 36(1), 35–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329207312183

Darley, J. M. (1992). Social Organization for the Production of Evil. Psychological Inquiry, 3(2), 199.

Darley, J. M. (1996). How Organizations Socialize Individuals into Evildoing. In David M. Messick & A. E. Tenbrunsel (Eds.), Codes of conduct: Behavioral research into business ethics (pp. 13–43). Russell Sage.

Darley, J. M. (2005). The cognitive and social psychology of contagious organizational corruption.(Corporate Misbehavior by Elite Decision-Makers Symposium: Perspectives from Law and Social Psychology). Brooklyn Law Review, 70(4), 1165–1176.

Darley, W. K. (2012). Increasing Sub-Saharan Africa’s share of foreign direct investment: Public

166 

 

policy challenges, strategies, and implications. Journal of African Business, 13(1), 62–69.

Darmer, R. E., Klehm, H., & Roseman, J. S. (2018). Ten Board Questions On Anticorruption Compliance. Corporate Board, 39(231), 20.

Darr, A. (2003). Gifting practices and interorganizational relations: Constructing obligation networks in the electronics sector. Sociological Forum, 18(1), 31–51.

Darrough, M. (2010). The FCPA and the OECD Convention: Some Lessons from the U.S. Experience. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 255–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0219-5

Darrough, M. N. (1999). Privatization and Corruption: Patronage vs. Spoils. International Public Management Journal, 2(2), 273–298.

Das, A., & Parry, M. M. B. (2011). Greasing or Sanding? GMM Estimation of the Corruption-Investment Relationship. International Journal of Economics and Research, 02(02), 95–108.

Das, J., & Dirienzo, C. (2009). The nonlinear impact of globalization on corruption. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research : IJBFR, 3(2), 33–46.

Das, J., & Dirienzo, C. (2010). Tourism Competitiveness and Corruption: A Cross-Country Analysis. Tourism Economics, 16(3), 477–492. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000010792278392

Das, J., & DiRienzo, C. E. (2012). Spatial Decay of Corruption in Africa and The Middle East. Economic Papers: A Journal of Applied Economics and Policy, 31(4), 508–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-3441.12008

Das, K. C., & Mahalik, M. K. (2020). International subsidiary performance of Indian multinationals in the extractive sector: The role of institutional quality, corruption and investment regime. Resources Policy, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101664

Das, S., & Pohit, S. (2006). Quantifying Transport, Regulatory and Other Costs of Indian Overland Exports to Bangladesh. World Economy, 29(9), 1227–1242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00810.x

Das, V. (2015). Corruption and the possibility of life. Contributions To Indian Sociology; Contrib.India.Sociol., 49(3), 322–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0069966715593824

Das, Vasudev. (2018a). Judicial corruption: The case of Nigeria. Journal of Financial Crime, 25(4), 926–939. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2017-0011

Das, Vasudev. (2018b). Kleptocracy in Nigeria. Journal of Financial Crime, 25(1), 57–69.

167 

 

Dasgupta, S. (2019). The Power of Corruption. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, 39(3), 558–562. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-7885524

Dash, D. P., Behera, S. R., Rao, D. T., Sethi, N., & Loganathan, N. (2020). Governance, urbanization, and pollution: A cross-country analysis of global south region. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1742023

Daskalopoulou, I. (2016). Rent seeking or corruption? An analysis of income satisfaction and perceptions of institutions in Greece. The Social Science Journal, 53(4), 477–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2016.08.003

Dass, N., Nanda, V., & Xiao, S. C. (2016). Public Corruption in the United States: Implications for Local Firms. The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, 5(1), 102–138. https://doi.org/10.1093/rcfs/cfv016

Dass, N., Nanda, V., & Xiao, S. C. (2020). Geographic Clustering of Corruption in the United States. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04513-5

Dastidar, K. G., & Mukherjee, D. (2014). Corruption in delegated public procurement auctions. European Journal of Political Economy, 35(Journal Article), 122–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.05.003

Daswani, G. (2020). On Cynicism: Activist and Artistic Responses to Corruption in Ghana. Cultural Anthropology, 35(1), 104–133. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca35.1.09

Datt, D. (2016). Inter-governmental political relations in a federation and illegal mining of natural resources. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 18(4), 557–576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-015-0123-4

Datu, T. T., & Nawawi, H. J. (2014). Implementation of Good Governance and Bureaucratic Reform in Indonesia. International Journal of Academic Research, 6(3), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-3/B.1

Daude, C., & Stein, E. (2007). The Quality of Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment. Economics & Politics, 19(3), 317–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2007.00318.x

David, K. E. (2012). Why does the United States regulate foreign bribery: Moralism, self-interest, or altruism? New York University Annual Survey of American Law, 67(3), 497–511.

Dávid-Barrett, E. (2015). Nolan’s Legacy: Regulating Parliamentary Conduct in Democratising Europe. Parliamentary Affairs, 68(3), 514.

Dávid-Barrett, E. (2019). Business unusual: Collective action against bribery in international business. Crime, Law and Social Change, 71(2), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9715-1

168 

 

Dávid-Barrett, E., & Fazekas, M. (2016). Corrupt Contracting: Partisan Favouritism in Public Procurement [Working Paper]. http://www.againstcorruption.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/WP-49-Corrupt-Contracting.pdf

Dávid-Barrett, E., & Fazekas, M. (2019). Grand corruption and government change: An analysis of partisan favoritism in public procurement. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-019-09416-4

Dávid-Barrett, E., & Fazekas, M. (2020). Anti-corruption in aid-funded procurement: Is corruption reduced or merely displaced? World Development, 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105000

David-Barrett, E., Fazekas, M., Hellmann, O., Mark, L., & McCorley, C. (2020). Controlling Corruption in Development Aid: New Evidence from Contract-Level Data. Studies in Comparative International Development, 55(4), 481–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-020-09315-4

David-Barrett, E., Heywood, P. M., & Theodorakis, N. (2015). Towards a European Strategy To Reduce Corruption by Enhancing the Use of Open Data (Research Centre on Security and Crime – IT). http://www.againstcorruption.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/21X21_BROCHURE_TACOD_EN.pdf

David-Barrett, E., Murray, A., Polvi, J., & Burge, R. (2020). Evaluating anti-corruption agencies: Learning from the Caribbean. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 12(1), 74–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2020.1745869

Dávid-Barrett, E., & Okamura, K. (2013). The Transparency Paradox: Why Corrupt Countries Join the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. APSA 2013 Annual Meeting Paper.

David-Barrett, E., & Okamura, K. (2016). Norm Diffusion and Reputation: The Rise of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. Governance, 29(2), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12163

Davidovic, D., Harring, N., & Jagers, S. C. (2020). The contingent effects of environmental concern and ideology: Institutional context and people’s willingness to pay environmental taxes. Environmental Politics, 29(4), 674–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2019.1606882

Davids, C., & Schubert, G. (2011). The global architecture of foreign bribery control: Applying the OECD Bribery Convention. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption (p. 319). Edward Elgar.

169 

 

Davidson, J. S. (2007). Politics-as-usual on trial: Regional anti-corruption campaigns in Indonesia. The Pacific Review, 20(1), 75–99.

Davidson, S. (1999). Okeahalam and Bah on corruption: A comment. South African Journal of Economics, 67(1), 72–77.

Davies, M. (2000). Ethics in Government and the Issue of Conflicts of Interest. In Y. El-Ayouty, K. J. Ford, & M. Davies (Eds.), Government ethics and law enforcement: Toward global guidelines (pp. 97–122). Praeger Publishers.

Davies, S., Stone, L., & Buttle, J. (2016). Covering cops: Critical reporting of Indonesian police corruption. Pacific Journalism Review, 22(2), 185–201.

Davis, C. L., Ai Camp, R., & Coleman, K. M. (2004). The influence of party systems on citizens’ perceptions of corruption and electoral response in Latin America.(Author Abstract). Comparative Political Studies, 37(6), 677.

Davis, D. E. (2006). Undermining the Rule of Law: Democratization and the Dark Side of Police Reform in Mexico. Latin American Politics & Society, 48(1), 55–86.

Davis, F. T. (2016). International double jeopardy: U.S. prosecutions and the developing law in Europe. American University International Law Review, 31(1), 57–101.

Davis, James, & Ruhe, J. (2003). Perceptions of Country Corruption: Antecedents and Outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(4), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023038901080

Davis, Jennifer. (2004). Corruption in Public Service Delivery: Experience from South Asia’s Water and Sanitation Sector. World Development, 32(1), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.07.003

Davis, K. E. (2002). Self-interest and altruism in the deterrence of transnational bribery. American Law and Economics Review : The Journal of the American Law and Economics Association, 4(2), 314–340.

Davis, K. E. (2009). Civil remedies for corruption in government contracting: Zero tolerance versus proportional liability (NYU School of Law, Public Law Research Paper).

Davis, K. E. (2010). Does the globalization of anti-corruption law help developing countries? In J. Faundez & C. Tan (Eds.), International Economic Law, Globalization and Developing Countries (pp. 283–306).

Davis, K. E. (2012a). The Prospects for Anti-corruption Law: Optimists versus Skeptics. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 4(2), 319–336.

Davis, K. E. (2012b). Why Does the United States Regulate Foreign Bribery: Moralism,

170 

 

Self-Interest, or Altruism? NYU Annual Survey of American Law, 67(3), 12–51.

Davis, K. E. (2015). Regulation of Foreign Bribery: The FCPA Enforcement Model. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 297–316). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Davis, K. E. (2016). Multijurisdictional Enforcement Games. In The Research Handbook on Corporate Crime and Financial Misdealing, Jennifer Arlen ed., Forthcoming (pp. 16–19).

Davis, K. E. (2018a). Contracts Procured Through Bribery of Public Officials: Zero Tolerance Versus Proportional Liability. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 50(4), 1319.

Davis, K. E. (2018b). Corruption as a Violation of International Human Rights: A Reply to Anne Peters. European Journal of International Law, 29(4), 1289–1296. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chy074

Davis, K. E. (2019). The Limits of Evidence-Based Regulation: The Case of Anti-Bribery Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3490807). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3490807

Davis, K. E. (2020). What counts as a good settlement? Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00020.xml

Davis, K. E., Jorge, G., & Machado, M. R. (2015). Transnational anticorruption law in action: Cases from Argentina and Brazil.(institutional complementarity theory case studies). Law and Social Inquiry, 40(3), 664.

Davis, K. E., Rose-Ackerman, S., & Carrington, P. D. (2013). Does the Globalization of Anti-Corruption Law Help Developing Countries? In Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 169–178). Carolina Academic Press.

Davis, L., & White, K. R. (2019). Is justice blind? Evidence from federal corruption convictions. Public Choice. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-019-00756-7

Davis, P. J. (2016). “To return the funds at all”: Global anticorruption, forfeiture, and legal frameworks for asset return. The University of Memphis Law Review, 47(1), 291–357.

Dawid, H., & Feichtinger, G. (1996). On the persistence of corruption. Journal of Economics, 64(2), 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01250114

Dawisha, K. (2014). Putin’s Kleptocracy. http://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Putins-Kleptocracy/Karen-Dawisha/9781476795201

171 

 

Dawson, H. J. (2014). Patronage from below: Political unrest in an informal settlement in South Africa. African Affairs, 113(453), 518–539.

de Alencar, C. H. R., & Gico Jr, I. T. (2011). When crime pays: Measuring judicial performance against corruption in Brazil. Law & Business Review of the Americas, 17(3), 415–434.

de Almeida, M. A., & Zagaris, B. (2015). Political Capture in the Petrobus Corruption Scandal: The Sad Tale of an Oil Giant. Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 39(2), 87–99.

De Angelis, I., de Blasio, G., & Rizzica, L. (2020). Lost in Corruption. Evidence from EU Funding to Southern Italy. Italian Economic Journal, 6(2), 355–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40797-020-00123-2

De Beco, G. (2011). Monitoring corruption from a human rights perspective. The International Journal of Human Rights, 15(7), 1107–1124.

de Brito, M., & Costa de Souza, G. (2018). Meanings in research on corruption. Revista de Administração Pública, 52(4), 712–730. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612175197

De Chiara, A., & Livio, L. (2017). The threat of corruption and the optimal supervisory task. Journal Of Economic Behavior & Organization, 133, 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2016.11.006

De Figueiredo, M. F., Hidalgo, F. D., & Kasahara, Y. (2011). When do voters punish corrupt politicians? Experimental evidence from Brazil [Unpublished manuscript, University of California Berkeley].

De Francesco, F., & Trein, P. (2020). How Does Corruption Affect the Adoption of Lobby Registers? A Comparative Analysis. Politics and Governance, 8(2), 116–127. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i2.2708

De George, R. T. (1997). Sullivan-Type Principles for US Multinationals in Emerging Economies. U. Pa. J. Int’l Econ. L., 18, 1193.

De Graaf, G, Huberts, L., & Nelen, J. (2008). Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty? Perceptions of the Scale and Nature of Corruption in The Netherlands 1. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 9(1), 84–94.

De Graaf, Gjalt. (2007). Causes of corruption: Towards a contextual theory of corruption. Public Administration Quarterly, 39–86.

De Graaf, Gjalt, & Huberts, L. W. (2008). Portraying the nature of corruption using an explorative case study design. Public Administration Review, 68(4), 640–653.

De Graaf, Gjalt, Maravić, P. von, & Wagenaar, F. (2010). The good cause. Theoretical perspectives on corruption. Budrich Publishing.

172 

 

De Groot, H. L., Linders, G., Rietveld, P., & Subramanian, U. (2004). The institutional determinants of bilateral trade patterns. Kyklos, 57(1), 103–123.

De Jaegere, S. (2012). Principles for Anti-Corruption Agencies: A Game Changer. Jindal Journal of Public Policy, 1(1), 90–102.

de Jager, N., & Steenekamp, C. L. (2016). The changing political culture of the African National Congress. Democratization, 23(5), 919–939. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2015.1041382

de Jong, E., & Bogmans, C. (2011). Does corruption discourage international trade? European Journal of Political Economy, 27(2), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.11.005

De Jong, G., Tu, P. A., & Van Ees, H. (2012). Which Entrepreneurs Bribe and What Do They Get From It? Exploratory Evidence From Vietnam. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(2), 323–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00400.x

de Jong, G., Tu, P. A., & van Ees, H. (2015). The Impact of Personal Relationships on Bribery Incidence in Transition Economies. European Management Review, 12(1), 7.

de Koker, L. (2011). Applying Anti-Money Laundering Laws to Fight CorruptionThe global architecture of foreign bribery control: Applying the OECD Bribery Convention. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar.

de Koker, L., & Harwood, K. (2015). Supplier integrity due diligence in public procurement: Limiting the criminal risk to Australia. Sydney Law Review, The, 37(2), 217–241.

De la Croix, D., & Delavallade, C. (2009). Growth, public investment and corruption with failing institutions. Economics of Governance, 10(3), 187–219.

De la Croix, D., & Delavallade, C. (2011). Democracy, rule of law, corruption incentives, and growth. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 13(2), 155–187.

De La Croix, D., & Delavallade, C. (2014). Why corrupt governments may receive more foreign aid. Oxford Economic Papers, 66(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpt004

De La Torre, M. J. (2016). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Imposing an American definition of corruption on global markets. Cornell International Law Journal, 49(2), 495.

de Lancer Julnes, P., & Villoria, M. (2014). Understanding and addressing citizens’ perceptions of corruption: The case of Spain. International Review of Public Administration, 19(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2014.887295

De, M. B., & Kim, C. (2016). Social Movements against Corruption and Sexual Violence in

173 

 

India Urban Middle Class Approaches. Asian Journal Of Social Science; Asian J.Soc.Sci., 44(1–2), 7–33. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04401002

De Maria, B. (2008). Neo-colonialism through measurement: A critique of the corruption perception index. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 4(2/3), 184–202.

De Maria, W. (2005). Whistleblower protection: Is Africa ready? Public Administration & Development, 25(3), 217.

De Maria, W. (2007). Does African" corruption" exist? African Journal of Business Ethics, 2(1), 1–9.

De Maria, W. (2008a). Cross Cultural Trespass Assessing African Anti-corruption Capacity. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 8(3), 317–341.

De Maria, W. (2008b). Measurements and markets: Deconstructing the corruption perception index. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 21(7), 777–797. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550810904569

De Maria, W., & Prasad, A. (2008). The new war on African “corruption”: Just another neo-colonial adventure? In Against the Grain: Advances in Postcolonial Organization Studies. Liber & Copenhagen Business School Press.

De Mello, L. E., & Barenstein, M. (2001). Fiscal Decentralization and Governance: A Cross-Country Analysis. IMF Working Paper IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc, 01/71.

De Mello, L. R. (2004). Can fiscal decentralization strengthen social capital? Public Finance Review, 32(1), 4–35.

De Mendonça, H. F., & Baca, A. C. (2017). Relevance of corruption on the effect of public health expenditure and taxation on economic growth. Applied Economics Letters, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1374533

De Michele, R. (2003). Follow-up Mechanism of the Inter-American Convention against Corruption: A Preliminary Assessment: Is the Glass Half Empty, The. Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas, 10, 295.

De Michele, R. (2013). How Can International Financial Institutions Support Countries’ Efforts to Prevent Corruption under International Treaties and Agreements? In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 179–200). Carolina Academic Press.

de Michele, R., Prats Cabrera, J. O., & Losada Revol, I. (2018). Effects of Corruption in PPP Contracts: Consequences of a Zero-Tolerance Approach (IDB-DP-625). Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0001355

174 

 

De Ree, J., Muralidharan, K., Pradhan, M., & Rogers, H. (2015). Double for nothing? Experimental evidence on the impact of an unconditional teacher salary increase on student performance in Indonesia. National Bureau of Economic Research.

De Rosa, D., Gooroochurn, N., & Görg, H. (2015). Corruption and productivity: Firm-level evidence. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 115–138.

De Simone, F., & Taxell, N. (2014). Donors and “Zero Tolerance for Corruption”: From Principle to Practice. U4 Brief.

De Simone, F., & Zagaris, B. (n.d.). Impact of foreign bribery legislation on developing countries and the role of donor agencies (2014:6; U4 Issue). http://www.u4.no/publications/impact-of-foreign-bribery-legislation-on-developing-countries-and-the-role-of-donor-agencies/

de Sousa, L. (2008). ‘I Don’t Bribe, I Just Pull Strings’: Assessing the Fluidity of Social Representations of Corruption in Portuguese Society. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 9(1), 8–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/15705850701825402

de Sousa, L., Larmour, P., & Hindess, B. (Eds.). (2009). Governments, NGOs and Anti-Corruption: The New Integrity Warriors. Routledge.

de Sousa, Luis. (2002). Hard Responses to Corruption: Penal Standards and the Repression of Corruption. Crime, Law & Social Change, 38, 267–294.

de Sousa, Luis. (2011). Anti-Corruption Agencies: Between Empowerment and Irrelevance. Crime, Law & Social Change, 53, 5–22.

de Sousa, Luis. (2012). Above the Law, Below Ethics’: Some Findings on Portuguese Attitudes Towads Corruption. In Dirk Tanzler, Konstadinos Maras & Angelos Giannakopoulos (Ed.), The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (pp. 245–264).

de Sousa, Luis & Marcelo Moriconi. (2013). Why Voters Do Not Throw the Rascals Out? – A Conceptual Framework for Analysing Electoral Punishment of Corruption. Crime, Law & Social Change, 60(5), 471–502.

de Speville, B. (2016). The Struggle Against Corruption: Progress at a Snail’s Pace. Why? Asia-Pacific Review, 23(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/13439006.2016.1195963

de Speville, Bertrand. (2010). Overcoming Corruption: The Essentials. BPR Publishers.

de Speville, Betrand. (2010). Anticorruption Commissions: The ‘Hong Kong Model’ Revisited. Asia-Pacific Review, 17(1), 47–71.

de Vaal, A., & Ebben, W. (2011). Institutions and the Relation between Corruption and Economic Growth. Review of Development Economics, 15(1), 108–123.

175 

 

de Viteri Vázquez, A. S., & Bjørnskov, C. (2020). Constitutional power concentration and corruption: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean. Constitutional Political Economy, 31(4), 509-. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-020-09317-3

De Vries, C. E., & Solaz, H. (2017). The Electoral Consequences of Corruption. Annual Review of Political Science, 20, 391–408. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-052715-111917

De Vries, M., & Sobis, I. (2016). Increasing transparency is not always the panacea. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(3), 255–270.

de Vries, P. (2007). The Orchestration of Corruption and Excess Enjoyment in Westen Mexico. In M. Nuijten & G. Anders (Eds.), Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective. Ashgate.

De Vrieze, F., & Glusac, L. (2020a). Parliament’s relationship to anti-corruption agencies: Evidence from Lithuania, Ukraine and Serbia. Westminster Foundation for Democracy. https://www.wfd.org/2020/07/10/report-parliaments-relationship-to-anti-corruption-agencies-evidence-from-lithuania-ukraine-and-serbia/

De Vrieze, F., & Glusac, L. (2020b). Will the Ukrainian parliament and anti-corruption agency step up to the task of combating corruption? Westminster Foundation for Democracy. https://www.wfd.org/2020/08/05/will-the-ukrainian-parliament-and-anti-corruption-agency-step-up-to-the-task-of-combating-corruption/

de Waal, A. (2014). When kleptocracy becomes insolvent: Brute causes of the civil war in South Sudan. African Affairs, 113(452), 347–369.

Deagro, M. (2016). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and self-disclosure in the health and life sciences industry: Is honesty the best policy? Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy, 14(1), 309.

Dearden, S. J. H. (2000). Corruption and economic development [Other]. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/1870/

Deases, A. J. (2005). Developing countries: Increasing transparency and other methods of eliminating corruption in the public procurement process. Public Contract Law Journal, 34(3), 553–572.

DeBacker, J., Heim, B. T., & Tran, A. (2015). Importing corruption culture from overseas: Evidence from corporate tax evasion in the United States. Journal of Financial Economics, 117(1), 122–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2012.11.009

Debiel, T., & Gawrich, A. (2013). (Dys-)Functionalities of corruption: Comparative perspectives and methodological pluralism. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7,

176 

 

1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0173-6

Debnath, K. B., & Mourshed, M. (2018). Corruption Significantly Increases the Capital Cost of Power Plants in Developing Contexts. Frontiers in Energy Research, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00008

Debnath, R., & Shankar, R. (2014). Does Good Governance Enhance Happiness: A Cross Nation Study. Social Indicators Research, 116(1), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0275-1

Debski, J., & Jetter, M. (2015). Gender and Corruption: A Reassessment (No. 9447; IZA Discussion Papers). Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp9447.html

Debski, J., Jetter, M., Mösle, S., & Stadelmann, D. (2018). Gender and corruption: The neglected role of culture. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2018.05.002

Decelles, K. A., Derue, D. S., Margolis, J. D., & Ceranic, T. L. (2012). Does Power Corrupt or Enable? When and Why Power Facilitates Self-Interested Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 681–689. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026811

Dechenaux, E., & Samuel, A. (2014). Announced vs. Surprise inspections with tipping-off. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, 34(Journal Article), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.01.001

Dechenaux, Emmanuel, & Samuel, A. (2012). Pre-emptive Corruption, Hold-up and Repeated Interactions. Economica, 79(314), 258–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2011.00898.x

Deckard, N., & Pieri, Z. (2017). The Implications of Endemic Corruption for State Legitimacy in Developing Nations: An Empirical Exploration of the Nigerian Case. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 30(4), 369–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-016-9242-6

Deckert, J., Myagkov, M., & Ordeshook, P. C. (2011). Benfordʼs Law and the Detection of Election Fraud. Political Analysis, 19(3), 245–268. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpr014

Deflem, M. (1995). Corruption, law, and justice: A conceptual clarification. Journal of Criminal Justice, 23(3), 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(95)00018-L

Dehn, J., R. Reinikka & J. Svensson. (2007). Unique Problems with FCPA Compliance in the People’s Republic of China. Business Law Today, 16(5), 14–18.

Dehn, J., Reinikka, R., & Svensson, J. (2003). Survey Tools for Assessing Performance in Service Delivery. In F. Bourguignon & L. A. P. da Silva (Eds.), The impact of economic

177 

 

policies on poverty and income distribution: Evaluation techniques and tools. A copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press, New York.

Deininger, K., & Mpuga, P. (2005). Does Greater Accountability Improve the Quality of Public Service Delivery? Evidence from Uganda. World Development, 33(1), 171–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.002

Dejardin, M., & Laurent, H. (2014). Greasing the wheels of entrepreneurship? A complement according to entrepreneurial motives [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc].

Dekel, E., Jackson, M. o, & Wolinsky, A. (2008). Vote Buying: General Elections. Journal of Political Economy, 116(2), 351–380. https://doi.org/10.1086/587624

Del Monte, A., & Papagni, E. (2001). Public expenditure, corruption, and economic growth: The case of Italy. European Journal of Political Economy, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(00)00025-2

Del Monte, A., & Papagni, E. (2007). The determinants of corruption in Italy: Regional panel data analysis. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.03.004

Del Monte, A., & Pennacchio, L. (2020). Corruption, Government Expenditure and Public Debt in OECD Countries. Comparative Economic Studies. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41294-020-00118-z

dela Rama, M. (2012). Corporate Governance and Corruption: Ethical Dilemmas of Asian Business Groups. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(4), 501–519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1142-0

Delaney, P. X. (2007). Transnational Corruption: Regulation Across Borders. Virginia Journal of International Law, 47, 413-.

Delavallade, C. (2006). Corruption and distribution of public spending in developing countries. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30(2), 222–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02761488

Delavallade, C. (2012). What Drives Corruption? Evidence from North African Firms. Journal of African Economies, 21(4), 499–547.

DeLeon, P. (1989). Public Policy Implications of Systemic Political Corruption. Corruption & Reform, 4(3), 193–215.

Delgado, M., & McCloud, N. (2017). Foreign direct investment and the domestic capital stock: The good–bad role of higher institutional quality. Empirical Economics, 53(4), 1587–1637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1173-6

Delgado, M. S., Mccloud, N., & Kumbhakar, S. C. (2014). A generalized empirical model of

178 

 

corruption, foreign direct investment, and growth. Journal of Macroeconomics, 42(Journal Article), 298–325.

Della Porta, D. (1996). Actors in Corruption: Business Politicians in Italy. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 349–349.

Della Porta, D. (2000). Social Capital, Beliefs in Government, and Political Corruption. In S. J. Pharr & R. D. Putnam (Eds.), Disaffected democracies: What’s troubling the trilateral countries? (pp. 202–228). Princeton University Press.

Della Porta, D. (2001). A judges’ revolution? Political corruption and the judiciary in Italy. European Journal of Political Research, 39(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007134509892

Della Porta, D. (2004). Political parties and corruption: Ten hypotheses on five vicious circles. Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 35–60. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041036.85056.c6

Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (1997a). The `perverse effects’ of political corruption. Political Studies, xlv(3), 516–538.

Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (1997b). The resources of corruption: Some reflections from the Italian Case. Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3), 231–254. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008215600420

Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (2006). A Typology of Corrupt Networks. In Junʼichi Kawata (Ed.), Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 23–44). Ashgate.

Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (2007). Corruption and anti-corruption: The political defeat of ‘Clean Hands’ in Italy. West European Politics, 30(4), 830–853. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380701500322

Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (2011). The hidden order of corruption: An institutional approach. Ashgate Pub.

Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (2012a). Corrupt exchanges: Actors, resources, and mechanisms of political corruption. Aldine de Gruyter.

Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (2012b). When Anti-Corruption Policy Fails: The Italian Case Eighteen Years After the Mani Pulite Investigations. In D. Tänzler, K. Maras, & A. Giannakopoulos (Eds.), The social construction of corruption in Europe (pp. 133–164). Ashgate Pub.

Dell’Anno, R. (2019). Corruption around the world: An analysis by partial least squares—structural equation modeling. Public Choice, 184(3–4), 327–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-019-00758-5

179 

 

Dell’Anno, R., & Schneider, F. G. (2006). Estimating the underground economy by using MIMIC models: A response to T. Breusch´s critique (No. 2006–07; Economics Working Papers). Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria. https://ideas.repec.org/p/jku/econwp/2006_07.html

Dell’Anno, R., & Teobaldelli, D. (2015). Keeping both corruption and the shadow economy in check: The role of decentralization. International Tax and Public Finance, 22(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-013-9298-4

Dellepiane-Avellaneda, S. (2010). Review Article: Good Governance, Institutions and Economic Development: Beyond the Conventional Wisdom. British Journal of Political Science, 40(1), 195–224.

Delzangles, H. (2014). Regulatory Authorities and Conflicts of Interest. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 15–29). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507

Demarco, M. (2016). PRIVATE ACTORS AND PUBLIC CORRUPTION: WHY COURTS SHOULD ADOPT A BROAD INTERPRETATION OF THE HOBBS ACT. Michigan Law Review, 115(3), 413–438.

Demarco, Megan. (2016). Private actors and public corruption: Why courts should adopt a broad interpretation of the Hobbs Act. Michigan Law Review, 115(3), 413.

Demas, R. R. (2008). All Hands on Deck: Collaborative Global Strategies in the Battle Against Corruption and Human Trafficking in Africa. University of St. Thomas Law Journal, 6, 204–658.

Demas, R. R. (2011). Moment of truth: Development in sub-Saharan Africa and critical alterations needed in application of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption initiatives. American University International Law Review, 26(2), 315–369.

Demas, R. R. (2014). Biting the hands that feed: Corporate charity and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. American University International Law Review, 29(2), 335–368.

Demetriades, P., & Vassileva, R. (2020). Money Laundering and Central Bank Governance in The European Union. Journal of International Economic Law, 23(2), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgaa011

Demidov, B. (2005). Corruption in Russia, 2000–2003: The Role of the Federal Okrugs and Presidential Envoys. In The Dynamics of Russian Politics–Putin’s Reform of Federal-Regional Relations (Vol. 2). Rowman & Littlefield.

180 

 

Deming, S. H. (1999). Foreign Corrupt Practices. International Law, 507-.

Deming, S. H. (2006). The potent and broad-ranging implications of the accounting and record-keeping provisions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.(The Changing Face of White-Collar Crime). Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 96(2), 465.

Deming, S. H. (2014). Canada’s Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act and secret commissions offense. American University International Law Review, 29(2), 369–398.

Demir, F., & Hu, C. (2016). Institutional Differences and the Direction of Bilateral Foreign Direct Investment Flows: Are South-South Flows any Different than the Rest? World Economy, 39(12), 2000–2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12356

Demirbag, M., Glaister, K. W., & Tatoglu, E. (2007). Institutional and transaction cost influences on MNEs’ ownership strategies of their affiliates: Evidence from an emerging market. Journal of World Business, 42(4), 418–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2007.06.004

Demirbag, M., McGuinness, M., & Altay, H. (2010). Perceptions of Institutional Environment and Entry Mode: FDI from an Emerging Country. MIR: Management International Review, 50(2), 207–240.

Demirbag, M., Tatoglu, E., & Glaister, K. W. (2010). Institutional and Transaction Cost Influences on Partnership Structure of Foreign Affiliates. Management International Review, 50(6), 709–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0055-y

Dempster, G., & Isaacs, J. (2017). Entrepreneurship, corruption and economic freedom. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 6(2), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-08-2016-0030

den Nieuwenboer, N. A., & Kaptein, M. (2008). Spiraling Down into Corruption: A Dynamic Analysis of the Social Identity Processes that Cause Corruption in Organizations to Grow. Journal of Business Ethics, 83(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9617-8

Deng, F. (2017). Anti-corruption in Chinese urban planning: The case of adjusting FAR. Cities, 70, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.06.022

Deng, J. (2018). The National Supervision Commission: A New Anti-corruption Model in China. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 52, 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2017.09.005

Deng, X. M., Wang, Y. H., Zhang, Q. Q., Huang, J. X., & Cui, J. J. (2014). Analysis of fraud risk in public construction projects in China. PUBLIC MONEY & MANAGEMENT, 34(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2014.865939

181 

 

Deniozos, N., Vlados, C., & Chatzinikolaou, D. (2019). Corruption as Form of Economic Crime and Government Effectiveness (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3466321). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3466321

Denisova-Schmidt, E., & Huber, M. (2014). Regional differences in perceived corruption among Ukrainian firms. Eurasian Geography And Economics, 55(1), 10–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2014.915757

Denisova-Schmidt, Elena. (2020). Introduction: Corruption in Higher Education: Global Challenges and Responses. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 1–12). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000001.xml

Denisova-Schmidt, Elena, Huber, M., & Leontyeva, E. (2016). On the development of students’ attitudes towards corruption and cheating in Russian universities. European Journal of Higher Education, Journal Article, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2016.1154477

Denisova-Schmidt, Elena, Huber, M., & Prytula, Y. (2015). An experimental evaluation of an anti-corruption intervention among Ukrainian university students. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 56(6), 713–734. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2016.1155467

Denisova-Schmidt, Elena, Huber, M., & Prytula, Y. (2019). The effects of anti-corruption videos on attitudes toward corruption in a Ukrainian online survey. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 60(3), 304–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2019.1667844

Denisova-Schmidt, Elena, & Prytula, Y. (2018). Business corruption in Ukraine: A way to get things done? Business Horizons. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.06.004

Denisova-Schmidt, Elena, & Prytula, Y. (2020). Endemic Corruption in Higher Education: Lessons from Ukraine. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 20–24). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000004.xml

Denisova-Schmidt, Elena, Prytula, Y., & Rumyantseva, N. L. (2018). Beg, borrow, or steal: Determinants of student academic misconduct in Ukrainian higher education. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2018.1518726

Denolf, B. (2008). The Impact of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment. The Journal of World Investment &amp; Trade, 9(3), vii–273. https://doi.org/10.1163/221190008X00016

Department for International Development. (2015). Why corruption matters: Understanding causes, effects and how to address them.

Depken, C. A., LaFountain, C., & Butters, R. (2006). Corruption and Creditworthiness: Evidence from Sovereign Credit Ratings (Working Paper No. 0601). University of Texas

182 

 

at Arlington, Department of Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/txa/wpaper/0601.html

Depken, C., & Hadžikadić, M. (2017). Corruption in Transition Economies: Cause or Effect? Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, 20(1), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2017-0011

Depken, C., & Lafountain, C. (2006). Fiscal consequences of public corruption: Empirical evidence from state bond ratings. Public Choice, 126(1), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-4315-0

Derashid, C., Ibrahim, I., & Bidin, Z. (2019). Public governance quality and tax compliance behavior in developing countries. International Journal of Social Economics, 46(3), 338–351. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-11-2016-0338

Desai, M., Gompers, P., & Lerner, J. (2003). Institutions, capital constraints and entrepreneurial firm dynamics: Evidence from Europe (NBER Working Paper 10165). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w10165

Desai, R. M., & Olofsgård, A. (2011). The Costs of Political Influence: Firm-Level Evidence From Developing Countries. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 6(2), 137–178. https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00010094

Desai, S., & Acs, Z. J. (2007). A theory of destructive entrepreneurship [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=1029648

Desierto, D. (2018). Formal models of the political resource curse. Economics of Governance, 19(3), 225–259.

Desierto, D. (2019a). Grand Corruption by Public Officials: Measuring Theft and Bribery (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3294012). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3294012

Desierto, D. (2019b). Public Goods, Corruption, and the Political Resource Curse (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3293461). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3293461

Desierto, D. (2020). Corruption for Competence (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3598278). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3598278

Desierto, D. A., & Nye, J. V. C. (2017). Prohibition versus Taxation in Corrupt Environments. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), 173(2), 239–252.

Desposato, S. (2012). Corruption and Electoral Rules [Working Paper].

Detragiache, E., Tressel, T., & Gupta, P. (2008). Foreign Banks in Poor Countries: Theory and Evidence. The Journal of Finance, 63(5), 2123–2160.

183 

 

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01392.x

Devadoss, S., & Luckstead, J. (2015). Can a corrupt ruling party win a re-election through vote buying? Applied Economics, Journal Article, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1073839

Devarajan, S., Khemani, S., & Walton, M. (2014). Can Civil Society Overcome Government Failure in Africa? WORLD BANK RESEARCH OBSERVER, 29(1), 20–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkt008

Devarajan, Shantayanan, & Khemani, S. (2018). If Politics is the Problem, How Can External Actors be Part of the Solution? In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 209–251). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_8

Devine, V. (n.d.). NGOs and corruption in post-war reconstruction: The case of Bosnia’s refugee return (U4 Practice Insight 2011). Retrieved August 3, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/publications/ngos-and-corruption-in-post-war-reconstruction-the-case-of-bosnia-s-refugee-return/

Dewan, T., & Myatt, D. P. (2007). Scandal, Protection, and Recovery in the Cabinet. American Political Science Review, 101(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070025

Dewi, S. (2014). Balancing privacy rights and legal enforcement: Indonesian practices. Int.J.of Liability and Scientific Enquiry, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSE.2012.051961

Dey, H. K. (1989). The genesis and spread of economic corruption: A microtheoretic interpretation. World Development, 17(4), 503–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(89)90258-1

Dhaliwal, I., & Hanna, R. (2014). Deal with the Devil: The Successes and Limitations of Bureaucratic Reform in India (Working Paper No. 20482). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w20482

Dhami, S., & Al‐nowaihi, A. (2007). Corruption and the Provision of Public Output in a Hierarchical Asymmetric Information Relationship. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 9(4), 727–755. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9779.2007.00328.x

Dheer, R. (2017). Cross-national differences in entrepreneurial activity: Role of culture and institutional factors. Small Business Economics, 48(4), 813–842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9816-8

Dheera-aumpon, S. (2013). Connected lending and concentrated control. Journal of Financial Stability, 9(4), 475–486.

Dheera-aumpon, S. (2015). Can shareholder rights protection reduce corruption in lending? Int.J.of Monetary Economics and Finance, 8(2).

184 

 

https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMEF.2015.070781

Dhillon, A., Nicolo, A., & Xu, F. (2017). Corruption, intrinsic motivation, and the love of praise. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 19(6), 1077–1098. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12278

Di Donato, L. (2018). Behavioural research and corruption: A new promise for governments? European Law Journal, 24(6), 510–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12218

Di Falco, S., Magdalou, B., Masclet, D., Villeval, M. C., & Willinger, M. (2020). Can shorter transfer chains and transparency reduce embezzlement? Review of Behavioral Economics.

Di Falco, S., Magdalou, B., Masclet, D., Villeval, M.-C., & Milinger, M. (2015). Embezzlement: Does transparency of information matter? An Experiment in Tanzania [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc].

Di Guardo, M. C., Marrocu, E., & Paci, R. (2016). The effect of local corruption on ownership strategy in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 4225–4241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.03.002

Di John, J. (2011). Is there really a resource curse? A critical survey of theory and evidence.(Report). Global Governance, 17(2), 167.

Di Mascio, F., Maggetti, M., & Natalini, A. (2018). Exploring the Dynamics of Delegation Over Time: Insights from Italian Anti‐Corruption Agencies (2003–2016). Policy Studies Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12253

Di Puppo, L. (2010). Anti-corruption interventions in Georgia. Global Crime, 11(2), 220–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669233

Di Puppo, L. (2014). The construction of success in anti-corruption activity in Georgia. East European Politics, 30(1), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2013.846260

Di Tella, R., & Macculloch, R. (2009). Why Doesn’t Capitalism Flow to Poor Countries? Brookings Papers On Economic Activity, 1, 285–332.

Di Tella, Rafael, Donna, J., & Macculloch, R. (2008). Crime and beliefs: Evidence from Latin America. Economics Letters, 99(3), 566–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2007.10.002

Di Tella, Rafael, & Franceschelli, I. (2011). Government Advertising and Media Coverage of Corruption Scandals. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3(4), 119–151. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.3.4.119

Di Tella, Rafael, & MacCulloch, R. (2006). Corruption and the Demand for Regulating

185 

 

Capitalists. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 352–380). Edward Elgar-c2011.

Di Tella, Rafael, Perez-Truglia, R., Babino, A., & Sigman, M. (2015). Conveniently Upset: Avoiding Altruism by Distorting Beliefs about Others’ Altruism. American Economic Review, 105(11), 3416–3442. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.105.11.3416

Di Tella, Rafael, & Savedoff, W. D. (2001). Shining Light in Dark Corners. In Diagnosis corruption: Fraud in Latin America’s public hospitals. Inter-American Development Bank.

Di Tella, Rafael, & Schargrodsky, E. (2003). The Role of Wages and Auditing during a Crackdown on Corruption in the City of Buenos Aires. Journal of Law and Economics, 46(1), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.1086/345578

Di Tella, Rafael, & Weinschelbaum, F. (2007). Choosing Agents and Monitoring Consumption: A Note on Wealth as a Corruption-Controlling Device. NBER Working Paper Series, 13163. https://doi.org/10.3386/w13163

Diaby, A., & Sylwester, K. (2014). Bureaucratic competition and public corruption: Evidence from transition countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 35(Journal Article), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.04.002

Diaby, A., & Sylwester, K. (2015). Corruption and Market Competition: Evidence from Post-Communist Countries. World Development, 66(Generic), 487–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.09.003

Diamantis, M. E., & Laufer, W. (2019). Prosecution and Punishment of Corporate Criminality. 15, 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-031212

Diana Carla Benea. (2018). The Image of the National Agency of Integrity in the Mechanism of Cooperation and Verification Reports, from 2007 to 2015. Sfera Politicii, 193, 67–75.

Diao, Y. (2015). Ethical Analysis of Corruption. Canadian Social Science, 11(5), 146–149. https://doi.org/10.3968/7031

Diaz-Cayeros, A., Magaloni, B., & Romero, V. (2015). Caught in the Crossfire: The Geography of Extortion and Police Corruption in Mexico. In Susan Rose-Ackerman, P. Lagunes, & Edward Elgar Publishing (Eds.), Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 252-275.). Edward Elgar PubLimited. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:978178471470320151028

DiBiagio, T. M. (2000). Politics and the criminal process: Federal public corruption prosecutions of popular public officials under the honest services component of the Mail and Wire Fraud Statutes. Dickinson Law Review, 105(1), 57–92.

186 

 

Dick, H. (2002). Corruption and good governance: The new frontier of social engineering. In Corruption in Asia: Rethinking the Governance Paradigm (p. 72). Federation Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P0sz_EvRLu8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA71&dq=%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+Good+Governance:+The+New+Frontier+of+Social+Engineering%E2%80%9D,+in+T.+Lindsey+%26+H.+Dick,+eds.+Corrutpion+in+Asia:+Rethinking+the+Governance+Paradigm+&ots=nxJnNZaoFY&sig=364OJr-iofKY43TC2toaz2_AYNo

Dick, H., & Butt, S. (2013). Is Indonesia as Corrupt as Most People Believe and Is It Getting Worse? Melbourne Law School, CILIS Policy Paper.

Dicke, R. A., Hendrickson, R. C., & Kutz, S. (2014). NATO’s Mafia Ally: The Strategic Consequences of Bulgarian Corruption. Comparative Strategy, 33(3), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2014.926760

Dickel, P., & Graeff, P. (2018). Entrepreneurs’ propensity for corruption: A vignette-based factorial survey. Journal of Business Research, 89, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.03.036

Dickerson, C. M. (1999). Political corruption: Free-flowing opportunism. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 393–405.

Dietrich, S. (2011). The Politics of Public Health Aid: Why Corrupt Governments Have Incentives to Implement Aid Effectively. World Development, 39(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.06.011

Dietrich, S. (2013). Bypass or Engage? Explaining Donor Delivery Tactics in Foreign Aid Allocation. International Studies Quarterly, 57(4), 698–712. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12041

Dietz, S., Neumayer, E., & De Soysa, I. (2007). Corruption, the Resource Curse and Genuine Saving. Environment and Development Economics, 12(1), 33–53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X06003378

diGenova, J. E. (1998). The Independent Counsel Act: A good time to end a bad idea.(Symposium: The Independent Counsel Act: From Watergate to Whitewater and Beyond). Georgetown Law Journal, 86(6), 2299–2305.

Dijkstra, G. (2018). Aid and good governance: Examining aggregate unintended effects of aid. Evaluation and Program Planning, 68, 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2017.09.004

Dille, B. (2016). Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. By Sarah Chayes. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2015. Journal of Strategic Security, 9(2), 129–132. https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.9.2.1531

187 

 

Dillman, B. (2007). Introduction: Shining Light on the Shadows: The Political Economy of Illicit Transactions in the Mediterranean (Article). Mediterranean Politics.

Dillon, A., MORTON, R. B., & TYRAN, J.-R. (2015). Corruption in Committees: An Experimental Study of Information Aggregation through Voting.(Report). 17(4), 553.

Dillon, A., & Oak, M. (2015). Legalization of Bribe Giving when Bribe Type Is Endogenous. 17(4), 580.

Dimakou, O. (2015). Bureaucratic corruption and the dynamic interaction between monetary and fiscal policy. European Journal of Political Economy, 40(Journal Article), 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.07.004

Dimant, E., & Hehenkamp, B. (2014). More Money More Problems? On the Impact of Wage Increases on Individual Corruptibility Under Uncertainty. Paderborn: MIMEO.

Dimant, E., Krieger, T., & Redlin, M. (2015). A Crook is a Crook ... But is He Still a Crook Abroad? On the Effect of Immigration on Destination-Country Corruption. German Economic Review; Ger.Econ.Rev., 16(4), 464–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/geer.12064

Dimant, Eugen. (2014a). The Antecedents and Effects of Corruption – A Reassessment of Current (Empirical) Findings (MPRA Working Paper No. 60947).

Dimant, Eugen. (2014b). The Nature of Corruption—An Interdisciplinary Perspective [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc].

Dimant, Eugen, Krieger, T., & Meierrieks, D. (2013). The effect of corruption on migration, 1985–2000. Applied Economics Letters, 20(13), 1270–1274. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2013.806776

Dimant, Eugen, & Tosato, G. (2017). Causes and Effects of Corruption: What has Past Decade’s Empirical Research Taught Us? A Survey. Journal of Economic Surveys. http://data.datacite.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4784.0888

Dimaria, C.-H., & Le Van, C. (2002). Optimal Growth, Debt, Corruption, and R&D. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 6(05). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100501010082

Dimitrov, M. (2015). Internal Government Assessments of the Quality of Governance in China. Studies in Comparative International Development, 50(1), 50–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-014-9170-2

Dimitrova-Grajzl, V., Grajzl, P., & Guse, A. J. (2012). Trust, perceptions of corruption, and demand for regulation: Evidence from post-socialist countries. Journal of Socio-Economics, 41(3), 292–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2012.01.005

Dimock, M. A., & Jacobson, G. C. (1995). Checks and Choices: The House Bank Scandal’s

188 

 

Impact on Voters in 1992. The Journal of Politics, 57(4), 1143–1159. https://doi.org/10.2307/2960406

Dimova, G. (2019). The 2017 Anticorruption Protests in Romania: Causes, Mechanisms, and Consequences. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 15(1), 131–157.

Dinanti, D., & Tarina, D. D. Y. (2019). The Punishment of Perpetrators of Corruption with the Approach of the Local Wisdom (Businesses Looking For an Alternative Model of Criminal in Indonesia). International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(7), 32–44.

Dinc, I. S. (2005). Politicians and banks: Political influences on government-owned banks in emerging markets. Journal of Financial Economics, 77(2), 453–479.

Dincer, O. (2020). If you’re corrupt, you’d better be free. Journal of Economic Studies (Bradford), 47(6), 1307–1325. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-04-2019-0153

Dincer, O. C. (2008). Ethnic and religious diversity and corruption. Economics Letters, 99(1), 98–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2007.06.003

Dincer, O. C., & Fredriksson, P. G. (2018). Corruption and environmental regulatory policy in the United States: Does trust matter? Resource and Energy Economics, 54, 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2018.10.001

Dincer, O. C., & Gunalp, B. (2012). Corruption and Income Inequality in the United States. Contemporary Economic Policy, 30(2), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2011.00262.x

Dincer, O. C., & Johnston, M. (n.d.). Corruption Issues in State and Local Politics: Is Political Culture a Deep Determinant? Edmond J. Safra Working Papers, No. 48. Unpublished Material. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2491226; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2491226

Dincer, O. C., & Johnston, M. (2015). Measuring Illegal and Legal Corruption in American States: Some Results from the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics Corruption in America Survey. Safra Center for Ethics Corruption in America Survey (March 16, 2015). Edmond J. Safra Working Papers, 58. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2579300

Dincer, O., Ellis, C., & Waddell, G. (2010). Corruption, decentralization and yardstick competition. Economics of Governance, 11(3), 269–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-009-0067-x

Dincer, O., & Johnston, M. (2020). Legal corruption? Public Choice, 184(3–4), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-020-00832-3

Dincer, O., & Teoman, O. (2019). Does corruption kill? Evidence from half a century infant

189 

 

mortality data. Social Science & Medicine, 232, 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.017

Ding, S., Qu, B., & Wu, Z. (2016). Family Control, Socioemotional Wealth, and Governance Environment: The Case of Bribes. Journal of Business Ethics, 136(3), 639–654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2538-z

Dininio, P. (2005). The Risks of Recorruption. In Bertram I. Spector (Ed.), Fighting corruption in developing countries: Strategies and analysis (pp. 233–250). Kumarian Press.

Dininio, P., & Orttung, R. W. (2005). Explaining Patterns of Corruption in the Russian Regions. World Politics, 57(4), 500–529.

Diokno, B. E. (2012). Fiscal decentralization after 20 years: What have we learned? Where do we go from here? The Philippine Review of Economics : A Joint Publication of the University of the Philippines, School of Economics and the Philippine Economic Society, 49(1), 9–26.

Dion, M. (2010a). Corruption and ethical relativism: What is at stake? Journal of Financial Crime, 17(2), 240–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590791011033926

Dion, M. (2010b). What is corruption corrupting? A philosophical viewpoint. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 13(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685201011010209

Dion, M. (2011). Corruption, fraud and cybercrime as dehumanizing phenomena. International Journal of Social Economics, 38(5), 466–476. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068291111123156

Dion, M. (2013). Uncertainties and presumptions about corruption. Social Responsibility Journal, 9(3), 412–426. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-04-2012-0045

Dion, M. (2016). Bribery and the Grey Areas of Morality. In M. Dion, D. Weisstub, & J.-L. Richet (Eds.), Financial Crimes: Psychological, Technological, and Ethical Issues (pp. 249–265). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32419-7_12

Dion, M. (2017). Philosophical connections between the classical and the modern notion of corruption. Journal of Financial Crime, 24(1), 82–100.

DiPietro, W. R., & Flint, M. S. (2012). Political corruption, economic incentive, educational resource input, and the quality of human capital: A panel analysis over twenty-five years for the fifty US states. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(5), 25–36.

Dirienzo, C. (2018). Compliance with anti-human trafficking policies: The mediating effect of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-018-9780-0

190 

 

DiRienzo, C., & Das, J. (2015). Innovation and role of corruption and diversity: A cross-country study. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 15(1), 51–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595814554790

Dirienzo, C. E., Das, J., Cort, K. T., & Burbridge, J. (2007). Corruption and the role of information. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(2), 320. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400262

Disch, A., Vigeland, E., & Sundet, G. (n.d.). Anti-Corruption Approaches: A Literature Review. NoradDev, Sutdy 2/2208. Retrieved August 3, 2016, from http://norad.no/en/toolspublications/publications/2009/anti-corruption-approaches-a-literature-review/

Dissou, Y., & Yakautsava, T. (2012). Corruption, Growth, and Taxation. Theoretical Economics Letters, 02(01), 62–66. https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2012.21011

Ditton, J. (1977). Perks, pilferage, and the fiddle: The historical structure of invisible wages. Theory and Society, 4(1), 39–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209744

Diviák, T., Dijkstra, J., & Snijders, T. (2018). Structure, multiplexity, and centrality in a corruption network: The Czech Rath affair. Trends in Organized Crime, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-018-9334-y

Divjak, B., & Pugh, M. (2008). The Political Economy of Corruption in Bosnia and Herzegovina. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310802058927

Dix, S., Hussmann, K., & Walton, G. (2012). Risks of corruption to state legitimacy and stability in fragile situations. U4 Issue Paper, 2012(3). http://www.u4.no/publications/risks-of-corruption-to-state-legitimacy-and-stability-in-fragile-situations/

Dix, S., & Pok, E. (2009). Combating Corruption in Traditional Societies. In R. I. Rotberg, M. Bunn, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Committee on International Security Studies, John F. Kennedy School of Government. Program on Intrastate Conflict, & World Peace Foundation (Eds.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 239-259.). World Peace Foundation. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124

Dixit, A. (2018). Anti-corruption Institutions: Some History and Theory. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 15–49). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_2

Dixit, A. K. (2015). How Business Community Institutions Can Help Fight Corruption. The World Bank Economic Review, 29(suppl1), S25–S47.

191 

 

https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhv016

Dixit, A. K. (2016). Corruption: Supply-Side and Demand-Side Solutions. In S. M. Dev & P. G. Babu (Eds.), Development in India: Micro and Macro Perspectives (pp. 57-68.). Springer India, New Delhi.

Dizon-Ross, R., Dupas, P., & Robinson, J. (2015). Governance and the Effectiveness of Public Health Subsidies (p. 21324) [NBER Working Paper Series].

Djankov, S., La Porta, R. L., López De Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2002). The regulation of entry. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(1), 1–37.

Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2010). Disclosure by Politicians. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(2), 179–209. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.2.2.179

Djankov, S., Mcliesh, C., Nenova, T., & Shleifer, A. (2003). Who Owns the Media? The Journal of Law and Economics, 46(2), 341–382. https://doi.org/10.1086/377116

Djankov, S., Montalvo, J., & Reynal-Querol, M. (2008). The curse of aid. Journal of Economic Growth, 13(3), 169–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-008-9032-8

Djankov, S., Nikolova, E., & Zilinsky, J. (2016). The happiness gap in Eastern Europe. Journal of Comparative Economics, 44(1), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.10.006

Djawadi, B., & Fahr, R. (2013). The Impact of Risk Perception and Risk Attitudes on Corrupt Behavior: Evidence from a Petty Corruption Experiment. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Do, Q.-A., & Serfaty-de Medeiros, K. (2008). Corruption, Delays, and the Pattern of Trade [Working Paper]. http://www.mysmu.edu/faculty/quocanhdo/default_files/Papers/Do%20Serfaty-de-Medeiros%202008%20corruption%20trade.pdf

Dobie, L. (2018). Uphill battle against corruption. Public Finance, 10, 39–39.

Dobos, N. (2017). Networking, Corruption, and Subversion. Journal Of Business Ethics, 144(3), 467–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2853-4

Dobovsek, Bojan. (2006). Corruption, Informal Networks and Integrity Plans. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 69-78.). Czernin.

Dobratz, B., & Whitfield, S. (1992). Does scandal influence voters’ party preference? The case of Greece during the Papandreou era. European Sociological Review, 8(2), 167.

Dobrowolski, Z. (2017). Combating corruption and other organizational pathologies. Peter Lang.

192 

 

Dobrowolski, Z., & Sułkowski, Ł. (2019). Implementing a Sustainable Model for Anti-Money Laundering in the United Nations Development Goals. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), 12(1), 244-. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010244

Dobson, C., & Andres, A. (2011). Is Corruption Really Bad for Inequality? Evidence from Latin America. Journal of Development Studies, 47(7), 959–976. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2010.509784

Dobson, S., & Ramlogan-Dobson, C. (2010). Is there a trade-off between income inequality and corruption? Evidence from Latin America. Economics Letters, 107(2), 102–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2009.12.038

Dobson, S., & Ramlogan-Dobson, C. (2012a). Inequality, corruption and the informal sector. Economics Letters, 115(1), 104–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.11.034

Dobson, S., & Ramlogan-Dobson, C. (2012b). Why is Corruption Less Harmful to Income Inequality in Latin America? World Development, 40(8), 1534–1545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.04.015

Doğan, M. K., & Evrenk, H. (n.d.). Ignorance or trade-off? Testing three explanations for the re-election of corrupt politicians using data from an embedded survey in Turkey. Turkish Studies, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2020.1815534

Dogmus, Ö. C., & Nielsen, J. Ø. (2020). The on-paper hydropower boom: A case study of corruption in the hydropower sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ecological Economics, 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106630

Doh, J. P., Rodriguez, P., Uhlenbruck, K., Collins, J., & Eden, L. (2003). Coping with corruption in foreign markets. Academy of Management Executive, 17(3), 114–127.

Doig, A. (n.d.). Dealing with corruption: The next steps. Crime, Law and Social Change, 29(2–3), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008390808395

Doig, A. (1995). Good government and sustainable anti‐corruption strategies: A role for independent anti‐corruption agencies? Public Administration and Development, 15(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230150206

Doig, A. (1999a). Corruption and Its Control in the Developmental Context: An Analysis and Selective Review of the Literature. Third World Quarterly, 20(3), 657–676.

Doig, A. (1999b). In the state we trust? Democratisation, corruption and development. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 37(3), 13–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662049908447795

Doig, A. (2006a). Dirty Hands and the Donors: Dealing with Corruption in a Post‐Mugabe

193 

 

Zimbabwe. Political Quarterly, 77(1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2006.00732.x

Doig, A. (2006b). Not as Easy as it Sounds? Delivering the National Integrity System Approach in Practice: The Case Study of the National Anticorruption Programme in Lithuania. Public Administration Quarterly, 30(3/4), 273–313.

Doig, A. (2011). Numbers, words and KYC: Knowing Your Country and Knowing Your Corruption. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 7(2), 142–158. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1108/17422041111128221

Doig, A. (2014). Roadworks Ahead? Addressing Fraud, Corruption and Conflict of Interest in English Local Government. Local Government Studies, Journal Article, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2013.859140

Doig, A., & Levi, M. (2020). Editorial: The dynamics of the fight against fraud and bribery—reflections on core issues in this PMM theme. Public Management Review, 40(5), 343–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1752547

Doig, A., & Marquette, H. (2005). Corruption and democratisation: The litmus test of international donor agency intentions? Futures, 37(2), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2004.03.026

Doig, A., & Mcivor, S. (2003). The National Integrity System: Assessing corruption and reform. Public Administration and Development, 23(4), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.287

Doig, A., Mcivor, S., & Theobald, R. (2006). Numbers, nuances and moving targets: Converging the use of corruption indicators or descriptors in assessing state development. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 72(2), 239–252.

Doig, A., & Norris, D. (2012). Improving anti-corruption agencies as organisations. Journal of Financial Crime, 19(3), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590791211243101

Doig, A., & Riley, S. (1998). Corruption and Anti-Corruption Strategies: Issues and Case Studies from Developing Countries. In Corruption and integrity improvement initiatives in developing countries. New York, NY: UNDP, Management Development and Governance Div, Bureau for Development Policy.

Doig, A., & Theobald, R. (2000). Corruption and democratisation. Frank Cass.

Doig, A., & Tisne, M. (2009). A candidate for relegation? Corruption, governance approaches and the (re)construction of post‐war states. Public Administration and Development, 29(5), 374–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.543

Doig, A., Watt, D., & Williams, R. (2006). Hands‐on or hands‐off? Anti‐corruption agencies in action, donor expectations, and a good enough reality. Public Administration and

194 

 

Development, 26(2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.398

Doig, A., Watt, D., & Williams, R. (2007). Why do developing country anti‐corruption commissions fail to deal with corruption? Understanding the three dilemmas of organisational development, performance expectation, and donor and government cycles. Public Administration and Development, 27(3), 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.452

Dolan, K., Mckeown, B., & Carlson, J. (1988). Popular conceptions of political corruption—Implications for the empirical study of political ethics. Corruption and Reform, 3(1), 3–24.

Dollar, D., Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2001). Are women really the “fairer” sex? Corruption and women in government. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 46(4), 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00169-X

Domadenik, P., Prasnikar, J., & Svejnar, J. (2016). Political Connectedness, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance. Journal Of Business Ethics, 139(2), 411–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2675-4

Dombrovsky, V. (2011). Do Political Connections Matter? Firm-Level Evidence from Latvia (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1168702). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1168702

Domfeh, K. A., & Bawole, J. N. (2011). Muting the whistleblower through retaliation in selected African countries. Journal of Public Affairs, 11(4), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.382

Domokos, L. (2015). Strengthening integrity against corruption: The Integrity Project of the State Audit Office of Hungary. International Journal of Government Auditing, 42(3), 22–26.

Domonkos, S. (2016). Who Wants a Progressive Income Tax? East European Politics & Societies and Cultures, 30(2), 423–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325415602055

Donadelli, M., Fasan, M., & Magnanelli, B. (2014). The Agency Problem, Financial Performance and Corruption: Country, Industry and Firm Level Perspectives. European Management Review, 11(3–4), 259.

Donais, T. (2003). The political economy of stalemate: Organised crime, corruption and economic deformation in post-Dayton Bosnia. Conflict, Security & Development, 3(3), 359–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/1467880032000151635

Donald, D. C. (2013). Countering corrupting conflicts of interest: The example of Hong Kong. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 66–94). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A013

195 

 

Donaldson, T., & Dunfee, T. W. (1999). Ties that bind: A social contracts approach to business ethics. Harvard Business Press. https://books-google-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/books?hl=en&lr=&id=c71Ti8RuT10C&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Donaldson,+T.+%26+T.W.+Dunfee.+1999.+Ties+that+Bind:+A+Social+Contracts+Approach+to+Business+Ethics+(Boston,+MA:+Harvard+Business+School+Press).&ots=5t6gMYI_s5&sig=Z11HUSyW3rWnnPz-bOj7FuaLUk4

Donchev, D., & Ujhelyi, G. (2014). What Do Corruption Indices Measure? Economics & Politics, 26(2), 309.

Dong, Baomin, Zhang, Y., & Song, H. (2019). Corruption as a natural resource curse: Evidence from the Chinese coal mining. China Economic Review, 57, 101314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.101314

Dong, Bin, Dulleck, U., & Torgler, B. (2012). Conditional corruption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(3), 609–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.12.001

Dong, Bin, & Torgler, B. (2009a). Corruption and political interest: Empirical evidence at the micro level. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 21(3), 295–325.

Dong, Bin, & Torgler, B. (2009b). Corruption, Social Norms and Political Interest. Empirical Economics Letters, 8(1), 72-77.

Dong, Bin, & Torgler, B. (2010). The Consequences of Corruption: Evidence from China [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc].

Dong, Bin, & Torgler, B. (2011). Democracy, Property Rights, Income Equality, and Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1756816). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1756816

Dong, Bin, & Torgler, B. (2012). Corruption and social interaction: Evidence from China. Journal of Policy Modeling, 34(6), 932–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2012.04.005

Dong, Bin, & Torgler, B. (2013). Causes of corruption: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 26, 152–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2012.09.005

Dong, Q., & Barcena-Ruiz, J. (2014). Corruption and decisions on opening up markets. Economic Modelling, 36(Journal Article), 23.

Donohue, K. (2015). Combatting Fraud, Waste and Abuse: A More Proactive Approach Is the Answer. The Journal of Government Financial Management, 64(1), 54–55.

Donovan, T., & Karp, J. (2017). Electoral rules, corruption, inequality and evaluations of democracy. European Journal Of Political Research, 56(3), 469–486. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12188

196 

 

D’Onza, G., Brotini, F., & Zarone, V. (2017). Disclosure on Measures to Prevent Corruption Risks: A Study of Italian Local Governments. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(7), 612–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2016.1143000

Dormaels, A. (2010). Corruption as a Judgment Label. In New Emprical Data, Theories and Analyses on Safety, Societal Problems and Citizens’ Perceptions (Vol. 3, pp. 221–238).

Dormaels, Arne. (2015). Perceptions of corruption in Flanders: Surveying citizens and police. A study on the influence of occupational differential association on perceptions of corruption. Policing & Society, 25(6), 596.

Dormaels, Arne, & Easton, M. (2012). Applying “differential association theory” to understand perceptions of corruption. In Social analysis of security: Financial, economic and ecological crime; crime,(in) security and (dis) trust; public and private policing (pp. 103–112). https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/3066541

Dormaels, Arne, & Walle, G. V. (2011). Preventing corruption: Lessons learned from anti-corruption training for Belgian customs and excise officers. World Customs Journal, 35.

Doroftei, I. (2016). Measuring Government Favouritism Objectively: The Case of Romanian Public Construction Sector. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 399–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-016-9319-9

Dorotinsky, W. & S. Pradhan. (2007). Exploring Corruption in Public Financial Management. In J. Edgardo Campos, S. Pradhan, & World Bank (Eds.), The many faces of corruption: Tracking vulnerabilities at the sector level. World Bank.

Dorsey, J. M. (2018). Gulf autocrats and sports corruption: A marriage made in heaven. Sport in Society, 21(5), 762–772. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2018.1401356

Dort, T., Méon, P.-G., & Sekkat, K. (2014). Does Investment Spur Growth Everywhere? Not Where Institutions Are Weak. Kyklos, 67(4), 482–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12064

dos Santos, L. A., & da Costa, P. M. T. (2014). The contribution of lobby regulation initiatives in addressing political corruption in Latin America. Journal of Public Affairs, 14(3–4), 379.

Doty, James R. (2007). Toward a Reg FCPA: A Modest Proposal for Change in Administering the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Business Lawyer, 62, 1233–1256.

Douhan, R., & Henrekson, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship and second-best institutions: Going beyond Baumol’s typology. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 20(4), 629–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-010-0174-4

Douoguih, K. C. (2005). Does Mineral Resource Dependence Foster Corruption? [Working

197 

 

Paper].

Dowd, R. J. (1990). Civil RICO Misread: The Judicial Repeal of the 1988 Amendments to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Fordham International Law Journal, 14(4), 946.

Drábek, Z. (2001). The impact of transparency on foreign direct investment (Staff working paper ERAD 99-02). Genève: WTO, Economic Research and Analysis Div.

Drackle, Dorle. (2005). Where the Jeeps Come From: Narratives of Corruption in the Alentejo (Southern Portugal). In D. Haller & C. Shore (Eds.), Corruption: Anthropological perspectives. Pluto.

Dragu, T., & Przeworski, A. (2019). Preventive Repression: Two Types of Moral Hazard. The American Political Science Review, 113(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000552

Drápalová, Eliška, & Di Mascio, F. (2020). Islands of good government: Explaining successful corruption control in two Spanish cities. Politics and Governance, 8, 128-.

Drápalová, Eliska, & Vampa, D. (2018). The Decline of Traditional Partisanship in Spanish Municipalities: Corruption, Inequality and Territorial Mobilisation. Representation, 54(4), 349–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2018.1539029

Draženović, I., Kunovac, M., & Pripužić, D. (2018). Dynamics and determinants of emigration: The case of Croatia and the experience of new EU member states. Public Sector Economics, 42(4), 415–447. https://doi.org/10.3326.pse.42.4.3

Dreher, A., Meon, P. G., & Schneider, F. (2014). The devil is in the shadow. Do institutions affect income and productivity or only official income and official productivity? Public Choice, 158(1–2), 121–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-012-9954-8

Dreher, Axel, & Gassebner, M. (2013). Greasing the wheels? The impact of regulations and corruption on firm entry. Public Choice, 155(3), 413–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-011-9871-2

Dreher, Axel, & Herzfeld, T. (2005). The Economic Costs of Corruption: A Survey and New Evidence (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 734184). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=734184

Dreher, Axel, Kotsogiannis, C., & Mccorriston, S. (2007). Corruption around the world: Evidence from a structural model. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(3), 443–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2007.07.001

Dreher, Axel, Kotsogiannis, C., & McCorriston, S. (2009). How do institutions affect corruption and the shadow economy? International Tax and Public Finance, 16(6), 773–796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-008-9089-5

198 

 

Dreher, Axel, & Schneider, F. (2010). Corruption and the shadow economy: An empirical analysis. Public Choice, 144(1), 215–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9513-0

Dreher, Axel, & Siemers, L. (2005). The Intriguing Nexus between Corruption and Capital Account Restrictions. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Dreisbach, T. (2017). Swimming Against the Tide: Implementing Ghana’s Anticorruption Action Plan, 2014–2016. Swimming Against the Tide: Implementing Ghana’s Anticorruption Action Plan, 2014–2016. /publications/swimming-against-tide-implementing-ghanas-anticorruption-action-plan-20142016

Drenski, A., Hallren, R., & Lee, J. N. (2019). Tariff evasion in global trade data. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2019.1602667

Drezner, D. W., & Hite-Rubin, N. (2014). Does Military Power Attract (Corrupt) Foreign Investment? An Empirical Investigation. [Working Paper].

Dridi, M. (2013). Corruption and economic growth: The transmission channels. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 4(4), 121–152.

Driessen, M. (2019). Laughing about Corruption in Ethiopian‐Chinese Encounters. American Anthropologist, 121(4), 911–922. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13320

Driffield, N. L., Mickiewicz, T., Pal, S., & Temouri, Y. (2010). Bridging the Gap? Corruption, Knowledge and Foreign Ownership (No. 10–01; CEDI Discussion Paper Series). Centre for Economic Development and Institutions(CEDI), Brunel University. https://ideas.repec.org/p/edb/cedidp/10-01.html

Driffield, N., Mickiewicz, T., & Temouri, Y. (2014). Institutions and Equity Structure of Foreign Affiliates. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 22(3), 216–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12054

Drori, G. S., Jang, Y. S., & Meyer, J. W. (2006). Sources of Rationalized Governance: Cross-National Longitudinal Analyses, 1985–2002. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(2), 205–229. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.51.2.205

Drugov, M. (2010). Competition in bureaucracy and corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 92(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.02.004

Drugov, M., Hamman, J., & Serra, D. (2014). Intermediaries in corruption: An experiment. Experimental Economics, 17(1), 78–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-013-9358-8

Drury, A. C., Krieckhaus, J., & Lusztig, M. (2006). Corruption, Democracy, and Economic Growth. International Political Science Review / Revue Internationale de Science

199 

 

Politique, 27(2), 121–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512106061423

Drybread, K. (2018). When corruption is not a crime: “innocent” white politicians and the racialisation of criminality in Brazil. Culture, Theory and Critique, 59(4), 332–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2018.1527706

Dryden, C. E. (2016). Note: Exploring the promise and potential of a WTO anti-corruption treaty. Law and Contemporary Problems, 79(4), 249.

D’Souza, A. (2011). The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Changing the currents of trade. Journal of Development Economics, 97(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.01.002

D’Souza, A., & Kaufmann, D. (2013). Who bribes in public contracting and why: Worldwide evidence from firms. Economics of Governance, 14(4), 333–367.

Du, J. (2008). Corruption and Corporate Finance Patterns: An International Perspective. Pacific Economic Review, 13(2), 183–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2008.00396.x

Du, J., Lu, Y., & Tao, Z. (2015). Government expropriation and Chinese-style firm diversification. Journal of Comparative Economics, 43(1), 155–169.

Duanmu, J.-L. (2011). The effect of corruption distance and market orientation on the ownership choice of MNEs: Evidence from China. Journal of International Management, 17(2), 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2011.01.003

Duasa, J. (2008). Tendency of corruption and its determinants among public servants: A case study on Malaysia. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Dubois, Pascale Helene. (2012). Domestic and international administrative tools to combat fraud & corruption: A comparison of US suspension and debarment with the World Bank’s sanctions system. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 195–235.

Dubois, Pascale Hélène. (2013). Sanctions at the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank: Addressing Corruption and Fraud in Development Assistance. In A. Del Debbio (Ed.), Temas de Anticorrupção & Compliance (pp. 45-).

Dubois, Pascale Helene, Ezzeddin, P., & Swan, C. D. (2016). Suspension and Debarment on the International Stage: Experiences in the World Bank’s Sanctions System. Public Procurement Law Review, 25, 61-.

Dubois, Pascale Hélène, & Nowlan, A. E. (2010). Global Administrative Law and the Legitimacy of Sanctions Regimes in International Law. Yale Journal of International Law Online, 36, 15-.

Dubois, Pascale Hélène, Peters, K. M., & Berzero, R. (2020). Settlements within the World Bank

200 

 

Group Sanctions System. Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00013.xml

Dubrovskiy, V. (2006). Towards Effective Anti-Corruption Strategies in Ukraine: Removing the Cornerstone Without Toppling the Building (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1438040). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1438040

Duckett, J. (2001). Bureaucrats in Business, Chinese-Style: The Lessons of Market Reform and State Entrepreneurialism in the People’s Republic of China. World Development, 29(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00083-8

Dudaș, L., & Mihiț, L. (2019). What Shapes Elections and Corruption in Emerging and Developing Countries ? Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, XIX(1), 195–201.

Dudas, S., & Tsolakidis, N. (2013). Host-State Counterclaims: A Remedy for Fraud or Corruption in Investment-Treaty Arbitration? Transnational Dispute Management, 10(3).

Dudley, L., & Montmarquette, C. (1987). Bureaucratic corruption as a constraint on voter choice. Public Choice, 55(1), 127–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00156814

Duerrenberger, N., & Warning, S. (2018). Corruption and education in developing countries: The role of public vs. private funding of higher education. International Journal of Educational Development, 62, 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.05.002

Duflo, E., Dupas, P., & Kremer, M. (2011). Peer effects, teacher incentives, and the impact of tracking: Evidence from a randomized evaluation in Kenya. American Economic Review, 101(5), 1739–1774.

Duflo, E., Greenstone, M., Pande, R., & Ryan, N. (2013). Truth-telling by third-party auditors and the response of polluting firms: Experimental evidence from India. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(4), 1499.

Duflo, E., Hanna, R., & Ryan, S. P. (2012). Incentives Work: Getting Teachers to Come to School. American Economic Review, 102(4), 1241–1278. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.4.1241

Duflo, E., & Topalova, P. (2004). Unappreciated service: Performance, perceptions, and women leaders in india (Framed Field Experiments No. 00233). The Field Experiments Website. https://ideas.repec.org/p/feb/framed/00233.html

Dufwenberg, M., & Spagnolo, G. (2015). Legalizing Bribe Giving. Economic Inquiry, 53(2), 836–853. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12162

Dugard, J. (2013). Corruption: Is there a Need for a New Convention. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a

201 

 

constructive role? (pp. 159–168). Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Dugast, A., Judais, N., Nganyi, F., & Zhang, H. (2020). Tackling corruption in global health. The Lancet (British Edition), 396(10245), 161–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30307-X

Duggan, M., & Levitt, S. D. (2002). Winning Isnt Everything: Corruption in Sumo Wrestling. American Economic Review, 92(5), 1594–1605. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282802762024665

Duh, R.-R., Ye, C., & Yu, L.-H. (2018). Corruption and audit market concentration: An international investigation. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2018.1540942

Duh, R.-R., Ye, C., & Yu, L.-H. (2020). Corruption and auditor choice: A cross-country investigation. Review of Accounting and Finance, 19(2), 175–197. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAF-12-2018-0273

Duhamel, L. (2004). The last campaign against corruption in Soviet Moscow. Europe-Asia Studies, 56(2), 187–212.

Duizend, J., & McCann, G. K. (1998). Do Collegiate Business Students Show a Propensity to Engage in Illegal Business Practices? Journal of Business Ethics, 17(3), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017945925104

Dumas, L. J., Wedel, J. R., & Callman, G. (2010). Confronting Corruption, Building Accountability: Lessons from the World of International Development Advising. New York, US: Palgrave Macmillan.

Duncan, C. J. (2000). Comments on the 1998 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Amendments: Moral Empiricism or Moral Imperialism. Asian Pacific Law & Policy Journal, 1, i.

Duncan, N. (2006). The Non-Perception Based Measurement of Corruption: A Review of Issues and Methods from a Policy Perspective. In C. J. G. Sampford (Ed.), Measuring corruption (pp. 131-162.). Ashgate.

Dunfee, T. W., & Hess, D. (2001). Getting from Salbu to the “tipping point”: The role of corporate action with a portfolio of anti-corruption strategies. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 21(2), 471–490.

Dunning, T. (2004). Conditioning the Effects of Aid: Cold War Politics, Donor Credibility, and Democracy in Africa. International Organization, 58(2), 409–423. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818304582073

Durand, S. (2018). Corruption and Anticorruption in France between the 1670s and the 1780s: The Example of the Provincial Administration of Languedoc. In Anti-corruption in

202 

 

History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-11

Durham, J. B. J. B. (2004). Absorptive capacity and the effects of foreign direct investment and equity foreign portfolio investment on economic growth. European Economic Review, 48(2), 285–306.

Dusek, L., Ortmann, A., & Lízal, L. (2005). Understanding corruption and corruptibility through experiments. Prague Economic Papers, xiv(2), 147–162.

Dusha, E. (2011). Persistent Inequality, Corruption, and Factor Productivity [Working Paper]. http://individual.utoronto.ca/dusha/files/jmp.pdf

Dusha, E. (2015). Intermediated Corruption. International Economic Review, 56(3), 997.

Dussuyer, I., Mumford, S., & Sullivan, G. (2011). Reporting Corrupt Practices in the Public Interest: Innovative Approaches to Whistleblowing. In A. Graycar, R. G. Smith, A. Graycar, & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR05220150821

Dutt, P. (2009). Trade protection and bureaucratic corruption: An empirical investigation. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d’économique, 42(1), 155–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2008.01503.x

Dutt, P., & Traca, D. (2010). Corruption and Bilateral Trade Flows: Extortion or Evasion? The Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(4), 843–860. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00034

Dutta, B., & Gupta, P. (2012). How Do Indian Voters Respond to Candidates with Criminal Charges: Evidence from the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections [MPRA Paper]. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38417/

Dutta, I., & Mishra, A. (2003). Corruption and Competition in the Presence of Inequality and Market Imperfections. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Dutta, N., & Sobel, R. (2016). Does corruption ever help entrepreneurship? Small Business Economics; Small Bus.Econ.Group, 47(1), 179–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9728-7

Dutta, Nabamita, Kar, S., & Roy, S. (2013). Corruption and persistent informality: An empirical investigation for India. International Review of Economics and Finance, 27, 357.

Dutta, Nabamita, Kar, S., & Saha, S. (2017). Human capital and FDI: How does corruption affect the relationship? Economic Analysis and Policy, 56, 126–134.

203 

 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2017.08.007

Dutta, Nabamita, & Roy, S. (2016). The Interactive Impact of Press Freedom and Media Reach on Corruption. Economic Modelling, 58(Journal Article), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.05.008

Duțulescu, S., & Nișulescu-Ashrafzadeh, I. (2017). Corruption In The Public And Private Sector From Romania: A Comparative Study. Junior Scientific Researcher, 3(1), 30–39.

Duvanova, D. (2007). Bureaucratic Corruption and Collective Action: Business Associations in the Postcommunist Transition. Comparative Politics, 39(4), 441–461. https://doi.org/10.2307/20434054

Duvanova, D. (2012). Bureaucratic Discretion and the Regulatory Burden: Business Environments under Alternative Regulatory Regimes. British Journal of Political Science, 42(3), 573–596. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123411000457

Duvanova, D. (2014). Economic Regulations, Red Tape, and Bureaucratic Corruption in Post-Communist Economies. World Development, 59, 298–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.028

Dvořáková, V. (2019). Regime Change as a Trigger of Corruption: Experience from Post-communist Countries. Politologická Revue, 25(2), 101–126.

Dwivedi, O. P., Mishra, D. S., & Mishra, M. (2009). Combating Corruption in India: Challenges and Approaches. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge.

Dwyer, L., Golden, K., & Lehman, S. (2014). Public Corruption. The American Criminal Law Review, 51(4), 1549.

Dyck, A., Morse, A., & Zingales, L. (2010). Who Blows the Whistle on Corporate Fraud? Journal of Finance, 65(6), 2213–2253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01614.x

Dye, K. (n.d.). Corruption and Fraud Detection by Supreme Audit Institutions. In Anwar Shah (Ed.), Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption. World Bank. Retrieved August 2, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/corruption-and-fraud-detection-by-supreme-audit-institutions/

Dye, K. M., & Stapenhurst, R. (1998). Pillars of Integrity: The Importance of Supreme Audit Institutions in Curbing Corruption. World Bank. http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/pillars-of-integrity-the-importance-of-supreme-audit-institutions-in-curbing-corruption/

Dyussenov, M. (2019). The Role of ICT in Addressing Corruption Across Political Regimes.

204 

 

Otoritas: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 9(1), 42–55. https://doi.org/10.26618/ojip.v9i1.1508

Dza, M., Gapp, R., & Fisher, R. (2015). Taking the professionalism out of the profession: A study of procurement and Africa. Int.J.of Procurement Management, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPM.2015.069152

Dzamtovska-Zdravkovska, S., Denkova, J., & Majhosev, A. (2014). Transparecy v. Corruption: The Case of Republic of Macedonia. Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy, 8(2), 295–310.

Dzhumashev, R. (2016). The Role of Income Uncertainty in the Corruption-Growth Nexus. B E Journal Of Economic Analysis & Policy; B E J.Econ.Anal.Policy, 16(2), 1169–1201. https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2015-0056

Dzhumashev, Ratbek. (2007). Corruption, Uncertainty And Growth (No. 15–07; Monash Economics Working Papers). Monash University, Department of Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/mos/moswps/2007-15.html

Dzhumashev, Ratbek. (2008a). Corruption and Regulatory Burden (No. 2081; MPRA Paper). University Library of Munich, Germany. https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/2081.html

Dzhumashev, Ratbek. (2008b). Corruption and Disposable Risk (No. 11772; MPRA Paper). University Library of Munich, Germany. https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/11772.html

Dzhumashev, Ratbek. (2009). Is there a direct effect of corruption on growth? (No. 18489; MPRA Paper). University Library of Munich, Germany. https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/18489.html

Dzhumashev, Ratbek. (2014a). Corruption and growth: The role of governance, public spending, and economic development. Economic Modelling, 37(Journal Article), 202.

Dzhumashev, Ratbek. (2014b). The two-way relationship between government spending and corruption and its effects on economic growth. Contemporary Economic Policy : A Journal of Western Economic Association International, 32(2), 403–419.

Džunić, M., & Golubović, N. (2018). Perceived Corruption in Business Environment: Exploring the Underlying Causes. E+M Ekonomie a Management, 21(4), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2018-4-004

Ear, S. (2007). Does Aid Dependence Worsen Governance? International Public Management Journal, 10(3), 259–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967490701515580

Ear, S. (2016). Combating corruption in Cambodia. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 159–174.

Earle, B. (1996). The United States’ Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the OECD anti-bribery

205 

 

recommendation: When moral suasion won’t work, try the money argument. (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Dickinson Journal of International Law, 14(2), 207–242.

Earle, B. (2000). Bribery and corruption in Eastern Europe, the Baltic States, and the Commonwealth of Independent States: What is to be done? Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 483.

Earle, B., & Cava, A. (2008). Are anti-corruption efforts paying off? International and national measures in the Asia-Pacific region and their impact on India and multinational corporations. The University of Hawaii Law Review, 31(1), 59–86.

Earle, B., & Cava, A. (2014). The penumbra of the United States’ Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Brazil’s Clean Companies Act and implications for the pharmaceutical industry. Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business, 13(3), 439–468.

Easterly, W., & Pfutze, T. (2008). Where Does the Money Go? Best and Worst Practices in Foreign Aid. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.2.29

Easterly, W., Ritzen, J., & Woolcock, M. (2006). Social Cohesion, Institutions, and Growth. Economics & Politics, 18(2), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2006.00165.x

Eaton, J. S. (2020). Combatting Academic Corruption: Quality Assurance and Accreditation Moving Forward. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 167–171). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000031.xml

Ebegbulem, J. C. (2020). The Impacts of Political Corruption on Democratic Consolidation and the Electoral Process in Nigeria. Academicus : International Scientific Journal, 2020(21), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2020.21.03

Ebekozien, A. (2020). Corrupt acts in the Nigerian construction industry: Is the ruling party fighting corruption? Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 38(3), 348–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2020.1758304

Eboe-Osuji, Chile. (2005). A Desired Subject of International Criminal Law that Is in Dire Need of Prosecution by Universal Jurisdication. In E. A. Ankumah, E. K. Kwakwa, & Africa Legal Aid (Eds.), African perspectives on international criminal justice (pp. 132-). Africa Legal Aid.

Echazu, L. (2008). Corruption, centralization, and the shadow economy. Southern Economic Journal, 75(2), 524–537.

Echazu, L. (2010). Corruption and the Balance of Gender Power. Review of Law & Economics, 6(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.2202/1555-5879.1397

206 

 

Echazu, L., & Garoupa, N. (2010). Corruption and the Distortion of Law Enforcement Effort. American Law and Economics Review, 12(1), 162–180. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahp020

Ecker, A., Glinitzer, K., & Meyer, T. M. (2016). Corruption performance voting and the electoral context. European Political Science Review, 8(3), 333–354. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773915000053

Eddleston, K. A., Banalieva, E. R., & Verbeke, A. (2020). The Bribery Paradox in Transition Economies and the Enactment of ‘New Normal’ Business Environments. Journal of Management Studies, 57(3), 597–625. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12551

Edison, H. J., Levine, R., Ricci, L., & Sløk, T. (2002). International financial integration and economic growth. Journal of International Money and Finance, 21(6), 749–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5606(02)00021-9

Edling, H. (2005). Preventing corruption in public finance management: A practical guide.

Efendic, A., Pugh, G., & Adnett, N. (2011). Institutions and economic performance: A meta-regression analysis. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(3), 586–599.

Efobi, U. (2015). Politicians’ Attributes and Institutional Quality in Africa: A Focus on Corruption. Journal of Economic Issues, 49(3), 787–813. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2015.1072393

Efobi, U., Asongu, S., & Beecroft, I. (2018). Aid, Terrorism, and Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Insight Conditioned on Corruption Control (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3284414). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3284414

Egbendewe, A. Y., & Oloufade, D. K. (2020). Good institutions and banking sector competitiveness: A semi-parametric evidence. Finance Research Letters, 36, 101342-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.101342

Egger, P., & Winner, H. (2005). Evidence on corruption as an incentive for foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy, 21(4), 932–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.01.002

Egger, P., & Winner, H. (2006). How Corruption Influences Foreign Direct Investment: A Panel Data Study. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54(2), 459–486. https://doi.org/10.1086/497010

Eggers, A. (2014). Partisanship and Electoral Accountability: Evidence from the UK Expenses Scandal. Quarterly Journal Of Political Science, 9(4), 441–472. https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00013140

Eggers, A. C., & Hainmueller, J. (2009). MPs for Sale? Returns to Office in Postwar British

207 

 

Politics. American Political Science Review, 103(4), 513–533. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990190

Eggers, A. C., & Hainmueller, J. (2013). Capitol Losses: The Mediocre Performance of Congressional Stock Portfolios. The Journal of Politics, 75(2), 535–551. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381613000194

Eggers, A. C., Vivyan, N., & Wagner, M. (2018). Corruption, Accountability, and Gender: Do Female Politicians Face Higher Standards in Public Life? The Journal of Politics, 80(1), 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1086/694649

Eggers, A., & Spirling, A. (2014). Guarding the Guardians: Legislative Self-Policing and Electoral Corruption in Victorian Britain. Quarterly Journal Of Political Science, 9(3), 337–370. https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00013098

Egharevba, E., & Atkinson, J. (2016). The role of corruption and unethical behaviour in precluding the placement of industry sponsored clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa: Stakeholder views. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 3(Journal Article), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2016.04.009

Egorov, G., Guriev, S., & Sonin, K. (2009). Why Resource-poor Dictators Allow Freer Media: A Theory and Evidence from Panel Data. American Political Science Review, 103(4), 645–668. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990219

Egunjobi, T. A. (2013). An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in Nigeria. E3 Journal of Business Management and Economics, 4(3), 54–65.

Ehrlich, I., & Lui, F. (1999). Bureaucratic corruption and endogenous economic growth. 107(6, Part 2 Suppl. S), S270–S293.

Ehsan, M. (2006). When Implementation Fails: The Case of Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) and Corruption Control in Bangladesh’. Asian Affairs, 28(3), 40–63.

Eicher, S. (2009). The Good and Evil Faces of Foreign Investment. In S. Eicher (Ed.), Corruption in International Business: The Challenge of Cultural and Legal Diversity. Corporate Social Responsibility Series. (pp. 47–60). Gower Publishing.

Eicher, S. (2016a). Government for Hire. In Corruption in International Business: The Challenge of Cultural and Legal Diversity. Corporate Social Responsibility Series. (pp. 15-30.). Gower Publishing.

Eicher, S. (2016b). Risk Management – Playing By the Rules. In Corruption in International Business: The Challenge of Cultural and Legal Diversity. Corporate Social Responsibility Series. (pp. 113-128.). Gower Publishing.

Eicher, S. (2016c). What Corruption Is and Why it Matters. In Corruption in International

208 

 

Business: The Challenge of Cultural and Legal Diversity. Corporate Social Responsibility Series. (pp. 1-14.). Gower Publishing.

Eicher, S. (2016d). When Shareholders Lose (or Win) through Corruption. In Corruption in International Business: The Challenge of Cultural and Legal Diversity. Corporate Social Responsibility Series. (pp. 31-46.). Gower Publishing.

Eicher, T., García-Peñalosa, C., & Ypersele, T. (2009). Education, corruption, and the distribution of income. Journal of Economic Growth, 14(3), 205–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-009-9043-0

Eigen, P. (1996). Combatting Corruption Around the World. Journal of Democracy, 7(1), 158–168. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1996.0005

Eigen, P. (1998). The Role of Civil Society. In Corruption and integrity improvement initiatives in developing countries (pp. 83–89). New York, NY: UNDP, Management Development and Governance Div, Bureau for Development Policy.

Eigen, P. (2002). Measuring and combating corruption. The Journal of Policy Reform, 5(4), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/1384128032000096805

Eigen, P. (2007). Fighting corruption in a global economy: Transparency initiatives in the oil and gas industry. Houston Journal of International Law, 29(2), 327.

Eigen, P. (2009). A Coalition To Combat Corruption: TI, EITI, and Civil Society. In R. I. Rotberg, M. Bunn, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Committee on International Security Studies, John F. Kennedy School of Government. Program on Intrastate Conflict, & World Peace Foundation (Eds.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 416-429.). World Peace Foundation. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124

Eilat, Y., & Zinnes, C. (2002). The Shadow Economy in Transition Countries: Friend or Foe? A Policy Perspective. World Development, 30(7), 1233–1254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00036-0

Einhorn, A. (2007). The evolution and endpoint of responsibility: The FCPA, SOX, socialist-oriented governments, gratuitous promisies, and a novel CSR code. The Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 35(3), 509–546.

Eisen, N. (n.d.). The Tap Plus Approach to Anti-Corruption in the Natural Resource Value Chain. 220.

Eisler, J. (2011). The Unspoken Institutional Battle Over Anticorruption: Citizens United, Honest Services, and the Legislative-Judicial Divide. First Amendment Law Review, 9, 363–749.

209 

 

Eizenstat, S.E. (1998). Promoting the Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption in a Globalized Economy. Economic Perspectives, 12(1), 4–7.

Eke, S. J., & Tonwe, D. (2016). Address Causes not Symptoms: Engaging the Festering Culture of Impunity from the Dimension of Fragility in Nigeria. African Studies; Afr.Stud., 75(1), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2015.1129135

El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O., Kwok, C., & Zheng, X. (2016). Collectivism and Corruption in Commercial Loan Production: How to Break the Curse? Journal Of Business Ethics, 139(2), 225–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2551-2

El Said, H., & McDonald, F. (2002). Institutional reform and entry mode by foreign firms: The case of Jordan. https://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk/handle/10454/2591

El Shazly, Y. (2017). Corruption, revolution and settlement: An Egyptian story for resolving investment disputes. International Review of Law, 2017(7). https://doi.org/10.5339/irl.2017.ADR.7

Elaad, G., Krumer, A., & Kantor, J. (2018). Corruption and Sensitive Soccer Games: Cross-Country Evidence. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 34(3), 364–394.

Elbahnasawy, N. G. (2014). E-Government, Internet Adoption, and Corruption: An Empirical Investigation. World Development, 57(Journal Article), 114–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.12.005

Elbahnasawy, Nasr G., & Revier, C. F. (2012). The Determinants of Corruption: Cross‐Country‐Panel‐Data Analysis. Developing Economies, 50(4), 311–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2012.00177.x

Eldomiaty, T., Hammam, R., & El Bakry, R. (2020). Institutional determinants of financial inclusion: Evidence from world economies. International Journal of Development Issues, 19(2), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-08-2019-0147

Eldridge, P. T. (2013). Without bounds: Navigating corporate compliance through enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Arkansas Law Review, 66(3), 733–773.

Elgin, C., & Uras, B. R. (2013). Public debt, sovereign default risk and shadow economy. Journal of Financial Stability, 9(4), 628–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2012.09.002

Eliason, R. D. (2009). Surgery with a Meat Axe: Using Honest Services Fraud to Prosecute Federal Corruption. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 99(4), 929–986.

Elliott, K. A. (1997a). Corruption and the global economy. Institute for International Economics.

Elliott, K. A. (1997b). Corruption as an International Policy Problem: Overview and

210 

 

Recommendations. In Corruption and the global economy (p. . 175-233). Institute for International Economics.

Elliott, K. A. (1998). The problem of corruption: A tale of two countries.(Kenya, Uganda)(A Review of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on Its Twentieth Anniversary: Its Appliction, Defense and International Aftermath). Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 18(2), 524–534.

Ellis, C., & Fender, J. (2006). Corruption and Transparency in a Growth Model. International Tax and Public Finance, 13(2), 115–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-006-1664-z

Ellis, J., Smith, J., & White, R. (2019). Corruption and Corporate Innovation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109019000735

Ellis, S. D. K. (2006). The roots of African corruption. 105(691).

Eme, O. I., Izuchukwu Samuel, I., & Emmanuel Chidubem, E. (2017). African Anti-Corruption Agencies: Challenges and Prospects. Management Studies and Economic Systems, 3(4), 225–243.

Emerson, P. M. (2002). Corruption and industrial dualism in less developed countries. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 11(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638190110093163

Emerson, P. M. (2006). Corruption, competition and democracy. Journal of Development Economics, 81(1), 193–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.04.005

Emmanuel Olusegun, S. (2016). Romania’s Corruption Barometer: Putting the Public Sector on a Scale. Romanian Economic Journal, 60, 213–236.

Emran, M. S., Islam, A., & Shilpi, F. (2013). Admission is free only if your dad is rich! Distributional effects of corruption in schools in developing countries (No. 6671; Policy Research Working Paper Series). The World Bank. https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/6671.html

Emran, M. S., Islam, A., & Shilpi, F. (2020). Distributional Effects of Corruption When Enforcement is Biased: Theory and Evidence from Bribery in Schools in Bangladesh. Economica (London), 87(348), 985–1015. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12337

Enderwick, P. (2005). What’s Bad About Crony Capitalism? Asian Business & Management, 4(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.abm.9200126

Engel, C., Goerg, S., & Yu, G. (2012). Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Punishment Regimes for Bribery. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Engel, E., Ferreira Rubio, D., Kaufmann, D., Lara Yaffar, A., Londoño Saldarriaga, J., Noveck,

211 

 

B. S., Pieth, M., & Rose-Ackerman, S. (2018). Report of the Expert Advisory Group on Anti-Corruption, Transparency, and Integrity in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/00001419

Engelbert, A. (2014). The Role of Anti-Corruption Agencies in the Investigation and Prosecution of Procurement Related Corruption Cases. In IEE Working Papers (No. 209; IEE Working Papers). Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Development Research and Development Policy (IEE). https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/ieewps/209.html

Engelbert, A., & Kubbe, I. (2018). Introduction. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(3), 293–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9738-7

Engelmann, F. (2020). The Internationalization of the Brazilian Public Prosecutor’s Office: Anti-Corruption and Corporate Investments in the 2000s. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3635037

Engels, J. I. (2018). Corruption and Anticorruption in the Era of Modernity and Beyond. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-12

Engle, E. (2010). I get by with a little help from my friends? Understanding the U.K. Anti-Bribery Statute, by reference to the OECD Convention and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.(Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development). International Lawyer, 44(4), 1173.

Englebert, P. (2000). Solving the Mystery of the AFRICA Dummy. World Development, 28(10), 1821–1835. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00052-8

Engler, S. (2016). Corruption and Electoral Support for New Political Parties in Central and Eastern Europe. West European Politics; West Eur.Polit., 39(2), 278–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2015.1084127

Engler, Sarah. (2020). “Fighting corruption” or “fighting the corrupt elite”? Politicizing corruption within and beyond the populist divide. Democratization, 27(4), 643–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1713106

English, A. (2017). Corruption in the Canadian military? Destroying trust in the chain of command. Canadian Foreign Policy, 23(1), 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2016.1250654

Engoron, I. (2018). A NOVEL APPROACH TO DEFINING “WHISTLEBLOWER” IN DODD-FRANK. Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 23(1), 257–299.

Engstrom, D. F. (2018). Bounty regimes. Research Handbook on Corporate Crime and

212 

 

Financial Misdealing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781783474462/9781783474462.00023.xml

Engvall, J. (2014). Why are public offices sold in Kyrgyzstan? POST-SOVIET AFFAIRS, 30(1), 67–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2013.818785

Engvall, Johan. (2012). Against the Grain: How Georgia Fought Corruption and What It Means. Washington, DC& Stockholm: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program. http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:609285/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Eniayejuni, A., & Evcan, N. S. (2015). Nigeria: Corruption arising from bad leadership. European Scientific Journal, 11(13), 62.

Enikolopov, R., Petrova, M., & Sonin, K. (2018). Social Media and Corruption. American Economic Journal. Applied Economics, 10(1), 150–174. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20160089

Enikolopov, R., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2007). Decentralization and political institutions. Journal of Public Economics, 91(11), 2261–2290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.02.006

Enrici, A., & Hubacek, K. (2019). A Crisis of Confidence: Stakeholder Experiences of REDD+ in Indonesia. Human Ecology, 47(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-0045-z

Ensor, T. (2004). Informal payments for health care in transition economies. Social Science & Medicine, 58(2), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00007-8

Enste, D., & Heldman, C. (2017). Causes and consequences of corruption: An overview of empirical results (No. 2/2017; IW-Reports). Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/iwkrep/22017.html

Epperly, B., & Lee, T. (2015). Corruption and NGO Sustainability: A Panel Study of Post-communist States. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 26(1), 171–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9404-3

Epremian, L., & Brun, C. (2018). Bringers of light: Performing resource revenue transparency in Liberia. Geoforum, 97, 198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.09.004

Epstein, G., & Gang, I. (2019). Inequality, good governance, and endemic corruption. International Tax and Public Finance, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-019-09542-z

Erakovich, R., & Kolthoff, E. (2016). Analysis of Ethical Leadership and Integrity Development in Local Government: The United States, The Netherlands, Montenegro, and Serbia. International Journal of Public Administration, 39(11), 872–882. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1053612

Erard, B., & Feinstein, J. S. (1994). Honesty and Evasion in the Tax Compliance Game. The

213 

 

RAND Journal of Economics, 25(1), 1–19.

Eren, T., & Jimenez, A. (2015). Institutional quality similarity, corruption distance and inward FDI in Turkey*. Journal for East European Management Studies, 20(1), 88–101.

Erie, M. (2019). Anticorruption as Transnational Law: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, PRC Law, and Party Rules in China. American Journal of Comparative Law, 67(2), 233. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avz018

Eriksen, B., & Soreide, T. (2016). Zero-Tolerance to Corruption? Norway’s Role in Petroleum-Related Corruption Internationally (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2887908). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2887908

Erinsyah, R. A., Danil, E., & Yoserwan, Y. (2019). Reform of Criminal Law through Restorative Justice in Returning State Losses from Corporation as the Perpetrator of Corruption. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(6), 497–508. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i6.1252

Erlingsson, G. Ó. (2016). Measuring Corruption: Whose Perceptions Should We Rely On? Stjornmal Og Stjornsysla / The Icelandic Review of Politics & Administration, 12(2), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2016.12.2.2

Erlingsson, G. Ó., & Wittberg, E. (2018). They Talk the Talk – But Do They Walk the Walk? Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration, 22(4), 3-20–20.

Erlingsson, Gissur, Linde, J., & Öhrvall, R. (2016). Distrust in Utopia? Public Perceptions of Corruption and Political Support in Iceland before and after the Financial Crisis of 2008. Government and Opposition, 51(4), 553–579. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2014.46

Erlingsson, Gissuro, Bergh, A., & Sjölin, M. (2008). Public Corruption in Swedish Municipalities – Trouble Looming on the Horizon? Local Government Studies, 34(5), 595–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930802413780

Ernst, J. (2011). The Dodd-Frank whistleblower provision: Throwing fuel on the fire for Foreign Corrupt Practices Act compliance. Arizona State Law Journal, 43(4), 1313–1343.

Ertimi, B. E., & Saeh, M. A. (2013). The Impact of Corruption on Some Aspects of the Economy. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v5n8p1

Erum, N., & Hussain, S. (2019). Corruption, natural resources and economic growth: Evidence from OIC countries. Resources Policy, 63, 101429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101429

Erwin, P. (2011). Corporate Codes of Conduct: The Effects of Code Content and Quality on Ethical Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(4), 535–548.

214 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0667-y

Eryanto, G., & Eryanto, D. (2019). Eradicating Corruption: Measuring and Monitoring SDG Progress. International Journal of Government Auditing, 46(2), 31–32.

Esarey, J., & Chirillo, G. (2013). “Fairer Sex” or Purity Myth? Corruption, Gender, and Institutional Context. Politics & Gender, 9(4), 361–389. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X13000378

Escaleras, M., Anbarci, N., & Register, C. (2007). Public Sector Corruption and Major Earthquakes: A Potentially Deadly Interaction. Public Choice, 132(1), 209–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-007-9148-y

Escaleras, M., Calcagno, P. T., & Shughart, W. F. (2012). Corruption and voter participation: Evidence from the US states. Public Finance Review, 1091142112446846.

Escaleras, M., Lin, S., & Register, C. (2010). Freedom of information acts and public sector corruption. Public Choice, 145(3), 435–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9574-0

Escaleras, M., & Register, C. (2016). Public Sector Corruption and Natural Hazards. Public Finance Review, 44(6), 746–768. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142115613155

Escobari, D. (2012). Imperfect Detection of Tax Evasion in a Corrupt Tax Administration. Public Organization Review, 12(4), 317–330.

Escobar-Lemmon, M., & Ross, A. D. (2014). Does Decentralization Improve Perceptions of Accountability? Attitudinal Evidence from Colombia. American Journal of Political Science, 58(1), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12043

Escresa, L., & Picci, L. (2015). A new cross-national measure of corruption. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Escresa, L., & Picci, L. (2016). Trends in Corruptions Around the World. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 543–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-016-9317-y

Escresa, L., & Picci, L. (2020). The determinants of cross-border corruption. Public Choice, 184(3–4), 351–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-019-00764-7

Escribano, G. (2017). Pathways Toward a Global Standard for Transparency in the Governance of Energy Resources. Global Governance, 23(2), 265–283.

Escriba-Perez, J., & Murgui-Garcia, M. (2017). Do market regulations reduce investment? Evidence from European regions. Regional Studies, 51(9), 1336–1347. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1182147

Eskeland, G. S. (1999). Corruption under Moral Hazard (World Bank Research Working Paper

215 

 

2204). The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-2204

Esoimeme, E. E. (2020). Institutionalising the war against corruption: New approaches to assets tracing and recovery. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-12-2018-0125

Espinosa-Ramrez, R. (2015). Corruption, trade and institutional reforms. International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 8(2), 127.

Estache, A., Goicoechea, A., & Trujillo, L. (2009). Utilities reforms and corruption in developing countries. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.07.002

Estache, A., & Kouassi, E. (2002). Sector Organization, Governance, and the Inefficiency of African Water Utilities (Working Paper No. 2890; World Bank Policy Research). The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2890

Estache, A., & Rossi, M. A. (2008). Regulatory agencies: Impact on firm performance and social welfare (No. WPS4509; World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, pp. 1–28). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/485821468315324364/Regulatory-agencies-impact-on-firm-performance-and-social-welfare

Estache, A., & Trujillo, L. (2009). Corruption and infrastructure services: An overview. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 153–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.09.002

Estache, A., & Wren-Lewis, L. (2006). Anti-Corruption Policy in Theories of Sector Regulation. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 269–298). Edward Elgar-c2011.

Estrada, R., & Arturo, M. (2020). Can COVID-19 Generate a Massive Corruption in Developing Countries and Least Developed Countries? https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3597367

Estrin, S., Korosteleva, J., & Mickiewicz, T. (2013). Which institutions encourage entrepreneurial growth aspirations? Journal of Business Venturing, 28(4), 564–580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.05.001

Etzioni, A. (1988). Capital corruption: The new attack on American democracy. Transaction Books.

Euben, J. P. (1989). Corruption. In T. Ball, J. Farr, & R. L. Hanson (Eds.), Political innovation and conceptual change (pp. 220-246.). Cambridge University Press.

European Commission. (2010). Examining the links between organised crime and corruption. Center for the Study of Democracy.

216 

 

Evans, T., Zu Ermgassen, P., Amano, T., & Peh, K. S. ‐H. (2018). Does governance play a role in the distribution of invasive alien species? Ecology and Evolution, 8(4), 1984–1994. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3744

Evenett, S. J., & Hoekman, B. (2004). Government Procurement: Market Access, Transparency, and Multilateral Trade Rules (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3195). The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-3195

Everett, J., Neu, D., & Rahaman, A. (2006). The Global Fight against Corruption: A Foucaultian, Virtues-Ethics Framing. Journal of Business Ethics, 65(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-8715-8

Everett, J., Neu, D., & Rahaman, A. S. (2007). Accounting and the global fight against corruption. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32(6), 513–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2006.07.002

Everhart, S. S., Vazquez, J. M.-, & Mcnab, R. M. (2009). Corruption, governance, investment and growth in emerging markets. Applied Economics, 41(13), 1579–1594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840701439363

Evrenk, H. (2011). Why a clean politician supports dirty politics: A game-theoretical explanation for the persistence of political corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 80(3), 498–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.05.004

Evrensel, A. (2009). Differences in bank regulations: The role of governance and corruption. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 12(2), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870902872870

Evrensel, A. (2010). Institutional and economic determinants of corruption: A cross-section analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 17(6), 551–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850802297814

Evrensel, A. Y. (2010). Corruption, growth, and growth volatility. International Review of Economics and Finance, 19(3), 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2009.08.002

Ewers, R., & Smith, R. (2007). Choice of Index Determines the Relationship between Corruption and Environmental Sustainability. Ecology and Society, 12(1), r2. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-01950-1201r02

Ewins, P., Harvey, P., Savage, K., & Jacobs, A. (2006). Mapping the risks of corruption in humanitarian action. Overseas Development Institute. https://www.odi.org/publications/607-mapping-risks-corruption-humanitarian-action

Ewoh, A. I. E., Matei, A., & Matei, L. (2013). Corruption, public integrity, and globalization in South-Eastern European states. A comparative analysis. Theoretical and Applied

217 

 

Economics, 1(578)(1(578)), 7–34.

Ezebilo, E. E., Odhuno, F., & Kavan, P. (2019). The Perceived Impact of Public Sector Corruption on Economic Performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in a Developing Country. Economies, 7(3), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies7030089

Ezeibe, C. C., Ilo, C., Ezeibe, E. N., Oguonu, C. N., Nwankwo, N. A., Ajaero, C. K., & Osadebe, N. (n.d.). Political distrust and the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Global Public Health, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1828987

Faber, G., & Gerritse, M. (2011). Foreign determinants of local institutions: Spatial dependence and openness. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.09.005

Fabre, G. (2017). Xi Jinping’s Challenge: What Is Behind China’s Anti-Corruption Campaign? Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 5(2), 7–28. https://doi.org/10.22381/JSME5220171

Fabrizi, S., & Lippert, S. (2017). Corruption and the public display of wealth. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 19(4), 827–840. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12247

Faccio, M. (2006). Politically connected firms. American Economic Review, 96(1), 369–386.

Faccio, M. (2010). Differences between Politically Connected and Nonconnected Firms: A Cross-Country Analysis. Financial Management, 39(3), 905–927.

Faccio, M., Masulis, R. W., & Mcconnell, J. J. (2006). Political Connections and Corporate Bailouts. Journal of Finance, 61(6), 2597–2635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.01000.x

Faccio, M., & Parsley, D. C. (2009). Sudden Deaths: Taking Stock of Geographic Ties. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44(3), 683–718. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109009990068

Fackler, T., & Lin, T.-M. (1995). Political Corruption and Presidential Elections, 1929-1992. The Journal of Politics, 57(4), 971–993. https://doi.org/10.2307/2960398

Factor, R., & Kang, M. (2015). Corruption and population health outcomes: An analysis of data from 133 countries using structural equation modeling. International Journal of Public Health, 60(6), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0687-6

Fadahunsi, A., & Rosa, P. (2002). Entrepreneurship and Illegality. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(5), 397–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00073-8

Fadairo, O., & Ladele, A. (2014). Attitudes and Perception of Corrupt Practices among Public Officials in the Agricultural Sector in Southwestern Nigeria. Developing Country Studies,

218 

 

4(8), 1–8.

Fafchamps, M., & Labonne, J. (2017). Do Politicians’ Relatives Get Better Jobs? Evidence from Municipal Elections. The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 33(2), 268–300. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewx001

Fagbadebo, O. (2019). Interrogating the Constitutional Requisites for Legislative Oversight in the Promotion of Accountability and Good Governance in South Africa and Nigeria. Insight on Africa, 11(1), 38–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087818814912

Faguet, J.-P. (2014). Decentralization and Governance. World Development, 53, 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.01.002

Fain, E., & Sharafutdinova, D. (2017). Multiple Modernities: Features of Bureaucratic Hierarchy and Corruption in Clannish Societies. Social Sciences, 48(2), 101.

Fakir, A. M. S., Ahmad, A. U., Hosain, K. M. M., Hossain, M. R., & Gani, R. S. (2017). The comparative effect of corruption and Piketty’s second fundamental law of capitalism on inequality. Economic Analysis and Policy, 55, 90–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2017.04.006

Falaschetti, D., & Miller, G. (2001). Constraining Leviathan: Moral Hazard and Credible Commitment in Constitutional Design. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 13(4), 389–411.

Falisse, J.-B., & Leszczynska, N. (2015). Professional Identity, Bribery and Public Service Delivery: Evidence from a Lab-in-the-Field Experiment in Burundi (ECARES 2015-07; Working Papers ECARES). ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles. https://ideas.repec.org/p/eca/wpaper/2013-196725.html

Falkingham, J. (2004). Poverty, out-of-pocket payments and access to health care: Evidence from Tajikistan. Social Science & Medicine, 58(2), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00008-X

Falkingham, J., Akkazieva, B., & Baschieri, A. (2010). Trends in out-of-pocket payments for health care in Kyrgyzstan, 2001–2007. Health Policy and Planning, 25(5), 427–436. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czq011

Faller, J. K. (2015). The system matters: Corruption and vote choice in Uganda. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 53(4), 428–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2015.1094891

Fallon, F., & Cooper, B. J. (2015). Corporate Culture and Greed—The Case of the Australian Wheat Board. Australian Accounting Review, 25(1), 71.

Fan, C., Lin, C., & Treisman, D. (2009). Political decentralization and corruption: Evidence from around the world. 93(1–2), 14–34.

219 

 

Fan, C. Simon. (2006). Kleptocracy and corruption. Journal of Comparative Economics, 34(1), 57–74.

Fan, Chengze Simon, & Grossman, H. I. (2001). Incentives and corruption in chinese economic reform. The Journal of Policy Reform, 4(3), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/13841280108523419

Fan, J. P. H., Guan, F., Li, Z., & Yang, Y. G. (2014). Relationship Networks and Earnings Informativeness: Evidence from Corruption Cases. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 41(7–8), 831–866. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12078

Fan, J. P. H., Rui, O. M., & Zhao, M. (2008). Public governance and corporate finance: Evidence from corruption cases. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36(3), 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2008.05.001

Fan, J. P. H., Wong, T. J., & Zhang, T. (2014). Politically Connected CEOs, Corporate Governance, and the Post-IPO Performance of China’s Partially Privatized Firms. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 26(3), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/jacf.12084

Fan, J. P., Morck, R., Yeung, B. Y., & Xu, L. C. (2007). Does’ Good Government’Draw Foreign Capital? Explaining China’s Exceptional Foreign Direct Investment Inflow (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4206). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=980824

Fan, J. P., Titman, S., & Twite, G. (2012). An international comparison of capital structure and debt maturity choices. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 47(01), 23–56.

Fan, L., Ying, Z., Yuan, Y., Zhang, X., & Xu, B. (2019). How Do Intermediaries Affect the Effectiveness of the Four-Eyes-Principle? An Experimental Investigation. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2019-0059

Fandl, K. (2019). An Evaluation of the Impact of Anti-corruption Provisions within Multilateral Institution Loan Agreements (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3442300). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3442300

Fanea-Ivanovici, M., Muşetescu, R.-C., Pană, M.-C., & Cristina Voicu. (2019). Fighting Corruption and Enhancing Tax Compliance through Digitization: Achieving Sustainable Development in Romania. Sustainability, 11(5), 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051480

Fang, H., Gu, Q., & Zhou, L.-A. (2019). The gradients of power: Evidence from the Chinese housing market. Journal of Public Economics, 176, 32–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.05.004

Fang, Q. (2017a). Xi Jinping’s Anticorruption Campaign from a Historical Perspective. Modern

220 

 

China Studies; Norfolk, 24(2), 112–138.

Fang, Q. (2017b). Xi Jinping’s Anticorruption Campaign from Historical Perspective. Modern China Studies, 24(2), 112–138.

Fang, Y., Perc, M., & Xu, H. (2020). The Singaporean model in public goods dilemmas with benevolent leaders and bribery. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 110345-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110345

Fang, Z., & Jin, X. (2019). Chinese Alcohol Culture and Corporate Rent-seeking Behavior. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 9(5), 27–57.

Fanjul, J. A. (2008). Corporate corruption in Latin America: Acceptance, bribery, compliance, denial, economics, and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Penn State International Law Review, 26(3), 735–763.

Fantaye, D. (2004). Fighting corruption and embezzlement in Third World countries. Journal of Criminal Law, 68(2), 170–176.

Fărcășanu, D. (2010). Population perception on corruption, informal payments and introduction of co-payments in the public health system in Romania. Management in Health, 14(1), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.5233/mih.v14i1.97

Färdigh, M. A. (2013a). Free, Accessible Media and Quality of Government. Qog Working Paper Series, Gothenburg: The Quality Of Government Institute, 2013:16 S. 32.

Färdigh, M. A. (2013b). What’s the Use of A Free Media? The Role of Media in Curbing Corruption and Promoting Quality of Government. http://www.academia.edu/7476971/What_s_the_Use_of_A_Free_Media_The_Role_of_Media_in_Curbing_Corruption_and_Promoting_Quality_of_Government

Färdigh, M. A., Anderson, E.-L., & Oscarsson, H. (2011). Reexamining the Relationship Between Press Freedom and Corruption [Working Paper]. http://www.gu.se/english/research/publication/?publicationId=148624

Faria, M. P., Carvalho, F., & Reis, N. R. (2018). The Impact of Corruption Distance on Ownership Strategies of Spanish and Portuguese MNEs. Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia, 17(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v17i1.2603

Farías, M. E., & Almeida, M. A. de. (2014). Does Saying ‘Yes’ to Capital Inflows Necessarily Mean Good Business? The Effect of Antimoney Laundering Regulations in the Latin American and the Caribbean Economies. Economics & Politics, 26(1), 96–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12028

Farida, Moe, & Ahmadi-Esfahani, F. Z. (2007). Modelling Corruption in a Cobb-Douglas Production Function Framework (2007 Conference (51st), February 13-16, 2007,

221 

 

Queenstown, New Zealand No. 10400). Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/agsaare07/10400.htm

Farida, Moe, & Ahmadi-Esfahani, F. Z. (2008). Corruption and economic growth in Lebanon (2008 Conference (52nd), February 5-8, 2008, Canberra, Australia No. 6043). Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/agsaare08/6043.htm

Farida, Mohamad, & Ahmadi-Esfahani, F. Z. (2006). Corruption and economic development: A critical review of literature (2006 Conference (50th), February 8-10, 2006, Sydney, Australia No. 139727). Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/agsaare06/139727.htm

Fariello, F. A., & Daly, C. C. (2013). Coordinating the fight against corruption among MDBS: The past, present, and future of sanctions. The George Washington International Law Review, 45(2), 253–269.

Farla, K. (2014). Determinants of firms’ investment behaviour: A multilevel approach. Applied Economics, 46(34), 4231–4241. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.955167

Farooq, A., Shahbaz, M., Arouri, M., & Teulon, F. (2013). Does corruption impede economic growth in Pakistan? Economic Modelling, 35, 622–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.019

Farooq, O. (2018). Does external auditing combat corruption? Evidence from private firms. Managerial Auditing Journal, 33(3), 267–287. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-08-2017-1634

Faruq, Ha. (2017). Corruption, product complexity and African exporters. Applied Economics, 49(6), 534–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1203058

Faruq, Hasan. (2013). Corruption, bureaucracy and firm productivity in Africa. Review of Development Economics, 17(1), 117–129.

Farzanegan, M. (2019). Cognitive ability and corruption: Rule of law (still) matters. Empirical Economics, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-019-01687-4

Farzanegan, M. R., & Witthuhn, S. (2017). Corruption and political stability: Does the youth bulge matter? European Journal of Political Economy, 49, 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.12.007

Fasano, D. T. (2012). United States v. Aguilar: District Court attempts clarification of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act by further defining “foreign official.” Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 20(2), 489–504.

Fath, S., & Kay, A. (2018). “If hierarchical, then corrupt”: Exploring people’s tendency to

222 

 

associate hierarchy with corruption in organizations. Organizational Behavior And Human Decision Processes, 149, 145–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.10.004

Fatić, A. (2004). Anti‐corruption and anti‐organized crime policy in Serbia: Regional implications. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 4(2), 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468385042000247592

Fatima, S. T., & Khan, M. Y. (n.d.). Rent-Seeking and Firm Performance: Do Institutional and Firm-Specific Characteristics Matter? International Journal of the Economics of Business, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13571516.2020.1812998

Faughman, Brian M. & Mitchell A. Seligson. (2015). Corruption in Latin America: A View from the AmericasBarometer. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 212-224.). Routledge.

Faughnan, B. M., Hiskey, J. T., & Revey, S. D. (2014). Subnational electoral contexts and corruption in Mexico/Contextos electorales subnacionales y corrupcion en Mexico. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 6(1), 45.

Faulend, M., & Sosic, V. (1999). Is Unofficial Economy a Source of Corruption? IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Faulkner, N., Martin, A., & Peyton, K. (2015). Priming political trust: Evidence from an experiment. Australian Journal of Political Science, 50(1), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.979759

Fay, C. (1995). Political sleaze in France: Forms and issues.(Sleaze: Politics, Private Interests and Public Reaction). Parliamentary Affairs, 48(4), 663.

Fayissa, B., & Nsiah, C. (2013). The impact of governance on economic growth in Africa. Journal of Developing Areas, 47(1), 91–108.

Fazekas, Mihály. (2017). Red tape, bribery and government favouritism: Evidence from Europe. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(4), 403–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9694-2

Fazekas, Mihaly, Chvalkovska, J., Skuhrovec, J., Toth, I. J., & King, Laurence Peter. (2013). Are EU funds a corruption risk? The impact of EU funds on grand corruption in Central and Eastern Europe (CRCB Working Paper 2013:03). http://www.againstcorruption.eu/reports/are-eu-funds-a-corruption-risk-the-impact-of-eu-funds-on-grand-corruption-in-central-and-eastern-europe/

Fazekas, Mihály, & Cingolani, L. (2017). Breaking the Cycle? How (Not) to Use Political Finance Regulations to Counter Public Procurement Corruption. The Slavonic and East

223 

 

European Review, 95(1), 76–116. https://doi.org/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.95.1.0076

Fazekas, Mihaly, Cingolani, L., & Toth, B. (2016). Conceptualizing Objective Corruption Proxies in Government Contracting: Actors, Transactions, and Vehicles in Rent Extraction. Working Paper.

Fazekas, Mihaly, Cingolani, L., & Tóth, B. (2016). A Comprehensive Review of Objective Corruption Proxies in Public Procurement: Risky Actors, Transactions, and Vehicles of Rent Extraction (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2891017). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2891017

Fazekas, Mihály, & Kocsis, G. (2017). Uncovering High-Level Corruption: Cross-National Objective Corruption Risk Indicators Using Public Procurement Data. British Journal of Political Science, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123417000461

Fazekas, Mihály, & Tóth, B. (2018). The extent and cost of corruption in transport infrastructure. New evidence from Europe. Transportation Research Part A, 113, 35–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.03.021

Fazekas, Mihaly, & Tóth, I. J. (2014). From Corruption to State Capture: A New Analytical Framework with Empirical Applications from Hungary (November 28, 2014). Corruption Research Center Budapest Working Papers No. CRCB-WP/2014:01, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2531701

Fazekas, Mihaly, Toth, I. J., & King, L. P. (2013). Anatomy of grand corruption: A composite corruption risk index based on objective data (CRCB Working Paper 2013:02). http://www.againstcorruption.eu/publications/anatomy-of-grand-corruption-a-composite-corruption-risk-index-based-on-objective-data/

Fazekas, Mihály, Tóth, I., & King, L. (2016). An Objective Corruption Risk Index Using Public Procurement Data. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 369–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-016-9308-z

Fedran, J., Dobovsek, B., & Azman, B. (2015). Assessing the Preventive Anti- Corruption Efforts in Slovenia. Varstvoslovje, 17(1), 82–82.

Fedran, J., Dobovšek, B., Ažman, B., & Bren, M. (2018). Integrity Plan: A Useful Measure for Curbing Corruption at National and Local Level. Lex Localis, 16(1), 167–191. https://doi.org/10.4335/16.1.167-191(2018)

Feichtinger, G., Dawid, H., Novak, A., & Wirl, F. (1997). Indeterminancy of open-loop Nash equilibria: The ruling class versus the tabloid press. In H. G. Natke & Y. Ben-Haim (Eds.), Uncertainty: Models and Measures. Akademie Verlag. http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/5131/

224 

 

Feichtinger, Gustav. (2000). On the Economics of Corruption and Illicit Drugs. Applications of Mathematics and Statistics in Economy, 6, 21–26.

Feichtinger, Gustav, & Wirl, F. (1994). On the stability and potential cyclicity of corruption in governments subject to popularity constraints. Mathematical Social Sciences, 28(2), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(94)00750-0

Feige, E. L. (2016). Reflections on the Meaning and Measurement of Unobserved Economies: What do we really know about the “Shadow Economy”? Journal of Tax Administration, 2(1). http://JoTA.website/article/view/69

Fein, E. (2016). Cognition, Cultural Practices, and the Working of Political Institutions: An Adult Developmental Perspective on Corruption in Russian History. Behavioral Development Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1037/bdb0000034

Fein, E., & Weibler, J. (2014a). Cognitive basis for corruption and attitudes towards corruption in organizations viewed from a structuralist adult developmental meta-perspective. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19(3), 78–94.

Fein, E., & Weibler, J. (2014b). Review and shortcomings of literature on corruption in organizations in offering a multi-faceted and integrative understanding of the phenomenon. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19(3), 67–77.

Feinberg, G. (2009). The epidemic of petit corruption in contemporary Cambodia: Causes, consequences and solutions. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 11(4), 277–296. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1057/cpcs.2009.9

Feitosa, F. (2020). Theoretically, yes, but also empirically? How the corruption-turnout link is marginally explained by civic duty to vote. Electoral Studies, 66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102162

Feka, E., & Abdullai, J. (2019). Ethics in the Public Administration of Mitrovica Municipality. Revista de Stiinte Politice, 63, 12–21.

Feldman, D. L., & Alibašić, H. (2019). The Remarkable 2018 “Velvet Revolution”: Armenia’s Experiment Against Government Corruption. Public Integrity, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2019.1581042

Feldman, I. (2018). Care and Suspicion: Corruption as Definition in Humanitarian Relations. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S160–S170. https://doi.org/10.1086/695695

Feliciano, F. P. (2012). Random Reflections on the Bar, Corruption and the Practice of Law. Philippine Law Journal, 86, 225–242.

Fell, D. (2005). Political and media liberalization and political corruption in Taiwan. China Quarterly, 184, 875–893.

225 

 

Felson, M. (2011). Corruption in the Broad Sweep of History. In A. Graycar, R. G. Smith, A. Graycar, & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR05220150821

Fendo, J. (2000). Attacking the Tools of Corruption: The Foreign Money Laundering Deterrence and Anticorruption Act of 1999. Fordham International Law Journal, 23, 1540–1576.

Fenner, G., & Wehrle, F. (2001). The Internet Culture in the Fight Against Corruption. In K. ADB-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region : Seoul (Ed.), Progress in the fight against corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Papers presented at the joint ABD-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region, Seoul, Korea, 11-13 December 2000. Asian Development Bank.

Ferguson, T., Chen, J., & Jorgensen, P. (2017). Fifty Shades of Green: High Finance, Political Money, and the US Congress. Roosevelt Institute. http://rooseveltwec.wpengine.com/publications/fifty-shades-of-green-high-finance-political-money-and-the-us-congress/

Fergusson, L., Molina, C., & Riaño, J. F. (2018). I Sell My Vote, and So What? Incidence, Social Bias, and Correlates of Clientelism in Colombia. Economía, 19(1), 181–218. https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.2018.0011

Fernández Muñoz, S., & Collado Cueto, L. (2017). What has happened in Spain? The real estate bubble, corruption and housing development: A view from the local level. Geoforum, 85, 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.08.002

Fernández-Vázquez, P., Barberá, P., & Rivero, G. (2016). Rooting Out Corruption or Rooting for Corruption? The Heterogeneous Electoral Consequences of Scandals. Political Science Research and Methods, 4(02), 379–397. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2015.8

Ferrali, R. (2020). Partners in crime? Corruption as a criminal network. Games and Economic Behavior, 124, 319–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2020.08.013

Ferrara, A., & Nisticò, R. (2019). Does Institutional Quality Matter for Multidimensional Well-Being Inequalities? Insights from Italy. Social Indicators Research, 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02123-x

Ferrari, L., & Salustri, F. (2020). The relationship between corruption and chronic diseases: Evidence from Europeans aged 50 years and older. International Journal of Public Health, 65(3), 345–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01347-w

Ferraro, P. (2005). Corruption and conservation: The need for empirical analyses. A response to Smith &amp; Walpole. Oryx, 39(3), 257–259. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060530500075X

226 

 

Ferraz, C., & Finan, F. (2008a). Exposing Corrupt Politicians: The Effects of Brazil’s Publicly Released Audits on Electoral Outcomes. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(2), 703–745.

Ferraz, C., & Finan, F. (2008b). Motivating Politicians: The Impacts of Monetary Incentives on Quality and Performance. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Ferraz, C., & Finan, F. (2011). Electoral accountability and corruption: Evidence from the audits of local governments. American Economic Review, 101(4), 1274–1311.

Ferraz, C., & Finan, F. (2018). Fighting Political Corruption: Evidence from Brazil. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 253–284). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_9

Ferraz, C., Finan, F., & Moreira, D. (2012). Corrupting Learning: Evidence from Missing Federal Education Funds in Brazil. NBER Working Paper Series, 18150. https://doi.org/10.3386/w18150

Ferreira, E. V. (2016). The Genesis and Impact of Anti-corruption Policies in Portugal: A Preliminary Assessment of Corruption Risk Management Plans. Varstvoslovje, 18(2), 160.

Ferreira, I. W., & Bayat, M. S. (2005). Curbing corruption in the Republic of South Africa: Learn how new measures put in place since the 1996 Constitution, such as the drafting of codes of conduct, whistle-blowing, and training initiatives, are making public officials more aware of the need for ethical conduct in their public dealings. The Public Manager, 34(2), 15.

Ferreira, M., Carreira, H., Li, D., & Serra, F. (2016). The Moderating Effect of Home Country Corruption on the Host Country’s Ability to Attract FDI. Brazilian Business Review, 13(4), 94–117. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2016.13.4.5

Ferreira, R. (2018). Power and Corruption in the Early Modern Portuguese World. Ethnohistory, 65(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-4260811

Ferreira, S. (2004). Deforestation, Property Rights, and International Trade. Land Economics, 80(2), 174–193. https://doi.org/10.2307/3654737

Ferrer, S. (2019). Responsibility attribution for corruption scandals. Local Government Studies, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2019.1583560

Ferreras, L. (2013). Corruption and Foreign Education. Journal of Politics & Society, 24, 160–189.

Ferretti, M. P. (2018). A Taxonomy of Institutional Corruption. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 242–263. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000086

227 

 

Ferreyra, G. (2017). Judicial Corruption in the Mexican Federal Judiciary. Human Organization, 76(2), 141–149.

Ferreyra-Orozco, G. (2010). Understanding Corruption in a State Supreme Court in Central Mexico: An Ethnographic Approach. Human Organization, 69(3), 242–251.

Ferri, G. (2004). More analysts, better ratings: Do rating agencies invest enough in less developed countries? Journal of Applied Economics, 7(1), 77.

Ferry, L. L., Hafner-Burton, E. M., & Schneider, C. J. (2020). Catch me if you care: International development organizations and national corruption. Review of International Organizations. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-019-09371-z

Ferry, L., Zakaria, Z., Zakaria, Z., & Slack, R. (2017). Framing public governance in Malaysia: Rhetorical appeals through accrual accounting. Accounting Forum. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2017.07.002

Ferwerda, J. (2009). The Economics of Crime and Money Laundering: Does Anti-Money Laundering Policy Reduce Crime? Review of Law & Economics, 5(2), 903–929. https://doi.org/10.2202/1555-5879.1421

Ferwerda, J., Deleanu, I., & Unger, B. (2016). Corruption in Public Procurement: Finding the Right Indicators. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-016-9312-3

Ferwerda, J., Kattenberg, M., Chang, H.-H., Unger, B., Groot, L., & Bikker, J. A. (2013). Gravity models of trade-based money laundering. Applied Economics, 45(22), 3170–3182. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2012.699190

Ficici, A., Caron, M. I., & Richter, C. L. (2012). The influence of corruption on corporate governance standards: Shared characteristics of rapidly developing economies. Emerging Markets Journal : Emaj, 2(1), 21–37.

Fieger, P., & Rice, B. S. (2018). Whistle-blowing in the Australian Public Service. Personnel Review, 47(3), 613–629. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-07-2017-0203

Field Jr., A., Sosa, L. A., & Wu, X. (2006). Effects of Endogenous Bribes on Foreign Direct Investment [Working Paper].

Fields, S. (2017). Statutory Tools For Enhancing Multinational Corporation Compliance With Anti-Bribery Laws: Recommended Changes To Australia’s Foreign Bribery Offense. The George Washington International Law Review, 49(2), 441–469.

Figueiredo, A. T. D. (2017). Corruption and human rights: Beyond the link.

Figueiredo, F. O. V. de. (2016). Building up a convenient accountability: How the

228 

 

‘anti-corruption’ law in Brazil was put into force. Brasiliana: Journal for Brazilian Studies, 4(2), 550–578.

Figueroa, J. R. (2012). Justice system institutions and corruption control: Evidence from Latin America. The Justice System Journal, 33(2), 195–213.

Filipiak, B., & Dylewski, M. (2017). Similarities and differences in the phenomenon of integrity in OECD countries. Aestimatio, 15, 100–123. https://doi.org/10.5605/IEB.15.6

Finan, F., Ferraz, C., & Avis, E. (2018). Do Government Audits Reduce Corruption? Estimating the Impacts of Exposing Corrupt Politicians. Journal of Political Economy, 126(5), 1912–1964. https://doi.org/10.1086/699209

Finan, F., & Schechter, L. (2012). Vote-Buying and Reciprocity. Econometrica, 80(2), 863–881. https://doi.org/10.3386/w17411

Findley, M. G., Jensen, N. M., Malesky, E. J., Pepinsky, T. B., Hidalgo, F. D., Canello, J., & Lima-de-Oliveira, R. (2016). Can Politicians Police Themselves? Natural Experimental Evidence From Brazil’s Audit Courts. Comparative Political Studies, 49(13), 1739–1773. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414015626436

Findley, M. G., Nielson, D. L., & Sharman, J. (2015). Causes of Noncompliance with International Law: A Field Experiment on Anonymous Incorporation. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12141

Findley, M., Nielson, D., & Sharman, J. (2015). Global shell games: Experiments in transnational relations, crime, and terrorism. Choice Reviews Online, 53(04), 53-1959-53–1959. https://doi.org/10.5860/CHOICE.187204

Findley, M., Nielson, D., & Sharman, J. C. (2013). Using Field Experiments in International Relations: A Randomized Study of Anonymous Incorporation1. International Organization, 67(4), 657–693. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000271

Finn, D. (1995). Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Management Employee-Organisation Whistleblowing Model. Research on Accounting Ethics, 1, 291–313.

Finnie, B. W., Gibson, L. K., & McNabb, D. E. (2006). Economic development: Corruption, complexity, wealth, and a triad of strains. Humanomics, 22(4), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/08288660610710728

Fiodendji, K., & Evlo, K. (2015). Do Institutions Quality Affect FDI Inflows in Sub-Saharan African Countries? Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 5(1), 111–135.

Fiorino, N., Galli, E., & Goel, R. K. (2019). Dimensions of civic activism and their effectiveness in exposing corruption: Evidence from Italy. Applied Economics, 51(7), 663–675.

229 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1506086

Fiorino, N., Galli, E., & Padovano, F. (2015). How long does it take for government decentralization to affect corruption? Economics of Governance, 16(3), 273–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-015-0156-y

Fiorino, N., Galli, E., & Petrarca, I. (2012). Corruption and Growth: Evidence from the Italian regions. European Journal of Government and Economics, 1(2), 126–144.

Fiorino, Nadia, Emma Galli & Fabio Padovano. (2013). Do Fiscal Decentralization and Government Fragmentation Affect Corruption in Different Ways? Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis. In S. Lago Peñas & J. Martinez-Vazquez (Eds.), The challenge of local government sizes: Theoretical perspectives, international experience and policy reform (pp. 121–147). Edward Elgar.

Firestone, T., & Contini, K. (2018). The Global Magnitsky Act. Criminal Law Forum, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10609-018-9353-z

Firger, D. (2010). Transparency And The Natural Resource Curse: Examining The New Extraterritorial Information Forcing Rules In The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act Of 2010. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41(4), 1043–1095.

Fišar, M., Krčál, O., Staněk, R., & Špalek, J. (n.d.). Committed to Reciprocate on a Bribe or Blow the Whistle: The Effects of Periodical Staff-Rotation in Public Administration. Public Performance & Management Review, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2020.1812410

Fišar, M., Kubák, M., Špalek, J., & Tremewan, J. (2016). Gender differences in beliefs and actions in a framed corruption experiment. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 63(Journal Article), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2016.05.004

Fischer, R., Ferreira, M., Milfont, T., & Pilati, R. (2014). Culture of Corruption? The Effects of Priming Corruption Images in a High Corruption Context. Journal of Cross - Cultural Psychology, 45(10), 1594.

Fisher, A. S., Yatter, D. K., Greenburg, D. N., Baker III, W. R., Dozier, B. A., & Greenberg, R. J. (2019). CFTC enters the market for anti-corruption enforcement. Journal of Investment Compliance, 20(3), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOIC-06-2019-0038

Fisher, E. (2010). Transparency and Administrative Law: A Critical Evaluation. Current Legal Problems, 63(1), 272–314. https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/63.1.272

Fisman, D., Fisman, R. J., Galef, J., Khurana, R., & Wang, Y. (2012). Estimating the Value of Connections to Vice-President Cheney. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1515/1935-1682.3272

230 

 

Fisman, R. (2001). Estimating the Value of Political Connections. American Economic Review, 91(4), 1095–1102. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.4.1095

Fisman, R. (2010). Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Princeton, NJ; Princeton University Press.

Fisman, R. (2015). Political Connections and Commerce – A Global Perspective. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 71–91). Edward Elgar PubLimited. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:978178471470320151028

Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2002a). Decentralization and corruption: Evidence across countries. Journal of Public Economics, 83(3), 325–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(00)00158-4

Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2002b). Decentralization and Corruption: Evidence from U.S. Federal Transfer Programs. Public Choice, 113(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020311511787

Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2006). Bargaining for Bribes: The Role of Institutions. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 127–139). Edward Elgar-c2011.

Fisman, R., & Golden, M. (2017a). How to fight corruption. Science, 356(6340), 803–804. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan0815

Fisman, R., & Golden, M. A. (2017b). Corruption: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press.

Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2007). Corruption, Norms, and Legal Enforcement: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets. Journal of Political Economy, 115(6), 1020–1048. https://doi.org/10.1086/527495

Fisman, R., Schulz, F., & Vig, V. (2014). The Private Returns to Public Office. Journal of Political Economy, 122(4), 806–862.

Fisman, R., & Svensson, J. (2007). Are corruption and taxation really harmful to growth? Firm level evidence. Journal of Development Economics, 83(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.09.009

Fisman, R., & Wang, Y. (2015a). Corruption in Chinese Privatizations. Journal of Law Economics & Organization, 31(1), 1.

Fisman, R., & Wang, Y. (2015b). The Mortality Cost of Political Connections. Review of Economic Studies, 82(4), 1346.

231 

 

Fisman, R., & Wei, S.-J. (2004). Tax Rates and Tax Evasion: Evidence from “Missing Imports” in China. Journal of Political Economy, 112(2), 471–496. https://doi.org/10.1086/381476

Fisman, R., & Wei, S.-J. (2009). The Smuggling of Art, and the Art of Smuggling: Uncovering the Illicit Trade in Cultural Property and Antiques. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(3), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.82

Fitriyaningrum, J., & Arifin, R. (2019). The Regulatory Model for Eradication Corruption in Infrastructure Funding. Varia Justicia, 15(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.31603/variajusticia.v15i1.2421

Fitzsimons, V. G. (2007). Economic Models of Corruption. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and development: The anti-corruption campaigns (pp. 46-74.). Palgrave Macmillan.

Fitzsimons, V. G. (2009). A troubled relationship: Corruption and reform of the public sector in development. Journal of Management Development, 28(6), 513–521. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710910959675

Fitzsimons, V. G., & Kana, R. (2004). Corruption and Competition in Transition. Economicka Review, 11.

Fjelde, H. (2009). Buying Peace? Oil Wealth, Corruption and Civil War, 1985—99. Journal of Peace Research, 46(2), 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343308100715

Fjelde, H., & Hegre, H. (2014). Political Corruption and Institutional Stability. Studies in Comparative International Development, 49(3), 267–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-014-9155-1

Fjeldstad, O. (2001). Taxation, coercion and donors: Local government tax enforcement in Tanzania. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 39(2), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X01003627

Fjeldstad, O. (2003). Fighting fiscal corruption: Lessons from the Tanzania Revenue Authority. Public Administration and Development, 23(2), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.278

Fjeldstad, O.-H. (2005). Revenue administration and corruption (U4 Issue Paper No. 2). Chr. Michelsen Institute.

Fjeldstad, O.-H. (2006). Corruption in Tax Administration: Lessons from Institutional Reforms in Uganda. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 484–511). Edward Elgar-c2011.

Fjeldstad, O.-H. (2009). The pursuit of integrity in customs: Experiences from sub-Saharan Africa (CMI Working Paper WP 2009: 8).

Fjeldstad, O.-H., & Isaksen, J. (2008). Anti-corruption Reforms: Challenges, Effects and Limits

232 

 

of World Bank Support (World Bank IEG Working Paper no. 7). http://www.cmi.no/publications/3134-anti-corruption-reforms-challenges

Fjeldstad, O.-H., Kolstad, I., & Nygaard, K. (2006). Bribes, taxes and regulations: Business constraints for micro enterprises in Tanzania (CMI Working Paper WP 2006: 2). Chr. Michelsen Institute.

Fjeldstad, O.-H., & Tungodden, B. (2003a). Fiscal Corruption: A Vice or a Virtue. World Development, 31(8), 1459–1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00103-7

Fjeldstad, O.-H., & Tungodden, B. (2003b). “Fiscal Corruption: A Vice or a Virtue”––A Reply. World Development, 31(8), 1473–1475. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00103-7

Flanagan, T. (2017). Corruption and First Nations in Canada. Canadian Foreign Policy, 23(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2016.1229685

Flatters, F., & Macleod, W. (1995). Administrative corruption and taxation. International Tax and Public Finance, 2(3), 397–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00872774

Flavin, P., & Ledet, R. (2013). Religion and Government Corruption in the American States. Public Integrity, 15(4), 329–344. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922150401

Flavin, P., & Montgomery, F. (2019). Freedom of the press and perceptions about government corruption. International Political Science Review, 41(4), 019251211985846–566. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512119858469

Fleischacker, S. (2018). “Dismembering the Human Character”: Adam Ferguson’s Conception of Corruption. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 54–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000128

Fleischer, D. (1996). Political corruption in Brazil. Crime, Law and Social Change, 25(4), 297–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572512

Fleischman, F. (2016). Understanding India’s Forest Bureaucracy: A Review. Regional Environmental Change, 16, 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0844-8

Fletcher, C., & Herrmann, D. (2012). The internationalisation of corruption. Ashgate. http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/155334015

Flores, E. (2017). Two Countries and One Headless Body: An Analysis of Border Corruption. Harvard International Review, 38(2), 10–12.

Flyvbjerg, B., & Molloy, E. (2006). Delusion, Deception and Corruption in Major Infrastructure Projects: Causes, Consequences and Cures. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 81–107). Edward Elgar-c2011.

233 

 

Fochmann, M., Jahnke, B., & Wagener, A. (2019). Does the reliability of institutions affect public good contributions? Evidence from a laboratory experiment. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 66(3), 434–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12197

Foellmi, R., & Oechslin, M. (2007). Who gains from non-collusive corruption? Journal of Development Economics, 82(1), 95–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.10.002

Fogel, K. (2006). Oligarchic family control, social economic outcomes, and the quality of government. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(5), 603. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400213

Foley, V., & Haynes, C. (2009). The FCPA and its Impact in Latin America. Currents: International Trade Law Journal, 17, 27–80.

Folke, O., Hirano, S., & Snyder, J. M. (2011). Patronage and Elections in U.S. States. American Political Science Review, 105(3), 567–585. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000256

Follert, F., Richau, L., Emrich, E., & Pierdzioch, C. (2020). Collective Decision-making: FIFA from the Perspective of Public Choice. The Economists’ Voice, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/ev-2019-0031

Follett, G. (2015). Facilitating payments: Facilitating poverty? Alternative Law Journal, 40(2), 123–126.

Folliot-Lalliot, Laurence. (2014). Introduction to the World Bank’s Policies in the Fight Against Corruption and Conflicts of Interest in Public Contacts. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 236–252). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507

Folorunso, B. A. (2007). Determinants and effects of corruption on investment, general price level and sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. African Economic and Business Review, 5(2), 10–25.

Foltz, J. D., & Bromley, D. W. (2010). Highway Robbery: The Economics of Petty Corruption in West African Trucking. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228851849_Highway_Robbery_The_Economics_of_Petty_Corruption_in_West_African_Trucking

Foltz, J. D., & Opoku-Agyemang, K. A. (2015). Do higher salaries lower petty corruption? A policy experiment on West Africa’s highways. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08986e5274a27b2000111/89108_IGC_Foltz-Opoku-Agyemang-2016-Working-paper.pdf

Fombad, C. M. (1999). Curbing corruption in Africa: Some lessons from Botswana’s experience.

234 

 

International Social Science Journal, 51(160), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00193

Fontana, A., & Pereira, P. G. (2012). Using money laundering investigations to fight corruption in developing countries: Domestic obstacles and strategies to overcome them. http://www.u4.no/publications/using-money-laundering-investigations-to-fight-corruption-in-developing-countries-domestic-obstacles-and-strategies-to-overcome-them/

Ford, C., & Hess, D. (2009). Can corporate monitorships improve corporate compliance? The Journal of Corporation Law, 34(3), 679.

Ford, C., & Hess, D. (2011). Corporate Monitorships and New Governance Regulation: In Theory, in Practice, and in Context. Law & Policy, 33(4), 509–541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9930.2011.00347.x

Ford, R., & Richardson, W. (1994). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. Journal of Business Ethics, 13(3), 205–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02074820

Foresta, A. (2020). The rise of populist parties in the aftermath of a massive corruption scandal. Public Choice, 184(3–4), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-020-00826-1

Forrest, D., & Maennig, W. (2015). The Threat to Sports Goverance from Betting-Related Corruption: Causes and Solution. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 328–346). Routledge.

Forson, J. A. (2016). A “recursive framework” of corruption and development. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 12(4), 282–298.

Forson, J. A., Buracom, P., Chen, G., & Baah‐Ennumh, T. Y. (2017). Genuine Wealth Per Capita as a Measure of Sustainability and the Negative Impact of Corruption on Sustainable Growth in Sub‐Sahara Africa. South African Journal of Economics, 85(2), 178–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12152

Forson, J., Baah-Ennumh, T., Buracom, P., Chen, G., & Peng, Z. (2016). CAUSES OF CORRUPTION: EVIDENCE FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. South African Journal Of Economic And Management Sciences, 19(4), 562–578. https://doi.org/10.17159/2222-3436/2016/v19n4a7

Fort, T. L., & Noone, J. J. (2000). Gifts, bribes, and exchange: Relationships in non-market economies and lessons for pax e-commercia. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 515.

Forteza, A. (2015). Political Selection with Cynical Voters. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), 171(4), 735–750.

235 

 

Fortin-Rittberger, J. (2014). The role of infrastructural and coercive state capacity in explaining different types of electoral fraud. Democratization, 21(1), 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.724064

Fortunato, P., & Panizza, U. (2015). Democracy, education and the quality of government. Journal of Economic Growth, 20(4), 333–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-015-9120-5

Fosgaard, T. R., Hansen, L. G., & Piovesan, M. (2013). Separating Will from Grace: An experiment on conformity and awareness in cheating. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 93, 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.03.027

Foster, J. E., Horowitz, A. W., & Méndez, F. (2012). An Axiomatic Approach to the Measurement of Corruption: Theory and Applications. World Bank Economic Review, 26(2), 217–235. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs008

Fosu, A., Bates, R., & Hoeffler, A. (2006). Institutions, Governance and Economic Development in Africa: An Overview. Journal of African Economies, 15(1), 1–9.

Fourie, D. (2018). Ethics in municipal supply chain management in South Africa. Local Economy : LE, 33(7), 726–739. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094218809598

Fox, J. (1994). The Difficult Transition from Clientelism to Citizenship: Lessons from Mexico. World Politics, 46(2), 151–184. https://doi.org/10.2307/2950671

Fox, J. (2007). The uncertain relationship between transparency and accountability. Development in Practice, 17(4–5), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520701469955

Fox, W. (2009). Adjudicating bribery and corruption issues in international commercial arbitration. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law, 27(3), 487–502.

Frahm, O. (2018). Corruption in sub-Saharan Africa’s established and simulated democracies: The cases of Ghana, Nigeria and South Sudan. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(2), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9730-2

Francken, N., Minten, B., & Swinnen, J. F. M. (2009). Media, Monitoring, and Capture of Public Funds: Evidence from Madagascar. World Development, 37(1), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.01.005

Frank, B., Lambsdorff, J. G., & Boehm, F. (2010). Gender and Corruption: Lessons from Laboratory Corruption Experiments. European Journal of Development Research, 23(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2010.47

Frank, B., & Schulze, G. G. (2000). Does economics make citizens corrupt? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 43(1), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(00)00111-6

236 

 

Franke, A., Gawrich, A., & Alakbarov, G. (2009). Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan as Post-Soviet Rentier States: Resource Incomes and Autocracy as a Double ‘Curse’in Post-Soviet Regimes. Europe-Asia Studies, 61(1), 109–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668130802532977

Frankel, J. A. (2012). The Natural Resource Curse: A Survey of Diagnoses and Some Prescriptions. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254407482_The_Natural_Resource_Curse_A_Survey_of_Diagnoses_and_Some_Prescriptions

Franklin, Aaron. (2010). Targeted Tariff Preferences to Reduce Corruption in Developing States. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41(4), 1011–1041.

Franklin, Alan. (2015). Foreign Corruption: Differentiating Illegal Acts from Legal Acts (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2759972). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2759972

Franklin, Alan. (2018a). Corruption and Contracts with States or State Owned Enterprises: Effects on Enforcement of the Contract in Arbitration Decisions (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3162467). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3162467

Franklin, Alan. (2018b). Problems that Companies Have Faced Regarding Corruption and Human Rights Issues: Why There is Little Information on How They Were Dealt With (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3165822). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3165822

Franklin, Alan. (2019). Capitalism and Free Enterprise: The Solution For Corruption In Developing Countries: Jobs are Lives (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3372641). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3372641

Franses, P., & Groot, B. (2016). Corruption and inequality of wealth amongst the very rich. Quality & Quantity; International Journal of Methodology, 50(3), 1245–1252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0202-4

Fraser, S. A. (2012). Placing the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on the tracks in the race for amnesty. Texas Law Review, 90(4), 1009–1040.

Fraundorfer, M. (2017). The Open Government Partnership: Mere Smokescreen or New Paradigm? Globalizations, 14(4), 611–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2016.1236463

Frechette, G. (2006). Panel Data Analysis of the Time-Varying Determinants of Corruption [CIRANO Working Paper]. CIRANO. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/circirwor/2006s-28.htm

237 

 

Freckleton, M. (2020). The unexplained wealth order: A boost for Trinidad and Tobago’s fight against money laundering? Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(2), 509–513. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-09-2019-0077

Freckleton, M., Wright, A., & Craigwell, R. (2012). Economic growth, foreign direct investment and corruption in developed and developing countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 39(6), 639–652. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443581211274593

Frederickson, H., & Frederickson, D. G. (1995). Public Perceptions of Ethics in Government. Annals Of The American Academy Of Political And Social Science, 537, 163–172.

Frederiksen, M., Larsen, C. A., & Lolle, H. L. (2016). Education and Trust: Exploring the Association Across Social Relationships and Nations. Acta Sociologica, 59(4), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699316658936

Fredriksson, A. (2014). Bureaucracy intermediaries, corruption and red tape. Journal of Development Economics; J.Dev.Econ., 108(Journal Article), 256–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.02.005

Fredriksson, P. G., List, J. A., & Millimet, D. L. (2003). Bureaucratic corruption, environmental policy and inbound US FDI: Theory and evidence. Journal of Public Economics, 87(7), 1407–1430. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00016-6

Fredriksson, P. G., & Svensson, J. (2003). Political instability, corruption and policy formation: The case of environmental policy. Journal of Public Economics, 87(7), 1383–1405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00036-1

Fredriksson, P. G., Vollebergh, H. R. J., & Dijkgraaf, E. (2004). Corruption and energy efficiency in OECD countries: Theory and evidence. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 47(2), 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2003.08.001

Fredriksson, P., & Millimet, D. (2007). Legislative Organization and Pollution Taxation. Public Choice, 131(1), 217–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9114-0

Fredriksson, P., & Neumayer, E. (2016). Corruption and Climate Change Policies: Do the Bad Old Days Matter? Environmental and Resource Economics; The Official Journal of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 63(2), 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-014-9869-6

Fredriksson, P., Neumayer, E., & Ujhelyi, G. (2007). Kyoto Protocol cooperation: Does government corruption facilitate environmental lobbying? Public Choice, 133(1), 231–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-007-9187-4

Fredriksson, P., & Vollebergh, H. (2009). Corruption, federalism, and policy formation in the OECD: The case of energy policy. Public Choice, 140(1), 205–221.

238 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9419-x

Frei, C., & Muethel, M. (2017). Antecedents and Consequences of MNE Bribery: A Multilevel Review. Journal of Management Inquiry, 26(4), 418–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492617704305

Freille, S., Haque, M. E., & Kneller, R. (2007a). A contribution to the empirics of press freedom and corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(4), 838–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2007.03.002

Freille, S., Haque, M. E., & Kneller, R. A. (2007b). Federalism, decentralisation and corruption (MPRA Paper No. 27535). University Library of Munich, Germany. https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/27535.html

Freund, C., Hallward-Driemeier, M., & Rijkers, B. (2014). Deals and delays: Firm-level evidence on corruption and policy implementation times (No. WPS6949; pp. 1–43). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19736799/deals-delays-firm-level-evidence-corruption-policy-implementation-times

Frey, B., & Hannelore, W.-H. (1984). The hidden economy as an “unobserved” variable. European Economic Review, 26(1–2), 33–53.

Frey, B., & Torgler, B. (2007). Tax morale and conditional cooperation. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(1), 136–159.

Freytag, A., & Pehnelt, G. (2009). Debt Relief and Governance Quality in Developing Countries. World Development, 37(1), 62–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.01.004

Fried, B. J., Lagunes, P., & Venkataramani, A. (2010). Corruption and Inequality at the Crossroad: A Multimethod Study of Bribery and Discrimination in Latin America. Latin American Research Review, 45(1), 76–97.

Friedman, E., Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D., & Zoido-Lobaton, P. (2000). Dodging the grabbing hand: The determinants of unofficial activity in 69 countries. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 459–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00093-6

Friedman, W. (2018). Corruption and averting AIDS deaths. World Development, 110, 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.015

Friedrich, C. J. (1966). Political Pathology. The Political Quarterly, 37(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.1966.tb00184.x

Friedrich, C. J. (1989). Corruption Concepts in Historical Perspective. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston, V. Levine, & V. T. Le Vine (Eds.), Political corruption: A handbook (pp. 15–24). Transaction Books.

239 

 

Fries, S., Lysenko, T., & Polanec, S. (2003). The 2002 business environment and enterprise performance survey: Results from a survey of 6,100 firms (EBRD Working Paper 84).

Friesenbichler, K. S., Selenko, E., & Clarke, G. (2018). Perceptions of Corruption: An Empirical Study Controlling for Survey Bias. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 30(1), 55–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107917723787

Frischmann, E. (2010). Decentralization and Corruption: A Cross-Country Analysis (1 edition). GRIN Verlag.

Fritz, V. (2007). Democratisation and corruption in Mongolia. Public Administration and Development, 27(3), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.450

Fritzen, S. (2005). Beyond “Political Will”: How Institutional Context Shapes the Implementation of Anti-Corruption Policies. Policy and Society, 24(3), 79–96.

Fritzen, S. A., & Basu, S. (2011). From Information to Indicators: Monitoring Progress in the Fight Against Corruption in Multi-Project, Multi-Stakeholder Organizations. In A. Graycar, R. G. Smith, A. Graycar, & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR05220150821

Fritzen, S. A., & Dobel, J. P. (2018). Transforming Corrupt Systems: What Have We Learned? Public Integrity, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1461172

Fritzen, S. A., Serritzlew, S., & Svendsen, G. T. (2014). Corruption, Trust and their Public Sector Consequences: Introduction to the Special Edition. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 117–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2014.896124

Froomkin, S. M. (2004). Money Laundering, Corruption, and the Proceeds of Crime—An International Reality Check. Asper Review of International Business & Trade Law, 4, 155–489.

Frost, J., & Tischer, S. (2014). Unmasking Collective Corruption: The Dynamics of Corrupt Routines. European Management Review, 11(3–4), 191.

Frye, T. (2002). Capture or Exchange? Business Lobbying in Russia. Europe-Asia Studies, 54(7), 1017–1036. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966813022000017113

Frye, T., Reuter, O. J., & Szakonyi, D. (2014). Political Machines at Work Voter Mobilization and Electoral Subversion in the Workplace. World Politics, 66(2), 195–228. https://doi.org/10.1017/S004388711400001X

Frye, T., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2000). Rackets, Regulation, and the Rule of Law. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 16(2), 478–502.

240 

 

Fu, H. (2015). Wielding the Sword: President Xi’s New Anti-Corruption Campaign. In Susan Rose-Ackerman, P. Lagunes, & Edward Elgar Publishing (Eds.), Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 134–159). Edward Elgar PubLimited. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:978178471470320151028

Fu, T. (2020). The dilemma of government intervention in a firm’s financing: Evidence from China. International Review of Financial Analysis, 71, 101525-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101525

Fu, T., & Jian, Z. (2020). A developmental state: How to allocate electricity efficiently in a developing country. Energy Policy, 138, 111231–111239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111231

Fuentes, A. (2016). How Free Trade Agreements Can Improve Anti-Corruption Enforcement: A Case Study of the United States and Colombia. Public Contract Law Journal, 45(3), 479–497.

Fuhr, D. M. (2013). Of Thieves and Repressors: The Interplay Between Corruption and Human Rights Violations. Elon Law Review, 5(2), 271–299.

Fujiwara, T., & Wantchekon, L. (2013). Can Informed Public Deliberation Overcome Clientelism Experimental Evidence from Benin. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(4), 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.5.4.241

Fukumi, A., & Nishijima, S. (2010). Institutional quality and foreign direct investment in Latin America and the Caribbean. Applied Economics, 42(14), 1857.

Fukuyama, F. (2013). What Is Governance? Governance, 26(3), 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12035

Fukuyama, F. (2016). Governance: What Do We Know, and How Do We Know It? Annual Review of Political Science, 19(1), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-042214-044240

Fukuyama, F. (2018). Corruption as a Political Phenomenon. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 51–73). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_3

Fulton, M. E., & Giannakas, K. (2020). Corruption in agricultural processing firms: A comparison of cooperatives and investor‐owned firms. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(4), 445–460. https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12254

Funaki, Y., & Glencorse, B. (2014). Anti-corruption or accountability? International efforts in post-conflict Liberia. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 836–854. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921433

241 

 

Funcke, A. (2015). Mathematical models of social norms and petty corruption [Working Paper]. http://mdh.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:705712/FULLTEXT04.pdf

Funcke, A., Eriksson, K., & Strimling, P. (2014). Biased Perception May Trump Rational Intention: Most People Think They Are Less Corrupt Than Average (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2638526). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2638526

Funderburk, C. (2012). Political corruption in comparative perspective: Sources, status and prospects. Ashgate.

Fungáčová, Z., Kochanova, A., & Weill, L. (2015). Does Money Buy Credit? Firm-Level Evidence on Bribery and Bank Debt. World Development, 68, 308–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.12.009

Funk, C. (1996). The impact of scandal on candidate evaluations: An experimental test of the role of candidate traits. Political Behavior, 18(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01498658

Fursova, V., & Simons, G. (2014). Social Problems of Modern Russian Higher Education: The Example of Corruption. International Education Studies, 7(10), 25–31.

Furstenberg, S. (2018). State responses to reputational concerns: The case of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in Kazakhstan. Central Asian Survey, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2018.1428789

Gaal, P., & McKee, M. (2004). Informal payment for health care and the theory of “INXIT.” The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 19(2), 163–178. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.751

Gaballand, G., & Marteau, J. F. (2014). Rents Extraction in the Sub-Saharan Africa Port Secto. In Tina Søreide & A. Williams (Eds.), Corruption, grabbing and development: Real world challenges. Edward Elgar, 2014.

Gabriel, C. (2018). Malaysia’s Missing Billions. Journal of Democracy, 29(1), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0005

Gabriel, Y. (2012). Organizations in a State of Darkness: Towards a Theory of Organizational Miasma. Organization Studies, 33(9), 1137–1152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840612448154

Gachter, S., & Schulz, J. (2016). Intrinsic honesty and the prevalence of rule violations across societies. Nature; Nature, 531(7595), 496-+. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17160

Gadjanova, E. (2017). Electoral clientelism as status affirmation in Africa: Evidence from Ghana. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 55(4), 593–621.

242 

 

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X17000416

Gadowska, K. (2010). National and international anti-corruption efforts: The case of Poland. Global Crime, 11(2), 178–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669191

Gaivoronskaya, Y., & Filonenko, T. (2014). Issues of Applying Anti- Corruption Legislation in Criminal Investigation and Court Trial in the Russian Federation. Asian Social Science, 10(21), 236–241.

Gaivoronskaya, Y., & Filonenko, T. (2015). Corruption in Russia: Cause and Effect Relations. Asian Social Science, 11(13), 206–211.

Galang, R. M. N. (2012). Victim or Victimizer: Firm Responses to Government Corruption. Journal of Management Studies, 49(2), 429–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00989.x

Galang, R. M. N., Lavado, R., & Domingo, G. (2013). Why Do Asian Firms Say that their Governments are Corrupt: Assessing the Impact of Firm-Level Characteristics on Corruption Perceptions. Asian Institute of Management: Working Paper Series. https://works.bepress.com/robertogalang/23/

Galasi, P., & Kertesi, G. (1987). The Spread of Bribery in a Centrally Planned Economy. Acta Oeconomica, 38(3), 371.

Galeotti, G., & Merlo, A. (1994). Political Collusion and Corruption in a Representative Democracy. Public Finance-Finances Publiques, 49, 232–243.

Galinato, S. P. (2010). The Effects of Corruption Control and Political Stability on the Environmental Kuznets Curve of Deforestation-Induced Carbon Dioxide Emissions. School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University.

Gallego, J. (2015). Self-enforcing clientelism. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 27(3), 401–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629814533840

Gallego, J., Maldonado, S., & Trujillo, L. (2018). Blessing a Curse? Institutional Reform and Resource Booms in Colombia. In Working Papers (No. 122; Working Papers). Peruvian Economic Association. https://ideas.repec.org/p/apc/wpaper/122.html

Gallego, J., Rivero, G., & Martínez, J. (2020). Preventing rather than punishing: An early warning model of malfeasance in public procurement. International Journal of Forecasting. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2020.06.006

Gallego-Alvarez, I., & Fernandez-Gomez, M. (2016). Governance, Environmental And Economic Factors: An international analysis. Environmental Policy and Governance, 26(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1695

243 

 

Galletta, S. (2017). Law enforcement, municipal budgets and spillover effects: Evidence from a quasi-experiment in Italy. Journal of Urban Economics, 101, 90–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2017.06.005

Gallina, N. (2013). Anti-corruption revisited: The case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.(Report). Zeitschrift Fur Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 183.

Galtung, F. (1998). Criteria for sustainable corruption control. European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 105–128.

Galtung, F. (2006). Measuring the Immeasurable: Boundaries and Functions of (Macro) Corruption Indices. In C. J. G. Sampford (Ed.), Measuring corruption (pp. 101-130.). Ashgate.

Galtung, F., & Tisné, M. (2009). A new approach to postwar reconstruction. Journal of Democracy, 20(4), 93–107.

Gamba, A., Immordino, G., & Piccolo, S. (2018). Corruption, organized crime and the bright side of subversion of law. Journal of Public Economics, 159, 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.02.003

Gambetta, D. (2002). Corruption: An Analytical Map. In S. Kotkin & A. Sajó (Eds.), Political corruption in transition: A skeptic’s handbook. Central European University Press.

Gambetta, D. (2018). Why is Italy Disproportionally Corrupt?: A Conjecture. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 133–164). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_6

Gambetta, Diego. (2006). Two Types of Corruption and the Self-Fulfilling Nature of the Beliefs About Corruption. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 137–144). Czernin.

Gamboa-Cavazos, M., Garza-Cantu, V., & Salinas, C. E. (2007). The Organization of Corruption: Political Horizons and Special Interests (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 754325). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=754325

Gamso, J. (2018). Environmental policy impacts of trade with China and the moderating effect of governance. Environmental Policy And Governance, 28(6), 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1807

Ganda, F. (2020). The influence of corruption on environmental sustainability in the developing economies of Southern Africa. Heliyon, 6(7), e04387-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04387

Gangl, K., Kirchler, E., Lorenz, C., & Torgler, B. (2015). Wealthy Tax Non-Filers in a Developing Nation: The Roles of Taxpayer Knowledge, Perceived Corruption and

244 

 

Service Orientation in Pakistan (No. 2015–08; CREMA Working Paper Series). Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA). https://ideas.repec.org/p/cra/wpaper/2015-08.html

Gani, A. (2007). Governance and foreign direct investment links: Evidence from panel data estimations. Applied Economics Letters, 14(10), 753–756.

Gani, A. (2017). The Empirical Determinants of Corruption in Developing Countries. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 16(4), 392–409. https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341441

Gani, A., & Clemes, M. D. (2015). Natural Resource Exports and Corruption. International Advances in Economic Research, 21(2), 239–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-015-9515-2

Gani, A., & Duncan, R. (2007). Measuring Good Governance Using Time Series Data: Fiji Islands. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 12(3), 367–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860701405979

Ganie-Rochman, M., & Achwan, R. (2016). Corruption in Indonesia’s Emerging Democracy. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(2), 159–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15625246

Gans-Morse, J., Mazzuca, S., & Nichter, S. (2014). Varieties of Clientelism: Machine Politics during Elections. American Journal of Political Science, 58(2), 415–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12058

Gans-Morse, Jordan. (2017). Property rights in Post-Soviet Russia: Violence, corruption, and the demand for law. Cambridge University Press.

Gans-Morse, Jordan, Borges, M., Makarin, A., Mannah-Blankson, T., Nickow, A., & Zhang, D. (2018). Reducing bureaucratic corruption: Interdisciplinary perspectives on what works. World Development, 105, 171–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.015

Gantz, D. A. (1997a). Globalizing sanctions against foreign bribery: The emergence of a new international legal consensus. Nw. J. Int’l L. & Bus., 18, 457.

Gantz, D. A. (1997b). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Professional and ethical challenges for lawyers. Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 14(1), 97–116.

Ganuza, J.-J., & Hauk, E. (2004). Economic integration and corruption. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 22(10), 1463–1484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2004.09.004

Gao, L., & Stanyer, J. (2014). Hunting corrupt officials online: The human flesh search engine and the search for justice in China. Information, Communication & Society, 17(7),

245 

 

814–829. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.836553

Gao, Q., Ying, Q., & Luo, D. (2015). Hidden Income and Occupational Background: Evidence from Guangzhou. Journal of Contemporary China, 24(94), 721–741. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2014.978156

Gao, Y. (2011). Government Intervention, Perceived Benefit, and Bribery of Firms in Transitional China. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0896-8

Garcia Fortuny, J. (2014). The Effects of Corruption and Seigniorage on Growth and Inflation [Working Paper]. https://ideas.repec.org/p/urv/wpaper/2072-246961.html

Garcia-Murillo, M. (2009). The effect of internet access on government corruption. Electronic Government, An International Journal, 7(1), 22–40.

Garcia-Quesada, M., Jimenez, F., & Villoria, M. (2015). Can’t control/won’t control: Opportunities and deterrents for local urban corruption in Lanzarote. Crime Law and Social Change, 63(1–2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-014-9549-z

Garcia-Quesada, M., Jiménez-Sánchez, F., & Villoria, M. (2013). Building Local Integrity Systems in Southern Europe: The case of urban local corruption in Spain. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 79(4), 618–637. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852313501125

García-Rodríguez, J. L., García-Rodríguez, F. J., Castilla-Gutiérrez, C., & Major, S. A. (2015). Oil, Power, and Poverty in Angola. African Studies Review, 58(1), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2015.8

Garcia-Sanchez, I., Cuadrado-Ballesteros, B., & Frias-Aceituno, J. (2016). Does media freedom improve government effectiveness? A comparative cross-country analysis. European Journal Of Law And Economics, 42(3), 515–537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-014-9462-z

Garcia-Sanchez, I. M., Rodriguez-Dominguez, L., & Gallego-Alvarez, I. (2011). Effectiveness of Ethics Codes in the Public Sphere: Are They Useful in Controlling Corruption? International Journal of Public Administration, 34(3), 190–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2010.532184

Gardiner, J. (1992). Defining corruption. Corruption and Reform, 7(2), 111–111.

Gardiner, S., Parry, J., & Robinson, S. (2017). Integrity and the corruption debate in sport: Where is the integrity? European Sport Management Quarterly, 17(1), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2016.1259246

Garimella, S. R. (2014). Normative structure for criminalising corruption—The South Asian

246 

 

experience. Int. J. of Human Rights and Constitutional Studies, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHRCS.2014.060454

Garlick, C. (2019). Putting Federal Suspension & Debarment Officials in The Driver’s Seat: Empowering S&D Programs to Efficiently Save Taxpayer Dollars. Public Contract Law Journal, 48(2), 315–336.

Garmaev, Y., Stepanenko, D., & Fengling, C. (2015). Prevention of Corruption Crimes in China and Russia: Problems and Ways of Solution. Asian Social Science, 11(18), 261–266.

Garmaev, Y., Stepanenko, D., & Stepanenko, R. (2015). Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights as a Source of Recommendations on Fight against Corruption: Prospects for Interdisciplinary Research. Asian Social Science, 11(9), 266–272.

Garmaise, M. J., & Liu, J. (2005). Corruption, Firm Governance, and the Cost of Capital (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 644017). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=644017

Garment, S. (1996). Scandal: The Culture of Mistrust in American Politics. The Southern Communication Journal, 61(4), 364–365.

Garoupa, N. (1999a). Dishonesty and Libel Law: The Economics of the “Chilling” Effect. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE) / Zeitschrift Für Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 155(2), 284–300.

Garoupa, N. (1999b). The economics of political dishonesty and defamation. International Review of Law & Economics, 19(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8188(99)00003-4

Garoupa, N., & Jellal, M. (2007). Further notes on information, corruption, and optimal law enforcement. European Journal of Law and Economics, 23(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-007-9002-1

Garoupa, N., & Klerman, D. (2004). Corruption and the optimal use of nonmonetary sanctions. International Review of Law & Economics, 24(2), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2004.08.006

Garoupa, N., & Klerman, D. M. (2010). Corruption and Private Law Enforcement: Theory and History. Review of Law & Economics, 6(1), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.2202/1555-5879.1394

Garrett, B. (2007). Structural Reform Prosecution. Virginia Law Review, 93(4), 853–957.

Garrett, B. (2011). Globalized Corporate Prosecutions. Virginia Law Review, 97(8), 1775.

Garrett, B. L. (2018). Individual and corporate criminals. Research Handbook on Corporate

247 

 

Crime and Financial Misdealing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781783474462/9781783474462.00009.xml

Garrett, B. L. (2020). The path of FCPA settlements. Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00010.xml

Garrett, N., Lazzaro, S. C., Ariely, D., & Sharot, T. (2016). The brain adapts to dishonesty. Nature Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4426

Garside, S. M. (2016). Corruption and money laundering: International asset recovery from politically exposed persons in the UK, Nigeria, Russia and China [Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås]. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2443256

Gastanaga, V. M., Nugent, J. B., & Pashamova, B. (1998). Host country reforms and FDI inflows: How much difference do they make? World Development, 26(7), 1299–1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00049-7

Gathii, J. T. (1999a). Corruption and donor reforms: Expanding the promises and possibilities of the rule of law as an anti-corruption strategy in Kenya. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 407–453.

Gathii, J. T. (1999b). Good Governance as a Counter Insurgency Agenda to Oppositional and Transformative Social Projects in International Law. Buffalo Human Rights Law Review, 5, 107–295.

Gathii, J. T. (2009). Defining the Relationship between Corruption and Human Rights. University Of Pennsylvania Journal Of International Law, 31(1), 125–202.

Gatta, G. L. (2017). The Prosecution of Public Corruption in the United States: Political and Judicial Strategies - And, in the Background, an Expression of the Legality Principle Crisis (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3242851). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3242851

Gatti, R. (1999). Corruption and trade tariffs, or a case for uniform tariffs (No. WPS2216; pp. 1–22). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1999/11/439725/corruption-trade-tariffs-or-case-uniform-tariffs

Gatti, R. (2004). Explaining corruption: Are open countries less corrupt? Journal of International Development, 16(6), 851–861. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1115

Gatti, R., Paternostro, S., & Rigolini, J. (2003). Individual Attitudes toward Corruption: Do Social Effects Matter? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 636542). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=636542

Gauthier, B., & Gersovitz, M. (1997). Revenue erosion through exemption and evasion in

248 

 

Cameroon, 1993. Journal of Public Economics, 64(3), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(96)01606-4

Gauthier, B., & Goyette, J. (2014). Taxation and corruption: Theory and firm-level evidence from Uganda. Applied Economics, 46(23), 2755.

Gauthier, B., & Goyette, J. (2016). Fiscal policy and corruption. Social Choice and Welfare, 46(1), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-015-0903-6

Gauthier, B., & Reinikka, R. (2006). Shifting Tax Burdens through Exemptions and Evasion: An Empirical Investigation of Uganda. Journal of African Economies, 15(3), 373–398. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejl022

Gauthier, B., & Wane, W. (2009). Leakage of Public Resources in the Health Sector: An Empirical Investigation of Chad. Journal of African Economies, 18(1), 52–83.

Gauthier, ]Bernard, & Zeufack, A. (2012). Cameroon’s Oil Wealth: Transparency Matters! In B. Akitoby & S. Coorey (Eds.), Oil Wealth in Central Africa: Policies for Inclusive Growth (pp. 155–170). International Monetary Fund.

Gaventa, J., & Mcgee, R. (2013). The Impact of Transparency and Accountability Initiatives. Development Policy Review, 31, s3–s28. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12017

Gaviria, A. (2002). Assessing the effects of corruption and crime on firm performance: Evidence from Latin America. Emerging Markets Review, 3(3), 245–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1566-0141(02)00024-9

Gawey, J. (2011). The Hobbs Leviathan: The Dangerous Breadth of the Hobbs Act and Other Corruption Statutes. The Notre Dame Law Review, 87(1), 383.

Gayed, J. (2003). “Corruptly”: Why corrupt state of mind is an essential element for Hobbs Act extortion under color of official right. The Notre Dame Law Review, 78(5), 1731–1790.

Gberevbie, D. E., Oyeyemi, A. I., & Excellence-Oluye, Nchekwube. O. (2014). The Challenges of Good Governance, Accountability of Governmental Agencies and Development in Nigeria. Acta Universitatis Danubius: Administratio, 6(2), 80–97.

Gberie, Lansana. (2002). War and Peace in Sierra Leone: Diamonds, Corruption and the Lebanese Connection. Working Paper.

Gebel, A. C. (2012). Human Nature and Morality in the Anti-Corruption Discourse of Transparency International. Public Administration and Development, 32(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1604

Gebeye, B. A. (2011). Rethinking International Anti-Corruption Conventions: Elevating Corruption-Free Service as a Human Right. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.

249 

 

Gebeye, B. A. (2012). Corruption and Human Rights: Exploring the Relationships (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2075766). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2075766

Gebhardt, C. (2017). The transfer of corruptive routines from old industrial regions to innovation clusters: A blind spot in innovation studies. Triple Helix, 4(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40604-017-0046-0

Geda, A., & Yimer, A. (2016). Capital Flight and its Determinants: The Case of Ethiopia. African Development Review = Revue Africaine de Developpement, 28(Journal Article), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12180

Geddes, B. (1991). A game theoretic model of reform in Latin American democracies. (Administrative reform). American Political Science Review, 85(2), 371.

Geddes, B., & Neto, A. R. (1992). Institutional sources of corruption in Brazil. Third World Quarterly, 13(4), 641–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599208420302

Gedikli, A. (2020). An Investigation of the Reasons for the Natural Resource Curse: Selected Country Cases. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.20409/berj.2019.230

Gee, J. (2006). Fraud and Corruption: What Is To Be Done. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 157–164). Czernin.

Gehlbach, S. (2009). What Can Firm and Household Surveys Tell Us About Expert Assessments of Corruption? [Working Paper].

Gehlbach, S., & Simpser, A. (2015). Electoral Manipulation as Bureaucratic Control. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12122

Gehrke, G. (2017). The impact of Brazilian corruption in the media: A comparative analysis of magazines Der Spiegel, L’Obs, The Economist, Time and Veja. Revista de Administração Pública, 51(1), 157–167.

Gelbrich, K., Stedham, Y., & Gäthke, D. (2016). Cultural Discrepancy and National Corruption: Investigating the Difference between Cultural Values and Practices and Its Relationship to Corrupt Behavior. Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(02), 201–225. https://doi.org/10.1017/beq.2016.29

Geldenhuys, A. F., Ajuwon, O. S., & Graham, M. (2020). Resource Curse and the EITI Membership Effect on the Economic Growth and Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa: Part I - a Theoretical Review. Oradea Journal of Business and Economics, 5(1), 18–28.

Gelos, G., & Wei, S.-J. (2002). Transparency and International Investor Behavior (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 880227). Social Science Research Network.

250 

 

https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=880227

Geltner, G. (2018). Fighting Corruption in the Italian City-State: Perugian Officers’ End of Term Audit () in the Fourteenth Century. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-8

Gemperle, S. M. (2018a). Comparing anti-corruption agencies: A new cross-national index. International Review of Public Administration, 23(3), 156–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2018.1518002

Gemperle, S. M. (2018b). Improving state legitimacy? The role of anti-corruption agencies in fragile and conflict-affected states. Global Crime, 19(1), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2017.1411806

Génaux, M. (2004). Social sciences and the evolving concept of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041034.66031.02

Geng, H., & Hennig-Schmidt, H. (2009). Sensitivity to Corruption—An Experimental Investigation in China [Working Paper].

Gennaioli, C., & Tavoni, M. (2016). Clean or dirty energy: Evidence of corruption in the renewable energy sector. Public Choice, 166(3), 261–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-016-0322-y

Gentina, E., Tang, T., & Gu, Q. (2017). Does Bad Company Corrupt Good Morals? Social Bonding and Academic Cheating among French and Chinese Teens. Journal Of Business Ethics, 146(3), 639–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2939-z

Gentzkow, M., Glaeser, E. L., & Goldin, C. D. (2006). The Rise of the Fourth Estate: How Newspapers Became Informative and Why It Mattered. In Corruption and reform: Lessons from America’s economic history. University of Chicago Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:EDZ0000115695

Georgarakos, D., & Fürth, S. (2015). Household repayment behavior: The role of social capital and institutional, political, and religious beliefs. European Journal of Political Economy, 37(Journal Article), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.10.001

George, B. C., & Lacey, K. A. (2000). A coalition of industrialized nations, developing nations, multilateral development banks, and nongovernmental organizations: A pivotal complement to current anti-corruption initiatives. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 547.

George, B. C., & Lacey, K. A. (2006). Investigation of Halliburton Co./TSKJ’S Nigerian

251 

 

Business Practices: Model for Analysis of the Current Anti-Corruption Environment on Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Enforcement. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 96(2), 503–525.

George, B. C., Lacey, K. A., & Birmele, J. (1999). On the threshold of the adoption of global antibribery legislation: A critical analysis of current domestic and international efforts toward the reduction of business corruption. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 32(1), 1.

George, B. C., Lacey, K. A., & Birmele, J. (2000). The 1998 OECD Convention: An Impetus for Worldwide Changes in Attitudes Toward Corruption in Business Transactions. American Business Law Journal, 37(3), 485–525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2000.tb00276.x

George, B., & Kimber, S. (n.d.). Reflections on Election Fraud and Its Persistence in Modern Democracy. American Anti-Corruption Institute.

Georgieva, I. (2017). Using Transparency Against Corruption in Public Procurement. Springer International Publishing. http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319513034

Georgis, P. J. (2012). Settling with your hands tied: Why judicial intervention is needed to curb an expanding interpretation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Golden Gate University Law Review, 42(2), 243.

Gephart, M. (2012). Contested meanings of corruption: International and local narratives in the case of Paraguay. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2134873

Gephart, M. (2013). Convergence, Divergence and a Complex Interplay: Chile and the International and Transnational Anti-Corruption Campaign | GIGA (GIGA Working Paper No. 224). https://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/publication/convergence-divergence-and-a-complex-interplay-chile-and-the-international-and

Gephart, M. (2016). Local embedding of international discourse: Chile and the international and transnational anti-corruption campaign. 30(1), 49–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815585889

Gephart, M. (2017). Fighting corruption in Paraguay and Chile: Exploring the local embedding of the international anti-corruption discourse from a post-development perspective. Nomos.

Gerardino, M. P., Litschig, S., & Pomeranz, D. (2017). Distortion by Audit: Evidence from Public Procurement (No. w23978). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w23978

252 

 

Gerardino, M. P., Litschig, S., & Pomeranz, D. D. (2014). Monitoring Public Procurement: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design in Chile. http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=48178

Gerasimova Ksenia. (2008). Can corruption and economic crime be controlled in developing countries and if so, is it cost-effective? Journal of Financial Crime, 15(2), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790810866917

Gerber, T. P., & Mendelson, S. E. (2008). Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing? Law & Society Review, 42(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00333.x

Gerges, C., Hirschfeld, G., Hutar, C., Salzman, G., Sorensen, J., & Meyer, E. (2018). Corruption in an Era of Climate Change: Rebuilding Sint Maarten after Hurricane Irma (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3179203). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3179203

Gerring, J., & Thacker, S. C. (2004). Political Institutions and Corruption: The Role of Unitarism and Parliamentarism. British Journal of Political Science, 34(2), 295–330. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123404000067

Gerring, J., & Thacker, S. C. (2005). Do Neoliberal Policies Deter Political Corruption? International Organization, 59(1), 233–254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050083

Gerstner, L. (2019). United States v. Hoskins: An Originalist Approach to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 27(2), 389.

Gest, N., & Grigorescu, A. (2010). Interactions among intergovernmental organizations in the anti-corruption realm. The Review of International Organizations, 5(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-009-9070-9

Getz, K. A. (2006). The effectiveness of global prohibition regimes: Corruption and the antibribery convention.(multinational corporations, business practices). Business and Society, 45(3), 254–281.

Getz, K., & Volkema, R. (2001). Culture, perceived corruption, and economics: A model of predictors and outcomes. Business and Society, 40(1), 7–30.

Gevurtz, F. (1987a). Commercial Bribery and the Sherman Act: The Case for Per Se Illegality. University of Miami Law Review, 42(2), 365.

Gevurtz, F. (1987b). Using the Antitrust Laws to Combat Overseas Bribery by Foreign Companies: A Step to Even the Odds in International Trade. Virginia Journal of International Law, 27(2), 211.

253 

 

Ghalwash, T. (2014). Corruption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Egypt. Modern Economy, 5(10), 1001–1009.

Ghazanfar, S., & May, K. (2000). Third World Corruption: A Brief Survey of the Issues. The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 25(3), 351.

Ghazi-Tehrani, A., & Pontell, H. (2019). Corruption in the United States and China: Codes of conduct vs. crackdowns. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09848-3

Gheorghe, R. (2019). The Phenomenon of Corruption in Romania: An Analysis from a Social and Economic Perspective. Internal Auditing Risk Management, 53(1), 33–42.

Gherai, D., Droj, L., & Matica, D. (2016). The Social Role of the Supreme Audit Institutions to Reduce Corruption in the European Union—Empirical Study. Revista de Cercetare Si Interventie Sociala, 52, 217–240.

Gherasim‑Proca, O. (2014). Some observations concerning the judicial reform in Romania. Is there no matter more pressing than the fight against corruption? Sfera Politicii, 4, 172–186.

Gholami, H., & Habeeb, A. (2019). Combating corruption in Nigeria: The emergence of whistleblowing policy. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2017-0102

Ghoneim, A. F., & Ezzat, A. M. (2016). Growth and corruption in Arab countries: What type of relationship connects them? Journal of Economics and International Finance, 8(5), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.5897/JEIF2015.0675

Ghosh, S., & Gregoriou, A. (2010). Can corruption favour growth via the composition of government spending? Economics Bulletin, 30(3), 2270–2278.

Ghosh, S., & Neanidis, K. C. (2010). Corruption, Fiscal Policy, and Growth: A Unified Approach (Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research Discussion Paper Series No. 140). Economics, The Univeristy of Manchester. https://ideas.repec.org/p/man/cgbcrp/140.html

Ghosh, S., & Roy, J. (n.d.). Motivation, Expertise, and Bureaucratic Embezzlement: Is there a Link? Retrieved August 3, 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237416975_Motivation_Expertise_and_Bureaucratic_Embezzlement_Is_there_a_Link

Ghuman, B. S., & Sohail, M. (2017). Right to Information Act, 2005 in India: A Decadal Experience. Indian Journal of Public Administration, 63(2), 228–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019556117699737

254 

 

Ghura, D. (1998). Tax Revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effects of Economic Policies and Corruption (IMF Working Paper WP/98/135). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=882694

Ghura, H., Harraf, A., Li, X., & Hamdan, A. (2019). The moderating effect of corruption on the relationship between formal institutions and entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12(1), 58–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-03-2019-0032

Giang, D., Xuan, P., & Hai, N. (2016). Corruption risks in Vietnam’s household business sector. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 395–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9604-z

Giang, L. T., Nguyen, C. V., & Nguyen, H. Q. (2020). The Impacts of Economic Growth and Governance on Migration: Evidence from Vietnam. European Journal of Development Research, 32(4), 1195–1229. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-020-00262-3

Giannetti, M., Liao, G., You, J., & Yu, X. (2018). The Externalities of Corruption: Evidence from Entrepreneurial Firms in China (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2897558). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2897558

Giannoccolo, P., & Lisciandra, M. (2019). Political corruption and capture of the minority. Economics & Politics, 31(3), 485–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12137

Giavazzi, F., & Tabellini, G. (2005). Economic and political liberalizations. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(7), 1297–1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2005.05.002

Gibbs, D. (2020). Civil service reform, self‐selection, and bureaucratic performance. Economics and Politics, 32(2), 279–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12151

Gibbs, T. (2020). Whistleblowing: Protection or discouragement. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(3), 591–600. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-03-2020-0031

Gibelman, M., & Gelman, S. (2001). Very Public Scandals: Nongovernmental Organizations in Trouble. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 12(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011242911726

Gibelman, M., & Gelman, S. (2004). A Loss of Credibility: Patterns of Wrongdoing Among Nongovernmental Organizations. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 15(4), 355–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-004-1237-7

Gidron, N., & Superti, C. (2015). Overcoming the Long Shadow of Corruption: Trust in Institutions, Evidence from Israel. 45.

Giglioli, P. (1996). Political Corruption and the Media: The Tangentopoli Affair. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 381–381.

255 

 

Gilbert, A. (2019). Corruption in Urban Latin America: The Case of Bogotá. International Journal of Regional and Local History, 14(2), 126–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2019.1673538

Gilbert, J.-A., & Sharman, J. C. (2016). Turning a Blind Eye to Bribery: Explaining Failures to Comply with the International Anti-corruption Regime. Political Studies, 64(1), 74–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12153

Gilbert, M. D., & Aiken, B. (2014). Disclosure and Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2334454). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2334454

Giliomee, H. B. (1998). South Africa’s Emerging Dominant-Party Regime. Journal of Democracy, 9(4), 128–142.

Gillanders, R., & Parviainen, S. (2018). Corruption and the shadow economy at the regional level. Review Of Development Economics, 22(4), 1729–1743. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12517

Gillanders, Robert. (2011). The mental health cost of corruption: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa (No. 201126; Working Papers). School of Economics, University College Dublin. https://ideas.repec.org/p/ucn/wpaper/201126.html

Gillanders, Robert. (2014). Corruption and Infrastructure at the Country and Regional Level. Journal of Development Studies, 50(6), 803–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.858126

Gillanders, Robert. (2016). Corruption and anxiety in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economics of Governance, 17(1), 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-015-0177-6

Gillanders, Robert, & Neselevska, O. (2017). Public Sector Corruption and Trust in the Private Sector: Corruption and Trust in the Private Sector. Journal of International Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3306

Gillanders, Robert, & Parviainen, S. (2018). Experts’ Perceptions Versus Firms’ Experiences of Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment. The Manchester School, 86(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/manc.12199

Gillespie, J. (2001). Self-interest and Ideology: Bureaucratic Corruption in Vietnam. Australian Journal of Asian Law, 3(1), 1–36.

Gillespie, J. (2002). The political-legal culture of anti-corruption reforms in Vietnam. In Corruption in Asia: Rethinking the governance paradigm (pp. 167–200). Federation Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P0sz_EvRLu8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA167&dq=Gillespie,+John.+2002.+%E2%80%9CThe+Political-Legal+Culture+of+Anti-Corrupti

256 

 

on+Reforms+in+Vietnam%E2%80%9D,+in+T.+Lindsey+%26+H.+Dick,+eds.+Corrutpion+in+Asia:+Rethinking+the+Governance+Paradigm+&ots=nxJnNZauJ0&sig=tSlTToK_hHB5bL7VA5O5IkVQOXQ

Gillespie, J., & Le, C. (2019). Exploring a Public Interest Definition of Corruption: Public Private Partnerships in Socialist Asia. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-04101-8

Gillespie, K. (1987). Middle East Response to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. California Management Review, 29(4), 9.

Gillespie, K. (2006). The Middle East’s corruption conundrum. Current History, 105(687), 40–46.

Gillespie, K., & Okruhlik, G. (1988). CLEANING UP CORRUPTION IN THE MIDDLE EAST (Article). The Middle East Journal.

Gillespie, K., & Okruhlik, G. (1991). The Political Dimensions of Corruption Cleanups: A Framework for Analysis. Comparative Politics, 24(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.2307/422202

Gillespie, N., Bachmann, R., Priem, R., Eberl, P., Geiger, D., & Aßländer, M., S. (2015). Repairing Trust in an Organization after Integrity Violations: The Ambivalence of Organizational Rule Adjustments. 36(9), 1205–1235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615585335

Gilley, B. (2006). The determinants of state legitimacy: Results for 72 countries. International Political Science Review, 27(1), 47–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512106058634

Gilman, S. C. (2018). To Understand and to Misunderstand How Corruption is Measured: Academic Research and the Corruption Perception Index. Public Integrity, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1472974

Gilson, L. (1997). The lessons of user fee experience in Africa. Health Policy And Planning, 12(4), 273–285.

Gingerich, D. (2009). Corruption and Political Decay: Evidence from Bolivia. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 4(1), 1–34.

Gingerich, D. W. (2009). Ballot Structure, Political Corruption, and the Performance of Proportional Representation. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 21(4), 509–541. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629809339805

Gingerich, D. W. (2010). Understanding Off-the-Books Politics: Conducting Inference on the Determinants of Sensitive Behavior with Randomized Response Surveys. Political Analysis, 18(3), 349–380.

257 

 

Gingerich, D. W. (2013a). Political institutions and party-directed corruption in South America: Stealing for the team. Cambridge University Press.

Gingerich, D. W. (2013b). Governance Indicators and the Level of Analysis Problem: Empirical Findings from South America. British Journal of Political Science, 43(03), 505–540. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123412000403

Gingerich, D. W. (2014). Yesterday’s heroes, today’s villains: Ideology, corruption, and democratic performance. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 26(2), 249–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629813495120

Gingerich, D. W., & Medina, L. F. (2013). The Endurance and Eclipse of the Controlled Vote: A Formal Model of Vote Brokerage Under the Secret Ballot (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2338794). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2338794

Gingerich, D. W., Oliveros, V., Corbacho, A., & Ruiz-Vega, M. (2016). When to Protect? Using the Crosswise Model to Integrate Protected and Direct Responses in Surveys of Sensitive Behavior. Political Analysis, 24(2), 132–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpv034

Gino, F., Ayal, S., & Ariely, D. (2009). Contagion and Differentiation in Unethical Behavior: The Effect of One Bad Apple on the Barrel.(Report). Psychological Science, 20(3), 393.

Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. H. (2009). When misconduct goes unnoticed: The acceptability of gradual erosion in others’ unethical behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 708–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.013

Gino, F., Gu, J., & Zhong, C.-B. (2009). Contagion or restitution? When bad apples can motivate ethical behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(6), 1299–1302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.07.014

Gino, F., & Margolis, J. D. (2011). Bringing ethics into focus: How regulatory focus and risk preferences influence (Un)ethical behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.01.006

Gino, F., & Pierce, L. (2009). The abundance effect: Unethical behavior in the presence of wealth. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109(2), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.03.003

Giordano, C., & Lopez-Garcia, P. (2018). Is corruption efficiency-enhancing? A case study of the Central and Eastern European region. The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 15(1), 119–164. https://doi.org/10.25428/1824-2979/201801-119-164

Giovannoni, F., & Seidmann, D. J. (2014). Corruption and power in democracies.(Report)(Author abstract). Social Choice and Welfare, 42(3), 707.

Giraudo, J. P. (2005). Charitable contributions and the FCPA: Schering-Plough and the

258 

 

increasing scope of SEC enforcement.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act). Business Lawyer, 61(1), 135.

Gire, J. T. (1999). A Psychological Analysis of Corruption in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 1, 1–15.

Gisselquist, R. M. (2014). Developing and evaluating governance indexes: 10 questions. Policy Studies, 35(5), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2014.946484

Gĩthĩnji, M. W., & Holmquist, F. W. (2012). Reform and Political Impunity in Kenya: Transparency without Accountability. African Studies Review, 55(1), 53–74.

Giudice, L. (2011). Regulating Corruption: Analyzing Uncertainty in Current Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Enforcement. Boston University Law Review, 91, 347–2131.

Givant, N. (1994). The sword that shields. The China Business Review, 21(3), 29.

Givati, Y. (2016). A Theory of Whistleblower Rewards. The Journal of Legal Studies, 45(1), 43–72. https://doi.org/10.1086/684617

Givens, D. (2013). Defining governance matters: A factor analytic assessment of governance institutions. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(4), 1026–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.09.005

Gjefsen, T. (2012). Sources of Regime Legitimacy: Quality of Government and Electoral Democracy. https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/34403

Gjokutaj, E. (2019). PSAs in Oil Industry, Tax System and Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3410638). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3410638

Gjorgjievska, E. (2020). The “Silent Guardians” in the Fight against Corruption: The Case of North Macedonia. Central European Public Administration Review, 18(1), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2020.1.08

Glaeser, E. L. (2004). Public Ownership in the American City. In A. E. Schwartz (Ed.), Urban Issues and Public Finance (pp. 130–162).

Glaeser, E. L., & Goldin, C. D. (2006). Corruption and reform: Lessons from America’s economic history. University of Chicago Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:EDZ0000115695

Glaeser, E. L., & Saks, R. E. (2006). Corruption in America. Journal of Public Economics, 90(6), 1053–1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.08.007

Glaeser, E., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2004). Do Institutions Cause Growth? Journal of Economic Growth, 9(3), 271–303.

259 

 

https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEG.0000038933.16398.ed

Glaeser, E., Scheinkman, J., & Shleifer, A. (2003). The injustice of inequality. Journal of Monetary Economics, 50(1), 199–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3932(02)00204-0

Glass, A., & Wu, X. (2004). Which Type of Foreign Direct Investment Is Most Hurt by Corruption [Working Paper].

Glazer, M. (1989). The whistleblowers: Exposing corruption in government and industry. Basic Books.

Gledhill, J. (2003). Old economy, new economy; old corruption, new corruption. Social Analysis [Adelaide], 47(3), 130–135.

Gledhill, John. (2004). Corruption as the Mirror of the State in Latin America. In I. Pardo (Ed.), Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 155–180). Ashgate.

Glewwe, P., Ilias, N., & Kremer, M. (2010). Teacher Incentives. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(3), 205–227. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.2.3.205

Global Witness. (2009). Undue Diligence: How banks do business with corrupt regimes. U4. http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/undue-diligence-how-banks-do-business-with-corrupt-regimes/

Globerman, S., & Shapiro, D. (2002). Global Foreign Direct Investment Flows: The Role of Governance Infrastructure. World Development, 30(11), 1899–1919. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00110-9

Globerman, S., & Shapiro, D. (2003). Governance Infrastructure and US Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of International Business Studies, 34(1), 19–39.

Gloppen, S. (2014). Courts, Corruption and Judicial Independence. In Tina Søreide & A. Williams (Eds.), Corruption, grabbing and development: Real world challenges. Edward Elgar, 2014.

Gloster-Coates, P., & Quest, L. (2005). Kleptocracy: Curse of Development. International Social Science Review, 80(1–2), 3.

Glukhova, A. A., Krasikova, O. G., & Shpilev, D. A. (2015). On the current practice of corruption prevention in foreign countries. Aktualʹnye Problemy Èkonomiki i Prava, 9(3), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.09.2015.3.195-201

Gneezy, U., Saccardo, S., & van Veldhuizen, R. (2016). Bribery: Greed versus reciprocity (Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Market Behavior SP II 2016-203). Social Science Research Center Berlin (WZB). https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/wzbmbh/spii2016203.html

260 

 

Gnimassoun, B., & Massil, J. K. (2019). Determinants of corruption: Can we put all countries in the same basket? European Journal of Comparative Economics, 16(2), 239–276. https://doi.org/10.25428/1824-2979/201902-239-276

Go, Y.-H., Lau, L.-S., Liew, F.-M., & Senadjki, A. (2020). A transport environmental Kuznets curve analysis for Malaysia: Exploring the role of corruption. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(3), 3421–3433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10736-w

Gobel, C. (2014). Warriors Unchained: Critical Junctures and Anti-Corruption in Taiwan and South Korea. In Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft (pp. 219–242). Wiesbaden Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ejournals:sfx1000000000295103

Goczek, Ł. (2009). Corruption and Social Norms. Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo, 24, 22–38.

Godet, A., & Gokcekus, O. (2006). Group Dynamics of Corruption in Public Organizations. The Journal of Policy Reform, 9(4), 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13841280601107075

Godinez, J., & Liu, L. (2015). Corruption distance and FDI flows into Latin America. International Business Review, 24(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.05.006

Godlee, F. (2015). Medical corruption in the UK. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 350(7993), h506–h506.

Goebel, C. (2016). The Quest for Good Governance: Taiwan’s Fight Against Corruption. Journal Of Democracy, 27(1), 124–138.

Goebel, Christian. (2016). Taiwan’s Fight Against Corruption. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 124–138.

Goedhuys, M., Mohnen, P., & Taha, T. (2016). Corruption, innovation and firm growth: Firm-level evidence from Egypt and Tunisia. Eurasian Business Review, 6(3), 299–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-016-0062-4

Goel, R. (2018). IPR infringement in the United States: Impacts on the input and output of R&D. Journal of Technology Transfer, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-9708-y

Goel, R., Herrala, R., & Mazhar, U. (2013). Institutional quality and environmental pollution: MENA countries versus the rest of the world. Economic Systems, 37(4), 508–521.

Goel, R. K. (2014). PACking a punch: Political Action Committees and corruption. Applied Economics, 46(11), 1161–1169. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2013.868589

261 

 

Goel, R. K., & Nelson, M. A. (2014). Whistleblower laws and exposed corruption in the United States. Applied Economics, 46(20), 2331–2341. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.894633

Goel, R. K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2014). Global corruption and the shadow economy: Spatial aspects. Public Choice, 161(1–2), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-013-0135-1

Goel, R., & Mazhar, U. (2015). A Replication of “Corruption and Elections: An Empirical Study for a Cross-section of Countries” (Economics and Politics 2009). Public Finance Review, 43(2), 143.

Goel, R., & Nelson, M. (1998). Corruption and government size: A disaggregated analysis. Public Choice, 97(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004900603583

Goel, R., & Nelson, M. (2011a). Government fragmentation versus fiscal decentralization and corruption. Public Choice, 148(3), 471–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9666-x

Goel, R., & Nelson, M. (2011b). Measures of corruption and determinants of US corruption. Economics of Governance, 12(2), 155–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-010-0091-x

Goel, R., & Rich, D. (1989). On the economic incentives for taking bribes. Public Choice, 61(3), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00123889

Goel, R., & Saunoris, J. (2016). Military Buildups, Economic Development and Corruption. The Manchester School, 84(6), 697.

Goel, R., & Saunoris, J. (2019). International corruption and its impacts across entrepreneurship types. Managerial and Decision Economics, 40(5), 475–487. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3017

Goel, Rajeev K. (2012). Business Regulation and Taxation: Effects on Cross-Country Corruption. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 15(3), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2012.692468

Goel, Rajeev K. (2013). Initiation of corrupt exchanges and severity of corruption. Financial Theory and Practice, 37(2), 207–222.

Goel, Rajeev K. (2014). Insurance fraud and corruption in the United States. Applied Financial Economics, 24(4), 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2013.877570

Goel, Rajeev K., Budak, J., & Rajh, E. (2012a). Factors Driving Bribe Payments: Survey Evidence from Croatia. Transition Studies Review, 19(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11300-012-0233-7

Goel, Rajeev K., Budak, J., & Rajh, E. (2012b). Bureaucratic Monopoly and the Nature and Timing of Bribes: Evidence from Croatian Data. Comparative Economic Studies, 55(1),

262 

 

43–58. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2012.36

Goel, Rajeev K., Budak, J., & Rajh, E. (2015). Private sector bribery and effectiveness of anti-corruption policies. Applied Economics Letters, 22(10), 759–766. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.975326

Goel, Rajeev K., & Hasan, I. (2011). Economy-wide corruption and bad loans in banking: International evidence. Applied Financial Economics, 21(7), 455–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2010.532112

Goel, Rajeev K., & Korhonen, I. (2011). Exports and cross-national corruption: A disaggregated examination. Economic Systems, 35(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2010.10.002

Goel, Rajeev K., & Mazhar, U. (2019). Does capital punishment deter white‐collar crimes? World Economy, 42(6), 1873–1897. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12739

Goel, Rajeev K., Mazhar, U., & Nelson, M. A. (2016). Corruption Across Government Occupations: Cross‐National Survey Evidence. Journal of International Development, 28(8), 1220–1234. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3040

Goel, Rajeev K., & Nelson, M. A. (2005). Economic Freedom versus Political Freedom: Cross-Country Influences on Corruption. Australian Economic Papers, 44(2), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2005.00253.x

Goel, Rajeev K., & Nelson, M. A. (2007). Are corrupt acts contagious?: Evidence from the United States. Journal of Policy Modeling, 29(6), 839–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2007.09.002

Goel, Rajeev K., & Nelson, M. A. (2010). Causes of corruption: History, geography and government. Journal of Policy Modeling, 32(4), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2010.05.004

Goel, Rajeev K., & Nelson, M. A. (2020). Capacity utilization in emerging economy firms: Some new insights related to the role of infrastructure and institutions. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2020.05.011

Goel, Rajeev K., Nelson, M. A., & Naretta, M. A. (2011). The internet as an indicator of corruption awareness. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.08.003

Goel, Rajeev K., & Ram, R. (2013). Economic Uncertainty and Corruption: Evidence from a Large Cross-Country Data Set. Applied Economics, 45(24), 3462–3468. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2012.714073

Goel, Rajeev K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2016). Government Decentralization and Prevalence of the

263 

 

Shadow Economy. 44(2), 263–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142114545677

Goel, Rajeev K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2017). The nexus of white collar crimes: Shadow economy, corruption and uninsured motorists. Applied Economics, 49(31), 3032–3044. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1251570

Goel, Rajeev K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2018). Does variability in crimes affect other crimes? The case of international corruption and shadow economy. Applied Economics, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1494378

Goel, Rajeev K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2020a). A Replication of “Sorting through Global Corruption Determinants: Institutions and Education Matter—Not Culture” (World Development 2018). Public Finance Review, 48(4), 538–567. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142120914278

Goel, Rajeev K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2020b). Design versus utility innovation: Is corruption sanding or greasing the wheels of innovation? Managerial and Decision Economics, 41(5), 848–860. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3142

Goerke, L. (2008). Bureaucratic corruption and profit tax evasion. Economics of Governance, 9(2), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0020-1

Goetz, A. (2008). Political cleaners: Women as the new anti-corruption force?

Gohmann, S. F. (2012). Institutions, Latent Entrepreneurship, and Self-Employment: An International Comparison. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(2), 295–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00406.x

Gokcekus, O. (2008). Is it protestant tradition or current protestant population that affects corruption? Economics Letters, 99(1), 59–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2007.05.029

Gokcekus, O., & Knörich, J. (2006). Does quality of openness affect corruption? Economics Letters, 91(2), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2005.11.015

Gokcekus, O., Muchova, E., & Brincikova, Z. (2015). Level and quality of openness and corruption in the ECA countries. Applied Economics Letters, Journal Article, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1031863

Gokcekus, O., & Muedin, A. (2008). Quantifying corruption by a human capital earnings equation. International Review of Economics, 55(3), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-007-0039-9

Gokcekus, O., & Mukherjee, R. (2002). Public Sector Corruption and Gender Perceptions of Public Officials from Six Developing and Transition Countries. [World Bank].

264 

 

Gokcekus, O., & Myzie, J. (2008). Why and How to Move from Capturing Perception of to Quantifying Corruption. In K. Banaian & B. W. Roberts (Eds.), The design and use of political economy indicators: Challenges of definition, aggregation, and application (1st ed., pp. 139–153). Palgrave Macmillan.

Gokcekus, O., & Sonan, S. (2017). Political contributions and corruption in the United States. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 20(4), 360–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2016.1258312

Gokcekus, O., & Suzuki, Y. (2011). Business Cycle and Corruption. Economics Letters, 111(2), 138–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.01.023

Gokcekus, O., & Suzuki, Y. (2013). Intensity of Trade with the EU and Corruption in Africa. Journal of Economic Integration, 28(4), 610–630. https://doi.org/10.11130/jei.2013.28.4.610

Gokcekus, O., & Suzuki, Y. (2014). Is there a Corruption-effect on Conspicuous Consumption? Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 8(3), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973801014531135

Gokcekus, O., & Suzuki, Y. (2016). Mixing Washington Consensus with Beijing Consensus and Corruption in Africa. Singapore Economic Review, 61(2). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590816400294

Goldbarg, A. (2000). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and structural corruption. Boston University International Law Journal, 18(2), 273–289.

Goldberg, F. (2018). Corruption and lobbying: Conceptual differentiation and gray areas. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(2), 197–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9727-x

Golden, M. (2012). Corruption in the Wealthy World. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 18(2), 75–84.

Golden, M. A. (2003). Electoral connections: The effects of the personal vote on political patronage, bureaucracy and legislation in postwar Italy. British Journal Of Political Science, 33, 189–212. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123402000085

Golden, M., & Chang, E. C. C. (2001). Competitive Corruption: Factional Conflict and Political Malfeasance in Postwar Italian Christian Democracy. World Politics, 53(4), 588–622.

Golden, M., & Picci, L. (2006). Corruption and the Management of Public Works in Italy. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 457–483). Edward Elgar-c2011.

Golden, Miriam A., & Mahdavi, P. (2015). The Institutional Components of Political Corruption. In J. Gandhi (Ed.), Routledge handbook of comparative political institutions. Routledge.

265 

 

Golden, Miriam A., & Picci, L. (2005). Proposal for a New Measure of Corruption, Illustrated with Italian Data. Economics & Politics, 17(1), 37–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2005.00146.x

Golden, N. (2019). Conspicuous Prosecution in the Shadows: Rethinking the Relationship Between the FCPA’s Accounting and Anti-Bribery Provisions. Iowa Law Review, 104(2), 891–925.

Goldfinch, S., Derouen, K., & Pospieszna, P. (2013). Flying Blind? Evidence for Good Governance Public Management Reform Agendas, Implementation and Outcomes in Low Income Countries. Public Administration and Development, 33(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1614

Goldman, E., Rocholl, J., & So, J. (2009). Do Politically Connected Boards Affect Firm Value? Review of Financial Studies, 22(6), 2331–2360. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn088

Goldman, E., Rocholl, J., & So, J. (2013). Politically Connected Boards of Directors and The Allocation of Procurement Contracts. Review of Finance, 17(5), 1617–1648. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfs039

Goldsmith, A. (1999). Slapping the Grasping Hand: Correlates of Political Corruption in Emerging Markets. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 58(4), 865.

Goldsmith, A. A. (2007). Is Governance Reform a Catalyst for Development? Governance, 20(2), 165–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00352.x

Goldstein, D. M. (2018). Already innocent: Radioactive bribes, white-collar corruption and nuclear expertise in Brazil. Culture, Theory and Critique, 59(4), 354–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2018.1514642

Goldstein, D. M., & Drybread, K. (2018). The social life of corruption in Latin America. Culture, Theory and Critique, 59(4), 299–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2018.1531816

Golumbic, C. E., & Adams, J. P. (2011). The “dominant influence” test: The FCPA’s “instrumentality” and “foreign official” requirements and the investment activity of sovereign wealth funds. (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977). American Journal of Criminal Law, 39(1), 1–51.

Gomes, E., & de Alencar, C. (2019). Media as political actor of the public sphere: A textual analysis of Veja magazine on corruption cases. Alfa : Revista de Linguistica, 63(1), 87–117. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-5794-1904-4

Gong, T. (2002). Dangerous Collusion: Corruption as a Collective Venture in Contemporary China. Communist & Post-Communist Studies, 35(1), 85–103.

266 

 

Gong, T. (2011). An “institutional turn” in integrity management in China. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 77(4), 671–686. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852311419391

Gong, Ting. (n.d.-a). Corruption and Local Governance: The Double Identity of Chinese Local Governments in Market Reform. Pacific Review, 19, 85–102.

Gong, Ting. (n.d.-b). Corruption and Reform in China: An Analysis of Unintended Consequences. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 19, 311–327.

Gong, Ting. (2009). The Institutionalization of Party Discipline in China: Dynamics and Dilemmas. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge.

Gong, Ting. (2015). Managing government integrity under hierarchy: Anti-corruption efforts in local China. Journal of Contemporary China, 24(94), 684–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2014.978151

Gong, Ting, & Ma, S. K. (Eds.). (2009). Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge.

Gong, Ting, & Ren, J. (2013). Hard Rules and Soft Constraints: Regulating Conflict of Interest in China. Journal of Contemporary China, 22, 1–17.

Gong, Ting, & Wang, S. (2013). Indicators and Implications of Zero Tolerance of Corruption: The Case of Hong Kong. Social Indicators Research, 112(3):, 569-586.

Gong, Ting, Wang, S., & Li, H. (2019). Sentencing Disparities in Corruption Cases in China. Journal of Contemporary China, 28(116), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2018.1511395

Gong, Ting, Wang, S., & Ren, J. (2015). Corruption in the Eye of the Beholder: Survey Evidence from Mainland China and Hong Kong. International Public Management Journal, 18(3):, 458–482.

Gong, Ting, & Wu, A. M. (2012). Does Increased Civil Service Pay Deter Corruption? Evidence from China. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(2), 192–204.

Gong, Ting, & Xiao, H. (2017). Socially Embedded Anti‐Corruption Governance: Evidence from Hong Kong. Public Administration and Development, 37(3), 176–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1798

Gong, Ting, & Zhou, N. (2015). Corruption and marketization: Formal and informal rules in Chinese public procurement.(Report). 9(1), 63.

Gonzales, M. H., Kovera, M. B., Sullivan, J. L., & Chanley, V. (1995). Private Reactions to Public Transgressions: Predictors of Evaluative Responses to Allegations of Political

267 

 

Misconduct. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(2), 136–148.

Gonzalez, Adrian. (2016). Poverty, oil and corruption: The need for a Quad-Sector Development Partnership (QSDP) in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. Development Policy Review, 34(4), 509–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12164

Gonzalez, Alvaro, Lopez-Cordova, E., & Valladares, E. E. (2007). The incidence of graft on developing-country firms (No 4394, Policy Research Working Paper Series from The World Bank).

Gonzalez, J. A., & Perez-Floriano, L. R. (2015). If You Can’t Take the Heat: Cultural Beliefs about Questionable Conduct, Stigma, Punishment, and Withdrawal among Mexican Police Officers. Organization Studies, 36(5), 665–687. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615571961

González, L., Güth, W., & Levati, M. V. (2007). Speeding up bureaucrats by greasing them: An experimental study. Homo Oeconomicus, 24(1), 5–20.

Gonzalez, R., Mackenna, B., & Muñoz, E. (2019). The experience and perception of corruption: A comparative study in 34 societies. International Journal of Sociology, 49(3), 222–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2019.1605030

González-Fernández, M., & González-Velasco, C. (2014). Shadow economy, corruption and public debt in Spain. Journal of Policy Modeling, 36(6), 1101.

Gonzalez‐Ocantos, E., De Jonge, C. K., Meléndez, C., Osorio, J., & Nickerson, D. W. (2012). Vote Buying and Social Desirability Bias: Experimental Evidence from Nicaragua. American Journal of Political Science, 56(1), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00540.x

Gonzalez-Ocantos, E., & Hidalgo, V. (2019). Lava Jato beyond Borders: The Uneven Performance of Anticorruption Judicial Efforts in Latin America. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 15(1), 63–89.

Gonzalez-Trejo, E. S. (2007). Corruption and Culture: A Relationship Comparison Between 1996 and 2004. Central Business Review, 26(1–2), 23–28.

Good, K. (1994). Corruption and Mismanagement in Botswana: A Best-Case Example? The Journal of Modern African Studies, 32(3), 499–521.

Goodhand, J. (2008). Corruption or Consolidating the Peace? The Drugs Economy and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding in Afghanistan. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 405–423.

Goodpaster, G. (2002). Reflections on Corruption in Indonesia. In H. Dick & T. Lindsy (Eds.), Corruption in Asia Rethinking The Governance Paradigm. The Federation Press.

268 

 

Goodspeed, T., Martinez-Vazquez, J., & Zhang, Jl. (2007). Are Government Policies More Important Than Taxation in Attracting FDI? (International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU No. paper0702). International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University. https://ideas.repec.org/p/ays/ispwps/paper0702.html

Goodspeed, T., Martinez-Vazquez, J., & Zhang, L. (2011). Public Policies and FDI Location: Differences Between Developing and Developed Countries. Public Finance Analysis, 67(2), 171–191.

Goossen, M., Johansson Sevä, I., & Larsson, D. (2016). Basic human values and white-collar crime: Findings from Europe. European Journal Of Criminology, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370816633260

Gopinath, C. (2008). Recognizing and Justifying Private Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(3), 747–754. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9589-8

Gordon, D. (2014). Protecting the Integrity of the U.S. Federal Procurement System: Conflict of Interest Rules and Aspects of the System that Help Reduce Corruption. In Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach (pp. 39–52). Edward Elgar.

Gordon, J. (2019). The Legitimation of Extrajudicial Violence in an Urban Community. Social Forces, 98(3), 1174–1195. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz015

Gordon, K., & Miyake, M. (2001). Business approaches to combating bribery: A study of codes of conduct. Journal of Business Ethics, 34(3/4), 161–173. Arts & Humanities Database; ProQuest Business Collection; ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection.

Gordon, L. A., Loeb, M. P., & Zhu, W. (2012). The impact of IFRS adoption on foreign direct investment. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 31(4), 374–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2012.06.001

Gordon, M. B. (2017). Bribery and Corruption in Public Service Delivery: Experience from the Ghana Judicial Service (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2922519). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2922519

Gordon, R., & Li, W. (2009). Tax structures in developing countries: Many puzzles and a possible explanation. Journal of Public Economics, 93(7–8), 855–866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.04.001

Gordon, S. C., & Huber, G. A. (2009). The Political Economy of Prosecution. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 5(1), 135–156. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.093008.131458

Gordon, Sanford. (2009). Assessing Partisan Bias in Federal Public Corruption Prosecutions. The

269 

 

American Political Science Review, 103(4), 534–554. ProQuest Business Collection; ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990207

Gordon, Sarah. (2016). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Prosecute Corruption and End Transnational Illegal Logging. Boston College.Law School.Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 43(1), 111–144.

Gore, M. L., Ratsimbazafy, J., & Lute, M. L. (2013). Rethinking Corruption in Conservation Crime: Insights from Madagascar. Conservation Letters, 6(6), 430–438. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12032

Gorman, T. O. (2015). The Origins of the FCPA: Lessons for Effective Compliance and Enforcement. Securities Regulation Law Journal, 43(1), 43.

Gorodnichenko, Y., & Sabirianova Peter, K. (2007). Public Sector Pay and Corruption: Measuring Bribery from Micro Data. Journal of Public Economics, 91(5–6), 963–991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.12.003

Gorsira, M., Denkers, A., & Huisman, W. (2018). Both Sides of the Coin: Motives for Corruption Among Public Officials and Business Employees. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(1), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3219-2

Gorsira, M., Huisman, W., Denkers, A., & Steg, L. (2021). Why Dutch officials take bribes: A toxic mix of factors. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 75(1), 45–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-020-09919-w

Gorsira, M., Steg, L., Denkers, A., & Huisman, W. (2018). Corruption in Organizations: Ethical Climate and Individual Motives. Administrative Sciences, 8(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8010004

Gorta, angela, & Forell, suzie. (1995). Layers of decision: Linking social definitions of corruption and willingness to take action. Crime, Law and Social Change, 23(4), 315–343.

Gorta, A. (1998). Minimising corruption: Applying lessons from the crime prevention literature. Crime, Law and Social Change, 30(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008352924634

Gossel, S. J. (2018). FDI, democracy and corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Policy Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2018.04.001

Gotsadze, G., Bennett, S., Ranson, K., & Gzirishvili, D. (2005). Health care-seeking behaviour and out-of-pocket payments in Tbilisi, Georgia. Health Policy and Planning, 20(4), 232–242. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czi029

Gottlieb, J. (2016). Greater Expectations: A Field Experiment to Improve Accountability in Mali.

270 

 

American Journal of Political Science, 60(1), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12186

Gouda, M., & Sang-Min, P. (2015). Religious Loyalty and Acceptance of Corruption. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 184–206.

Goudie, A., & Stasavage, D. (1997). Corruption: The Issues (OECD Development Centre Working Paper No. 122).

Goudie, A. W., & Stasavage, D. (1998). A framework for the analysis of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 29(2), 113–159. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008369307796

Gould, D., & Amaro-Reyes, J. (1983). The effects of corruption on administrative performance: Illustrations from developing countries (World Bank staff working papers ; no. 580. Management and development series ; 7).

Gould, W. (2017). Paper, public works and politics: Tracing archives of corruption in 1940s-1950s Uttar Pradesh, India. Contemporary South Asia, 25(1), 38–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2017.1292214

Goyal, K. S., Kanade, S. R., & Shenoy, V. (2015). Analyzing the causal relationship between corruption levels & industrial-economic development. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 5(2), 247–257.

Goyal, K., & Singh, V. (2019). Demonetization In India- The Journey So Far. Productivity, 60(2), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2019.60.02.8

Goyette, J. (2014). The determinants of the size distribution of firms in Uganda. The European Journal of Development Research, 26(4), 456–472. European Business Database; ProQuest Business Collection. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2014.15

Goyette, J., & Gallipoli, G. (2015). Distortions, efficiency and the size distribution of firms. Journal of Macroeconomics, 45(C), 202–221.

Graeff, P. (2005). Why Should One Trust in Corruption? The Linkage Between Corruption, Trust, Norms, and Social Capital. In The New Institutional Economics of Corruption (pp. 21–42).

Graeff, P. (2016). Social Mechanisms of Corruption: Analytical Sociology and Its Applicability to Corruption Research. Analyse & Kritik, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/auk-2016-0104

Graeff, P., & Mehlkop, G. (2003). The Impact of Economic Freedom on Corruption: Different Patterns for Rich and Poor Countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(3), 605–620.

Graeff, P., Mehlkop, G., & Neumann, R. (2008). Cut Government, But the Right Part of It – The

271 

 

Impact of Fiscal and Quasi-Fiscal Regulations on Corruption. In Unterstützung und Ausgrenzung durch sozialen Zusammenhalt. Human- und Sozialkapital in der empirischen soziologischen Forschung. Dresdner Beiträge zur Soziologie (pp. 135–153).

Graeff, P., & Svendsen, G. T. (2013). Trust and corruption: The influence of positive and negative social capital on the economic development in the European Union. Quality & Quantity, 47(5), 2829–2846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-012-9693-4

Grafstein, R., Han, R., & Zhang, W. (2020). Political Corruption and Private Investment: The Case of China (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3518489). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3518489

Graham, B., & Stroup, C. (2016). Does anti-bribery enforcement deter foreign investment? Applied Economics Letters; Appl.Econ.Lett., 23(1), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1049333

Graham, C. (2011). Adaptation amidst prosperity and adversity: Insights from happiness studies from around the world. The World Bank Research Observer, 26(1 (February 2011)), 105–137.

Graham, C., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2009). Well-being and Public Attitudes in Afghanistan. World Economics, 10(3), 105–147.

Graham, C., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2008). Public Opinion Trends in Latin America (and the US): How Strong is Support for Markets, Democracy, and Regional Integration? Second Meeting of the Brookings Partnership for the Americas Commission, July, 14. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=4169118273636589276&hl=en&oi=scholarr

Graham, J. L. (1984). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A New Perspectice. Journal of International Business Studies, 15(3), 107–121.

Gramckow, H. (2011). Preventing Corruption in Prosecutors Office: Understanding Managing for Integrity. World Bank and Justice & Development Working Paper 15.

Grande, M., & Teixeira, A. A. (2012). Corruption and multinational companies’ entry modes. Do linguistic and historical ties matter? South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 15(3), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v15i3.218

Grandes, M., & Coremberg, A. (2020). Corruption accounting and growth: Towards a new methodology. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2019-0039

Granovetter, M. (2007). The Social Construction of Corruption. In On Capitalism (pp. 152–172). Stanford University Press.

Grasso, C. (2019). Corruption in World Bank-Financed Development Projects: A

272 

 

Phenomenon-Focused Examination (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3329392). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3329392

Gratton, G. (2015). The sound of silence: Political accountability and libel law. European Journal of Political Economy, 37(Journal Article), 266–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.09.007

Gray, Cheryl W., & Kaufmann, D. (1998). Corruption and Development. Finance and Development, 35(1), 7–10.

Gray, C.W., & Ryterman, R. (2004). Anticorruption in Transition 2: Corruption Enterprise-State Interactions in Europe and Central Asia, 1999-2002. World Bank.

Gray, H. (2015). The Political Economy of Grand Corruption in Tanzania. African Affairs, 114(456), 382.

Gray, L. (2012). Recovering Corruptly Obtained Assets. In Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar.

Graycar, A. (2014). Awareness of Corruption in the Community and Public Service: A Victorian Study: Awareness of Corruption in the Community and Public Service. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 73(2), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12081

Graycar, A. (2015). Corruption: Classification and Analysis. Policy and Society, 34(2).

Graycar, A. (2019). Mapping corruption in procurement. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 162–178. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-06-2018-0063

Graycar, A., & Jancsics, D. (2017). Gift Giving and Corruption. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(12), 1013–1023. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2016.1177833

Graycar, A., & Masters, A. B. (2018). Preventing malfeasance in low corruption environments: Twenty public administration responses. Journal of Financial Crime, 25(1), 170–186.

Graycar, A., & Monaghan, O. (2015). Rich Country Corruption. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(8), 586.

Graycar, A., & Prenzler, T. (2013). Understanding and Preventing Corruption. Pargrave Pivot.

Graycar, A., & Sidebottom, A. (n.d.). Corruption and Control: A Corruption Reduction Appraoch. Journal of Financial Crime, 19(4), 384–399.

Graycar, A., & Villa, D. (2011). The Loss of Governance Capacity through Corruption. Governance, 24(3), 419–438.

Gray-Molina, Perez de Rada, E., & Yanez, E. (1999). Transparency and Accountability in

273 

 

Bolivia: Does Voice Matter? (IADB Working Paper #R381). IADB Working Paper #R381.

Graziano Abrate, Federico Boffa, Fabrizio Erbetta, & Davide Vannoni. (2018). Voters’ Information, Corruption, and the Efficiency of Local Public Services. Sustainability, 10(12), 4775. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124775

Grechyna, D. (2012). Public Corruption and Public Debt: Some Empirical Evidence [Working Paper].

GRECO. (2011). Lessons Learnt from the Three Evaluation Rounds (2000-2010). GRECO.

Green, A. J. (2012). United States v. Renzi: Reigning in the Speech or Debate Clause to Fight Corruption in Congress Post-Rayburn. Brigham Young University Law Review, 2012(2), 493–508. ProQuest Business Collection.

Green, E. (2010). Patronage, District Creation, and Reform in Uganda. Studies in Comparative International Development, 45(1), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-009-9058-8

Green, P, & Ward, T. (2005). What’s Wrong with Bribery. In Defining Crimes: Essays on Special Part of the Criminal Law. Oxford University Press.

Green, Penny. (2005). Disaster by Design: Corruption, Construction and Catastrophe. British Journal of Criminology, 45(4), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azi036

Green, Penny, & Ward, T. (2004). State crime: Governments, violence and corruption. Pluto Press.

Green, S. P. (2013). Official and commercial bribery: Should they be distinguished? In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 39–65). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A012

Greene, I., & Shugarman, D. (1997). Honest Politics: Seeking Integrity in Canadian Public Life. James Lorimer & Company.

Greenhill, K. (2009). Kleptocratic Interdependence: Trafficking, Corruption, and the Marriage of Politics and Illicit Profits. In Corruption, Global Security, and World Order (pp. 96–123). Brookings Institution Press.

Greenidge, K., McIntyre, A., & Yun, H. (2016). Structural Reform and Growth: What Really Matters? Evidence from the Caribbean (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2844160). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2844160

Greenlee, J. (2006). An Investigation of fraud in nonprofit organizations: Occurrences and deterrents. Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, John FKennedy School of Government, Harvard University.

274 

 

http://www.ksghauser.harvard.edu/PDF_XLS/workingpapers/workingpaper_35.pdf

Grega, M., Orviska, M., Nemec, J., & Lawson, C. (2019). Factors Determining the Efficiency of Slovak Public Procurement. Network of Institutes and Schools of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe. The NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 12(1), 43–68. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2019-0002

Gregory, R. (1999). Social Capital Theory and Administrative Reform: Maintaining Ethical Probity in Public Service. Public Administration Review, 59(1), 63–63.

Gregory, R. (2015). Political independence, operational impartiality, and the effectiveness of anti-corruption agencies. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 125–125.

Gregory, R. (2016). Combating corruption in Vietnam: A commentary. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 227–243.

Gretschko, V., & Wambach, A. (2016). Procurement under public scrutiny: Auctions versus negotiations. Rand Journal Of Economics, 47(4), 914–934. https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-2171.12159

Greve, H., Palmer, D., & Pozner, J.-E. (2010). Organizations Gone Wild: The Causes, Processes, and Consequences of Organizational Misconduct. The Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 53–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416521003654186

Gricius, G. (2019). Transitional Justice: Lustration and Vetting in Ukraine and Georgia. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 5(2), 26–42.

Griffin, C. C. (2009). Reducing Corruption in the Health and Education Sectors. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, Global Security and World ORder (pp. 430–456). Brookings Institution Press.

Griffin, J. M., Liu, C., & Shu, T. (2016). Is the Chinese Anti-Corruption Campaign Effective? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2779429). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2779429

Griffin, L. K. (2011). The federal common law crime of corruption. North Carolina Law Review, 89(5), 1815–1847.

Griffith, S. J. (2016). Corporate Governance in an Era of Compliance. William and Mary Law Review, 57(6), 2075.

Griffith, S. J., & Lee, T. H. (2019). Toward an Interest Group Theory of Foreign Anti-Corruption Laws. University of Illinois Law Review, 2019(4), 1227–1266.

Griffiths, M. D., Kickul, J., & Carsrud, A. L. (2009). Government Bureaucracy, Transactional Impediments, and Entrepreneurial Intentions. International Small Business Journal,

275 

 

27(5), 626–645. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242609338752

Grigoli, F., & Mills, Z. (2011). Do high and volatile levels of public investment suggest misconduct? The role of institutional quality (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5735). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1895964

Grigorescu, A. (2006). The Corruption Eruption in East-Central Europe: The Increased Salience of Corruption and the Role of Intergovernmental Organizations. East European Politics & Societies, 20(3), 516–549. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325405276655

Grigor′ev, L., & Ovchinnikov, M. (2009). Corruption as an Obstacle to Modernization. Problems of Economic Transition, 51(11), 40–61. https://doi.org/10.2753/PET1061-1991511103

Grigorie, L. (2018). Theoretical Approach of Corruption Complexity in Public Organisations. Annals of the University of Craiova: Economic Sciences Series, 1(46), 124–134.

Grimes, M. (2008a). Contestation or complicity: Civil society as antidote or accessory to political corruption [Working Paper]. http://swepub.kb.se/bib/swepub:oai:services.scigloo.org:86377?tab2=abs&language=en

Grimes, M. (2008b). The conditions of successful civil society involvement in combating corruption: A survey of case study evidence [Working Paper]. http://cmspres-vir-1.it.gu.se/digitalAssets/1350/1350673_2008_22_grimes.pdf

Grimes, M. (2013). The contingencies of societal accountability examining the link between civil society and good government. Studies in Comparative International Development, 48(4), 380–402.

Grimes, M., & Wängnerud, L. (2010). Curbing Corruption Through Social Welfare Reform? The Effects of Mexico’s Conditional Cash Transfer Program on Good Government. The American Review of Public Administration, 40(6), 671–690. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074009359025

Grimm, D. J. (2010). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in Merger and Acquisition Transactions: Successor Liability and its Consequences. New York University Journal of Law & Business, 7, 247–931.

Grimmelikhuijsen, S., Porumbescu, G., Hong, B., & Im, T. (2013). The Effect of Transparency on Trust in Government: A Cross-National Comparative Experiment. Public Administration Review, 73(4), 575–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12047

Gritten, D., Breukink, G., Mo, K., & Delattre, E. (2019). Assessing Forest Governance in the Countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion. Forests, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/f10010047

Grødeland, Å. B. (2010). Elite perceptions of anti-corruption efforts in Ukraine. Global Crime,

276 

 

11(2), 237–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669241

Grødeland, Å. B., & Aasland, A. (2011). Fighting corruption in public procurement in post-communist states: Obstacles and solutions. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 44(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2011.01.004

Grodeland, A. B., Koshechkina, T. Y., & Miller, W. L. (1998). “Foolish to Give and Yet More Foolish Not to Take”. In-Depth Interviews with Post-Communist Citizens on Their Everyday Use of Bribes and Contacts. Europe-Asia Studies, 50(4), 651–677.

Groenendijk, N. (1997). A principal-agent model of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3), 207–229. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008267601329

Grönlund, K., & Setälä, M. (2012). In Honest Officials We Trust. The American Review of Public Administration, 42(5), 523–542. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074011412946

Grooms, K. (2015). Enforcing the Clean Water Act: The effect of state-level corruption on compliance. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 73(Journal Article), 50.

Groop, C. (2017). Controlling the unruly agents—Linkages between accountability and corruption within the executive structures of Botswana. Journal of Contemporary African Studies : JCAS, 35(1), 34–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2016.1248549

Groseclose, T., & Krehbiel, K. (1994). Golden Parachutes, Rubber Checks, and Strategic Retirements from the 102d House. American Journal of Political Science, 38(1), 75–99. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111336

Grosfeld, I., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2015). Cultural vs. Economic legacies of empires: Evidence from the partition of Poland. Journal of Comparative Economics, 43(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.11.004

Grosjean, P., Ricka, F., & Senik, C. (2013). Learning, political attitudes and crises: Lessons from transition countries. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(2), 490–505.

Gross, J., & Leib, M. (2018). Ethical Free Riding: When Honest People Find Dishonest Partners. Psychological Science, 29(12), 1956–1968. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618796480

Grossi, G., & Pianezzi, D. (2016). The new public corruption: Old questions for new challenges. Accounting Forum. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2016.05.002

Grubiša, D. (2011). Anti-corruption Policy in Croatia: Benchmark for EU Accession. Croatian Political Science Review, 47(5), 69–95.

Gu, Z., Liu, L., Tan, X., Liang, Y., Dang, J., Wei, C., Ren, D., Su, Q., & Wang, G. (2019). Does power corrupt? The moderating effect of status. International Journal of Psychology :

277 

 

Journal International de Psychologie. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12629

Gualtieri, D. (2013). A helping hand: The influence of the 1997 OECD convention in the Italian fight against corruption. Int. J. of Public Law and Policy, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPLAP.2013.054749

Guardado, J. (2018). Office-Selling, Corruption, and Long-Term Development in Peru. American Political Science Review, 112(4), 971–995. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000305541800045X

Guasch, J. L., Laffont, J.-J., & Straub, S. (2008). Renegotiation of concession contracts in Latin America: Evidence from the water and transport sectors. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 26(2), 421–442.

Guasch, J. L., & Straub, S. (2009). Corruption and concession renegotiations: Evidence from the water and transport sectors in latin america. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 185–190.

Guccio, C., Lisi, D., & Rizzo, I. (2019). When the purchasing officer looks the other way: On the waste effects of debauched local environment in public works execution. Economics of Governance, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-019-00223-5

Guccio, C., Pignataro, G., & Rizzo, I. (2018). Is competition able to counteract the inefficiency of corruption? The case of Italian public works. Economia e Politica Industriale, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-017-0086-5

Gueorguiev, D., & Malesky, E. (2012). Foreign Investment and Bribery: A Firm-Level Analysis of Corruption in Vietnam. Journal of Asian Economics, 23(2), 111–129.

Guerrero, M. A., & Rodríguez-Oreggia, E. (2008). On the individual decisions to commit corruption: A methodological complement. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 65(2), 357–372.

Guerrini, R., & Guidi, D. (2013). Bribery in Italy: An outlook on present laws and perspectives on reform. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 97–127). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A015

Guerzovich, F., Chies Schommer, P., Menezes, O., & Cristina, E. (2018). Between Law, Technocracy and Politics: Is Brazilian State-Society Learning to Fight Corruption? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3251441). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3251441

Guetat, I. (2006). The effects of corruption on growth performance of the MENA countries. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30(2), 208–221.

Gugiu, M. R. (2012). EU Enlargement and Anticorruption: Lessons Learned from Romania.

278 

 

Journal of European Integration, 34(5), 429–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2011.595487

Guha, S., Rahim, N., Panigrahi, B., & Ngo, A. D. (2020). Does Corruption Act as a Deterrent to Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries? Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 11(1), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.15388/omee.2020.11.21

Guinn, D. E., & Straussman, J. D. (2016). Improving the Budget Process in Fragile and Conflict-Ridden States: Two Modest Lessons from Afghanistan. Public Administration Review, 76(2), 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12397

Guiso, L., Sapienza, P., & Zingales, L. (2003). People’s opium? Religion and economic attitudes. Journal of Monetary Economics, 50(1), 225–282.

Gulati, M., & Rao, M. Y. (2007). Corruption in the electricity sector: A pervasive scourge. In The many faces of corruption: Tracking vulnerabilities at the sector level (pp. 115–157). World Bank.

Gullies, A., & Heuty, A. (2011). Does Transparency Work? The Challenges Of Measurement And Effectiveness In Resource-Rich Countries. Yale Journal of International Affairs, 6(2), 25–42.

Gundlach, E., & Paldam, M. (2009). The transition of corruption: From poverty to honesty. Economics Letters, 103(3), 146–148.

Gunduz, M., & Önder, O. (2013). Corruption and Internal Fraud in the Turkish Construction Industry. Science and Engineering Ethics, 19(2), 505–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-012-9356-9

Guney, T. (2017). Governance and sustainable development: How effective is governance? Journal Of International Trade & Economic Development, 26(3), 316–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2016.1249391

Gunnar, H. K. (2015). Political control and perceptions of corruption in Icelandic local government. Stjórnmál Og Stjórnsýsla, 11(1), 1.

Gunter, F. R. (2017). Corruption, costs, and family: Chinese capital flight, 1984–2014. China Economic Review, 43, 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2017.01.010

Günther G. Schulze, U. of F., & Nikita Zakharov, U. of F. (2016). Corruption in Russia. Journal of Law & Economics, 59, 135–477.

Guo, C. (2018). The Impact of the Anti-Corruption Campaign on the Relationship between Political Connections and Preferential Bank Loans: The Case of China. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1454306

279 

 

Guo, L., Su, C., & Lee, H. (2019). Effects of Issue Involvement, News Attention, Perceived Knowledge, and Perceived Influence of Anti-Corruption News on Chinese Students’ Political Participation. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 96(2), 452–472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699018790945

Guo, Xiajuan, & Tu, W. (2017). Corruption tolerance and its influencing factors—The case of China’s civil servants. Journal of Chinese Governance, 2(3), 307–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2017.1342897

Guo, Xuezhi. (2014). Controlling Corruption in the Party: China’s Central Discipline Inspection Commission. China Quarterly, 219(Journal Article), 597–624. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741014000770

Guo, Y. (2008). Corruption in Transitional China: An Empirical Analysis. The China Quarterly, 194. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741008000416

Guo, Y., & Li, S. (2015). Anti- corruption measures in China: Suggestions for reforms. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 7–7.

Gupta, A. (1995). Blurred boundaries: The discourse of corruption, the culture of politics, and the imagined state. American Ethnologist, 22(2), 375–402.

Gupta, A. (2005a). Narrating the state of corruption. In Corruption: Anthropological perspectives (pp. 173–193).

Gupta, A. (2005b). Narratives of corruption. Ethnography, 6(1), 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138105055663

Gupta, K. (2017). Are Oil and Gas Firms More Likely To Engage in Unethical Practices Than Other Firms? Energy Policy, 100, 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.10.009

Gupta, Kirti, & Ahmed, S. (2018). Determinants of FDI in South Asia: Does corruption matter? Int. J. of Economics and Business Research, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2018.094009

Gupta, M. R., & Chaudhuri, S. (1997). Formal credit, corruption and the informal credit market in agriculture: A theoretical analysis. Economica, 64(254), 331–343.

Gupta, Sanjeev, Davoodi, H., & Alonso-Terme, R. (2002). Does corruption affect income inequality and poverty? Economics of Governance, 3(1), 23–45.

Gupta, Sanjeev, Davoodi, H. R., & Tiongson, E. (2000). Corruption and the provision of health care and education services (IMF Working Paper No. 00/116). International Monetary Fund. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=akYazkEN2pIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Gupta,+Sanjeev,+Hamid+Davoodi+%26+Erwin+Tiongson.+2000.+Corruption+and+the

280 

 

+Provision+of+Health+Care+and+Education+Services&ots=yCKCa4Kx6z&sig=DPRfu9CwxSVqumVKW5lGNQaZV0o

Gupta, Sanjeev, De Mello, L., & Sharan, R. (2001). Corruption and military spending. European Journal of Political Economy, 17(4), 749–777.

Gupta, Sen, & Abhijit. (2007). Determinants of Tax Revenue Efforts in Developing Countries (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1007933). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1007933

Gurgur, T. (2016). Voice, exit and local capture in public provision of private goods. Economics of Governance, 17(4), 397–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-016-0186-0

Gurgur, T., & Shah, A. (2005). Localization and corruption: Panacea or pandora’s box? (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3486). World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ed3bLknFeTQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Localization+and+Corruption:+Panacea+or+Pandora%E2%80%99s+Box%3F&ots=qatQJ2RdWC&sig=jwYJr6dvXniMS9MWssMZuh4pL88

Guriev, S. (2004). Red tape and corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 73(2), 489–504.

Gurkaynak, G., Kama, C. O., Ozkanh, C., & Ergun, B. (2016). A Comparative Analysis of the Perception Differences Between Competition Law and Anti-Corruption Law. Business Law Review (UK), 37(3), 94–95.

Gustavson, M., & Rothstein, B. (2013). Can Auditing Generate Trust? The Organization of Auditing and the Quality of Government. In Trust and Organizations (pp. 41–63). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137368812_3

Gustavson, M., & Sundström, A. (2016). Organizing the Audit Society: Does Good Auditing Generate Less Public Sector Corruption? Administration & Society, 50(10), 0095399716674306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399716674306

Gutierrez‐Garcia, J. O., & Rodríguez, L. (2016). Corruptible social agents. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 27(2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/cav.1613

Gutierrez-Garcia, J., & Rodríguez, L.-F. (2016). Social determinants of police corruption: Toward public policies for the prevention of police corruption. Policy Studies, Journal Article, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2016.1144735

Gutmann, J. (2015). Believe, But Verify? The Effect of Market Structure on Corruption in Religious Organizations. Kyklos, 68(2), 153.

Gutmann, J., Padovano, F., & Voigt, S. (2015). Perception vs. experience: Explaining differences in corruption measures using microdata [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2659349

281 

 

Gutterman, E. (2017). Poverty, corruption, trade, or terrorism? Strategic framing in the politics of UK anti-bribery compliance. British Journal Of Politics & International Relations, 19(1), 152–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148116681731

Gutterman, Ellen. (2014). The legitimacy of transnational NGOs: Lessons from the experience of Transparency International in Germany and France. Review of International Studies, 40(02), 391–418.

Gutterman, Ellen. (2015). Easier done than said: Transnational bribery, norm resonance, and the origins of the US foreign corrupt practices act. Foreign Policy Analysis, 11(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/fpa.12027

Gutterman, Ellen. (2019). Banning Bribes Abroad: US Enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and its impact on the global governance of corruption. European Political Science: EPS, 18(2), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-018-0153-z

Gutterman, Ellen, & Lane, A. (2017). Beyond LAVs: Corruption, commercialization and the Canadian defence industry. Canadian Foreign Policy, 23(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2016.1254663

Gutterman, Ellen, & Lohaus, M. (2018). What is the “Anti-corruption” Norm in Global Politics? In Corruption and Norms (pp. 241–268). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66254-1_12

Guvenli, T., & Sanyal, R. (2012). Perception and understanding of bribery in international business. Ethics & Behavior, 22(5), 333–348.

Gyimah-Brempong, K. (2002). Corruption, economic growth, and income inequality in Africa. Economics of Governance, 3(3), 183–209.

Gyimah-Brempong, K., & De Camacho, S. M. (2006). Corruption, growth, and income distribution: Are there regional differences? Economics of Governance, 7(3), 245–269.

Haarhuis, C. K., & Leeuw, F. L. (2004). Fighting governmental corruption: The new World Bank programme evaluated. Journal of International Development, 16(4), 547–561.

Haarhuis, C. K., & Torenvlied, R. (2006). Dimensions and alignments in the African anti-corruption debate. Acta Politica, 41(1), 41–67.

Haarhuis, K. (2005). Promoting anti-corruption reforms. Evaluating the implementation of a World Bank anti-Corruption program in seven African countries (1999-2001). Utrecht University. http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/7131

Haass, F., & Ottmann, M. (2017). Profits from Peace: The Political Economy of Power-Sharing and Corruption. World Development, 99, 60–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.006

282 

 

Habbe, A. H., Rasyid, S., Arif, H., & Muda, I. (2019). Measuring Internal Auditor’s Intention to Blow the Whistle (A Quasi-Experiment of Internal Auditors in the Local Government). Verslas: Teorija Ir Praktika, 20(1), 224–233.

Haber, S., & Menaldo, V. (2011). Do Natural Resources Fuel Authoritarianism? A Reappraisal of the Resource Curse. American Political Science Review, 105(1), 1–26.

Haberfeld, M. R., Klockars, C. B., Ivkovic, S. K., & Pagon, M. (2000). Police officer perceptions of the disciplinary consequences of police corruption in Croatia, Poland, Slovenia and the United States. Police Practice and Research, 1, 41–72.

Habib, M., & Zurawicki, L. (2001). Country-level investments and the effect of corruption—Some empirical evidence. International Business Review, 10(6), 687–700.

Habib, M., & Zurawicki, L. (2002a). Corruption and foreign direct investment. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(2), 291–307.

Habib, M., & Zurawicki, L. (2002b). Corruption in the context of international business: Conceptual and methodological issues. Journal of Transnational Management Development, 6(3–4), 167–180.

Habib, S., Abdelmonen, S., & Khaled, M. (2020). The Effect of Corruption on the Environmental Quality in African Countries: A Panel Quantile Regression Analysis. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 11(2), 788–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-018-0571-8

Habibov, N. (2009a). Determinants of out-of-pocket expenditures on prescribed medications in Tajikistan: Implications for healthcare sector reform. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 23(2), 170–182. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777260910960911

Habibov, N. (2009b). What determines healthcare utilization and related out-of-pocket expenditures in Tajikistan? Lessons from a national survey. International Journal of Public Health, 54(4), 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-8044-2

Habibov, N. (2010). Hospitalization in Tajikistan: Determinants of admission, length of stay, and out-of-pocket expenditures. Results of a national survey. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 25(3), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.972

Habibov, N. (2016). Effect of corruption on healthcare satisfaction in post-soviet nations: A cross-country instrumental variable analysis of twelve countries. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 152(Journal Article), 119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.044

Habibov, N., & Cheung, A. (2016). The impact of unofficial out-of-pocket payments on satisfaction with education in Post-Soviet countries. International Journal of Educational

283 

 

Development, 49(Journal Article), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.02.002

Habibov, N., & Cheung, A. (2017). Revisiting informal payments in 29 transitional countries: The scale and socio-economic correlates. Social Science & Medicine, 178, 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.003

Habibullah, M. S., Hdin, B., & Abdul Hamid, B. (2016). Good governance and crime rates in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Economics, 43(3), 308–320.

Habiyaremye, A., & Raymond, W. (2018). How do foreign firms’ corruption practices affect innovation performance in host countries? Industry-level evidence from transition economies. Innovation, 20(1), 18–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2017.1367626

Hacek, M., Kukovic, S., & Brezovsek, M. (2013). Problems of corruption and distrust in political and administrative institutions in Slovenia. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 46(2), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2013.03.004

Hafner, O. (1998). The role of corruption in the misappropriation of tropical forest resources and in tropical forest destruction. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=GB2013200727

Hagenbuch, S. (2012). Taming Instrumentality: The FCPA’s Legislative History Requires Proof of Government Control. U. Chi. Legal F., 351.

Hagene, T. (2019). Grand corruption in Mexico: The convenient disappearance of an agrarian community. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 108, 43–64. https://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.10452

Haggard, S., MacIntyre, A., & Tiede, L. (2008). The Rule of Law and Economic Development. Annual Review of Political Science, 11(1), 205–234. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.081205.100244

Haider, Z. A., Liu, M., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Government ownership, financial constraint, corruption, and corporate performance: International evidence. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 53, 76–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2017.09.012

Hajhoseiny, S., Fathi, Z., & Shafiei, H. (2019). Are Those with Darker Personality Traits more Willing to Corrupt When They Feel Anxious? Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 451–479. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijms.2019.266704.673335

Hakhverdian, A., & Mayne, Q. (2012). Institutional Trust, Education, and Corruption: A Micro-Macro Interactive Approach. The Journal of Politics, 74(3), 739–750. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381612000412

Hakimi, A., & Hamdi, H. (2017). Does corruption limit FDI and economic growth? Evidence

284 

 

from MENA countries. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 12(3), 550–571. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-06-2015-0118

Hakkala, K. N., Norbäck, P.-J., & Svaleryd, H. (2008). Asymmetric Effects of Corruption on FDI: Evidence from Swedish Multinational Firms. Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(4), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.4.627

Halim, N. (2008). Testing alternative theories of bureaucratic corruption in less developed countries. Social Science Quarterly, 89(1), 236–257.

Halkos, George E., Sundström, A., & Tzeremes, N. G. (2015). Regional environmental performance and governance quality: A nonparametric analysis. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 17(4), 621–644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-015-0106-5

Halkos, George Emm, & Tzeremes, N. G. (2010). Corruption and Economic Efficiency: Panel Data Evidence. Global Economic Review, 39(4), 441–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2010.533854

Hall, D. (1999). Privatisation, multinationals, and corruption. Development in Practice, 9(5), 539–556.

Hall, K. (2013). Strategic Privatisation of Transnational Anti-Corruption Regulation. Australian Journal of Corporate Law, 28(1), 60.

Hall, R. E., & Jones, C. I. (1999). Why do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker than Others? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(1), 83–116. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355399555954

Hall, R. L., & Van Houweling, R. P. (1995). Avarice and ambition in Congress: Representatives’ decisions to run or retire from the US House. American Political Science Review, 89(01), 121–136.

Hall, Robert E., & Jones, C. I. (1999). Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others? National bureau of economic research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w6564

Hall, T., & Yago, G. (2000). Estimating the cost of opacity using sovereign bond spreads (Milken Institute Policy Brief No. 13).

Hallagan, W. (2010). Corruption in dictatorships. Economics of Governance, 11(1), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-009-0066-y

Hallak, J., & Poisson, M. (2007). Corrupt schools, corrupt universities: What can be done? International Institute for Education Planning. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTHDOFFICE/Resources/5485726-1239047988859

285 

 

/5995659-1239051886394/5996104-1239987975295/25.Nov_12_paper_Hallak_and_Poisson_2007_Corrupt_schools.pdf

Halleröd, B., Rothstein, B., Daoud, A., & Nandy, S. (2013). Bad governance and poor children: A comparative analysis of government efficiency and severe child deprivation in 68 low-and middle-income countries. World Development, 48, 19–31.

Hall-Matthews, D. (2007). Tickling Donors and Tackling Opponents: The Anti-Corruption Campaign in Malawi. In Corruption and Development: The Anti-Corruption Campaigns (pp. 77–102). Springer. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230590625_4

Hallward-Driemeier, M. (2009). Who survives? The impact of corruption, competition and property rights across firms (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5084). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1492564

Hallward-Driemeier, M., & Aterido, R. (2009). Comparing Apples with.... Apples: How to make (more) sense of subjective rankings of constraints to business. Apples: How to Make (More) Sense of Subjective Rankings of Constraints to Business (September 1, 2009). World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series, Vol. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1476696

Hallward-Driemeier, M., Khun-Jush, G., & Pritchett, L. (2016). Deals versus Rules: Policy Implementation Uncertainty and Why Firms Hate It. In African Successes, Volume I: Government and Institutions (Vol. 1, pp. 215–260). University of Chicago Press.

Hallward-Driemeier, M., & Pritchett, L. (2011). How business is done and the “Doing Business” indicators: The investment climate when firms have climate control (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5563). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1759154

Halter, M. V., de Arruda, M. C. C., & Halter, R. B. (2009). Transparency to Reduce Corruption? Journal of Business Ethics, 84(3), 373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0198-6

Hamaguchi, Y. (2020). Dynamic analysis of bribery firms’ environmental tax evasion in an emissions trading market. Journal of Macroeconomics, 63, 103169-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2019.103169

Haman, M. (2019). The Colombian Anti-Corruption Referendum: Why It Failed? Colombia Internacional, 100, 175–199. https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint100.2019.08

Hamdani, R., & Sanusi, Z. M. (2018). The New Face of People Power: An Exploratory Study on the Potential of Social Media for Combating Corruption in Indonesia. Australasian Accounting, 12(3), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v12i3.3

Hameed, F. (2005). Fiscal transparency and economic outcomes (WP/05/225). International

286 

 

Monetary Fund. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=DuRFK9Qfh0IC&oi=fnd&pg=PA4&dq=Hameed,+F.+2005.+Fiscal+Transparency+and+Economic+Outcomes&ots=fQZ4LsNunQ&sig=49A0kUHVM6-tU3K7ibg2d69EEvQ

Hamelin, N., Nwankwo, S., & Gbadamosi, A. (2020). Social marketing and the corruption conundrum in morocco: An exploratory analysis. World Development, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104993

Hamid, A. (2014). A Family Matter: Political Corruption in Banten, Indonesia. Asian Politics & Policy, 6(4), 577–593.

Hamid, Y. B., Mohammed, R., & Ahmad, Mohd. K. (2019). Effect of Press Freedom on Sudanese Newspapers Framing of Corruption Issues. Jurnal the Messenger, 11(1A), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v11i1A.1249

Hamilton, D. K. (2010). Patronage in Illinois: The Political Subjugation of Public Administration. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 30(2), 137–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X09360851

Hamilton-Hart, N, & Palmer, B. (2017). Co-Investment and Clientelism as Informal Institutions: Beyond “Good Enough” Property Rights Protection. Studies In Comparative International Development, 52(4), 416–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-017-9250-1

Hamilton-Hart, Natasha. (2001). Anti-corruption strategies in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 37(1), 65–82.

Hammersley, J. S., Myers, L. A., & Shakespeare, C. (2008). Market reactions to the disclosure of internal control weaknesses and to the characteristics of those weaknesses under section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Review of Accounting Studies, 13(1), 141–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-007-9046-z

Hamra, W. (2000). Bribery in international business transactions and the OECD convention: Benefits and limitations. Business Economics, 35(4), 33–33.

Han, K. J. (2006). Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment. http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/0/0/7/5/p100750_index.html

Han, M. (2018). The Current Status of Legislation and Tasks Regarding the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act of Korea. Korea Observer, 49(4), 643. https://doi.org/10.29152/KOIKS.2018.49.4.643

Hanapiyah, Z. M., Daud, S., & Abdullah, W. M. T. W. (2016). Human Governance and Level of Corruption Risk. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 127–135.

287 

 

https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00017-4

Hancock, G. (1989). Lords of poverty: The power, prestige, and corruption of the international aid business. Atlantic Monthly Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=5bHvTtNmsikC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&dq=Lords+of+Poverty:+The+Power,+Prestige,+and+Corruption+of+the+International+Aid+Business+&ots=otSQ16bvDX&sig=DLDPlyOEKPny4H0nDeypzuKlFsQ

Hand, J. (2005). Government Corruption and Exploitation of Indigenous Peoples. Santa Clara J. Int’l L., 3, i.

Handa, I. (2016). Fallacies in the current methods of prosecuting international commercial bribery. Cardozo Law Review, 38(2), 760.

Hanf, M., Van-Melle, A., Fraisse, F., Roger, A., Carme, B., & Nacher, M. (2011). Corruption kills: Estimating the global impact of corruption on children deaths. PLoS One, 6(11), e26990.

Hanich, Q., & Tsamenyi, M. (2009). Managing fisheries and corruption in the Pacific Islands region. Marine Policy, 33(2), 386–392.

Hankiss, E. (2002). Games of corruption East Central Europe, 1945-1999 (pp. 244–259).

Hanley, S., & Sikk, A. (2016). Economy, corruption or floating voters? Explaining the breakthroughs of anti-establishment reform parties in eastern Europe. Party Politics, 22(4), 522–533. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068814550438

Hanlon, J. (2004). How northern donors promote corruption. The Corner House October, 33. http://probeinternational.org/library/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/How-Northern-Donors-Promote-Corruption-_-The-Corner-House.pdf

Hanna, R. (2017). Technology beats corruption. Science, 355(6322), 244–245. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal2868

Hanna, R., Bishop, S., Nadel, S., Scheffler, G., & Durlacher, K. (2011). The effectiveness of anti-corruption policy: What has worked, what hasn’t, and what we don’t know. Centre for International Development, Harvard University.

Hanna, R., & Wang, S.-Y. (2017). Dishonesty and Selection into Public Service: Evidence from India. American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, 9(3), 262–290. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20150029

Hanoteau, J. (2020). Institutional quality, conforming and evasive entrepreneurship. Eurasian Business Review, 10(1), 97–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-020-00151-z

Hanousek, J., & Kočenda, E. (2011). Public investment and fiscal performance in the new EU

288 

 

member states. Fiscal Studies, 32(1), 43–71.

Hanousek, J., & Kochanova, A. (2016). Bribery environments and firm performance: Evidence from CEE countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 43(Journal Article), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.02.002

Hanousek, J., Shamshur, A., & Tresl, J. (2017a). Firm efficiency, foreign ownership and CEO gender in corrupt environments. Journal of Corporate Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.06.008

Hanousek, J., Shamshur, A., & Tresl, J. (2017b). To bribe or not to bribe? Corruption uncertainty and corporate practices. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Hansberry, H. L. (2012). In Spite of Its Good Intentions, the Dodd-Frank Act Has Created an FCPA Monster. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 102(1), 195–226.

Hansen, H. K. (2011). Managing corruption risks. Review of International Political Economy, 18(2), 251–275.

Hanusch, M., & Keefer, P. (2013). Promises, promises: Vote-buying and the electoral mobilization strategies of non-credible politicians (Policy Research Working Paper Series No. 6653). The World Bank. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/wbkwbrwps/6653.htm

Hao, Y., Chang, C.-P., & Sun, Z. (2017a). Erratum to: Women and corruption: Evidence from multinational panel data. Quality & Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0561-0

Hao, Y., Chang, C.-P., & Sun, Z. (2017b). Women and corruption: Evidence from multinational panel data. Quality & Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0530-7

Hao, Y., Gai, Z., & Wu, H. (2020). How do resource misallocation and government corruption affect green total factor energy efficiency? Evidence from China. Energy Policy, 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111562

Hao, Y., Wei, W., & Chang, C.-P. (2018). Are women more likely than men to oppose corruption in China? Not yet. Applied Economics Letters, 25(3), 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1305072

Hao, Z., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., & Zhao, X. (2020). Political connection, corporate philanthropy and efficiency: Evidence from China’s anti-corruption campaign. Journal of Comparative Economics, 48(3), 688–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2020.03.002

Haque, M. E., & Kneller, R. (2015). Why does Public Investment Fail to Raise Economic Growth? The Role of Corruption.(Report). 83(6), 623.

289 

 

Haque, M. Emranul. (2011). Endogenous detection in a simple model of corruption and growth. Global Jouranl of Finance and Economics, 8(2), 101–118.

Haque, M. Emranul. (2013). Unproductive Education in a Model of Corruption and Growth [Working Paper]. Economics, The Univeristy of Manchester. https://ideas.repec.org/p/man/cgbcrp/179.html

Haque, M. Emranul, & Hussain, B. (2013). Where does Education go?–The Role of Corruption. Manchester Growth and Business Cycle Center Working Paper. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Babar_Hussain/publication/256092779_Where_does_Education_go_The_Role_of_Corruption/links/0deec521b1fa698c37000000.pdf

Haque, M. Emranul, & Kneller, R. (2009). Corruption clubs: Endogenous thresholds in corruption and development. Economics of Governance, 10(4), 345–373.

Haque, M. Emranul, & Neanidis, K. C. (2009). Fiscal Transparency and Corruption. Centre for Growth & Business Cycle Research Discussion Paper Series, 114.

Haque, N. U., Mark, N., & Mathieson, D. J. (2000). Rating Africa: The Economic and Political Content of Risk Indicators. In P. Collier & C. Pattillo (Eds.), Investment and Risk in Africa (pp. 33–70). Palgrave Macmillan UK. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-349-15068-7_2

Harambour, R. (2017). Sovereignty and Corruption. The Construction of the State and Property in Southern Patagonia (Argentina and Chile, 1840-1920). Historia-Santiago, 50(2), 555–596.

Haran, U., Teichman, D., & Feldman, Y. (2016). Formal and social enforcement in response to individual versus corporate transgressions. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 13(4), 786.

Harasymiw, B. (2019). Civil society as an anti-corruption actor in post-Euromaidan Ukraine. Canadian Slavonic Papers, 61(3), 288–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/00085006.2019.1636630

Harb, G. (2017). Institutions and Growth in the Arab and Middle Eastern Countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1).

Harding, J. (2014). Corruption or Guanxi? Differentiating between the Legitimate, Unethical, and Corrupt Activities of Chinese Government Officials. Pacific Basin Law Journal, 31(2). http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0p8650mm

Harding, R. (2015). Attribution And Accountability: Voting for roads in Ghana. World Politics, 67(4), 656–689. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887115000209

Hardouin, P. (2009). Banks governance and public-private partnership in preventing and

290 

 

confronting organized crime, corruption and terrorism financing. Journal of Financial Crime, 16(3), 199–209.

Hardy, P. D. (1994). Emerging Role of the Quid Pro Quo Requirement in Public Corruption Prosecutions under the Hobbs Act, The. U. Mich. JL Reform, 28, 409.

Harm, C. (2005). Political Determinants of Corporate Governance: Corruption and other forms of rent-seeking [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=667347

Harms, B. C. (2000). Holding Public Officials Accountable in the International Realm: A New Multi-Layered Strategy to Combat Corruption. Cornell Int’l LJ, 33, 159.

Harri, A., Zhllima, E., Imami, D., & Coatney, K. T. (2020). Effects of subject pool culture and institutional environment on corruption: Experimental evidence from Albania. Economic Systems, 44(2), 100783-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2020.100783

Harring, N. (2014). Corruption, inequalities and the perceived effectiveness of economic pro-environmental policy instruments: A European cross-national study. Environmental Science & Policy; Environ.Sci.Policy, 39(Journal Article), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.08.011

Harring, Niklas. (2013). Understanding the Effects of Corruption and Political Trust on Willingness to Make Economic Sacrifices for Environmental Protection in a Cross-National Perspective. Social Science Quarterly, 94(3), 660–671.

Harris, A. S., Seim, B., & Sigman, R. (2020). Information, accountability and perceptions of public sector programme success: A conjoint experiment among bureaucrats in Africa. Development Policy Review, 38(5), 594–612. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12450

Harris, G., Merwe, V. D., & Dawid, A. (2012). The scope for mobilising public opinion against corruption: The attitudes of KwaZulu-Natal University students. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 15(3), 282–293.

Harris, H. (2019). Corruption and the forestry industry in Papua New Guinea: Transnational actors, local dynamics and environmental impact. Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law, 22(1), 48–65. https://doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2019.01.03

Harrison, E. (2004). The ‘cancer of corruption.’ In Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 135–153). Ashgate.

Harrison, E. (2006). Unpacking the anti-corruption agenda: Dilemmas for anthropologists. Oxford Development Studies, 34(1), 15–29.

Harrison, E. (2007). Corruption. Development in Practice, 17(4–5), 672–678.

291 

 

Harrison, G. (1999a). Clean-ups, conditionality & adjustment: Why institutions matter in Mozambique. Review of African Political Economy, 26(81), 323–333.

Harrison, G. (1999b). Corruption as’ boundary politics’: The state, democratisation, and Mozambique’s unstable liberalisation. Third World Quarterly, 20(3), 537–550.

Harrison, M., & Kim, B.-Y. (2006). Plans, prices, and corruption: The Soviet firm under partial centralization, 1930 to 1990. The Journal of Economic History, 66(01), 1–41.

Harriss-White, B., & White, G. (1996). Corruption, liberalization and democracy. IDS Bulletin, 27(2), 1–5.

Harris-White, B., & White, G. (1996). Liberalization and New Forms of Corruption. Institute of Development Studies.

Harsch, E. (1993). Accumulators and democrats: Challenging state corruption in Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 31(01), 31–48.

Harstad, B. ard, & Svensson, J. (2011). Bribes, lobbying, and development. American Political Science Review, 105(01), 46–63.

Hart, C. L. (2014). Money laundering. American Criminal Law Review, 51(4), 1449.

Hartman, J. M. (1997). Government by Thieves: Revealing the Monsters Behind the Kleptocratic Masks. Syracuse J. Int’l L. & Com., 24, 157.

Hartman, V., & Ramamoorti, S. (2016). Public corruption: Causes, consequences and countermeasures. The Journal of Government Financial Management, 65(1), 42–47.

Harun, H., Mir, M., Carter, D., & An, Y. (2019). Examining the unintended outcomes of NPM reforms in Indonesia. Public Money & Management, 39(2), 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2019.1580892

Harvey, J. (2020). Tracking the international proceeds of corruption and the challenges of national boundaries and national agencies: The UK example. Public Money & Management: Theme: Fraud and Financial Crime in the Public Sector, 40(5), 360–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1714211

Harwell, E. (2009). “Wild Money”: The Human Rights Consequences of Illegal Logging and Corruption in Indonesia’s Forestry Sector. Human Rights Watch.

Hasen, R. L. (1992). Enriched Economic Model of Political Patronage and Campaign Contributions: Reformulating Supreme Court Jurisprudence, An. Cardozo L. Rev., 14, 1311.

Hasen, R. L. (2004). Buckley Is Dead, Long Live Buckley: The New Campaign Finance Incoherence of McConnell v. Federal Election Commission. University of Pennsylvania

292 

 

Law Review, 153(1), 31–72.

Hasen, R. L. 1. (2015). Why Isn’t Congress More Corrupt?: A Preliminary Inquiry. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 429–443.

Hashem, E. A. (2014). The Effects of Corruption on Government Expenditures: Arab Countries Experience. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(4), 120–130.

Hashmi, M. A., Brahmana, R. K., & Lau, E. (2018). Political connections, family firms and earnings quality. Management Research Review, 41(4), 414–432. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-05-2017-0136

Hasker, K., & Okten, C. (2008). Intermediaries and corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 67(1), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2006.06.015

Hassaballa, H. (2015). The Effect of Corruption on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Mena Region. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(2), 301–311.

Hassaballa, H. (2017). Studying the Effect of Corruption on Income Per-capita Level in an IV Estimation in Developing countries. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2017.v6n1p57

Hassid, J., & Brass, J. N. (2015). Scandals, Media and Good Governance in China and Kenya. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 50(3), 325–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614528865

Hasty, J. (2005a). Sympathetic magic/contagious corruption: Sociality, democracy, and the press in Ghana. Public Culture, 17(3), 339.

Hasty, J. (2005b). The pleasures of corruption: Desire and discipline in Ghanaian political culture. Cultural Anthropology, 20(2), 271–301.

Hatak, I., Fink, M., & Frank, H. (2015). Business freedom, corruption and the performance of trusting cooperation partners: Empirical findings from six European countries. Review of Managerial Science, 9(3), 523–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-014-0127-7

Hatchard, J. (2012). Combating corruption: Some reflections on the use of the offence and the tort of misconduct/misfeasance in a public office. Denning Law Journal, 24, 65–88.

Hatchard, J. (2014). Combating corruption: Legal approaches to supporting good governance and integrity in Africa. Edward Elgar PubLtd.

Hatchard, J. (2016). Combating the bribery of foreign public officials and the “art of persuasion”: The case of Alstom and the energy sector. Denning Law Journal, 28, 137.

Hatzinikolaou, D., & Tsoka, A. (2016). Modeling and Estimating the Effects of Institutional Variables on a Pay-as-you-go Social Security System and on Household Saving. Public

293 

 

Finance Review, 44(5), 589–609. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142115579094

Hauenstein, S., Kshatriya, M., Blanc, J., Dormann, C., & Beale, C. (2019). African elephant poaching rates correlate with local poverty, national corruption and global ivory price. Nature Communications, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09993-2

Haufler, V. (2010). Disclosure as Governance: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and Resource Management in the Developing World. Global Environmental Politics, 10(3), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00014

Haugeneder, F. (2009). Corruption in Investor-State Arbitration. The Journal of World Investment & Trade, 10(3), vii–339. https://doi.org/10.1163/221190009X00079

Hauk, E., & Saez-Marti, M. (2002). On the Cultural Transmission of Corruption. Journal of Economic Theory, 107(2), 311–335. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeth.2001.2956

Hauner, D. (2008). Explaining Differences in Public Sector Efficiency: Evidence from Russia’s Regions. World Development, 36(10), 1745–1765.

Hauner, D., & Kyobe, A. (2010). Determinants of Government Efficiency. World Development, 38(11), 1527–1542.

Hauser, C., Simonyan, A., & Werner, A. (2020). Condoning Corrupt Behavior at Work: What Roles Do Machiavellianism, On-the-Job Experience, and Neutralization Play? Business & Society, 0007650319898474. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650319898474

Hausmann, R., & Fernandez-Arias, E. (2000). Foreign Direct Investment: Good Cholesterol? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 252192). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=252192

Hawken, A., & Munck, G. L. (2009). Measuring corruption: A critical assessment and a proposal. In A. K. Rajivan & R. Gampat (Eds.), Perspectives on Corruption and Human Development (pp. 71–106). Macmillan. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2480847

Hawken, A., & Munck, G. L. (2011). Does the evaluator make a difference? Measurement validity in corruption research [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2480857

Hawkins, J. (2020). CoST – the Infrastructure Transparency Initiative: From disclosed data to sector reform. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 173(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.19.00024

Hawley, S., King, C., & Lord, N. (2020). Justice for whom? The need for a principled approach to Deferred Prosecution Agreements in England and Wales. Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases.

294 

 

http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00022.xml

Hawthorne, O. (2013). Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index:“best flawed” measure on Corruption?’. 3rd Global Conference on Transparency Research, Paris, October, 24–26. http://campus.hec.fr/global-transparency/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Hawthorne-HEC.pdf

Hawthorne, O. E. (2015). Do international corruption metrics matter?: The impact of Transparency International’s corruption perception index. Lexington Books, 2015.

Hazama, Y. (2018). Economic and corruption voting in a predominant party system: The case of Turkey. Acta Politica, 53(1), 121–148. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-017-0041-5

Hazarika, G. (2018). The plough, gender roles, and corruption. Economics of Governance, 19(2), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-018-0202-7

He, C., Xie, X., & Zhu, S. (2015). Going global: Understanding China’s outward foreign direct investment from motivational and institutional perspectives. Post-Communist Economies, 27(4), 448–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2015.1084716

He, Jh, Yang, Q., & Gao, Y. (2017). Does Multi-Attribute Bidding in Public Construction Projects Prevent Corruption while Tenderers’ Preferences are Open? A Study of China’s Practice. Eurasia Journal Of Mathematics Science And Technology Education, 13(12), 8343–8358. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/77916

He, Jiahong. (2020). Corruption and anti-corruption in China: A case study of high-ranking officials. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(3), 715–734. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2020-0041

He, X. F. (2003). Sporadic law enforcement campaigns as a means of social control: A case study from a rural-urban migrant enclave in Beijing. Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 17(1), 121–145.

He, Zengke. (2000). Corruption and anti-corruption in reform China. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 33(2), 243–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-067X(00)00006-4

He, Zhen, Wang, X., & Yang, L. (2018). How does anti-corruption campaign affect the labour income share in China? Applied Economics Letters, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1558337

Head, B. (2012). The contribution of integrity agencies to good governance. Policy Studies, 33(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2011.601200

Healy, P. M., & Ramanna, K. (2013). When the crowd fights corruption: In Russia, citizens are

295 

 

cleaning up business and government. Harvard Business Review, 91(1–2), 122.

Healy, Paul, & Serafeim, G. (2020). Voluntary, Self-Regulatory, and Mandatory Disclosure of Oil and Gas Company Payments to Foreign Governments. Accounting Horizons, 34(1), 111–129. https://doi.org/10.2308/horizons-17-133

Healy, Pm, & Serafeim, G. (2016). An Analysis of Firms’ Self -Reported Anticorruption Efforts. Accounting Review; Account.Rev., 91(2), 489–511. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51191

Hearn, K. (2016). Disasters, corruption, propaganda and spin. 12(2), 15.

Hearn, R. G. (2012). The Role of Education in Changing Corrupt Practices. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar.

Hearn, R. G. (2014). Does Corruption Drive Government Spending? Public Administration Review, 74(3), 359.

Heath, A. F., Richards, L., & de Graaf, N. D. (2016). Explaining Corruption in the Developed World: The Potential of Sociological Approaches. Annual Review of Sociology, 42, 51–79. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074213

Heberer, T. (2019). Decoding the Chinese puzzle: Rapid economic growth and social development despite a high level of corruption (No. 124/2019; Working Papers on East Asian Studies). University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of East Asian Studies IN-EAST. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/udedao/1242019.html

Hebous, S., & Lipatov, V. (2014). A journey from a corruption port to a tax haven. Journal Of Comparative Economics, 42(3), 739–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.05.006

Hechanova, M. R. M., & Manaois, J. O. (2020). Blowing the whistle on workplace corruption: The role of ethical leadership. International Journal of Law and Management, 62(3), 277–294. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-02-2019-0038

Hechanova, M. R. M., Melgar, I., Falguera, P. Z., & Villaverde, M. (2014). Organisational Culture and Workplace Corruption in Government Hospitals. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 8(2), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/prp.2014.5

Heckelman, J. (1995). The effect of the secret ballot on voter turnout rates. Public Choice, 82(1), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047732

Heckelman, J. C., & Powell, B. (2010). Corruption and the Institutional Environment for Growth. Comparative Economic Studies, 52(3), 351. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2010.14

Heeks, R. (1998). Information Technology and Public Sector Corruption [Working Paper].

Heeks, R. (1999). Information technology and the management of corruption. Development in

296 

 

Practice, 9(1–2), 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614529953359

Heeks, R. (2002). Information Systems and Developing Countries: Failure, Success, and Local Improvisations. The Information Society, 18(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240290075039

Heeks, R. (2007). Why Anti-Corruption Initiatives Fail: Technology Transfer and Contextual Collision. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and development: The anti-corruption campaigns. Palgrave Macmillan.

Heeks, R., & Mathisen, H. (2012). Understanding success and failure of anti-corruption initiatives. Crime, Law and Social Change, 58(5), 533–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-011-9361-y

Hefeker, C. (2010). Taxation, corruption and the exchange rate regime. Journal of Macroeconomics, 32(1), 338–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2009.03.006

Heggstad, K., Froystad, M., & Bergen: CMI. (2011). The Basics of Integrity in Procurement. U4, 10.

Heidenheimer, A. J. (1970). Introduction. In Political Corruption: Readings in Comparative Corruption. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Heidenheimer, A. J. (1989). Perspectives on the Perception of Corruption. In Michael Johnston, V. Levine, V. T. Le Vine, & A. J. Heidenheimer (Eds.), Political corruption: A handbook. Transaction Books.

Heidenheimer, A. J., & Johnston, M. (2002). Political corruption: Concepts & contexts (3rd ed.). Transaction Publishers.

Heidenheimer, Aj. (1996). The topography of corruption: Explorations in comparative perspective. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 337-.

Heidenheimer, Arnold. (2004). Disjunctions between corruption and democracy? A qualitative exploration. Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041039.59712.db

Heifetz, D. L. (2002). Japan’s implementation of the OECD anti-bribery convention: Weaker and less effective than the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 11(1), 209–230.

Heilbrunn, J. (1999). Corruption, Democracy, and Reform in Benin. In A. Schedler, L. J. Diamond, & M. F. Plattner (Eds.), The self-restraining state: Power and accountability in new democracies. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Heilbrunn, J. (2004). Anticorruption Commissions: Panacea or Real Medicine to Fight

297 

 

Corruption? (World Bank Institute Working Paper 37234).

Heilbrunn, J. (2012). Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Legitimacy and Anti-Corruption Commissions. In C. Cheng & D. Zaum (Eds.), Corruption and post-conflict peacebuilding: Selling the peace? Routledge.

Heilbrunn, J. R. (2005). Oil and Water? Elite Politicians and Corruption in France. Comparative Politics, 37(3), 277–296. https://doi.org/10.2307/20072890

Heilman, B., Kamata, N. W., & Ndumbaro, L. (2000). Corruption, Politics, and Societal Values in Tanzania. Journal of Social Philosophy, 31(4), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1111/0047-2786.00070

Heimann, F. (1994). Should Foreign Bribery Be a Crime?

Hein, M. (2015). The Fight Against Government Corruption in Romania: Irreversible Results or Sisyphean Challenge? Europe - Asia Studies, 67(5), 747.

Heine, G., Huber, B., & Rose, T. O. (2003). Private commercial bribery: A comparison of national and supranational legal structures. Edition Iuscrim ;

Heineman, B. (2009). The Role of the Multi-National Corporation in the Long War Against Corruption. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, global security, and world order. World Peace Foundation : Harvard Kennedy School Program on Intrastate Conflict : American Academy of Arts & Sciences ; Brookings Institution Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124

Heineman, B. W. (2008). High performance with high integrity. Harvard Business Press.

Heinrich, F., & Brown, A. (2017). Measuring accountability performance and its relevance for anti-corruption: Introducing a new integrity system-based measure. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(3), 359–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9712-4

Heinrich, F., & Hodess, R. (2012). Measuring Corruption. In A. Graycar, R. G. Smith, A. Graycar, & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR05220150821

Helberger, C., & Knepel, H. (1988). How Big is the Shadow Economy? : A Re-analysis of the Unobserved-variable Approach of B.S. Frey and H. Weck-Hannemann. European Economic Review, 32, 965–976.

Helle, S.-E., & Rakner, L. (2013). Grabbing’ an Election: Abuse of State Resources in the 2011 Elections in Uganda. In Tina Søreide & A. Williams (Eds.), Corruption, grabbing and development: Real world challenges. Edward Elgar, 2014.

298 

 

Heller, W. B., Kyriacou, A. P., & Roca‐Sagalés, O. (2016). Institutional checks and corruption: The effect of formal agenda access on governance. European Journal of Political Research, 55(4), 681–701. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12155

Helliwell, J.F., & Huang, H. F. (2008). How’s Your Government? International Evidence Linking Good Government and Well-Being. British Journal of Political Science, 38, 595–619.

Helliwell, John F., Huang, H., Grover, S., & Wang, S. (2018). Empirical linkages between good governance and national well-being. Journal of Comparative Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2018.01.004

Hellman, J., Jones, G., & Kaufmann, D. (2006). Far from Home: Do Foreign Investors Import Higher Standards of Governance in Transition Economies. In T. Clarke & M. dela Rama (Eds.), Corporate governance and globalization (pp. 206–234). SAGE.

Hellman, J., & Kaufmann, D. (2001). Confronting the Challenge of State Capture in Transition Economies. Finance & Development, 38(3), 31.

Hellman, J. S. (1998). Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist Transitions. World Politics, 50(2), 203–234.

Hellman, J. S., Jones, G., & Kaufmann, D. (2003). Seize the state, seize the day: State capture and influence in transition economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 31(4), 751–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2003.09.006

Hellman, J., & Schankerman, M. (2000). Intervention, Corruption and Capture: The Nexus between Enterprises and the State. Economics of Transition, 8(3), 545–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0351.00055

Hellmann, O. (2014). Explaining the Institutionalization of Political Corruption: The Effects of Colonial Rule and Decolonization. Working Paper.

Hellmann, O. (2019). The visual politics of corruption. Third World Quarterly, 40(12), 2129–2152. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1636224

Hellner, N. (2009). Defining and Measuring Corruption: Where Have We Come From, Where Are We Now, and What Matters for the Future. In R. I. Rotberg & M. Bunn (Eds.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 47–65). World Peace Foundation : Harvard Kennedy School Program on Intrastate Conflict : American Academy of Arts & Sciences ; Brookings Institution Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124

Hellsten, S. (2006). Leadership, Ethics and Politics: The Problem of Dirty Hands in the Poltical Economy of Contemporary Africa. Ethics and Economics, 4(2).

299 

 

Hellsten, S. K. (2003). “Trust Me! My Hands Are Dirty Also”: Institutionalized Corruption and the Competing Codes of Public and Private Ethics. Professional Ethics, A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11(1), 55–81. https://doi.org/10.5840/profethics20031114

Hellsten, S., & Larbi, G. A. (2006). Public good or private good? The paradox of public and private ethics in the context of developing countries. Public Administration and Development, 26(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.406

Helmer, E. (2008). Corruption in International Commercial Arbitration: Fiona Trust & Holding Corp. V. Privalov. International Arbitration News, 8(2), 2–11.

Helmer, E., & Deming, S. H. (2011). Non-governmental organizations: Anticorruption compliance challenges and risks. International Lawyer, 45(2), 597.

Helmy, H. E. (2013). The impact of corruption on FDI: Is MENA an exception? International Review of Applied Economics, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2012.752445

Hemsley, R. (2015). Human Rights & Corruption, States’ Human Rights Obligation to fight Corruption. Journal of Transnational Legal Issues, 2(1), 1–24.

Henderson, J. V., & Kuncoro, A. (2011). Corruption and local democratization in Indonesia: The role of Islamic parties. Journal of Development Economics, 94(2), 164–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.01.007

Henderson, & Kuncoro, A. (2004). Corruption in Indonesia (p. 10674) [NBER Working Paper Series].

Henderson, W. (2019). Building Partnerships to Combat Fraud and Corruption Via Effective SAI Technical Support. International Journal of Government Auditing, 46(2), 40–41.

Hendrix, S. E. (2005). New approaches to addressing corruption in the context of U.S. foreign assistance with examples from Latin America and the Caribbean. Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas, 12(1), 1–23.

Henisz, W. J. (2000). The institutional environment for multinational investment. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 16(2), 334–364. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/16.2.334

Henning, P. J. (2001). Public corruption: A comparative analysis of international corruption conventions and United States law. Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 18(3), 793–865.

Henning, P. J. (2003). Federalism and the federal prosecution of state and local corruption. The Kentucky Law Journal, 92(1), 75–148.

Henning, P. J. (2009). Corporate Criminal Liability and the Potential for Rehabilitation.

300 

 

American Criminal Law Review, 46, 1417–1563.

Henning, P. J. (2011). The prosecution and defense of public corruption: The law and legal strategies. Oxford University Press.

Henning, P. J. (2012a). Be Careful What You Wish For: Thoughts on a Compliance Defense Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 883–1485.

Henning, P. J. (2012b). Making sure “the buck stops here”: Barring executives for corporate violations. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 91–128.

Hensgen, L. (2013). Corruption and Human Rights—Making the Connection at the United Nations. In Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law (Vol. 17, pp. 197–219). Koninklijke Brill N.V. http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/docserver/journals/18757413/17/1/18757413_017_01_s008_text.pdf?expires=1498136565&id=id&accname=id22986&checksum=CFA175FB548CA124BE7992AE715E0185

Heo, Y., Hou, F., & Park, S. G. (2020). Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of investment or innovation? Different effects in advanced and emerging economies. Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1791313

Hepburn, J. (2014). In Accordance with Which Host State Laws? Restoring the ‘Defence’ of Investor Illegality in Investment Arbitration. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 5(3), 531–559.

Herath, D., Lindberg, J., & Orjuela, C. (2019). Swimming upstream: Fighting systemic corruption in Sri Lanka. Contemporary South Asia, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2019.1579171

Hermawan, I., & Joga, T. (2018). Game Having Adventure Genre as an Innovative Humanistic Learning Model to the Anticorruption Educational Approach in ECD. Advanced Science Letters, 24(11), 8085–8089. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12497

Hernandez, T., & McGee, R. (n.d.). Ethical Attitudes Toward Taking a Bribe: A Study of Three Latin American Countries [Working Paper]. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.2139/ssrn.2426955

Hernandez, T., & Mcgee, R. W. (2012a). Ethical Attitudes toward Taking a Bribe: A Study of Four European Countries. Euro Asia Journal of Management, 22(1/2), 3–28.

Hernandez, T., & Mcgee, R. W. (2012b). The Ethics of Accepting a Bribe: An Empirical Study of Opinion in the USA, Brazil, Germany and China. International Journal of Business, Accounting & Finance, 6(2), 178–196.

Hernandez, T., & Mcgee, R. W. (2013a). Attitudes Toward Accepting a Bribe: A Longitudinal

301 

 

Study of the USA. Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy, 14(4), 945–998.

Hernandez, T., & Mcgee, R. W. (2013b). Egyptian attitudes on accepting bribes. International Journal of Business and Public Administration (IJBPA), 10(1), 142.

Hernandez, T., & Mcgee, R. W. (2013c). The Ethics of Accepting a Bribe: A Comparative Study of Opinion in the USA, Canada and Mexico. Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy, 14(4), 945–998.

Hernandez, T., & Mcgee, R. W. (2014a). A Demographic Study of African Attitudes on Bribery. Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy, 15(2), 541–596.

Hernandez, T., & Mcgee, R. W. (2014b). A Longitudinal Study of French Attitudes on Accepting Bribes [Working Paper].

Hernandez, T., & Mcgee, R. W. (2014c). Attitudes Toward Bribery in Australia: A Demographic Study [Working Paper].

Hernandez, T., & Mcgee, R. W. (2014d). The Ethical Perceptions of Bribe Taking in Four Muslim Countries. Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy, 15(1), 185–237.

Herrera, A. M., & Lebohang, L. (2007). Bribery and the Nature of Corruption. Unpublished Manuscript, Michigan State University.

Herrera, J., Razafindrakoto, M., & Roubaud, F. (2007). Governance, Democracy and Poverty Reduction: Lessons Drawn from Household Surveys in Sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America. International Statistical Review, 75(1), 70–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-5823.2006.00005.x

Herrick, R. (2000). Who will survive? An Exploration of Factors Contributing to the Removal of Unethical House Member. American Politics Quarterly, 28(1), 96.

Herring, C. C. (2001). 18 U.S.C. § 666: Is It a Blank Check to Federal Authorities Prosecuting State and Local Corruption? Alabama Law Review, 52, 1317–1359.

Herron, E. S., Boyko, N., & Thunberg, M. E. (2017). Serving Two Masters: Professionalization versus Corruption in Ukraine’s Election Administration. Governance, 30(4), 601–619. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12247

Herron, E. S., & Sjoberg, F. M. (2016). The Impact of “Boss” Candidates and Local Political Machines on Elections in Ukraine. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(6), 985–1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2016.1208811

Hertog, S. (2010). Defying the Resource Curse: Explaining Successful State-Owned Enterprises in Rentier States. World Politics, 62(2), 261–II.

Herzfeld, T., Kulyk, I., & Wolz, A. (2018). Is Agribusiness Different? Firm-Level Evidence of

302 

 

Perceived Corruption in Post-Soviet Countries. Eastern European Economics, 56(6), 504–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2018.1503937

Herzfeld, Thomas, & Weiss, C. (2003). Corruption and legal (in)effectiveness: An empirical investigation. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(3), 621–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(03)00018-1

Herzfeld, Thomas, & Weiss, C. (2007). Corruption clubs: Empirical evidence from kernel density estimates. Applied Economics, 39(12), 1565–1572. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500461980

Hess, D., & Dunfee, T. (2000). Fighting corruption: A principled approach; The C-2 principles - (Combating corruption). Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 593–626.

Hess, D., & Dunfee, T. W. (2003). Taking Responsibility for Bribery: The Multinational Corporation’s Role in Combating Corruption. In R. Sullivan (Ed.), Business and human rights: Dilemmas and solutions (pp. 260–271). Greenleaf.

Hess, D., & Ford, C. (2008). Corporate Corruption and Reform Undertakings: A New Approach to an Old Problem. Cornell International Law Journal, 41(2), 307–346.

Hess, David. (2009). Catalyzing Corporate Commitment to Combating Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(Supplement 4), 781–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0322-7

Hess, David. (2011). Combating Corruption in International Business through Voluntary Governance Initiatives. In T. Hale & D. Held (Eds.), Handbook of transnational governance: Institutions and innovations (pp. 322–327). Polity.

Hess, David. (2012a). Combating corruption through corporate transparency: Using enforcement discretion to improve disclosure. Minnesota Journal of International Law, 21(1), 42–74.

Hess, David. (2012b). Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Through Corporate Social Responsibility. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1121–1485.

Hessami, Z. (2014). Political corruption, public procurement, and budget composition: Theory and evidence from OECD countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 34(Journal Article), 372–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.02.005

Hessami, Zohal. (2010). The Size and Composition of Government Spending in Europe and Its Impact on Well-Being. Kyklos, 63(3), 346–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2010.00478.x

Hessami, Zohal. (2011). On the Link Between Government Ideology and Corruption in the Public Sector [Unpublished manuscript].

Hessami, Zohal, & Uebelmesser, S. (2016). A political-economy perspective on social

303 

 

expenditures: Corruption and in-kind versus cash transfers. Economics of Governance, 17(1), 71–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-015-0178-5

Heston, A., & Kumar, V. (2008). Institutional Flaws and Corruption Incentives in India. The Journal of Development Studies, 44(9), 1243–1261. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802264960

Hetemi, A., Merovci, S., & Gulhan, O. (2018). Consequences of money laundering on economic growth – The Case of Kosovo and its Trade Partners. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Oeconomica, 14(3), 113–125.

Hetherington, K. (2018). Peasants, Experts, Clients, and Soybeans: The Fixing of Paraguay’s Civil Service. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S171–S181. https://doi.org/10.1086/695715

Hetzer, W. (2008). Corruption as business practice? Criminal responsibility of enterprises in the European Union. ERA Forum, 9(3), 387–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12027-008-0091-2

Heukamp, F. H., & Arino, M. A. (2010). Does Country Matter for Subjective Well-Being? Social Indicators Research, 100(1), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9610-y

Hewa Wellalage, N., Locke, S., & Samujh, H. (2020). Firm bribery and credit access: Evidence from Indian SMEs. Small Business Economics, 55(1), 283–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00161-w

Heyman, J. McC., & Campbell, H. (2007). Corruption in the US Borderlands with Mexico: The ‘Purity’ of Society and the ‘Perversity’ of Borders. In M. Nuijten & G. Anders (Eds.), Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective (pp. 191–218). Ashgate.

Heymann, P. B. (1996). Democracy and Corruption. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12967838

Heymann, P. B. (1998). Four Unresolved Questions About the Responsibilities of an Independent Counsel. Georgetown Law Journal, 86, 2119–2735.

Heyneman, S. P. (2004). Education and corruption. International Journal of Educational Development, 24(6), 637–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2004.02.005

Heyneman, S. P. (2007). Buying your way into heaven: The corruption of education systems in global perspective. Perspectives on Global Issues, 2(1), 1–8.

Heyneman, S. P. (2011). The Corruption of Ethics in Higher Education. International Higher Education, 62, 8–9.

Heyneman, S. P., Anderson, K. H., & Nuraliyeva, N. (2008). The cost of corruption in higher

304 

 

education. Comparative Education Review, 52(1), 1–25.

Heywood, P. (1997). Political Corruption: Problems and Perspectives. Political Studies, 45(3), 417–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00089

Heywood, P. (2005). Corruption, Democracy and Governance in Contemporary Spain. In S. Balfour (Ed.), The politics of contemporary Spain (pp. 33–60). Routledge.

Heywood, P. (2009). Corruption. In T. Landman & N. Robinson (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of comparative politics (pp. 363–377). SAGE.

Heywood, P. (2011). Culture versus Institutions: Social Capital, Trust and Corruption. In E. Jones, M. F. 23- Rhodes, & C. Wood (Eds.), Developments in European politics 2. Palgrave.

Heywood, P. (2015a). Introduction: Scale and Focus in the Study of Corruption. In Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 1–13). Routledge.

Heywood, P. (2015b). Measuring Corruption: Perspectives, Critiques and Limits. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 137–153). Routledge.

Heywood, P., & Johnson, E. (2017). Cultural specificity versus institutional universalism: A critique of the National Integrity System (NIS) methodology. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(3), 309–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9709-z

Heywood, P., & Krastev, I. (2006). Political Scandals and Corruption. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Developments in European politics (pp. 155–177). Palgrave Macmillan.

Heywood, P. M. (1996). Continuity and Change: Analysing Political Corruption in Modern Spain. In W. Little & E. Posada Carbó (Eds.), Political corruption in Europe and Latin America. Macmilllan Press ; StMartin’s Press.

Heywood, P. M. (2012). Integrity management and the public service ethos in the UK: Patchwork quilt or threadbare blanket? International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(3), 474–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852312445172

Heywood, P., & Meyer‐sahling, J. (2013). Danger Zones of Corruption: How Management of the Ministerial Bureaucracy Affects Corruption Risks in Poland. Public Administration and Development, 33(3), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1644

Heywood, P., Rhodes, M. F. 23-, & Jones, E. (2002). Political Corruption, Democracy, and Governance in Western Europe. In E. Jones (Ed.), Developments in West European politics 2. Palgrave.

Heywood, P., & Rose, J. (01). The Limits of Rule Governance. In A. Lawton (Ed.), Ethics in Public Policy and Management: A global research companion. Taylor and Francis.

305 

 

Heywood, P., & Rose, J. (2014). “Close but no Cigar”: The measurement of corruption. Journal of Public Policy, 34(3), 507–529. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X14000099

Heywood, P., & Rose, J. (2015). Curbing Corruption or Promoting Integrity? Probing the Hidden Conceptual Challenge. In P. Hardi (Ed.), Debates of corruption and integrity (pp. 102–119). Palgrave Macmillan.

Heywood, Paul M. (2017). Rethinking Corruption: Hocus-Pocus, Locus and Focus. The Slavonic and East European Review, 95(1), 21–48. https://doi.org/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.95.1.0021

Heywood, Paul M. (2018). Combating Corruption in the Twenty-First Century: New Approaches. Daedalus, 147(3), 83–97. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00504

Hiah, J. (2019). The client side of everyday corruption in Central and Eastern Europe: The case of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Romania. European Journal of Criminology. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/121600

Hibbs, D. A., & Piculescu, V. (2010). Tax Toleration and Tax Compliance: How Government Affects the Propensity of Firms to Enter the Unofficial Economy. American Journal of Political Science, 54(1), 18–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00415.x

Hibbs, D., & Piculescu, V. (2005). Institutions, Corruption and Tax Evasion in the Unofficial Economy [Working Paper].

Hibnu Nugroho. (2018). Reversal burden of proof on corruption in Indonesia. Проблеми Законності, 140, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.140.121442

Hicken. (2007). How Do Rules and Institutions Encourage Vote Buying. In F. C. Schaffer (Ed.), Elections for sale: The causes and consequences of vote buying (pp. 46–70). Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Hicken, A. (2011). Clientelism. Annual Review of Political Science, 14(1), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.031908.220508

Hickman, M. J., Piquero, A. R., Powell, Z. A., & Greene, J. (2016). Expanding the measurement of police integrity. Policing, 39(2), 246–267.

Hidalgo, F., & Nichter, S. (2016). Voter Buying: Shaping the Electorate through Clientelism. American Journal of Political Science, 60(2), 436–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12214

Hildreth, J. A. D., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. (2016). Blind loyalty? When group loyalty makes us see evil or engage in it. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 132(Journal Article), 16.

306 

 

Hill, K. Q. (2003). Democratization and Corruption: Systematic Evidence from the American States. American Politics Research, 31(6), 613–631. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X03255178

Hillman, A. L. (2004). Corruption and public finance: An IMF perspective. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), 1067–1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.09.004

Hillman, A. L., & Katz, E. (1987). Hierarchical structure and the social costs of bribes and transfers. Journal of Public Economics, 34(2), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(87)90016-8

Hills, L. (2014). Universal Anti-Bribery Legislation Can Save International Business: A Comparison of the FCPA and the UKBA in an Attempt to Create Universal Legislation to Combat Bribery Around the Globe [Working Paper].

Hills, R. M. (2005). Corruption and Federalism: (When) Do Federal Criminal Prosecutions Improve Non-Federal Democracy? Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 6(1), 113–154. https://doi.org/10.2202/1565-3404.1102

Hilmer, P. K., & Johannsen, L. (2018). Administrative Processes as an Anti-Corruption Tool? A View from Public Employees in the Baltic States. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 11(1), 131–157. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2018-0006

Hilson, G., & Maconachie, R. (2008). “Good Governance” and the Extractive Industries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 30(1), 52–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/08827500802045511

Hinchey, B. (2011). Punishing the penitent: Disproportionate fines in recent FCPA enforcements and suggested improvements. Public Contract Law Journal, 40(2), 393.

Hindess, B. (2005). Investigating International Anti-corruption. Third World Quarterly, 26(8), 1389–1398. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590500336864

Hindess, B. (2009). International Anti-Corruption as a Program of Normalisation. In L. de Sousa & P. Larmour (Eds.), Governments, NGOs and anti-corruption: The new integrity warriors. Routledge.

Hindess, B. (2012). Introduction: How Should We Think About Corruption? In M. Barcham, B. Hindess, & P. Larmour (Eds.), Corruption: Expanding the Focus (pp. 1–24). Canberra: ANU Press. http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=459875

Hindress, B. (2001). Good Government and Corruption. In Peter Larmour & N. Wolanin (Eds.), Corruption and Anti-Corruption (pp. 1–10). Canberra.

Hindriks, J., Keen, M., & Muthoo, A. (1999). Corruption, extortion and evasion. Journal of Public Economics, 74(3), 395–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00030-4

307 

 

Hines, J. (1995). Forbidden Payment: Foreign Bribery and American Business After 1977 (NBER Working Paper Series Working Paper No. 5266; p. 5266).

Hines, N. (2007). Cultural Due Dilligence: The Lost Diligence that Must Be Found by U.S. Corporations Conducting M&A Deals in China to Prevent Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Violations. Duquesne Business Law Journal, 9, 19–63.

Hinks, T., & Ivlevs, A. (2014). Communist party membership and bribe paying in transitional economies [Working Paper]. http://www2.uwe.ac.uk/faculties/BBS/BUS/Research/Economics%20Papers%202014/1401.pdf

Hira, A. (2016). Broken Windows: Why Culture Matters in Corruption Reform. Journal of Developming Societies, 32(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609710

Hira, A., & Shiao, K. (2016). Understanding the Deep Roots of Success in Effective Civil Services. 32(1), 17–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609711

Hisamatsu, Y. (2003). Does foreign demand affect corruption? Applied Economics Letters, 10(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850210165838

Hite-Rubin, N. (2015). A Corruption, Military Procurement and FDI Nexus. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 224–251). Edward Elgar PubLimited. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:978178471470320151028

Hladky, V. (2018). The Manifestation of Corruption in Eastern Europe. Path of Science, 4(1), 4001–4012. https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.30-5

Hlatshwayo, S., Oeking, A., Ghazanchyan, M., Corvino, D., Shukla, A., & Leigh, L. Y. (2018). The Measurement and Macro-Relevance of Corruption: A Big Data Approach (WP/18/195). International Monetary Fund.

Hoang, K. K. (2018). Risky Investments: How Local and Foreign Investors Finesse Corruption-Rife Emerging Markets. American Sociological Review, 83(4), 657–685. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418782476

Hobbs, N. (2005). Corruption in World Bank Financed Projects: Why Bribery is a Tolerated Anathema (Development Studies Institute Working Paper 05-65).

Hock, B. (n.d.). Policing corporate bribery: Negotiated settlements and bundling. Policing & Society, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2020.1808650

Hock, B. (2014). Intimations of Global Anti-Bribery Regime and the Effectiveness of Extraterritorial Enforcement: From Free-Riders to Protectionism? (SSRN Scholarly

308 

 

Paper ID 2395156). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2395156

Hock, B. (2017). Transnational Bribery: When is Extraterritoriality Appropriate? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2931043). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2931043

Hock, B. (2018). The Bundling of Foreign Bribery Cases (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3157532). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3157532

Hodder, R. (2009). Political Interference in the Philippine Civil Service. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 27(5), 766–782. https://doi.org/10.1068/c0843b

Hodder, R. (2015). What’s Wrong with Patronage? Society, 52(2), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-015-9878-2

Hodess, R. (2013). Civil Society and Nongovernmental Organizations as International Actors in Anti-Corruption Advocacy. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 75–90). Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Hodge, A., Shankar, S., Rao, D. S. P., & Duhs, A. (2011). Exploring the Links Between Corruption and Growth. Review of Development Economics, 15(3), 474–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00621.x

Hodgkinson, P. (1997). The Sociology of Corruption—Some Themes and Issues. Sociology, 31(1), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038597031001003

Hodgson, G. M. (2006). Institutions, Recessions and Recovery in the Transitional Economies. Journal of Economic Issues, 40(4), 875–894. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2006.11506965

Hodgson, G. M., & Jiang, S. (2007). The Economics of Corruption and the Corruption of Economics: An Institutionalist Perspective. Journal of Economic Issues, 41(4), 1043–1061. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2007.11507086

Hodler, R. (2006). The Curse of Natural Resources in Fractionalized Countries. European Economic Review, 50(6), 1367–1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2005.05.004

Hodler, R., & Raschky, P. A. (2014). Regional favoritism. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129(2), 995.

Hoff, K., & Stiglitz, J. (2005). The Creation of the Rule of Law and the Legitimacy of Property Rights: The Political and Economic Consequences of a Corrupt Privatization. NBER Working Paper Series, 11772. https://doi.org/10.3386/w11772

309 

 

Hofstede, G. H. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.

Hogarth, J. (1996). Bribery of officials in pursuit of corporate aims. Criminal Law Forum, 6(3), 557–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01096043

Hoinaru, R., Buda, D., Borlea, S. N., Văidean, V. L., & Achim, M. V. (2020). The Impact of Corruption and Shadow Economy on the Economic and Sustainable Development. Do They “Sand the Wheels” or “Grease the Wheels”? Sustainability, 12(2), 481. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020481

Holcombe, R., & Boudreaux, C. (2015). Regulation and Corruption. Public Choice, 164(1), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0263-x

Hole, J. (2020). Expediency versus Ethics: The Problem of Bribery in Late Medieval England. Parergon, 37(1), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2020.0002

Hollard, G., & Sene, O. (2016). Social capital and access to primary health care in developing countries: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Health Economics, 45(Journal Article), 1.

Holloway, R. (1998). NGOs: Losing the moral high ground: corruption and misrepresentation. Transnational Associations, 50, 233–248.

Holloway, R. (2001). Corruption and Civil Society Organisations in Indonesia [Working Paper].

Hollyer, J. R. (2010). Conditionality, compliance, and domestic interests: State capture and EU accession policy. The Review of International Organizations, 5(4), 387–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-010-9085-2

Hollyer, J. R., Rosendorff, B. P., & Vreeland, J. R. (2014). Measuring Transparency. Political Analysis, 22(4), 413.

Hollyer, J. R., & Wantchekon, L. (2015). Corruption and Ideology in Autocracies. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 31(3), 499–533. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewu015

Holm, J. (2000). Curbing Corruption through Democratic Accountability: Lessons from Botswana. In Kempe R. Hope & B. C. Chikulo (Eds.), Corruption and development in Africa: Lessons from country case-studies. Macmillan Press ; StMartin’s Press.

Holmberg, S. (2009). Perceptions of Corruption in Mass Publics [Working Paper].

Holmberg, S., & Rothstein, B. (2011a). Quality of Government and Access to Safe Water (QoG Working Paper Series 2011:4).

Holmberg, S., & Rothstein, B. (2011b). Dying of corruption. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 6(04), 529–547. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174413311000023X

310 

 

Holmberg, S., Rothstein, B., & Nasiritousi, N. (2009). Quality of Government: What You Get. Annual Review of Political Science, 12(1), 135–161. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-100608-104510

Holmes, L. (2002). Functions and Dysfunctions of Corruption and its Reporting in Central and Eastern Europe. In Corruption in Asia: Rethinking the Governance Paradigm (pp. 50–70).

Holmes, L. (2013). Postcommunist Transitions and Corruption: Mapping Patterns. Social Research, 80(4), 1163–1186.

Holmes, Leslie. (1993). The end of communist power: Anti-corruption campaigns and legitimation crisis. Polity Press ; Blackwell.

Holmes, Leslie. (1997). Corruption and the crisis of the post-communist state. Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3–4), 275–297.

Holmes, Leslie. (1999). Corruption in Europe. Dialogue, 18(2), 19–25.

Holmes, Leslie. (2001). Crime, Corruption and Politics: International and Transnational Factors. In Jan Zielond Alex Pravda. Vol. 2 (Ed.), Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe: Volume 2: International and Transnational Factors (pp. 192–230). Oxford University Press.

Holmes, Leslie. (2003). Political Corruption in Central and Eastern Europe. In M. J. Bull & J. Newell (Eds.), Corruption in contemporary politics (pp. 193–206). Palgrave Macmillan.

Holmes, Leslie. (2005). Russian Corruption and State Weakness in Comparative Post-Communist Perspective. In A. Pravda (Ed.), Leading Russia—Putin in perspective: Essays in honour of Archie Brown (pp. 75–101). Oxford University Press.

Holmes, Leslie. (2006). Rotten states?: Corruption, post-communism, and neoliberalism. Duke University Press.

Holmes, Leslie. (2007a). Terrorism, organised crime and corruption: Networks and linkages. Edward Elgar.

Holmes, Leslie. (2007b). The Corruption-Organized Crime Nexus in Central and Eastern Europe. In Terrorism, organised crime and corruption: Networks and linkages (pp. 84–108). Edward Elgar.

Holmes, Leslie. (2008a). Political Corruption Scandals and Public Attitudes towards Party Financing: Poland and Germany Compared. In S. Eliæson (Ed.), Building civil society and democracy in New Europe (pp. 314–355). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Holmes, Leslie. (2008b). Corruption and Organised Crime in Putin’s Russia. Europe-Asia

311 

 

Studies, 60(6), 1011–1031. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668130802161249

Holmes, Leslie. (2012a). Transnational Crime, Corruption and Conflict in Russia and the Former USSR. In M. Sussex (Ed.), Conflict in the former USSR. Cambridge University Press.

Holmes, Leslie. (2012b). Corruption and Financial Crises. In R. Pettman, Handbook on International Political Economy (pp. 211–228). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789814366984_0014

Holmes, Leslie. (2012c). Corruption in Post-Soviet Russia. Global Change, Peace & Security, 24(2), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2012.678991

Holmes, Leslie. (2013). The Internationalisation of Corruption: Scale, Impact and Countermeasures. Crime, Law and Social Change, 59(1), 137–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-012-9403-0

Holmes, Leslie. (2014). Police Corruption from Many Perspectives. In Police Corruption: Essential Readings. Edward Elgar.

Holmes, Leslie. (2015a). Combating Corruption in China: The Role of the State and Other Agencies in Comparative Perspective. Economic and Political Studies, 3(1), 42–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2015.11673837

Holmes, Leslie. (2015b). Different Paths to Curbing Corruption: Lessons from Denmark, Finland, Hong Kong, New Zealand and Singapore. Asian Journal of Political Science, 23(1), 102–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2015.1010444

Holmes, Leslie. (2015c). Corruption: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.

Holmes, R. (2007). Combating Corruption in the Philippines: The Difficulty and Danger of Organizational Reform/Human Resource Development Initiatives. In P. Alfiler & E. Nicolas (Eds.), Public Administration plus Governance: Assessing the Past, Addressing the Future. (pp. 173–197). National College of Public Administration and Governance, University of the Philippines.

Holtmeier, J. (2015). Cross-Border Corruption Enforcement: A Case for Measured Coordination among Multiple Enforcement Authorities. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 493–523.

Holtzblatt, M., & Tschakert, N. (2014). Baker Hughes: Greasing the wheels in Kazakhstan (FCPA violations and implementation of a corporate ethics and anti-corruption compliance program). Journal of Accounting Education, 32(1), 36–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccedu.2014.01.005

Hong, F. (2019). Bureaucratic Shirking, Corruption, and Firms’ Environmental Investment and Abatement. Environmental and Resource Economics, 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-019-00327-w

312 

 

Hong, S., & Lim, J. (2016). Capture and the bureaucratic mafia: Does the revolving door erode bureaucratic integrity? Public Choice, 166(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-016-0315-x

Honorati, M., & Mengistae, T. (2007). Corruption, business environment, and small business fixed investment in India (No. WPS4356; pp. 1–35). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/653241468267580835/Corruption-business-environment-and-small-business-fixed-investment-in-India

Hooghe, M., & Quintelier, E. (2014). Political participation in European countries: The effect of authoritarian rule, corruption, lack of good governance and economic downturn. COMPARATIVE EUROPEAN POLITICS, 12(2), 209–232. https://doi.org/10.1057/cep.2013.3

Hooker, J. (2009). Corruption from a cross‐cultural perspective. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 16(3), 251–267. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600910977346

Hope, Kempe R. (2000). Corruption and Development in Africa. In B. C. Chikulo (Ed.), Corruption and development in Africa: Lessons from country case-studies. Macmillan Press ; StMartin’s Press.

Hope, Kempe Ronald. (2014). Kenya’s corruption problem: Causes and consequences. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 52(4), 493–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2014.955981

Hope, Kempe Ronald. (2016). The Corruption Problem in Swaziland: Consequences and Some Aspects of Policy to Combat It. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(2), 130–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609715

Hope, Kempe Ronald. (2017a). Corruption and governance in Africa: Swaziland, Kenya, Nigeria. Palgrave Macmillan.

Hope, Kempe Ronald. (2017b). Training to curb police corruption in developing countries. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 19(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461355716674371

Hope, Kempe Ronald. (2018). Police corruption and the security challenge in Kenya. African Security, 11(1), 84–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2017.1419650

Hope, O.-K., Yue, H., & Zhong, Q. (2020). China’s Anti‐Corruption Campaign and Financial Reporting Quality. Contemporary Accounting Research, 37(2), 1015–1043. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12557

Hope, S. (2020). Channels of corruption in Africa: Analytical review of trends in financial crimes. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 294–306.

313 

 

https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-05-2019-0053

Hopkin, J. (1997). Political parties, political corruption, and the economic theory of democracy. Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3–4), 255–274.

Hopkin, J. (2002). States, markets and corruption: A review of some recent literature. Review of International Political Economy, 9(3), 574–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290210150725

Hopkin, J., & RodríGuez-Pose, A. (2007). “Grabbing Hand” or “Helping Hand”?: Corruption and the Economic Role of the State. Governance, 20(2), 187–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00353.x

Hoppe, T. (2014). The Case for Asset Declarations in the Judiciary: Identifying Illicit Enrichment and Conflicts of Interest. U4 Brief 2014:5.

Hopper, T. (2017). Neopatrimonialism, good governance, corruption and accounting in Africa. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 7(2), 225–248.

Horder, J. (2013). Deterring bribery: Law, regulation and the export trade. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 196–216). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A018

Hornberger, J. (2018). A Ritual of Corruption: How Young Middle-Class South Africans Get Their Driver’s Licenses. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S138–S148. https://doi.org/10.1086/696099

Horodnic, A. V., Mazilu, S., & Oprea, L. (2018). Drivers behind widespread informal payments in the Romanian public health care system: From tolerance to corruption to socio-economic and spatial patterns. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2509

Horowitz, S., Hoff, K., & Milanovic, B. (2009). Government turnover: Concepts, measures and applications. European Journal of Political Research, 48(1), 107–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2008.00827.x

Hors, I. (2001). Fighting Corruption in Customs Administration: What Can we Learn from Recent Experiences? (No. 175; OECD Development Centre Working Papers). OECD Publishing. https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/devaaa/175-en.html

Horsewood, N., & Voicu, A. M. (2012). Does corruption hinder trade for the new EU members? Economics, 6(47), 0_1.

Hossain, A. T., Kryzanowski, L., & Ma, X. B. (2020). U.S. Political Corruption and Loan Pricing. The Journal of Financial Research, 43(3), 459–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfir.12217

314 

 

Hosseini, M., Martek, I., Banihashemi, S., Chan, A., & Tahmasebi, M. (2019). Distinguishing Characteristics of Corruption Risks in Iranian Construction Projects: A Weighted Correlation Network Analysis. Science and Engineering Ethics, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00089-0

Hostetler, C. (2011). Going from Bad to Good: Combating Corporate Corruption on World Bank-Funded Infrastructure Projects. Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal, 14, 231–231.

Hotchkiss, C., & Hotchkiss, C. (1998). The Sleeping Dog Stirs: New Signs of Life in Efforts to End Corruption in International Business. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 17(1), 108–115.

Hough, D. (2013). Corruption, Anti-Corruption and Governance. Palgrave Macmillan UK. http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9781137268716

Hough, D. (2017). Analysing corruption. Agenda Publishing.

Houillon, G. (2014). Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: Future Prospects on Lobbying. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 53–66). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507

Houngbo, P. T., Zweekhorst, M., Bunders, J., Coleman, H. L. S., Medenou, D., Dakpanon, L., & De Cock Buning, T. (2017). The root causes of ineffective and inefficient healthcare technology management in Benin public health sector. Health Policy and Technology, 6(4), 446–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2017.06.004

Houqe, M. N., & Monem, R. M. (2016). IFRS Adoption, Extent of Disclosure, and Perceived Corruption: A Cross-Country Study. The International Journal of Accounting, 51(3), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2016.07.002

Houqe, M. N., Van Zijl, T., Waresul Karim, A. K. M., & Mahoney, A. (2019). What is the impact of corruption on audit fees? Public Money & Management, 39(2), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2019.1580912

Houqe, M. N., Zahir-ul-Hassan, M. K., Idrus, M. A., & van Zijl, T. (2020). Bribery and corruption: Assessing the fairness of the Malaysian judicial system. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 74(2), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09882-1

Houston, D. A. (2007). Can corruption ever improve an economy? The Cato Journal : An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy Analysis, 27(3), 325–342.

Houston, J. F., Lin, C., & Ma, Y. (2011). Media ownership, concentration and corruption in bank lending. Journal of Financial Economics, 100(2), 326–350.

315 

 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.12.003

Howe, S. W., & Haigh, Y. (2016). Anti‐Corruption Watchdog Accountability: The Limitations of Judicial Review’s Ability to Guard the Guardians. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 75(3), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12185

Høyland, B., Moene, K., & Willumsen, F. (2012). The tyranny of international index rankings. Journal of Development Economics, 97(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.01.007

Hsiao, A., & Vogt, V. (2019). Correction: Effect of corruption on perceived difficulties in healthcare access in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One, 14(11), e0224915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224915

Hsiao, A., Vogt, V., & Quentin, W. (2019). Effect of corruption on perceived difficulties in healthcare access in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE, 14(8), e0220583. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220583

Hsiao, C., & Shen, Y. (2003). Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: The Importance of Institutions and Urbanization. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 51(4), 883–896. https://doi.org/10.1086/375711

Hsieh, C.-T., & Moretti, E. (2006). Did Iraq cheat the United Nations? Underpricing, bribes, and the oil for food program. Quarterly Journal of Economics, cxxi(4), 1211–1248.

Hsu, Y.-H. (2008). Is Corruption a Grabbing Hand? A Panel Data Study of FDI. http://citeweb.info/20081913017

Hu, B., & Mendoza, R. U. (2013). Public Health Spending, Governance and Child Health Outcomes: Revisiting the Links. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 14(2), 285–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.765392

Hu, J., Li, X., Duncan, K., & Xu, J. (2020). Corporate relationship spending and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China’s anti-corruption campaign. Journal of Banking and Finance, 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105758

Hu, J.-L., Huang, C.-H., & Chu, W.-K. (2004). Bribery, hierarchical government, and incomplete environmental enforcement. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 6(3), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03353936

Hu, X. (2015). Effectiveness of information technology in reducing corruption in China: A validation of the DeLone and McLean information systems success model. The Electronic Library, 33(1), 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-11-2012-0148

Hu, Y., & Xu, M. (2019). China’s anti-corruption campaign, political connections and private firms’ debt financing. China Finance Review International, 9(4), 521–553.

316 

 

https://doi.org/10.1108/CFRI-09-2018-0132

Huang, C.-J. (2016). Is corruption bad for economic growth? Evidence from Asia-Pacific countries. North American Journal of Economics & Finance, 35(Journal Article), 247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2015.10.013

Huang, Fang, & Rice, J. (2012). Firm Networking and Bribery in China: Assessing Some Potential Negative Consequences of Firm Openness. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(4), 533–545.

Huang, Feng, Chen, X., & Wang, L. (2018). Evolution of cooperation in a hierarchical society with corruption control. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 449, 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.04.018

Huang, Haizhou, & Shang-Jin, W. (2003). Monetary Policies for Developing Countries: The Role of Corruption (NBER Working Paper Series Working Paper No. 10093; p. 10093).

Huang, He, & Li, Z. (2015). Procurement auctions with ex-ante endogenous bribery. Economic Modelling, 47(Journal Article), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.02.017

Huang, P., & Wu, H.-M. (1994). More Order without More Law: A Theory of Social Norms and Organizational Cultures. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 10(2), 390.

Huang, Yangguang, & Xia, J. (2019). Procurement auctions under quality manipulation corruption. European Economic Review, 111, 380–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.11.001

Huang, Yasheng. (2008). Capitalism with Chinese characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the state. Cambridge University Press.

Huang, Z., Liu, L., Zheng, W., Tan, X., & Zhao, X. (2015). Walking the Straight and Narrow: The Moderating Effect of Evaluation Apprehension on the Relationship between Collectivism and Corruption. PLoS One, 10(3), n/a. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123859

Hubbard, P. (2007). Putting the Power of Transparency in Context: Information’s Role in Reducing Corruption in Uganda’s Education Sector (Center for Global Development Working Paper 136). Center for Global Development.

Huberts, L. (1995). Western europe and public corruption: Expert views on attention, extent and strategies. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 3(2), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02243081

Huberts, L. (2014). The Integrity of Governance. Palgrave Macmillan UK. http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9781137380814

317 

 

Huberts, L. W. (1998). What can be done against public corruption and fraud: Expert views on strategies to protect public integrity. Crime, Law and Social Change, 29(2–3), 209–224.

Huberts, L. W. J. C. (2018). Integrity: What it is and Why it is Important. Public Integrity, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1477404

Huberts, Leo W. J. C. (2000). Anticorruption Strategies: The Hong Kong Model in International Context. Public Integrity, 2(3), 211–228.

Huchhanavar, S. S. (2020). Regulatory mechanisms combating judicial corruption and misconduct in India: A critical analysis. Indian Law Review, 4(1), 47–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/24730580.2020.1711498

Hudaib, M. (2020). Accounting for corruption within Islamic countries. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(3), 741–743. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-11-2017-0166

Hudon, P.-A., & Garzón, C. (2016). Corruption in public procurement: Entrepreneurial coalition building. Crime, Law and Social Change, 66(3), 291–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9628-4

Hudson, A., & Taylor, A. W. (2010). The International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala: A New Model for International Criminal Justice Mechanisms. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 8(1), 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqq003

Huff, K. M. (2016). The Case for an FCPA Exception to Dodd-Frank’s Anti-Retaliation Provision. Rutgers Law Review, 68, 867–905.

Huffer, E. (2005). Governance, Corruption, and Ethics in the South Pacific. The Contemporary Pacific, 17(1), 118–140. https://doi.org/10.1353/cp.2005.0014

Hughes, A. G. (2013). Drawing sensible borders for the definition of “foreign official” under the FCPA. American Journal of Criminal Law, 40(3), 253–279.

Hughes, D. M. (2000). The “Natasha” Trade: The Transnational Shadow Market of Trafficking in Women. Journal of International Affairs, 53(2), 625–651. JSTOR.

Huisman, W., & Vande Walle, G. (2010). The Criminology of Corruption. In G. de Graaf, P. von Maravić, & F. P. Wagenaar (Eds.), The good cause: Theoretical perspectives on corruption (pp. 115–145). http://dare.ubvu.vu.nl/handle/1871/50843

Huisman, Wim, & Sidoli, D. (2019). Corporations, human rights and the environmental degradation-corruption nexus. Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law, 22(1), 66–92. https://doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2019.01.04

Humphrey, C., & Sneath, D. (2004). Shanghaied by the Bureaucracy: Bribery and Post-Soviet

318 

 

Officialdom in Russia and Mongolia. In I. Pardo (Ed.), Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 85–100). Ashgate.

Hundt, S., & Horsch, A. (2019). Sponsorship of the FIFA world cup, shareholder wealth, and the impact of corruption. Applied Economics, 51(23), 2468–2491. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1545082

Hundtofte, S., & Rantala, V. (2018). Anonymous Capital Flows and U.S. Housing Markets (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3186634). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3186634

Hung, C.-H. D., Jiang, Y., Liu, F. H., Tu, H., & Wang, S. (2017). Bank political connections and performance in China. Journal of Financial Stability, 32, 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2017.09.003

Hung, H. (2008). Normalized Collective Corruption in a Transitional Economy: Small Treasuries in Large Chinese Enterprises. Journal of Business Ethics, 79(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9396-2

Hung, M., Kim, Y., & Li, S. (2018). Political connections and voluntary disclosure: Evidence from around the world. Journal Of International Business Studies, 49(3), 272–302. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0139-z

Hunt, J. (2004). Trust and Bribery: The Role of the Quid Pro Quo and the Link with Crime. NBER Working Paper Series, 10510. https://doi.org/10.3386/w10510

Hunt, J. (2007a). Why Are Some Public Officials More Corrupt Than Others? In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 323–351). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJWEoC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Susan+Rose-Ackerman+ed.,+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption+&ots=j9bbzI2XBk&sig=oOSzudVG-0j37IntfuiuLc0APXw

Hunt, J. (2007b). How corruption hits people when they are down. Journal of Development Economics, 84(2), 574–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.02.003

Hunt, J. (2010). Bribery in health care in Uganda. Journal of Health Economics, 29(5), 699–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.06.004

Hunt, J., & Laszlo, S. (2005). Bribery: Who Pays, Who Refuses, What Are the Payoffs? (NBER Working Paper Series Working Paper No. 11635; p. 11635).

Hunt, J., & Laszlo, S. (2012). Is Bribery Really Regressive? Bribery’s Costs, Benefits, and Mechanisms. World Development, 40(2), 355–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.06.001

319 

 

Hunt, S. (2011). Refining Black Gold: The Dodd-Frank Act and Corruption in the Oil Industry. 16, 41–345.

Hunter, L. Y., Rutland, J., & King, Z. (2020). Leaving the Barracks: Military Coups in Developing Democracies. Politics & Policy, 48(6), 1062–1103. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12383

Hunter, M., Mardini, R. U., El-Seblani, A., & Elsayed, S. (2020). Anti-corruption, Transparency and Accountability: Case Study of Healthcare in the Arab Countries. Global Health Action, 13(sup1), 1704529. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1704529

Hunter, S. G. (2011). A comparative analysis of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act, and the practical implications of both on international business. ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, 18(1), 89–113.

Huq, A. (2018). Legal or Political Checks on Apex Criminality. UCLA Law Review, 65(4-). https://www.uclalawreview.org/legal-or-political-checks-on-apex-criminality-an-essay-on-constitutional-design/

Hur, J., Parinduri, R. A., & Riyanto, Y. E. (2011). Cross-Border M&a Inflows and Quality of Country Governance: Developing Versus Developed Countries. Pacific Economic Review, 16(5), 638–655. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2011.00568.x

Hurson, D. W. (2001). Mail fraud, the intangible rights doctrine, and the infusion of state law: A Bermuda triangle of sorts.(Case Note). Houston Law Review, 38(1), 297–334.

Huskins, P. C. (2008). FCPA prosecutions: Liability trend to watch. Stanford Law Review, 60(5), 1447.

Huss, O., Bader, M., Meleshevych, A., & Nesterenko, O. (2020). Explaining Variation in the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Activism in Ukraine’s Regions: The Role of Local Context, Political Will, Institutional Factors, and Structural Factors. Demokratizatsiya, 28(2), 201–227.

Huss, R. (2019). Our Blind Spots in the Fight Against Health Systems Corruption Comment on “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems.” International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 9(1), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.81

Hussman, K. (2007). Anti-Corruption Policy Making in Practice: What Can Be Learned for Implementing Article 5 of UNCAC? (Report of Six Country Case Studies: Georgia, Indonesia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Tanzania and Zambia U4 Report 2007:1).

Hussman, K., Hechler, H., & Penalillo, M. (2009). Institutional Arrangements for Corruption Prevention: Considerations for the Implementation of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (U4 Issue 2009:4).

320 

 

Hussmann, K. (2019). Demystify False Dilemmas to Speak About Corruption in Health Systems: Different Actors, Different Perspectives, Different Strategies Comment on “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems.” International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 8(10), 620–622. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.61

Husted, B. W. (1994). Honor among Thieves: A Transaction-Cost Interpretation of Corruption in Third World Countries. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857556

Husted, B. W. (1999). Wealth, Culture, and Corruption. Journal of International Business Studies, 30(2), 339–359. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490073

Hutahaean, A., & Indarti, E. (2020). Implementation of investigation by the Indonesian national police in eradicating corruption crime. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(1), 136–154. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-12-2018-0075

Hutchcroft, P. D. (1997). The Politics of Privilege: Assessing the Impact of Rents, Corruption, and Clientelism on Third World Development. Political Studies, 45(3), 639–658. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00100

Hutchcroft, P. D. (2000). Obstructive Corruption: The Politics of Privilege in the Philippines. In Mushtaq H. Khan & K. S. Jomo (Eds.), Rents, Rent-Seeking and Economic Development (pp. 207–247). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139085052A041

Hutchinson, E. (2020). Targeted anti-corruption in LMICs: Developmental governance and health systems research. European Journal of Public Health, 30(Supplement_5). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.937

Huther, J. (2000). Anti-corruption policies and programs: A framework for evaluation. World Bank, Operations Evaluations Department, Country Evaluation and Regional Relations Div.

Hwang, J. (2002). A note on the relationship between corruption and government revenue. Journal of Economic Development, 27(2), 161–177.

Hwang, M., & Lim, K. (2012). Corruption in Arbitration – Law and Reality. Asian International Arbitration Journal, 8(1), 1–119.

Iancu, B. (2019). Quod licet Jovi non licet bovi?: The Venice Commission as Norm Entrepreneur. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-019-00088-0

Iarossi, G. (2006). The Power of Survey Design: A User’s Guide for Managing Surveys, Interpreting Results, and Influencing Respondents. The World Bank.

321 

 

http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-6392-8

Ibrahim, M., Bawole, J. N., Obuobisa-Darko, T., Abubakar, A.-B., & Kumasey, A. S. (2017). The legal regime and the compliance façade in public procurement in Ghana. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 30(4), 370–390. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-09-2016-0156

Idakwoji, S. P. (2010). Leadership, corruption and development. Canadian Social Science, 6(6), 173–197.

Ifeka, C. (2001). Playing civil society tunes: Corruption and misunderstanding Nigeria’s ‘real’ political institutions. Review of African Political Economy, 28(89), 461–465. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240108704551

Igiebor, G. O. (2019). Political Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Economic Development in the Fourth Republic. Journal of Developing Societies, 35(4), 493–513. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X19890745

Ihugba, B. U. (2014). A critical analysis of the auditing and reporting functions of Nigeria Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI) Act 2007 lessons for EITI countries. Journal of International Trade Law and Policy : JITLP, 13(3), 232–245.

Iimi, A. (2007). Escaping from the Resource Curse: Evidence from Botswana and the Rest of the World. IMF Staff Papers, 54(4), 663–699. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.imfsp.9450020

Ikharehon, J., & Omoregie, N. (2015). Corruption and Poverty Challenges in Nigeria. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, 6(1), 96–102.

Iloie, R. E. (2015). Connections between FDI, Corruption Index and Country Risk Assessments in Central and Eastern Europe. Procedia Economics and Finance, 32, 626–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01442-2

Imai, M. (2006). Mixing Family Business with Politics in Thailand. Asian Economic Journal, 20(3), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8381.2006.00234.x

Imam, M. I., Jamasb, T., & Llorca, M. (2019). Sector reforms and institutional corruption: Evidence from electricity industry in Sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Policy, 129, 532–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.043

Imam, P. A., & Jacobs, D. (2014). Effect of Corruption on Tax Revenues in the Middle East. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, 10(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1515/rmeef-2014-0001

Imamah, N., Lin, T.-J., Suhadak, & Hung, J.-H. (2020). The Moderating Effect of an Anti-corruption Campaign on the Relation between Political Connections and Investment

322 

 

Behavior—The Case of Chinese Listed Firms. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 14(1), 14–32. https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v14i1.3

Imami, D., Lami, E., & Uberti, L. J. (2018). Election cycles in mining licensing: Theory and evidence from Albania. Post-Communist Economies, 30(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2017.1361692

Immordino, G., & Pagano, M. (2010). Legal Standards, Enforcement, and Corruption. Journal of the European Economic Association, 8(5), 1104–1132.

In’airat, M. (2014). Aid allocation, selectivity, and the quality of governance. Journal of Economics, Finance & Administrative Science, 19(36), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jefas.2014.03.002

INCERTI, T. (2020). Corruption Information and Vote Share: A Meta-Analysis and Lessons for Experimental Design. The American Political Science Review, 114(3), 761–774. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000305542000012X

Indawati, N. (2015). The Development of Anti- Corruption Education Course for Primary School Teacher Education Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(35), 48–54.

Infante, D., & Smirnova, J. (2016). Environmental Technology Choice in the Presence of Corruption and the Rule of Law Enforcement. Transformations In Business & Economics, 15(1), 214–227.

Infante, Davide, & Smirnova, J. (2009). Rent-seeking under a weak institutional environment. Economics Letters, 104(3), 118–121.

Infante, L., & Piazza, M. (2014). Political connections and preferential lending at local level: Some evidence from the Italian credit market. Journal of Corporate Finance, 29(Journal Article), 246.

Ing, L. (2016). Building and Maintaining an Effective Compliance Program. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 5(1), 24–39.

Ingle, B., & McClure, S. (2008). The Soprano State: New Jersey’s Culture of Corruption. Macmillan. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Hl17n482_KQC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=The+Soprano+State:+New+Jersey%E2%80%99s+Culture+of+Corruption&ots=lRWRMlvkEe&sig=RR6RnAhxyADc1Xpx3MLcZNKpcXA

Inman, K., & Andrews, J. T. (2009). Corruption and political participation in Africa: Evidence from survey and experimental research (pp. 3–6) [Working Paper]. https://fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/evnts/media/Inman_Andrews_Corruption_and_Participation_in_Africa.pdf

323 

 

Innes, A. (2016). Corporate State Capture in Open Societies: The Emergence of Corporate Brokerage Party Systems. East European Politics And Societies, 30(3), 594–620. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325416628957

Innes, Abby. (2014). The Political Economy of State Capture in Central Europe: The political economy of state capture in central Europe. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(1), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12079

Innes, R., & Mitra, A. (2013). Is dishonesty contagious? Economic Inquiry, 51(1), 722–734.

International Council on Human Rights Policy. (2009). Corruption and Human Rights: Making the Connection. https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=248148

International Council on Human Rights Policy, C. (2010). Integrating Human Rights into the Anti-corruption agenda: Challenges, possibilities and opportunities.

International Monetary Fund. (2016). Corruption: Costs and Mitigating Strategies (SDN/16/05).

Ionescu, Luminija. (2015). Electoral accountability and political corruption. Economics, Management & Financial Markets, 10(3), 63.

Ionescu, Luminita. (2010). The relationship between government effectiveness and corruption. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 5(4), 226.

Ionescu, Luminita. (2014). The Adverse Effects of Corruption on Growth and Development. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 9(4), 125–130.

Ionescu, Luminita. (2015a). The Economics of Corruption in Professional Sport. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 10(2), 109–114.

Ionescu, Luminita. (2015b). The Role of E-Government in Curbing the Corruption in Public Administration. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 10(1), 48–53.

Ionescu, Luminita. (2015c). Why do Electors Support Corrupt Politicians? Economics, Management & Financial Markets, 10(4), 61–68.

Ionescu, Luminita. (2016a). E-Government and Social Media as Effective Tools in Controlling Corruption in Public Administration. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 11(1), 66–72.

Ionescu, Luminiţa. (2016). Has China’s Anti-corruption Strategy Reduced Corruption or Purged Political Rivals? Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice, 8(1), 245–251.

Ionescu, Luminita. (2016b). Political and Economic Determinants of Public Corruption in the United States. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 11(2), 87–93.

Ionescu, Luminiţa. (2018). Where Does It Hurt? Governance and Corruption in Health Care

324 

 

Delivery in CEE Countries. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 13(3), 80–85. https://doi.org/10.22381/EMFM13320185

Ionescu, Luminiţa, Lăzăroiu, G., & Iosif, G. (2012). Corruption and bureaucracy in public services. Amfiteatru Economic, 14, 665–679.

Iossa, E., & Martimort, D. (2011). Post-tender corruption and risk allocation: Implications for public-private partnerships (CEIS Research Paper 195). Tor Vargata University. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1846507

Iossa, E., & Martimort, D. (2016). Corruption in PPPs, Incentives and Contract Incompleteness. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 44(Journal Article), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.10.007

Iqbal, M. S., & Seo, J.-W. (2008). E-Governance as an anti-corruption tool: Korean Cases. Journal of Korean. http://www.karis21.or.kr/karis21admin/adaction/down/03Iqbal_Seo.pdf

Iqbal, Q., & Ahmad, N. (2020). Workplace spirituality and nepotism-favouritism in selected ASEAN countries: The role of gender as moderator. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 14(1), 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-01-2018-0019

Iriyama, A., Kishore, R., & Talukdar, D. (2016). Playing dirty or building capability? Corruption and HR training as competitive actions to threats from informal and foreign firm rivals. Strategic Management Journal, 37(10), 2152–2173. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2447

Isaksson, A.-S. (2015). Corruption Along Ethnic Lines: A Study of Individual Corruption Experiences in 17 African Countries. Journal of Development Studies, 51(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.947282

Isaksson, A.-S., & Kotsadam, A. (2018). Chinese aid and local corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 159, 146–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.01.002

Isham, J. (2005). The Varieties of Resource Experience: Natural Resource Export Structures and the Political Economy of Economic Growth. The World Bank Economic Review, 19(2), 141–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhi010

Ishiguro, S. (2004). Collusion and discrimination in organizations. Journal of Economic Theory, 116(2), 357–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2003.07.002

Ishola Mobolaji, H., & Omoteso, K. (2009). Corruption and economic growth in some selected transitional economies. Social Responsibility Journal, 5(1), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471110910940014

Islam, A., & Lee, W.-S. (2016). Bureaucratic Corruption and Income: Evidence from the Land Sector in Bangladesh. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(10), 1499–1516.

325 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1146702

Islam, M. (2014). Bribery and corruption in Australian local councils. Public Money & Management, 34(6), 441.

Islam, M. A., Dissanayake, T., Dellaportas, S., & Haque, S. (2016). Anti-bribery disclosures: A response to networked governance. Accounting Forum, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2016.03.002

Islam, M. A., Haque, S., Dissanayake, T., Leung, P., & Handley, K. (2015). Corporate Disclosure in Relation to Combating Corporate Bribery: A Case Study of Two Chinese Telecommunications Companies: Corporate Disclosure in Relation to Combating Corporate Bribery. Australian Accounting Review, 25(3), 309–326. https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12064

Islam, Rabiul, Walkerden, G., & Amati, M. (2017). Households’ experience of local government during recovery from cyclones in coastal Bangladesh: Resilience, equity, and corruption. Natural Hazards, 85(1), 361–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2568-6

Islam, Roumeen. (2006). Does More Transparency Go Along With Better Governance? Economics and Politics, 18(2), 121–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2006.00166.x

Islam, Roumeen. (2007). Economic Information and Finance: More Information Means More Credit, Fewer Bad Loans, and Less Corruption. World Bank Publications.

Islam, Roumeen, & Montenegro, C. E. (2002). What determines the quality of institutions? (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2764). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=634477

Islamova, E., & Golovko, I. (2017). The Implementation of the Human Rights Prosecutor of Powers by the Courts When Considering Civil Cases Challenging the Dismissal of Employees Who Committed Corruption Offences. Krymskij Naučnyj Vestnik, 2, 3–22.

Ismail, A., & Rashid, K. (2014). Time series analysis of the nexus among corruption, political instability and judicial inefficiency in Pakistan. Quality & Quantity, 48(5), 2757–2771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9922-5

Ismail Adelopo. (2018). Trust Deficit and Anti-corruption Initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4059-z

Isra, S., Yuliandri, F., Amsari, H., & Tegnan, H. (2017). Obstruction of justice in the effort to eradicate corruption in Indonesia. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2017.07.001

Issacharoff, S. (2010). On Political Corruption. Harvard Law Review, 124(1), 118.

326 

 

Itebiye, B. O. (2016). Corruption in Nigerian Society and the Insouciancing of the Church in the Light of Micah 3:9-12. European Scientific Journal, 12(20), 328. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.vl2n20p328

Ivanov, E., Van der Merwe, A., Stevens, P., Bottino, T., Carmo, L. U. do, Goldschmidt, P. C., Estellita, H., Onok, M., Scomparin, L., Quattrocolo, S., & others. (2014). Legal Regulation of Combating Corruption. Report of the LSGL’s Research Group (Law Schools Global League Research Paper No. 2). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2461487

Ivanov, K. (2010). The 2007 accession of Bulgaria and Romania: Ritual and reality. Global Crime, 11(2), 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669217

Ivanov, K. S. (2007). The Limits of a Global Campaign against Corruption. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and Development (pp. 28–45). Palgrave Macmillan UK. http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9780230590625_2

Ivanyna, M., Moumouras, A., & Rangazas, P. (2016). The Culture of Corruption, Tax Evasion, and Economic Growth. Economic Inquiry, 54(1), 520–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12228

Ivanyna, M., Mourmouras, A., & Rangazas, P. (2015). Corruption, Public Debt, and Economic Growth [Working Paper]. https://msu.edu/~ivanynam/research/corr_debt/Ivanyna_Mourmouras_Rangazas_Corruption_Public_Debt_2015.pdf

Ivanyna, M., & Shah, A. (2011). Decentralization and corruption: New cross-country evidence. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 29(2), 344–362. https://doi.org/10.1068/c1081r

Iversen, V., Chhetry, B., Francis, P., Gurung, M., Kafle, G., Pain, A., & Seeley, J. (2006). High value forests, hidden economies and elite capture: Evidence from forest user groups in Nepal’s Terai. Ecological Economics, 58(1), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.05.021

Ives, D., & Guimarães, B. G. (2016). Anti-Corruption Organisms And Us Hegemony In Central America. Revista Conjuntura Austral, 7(37), 04–08.

Ivlevs, A., & King, R. M. (2017). Does emigration reduce corruption? Public Choice, 171(3–4), 389–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-017-0442-z

Ivlevs, Artjoms, & Hinks, T. (2015a). Bribing Behaviour and Sample Selection: Evidence from Post-Socialist Countries and Western Europe. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 139–167.

327 

 

Ivlevs, Artjoms, & Hinks, T. (2015b). Global Economic Crisis and Corruption. Public Choice, 162(3–4), 447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-014-0213-z

Ivory, R. (2014a). Corruption, Asset Recovery, and the Protection of Property in Public International Law: The Human Rights of Bad Guys. Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781107415737

Ivory, R. (2014b). Transparency and Opacity in the International Legal Framework Against Corruption. In A. Castro (Ed.), Buen gobierno y derechos humanos: Nuevas perspectivas en el derecho público para fortalecer la legitimidad... Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.

Ivory, R. (2016). Asset recovery in four dimensions: Returning wealth to victim countries as a challenge for global governance. In Chasing criminal money: Challenges and perspectives on asset recovery in the EU (pp. 1–1). Hart. https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:396551

Ivory, R. D. (2013). The Right to a Fair Trial and International Cooperation in Criminal Matters: Article 6 ECHR and the Recovery of Assets in Grand Corruption Cases. Utrecht Law Review, 9(4), 147. https://doi.org/10.18352/ulr.247

Iwasaki, I., & Suzuki, T. (2007). Transition strategy, corporate exploitation, and state capture: An empirical analysis of the former Soviet states. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 40(4), 393–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2007.10.001

Iwasaki, I., & Suzuki, T. (2012). The determinants of corruption in transition economies. Economics Letters, 114(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.08.016

Iwińska, K., Kampas, A., & Longhurst, K. (2019). Interactions between Democracy and Environmental Quality: Toward a More Nuanced Understanding. Sustainability, 11(6), 1728. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061728

Iyanda, D. O. (2012). Corruption: Definitions, theories and concepts. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(4), 37.

Iyer, D. (2011). Earning a Reputation for Independence: Ghana’s Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice, 1993-2003. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University.

Iyer, D. (2013). Inducing Honesty, Changing Norms: Government Ethics in Brazil, 1995-2004. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University.

Jaakson, K., Johannsen, L., Vadi, M., Ashyrov, G., & Reino, A. (2019). The role of costs, benefits, and moral judgments in private-to-private corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 71(1), 83–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-018-9790-y

328 

 

Jaber-López, T., García-Gallego, A., Perakakis, P., & Georgantzis, N. (2014). Physiological and behavioral patterns of corruption. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 434.

Jablonski, R. S. (2014). How Aid Targets Votes: The Impact of Electoral Incentives on Foreign Aid Distribution. World Politics, 66(2), 293–330. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887114000045

Jackson, A., Forsberg, B., Chansa, C., & Sundewall, J. (2020). Responding to aid volatility: Government spending on district health care in Zambia 2006-2017. Global Health Action, 13(1), 1724672. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1724672

Jackson, G., Brammer, S., Karpoff, J. M., Lange, D., Zavyalova, A., Harrington, B., Partnoy, F., King, B. G., & Deephouse, D. L. (2014). Grey areas: Irresponsible corporations and reputational dynamics. SOCIO-ECONOMIC REVIEW, 12(1), 153–218. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwt021

Jackson, J., Asif, M., Bradford, B., & Zakria Zakar, M. (2014). Corruption and Police Legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan. British Journal of Criminology, 54(6), 1067–1088.

Jackson, M., & Smith, R. (1996). Inside Moves and Outside Views: An Australian Case Study of Elite and Public Perceptions of Political Corruption. Governance, 9(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.1996.tb00232.x

Jackson, R. (2012). Blowing the Whistle on the Pay-to-Play Game: Campaign Financing Reform in New Jersey, 1998-2012. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University.

Jacob, M. S., & Schenke, G. (2020). Partisanship and institutional trust in Mongolia. Democratization, 27(4), 605–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1711060

Jacobs, L. G., & Wagner, B. B. (2007). Limits to the Independent Anti-Corruption Commission Model of Corruption Reform: Lessons from Indonesia. Pac. McGeorge Global Bus. & Dev. LJ, 20, 327.

Jacobson, G. C., & Dimock, M. A. (1994). Checking Out: The Effects of Bank Overdrafts on the 1992 House Elections. American Journal of Political Science, 38(3), 601. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111599

Jacobsson, K. (2006). ‘A Token of Gratitude’? A Morally Ambiguous Case of Bribery. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 7(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14043850600643462

Jacobsson, K. (2012). Accounts of Honesty: Refuting Allegations of Bribery. Deviant Behavior, 33(2), 108–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2010.548294

Jacquemet, N. (2012). Corruption as betrayal: Experimental evidence [Working Paper].

329 

 

Jadhav, P. (2012). Determinants of foreign direct investment in BRICS economies: Analysis of economic, institutional and political factor. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 37, 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.270

Jaeschke, R., Lopatta, K., & Yi, C. (2018). Managers’ use of language in corrupt firms’ financial disclosures: Evidence from FCPA violators. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 34(2), 170–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2018.01.004

Jafari Samimi, A., & Hosseinmardi, H. (2011). Gender and corruption: Evidence from selected developing countries. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 9(6), 718–727.

Jafari Samimi, A., Monfared, M., & Hosseini, M. (2013). Women’s Participation Rate in Labor Market and Corruption. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 14(6), 867–872.

Jafari Samimi, A., Zakeri, Z., Moghaddasi, R., & Azizi, K. (n.d.). Corruption and Fiscal Decentralization: Evidence from Some Developing Countries. Global Journal of Strategies, Governance & Applied Economics, 3(1), 75–86.

Jafari Samimi, Ahmad, & Abedini, M. (2011). Corruption and inflation tax in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: Sensitivity to definition of corruption. Journal of Social & Development Sciences, 1(2), 67–73.

Jafari Samimi, Ahmad, Abedini, M., & Abdollahi, M. (2012). Corruption and Inflation Tax in Selected Developing Countries. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 11(3), 391–395.

Jafari Samimi, Ahmad, & Monfared, M. (2011). Corruption and FDI in OIC Countries. Information Management & Business Review, 2(3), 106–111.

Jafari Samimi, Ahmad, Potanlar, K., & Roshan, A. R. (2010). Corruption and Tax Revenues: New Evidence from Some Developing Countries. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(9), 4218–4222.

Jaffery, I. H., & Mughal, R. A. L. (2020). Money-laundering risk and preventive measures in Pakistan. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(3), 699–714. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-02-2020-0016

Jagger, P., & Shively, G. (2015). Taxes and Bribes in Uganda. Journal of Development Studies, 51(1), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.947278

Jahedi, S., & Méndez, F. (2014). On the advantages and disadvantages of subjective measures. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 98, 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.12.016

Jahnke, B. (2017). How does petty corruption affect tax morale in sub-Saharan Africa? An empirical analysis (No. 008; WIDER Working Paper Series). World Institute for

330 

 

Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). https://ideas.repec.org/p/unu/wpaper/wp2017-8.html

Jaimovich, E., & Rud, J. P. (2014). Excessive public employment and rent-seeking traps. Journal of Development Economics, 106(C), 144–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.09.007

Jain, A. (Ed.). (2001). The Political Economy of Corruption (Vol. 2). Routledge. http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.4324/9780203468388

Jain, A. K. (2011). Corruption: Theory, evidence and policy. CESinfo DICE Report, 9(2), 3–9.

Jain, Arvind K. (2001). Corruption: A Review. Journal of Economic Surveys, 15(1), 71–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6419.00133

Jain, Arvind K. (2005). Can We Fight Corruption Through Debt Relief? In Civil Society and Corruption: Mobilizing for Reform (p. 115). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gHNGPLy_cOwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA115&dq=.+%E2%80%9CCan+We+Fight+Corruption+through+Debt+Relief%3F%E2%80%9D,+in+Micheal+Johnston,+ed.,+Civil+Society+and+Corruption:+Mobilizing+for+Reform+&ots=wDtXRKKI5D&sig=mAj3SnGVkDuYwmonTWESyoQ6wPY

Jain, Arvind K. (2017). Fighting corruption: Contemporary measures in Canada. Canadian Foreign Policy, 23(1), 93–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2016.1270846

Jain, P. K., Kuvvet, E., & Pagano, M. S. (2017). Corruption’s impact on foreign portfolio investment. International Business Review, 26(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.05.004

Jain, R. (2020). Bribery and firm performance in India: A political economy perspective. Journal of Asian Economics, 68, 101181-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101181

Jajkowicz, O., & Drobiszová, A. (2015). The Effect of Corruption on Government Expenditure Allocation in OECD Countries. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 63(4), 1251–1259. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563041251

Jakobi, A. P. (2013). The changing global norm of anti-corruption: From bad business to bad government. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(S1), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0160-y

Jakobi, Anja. (2018). Governing illicit finance in transnational security spaces: The FATF and anti-money laundering. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9750-y

Jakobi, AP. (2017). Global norms and US foreign policy change: The governance of

331 

 

transnational crime. International Politics, 54(6), 683–697. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-017-0059-3

Jaleel, A., & Farooq, U. (2020). Financial Development and Trade Credit: Moderating Role of Corruption. City University Research Journal, 10(3), 343–361.

Jalil, A., Qureshi, A., & Feridun, M. (2016). Is corruption good or bad for FDI? Empirical evidence from Asia, Africa and Latin America. Panoeconomicus, 63(3), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1603259J

Jalles, J. T. (2011). The impact of democracy and corruption on the debt-growth relationship in developing countries. Journal of Economic Development, 36(4), 41.

Jameel, A., Asif, M., Hussain, A., Hwang, J., Sahito, N., & Bukhari, M. H. (2019). Assessing the Moderating Effect of Corruption on the E-Government and Trust Relationship: An Evidence of an Emerging Economy. Sustainability, 11(23), 6540. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236540

James, Jr., H. S. (2002). When Is a Bribe a Bribe? Teaching a Workable Definition of Bribery. Teaching Business Ethics, 6(2), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015261222138

Jamil, F., & Ahmad, E. (2019). Policy considerations for limiting electricity theft in the developing countries. Energy Policy, 129, 452–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.035

Jamil, I., Askvik, S., & Baniamin, H. M. (2016). Citizens’ Trust in Anticorruption Agencies: A Comparison Between Bangladesh and Nepal. International Journal of Public Administration, 39(9), 676–685. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2016.1162805

Janardhanan, V., & Nambudiri, R. (2019). Developing a Corruption-Vulnerability Index for Organizations: A Study of Indian State-Owned Enterprises. Public Administration Quarterly, 43(3), 401–453.

Jancsics, D. (2013). Petty corruption in Central and Eastern Europe: The client’s perspective. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(3), 319–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9451-0

Jancsics, D. (2014). Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Corruption: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Corruption. Sociology Compass, 8(4), 358–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12146

Jancsics, D. (2015a). “A friend gave me a phone number”—Brokerage in low-level corruption. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 43(1), 68.

Jancsics, D. (2015b). Imperatives in informal organizational resource exchange in Central Europe. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 6(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2014.10.001

332 

 

Jancsics, D. (2016). Offshoring at Home? Domestic Use of Shell Companies for Corruption. Public Integrity, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1200412

Jancsics, D. (2018). Shell Companies and Government Corruption. In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (pp. 1–5). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3566-1

Jancsics, D. (2019a). Corruption as Resource Transfer: An Interdisciplinary Synthesis. Public Administration Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13024

Jancsics, D. (2019b). Border Corruption. Public Integrity, 0(0), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2019.1581043

Jancsics, D., & Jávor, I. (2012). Corrupt Governmental Networks. International Public Management Journal, 15(1), 62–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2012.684019

Janenova, S., & Kim, P. S. (2016). Innovating Public Service Delivery in Transitional Countries: The Case of One Stop Shops in Kazakhstan. International Journal of Public Administration, Journal Article, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1064445

Janenova, S., & Knox, C. (2019). Combatting corruption in Kazakhstan: A role for ethics commissioners? Public Administration and Development, 40(3), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1873

Jang, H., Lee, J., & Gibbs, J. C. (2015). The influence of the national government on confidence in the police: A focus on corruption. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2015.01.003

Jansen, E. G. (2013). Don’t rock the boat: Norway’s difficulties in dealing with corruption in development aid. In Tina Søreide & A. Williams, Corruption, Grabbing and Development (pp. 186–195). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781782544401.00027.xml

Jara, G. (2013). Following on the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: The dynamic shareholder derivative suit. Duke LJ, 63, 199.

Jarmuzek, M., & Lybek, T. (2020). Can good governance lower bank intermediation costs? Applied Economics, 52(27), 2960–2976.

Jarso, J. F. (2010). The Media and the Anti-Corruption Crusade in Kenya: Weighing the Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects. Am. U. Int’l L. Rev., 26, 33.

Jarvis, T. (2020). The stabilising impacts of corruption in Nepal’s post-conflict transition. Conflict, Security & Development : CSD, 20(1), 165–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2019.1705073

333 

 

Jatto, L. B. J. (2010). Africa’s Approach to the International War on Corruption: A Critical Appraisal of the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption. Asper Rev. Int’l Bus. & Trade L., 10, 79.

Jaunky, V. C., Jeetoo, J., Bajah, C., & Ramesh, V. (2019). The Importance of Understanding the Anti-Corruption Legislation to Promote Corruption Reporting: Lessons from Mauritius. International Journal Of Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1669049

Jauregui, B. (2014). Provisional agency in India: Jugaad and legitimation of corruption. American Ethnologist, 41(1), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12061

Jauregui, B. (2016). Corruptible Virtue. University of Chicago Press.

Javor, I., & Jancsics, D. (2016). The Role of Power in Organizational Corruption: An Empirical Study. Administration & Society, 48(5), 527–558. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713514845

Javorcik, B. S., & Narciso, G. (2008). Differentiated products and evasion of import tariffs. Journal of International Economics, 76(2), 208–222.

Javorcik, B. S., & Wei, S.-J. (2009). Corruption and cross-border investment in emerging markets: Firm-level evidence. Journal of International Money and Finance, 28(4), 605–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2009.01.003

Jayaram, A. (2004). Corruption and foreign direct investment: A cross-country study [Working Paper]. http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/14054

Jayasuriya, K. (2002). Governance, post-Washington consensus and the new anti-politics. In Corrutpion in Asia: Rethinking the Governance Paradigm (pp. 24–36). Federation Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P0sz_EvRLu8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA24&dq=%E2%80%9CGovernance,+Post-Washington+Consensus+and+the+New+Anti-Politics%E2%80%9D,+in+T.+Lindsey+%26+H.+Dick,+eds.+Corrutpion+in+Asia:+Rethinking+the+Governance+Paradigm+&ots=nxJnNZcrI_&sig=oSsnsaMqu8aRzoxrY2-4BPK9geo

Jayawickrama, N., Pope, J., & Stolpe, O. (2002). Legal provisions to facilitate the gathering of evidence in corruption cases: Easing the burden of proof. United Nations Forum on Crime and Society, 2, 23–32.

Jean, S., & Mitaritonna, C. (2010). Determinants and Pervasiveness of the Evasion of Customs Duties (No. 2010–26; Working Papers). CEPII research center. https://ideas.repec.org/p/cii/cepidt/2010-26.html

Jelloun, T. B. (1996). Corruption. New Press.

Jenkins, R. (2007). India’s Unlikely Democracy: Civil Society Versus Corruption. Journal of

334 

 

Democracy, 18(2), 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2007.0026

Jensen, M. F. (2018). Statebuilding, Establishing Rule of Law and Fighting Corruption in Denmark, 1660–1900. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-14

Jensen, N. M., Li, Q., & Rahman, A. (2010). Understanding corruption and firm responses in cross-national firm-level surveys. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(9), 1481–1504. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2010.8

Jensen, N. M., & Rahman, A. (2015). The silence of corruption: Identifying underreporting of business corruption through randomized response techniques. In P. Heywood (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 154–171). Routledge.

Jensen, N., & Malesky, J. (2014). Does the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention Reduce Bribery? An Empirical Analysis Using the Unmatched Count Technique. Working Paper, available at www. natemjensen. com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/20141205_OECD_Working-Paper_ejm. pdf. http://www.natemjensen.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/20141228_MJ_OECDABC.pdf

Jensen, N., & Wantchekon, L. (2004). Resource Wealth and Political Regimes in Africa. Comparative Political Studies, 37(7), 816–841. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414004266867

Jensen, Nathan. (2002). Economic reform, state capture, and international investment in transition economies. Journal of International Development, 14(7), 973–977. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.937

Jensen, Nathan, & McGillivray, F. (2005). Federal Institutions and Multinational Investors: Federalism, Government Credibility, and Foreign Direct Investment. International Interactions, 31(4), 303–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050620500303365

Jensen, Neil, & Png, C. (2011). Implementation of the FATF 40+9 Recommendations: A perspective from developing countries. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 14(2), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685201111127777

Jensen, P. S., & Justesen, M. K. (2014). Poverty and vote buying: Survey-based evidence from Africa. ELECTORAL STUDIES, 33(Journal Article), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.07.020

Jensen, S., & Andersen, M. K. (2017). Corruption and Torture: Violent Exchange and the policing of the urban poor. Aalborg Universitetsforlag.

335 

 

http://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/corruption-and-torture(c387fbc6-d14b-4531-a809-8dc159202761).html

Jensen, S., & Hapal, K. (2018). Police Violence and Corruption in the Philippines: Violent Exchange and the War on Drugs. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 37(2), 39.

Jeong, G.-H. (2013). Personal Vote-Seeking Incentives of Legislators and Bureaucratic Corruption [Working Paper].

Jeong, Y., & Siegel, J. I. (2018). Threat of falling high status and corporate bribery: Evidence from the revealed accounting records of two South Korean presidents. Strategic Management Journal, 39(4), 1083–1111. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2747

Jeong, Y., & Weiner, R. J. (2011). Conflict and corruption in international trade: Who helped Iraq circumvent United Nations sanctions? In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (p. 376). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QbZEbihNOfUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA376&dq=Conflict+and+Corruption+in+International+Trade:+Who+Helped+Iraq+Circumvent+United+Nations+Sanctions%E2%80%9D,+in+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption&ots=dGIlFPmBZU&sig=62tF4U69I_TgG3uqoMecM0ZfMsg

Jeong, Y., & Weiner, R. J. (2012). Who bribes? Evidence from the United Nations’ oil-for-food program. Strategic Management Journal, 33(12), 1363–1383. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.1986

Jerome, A., Adjibolosoo, S., & Busari, D. (2005). Addressing Oil Related Corruption in Africa: Is the Push for Transparency Enough? Review of Human Factor Studies, 11(1), 7–32.

Jetter, M., Agudelo, A. M., & Hassan, A. R. (2015). The Effect of Democracy on Corruption: Income is Key. World Development, 74, 286–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.05.016

Jetter, M., & Osorio, A. M. (2016). Racism and judicial corruption in the US (No. 014965; DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO CIEF). UNIVERSIDAD EAFIT. https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000122/014965.html

Jetter, M., & Parmeter, C. F. (2018). Sorting through global corruption determinants: Institutions and education matter – Not culture. World Development, 109, 279–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.013

Jetter, M., & Parmeter, C. F. (2020). Reply to “A Replication of ‘Sorting through Global Corruption Determinants: Institutions and Education Matter— Not Culture’ (World Development, 2018).” Public Finance Review, 48(4), 568–576. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142120921851

336 

 

Jetter, M., & Walker, J. K. (2015). Good girl, bad boy: Corrupt behavior in professional tennis (No. 012545; DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO CIEF). UNIVERSIDAD EAFIT. https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000122/012545.html

Jeydel, P. (2011). Yoking the Bull: How to make the FCPA Work for US Business. Geo. J. Int’l L., 43, 523.

Jha, C. K. (2019). Financial reforms and corruption: Evidence using GMM estimation. International Review of Economics & Finance, 62, 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2019.03.003

Jha, C. K., & Sarangi, S. (2017). Does social media reduce corruption? Information Economics and Policy, 39(June 2017), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2017.04.001

Jha, C. K., & Sarangi, S. (2018). Women and corruption: What positions must they hold to make a difference? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 151, 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.03.021

Jha, R. R. (2018). India’s Anti-corruption Authorities: Lokpal and Lokayukta. Indian Journal of Public Administration, 64(3), 502–517. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019556118788480

Jia, R., & Nie, H. (2017). Decentralization, Collusion, and Coal Mine Deaths. Review Of Economics And Statistics, 99(1), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00563

Jia, W. (2017). In the Aftermath of Foreign Bribery: The Ripple Effects of Anti-Corruption Enforcement on U.S. Multinational Firms. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

Jiang, G., Lo, T. W., & Li, C. (2013). Youths’ Views on Corruption Control in China: Politics and Social Censure. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(12), 1498–1521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X12457351

Jiang, K., & Wang, S. (2017). A Contractual Analysis of State versus Private Ownership. China Economic Review, 43, 142–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2017.01.011

Jiang, T., Lindemans, J. W., & Bicchieri, C. (2015). Can Trust Facilitate Bribery? Experimental Evidence from China, Italy, Japan, and The Netherlands. Social Cognition, 33(5), 483–504. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2015.33.5.483

Jiang, T., & Nie, H. (2014). The stained China miracle: Corruption, regulation, and firm performance. Economics Letters, 123(3), 366–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2014.03.026

Jibir, A., Abdu, M., & Muhammad, T. (2020). Analysis of Tax Compliance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Firm-Level Study. Econometric Research in Finance, 5(2).

Jimenez, A, Russo, M., Kraak, J., & Jiang, G. (2017). Corruption and Private Participation

337 

 

Projects in Central and Eastern Europe. Management International Review, 57(5), 775–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-017-0312-4

Jimenez, Alfredo, & Bayraktar, S. (2020). Political risk in private participation projects: The effects of political discretionality and corruption. Thunderbird International Business Review, 62(2), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22120

Jimenez, F., & Cainzos, M. (2006). How far and why do corruption scandals cost votes. In J. Garrard & J. L. Newell (Eds.), Scandals in past and contemporary politics (pp. 194–212). Manchester University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=nDksFA0DYVAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA194&dq=%E2%80%9CHow+Far+and+Why+Do+Corruption+Scandals+Cost+Votes%3F%E2%80%9D+in+John+Garrard+%26+James+L.+Newell+eds.,+Scandals+in+Past+and+Contemporary+Politics+&ots=yZj5FGX3JF&sig=pxg3UULdRVecHlAipxHYCsCu3qA

Jiménez, F., & Villoria, M. (2011). Political finance, urban development and political corruption in Spain. In J. Mendilow (Ed.), Public Funding of Political Competition and the Future of Democracy (pp. 121–144). Lexington Books.

Jiménez, Fernando. (2009). Building Boom and Political Corruption in Spain. South European Society and Politics, 14(3), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608740903356541

Jiménez, Fernando, & Caínzos, M. (2003). Political Corruption in Spain. In M. J. Bull & J. L. Newell (Eds.), Corruption in Contemporary Politics (pp. 9–23). Palgrave Macmillan UK. http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9781403919991_2

Jiménez, Fernando, García-quesada, M., & Villoria, M. (2014). Integrity Systems, Values, and Expectations: Explaining Differences in the Extent of Corruption in Three Spanish Local Governments. International Journal of Public Administration, 37(2), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2013.836666

Jiménez, Fernando, Villoria, M., & Quesada, M. G. (2012). Badly designed institutions, informal rules and perverse incentives: Local government corruption in Spain. Lex Localis, 10(4), 363.

Jiménez, J., & García, C. (2018a). Does local corruption punish national parties votes? Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-018-9806-7

Jiménez, J., & García, C. (2018b). Does local public corruption generate partisan effects on polls? Crime, Law and Social Change, 69(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9671-1

Jimenez, L. F. (1998). The Inter-American Convention Against Corruption. Am. Soc. Int’l L. Proceedings, 92, 157-.

338 

 

Jimoh, R. G., Longe, O. B., & Ndunagu, J. N. (2018). Information about Electronic Governance: A Tool to Curb Corruption in Nigeria. Jurnal the Messenger, 10(2), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v10i2.874

Jin, J. (2005). Corruption and the Time Horizons of Politicians [Working Paper]. ProQuest. http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9056403

Jing-Schmidt, Z., & Peng, X. (2017). Winds and tigers: Metaphor choice in China’s anti-corruption discourse. Lingua Sinica, 3(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40655-016-0017-9

Jintao Lu, Licheng Ren, Jiayuan Qiao, Siqin Yao, Wadim Strielkowski, & Justas Streimikis. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corruption: Implications for the Sustainable Energy Sector. Sustainability, 11(15), 4128. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154128

Joel, T., Turner, M., & Hutchinson, C. (2018). ‘Playing Dead’ and Killing Off Amateurism: Bribery Scandals, Illegal Player Payments, Rule Expunging, and the Victorian Football League’s Authorization of Professionalism in 1911. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2018.1508018

Jõeveer, K. (2013). Firm, country and macroeconomic determinants of capital structure: Evidence from transition economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(1), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.05.001

Joh, S. W. (2003). Corporate governance and firm profitability: Evidence from Korea before the economic crisis. Journal of Financial Economics, 68(2), 287–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(03)00068-0

Johannsen, L., & Pedersen, K. H. (2020). Tell-tale tit: Retaliation on whistleblowers in public administration. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 73(4), 457–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09872-3

Johari, R., Rosnidah, I., Nasfy, S. S., & Hussin, S. (2020). The Effects of Ethical Orientation, Individual Culture and Ethical Climate on Ethical Judgement of Public Sector Employees in Malaysia. Economics & Sociology, 13(1), 132–145. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2020/13-1/9

Johnsen, D. B. (2009). The Ethics of “Commercial Bribery”: Integrative Social Contract Theory Meets Transaction Cost Economics. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(S4), 791–803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0323-6

Johnson, C. (1986). Tanaka Kakuei, Structural Corruption, and the Advent of Machine Politics in Japan. Journal of Japanese Studies, 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/132445

Johnsøn, J. (2012). Theories of change in anti-corruption work: A tool for programme design

339 

 

and evaluation. U4 Issue.

Johnson, J. E., Einarsdóttir, Þ., & Pétursdóttir, G. M. (2013). A Feminist Theory of Corruption: Lessons from Iceland. Politics & Gender, 9(02), 174–206. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X13000032

Johnson, J., & Mason, P. (2013). The Proxy Challenge: Why bespoke proxy indicators can help solve the anticorruption measurement problem. U4 Brief, July, 2.

Johnson, J., & Soreide, T. (2013). Methods for Learning What Works and Why in Anti-Corruption. U4 Issue 2013:8.

Johnson, J. W. (2015). Presidential elections and corruption perceptions in Latin America/Elecciones presidenciales y percepciones de corrupcion en America Latina. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 7(1), 111–143.

Johnson, Jackie. (2020). Bitcoin, corruption and economic freedom. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2018-0122

Johnsøn, Jesper. (2014). Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of governance and anti-corruption activities. U4 Issue, 10.

Johnsøn, Jesper. (2015). Corruption and Stabilisation: Aid Agencies’ Anti-corruption Strategies in Fragile States. Edward Elgar.

Johnson, Jesper. (2015). Corruption—New Strategies. In B. Rider (Ed.), Research Handbook on International Financial Crime. Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781783475780.xml

Johnson, Jesper, & Hardoon, D. (2012). Why, When and How to Use the Global Corruption Barometer. U4 Brief, 2012(5). http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.422.3819&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Johnsøn, Jesper, Hechler, H., De Sousa, L., & Mathisen, H. (2011). How to monitor and evaluate anti-corruption agencies: Guidelines for agencies, donors and evaluators. U4 Issue Paper, 8.

Johnsøn, Jesper, Taxell, N., & Zaum, D. (2012). Mapping evidence gaps in anti-corruption: Assessing the state of the operationally relevant evidence on donors’ actions and approaches to reducing corruption. U4 Issues Paper, 2012, 7.

Johnson, L. K. (2020). Narcissistic people, not narcissistic nations: Using multilevel modelling to explore narcissism across countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110079

Johnson, N. D., LaFountain, C. L., & Yamarik, S. (2011). Corruption is bad for growth (even in

340 

 

the United States). Public Choice, 147(3–4), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9634-5

Johnson, N., Ruger, W., Sorens, J., & Yamarik, S. (2014). Corruption, regulation, and growth: An empirical study of the United States. Economics of Governance, 15(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-013-0132-3

Johnson, O. E. (1975). An economic analysis of corrupt government, with special application to less developed countries. Kyklos, 28(1), 47–61.

Johnson, R. N., & Libecap, G. D. (1995). Courts, a protected bureaucracy, and reinventing government. Ariz. L. Rev., 37, 791.

Johnson, S., Boone, P., Breach, A., & Friedman, E. (2000). Corporate governance in the Asian financial crisis. Journal of Financial Economics, 58(1–2), 141–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(00)00069-6

Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D., McMillan, J., & Woodruff, C. (2000). Why do firms hide? Bribes and unofficial activity after communism. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 495–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00094-8

Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D., & Zoido-Lobaton, P. (1998). Regulatory discretion and the unofficial economy. The American Economic Review, 88(2), 387–392.

Johnson, S., McMillan, J., & Woodruff, C. (2002). Property Rights and Finance. American Economic Review, 92(5), 1335–1356. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282802762024539

Johnson, S., & Mitton, T. (2003). Cronyism and capital controls: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Financial Economics, 67(2), 351–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(02)00255-6

Johnson, V. R. (1998). America’s Preoccupation with Ethics in Government. St. Mary’s Law Journal, 30, 717.

Johnston, M. (2007). Understanding the private side of corruption: New kinds of transparency, new roles for donors. U4 Brief, Anti-Corruption Resource Center, 6, 419–431.

Johnston, M., & Johnsøn, J. (2014). Doing the Wrong Things for the Right Reasons?: “Do No Harm” as a Principle of Reform. U4 Brief, 13.

Johnston, Michael. (1983). Corruption and Political Culture in America: An Empirical Perspective. CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs, 13(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.2307/3330069

Johnston, Michael. (1986a). Right and Wrong in American Politics: Popular Conceptions of Corruption. Polity, 18(3), 367. https://doi.org/10.2307/3234766

341 

 

Johnston, Michael. (1986b). The Political Consequences of Corruption: A Reassessment. Comparative Politics, 18(4), 459. https://doi.org/10.2307/421694

Johnston, Michael. (1991). Historical Conflict and the Rise of Standards. Journal of Democracy, 2(4), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1991.0052

Johnston, Michael. (1997). Political corruption and public policy in America. Praeger. https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=82018

Johnston, Michael. (1998). Fighting systemic corruption: Social foundations for institutional reform. The European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578819808426703

Johnston, Michael. (1999). A Brief History of Anticorruption Agencies. In A. Schedler (Ed.), The self-restraining state: Power and accountability in new democracies. Lynne Rienner Publishers. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=MD8Vx1HLOZgC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=%E2%80%9CA+Brief+History+of+Anticorruption+Agencies,%E2%80%9D+in+Schedler,+Andreas+et+al.+The+Self-Restraining+State:+Power+and+Accountability+in+New+Democracies&ots=-kQ2vnxIS-&sig=6XmoB0MvG7ZIvg1vZohMLs8j5kM

Johnston, Michael. (2001). Measuring corruption: Numbers versus knowledge versus understanding. In A. Jain (Ed.), The Political Economy of Corruption (Vol. 2). Routledge. http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.4324/9780203468388.pt4

Johnston, Michael. (2005a). Political parties and democracy in theoretical and practical perspectives. Political Finance Policy, Parties and Democratic Development. http://kasyp.net/fileadmin/kasyp_files/Documents/reused/PP_Political_Finance_Policy_Parties___Democratic_Develpt_Michael_Johnston.pdf

Johnston, Michael. (2005b). Syndromes of corruption: Wealth, power, and democracy. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zd9LMket_E4C&oi=fnd&pg=PR10&dq=Syndromes+of+Corruption:+Wealth,+Power,+and+Democracy.+Cambridge:+Cambridge+University+Press&ots=eVtozCIASw&sig=OEBTjY6E4hinOzvJ1ZPvkDmuzaI

Johnston, Michael. (2008a). Japan, Korea, the Philippines, China: Four syndromes of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 49(3), 205–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-007-9095-z

Johnston, Michael. (2008b). The Search for Definitions: The Vitality of Politics and the Issue of Corruption. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00035

Johnston, Michael. (2010a). Political and social foundations for reform: Anti-corruption

342 

 

strategies for the Philippines.

Johnston, Michael. (2010b). Assessing Vulnerabilities to Corruption: Indicators and Benchmarks of Government Performance. Public Integrity, 12(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922120202

Johnston, Michael. (2013). How do I vote the scoundrels out? Why voters might not punish corrupt politicians at the polls. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(5), 503–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9477-3

Johnston, Michael. (2014a). Corruption, contention and reform: The power of deep democratization. Cambridge University Press.

Johnston, Michael. (2014b). Reflection and Reassessment: The emerging agenda of corruption research. In Paul M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 273–287). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wWzfBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA273&dq=%E2%80%9CReflection+and+Reassessment:+The+Emerging+Agenda+of+Corruption+Research%E2%80%9D+,+in+Paul+M.+Heywood+ed.,+The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Political+Corruption+&ots=C8RgsXRBZR&sig=my_q8RdBDPXNVHvwnsW11vsHKzw

Johnston, Michael. (2015). Making transparency real? Accounting and popular participation in corruption control. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 28(Journal Article), 97–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2015.01.009

Johnston, Michael. (2018). Reforming Reform: Revising the Anticorruption Playbook. Daedalus, 147(3), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00502

Johnston, Michael. (2019). Limits and Ironies of Transparency: Controlling Corruption in American Elections. Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, 18(3), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.1089/elj.2018.0530

Johnston, Michael, & Hao, Y. (1995). China’s Surge of Corruption. Journal of Democracy, 6(4), 80–94. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0068

Johnston, Michael, & Kpundeh, S. (2005). Building Social Action Coalitions for Reform. In Civil Society and Corruption: Mobilizing for Reform (pp. 149–168). Lanham, MD: University Press of America. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gHNGPLy_cOwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA149&dq=Building+Social+Action+Coalitions+for+Reform%E2%80%9D,+in+Micheal+Johnston,+ed.,+Civil+Society+and+Corruption:+Mobilizing+for+Reform+&ots=wDtXSJGM2G&sig=VVURSu8T2aX2BH1I2BbMjjcU9v8

Johnston, Michael, & Kpundeh, S. J. (2004). Building a clean machine: Anti-corruption

343 

 

coalitions and sustainable reform. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 3466. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=647610

Johnstone, P., & Brown, G. (2004). International controls of corruption: Recent responses from the USA and the UK. Journal of Financial Crime, 11(3), 217–248. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790410809158

Jon, A. D., Moran, J., & Watt, D. (2001). Managing anti-corruption agencies. Forum on Crime and Society, 1, 69–87.

Jonck, P., & Swanepoel, E. (2016). The influence of corruption: A South African case. Policing, 39(1), 159–174.

Jones, A., & da Silva Pereira Neto, C. M. (2020). Combatting Corruption and Collusion in Public Procurement: Lessons From Operation Car Wash. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3712858

Jones, David S. (2009). Curbing Corruption in Government Procurement in Southeast Asia: Challenges and Constraints. Asian Journal of Political Science, 17(2), 145–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370903077444

Jones, David Seth. (2016). Combatting corruption in Brunei Darussalam. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 141–158.

Jones, S., Dietsche, E., & Weinzirl, S. (2006). Corruption: Measuring prevalence and costs [DfID Policy Paper]. Oxford Policy Management.

Jongen, H. (2018). The authority of peer reviews among states in the global governance of corruption. Review of International Political Economy, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2018.1512891

Jonsson, S. (2018). The Complex Relationship between Police Corruption and Sex Trafficking in Origin Countries. Journal of Human Trafficking, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2017.1422090

Jordan, J. (2010a). OECD’s Call for an End to Corrosive Facilitation Payments and the International Focus on the Facilitation Payments Exception under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, The. U. Pa. J. Bus. L., 13, 881.

Jordan, J. (2010b). Recent Developments in the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the New UK Bribery Act: A Global Trend Towards Greater Accountability in the Prevention of Foreign Bribery. NYUJL & Bus., 7, 845.

Jordan, J. (2011). Adequate Procedures Defense under the UK Bribery Act: A British Idea for the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, The. Stan. JL Bus. & Fin., 17, 25.

344 

 

Jordan, J. (2016). World Tours and the Summer Olympics: Recent Pitfalls Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in the Areas of Gifts, Entertainment, and Travel. Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 21(2), 295–326.

Jordan, J. (2017). BNY Mellon And Qualcomm: A Recent Focus On Improper Hiring Practices In Violation Of The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Loyola Law Review, 63, 1–179.

Jordan, W. C. (2009). Anti-corruption campaigns in thirteenth-century Europe. Journal of Medieval History, 35(2), 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmedhist.2009.03.004

Jorum Duri. (2020). Dirty money as legal fees in Namibia and Zimbabwe: Are lawyers laundering proceeds of crime? Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(2), 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-08-2019-0067

Jos, P. H. (1993). Empirical corruption research: Beside the (moral) point? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 3(3), 359–375.

Joseph, A. A. (2007). Public Corruption: The Government’s Expansive View in Pursuit of Local and State Officials. Cumb. L. Rev., 38, 567.

Joseph, C. J., Gunawan, J., Sawani, Y., Rahmat, M., Noyem, J. A., & Darus, F. (2016). A comparative study of anti-corruption practice disclosure among Malaysian and Indonesian Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) best practice companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 2896–2906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.091

Josephs, H. K. (2000). The upright and the low-down: An examination of official corruption in the United States and the people’s Republic of China. Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 27, 269.

Joulfaian, D. (2009). Bribes and Business Tax Evasion. European Journal of Comparative Economics, 6(2), 227–244.

Jourdain, E., Cerino, E., Delamare, Z., Delestrade, A., Françoise, M., Lafaille, I., Mahé, H., & de Traversay, L. P. S. (2020). Tackling corruption in global health. The Lancet (British Edition), 396(10245), 162–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30312-3

Joutsen, M. (2012). The United Nations Convention Against Corruption. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption (pp. 303–317). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=g3GfGTxJNaAC&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=%E2%80%9CThe+United+Nations+Convention+Against+Corruption%E2%80%9D,+in+Adam+Graycar+%26+Russell+G.+Smith+eds.,+Handbook+of+Global+Research+and+Practice+in+Corruption+&ots=eDMYpC7Lc2&sig=lZ2H8AW7RuCqwe0cSl6iVrVEIyA

345 

 

Joutsen, M., & Graycar, A. (2012). When experts and diplomats agree: Negotiating peer review of the UN Convention Against Corruption. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 18(4), 425–439.

Jucá, I. C., Melo, M. A., & Rennó, L. (2016). The Political Cost of Corruption: Scandals, Campaign Finance, and Reelection in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 8(2), 3–36.

Judd, S. (2003). Introduction. In Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-use (pp. 1–12). Elsevier. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781856173896500023

Jude, J. (2019). Will Corruption in Argentina Prevent the Protection of Personal Tax Information it Exchanges Under its FATCA and CRS Commitments?(Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, Common Reporting Standard). University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 50(1), 163.

Judge, W. Q., McNatt, D. B., & Xu, W. (2011). The antecedents and effects of national corruption: A meta-analysis. Journal of World Business, 46(1), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2010.05.021

Julián, M., & Bonavia, T. (2020a). Psychological variables related to corruption: A systematic review. 36(2), 330-. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.389371

Julián, M., & Bonavia, T. (2020b). Understanding unethical behaviors at the university level: A multiple regression analysis. Ethics & Behavior, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2020.1723101

Jun, D. (2000). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Structural Corruption. Boston University International Law Journal, 18, 273–278.

Jun, D. Y. (1996). Bribery Among the Korean Elite: Putting an End to a Cultural Ritual and Restoring Honor. Vand. J. Transnat’l L., 29, 1071.

June, R., Chowdhury, A., Heller, N., & Werve, J. (2008). A users’ guide to measuring local governance. United nations development programme (UNDP). Oslo governance centre.

Junghagen, S., & Aurvandil, M. (2020). Structural Susceptibility to Corruption in FIFA: A Social Network Analysis. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 12(4), 655–677. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2020.1832133

Jurkiewicz, C. L., & Giacalone, R. A. (2016). Organizational Determinants of Ethical Dysfunctionality. Journal of Business Ethics, 136(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2344-z

Justesen, M. K., & Bjørnskov, C. (2014). Exploiting the poor: Bureaucratic corruption and poverty in Africa. World Development, 58, 106–115.

346 

 

Juwita, R. (2018). Good Governance and Anti-Corruption: Responsibility to Protect Universal Health Care in Indonesia. Hasanuddin Law Review, 4(2), 162–180. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i2.1424

Juwono, V. (2020). One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: The Retrogression of Governance Reform and Anti-corruption Measure in Indonesia 1999–2001. Jurnal Politik, 6(1), 121–146. https://doi.org/10.7454/jp.v6i1.307

Kacapyr, E. (2001). Business as usual: Corruption and business activity. The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 26(4), 671.

Kaczmarek, S. C., & Newman, A. L. (2011). The Long Arm of the Law: Extraterritoriality and the National Implementation of Foreign Bribery Legislation. International Organization, 65(04), 745–770. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818311000270

Kadt, D. de, & Lieberman, E. S. (2017). Nuanced Accountability: Voter Responses to Service Delivery in Southern Africa. British Journal of Political Science, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123417000345

Kaffenberger, M. (2012). The effect of educational attainment on corruption participation in sub-Saharan Africa [Working Paper]. Vanderbilt University. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03222012-205534/unrestricted/Kaffenberger.pdf

Kahan, D. M. (1998). Social Meaning and the Economic Analysis of Crime. The Journal of Legal Studies, 27(S2), 609–622. https://doi.org/10.1086/468037

Kahana, N., & Liu, Q. (2010). Endemic corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 26(1), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2009.09.001

Kahn, C. M., Silva, E. C. D., & Ziliak, J. P. (2001). Performance-based Wages in Tax Collection: The Brazilian Tax Collection Reform and its Effects. The Economic Journal, 111(468), 188–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00594

Kahn, M. E. (2005). The Death Toll from Natural Disasters: The Role of Income, Geography, and Institutions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(2), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1162/0034653053970339

Kaikati, J. G., Sullivan, G. M., Virgo, J. M., Carr, T. R., & Virgo, K. S. (2000). The Price of International Business Morality: Twenty Years Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Journal of Business Ethics, 26(3), 213–222. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006015110422

Kalantari, B. (2009). Corruption in the Public and Private Organizations: Causes, Consequences and Remedies. International Journal of Ethics, 6(4). http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype

347 

 

=crawler&jrnl=15564444&AN=60989679&h=EMZzoqtqxL%2BjGmxTT0hrfk2MXEkJIImFPewpcm2y5%2F0Opvmya87Khm0CpRimszWo%2F0tgDg%2FD9yUs7EJEsoTgiQ%3D%3D&crl=c

Kalchheim, C. (2004). White Corruption in Israel. In R. A. Johnson (Ed.), The Struggle Against Corruption: A Comparative Study (pp. 53–80). Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403981004_3

Kale, S. (2019). Crime, Corruption, and Political Order in Nigeria and India. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, 39(3), 547–551. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-7885502

Kalenborn, C., & Lessmann, C. (2013). The impact of democracy and press freedom on corruption: Conditionality matters. Journal of Policy Modeling, 35(6), 857–886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.02.009

Kalinowski, T. (2016). Trends and mechanisms of corruption in South Korea. The Pacific Review, Journal Article, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2016.1145724

Kaller, A., Bielen, S., & Marneffe, W. (2018). The impact of regulatory quality and corruption on residential electricity prices in the context of electricity market reforms. Energy Policy, 123, 514–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.09.008

Kalnins, V. (2005). Assessing trends in corruption and impact of anti-corruption measures [Working Paper].

Kalyanakrishnan, S., Edwards, W., Stancil, T. B., Jones, K., Branch, K., Bogan, M., & Trautman, L. J. (2020). Bribery and Corruption in Venezuela: An American Business Perspective (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3541990). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3541990

Kalyuzhnova, Y., & Belitski, M. (2019). The impact of corruption and local content policy in on firm performance: Evidence from Kazakhstan. Resources Policy, 61, 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.01.016

Kalyuzhnova, Y., Kutan, A. M., & Yigit, T. (2009). Corruption and Economic Development in Energy-rich Economies. Comparative Economic Studies, 51(2), 165–180. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2008.46

Kam, C. (2007). Four Lessons about Corruption from Victorian Britain [Unpublished manuscript].

Kam, C. (2017). The Secret Ballot and the Market for Votes at 19th-Century British Elections. Comparative Political Studies, 50(5), 594–635. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414015626451

348 

 

Kaminski, A. Z. (1989). Coercion, Corruption, and Reform: State and Society in the Soviet-Type Socialist Regime. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 1(1), 77–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692889001001006

Kamiński, A. Z. (1997). Corruption Under the Post-Communist Transformation: The Case of Poland. Polish Sociological Review, 118, 91–117.

Kammel, K. P. (2020). Examining Trademark Counterfeiting Legislation, Free Trade Zones, Corruption and Culture in the Context of Illicit Trade: The United States and United Arab Emirates. Michigan State International Law Review, 28(2), 235.

Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., Simon, L. S., & Rich, B. L. (2012). The Psychic Cost of Doing Wrong: Ethical Conflict, Divestiture Socialization, and Emotional Exhaustion. Journal of Management, 38(3), 784–808. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310381133

Kandogan, Y., & Johnson, S. D. (2016). Role of economic and political freedom in the emergence of global middle class. International Business Review, 25(3), 711–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.02.005

Kane, R. J., & White, M. D. (2009). Bad cops. Criminology & Public Policy, 8(4), 737–769. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00591.x

Kanekane, J. (2007). Tolerance and corruption in contemporary Papua New Guinea. In Corruption in Papua New Guinea: Towards an understanding of issues (p. 23).

Kang, D. C. (2002a). Crony Capitalism: Corruption and Development in South Korea and the Philippines. Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9780511606175

Kang, D. C. (2002b). Bad Loans to Good Friends: Money Politics and the Developmental State in South Korea. International Organization, 56(1), 177–207. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081802753485179

Kang, D. C. (2003). Transaction Costs and Crony Capitalism in East Asia. Comparative Politics, 35(4), 439. https://doi.org/10.2307/4150189

Kang, E. T., & Frey, B. D. (2014). The FCPA and the Financial Industry: Understanding and Mitigating Risk. Journal of Taxation & Regulation of Financial Institutions, 27(5). http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=15473996&AN=96681014&h=7%2FmioT0bWORy8dpOMLqZtZTqMvNkkbM1FPQCQQNjFPzhtRFZ7kwK7VWpNjv7eUMFq%2F%2BCuoaO7PZiY37pxWmkaQ%3D%3D&crl=c

Kang, M. S. (2012). The End of Campaign Finance Law. Virginia Law Review, 1–65.

Kang, S. (2018). Rethinking the Global Anti-Money Laundering Regulations to Deter

349 

 

Corruption. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 67(3), 695–720. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589318000106

Kangoye, T. (2013). Does Aid Unpredictability Weaken Governance? Evidence from Developing Countries. The Developing Economies, 51(2), 121–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/deve.12008

Kaniki, S., & Gwatidzo, T. (2012). Determinants of bribery for infrastructure provision in East African manufacturing firms. African Security Review, 21(4), 17–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2012.712874

Kanol, D. (2015). Pluralism, corporatism and perception of corruption. 15(3), 243.

Kanyam, D. A., Kostandini, G., & Ferreira, S. (2017). The Mobile Phone Revolution: Have Mobile Phones and the Internet Reduced Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa? World Development, 99, 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.022

Kaplan, D. S., & Pathania, V. (2010). What influences firms’ perceptions? Journal of Comparative Economics, 38(4), 419–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2010.04.001

Kaptein, M., & Schwartz, M. S. (2008). The Effectiveness of Business Codes: A Critical Examination of Existing Studies and the Development of an Integrated Research Model. Journal of Business Ethics, 77(2), 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9305-0

Kapur, D., & Vaishnav, M. (2018). Builders, Politicians, and Election Finance. In Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India. Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780199487271.001.0001/oso-9780199487271-chapter-4

Karahan, Gökhan R., Coats, R. M., & Shughart, W. F. (2006). Corrupt political jurisdictions and voter participation. Public Choice, 126(1–2), 87–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-4316-z

Karahan, G&#x000F6;khan R., Razzolini, L., & Shughart II, W. F. (2002). Centralized versus decentralized decision-making in a county government setting. Economics of Governance, 3(2), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101010100038

Karalashvili, N., Kraay, A., & Murrell, P. (2018). Doing the Survey Two-Step: The Effects of Reticence on Estimates of Corruption in Two-Stage Survey Questions. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 335–387). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_11

Kardesler, E., & Yetkiner, Ý. H. (2009). The Impact of Corruption on FDI: An Application of Efficient Grease Hypothesis to EU Countries (Working Paper No. 0902). Izmir University of Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/izm/wpaper/0902.html

350 

 

Karhunen, P., & Kosonen, R. (2013). Strategic responses of foreign subsidiaries to host country corruption: The case of Finnish firms in Russia. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 9(1/2), 88–105. https://doi.org/10.1108/17422041311299969

Karhunen, P., & Ledyaeva, S. (2012). Corruption Distance, Anti-corruption Laws and International Ownership Strategies in Russia. Journal of International Management, 18(2), 196–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2011.10.002

Karim, S. (2011). Madame officer. Americas Quarterly, 5(3), 42.

Karklins, R. (2002). Typology of Post-Communist Corruption. Problems of Post-Communism, 49(4), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2002.11655993

Karklins, R. (2005). The system made me do it: Corruption in post-communist societies. ME Sharpe. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=JBYf43IkmDwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Karklins,+Rasma.+2005.+The+System+Made+Me+Do+It:+Corruption+in+Post-Communist+Societies&ots=l58umkC3qP&sig=knfRwZa3HGCI9Znpn-9k40-9Irw

Karl, T. L. (1997). The paradox of plenty: Oil booms and petro-states (Vol. 26). Univ of California Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=I0a3aYDSZBMC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=Karl,+Terry+Lynn.+1997.+The+Paradox+of+Plenty:+Oil+Booms+and+Petro-States+&ots=hZhPNeVUdD&sig=s_PdHxt44XgasbONgcbKracX8T8

Karmann, T., Mauer, R., Flatten, T., & Brettel, M. (2016). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(2), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2305-6

Karpaty, P., & Tingvall, P. G. (2015). Service Offshoring and Corruption: Do Firms Escape Corrupt Countries? Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 15(4), 363–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10842-015-0197-5

Karpoff, J. M., Lee, D. S., & Martin, G. S. (2014). The economics of foreign bribery: Evidence from FCPA enforcement actions [Working Paper]. http://www.fox.temple.edu/cms/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/karpoff-KLM-bribery-paper-23Jan2014.pdf

Karpoff, J. M., Lee, D. S., & Vendrzyk, V. P. (1999). Defense Procurement Fraud, Penalties, and Contractor Influence. Journal of Political Economy, 107(4), 809–842. https://doi.org/10.1086/250080

Kartal, Mart. (2014). The EU’s Impact on National Corruption in Central and Eastern Europe: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis [Working Paper].

351 

 

Kartal, Mart, & Pevehouse, J. (2014). International institutions and the rule of law: The case of national corruption [Working Paper].

Kartal, Mert. (2014). Accounting for the bad apples: The EU’s impact on national corruption before and after accession. Journal of European Public Policy, 21(6), 941–959. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.910820

Kartal, Mert. (2020). Incentivizing the Opposition: The EU’s Impact on Good Governance in Central and Eastern Europe. Comparative European Politics (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 18(5), 751–770. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-020-00207-4

Kasekende, E., Abuka, C., & Sarr, M. (2016). Extractive industries and corruption: Investigating the effectiveness of EITI as a scrutiny mechanism. Resources Policy, 48(Journal Article), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.03.002

Kashem, M. B. (2005). The social organization of police corruption: The case of Bangladesh. In Policing corruption: International perspectives (Vol. 3, p. 237). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=JnfjSotiQ8IC&oi=fnd&pg=PA237&dq=%E2%80%9CThe+Social+Organization+of+Police+Corruption:+The+Case+of+Bangladesh%E2%80%9D,&ots=rYijRBtKYr&sig=ibb7zsXMBTn5qBW8HBmyRcxaWIk

Kasimbazi, E. (2004). Taxpayers’ Rights and Obligations: Analysis of Implementation and Enforcement Mechanisms in Uganda. Danish Institute for International Studies, DIIS. http://diis.dk/files/media/documents/publications/emk_taxpayers_obligations_uganda.pdf

Kassem, R., & Higson, A. (2016). External Auditors and Corporate Corruption: Implications for External Audit Regulators. Current Issues in Auditing, 10(1), P1.

Kasum, A. (2009). The Relevance of Forensic Accounting to Financial Crimes in Private and Public Sectors of Third World Economies: A Study from Nigeria (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1384242). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1384242

Katharina Michaelowa & Anke Weber. (2006). Chapter 18 Aid Effectiveness in the Education Sector: A Dynamic Panel Analysis. In Theory and Practice of Foreign Aid (Vol. 1, pp. 357–385). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-8715(06)01018-9

Kato, A., & Sato, T. (2014). The effect of corruption on the manufacturing sector in India. Economics of Governance, 15(2), 155–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-014-0140-y

Kato, A., & Sato, T. (2015). Greasing the wheels? The effect of corruption in regulated manufacturing sectors of India. Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue Canadienne d’études Du Développement, Journal Article, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2015.1026312

352 

 

Kato, J., Mershon, C., & Kawata, J. (2006). Internal party organization in the Italian Christian democrats and Japanese liberal democrats: Factional competition for office, clienteles, and corrupt exchange. In Comparing Political Corruption and Clientelism (pp. 77–114). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=X3Tb0Glw3G0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA77&dq=%E2%80%9CInternal+Party+Organization+in+the+Italian+Christian+Democrats+and+Japanese+Liberal+Democrats:+Factional+Competition+for+Office,+Clienteles,+and+Corrupt+Exchange%E2%80%9D,+in+Juichi+Kawata+ed.,+Comparing+Political+Corruption+and+Clientalism+&ots=-YDuoEuCJR&sig=RE1hDgOtkWWYUormOdB2EuWt4GE

Katou, A. A. (2014). The relationship between corrupt practices and organisational performance: An empirical investigation. Int.J.of Business Governance and Ethics, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBGE.2013.059162

Katsios, S. (2006). The shadow economy and corruption in Greece. South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 1(2006), 61–80.

Katsios, S. (2016a). Corruption as a Governance Challenge and the Role of Civil Society. Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, 1, 192–197.

Katsios, S. (2016b). Making Promises Good: The Anti-Money Laundering Regime as a Multi-Purpose Tool for Governance. Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, 2, 227–232.

Katzarova, E. (2018). From global problems to international norms: What does the social construction of a global corruption problem tell us about the emergence of an international anti-corruption norm. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(3), 299–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9733-z

Katzarova, E. (2019). The Social Construction of Global Corruption—From Utopia to Neoliberalism. Palgrave Macmillan. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783319985688

Katzner, T. E. (2005). Corruption–a double-edged sword for conservation? A response to Smith &amp; Walpole. Oryx, 39(3), 260–262. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605305000748

Kauder, B., & Potrafke, N. (2015). Just hire your spouse! Evidence from a political scandal in Bavaria. European Journal of Political Economy, 38(Journal Article), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.12.007

Kaufman, E. (Edy. (2017). The Impact of Occupation on Israel’s Corruption: No Wall Can Stop a Half Century Contagious Disease. Palestine - Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture, 22(2/3), 119–125.

Kaufmann, D. (1997). Corruption: The facts. Foreign Policy, 107, 114–131.

Kaufmann, D. (2004). Governance Matters III: Governance Indicators for 1996, 1998, 2000, and

353 

 

2002. The World Bank Economic Review, 18(2), 253–287. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhh041

Kaufmann, Daniel. (1999). Anticorruption Strategies: Starting Afresh? Unconventional Lessons from Comparative Analysis. In Rick Stapenhurst & S. J. Kpundeh, Curbing corruption: Toward a model for building national integrity (pp. 35–50). World Bank.

Kaufmann, Daniel. (2005). Myths and realities about Governance and Corruption. In Global Competitiveness Report 2005-2006 (pp. 81–98). Oxford University Press.

Kaufmann, Daniel. (2010). Can Corruption Adversely Affect Public Finances in Industrialized Countries? http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2010/04/19-corruption-kaufmann

Kaufmann, Daniel. (2015). Corruption Matters. Finance and Development, 52(3), 20–23.

Kaufmann, Daniel, & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth without Governance. Economía, 3(1), 169–229. https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.2002.0016

Kaufmann, Daniel, Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2006). Measuring Governance Using Perceptions Data. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), Handbook of Economic Corruption (pp. 52–104). Edward Elgar.

Kaufmann, Daniel, Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2007a). Growth and Governance: A Reply. The Journal of Politics, 69(2), 555–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00550.x

Kaufmann, Daniel, Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2007b). The worldwide governance indicators project: Answering the critics (No. WPS4149; pp. 1–34). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/03/7411664/worldwide-governance-indicators-project-answering-critics

Kaufmann, Daniel, Mehrez, G., & Gurgur, T. (2004). Voice or Public Sector Management? An Empirical Investigation of Determinants of Public Sector Performance based on a Survey of Public Officials (World Bank Research Working Paper ID 316865). http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=316865

Kaufmann, Daniel, Montoriol-Garriga, J., & Recanatini, F. (2008). How does bribery affect public service delivery? Micro-evidence from service users and public officials in Peru (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4492). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1088550

Kaufmann, Daniel, & Siegelbaum, P. (1996). Privatization and Corruption in Transition Economies. Journal of International Affairs, 50(2), 419–458.

Kaufmann, Daniel, & Vicente, P. C. (2011). Legal Corruption. Economics & Politics, 23(2), 195–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2010.00377.x

354 

 

Kaufmann, Daniel, & Wei, S.-J. (1999). Does" grease money" speed up the wheels of commerce? (IMF Working Papers 00/64). National bureau of economic research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w7093

Kautz, C. (2020). Power Struggle or Strengthening the Party: Perspectives on Xi Jinping’s Anticorruption Campaign. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 25(3), 501–511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-020-09665-9

Kawata, Junʼichi. (2006). Mafia, Corrupted Violence and Incivism. In Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 133–156). Ashgate.

Kaymak, T., & Bektas, E. (2015). Corruption in Emerging Markets: A Multidimensional Study. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 785–805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0814-4

Ke, B., Liu, N., & Tang, S. (2017). The Effect of Anti-Corruption Campaign on Shareholder Value in a Weak Institutional Environment: Evidence from China (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2963478). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2963478

Keane, A., Jones, J. P. G., Edwards-Jones, G., & Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2008). The sleeping policeman: Understanding issues of enforcement and compliance in conservation. Animal Conservation, 11(2), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00170.x

Keefer, P. (2007). Clientelism, Credibility, and the Policy Choices of Young Democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 51(4), 804–821. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00282.x

Keefer, P. (2011). Collective action, political parties, and pro-development public policy. Asian Development Review, 28(1), 94–118.

Keefer, P., & Khemani. (2005). Democracy, Public Expenditures, and the Poor: Understanding Political Incentives for Providing Public Services. The World Bank Research Observer, 20(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lki002

Keefer, P., & Khemani, S. (2011). Mass media and public services: The effects of radio access on public education in Benin (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5559). The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-5559

Keefer, P., & Khemani, S. (2012). Do informed citizens receive more...or pay more ? The impact of radio on the government distribution of public health benefits (No. WPS5952; pp. 1–37). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/15640759/informed-citizens-receive-moreor-pay-more-impact-radio-government-distribution-public-health-benefits

Keefer, P., & Knack, S. (2007). Boondoggles, Rent-Seeking, and Political Checks and Balances:

355 

 

Public Investment under Unaccountable Governments. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(3), 566–572. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.89.3.566

Keefer, P., & Vlaicu, R. (2008). Democracy, Credibility, and Clientelism. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 24(2), 371–406. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewm054

Keenan, P. J. (2009). Curse or cure? China, Africa, and the effects of unconditioned wealth. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 27(1), 84–126.

Keene, S. D. (2017). Corruption, legitimacy, and stability: Implications for the U.S. Army. Strategic Studies Institute and USArmy War College Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.FDLP_batch:ocn989513171

Keig, D. L., Brouthers, L. E., & Marshall, V. B. (2015). Formal and Informal Corruption Environments and Multinational Enterprise Social Irresponsibility. The Journal of Management Studies, 52(1), 89.

Keiser, R. (2015). Urban Regime Change: A Silver Lining for Scandals. Urban Affairs Review, 51(4), 504–532. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087414537604

Keliher, M., & Wu, H. (2016). Corruption, Anticorruption, and the Transformation of Political Culture in Contemporary China. The Journal of Asian Studies, 75(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002191181500203X

Kelley, J. G., & Simmons, B. A. (2015). Politics by Number: Indicators as Social Pressure in International Relations: POLITICS BY NUMBER. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12119

Kelley, T. (2012). Corruption as institution among small businesses in Africa. Florida Journal of International Law, 24(1), 1–54.

Kelman, S. (2002). Remaking Federal Procurement. Public Contract Law Journal, 31(4), 581–622.

Kelsall, T. (2011). Rethinking the Relationship between Neo-patrimonialism and Economic Development in Africa. IDS Bulletin, 42(2), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2011.00213.x

Kempe, R. (2018). Institutions and the culture dimension of corruption in Nigeria. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-018-9779-6

Kempe, R. (2019). The police corruption “crime problem” in Kenya. Security Journal, 32(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-018-0149-y

Kempe, R. H. (2018). Controlling Corruption Through Integrity Committees: The Case of Zambia. Public Integrity, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1468203

356 

 

Kempf, R. J. (2015). Crafting accountability policy: Designing offices of inspector general. Policy and Society, 34(2), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.05.003

Kennedy, D. (1999). The international anti-corruption campaign. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 455–465.

Kennedy, D. W., & Danielsen, D. (2011). Busting Bribery: Sustaining the Global Momentum of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Open Society Foundations. https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/15172636

Kennedy, Ja, & Anderson, C. (2017). Hierarchical rank and principled dissent: How holding higher rank suppresses objection to unethical practices. Organizational Behavior And Human Decision Processes, 139, 30–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.01.002

Kennedy, James, & Kroeze, R. (2018). The Paradox of “A High Standard of Public Honesty”: A Long-Term Perspective on Dutch History. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-15

Kennedy, Roberts. (2019). Conception and Regulation of the Political of Law of Corruption Eradication in Indonesia Reform Era. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(10), 130–137. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i10.904

Kennedy, Ryan, & Tiede, L. (2013). Economic Development Assumptions and the Elusive Curse of Oil. International Studies Quarterly, 57(4), 760–771. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12065

Kenny, C. (2006). Measuring And Reducing The Impact Of Corruption In Infrastructure. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-4099

Kenny, C. (2009a). Is there an anticorruption agenda in utilities? Utilities Policy, 17(2), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.07.004

Kenny, C. (2009b). Measuring Corruption in Infrastructure: Evidence from Transition and Developing Countries. Journal of Development Studies, 45(3), 314–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802265066

Kenny, C. (2017). Results not receipts: Counting the right things in aid and corruption. Center For Global Development. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:20170725muse56983

Kenny, C., Klein, M. U., & Sztajerowska, M. (2011). A Trio of Perspectives on Corruption: Bias, Speed Money and “Grand Theft Infrastructure” (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5889). Social Science Research Network.

357 

 

http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1965920

Kenny, C., & Musatova, M. (2006). Red Flags of Corruption’ in World Bank Projects: An Analysis of Infrastructure Projects. In International handbook on the economics of corruption. Edward Elgar-c2011.

Kenny, C., & Soreide, T. (2008). Grand Corruption In Utilities (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4805). The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-4805

Kenny, P. D. (2015a). Colonial rule, decolonisation, and corruption in India. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 53(4), 401–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2015.1089002

Kenny, P. D. (2015b). The Origins of Patronage Politics: State Building, Centrifugalism, and Decolonization. British Journal of Political Science, 45(1), 141–171. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000712341300015X

Kerkhoff, T. (2016). Princely Patronage and Patriot Cause: Corruption and Public Value Dynamics in the Dutch Republic (1770s–1780s). Public Integrity, 18(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2015.1093403

Kessing, S. G., Konrad, K., & Kotsogiannis, C. (2007). Foreign direct investment and the dark side of decentralization. Economic Policy, 49, 6–70.

Ketan, J. (2007). Use and Abuse of Electoral Development Funds and their Impact on Electoral Politics and Governance in Papua New Guinea (Centre for Democratic Institutions Policy Paper 2007/02). http://archives.cap.anu.edu.au/cdi_anu_edu_au/_research/2007-08/D_P/2007_08_PPS4_PNG_Ketan/2007_08_PPS4_KETAN.pdf

Ketkar, K., Murtuza, A., & Ketkar, S. (2005). Impact of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment and Tax Revenues. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 17(3), 313–340.

Ketterer, T. (2018). Institutions vs. ‘first‐nature’ geography: What drives economic growth in Europe’s regions? Papers in Regional Science, 97(S1), S25–S62. https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12237

Ketterer, T., & Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2015). Local quality of government and voting with one’s feet. The Annals of Regional Science, 55(2), 501–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-015-0714-9

Khachatryan, E., Kube, S., & Vollan, B. (2015). Mitigating extortive corruption? Experimental evidence. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 228–241.

Khadjavi, M., Lange, A., & Nicklisch, A. (2017). How transparency may corrupt − experimental

358 

 

evidence from asymmetric public goods games. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 142, 468–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.07.035

Khair, A., Haniffa, R., Hudaib, M., & Abd Karim, M. (2015). Personalisation of power, neoliberalism and the production of corruption. Accounting Forum, 39(3), 225.

Khakbaz-Poor, N., & Zarandi, S. (2015). The Effect of Electronic Government on the Administrative Corruption of Employees with an Emphasis on Administrative Violations. International Review of Management and Business Research, 4(3), 713–730.

Khalil, F., & Lawarrée, J. (2006). Incentives for Corruptible Auditors in the Absence of Commitment. Journal of Industrial Economics, 54(2), 269–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6451.2006.00283.x

Khalil, F., Lawarrée, J., & Yun, S. (2010). Bribery versus extortion: Allowing the lesser of two evils. RAND Journal of Economics, 41(1), 179–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2009.00095.x

Khalil, S., Saffar, W., & Trabelsi, S. (2015). Disclosure Standards, Auditing Infrastructure, and Bribery Mitigation. 132(2), 379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2321-6

Khalymon, S. I., Puzyrov, M. S., & Prytula, A. M. (2019). Problems of implementation of whistleblower institution in Ukraine. Juridical Tribune, 9(2), 436–454.

Khamfula, Y. (2007). Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in EP and IS Countries: The Role of Corruption. The World Economy, 30(12), 1843–1854. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.01055.x

Khan, Anupriya, & Krishnan, S. (2019). Conceptualizing the impact of corruption in national institutions and national stakeholder service systems on e-government maturity. International Journal of Information Management, 46, 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.014

Khan, Aq, Khwaja, A. I., & Olken, B. A. (2016). Tax Farming Redux: Experimental Evidence on Performance Pay for Tax Collectors. Quarterly Journal of Economics; Q.J.Econ., 131(1), 219–271. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv042

Khan, Feisal. (2008). Understanding the Spread of Systemic Corruption in the Third World. American Review of Political Economy, 6(2), 16–39.

Khan, Feisal. (2016). Combating corruption in Pakistan. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 195–210.

Khan, Firoz. (2018). Neopatrimonialism and corruption: Towards a new common sense. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 36(4), 553–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2019.1574399

359 

 

Khan, M. (2006). Determinants of corruption in developing countries: The limits of conventional economic analysis. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (pp. 216–244).

Khan, M., & Jomo, K. (2000). Rents, rent-seeking and economic development: Theory and evidence in Asia.

Khan, M. M. (2003). Political and Administrative Corruption: Concepts, Comparative Experiences and the Bangladesh Case. Asian Affairs, 25(1), 5–33.

Khan, Muhammad Asif, Chaudhary, G. M., & Khalid Latif. (2020). How Consumer Confidence, Corruption and Credit Rating Effect the Exchange Rate: Emerging Market Perspective. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 6(2), 367–379. https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v6i2.1109

Khan, Muhammad Asif, Popp, J., Talib, M. N. A., Lakner, Z., Khan, M. A., & Oláh, J. (2020). Asymmetric Impact of Institutional Quality on Tourism Inflows Among Selected Asian Pacific Countries. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), 12(3), 1223-. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031223

Khan, Muhammad Atif, Gu, L., Khan, M. A., & Oláh, J. (2020). Natural resources and financial development: The role of institutional quality. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 56, 100641-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2020.100641

Khan, Mushtaq H. (1996a). A Typology of Corrupt Transactions in Developing Countries. IDS Bulletin, 27(2), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1996.mp27002003.x

Khan, Mushtaq H. (1996b). The efficiency implications of corruption. Journal of International Development, 8(5), 683–696. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1328(199609)8:5<683::AID-JID411>3.0.CO;2-4

Khan, Mushtaq H. (1998). Patron—Client Networks and the Economic Effects of Corruption in Asia. The European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578819808426700

Khan, Mushtaq H. (1998). The role of civil society and patron-client networks in the analysis of corruption. In Corruption and Integrity Improvement Initiatives in Developing Countries. UNDP. http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/the-role-of-civil-society-and-patron-client-networks-in-the-analysis-of-corruption/

Khan, Mushtaq H. (2001). The new political economy of corruption. In Development Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond the Washington Consensus. London: Routeledge.

Khan, Mushtaq H. (2012). Governance during Social Transformations: Challenges for Africa.

360 

 

New Political Economy, 17(5), 667–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2012.732276

Khan, Mustaq H. (2004). Corruption, Governance and Economic Development. In The New Development Economics. Zed Press.

Khandekar, A., & Reddy, D. S. (2015). An Indian summer: Corruption, class, and the Lokpal protests. 15(2), 221–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540513498614

Khandker, A. (2015). The effect of economic freedom on corruption: The case of South Asian countries. Int.J.of Economics and Business Research, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2015.069674

Khanna, A. (2017). Revisiting the Oil Curse: Does Ownership Matter? World Development, 99, 214–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.026

Khanna, J., & Johnston, M. (2007). India’s middlemen: Connecting by corrupting? Crime, Law and Social Change, 48(3), 151–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-007-9086-0

Khemani, M. (2009a). Anti-Corruption Commissions in the African State: Burying the Problem or Addressing the Issue? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1334286). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1334286

Khemani, M. (2009b). The Role of Anti-Corruption Commissions in Changing Cultural Attitudes toward Corruption and the Rule of Law [Working Paper].

Khemani, S. (2006). Local Government Accountability for Health Service Delivery in Nigeria. Journal of African Economies, 15(2), 285ff.

Khemani, S. (2007a). Can Information Campaigns Overcome Political Obstacles to Serving the Poor? In The Politics of Service Delivery in Democracies: Better Access for the Poor (pp. 56–69). http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.133.7367&rep=rep1&type=pdf#page=61

Khemani, S. (2007b). Does delegation of fiscal policy to an independent agency make a difference? Evidence from intergovernmental transfers in India. Journal of Development Economics, 82(2), 464–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.04.001

Khemani, S. (2010). Political capture of decentralization: Vote-buying through grants-financed local jurisdictions (No. WPS5350; pp. 1–37). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/06/12469071/political-capture-decentralization-vote-buying-through-grants-financed-local-jurisdictions

Khemani, S. (2013). Buying votes vs. supplying public services: Political incentives to under-invest in pro-poor policies (No. WPS6339; pp. 1–38). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17200957/buying-votes-vs-supplyin

361 

 

g-public-services-political-incentives-under-invest-pro-poor-policies

Khera, R. (2011a). India’s Public Distribution System: Utilisation and Impact. Journal of Development Studies, 47(7), 1038–1060. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2010.506917

Khera, R. (2011b). Trends in Diversion of PDS Grain (Working Paper id:3793). eSocialSciences. https://ideas.repec.org/p/ess/wpaper/id3793.html

Khojastehpour, M. (2015). How does corporate social responsibility avoid the incidence of corruption in international expansion? European Business Review, 27(3), 334–342.

Khruakham, S., & Lee, J. (2013). Cross-Nation Comparison of the Intolerance to Police Misconduct: Findings from a Thai Police Cadet Survey. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 15(3), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2013.15.3.314

Khumawala, S., & Ramchand, L. (2005). Country Level Corruption and Frequency of Issue in the U.S. Market. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 17(3), 341–364.

Khwaja, A. I. (2009). Can good projects succeed in bad communities? Journal of Public Economics, 93(7), 899–916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.02.010

Khwaja, A. I., & Mian, A. (2005). Do Lenders Favor Politically Connected Firms? Rent Provision in an Emerging Financial Market. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(4), 1371–1411.

Khwaja, A. I., & Mian, A. (2011). Rent Seeking and Corruption in Financial Markets. 3(1 1), 579–600. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-061109-080310

Khyareh, M. M. (2019). A cointegration analysis of tax evasion, corruption and entrepreneurship in OECD countries. Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 3627–3646. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1674175

Kibler, M. L. (2019). The Foreign Emoluments Clause: Tracing the Framers’ Fears About Foreign Influence Over the President. New York University Annual Survey of American Law, 74(2), 496.

Kidd, J., & Richter, F.-J. (2003). Introduction: Corruption and Its Measures. In Fighting corruption in Asia: Causes, effects and remedies (pp. 1–26). World Scientific. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=9LfUCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=%E2%80%9CIntroduction:+Corruption+and+Its+Measures%E2%80%9D,+in+John+B.+Kidd+%26+Frank-Jurgen+Richter+eds.,+Fighting+Corruption+in+Asia:+Causes,+Effects,+and+Remedies+&ots=SQr-KszThx&sig=LcXjiTLLJeONMo3W1LmJAeX8acI

Killingsworth, J., Hossain, N., Hedrick-Wong, Y., Thomas, S., Rahman, A., & Begum, T. (1999). Unofficial fees in Bangladesh: Price, equity and institutional issues. Health

362 

 

Policy and Planning, 14(2), 152–163.

Kim, C.-K. (2007). A Cross-national Analysis of Global E-government. Public Organization Review, 7(4), 317–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-007-0040-5

Kim, C.-K. (2014). Anti-Corruption Initiatives and E-Government: A Cross-National Study. Public Organization Review, 14(3), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-013-0223-1

Kim, D. S., Li, Y., & Tarzia, D. (2018). Value of corruption in China: Evidence from anti-corruption investigation. Economics Letters, 164, 112–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2018.01.021

Kim, D.-H., & Lin, S.-C. (2017). Natural Resources and Economic Development: New Panel Evidence. Environmental and Resource Economics, 66(2), 363–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9954-5

Kim, E., Ha, Y., & Kim, S. (2017). Public Debt, Corruption and Sustainable Economic Growth. Sustainability, 9(3), <xocs:firstpage xmlns:xocs=""/>. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030433

Kim, H. (2020). Corruption as Infrastructure: Rendering the New Saigon Global. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 44(6), 1057–1071. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12951

Kim, H. J., & Sharman, J. C. (2014). Accounts and accountability: Corruption, human rights, and individual accountability norms. International Organization, 68(2), 417.

Kim, H. T., Papanastassiou, M., & Nguyen, Q. (2017). Multinationals and the impact of corruption on financial derivatives use and firm value: Evidence from East Asia. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 39, 39–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2017.02.001

Kim, J. B. (1999). Korean implementation of the OECD bribery convention: Implications for global efforts to fight corruption. UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal, 17(2 3), 245–275.

Kim, J., & Kim, J. B. (1997). Cultural Differences in the Crusade Against International Bribery: Rice-Cake Expenses in Korea and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 6, 549–755.

Kim, P. S. (2007). Building National Integrity Through Corruption Eradication in South Korea. International Public Management Review, 8(2), 138–163.

Kim, S. B. (2016). Dangling the Carrot, Sharpening the Stick: How an Amnesty Program and Qui Tam Actions Could Strengthen Korea’s Anti-Corruption Efforts. Northwestern Journal Of International Law & Business, 36(1), 235–266.

Kim, Seongcheol, Kim, H. J., & Lee, H. (2009). An institutional analysis of an e-government

363 

 

system for anti-corruption: The case of OPEN. Government Information Quarterly, 26(1), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2008.09.002

Kim, Suhee, Rees, W., & Sila, V. (2020). Do anti‐bribery laws reduce the cost of equity? Evidence from the U.K. Bribery Act 2010. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 47(3–4), 438–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12434

Kim, Taek. (2003). Comparative Study of Anti-Corruption Systems, Efforts and Strategies in Asian Countries: Focusing on Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and Korea. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 349–375). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0014

Kim, Taeyoung, & Kim, H. (2017). Which country uses public social expenditure efficiently among OECD countries? Applied Economics Letters, 24(10), 677–680. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2016.1221031

Kim, Y. J., & Kim, E. S. (2016). Exploring the interrelationship between public service motivation and corruption theories. Evidence - Based HRM, 4(2), 181–186.

Kimbro, M. B. (2002). A cross-country empirical investigation of corruption and its relationship to economic, cultural, and monitoring institutions: An examination of the role of accounting and financial statements quality. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 17(4), 325–349.

Kimchoeun, P., & Craig, D. (2008). Accountability and Public Expenditure Management in Decentralised Cambodia. http://www.cdri.org.kh/webdata/download/wp/wp38e.pdf

Kimchoeun, P., Vuthy, H., Netra, E., Sovatha, A., Sedara, K., Knowles, J., & Craig, D. (2007). Accountability and Neo-Patrimonialism in Cambodia: A Critical Literature Review. Cambodia Development Resource Institute. http://lbj.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/file/WP34e.pdf

Kimura, K. (2001). Partnerships Between the Public and Private Sectors to Fight Corruption Linked to Organized Crime. In K. ADB-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region : Seoul (Ed.), Progress in the fight against corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Papers presented at the joint ABD-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region, Seoul, Korea, 11-13 December 2000. Asian Development Bank.

Kimya, F. (2018). Political economy of corruption in Turkey: Declining petty corruption, rise of cronyism? Turkish Studies, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2018.1531352

Kindra, G. (1998). Social Marketing strategies to fight corruption (World Bank Institute Working Paper 18874; pp. 75–86).

364 

 

King, C., & Lord, N. (2020). Deferred Prosecution Agreements in England and Wales: Castles Made of Sand? Public Law, 330.

Kingdon, G., & Muzammil, M. (2009). A Political Economy of Education in India: The Case of Uttar Pradesh. Oxford Development Studies, 37(2), 123–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600810902874626

Kingston, C. (2005). Social Capital and Corruption: Theory, and Evidence from India [Working Paper]. https://www3.amherst.edu/~cgkingston/India.pdf

Kingston, C. (2007). Parochial corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 63(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2005.05.008

Kingston, C. (2008). Social structure and cultures of corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 67(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2007.06.001

Kinley, D. (2014). A New Human Right to Freedom from Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2393205). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2393205

Kinnear, J. (1995). The ethics of international business: Foreign policy and economic sanctions. Vital Speeches of the Day, 61(18), 561.

Kirya, M. T. (2020). Promoting anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in the recruitment and promotion of health workers to safeguard health outcomes. Global Health Action, 13(sup1), 1701326. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1701326

Kiselev, E. (2012). Bribe-Taking and Bureaucratic Competition: A Search Cost Model of Corruption. Working paper [Working Paper]. http://people.brandeis.edu/~ekiselev/Bribe%20Taking%20and%20Bureaucratic%20Competition%20Final.pdf

Kiselev, E. (2013). Lobbying, Corruption, and Regulatory Constraints: An Analysis of Eastern European Business Associations [MPRA Paper]. University Library of Munich, Germany. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/51936.htm

Kishor, N., & Damania, R. (2007). Crime and justice in the Garden of Eden: Improving governance and reducing corruption in the forestry sector. The Many Faces of Corruption. The World Bank, Washington, DC.

Kishore, A., & Chakrabarti, S. (2015). Is more inclusive more effective? The “New Style” public distribution system in India. Food Policy, 55(Journal Article), 117.

Kis-Katos, K., & Schulze, G. (2013). Corruption in Southeast Asia: A survey of recent research. Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 27(1), 79–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/apel.12004

Kisubi, M. (1999). Involving Civil Society in the Fight Against Corruption. In Curbing

365 

 

corruption: Toward a model for building national integrity (pp. 117–125). World Bank.

Kjaer, A. (2004). Old brooms can sweep too! An overview of rulers and public sector reforms in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 42(3), 389–413. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X04000242

Kjærvik, J. (2013). Corruption and the Duration of Political Regimes, 1984-2008 [Working Paper]. University of Oslo. http://oatd.org/oatd/record?record=oai%5C%3Awww.duo.uio.no%5C%3A10852%5C%2F36963

Kjellberg, F. (1992). Corruption as an analytical problem: Some notes on research in public corruption. Indian Journal of Administrative Science, 3(1–2), 195–221.

Kjellberg, F. (1994). Conflict of interest, corruption or (simply) scandals? Crime, Law and Social Change, 22(4), 339–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01302924

Klapper, L., Laeven, L., & Rajan, R. (2006). Entry regulation as a barrier to entrepreneurship. Journal of Financial Economics, 82(3), 591–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.09.006

Klasnja, M. (2011). Why Do Malfeasant Politicians Maintain Political Support? Testing the “Uninformed Voter” Argument (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1901683). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1901683

Klašnja, M. (2015). Corruption and the Incumbency Disadvantage: Theory and Evidence. The Journal of Politics, 77(4), 928–942. https://doi.org/10.1086/682913

Klašnja, M. (2017). Uninformed Voters and Corrupt Politicians. American Politics Research, 45(2), 256–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X16684574

Klašnja, M., Little, A. T., & Tucker, J. A. (2018). Political Corruption Traps. Political Science Research and Methods, 6(3), 413–428. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2016.45

Klašnja, M., & Tucker, J. A. (2013). The economy, corruption, and the vote: Evidence from experiments in Sweden and Moldova. Electoral Studies, 32(3), 536–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.05.007

Klasnja, M., Tucker, J. A., & Deegan-Krause, K. (2016). Pocketbook vs. Sociotropic Corruption Voting. British Journal of Political Science, 46(1), 67–94. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000088

Klaw, B. (2012). A New Strategy For Preventing Bribery And Extortion In International Business Transactions. Harvard Journal on Legislation, 49(2), 303–371.

Kleiman, M. A. R. (1993). Enforcement swamping: A positive-feedback mechanism in rates of

366 

 

illicit activity. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 17(2), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(93)90240-Y

Kleiman, M., & Kilmer, B. (2009). The dynamics of deterrence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 106(34), 14230–14235.

Klein, C. B. (1999). What exactly is an unlawful gratuity after United States v. Sun-Diamond Growers? George Washington Law Review, 68(1), 116–133.

Kleinberg, J. (2014). The Dynamics of Corruptogenic Organizations. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 64(4), 420–443. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.2014.64.4.420

Kleiner, T.-M. (2016). Why We Trust Other Nations: The Role of Cultural Values and Corruption in Generating Transnational Trust. Comparative Sociology, 15(1), 85.

Kleven, H. J., Knudsen, M. B., Kreiner, C. T., Pedersen, S., & Saez, E. (2010). Unwilling or Unable to Cheat? Evidence from a Randomized Tax Audit Experiment in Denmark (Working Paper No. 15769). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w15769

Klich, A. (1996). Bribery in economies in transition: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Stanford Journal of International Law, 32(1), 121–147.

Klitgaard, R. (1997). Cleaning up and invigorating the civil service. Public Administration and Development, 17(5), 487–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-162X(199712)17:5<487::AID-PAD981>3.0.CO;2-1

Klitgaard, R. (2006). Subverting Corruption. Global Crime, 7(3–4), 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440570601063724

Klitgaard, R. (2011). Fighting corruption. CESifo DICE Report : Journal for Institutional Comparisons ; the International Platform of Ludwig-Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute for Economic Research, 9(2), 31–35.

Klitgaard, R. (2015). Addressing Corruption Together (OECD). OECD. https://www.oecd.org/dac/governance-peace/publications/FINAL%20Addressing%20corruption%20together.pdf

Klitgaard, R. E. (1991). Controlling corruption. University of California Press.

Klitgaard, R. E. (2000). Corrupt cities: A practical guide to cure and prevention. ICS Press ; Washington, DC.

Klitgaard, R. E., United States. National Commission on the Public Service, & Pardee Rand Graduate School. (2005). Choosing and Using Performance Criteria. In High-performance government: Structure, leadership, incentives. RAND.

367 

 

http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2005/RAND_MG256.pdf

Klochko, M., & Ordeshook, P. (2003). Corruption, Cooperation and Endogenous Time Discount Rates. Public Choice, 115(3), 259–283. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024268211998

Klockars, C. B., Kutnjak Ivkovic, S., Harver, W. E., & Haberfeld, M. R. (2000). The Measurement of Police Integrity. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/181465.pdf

Klomp, J., & De Haan, J. (2008). Effects of Governance on Health: A Cross‐National Analysis of 101 Countries. Kyklos, 61(4), 599–614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2008.00415.x

Klooster, D. (2000). Institutional Choice, Community, and Struggle: A Case Study of Forest Co-Management in Mexico. World Development, 28(1), 1–20.

Klugman, J. (1986). The psychology of Soviet corruption, indiscipline and resistance to reform. Political Psychology, 7(1), 67–82.

Knack, S. (2001). Aid dependence and the quality of governance: Cross-country empirical tests. Southern Economic Journal, 68(2), 310–329.

Knack, S. (2002). Governance and growth: Measurement and evidence [Working Paper]. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28050/

Knack, S. (2004). Does Foreign Aid Promote Democracy? International Studies Quarterly, 48(1), 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00299.x

Knack, S. (2007). Measuring Corruption: A Critique of Indicators in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Journal of Public Policy, 27(3), 255–291. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X07000748

Knack, S. (2009). Sovereign Rents and Quality of Tax Policy and Administration. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37(3), 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2009.04.001

Knack, S., & Azfar, O. (2003). Trade intensity, country size and corruption. Economics of Governance, 4(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101010200051

Knack, S., Biletska, N., & Kacker, K. (2019). Deterring Kickbacks and Encouraging Entry in Public Procurement Markets: Evidence from Firm Surveys in 90 Developing Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 33(2), 287–309. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhy016

Knack, S., & Rahman, A. (2007). Donor fragmentation and bureaucratic quality in aid recipients. Journal of Development Economics, 83(1), 176–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.02.002

Kneen, P. (2000). Political corruption in Russia and the Soviet Legacy. Crime, Law and Social

368 

 

Change, 34(4), 349–367. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026510706947

Knights, M. (2018a). Anticorruption in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Britain. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-13

Knights, M. (2018b). Explaining Away Corruption in Pre-Modern Britain. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 94–117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000141

Knoll, M., & Zloczysti, P. (2012). The Good Governance Indicators of the Millennium Challenge Account: How Many Dimensions are Really Being Measured? World Development, 40(5), 900–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.010

Knott, P. J. H., & Miller, P. G. J. (2006). Social welfare, corruption and credibility. Public Management Review, 8(2), 227–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030600587455

Knox, C. (2009). Dealing with sectoral corruption in Bangladesh: Developing citizen involvement. Public Administration and Development, 29(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.523

Knutsen, C. H., Kotsadam, A., Olsen, E. H., & Wig, T. (2017). Mining and Local Corruption in Africa. American Journal of Political Science, 61(2), 320–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12268

Ko, E., Su, Y.-C., & Yu, C. (2015). Sibling rivalry among anti-corruption agencies in Taiwan. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 101–101.

Ko, K., & Samajdar, A. (2010). Evaluation of international corruption indexes: Should we believe them or not? The Social Science Journal, 47(3), 508–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2010.03.001

Ko, K., & Weng, C. (2011). Critical Review of Conceptual Definitions of Chinese Corruption: A formal–legal perspective. Journal of Contemporary China, 20(70), 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2011.565170

Ko, K., & Weng, C. (2012). Structural Changes in Chinese Corruption. 211, 718–740. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741012000793

Kobayashi, M. (2006). Political Clientalism and Corruption: Neo-Structuralism and Republicanism. In Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 1–22). Ashgate.

Kobis, N. C., van Prooijen, J. W., Righetti, F., & Van Lange, P. (2017). The Road to Bribery and Corruption: Slippery Slope or Steep Cliff? Psychological Science, 28(3), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616682026

369 

 

Köbis, N. C., Van Prooijen, J.-W., Righetti, F., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2016). Prospection in Individual and Interpersonal Corruption Dilemmas. Review of General Psychology, 20(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000069

Köbis, N., Prooijen, J.-W., Righetti, F., & Lange, A. (2015). “Who Doesn’t?”—The Impact of Descriptive Norms on Corruption. PLoS One, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131830

Kobonbaev, M., & Eicher, S. (2009a). Exploring Corruption in the Petroleum Sector. In Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity (pp. 99–112). Gower.

Kobonbaev, M., & Eicher, S. (2009b). Quantifying the Immeasureable. In Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity (pp. 61–80). Gower.

Kobonbaev, M., Eicher, S., & Jacobsen, D. (2009). Critiquing the Indicators of Corruption and Governance. In Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity (pp. 81–90). Gower.

Koch, R. (2005). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: It’s Time to Cut Back the Grease and Add Some Guidance. Boston College International & Comparative Law Review, 28, 379–403.

Kochan, N. (2011). Corruption: The new corporate challenge. Palgrave Macmillan.

Kochanova, A. (2012). The Impact of bribery on firm performance: Evidence from central and eastern European countries (CERGE-EI Working Paper Series No. 473). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2191094

Kock, N., & Gaskins, L. (2014). The Mediating Role of Voice and Accountability in the Relationship Between Internet Diffusion and Government Corruption in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. Information Technology for Development, 20(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2013.832129

Kodila Tedika, O. (2012). Empirical Survey on the Causes of the Corruption [MPRA Paper]. University Library of Munich, Germany. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/41484.htm

Kodila-Tedika, O. (2012). Marriage and Corruption: An empirical analysis on european data (MPRA Paper No. 40311). University Library of Munich, Germany. https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/40311.html

Kodila-Tedika, O., Azia-Dimbu, F., & Kalemasi-Mosengo, C. (2012). Divorce and Corruption: New Study, New Data (MPRA Paper 39815). https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39815/1/Divorce_and_corruption.pdf

Kodila-Tedika, O., Kanyama, I., & Azia-Dimbu, F. (2013). Alcohol and Corruption. Journal of

370 

 

Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 4(2(8)), 149–152.

Koechlin, L. (2013). Corruption as an empty signifier: Politics and political order in Africa. Brill.

Koechlin, L., & Sepulveda Carmona, M. (2009). Corruption and Human Rights: - Exploring the Connection. In Corruption, Global Security and World Order (pp. 310–340). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

Koehler, M. (2012). Revisiting a Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Compliance Defense. Wisconsin Law Review, 2, 609–659.

KOEHLER, M. (2017). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Statistics, Theories, Policies, And Beyond. Cleveland State Law Review, 65, 157–259.

Koehler, Mike. (2007). The unique FCPA compliance challenges of doing business in China. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 25(3), 397–438.

Koehler, Mike. (2010a). The facade of FCPA enforcement. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41(4), 907.

Koehler, Mike. (2010b). The FCPA, foreign agents, and lessons from the Halliburton enforcement action. Ohio Northern University Law Review, 36(2), 457–479.

Koehler, Mike. (2010c). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in the ultimate year of its decade of resurgence. Indiana Law Review, 43(2), 389–421.

Koehler, Mike. (2011). Big, bold, and bizarre: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enters a new era. The University of Toledo Law Review, 43(1), 99–149.

Koehler, Mike. (2012a). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act under the microscope. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law, 15(1), 1–63.

Koehler, Mike. (2012b). The story of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio State Law Journal, 73(5), 929–1013.

Koehler, Mike. (2013). An examination of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act issues. Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business, 12(3), 317–391.

Koehler, Mike. (2016a). Common Language To Remedy Distorted Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Enforcement Statistics. Rutgers University Law Review, 68(2), 553–603.

Koehler, Mike. (2016b). A Snapshot of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Santa Clara Journal of International Law, 14(1), 143.

Koehler, Mike. (2017). JPMorgan—A Trifecta of Off-the-Rails FCPA Enforcement (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2927327). Social Science Research Network.

371 

 

https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2927327

Koehler, Mike. (2019). Has the FCPA Been Successful in Achieving Its Objectives? University of Illinois Law Review, 2019(4), 1267–1319.

Koehler, Mike1. (2015). The Uncomfortable Truths and Double Standards of Bribery Enforcement. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 525–561.

Koessler, Frédéric, & Lambert-Mogiliansky, A. (2013). Committing to transparency to resist corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 100(1), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.08.006

Koessler, Frederic, & Lambert-Mogiliansky, A. (2014). Extortion and Political-Risk Insurance. Journal of Public Economics, 120(Journal Article), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.09.006

Kofele-Kale, N. (1995). Patrimonicide: The international economic crime of indigenous spoliation. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 28(1), 45–118.

Kofele-Kale, N. (2000). The Right to a Corruption-Free Society as an Individual and Collective Human Right: Elevating Official Corruption to a Crime under International Law. The International Lawyer, 34(1), 149–178.

Kofele-Kale, N. (2006a). Change or the illusion of change: The war against official corruption in Africa. The George Washington International Law Review, 38(4), 697–747.

Kofele-Kale, N. (2006b). Presumed Guilty: Balancing Competing Rights and Interests in Combating Economic Crimes. The International Lawyer, 40(4), 909–944.

Kohler, J. C. (2011). Fighting Corruption in the Health Sector. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/IP/Anticorruption%20Methods%20and%20Tools%20in%20Education%20Lo%20Res.pdf

Kohler, J. C., & Bowra, A. (2020). Exploring anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability in the World Health Organization, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank Group, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Globalization and Health, 16(1), 101–101. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00629-5

Kohler, J. C., & Dimancesco, D. (2020). The risk of corruption in public pharmaceutical procurement: How anti-corruption, transparency and accountability measures may reduce this risk. Global Health Action, 13(sup1), 1694745. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1694745

Koichumanov, T. (2009). Changing the Rules: How the Transition Economy of Kyrgyzstan Is Reforming Public Corruption. In Corruption in international business: The challenge of

372 

 

cultural and legal diversity (pp. 129–142). Gower.

Kolenda, H. (1990). One party, two systems: Corruption in the People’s Republic of China and attempts to control it. Journal of Chinese Law, 4, 187–232.

Koller, T., Clarke, D., & Vian, T. (2020). Promoting anti-corruption, transparency and accountability to achieve universal health coverage. Global Health Action, 13(sup1), 1700660. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1700660

Kolomak, E. (n.d.). The Sub-Federal Adminsitrative Regulation in Russia. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 3(4), 197–218.

Kolstad, I, & Wiig, A. (2016). Does democracy reduce corruption? Democratization, 23(7), 1198–1215. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2015.1071797

Kolstad, Ivar. (2009). The resource curse: Which institutions matter? Applied Economics Letters, 16(4), 439–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/17446540802167339

Kolstad, Ivar, & Fjeldstad, O.-H. (n.d.). Fiscal Decentralisation and Corruption—A Brief Overview of the Issues. Retrieved July 12, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/publications/fiscal-decentralisation-and-corruption-a-brief-overview-of-the-issues/

Kolstad, Ivar, & Søreide, T. (2009). Corruption in natural resource management: Implications for policy makers. Resources Policy, 34(4), 214–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2009.05.001

Kolstad, Ivar, & Wiig, A. (2009). Is Transparency the Key to Reducing Corruption in Resource-Rich Countries? World Development, 37(3), 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.07.002

Kolstad, Ivar, & Wiig, A. (2013). Digging in the Dirt? Extractive Industry FDI and Corruption. Economics of Governance, 14(4), 369–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-013-0133-2

Komalasari, K., & Saripudin, D. (2015). Integration of Anti- Corruption Education in School’s Activities. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 12(6), 445–451.

Kong, D. T. (2014). An economic-genetic theory of corporate corruption across cultures: An interactive effect of wealth and the 5HTTLPR-SS/SL frequency on corporate corruption mediated by cultural endorsement of self-protective leadership. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, 63(Journal, Electronic), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.061

Kong, Dejun, & Volkema, R. (2016). Cultural Endorsement of Broad Leadership Prototypes and Wealth as Predictors of Corruption. Social Indicators Research; An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 127(1), 139–152.

373 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0959-9

Kong, Dongmin, Wang, L., & Wang, M. (2017). Effects of anti-corruption on firm performance: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China. Finance Research Letters, 23, 190–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2017.05.011

Kong, Dongmin, Xiang, J., Zhang, J., & Lu, Y. (2019). Politically connected independent directors and corporate fraud in China. Accounting and Finance, 58(5), 1347–1383. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12449

Konrad, K. A., & Skaperdas, S. (1997). Credible threats in extortion. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 33(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(97)00019-X

Konrad, K. I., & Skaperdas, S. (1998). Extortion. Economica, 65(260), 461–477. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0335.00141

Konstantinidis, I., & Xezonakis, G. (2013). Sources of tolerance towards corrupted politicians in Greece: The role of trade offs and individual benefits. Crime Law And Social Change, 60(5), 549–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9478-2

Konstantinidou, E. (2015). Examination of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative: A Case Study of Azerbaijan. Oil, Gas & Energy Quarterly, 64(2), 307.

Kopecký, P., & Spirova, M. (2011). ‘Jobs for the Boys’? Patterns of Party Patronage in Post-Communist Europe. West European Politics, 34(5), 897–921. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2011.591072

Korchmina, E., & Fedyukin, I. (2019). Extralegal payments to state officials in Russia, 1750s–1830s: Assessing the burden of corruption. The Economic History Review, 72(1), 156–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12666

Kornai, J. (n.d.). Hidden in an Envelope: Gratitude Payments to Medical Doctors in Hungary. Working paper. http://docplayer.net/14691701-Hidden-in-an-envelope-gratitude-payments-to-medical-doctors-in-hungary-1-janos-kornai.html

Korosteleva, J., Mickiewicz, T., & Stepien, P. (2015). How city type, trust and technology affect corruption: A multilevel comparative study (ersa15p1055; ERSA Conference Papers). European Regional Science Association. https://ideas.repec.org/p/wiw/wiwrsa/ersa15p1055.html

Korosteleva, J., Mickiewicz, T., & Stępień-Baig, P. (2020). It takes two to tango: Complementarity of bonding and bridging trust in alleviating corruption in cities. Regional Studies, 54(6), 851–862. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2019.1652894

374 

 

Koryś, P., & Tymniński, M. (2016). The unwanted legacy. In search of historical roots of corruption in Poland. Sociologija, 58(2), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC1602203K

Kosack, S., & Fung, A. (2014). Does Transparency Improve Governance? Annual Review of Political Science, 17(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-032210-144356

Kosack, S., & Tobin, J. (2006). Funding Self-Sustaining Development: The Role of Aid, FDI and Government in Economic Success. International Organization, 60(1), 205–243. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818306060097

Kosals, L., & Maksimova, A. (2015). Informality, crime and corruption in Russia: A review of recent literature. Theoretical Criminology, 19(2), 278–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480615581099

Kossow, N., & Kukutschka, R. (2017). Civil society and online connectivity: Controlling corruption on the net? Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(4), 459–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9696-0

Kostadinova, T. (2009). Abstain or Rebel: Corruption Perceptions and Voting in East European Elections. Politics & Policy, 37(4), 691–714. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00194.x

Kostadinova, T. (2012). Political Corruption in Eastern Europe: Politics After Communism. Lynne Rienner Pub.

Kostakis, I. (2017). The impact of shadow economy and/or corruption on private consumption: Further evidence from selected Eurozone economies. Eurasian Economic Review, 7(3), 411–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40822-017-0072-2

Kotchegura, A. (2004). Reducing Corruption in Post-Communist Countries. International Public Management Review, 5(1), 138–156.

Kotchegura, A. (2018). Preventing Corruption Risk in Legislation: Evidence from Russia, Moldova, and Kazakhstan. International Journal of Public Administration, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1426011

Kotera, G., Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2012). Government size, democracy, and corruption: An empirical investigation. Economic Modelling, 29(6), 2340–2348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.06.022

Kotz, H. D., & Mangiero, S. (n.d.). Avoiding FCPA Liability by Tightening Internal Controls: Considerations for Institutional Investors and Corporate Counsel [Working Paper]. http://www.thinkbrg.com/media/publication/494_Kotz_Mangiero_CorpCounselor_Sept2014_text.pdf

375 

 

Kotzian, P. (2014). Good Governance and Norms of Citizenship: An Investigation into the System‐ and Individual‐Level Determinants of Attachment to Civic Norms. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 73(1), 58–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12066

Kouchaki, M., Smith - Crowe, K., Brief, A. P., & Sousa, C. (2013). Seeing Green: Mere Exposure to Money Triggers a Business Decision Frame and Unethical Outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 121(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.12.002

Kountouris, Y., & Remoundou, K. (2013). Is there a cultural component in tax morale? Evidence from immigrants in Europe. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 96, 104–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.09.010

Kouznetsov, A., & Dass, M. (2010). Does size matter?: A qualitative study into areas of corruption where a firm’s size influences prospects for distributors of foreign‐made goods in Russia. Baltic Journal of Management, 5(1), 51–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465261011016559

Kouznetsov, A., Kim, S., & Pierce, J. (2017). A longitudinal meta-analysis of corruption in international business and trade: Bridging the isolated themes. The International Trade Journal, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2017.1376724

Kouznetsov, A., Kim, S., & Wright, C. (2019). An audit of received international business corruption literature for logic, consistency, completeness of coverage. Journal of International Management, 100688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2019.100688

Koven, S. G. (2018). Toward a Strategy for Combating Corruption. International Journal of Public Administration, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1500585

Koyuncu, C., Ozturkler, H., & Yilmaz, R. (2010). Privatization and corruption in transition economies: A panel study. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 13(3), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2010.503099

Koyuncu, C., & Yilmaz, R. (2009). The Impact of Corruption on Deforestation: A Cross-Country Evidence. The Journal of Developing Areas, 42(2), 213–222.

Kpundeh, S. (2004). Process interventions versus structural reforms: Institutionalizing anticorruption reforms in Africa. In Building State Capacity in Africa: New Approaches (pp. 257–282).

Kpundeh, Sahr J. (2005). The Big Picture: Building a Sustainable Reform Movement Against Corrutpion in Africa. In Michael Johnston (Ed.), Civil society and corruption: Mobilizing for reform (pp. 73–94). University Press of America.

Kpundeh, Sahr John. (1995). Politics and corruption in Africa: A case study of Sierra Leone.

376 

 

University Press of America.

Kpundeh, Sahr John. (1998). Political Will in Fighting Corruption. In Irene Hors, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Development Centre, Programme for Accountability and Transparency, & Corruption and Integrity Improvement Initiatives in Developing Countries (Eds.), Corruption & integrity improvement initiatives in developing countries (pp. 91–110). United Nations Development Programme.

Kraay, A., & Murrell, P. (2016). Misunderestimating Corruption. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 98(3), 455.

Krajcova, J. (n.d.-a). On the Hidden Costs of Monitoring Corruption or Effort [Working Paper]. https://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp404.pdf

Krajcova, J. (n.d.-b). Testing Leniency Programs Experimentally: The Impact of a Change in Parameterization (CERGE-EI Working Paper No. 370). https://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp370.pdf

Krajcova, J., & Ortmann, A. (2008). Testing Leniency Programs Experimentally: The Impact of “Natural” Framing (CERGE-EI Working Paper No. 372). https://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp372.pdf

Krajewska, A., & Makowski, G. (2017). Corruption, anti-corruption and human rights: The case of Poland’s integrity system. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(3), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9710-6

Krambia-Kapardis, M. (2014). Perception of political corruption as a function of legislation. Journal of Financial Crime, 21(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2013-0025

Krambia-Kapardis, M. (2019). Disentangling anti-corruption agencies and accounting for their ineffectiveness. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2018-0016

Krambia-Kapardis, M. (2020). An exploratory empirical study of whistleblowing and whistleblowers. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(3), 755–770. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2020-0042

Krambia-Kapardis, M., & Courakis, N. (2016). Anti-corruption Measures: The Panacea to a Financial Cliff. In M. Dion, D. Weisstub, & J.-L. Richet (Eds.), Financial Crimes: Psychological, Technological, and Ethical Issues (pp. 3–31). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32419-7_1

Kramer, J. M. (1998). The politics of corruption. Current History, 97(621), 329.

Kramer, R. M., & Messick, D. M. (1996). Ethical Cognition and the Framing of Organizational Dilemmas: Decision Makers as Intuitive Lawyers. In Codes of conduct: Behavioral

377 

 

research into business ethics (pp. 59–85). Russell Sage.

Krammer, S. M. S., & Jiménez, A. (2019). Do political connections matter for firm innovation? Evidence from emerging markets in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Technological Forecasting & Social Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.027

Krasnousov, S. D., & Khlonova, N. V. (2015). Estimation of corruption risks in educational organization (on the example of Krasnoyarsk). Aktualʹnye Problemy Èkonomiki i Prava, 9(1), 254–261. https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.09.2015.1.254-261

Krastev, I. (n.d.). The Missing Incentive: Corruption, Anticorruption, and Reelection. In Building a Trustworthy State in Transition (pp. 151–172).

Krastev, I. (2001). A Moral Economy of Anti-Corruption Sentiments in Transition. Working paper. [Working Paper]. http://www.wiiw.ac.at/a-moral-economy-of-anti-corruption-sentiments-in-transition-dlp-3347.pdf

Krastev, I., & Ganev, G. (2003). Do Uncorrupt Governments in Corrupt Countries Have Incentives to Launch Anticorruption Campaigns? East European Constitutional Review, 12(2/3), 87–93.

Krastev, V., Koyundzhiyska-Davidkova, B., & Atanasova, I. (2020). The impact of the corruption on the sustainable development of the businesses in South-West Bulgaria. SHS Web of Conferences, 74, 6015-. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207406015

Krause, S., & Méndez, F. (2009). Corruption and Elections: An Empirical Study for a Cross-Section of Countries. Economics & Politics, 21(2), 179–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2008.00341.x

Kravtsova, M., Oshchepkov, A., & Welzel, C. (2017). Values and Corruption. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(2), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116677579

Krawiec, K. D. (2003). Cosmetic compliance and the failure of negotiated governance. Washington University Law Quarterly, 81(2), 487–544.

Kreikebaum, H. (2008). Corruption as a moral issue. Social Responsibility Journal, 4(1/2), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471110810856857

Kreindler, R. (2011). Legal Consequences of Corruption in International Investment Arbitration: An Old Challenge with New Answers. In Liber amicorum en l’honneur de Serge Lazareff (pp. 383–390). Éditions Pedone.

Kress, L. E. (2010). How the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Has Knocked the “SOX” off the DOJ and SEC and Kept the FCPA on Its Feet. Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy, 10(0). https://doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2010.54

378 

 

Krever, T. (2007). Curbing corruption? The efficacy of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 33(1), 83–102.

Kriendler, R. (2010). Corruption in International Investment Arbitration: Jurisdiction and the Unclean Hands Doctrine. In Between East and West: Essays in honour of Ulf Franke. Juris.

Krishna, A. (2007). Poverty and Health: Defeating poverty by going to the roots. Development, 50(2), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100359

Krishnamurti, C., Pensiero, D., & Velayutham, E. (2019). Determinants of Defence Industry Corruption Risk: Firm Level Empirical Evidence Using Transparency International’s Anti-Corruption Index. The Singapore Economic Review, 64(3), 675–708. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590816500053

Krishnamurti, C., Shams, S., & Velayutham, E. (2018). Corporate social responsibility and corruption risk: A global perspective. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 14(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2018.02.002

Krishnan, C. (2014). Tackling Corruption in Political Party Financing: Lessons from Global Regulatory Practices. Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2433257

Krishnan, C. (2016). Inequality, Corruption and Democracy in Industrial Democracies. Available at SSRN 2776676. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2776676

Krishnan, S., Teo, T. S. H., & Lim, V. K. G. (2013). Examining the relationships among e-government maturity, corruption, economic prosperity and environmental degradation: A cross-country analysis. Information & Management, 50(8), 638–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2013.07.003

Kristiansen, S., & Pratikno, S. (2006). Decentralising education in Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Development, 26(5), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2005.12.003

Kristiansen, S., & Ramli, M. (2006). Buying an Income: The Market for Civil Service Positions in Indonesia. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 28(2), 207–233.

Kroeze, R. (2018). Lockheed (1977) and Flick (1981–1986): Anticorruption as a Pragmatic Practice in the Netherlands and Germany. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-20

379 

 

Kroeze, R., Vitória, A., & Geltner, G. (2018). Introduction: Debating Corruption and Anticorruption in History. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-1

Kronenberg, T. (2004). The curse of natural resources in the transition economies*. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 12(3), 399–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0967-0750.2004.00187.x

Krsteski, N. G. H. (2017a). Anti-Corruption Measures For Corporate Security. Journal of Process Management. New Technologies, 5(2), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.5937/jouproman5-13490

Krsteski, N. G. H. (2017b). Corruption In South Africa: Genesis And Outlook. Journal of Process Management. New Technologies, 5(4), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.5937/jouproman5-15160

Krueger, A. O. (1974). The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society. The American Economic Review, 64(3), 291–303.

Kruk, M. E., Mbaruku, G., Rockers, P. C., & Galea, S. (2008). User fee exemptions are not enough: Out‐of‐pocket payments for ‘free’ delivery services in rural Tanzania, Les exonérations de redevances ne sont pas assez: les paiements de poche des services ‘gratuits’ d’accouchement dans les zones rurales de Tanzanie, La exención de tarifas para usuarios no es suficiente: pagos de bolsillo en servicios obstétricos “gratuitos” en Tanzania rural. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 13(12), 1442–1451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02173.x

Krylova, Y. (2018a). Administrative corruption and its effects on Russian entrepreneurs: A regional aspect. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 30(2), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2017.1383764

Krylova, Y. (2018b). Outsourcing the Fight against Corruption: Lessons from the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala. Global Policy, 9(1), 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12518

Kselman, D. (2011). Electoral Institutions and Poltical Corruption: Ballot Structure, Electoral Formula, and Graft. In Political economy of institutions, democracy and voting (pp. 327–371). Springer.

Kubbe, I. (2013). Corruption and trust: A model design. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0159-4

Kubbe, I. (2018). Europe’s “democratic culture” in the fight against corruption. Crime, Law and

380 

 

Social Change, 70(2), 217–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9728-9

Kubbe, I., & Engelbert, A. (2017). Corruption and the impact of democracy. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9732-0

Kubbe, I., & Varraich, A. (Eds.). (2019). Corruption and Informal Practices in the Middle East and North Africa (1 edition). Routledge.

Kubiak, A. (2001). Corruption in Everyday Experience: Report on Survey. http://pdc.ceu.hu/archive/00002390/01/corrupt_everyday.pdf

Kubiciel, M. (2009). Core Criminal Law Provisions in the United Nations Convention Against Corruption. International Criminal Law Review, 9(1), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1163/157181209X398853

Kubickova, M. (2019). The impact of government policies on destination competitiveness in developing economies. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(6), 619–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1296416

Kubickova, M., & Smith, S. J. (2017). Role of destination competitiveness and national corruption in hotel performance: A study of developing economies of Central America. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2017.1397582

Kuecken, M., & Valfort, M.-A. (2019). Information Reduces Corruption and Improves Enrolment (But Not Schooling): A Replication Study of a Newspaper Campaign in Uganda. The Journal of Development Studies, 55(5), 1007–1029. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1506575

Kuehl, H. F. (2019). The “Fight Song” of International Anti-Bribery Norms and Enforcement: The OECD Convention Implementation’s Recent Triumphs and Tragedies.(Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development). University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, 40(2), 465–508.

Kugler, M., Verdier, T., & Zenou, Y. (2005). Organized crime, corruption and punishment. Journal of Public Economics, 89(9), 1639–1663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.05.005

Kuhner, T. K. (2016). The Corruption of Liberal and Social Democracies. Fordham Law Review, 84(6), 2453–2476.

Kukhianidze, A. (2009). Corruption and organized crime in Georgia before and after the ‘Rose Revolution.’ Central Asian Survey, 28(2), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634930903043709

Kulik, M. (2020). The Local Government Body Member and the Local Government Employee

381 

 

as a Passive Bribery Offender under Polish Criminal Law. Lex Localis, 18(2), 433–448. https://doi.org/10.4335/18.2.433-448(2020)

Kulish, A., Andriichenko, N., & Reznik, O. (2018). A Step Forward in the Minimization of Political Corruption in Financial Support of Political Parties: The Experience of Ukraine and Lithuania. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 11(1), 108–130. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2018-0005

Kulkarni, S. A. (2013). Enforcing Anti-Corruption Measures Through International Investment Arbitration. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1957

Kulsudjarit, A., Pattaranukrom, P., & Samukkethum, S. (2020). Strengthen the Effectiveness of Environnemental Protection through Community Empowerment for Building Corruption-Free Society. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 576(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/576/1/012023

Kumar, C. R. (2003). Corruption and human rights: Promoting transparency in governance and the fundamental right to corruption-free service in India. Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 17(1), 31–72.

Kumar, C. R. (2005). Corruption, Human Rights, and Development: Sovereignty and State Capacity to Promote Good Governance. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 99, 416–419.

Kumar, C. R. (2008). Corruption, development and good governance: Challenges for promoting access to justice in Asia. Journal of International Law, 16(3), 475–571.

Kumar, C. R. (2011). Corruption and human rights in India: Comparative perspectives on transparency and good governance. Oxford University Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:EDZ0000091698

Kumar, C. R. (2015). Corruption in India: A Violation of Human Rights. UC Davis Law Review, 49, 741–792.

Kumar, G. C. V., & Rajesh, R. (2015). Anti corruption movement: Students’ participation and motivational factors. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 5(7), 54–67.

Kumar, R. (2004a). Corruption in Japan—Institutionalizing the Right to Information, Transparency, and the Right to Corruption Free Governance. New England Journal of International & Compartive Law, 10(1), 1–30.

Kumar, R. (2004b). Human Rights Approaches of Corruption Control Mechanisms: Enhancing the Hong Kong Experince of Corruption Prevention Strategies. San Diego International Law Journal, 5, 323–352.

382 

 

Kumar, R. (2014). Challenges of Corruption and Good Governance: A Human Rights Perspective. Jindal Journal of Public Policy, 1(1), 121–150.

Kumar, R., & Best, M. (2006). Impact and Sustainability of E-Government Services in Developing Countries: Lessons Learned from Tamil Nadu, India—Eldis. The Information Society, 22(1), 1–12.

Kumari Tiwari, R., & Debnath, J. (2017). Forensic accounting: A blend of knowledge. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 25(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-05-2016-0043

Kumasey, A. S., & Hossain, F. (2020). Exploring the unfathomable causes of dysfunctional behaviours in the Ghanaian public service: Perspectives of social capital. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 33(5), 579–594. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-07-2019-0187

Kumlin, S., & Esaiasson, P. (2012). Scandal Fatigue? Scandal Elections and Satisfaction with Democracy in Western Europe, 1977–2007. British Journal of Political Science, 42(02), 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000712341100024X

Kuncoro, A. (2002). The new laws of decentralization and corruption in Indonesia:examination of provincial and district data. European Regional Science Association. https://ideas.repec.org/p/wiw/wiwrsa/ersa02p053.html

Kuncoro, A. (2004). Bribery in Indonesia: Some evidence from micro-level data. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 40(3), 329–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/0007491042000231511

Kuncoro, A. (2006). Corruption and Business Uncertainty in Indonesia. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 23(1), 11–30.

Kunicova, J. (2006). Democratic Institutions and Corruption: Incentives and Constraints in Politics. In International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 140–160). Edward Elgar-c2011.

Kunicova, J. (2013). The Role of the World Bank in Promoting Good Governance and Anti-Corruption Reforms: A View from the Europe and Central Asia Region. In Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 41–54). Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Kunicová, J., & Rose-Ackerman, S. (2005). Electoral Rules and Constitutional Structures as Constraints on Corruption. British Journal of Political Science, 35(4), 573–606.

Kuo, D., & Teorell, J. (2017). Illicit Tactics as Substitutes. Comparative Political Studies, 50(5), 665–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414016649481

383 

 

Kupatadze, A. (2011). Similar events, different outcomes: Accounting for diverging corruption patterns in post-revolution Georgia and Ukraine. Caucasus Analytical Digest, 26, 2–4.

Kupatadze, A. (2015). Political corruption in Eurasia: Understanding collusion between states, organized crime and business. Theoretical Criminology, 19(2), 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480615574404

Kupatadze, A. (2016). The Quest for Good Governance: Georgia’s Break with the Past. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 110–123.

Kupatadze, A. (2017). Accounting for diverging paths in most similar cases: Corruption in Baltics and Caucasus. Crime, Law and Social Change, 67(2), 187–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9658-y

Kupferman, D. W. (2016). Idyllic No More: Pacific Island Climate, Corruption and Development Dilemmas by Giff Johnson. The Contemporary Pacific, 28(2), 514–516. https://doi.org/10.1353/cp.2016.0040

Kurer, Oscar. (2007). Why do Papua New Guinean voters opt for clientelism? Democracy and governance in a fragile state. Pacific Economic Bulletin, 22(1), 39–53.

Kurer, Oskar. (1993). Clientelism, corruption, and the allocation of resources. Public Choice, 77(2), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047869

Kurer, Oskar. (2001). Why Do Voters Support Corrupt Politicians? In The political economy of corruption (pp. 63–86). Routledge.

Kurer, Oskar. (2005). Corruption: An Alternative Approach to Its Definition and Measurement. Political Studies, 53(1), 222–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00525.x

Kurer, Oskar. (2015). Definitions of Corruption. In Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 30–41). Routledge.

Kuris, G. (2014a). Balancing Responsibilities: Evolution of Lithuania’s Anti-Corruption Agency, 1997-2007. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/balancing-responsibilities-evolution-lithuanias-anti-corruption-agency-1997-2007

Kuris, G. (2014b). Cleaning House: Croatia Mops Up High-Level Corruption, 2005-2012. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/sites/successfulsocieties/files/Policy_Note_ID226.pdf

Kuris, G. (2014c). From a Rocky Start to Regional Leadership: Mauritius’s Anti-Corruption Agency, 2006-2012. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/rocky-start-regional-leadership-mau

384 

 

ritiuss-anti-corruption-agency-2006-2012

Kuris, G. (2014d). From Underdogs to Watchdogs: How Anti-Corruption Agencies Can Hold Off Potent Adversaries. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. http://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/underdogs-watchdogs-how-anti-corruption-agencies-can-hold-potent-adversaries

Kuris, G. (2014e). Holding the High Ground with Public Support: Indonesia’s Anti-Corruption Commission Digs In, 2007-2011. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/holding-high-ground-public-support-indonesias-anti-corruption-commission-digs-2007-2011

Kuris, G. (2014f). “Inviting a Tiger into Your Home”: Indonesia Creates an Anti-Corruption Commission with Teeth, 2002-2007. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/inviting-tiger-your-home-indonesia-creates-anti-corruption-commission-teeth-2002-2007

Kuris, G. (2014g). Managing Corruption Risks: Botswana Builds an Anti-Graft Agency, 1994-2012. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/managing-corruption-risks-botswana-builds-anti-graft-agency-1994-2012

Kuris, G. (2014h). Surmounting State Capture: Latvia’s Anti-Corruption Agency Spurs Reforms, 2002-2011. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/surmounting-state-capture-latvias-anti-corruption-agency-spurs-reforms-2002-2011

Kuris, G. (2014i). Toothless but Forceful: Slovenia’s Anti-Corruption Watchdog Exposes Systemic Graft, 2004-2013. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/toothless-forceful-slovenias-anti-corruption-watchdog-exposes-systemic-graft-2004-2013

Kuris, G. (2015). Watchdogs or guard dogs: Do anti-corruption agencies need strong teeth? Policy and Society, 34(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.04.003

Kurland, A. (1989). The Guarantee Clause as a Basis for Federal Prosecutions of State and Local Officials. Southern California Law Review, 62(2), 367.

Kurtoglu Eskisar, G. M., & Komsuoglu, A. (2015). A critical assessment of the transformative power of EU reforms on reducing corruption in the Balkans. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Journal Article, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2015.1015315

Kurtz, M. J., & Schrank, A. (2007a). Growth and Governance: Models, Measures, and

385 

 

Mechanisms. The Journal of Politics, 69(2), 538–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00549.x

Kurtz, M. J., & Schrank, A. (2007b). Growth and Governance: A Defense. The Journal of Politics, 69(2), 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00551.x

Kurtzman, J., Yago, G., & Phumiwasana, T. (2004). The Global Costs of Opacity. MIT Sloan Management Review, 46(1), 38–44.

Kurzban, R. (2010). Why everyone (else) is a hypocrite: Evolution and the modular mind. Princeton University Press.

Kusnadi, Y., & Srinidhi, B. (2020). Cross-country differences in the effect of political connections on stock price informativeness. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 16(2), 100203-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2020.100203

Kutan, A. M., Douglas, T., & Judge, W. (2009). Does Corruption Hurt Economic Development? Evidecne from Middle Eastern and Latin American Countries. In Economic performance in the Middle East and North Africa: Institutions, corruption and reform (pp. 25–37). Routledge ; London.

Kutnjak Ivković, S. (2005). Fallen blue knights: Controlling police corruption. Oxford University Press.

Kutnjak Ivkovic, S. (2005). The Bosnian Police and Police Integrity: A Continuing Story. European Journal of Criminology, 2(4), 428–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370805056057

Kutnjak Ivkovic, S. (2009). Rotten apples, rotten branches, and rotten orchards: A cautionary tale of police misconduct. Criminology & Public Policy, 8(4), 777–785. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00593.x

Kutnjak Ivkovic, S., Haberfeld, M., & Peacock, R. (2013). Rainless West The Integrity Survey’s Role in Agency Accountability. Police Quarterly, 16(2), 148–176.

Kutnjak Ivkovic, S., Klockars, C., Cajner‐Mraović, I., & Ivanušec, D. (2002). Controlling Police Corruption: The Croatian Perspective. Police Practice and Research, 3(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614260290011336

Kutnjak Ivkovic, S., & Sauerman, A. (2013). Curtailing the code of silence among the South African police. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 36(1), 175–198. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511311302533

Kutnjak Ivkovic, S., & Sauerman, A. (2016). Police integrity in South Africa: A tale of three police agency types. Policing, 39(2), 268–283.

386 

 

Kutnjak Ivkovic, S., & Shelley, T. O. (2007). Police Integrity and the Czech Police Officers. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 31(1), 21–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2007.9678759

Kutnjak-Ivkovic, S. (2003). To Serve and Collect: Measuring Police Corruption. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 93(2/3), 593–650.

Kuusela, O.-P., Amacher, G. S., & Moeltner, K. (2017). Enforcing the rules in timber concessions: Performance bonding in the presence of corruption risk. Forest Policy and Economics, 85, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.08.016

Kuvvet, E. (2021). Anti-corruption courts and foreign direct investments. International Review of Economics & Finance, 72, 573–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.12.019

Kuziemko, I., & Werker, E. (2006). How Much Is a Seat on the Security Council Worth? Foreign Aid and Bribery at the United Nations. Journal of Political Economy, 114(5), 905–930. https://doi.org/10.1086/507155

Kuzio, T. (2016). Ukraine’s Other War: The Rule of Law and Siloviky After the Euromaidan Revolution. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 29(4), 681–706. https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2016.1232556

Kuzio, T. (2017). Ukrainian kleptocrats and America’s real-life House of Cards: Corruption, lobbyism and the rule of law. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2017.01.002

Kuzmina, O., Volchkova, N., & Zueva, T. (2014). Foreign direct investment and governance quality in Russia. Journal of Comparative Economics, 42(4), 874–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.08.001

Kwok, C. C. Y., & Tadesse, S. (2006). The MNC as an agent of change for host-country institutions: FDI and corruption. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 767. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400228

Kwon, I. (2014). Motivation, Discretion, and Corruption. Journal Of Public Administration Research And Theory, 24(3), 765–794. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus062

Kwon, Illoong. (2018). Performance budgeting: Effects on government debt and economic growth. Applied Economics Letters, 25(6), 388–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1324607

Kyoung-Sun, M. (2019). The effectiveness of anti-corruption policies: Measuring the impact of anti-corruption policies on integrity in the public organizations of South Korea. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09814-z

Kyriacou, A. P. (2016). Individualism-collectivism, governance and economic development.

387 

 

European Journal Of Political Economy; Eur.J.Polit.Econ., 42(Journal Article), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.11.005

Kyriacou, Andreas P., Muinelo-gallo, L., & Roca-sagalés, O. (2015). Construction corrupts: Empirical evidence from a panel of 42 countries. Public Choice, 165(1–2), 123–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0297-0

Kyriacou, Andreas P., & Roca-Sagalés, O. (2011). Fiscal decentralization and government quality in the OECD. Economics Letters, 111(3), 191–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.02.019

La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1999). The quality of government. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 15(1), 222–279. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/15.1.222

La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Zamarripa, G. (2003). Related Lending. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 231–268. https://doi.org/10.1162/00335530360535199

La Rocca, M., Cambrea, D. R., & Cariola, A. (2017). The role of corruption in shaping the value of holding cash. Finance Research Letters, 20, 104–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2016.09.014

Lacatus, C., & Sedelmeier, U. (2020). Does monitoring without enforcement make a difference? The European Union and anti-corruption policies in Bulgaria and Romania after accession. Journal of European Public Policy, 27(8), 1236–1255. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2020.1770842

Lacey, K. (n.d.). Expansion of SEC Authority into Internal Corporate Governance: The Accounting Provisions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (A Twentieth Anniversary Review). Retrieved July 26, 2016, from http://www.heinonline.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jtrnlwp7&id=1&size=2&collection=journals&index=journals/jtrnlwp

Lachman, S. (2017). Failed state: Dysfunction and corruption in an American statehouse. Excelsior Editions/State University of New York Press.

Ladd, A. (2014). The “Catch-22” of Corporate Cooperation in Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Investigations. Houston Law Review, 51(3), 947.

Laegreid, O. M., & Povitkina, M. (2018). Do Political Institutions Moderate the GDP-CO2 Relationship? Ecological Economics, 145(March), 441–450.

Laeven, L., & Valencia, F. (2013). Systemic Banking Crises Database. IMF Economic Review, 61(2), 225–270. https://doi.org/10.1057/imfer.2013.12

Laffont, J.-J. (1991). The politics of government decision-making: A theory of regulatory

388 

 

capture. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), 1089–1127.

Laffont, J.-J., & Martimort, D. (1999). Separation of Regulators against Collusive Behavior. The RAND Journal of Economics, 30(2), 232–262.

Laffont, J.-J., & Meleu, M. (2001). Separation of powers and development. Journal of Development Economics, 64(1), 129–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00127-9

Laffont, J.-J., & N’Guessan, T. (1999). Competition and corruption in an agency relationship. Journal of Development Economics, 60(2), 271–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(99)00056-5

Lagaras, S., Ponticelli, J., & Tsoutsoura, M. (2017). Caught with the Hand in the Cookie Jar: Firm Growth and Labor Reallocation after Exposure of Corrupt Practices (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2929625). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2929625

Lagos, M. (2003). Public Opinion of Corruption in Latin America. Global Corruption Report 2003, 282–284.

Lagunes, P., & Huang, R. (2015). Saving Gotham: Fighting corruption in New York City’s property tax system. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes, Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State (pp. 180–205). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781784714697.00014.xml

Lahiri, Sajal, & Raimondos‐møller, P. (2000). Lobbying by Ethnic Groups and Aid Allocation. Economic Journal, 110(462), 62–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00521

Lahiri, Somnath. (2017). The moderating influence of market potential and prior experience on the governance quality-equity participation relationship. Management Decision, 55(1), 203–217.

Lai, A. (2002). Building Public Confidence in Anti-Corruption Efforts: The Approach of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. Forum on Crime & Society, 2(1), pp.135-eoa.

Lai Cao Mai, P. (2020). Corruption and stock market development in EAP countries. Investment Management & Financial Innovations, 17(2), 266–276. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(2).2020.21

Lai, Y.-B. (2016). Does Tax Competition Reduce Corruption? Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 63(4), 331–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12096

Lai, Y.-B. (2020). Rent‐seeking, R&D, and productivity. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 67(4), 404–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12243

389 

 

Lakshmi, G., Saha, S., & Bhattarai, K. (2021). Does corruption matter for stock markets? The role of heterogeneous institutions. Economic Modelling, 94, 386–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.10.011

Lalountas, D. A., Manolas, G. A., & Vavouras, I. S. (2011). Corruption, globalization and development: How are these three phenomena related? Journal of Policy Modeling, 33(4), 636–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2011.02.001

Lambert-Mogiliansky, A. (2015). Social accountability to contain corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 116, 158–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.04.006

Lambert‐mogiliansky, A., & Sonin, K. (2006). Collusive Market Sharing and Corruption in Procurement. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 15(4), 883–908. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2006.00121.x

Lambert-Mogiliansky, Ariane. (2002). Why firms pay occasional bribes: The connection economy. European Journal of Political Economy, 18(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(01)00068-4

Lambert-Mogiliansky, Ariane. (2006). Corruption and Collusion: Strategic Complements in Procurement. In International handbook on the economics of corruption (Vol. 1–#2, pp. 108–140). Edward Elgar-c2011.

Lambert-Mogiliansky, Ariane, Majudar, M., & Radner, R. (2008). Petty Corruption: A Game-Theoretic Approach. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Lambert-Mogiliansky, Ariane, Majumdar, M., & Radner, R. (2007). Strategic analysis of petty corruption: Entrepreneurs and bureaucrats. Journal of Development Economics, 83(2), 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.06.002

Lambert-Mogiliansky, Ariane, Majumdar, M., & Radner, R. (2009). Strategic analysis of petty corruption with an intermediary. Review of Economic Design, 13(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10058-008-0068-1

Lambropoulou, E. (2012). Corruption Discourse as a Wild Card: Politics and Media in Greece and the ‘Modern’ Triumphalism of Anti-Corruption. In The social construction of corruption in Europe (pp. 265–296). Ashgate Pub.

Lambsdorf, J. G., Uslaner, E. M., Taube, M., & Schramm, M. (2004). Corruption and the New Institutional Economics. Routledge London.

Lambsdorff, D. J. G. (2002). How confidence facilitates illegal transactions: An empirical approach. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 61(4), 829.

Lambsdorff, J. (2002). Corruption and Rent-Seeking. Public Choice, 113(1), 97–125. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020320327526

390 

 

Lambsdorff, J. (2003). How corruption affects persistent capital flows. Economics of Governance, 4(3), 229–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-002-0060-0

Lambsdorff, J. (2007). The institutional economics of corruption and reform: Theory, evidence, and policy. Cambridge University Press.

Lambsdorff, J. (2011). Economic approaches to anticorruption. CESifo DICE Report : Journal for Institutional Comparisons ; the International Platform of Ludwig-Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute for Economic Research, 9(2), 25–30.

Lambsdorff, J., & Nell, M. (2007). Fighting corruption with asymmetric penalties and leniency. University of Goettingen, Department of Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/cegedp/59.html

Lambsdorff, J., Taube, M., & Schramm, M. (2005). The new institutional economics of corruption. Routledge.

Lambsdorff, Johan Graf. (n.d.). How Precise Are Perceived Levels of Corruption? Transparency International. http://www.icgg.org/downloads/2001_CPI_Precision.pdf

Lambsdorff, Johan Graf. (2012). Behavioral and Experimental Economics as a Guide to Anticorruption. In New advances in experimental research on corruption (Vol. 1–#15). Emerald.

Lambsdorff, Johan Graf, & Fink, H. (2006). Combating corruption in Colombia: Perceptions and achievements. University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/upadvr/v4406.html

Lambsdorff, Johan Graf, & Nell, M. (2006). Corruption: Where We State and Where To Go. In The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 229–246). Czernin.

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (1998). An Empirical Investigation of Bribery in International Trade. The European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578819808426701

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2002a). Making corrupt deals: Contracting in the shadow of the law. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 48(3), 221–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00217-7

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2002b). What Nurtures Corrupt Deals? On the Role of Confidence and Transaction Costs. In Corrupt exchanges: Empirical themes in the politics and political economy of corruption (1. Aufl., pp. 20–36). Nomos.

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2003). How Corruption Affects Productivity. Kyklos, 56(4), 457–474. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0023-5962.2003.00233.x

391 

 

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2006a). Causes and Consequences of Corruption—What Do We Know from a Cross-Section of Countries? In International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 3–51). Edward Elgar-c2011.

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2006b). Measuring Corruption – The Validity and Precision of Subjective Indicators (CPI). In Measuring corruption (pp. 81–99). Ashgate.

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2009). The Organization of Anti-Corruption: Getting Incentives Right. In Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 389–415). World Peace Foundation. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2010a). Deterrence and constrained enforcement: Alternative regimes to deal with bribery. University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/upadvr/v6010.html

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2010b). Who accepts bribery? Evidence from a global household survey. University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/zbwupadvr/v6110.htm

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2013a). Corrupt intermediaries in international business transactions: Between make, buy and reform. European Journal of Law and Economics, 35(3), 349–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-010-9214-7

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2013b). Securing Investor Confidence or Fighting Corruption? How Intergovernmental Organizations May Reconcile Two Opposing Goals. In Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 215–228). Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2015a). Behavioral and Institutional Economics as an Inspiration to Anti-Corruption: Some Counterintuitive Findings. In Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 299–314). Routledge.

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2015b). Preventing corruption by promoting trust: Insights from behavioral science. University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/upadvr/v6915.html

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf, & Frank, B. (2010). Bribing versus gift-giving – An experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(3), 347–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.01.004

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf, & Frank, B. (2011). Corrupt reciprocity – Experimental evidence on a men’s game. International Review of Law & Economics, 31(2), 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2011.04.002

392 

 

Lamm, C., Pham, H., & Moloo, R. (2010). Fraud and Corruption in International Arbitration. In Liber amicorum: Bernardo Cremades (pp. 699–731). La Ley.

Lamoreaux, P. T., Michas, P. N., & Schultz, W. L. (2015). Do accounting and audit quality affect World Bank lending? Accounting Review, 90(2), 703–738.

Lan, T., & Hong, Y. (2017). Norm, gender, and bribe-giving: Insights from a behavioral game.(Research Article). PLoS ONE, 12(12), e0189995. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189995

Lan, X., & Li, W. (2013). Swiss Watch Cycles: Evidence of Corruption during Leadership Transition in China. http://203.81.22.28/userfiles/doc/lan_watch_jmp1.pdf

Lancaster, T., & Montinola, G. (1997). Toward a methodology for the comparative study of political corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3), 185–206. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008274416350

Lancaster, T., & Montinola, G. (2001). Comparative political corruption: Issues of operationalization and measurement. Studies in Comparative International Development, 36(3), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02686202

Landell-Mills, P. (2013). Citizens Against Corruption: Report from the Front Line. Troubador Publishing Ltd.

Landman, T., & Schudel, C. J. W. (2007). Corruption and Human Rights: Empirical Relationships and Policy Advice. http://www.ichrp.org/files/papers/131/131_-_Landman_and_Schudel_-_2007.pdf

Landrian, A., Phillips, B. S., Singhal, S., Mishra, S., Kajal, F., & Sudhinaraset, M. (2020). Do you need to pay for quality care? Associations between bribes and out-of-pocket expenditures on quality of care during childbirth in India. Health Policy and Planning. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa008

Lane, S. (2016). The Subjective Nature of Country Risk. Risk Management, 63(6), 18–19.

Lang, B. (2017). China’s anti-graft campaign and international anti-corruption norms: Towards a “new international anti-corruption order”? Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9742-y

Langbein, L., & Knack, S. (2008). The Worldwide Governance Indicators And Tautology: Causally Related Separable Concepts, Indicators Of A Common Cause, Or Both? The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-4669

Langbein, L., & Knack, S. (2010). The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Six, One, or None? Journal of Development Studies, 46(2), 350–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380902952399

393 

 

Langbein, L., & Sanabria, P. (2013). The Shape of Corruption: Colombia as a Case Study. Journal of Development Studies, 49(11), 1500–1513. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.800858

Lange, D. (2008). A multidimensional conceptualization of organizational corruption control. The Academy of Management Review : AMR, 33(3), 710–729.

Langevoort, D. C. (2002). Monitoring: The behavioral economics of corporate compliance with law. Columbia Business Law Review, 2002(1), 71–118.

Langevoort, D. C. (2018). Behavioral ethics, behavioral compliance. Research Handbook on Corporate Crime and Financial Misdealing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781783474462/9781783474462.00020.xml

Langr, I. (2018). Public Procurement in the Systemic Corruption Environment: Evidence from the Czech Republic. Network of Institutes and Schools of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe. The NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 11(2), 53–79. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0013

Langseth, P. (2006). Measuring corruption. In F. Galtung, A. Shacklock, C. Connors, & C. Sampford (Eds.), Measuring corruption (pp. 7–45). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=XsihAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT15&dq=%E2%80%9CMeasuring+Corruption%E2%80%9D,+in+Charles+Sampford,+Arthur+Shacklock,+Carmel+Connors+%26+Fredrik+Galtung+eds.,+Measuring+Corruption&ots=UJWBr6OK6A&sig=Q6qLXHMtuBCi_qVwjMWuGBiu-1Q

Lanskoy, M., & Myles-Primakoff, D. (2018). Power and Plunder in Putin’s russia. Journal of Democracy, 29(1), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0006

Lanyi, A. (2004). Measuring the Economic Impact of Corruption: A Survey. In The corruption nexus and the People’s Republic of China: Current thinking on causes and consequences. IRIS Center at the University of Maryland.

LaPalombara, J. (1994). Structural and Institutional Aspects of Corruption. Social Research, 61(2), 325–350.

Lapatinas, A., & Litina, A. (2019). Environmental projects in the presence of corruption. International Tax and Public Finance, 26(1), 103–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-018-9503-6

Lapshyna, I. (2014). Corruption as a Driver of Migration Aspirations: The Case of Ukraine. Economics & Sociology, 7(4), 113–127.

Lara, Teodoro, F., & Luz, R. (2018). Leniency Program in the Anti-Corruption Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3237825). Social Science Research Network.

394 

 

https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3237825

Larcinese, V., & Sircar, I. (2017). Crime and punishment the British way: Accountability channels following the MPs’ expenses scandal. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.12.006

Large, D. (2005). Introductory survey: Corruption and reconstruction after war. In Corruption in Post War Reconstruction, Confronting the vicious cycle. Beirut (pp. 32–55).

Larhsoukanh, S., & Wang, C. (2020). Country output and financial black holes: Public–private partnerships and the Laffer curve, fiscal corruption risk, and bailout rate of non-performing loans. Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 540–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1718523

Larmour, P. (2007). Short Introduction to Corruption and Anti-Corruption (CIES Working paper 3). http://cies.iscte-iul.pt/destaques/documents/CIES-WP37_Larmour_.pdf

Larmour, P. (2009). Corruption, Culture and Institutions: Evidence from the Pacific Islands. In Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity (pp. 206–221). Routledge.

Larmour, Peter. (2001). Corruption, Culture and Transferability: What Can Be Learned From Australia? Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 9(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00149

Larmour, Peter. (2008). Corruption and the concept of ‘Culture’: Evidence from the Pacific Islands. Crime, Law and Social Change, 49(3), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-007-9098-9

Larmour, Peter. (2012a). Corruption and the Concept of Culture: Evidence from the Pacific Islands. In M. Barcham & B. Hindess (Eds.), Corruption: Expanding the Focus (pp. 155–177). Canberra: ANU Press. http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=459875

Larmour, Peter. (2012b). Interpreting corruption: Culture and politics in the Pacific islands. University of Hawaiʻi Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:muse9780824861193

Larraín B., F., & Tavares, J. (2004). Does Foreign Direct Investment Decrease Corruption? Cuadernos de Economía, 41(123), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-68212004012300003

Larrain B., F., & Tavares, J. (2007). Can Openness Deter Corruption? The Role of Foreign Direct Investment. C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/cprceprdp/6488.htm

395 

 

Larreguy Arbesu, H. and M., John and Snyder, James M. (2014). Revealing Malfeasance: How Local Media Facilitates Electoral Sanctioning of Mayors in Mexico (November 2014). NBER Working Paper No. W20697. Unpublished Material. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2529870

Larsson, T. (2006). Reform, corruption, and growth: Why corruption is more devastating in Russia than in China. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 39(2), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2006.03.005

Lascoumes, P. (2014). Condemning Corruption and Tolerating Conflicts of Interest: French ‘Arrangements’ Regarding Breaches of Integrity. In Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 67–84). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507

Lascoumes, P., & Tomescu-Hatto, O. (2008). French Ambiguities in Understandings of Corruption: Concurrent Definitions. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 9(1), 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/15705850701825428

Lash, N. A., & Batavia, B. (2013). Government Economic Intervention and Corruption. The Journal of Developing Areas, 47(2), 1–15. JSTOR.

Lash, N., & Batavia, B. (2019). Corruption and Doing Business in Emerging Markets. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 9(11), 1279–1289. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2019.911.1279.1289

Lassila, J. (2016). Aleksei Naval’nyi and Populist Re-ordering of Putin’s Stability. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(1), 118–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2015.1120276

Latham, M. (2015). “The city has been wronged and abused!”: Institutional corruption in the eighteenth century. The Economic History Review, 68(3), 1038–1061. https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12091

Latimer, P. (2017). Anti-bribery laws—Compliance issues in Australia. Journal of Financial Crime, 24(1), 4–16.

Latimer, P., & Brown, A. J. (2008). Whistleblower Laws: International Best Practice. University of New South Wales Law Journal, The, 31(3), 766–794.

Latov, Y. V. (2015). Corruption in the system of threats to national security of Russia. Aktualʹnye Problemy Èkonomiki i Prava, 9(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.09.2015.1.46-53

Lau, C. K. M., Demir, E., & Bilgin, M. H. (2013). Experience-based corporate corruption and stock market volatility: Evidence from emerging markets. Emerging Markets Review, 17, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2013.07.002

396 

 

Lauchs, M., Keast, R., & Yousefpour, N. (2011). Corrupt police networks: Uncovering hidden relationship patterns, functions and roles. Policing and Society, 21(1), 110–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2010.540656

Laudone, S. (2016). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Unbridled Enforcement And Flawed Culpability Standards Deter SMEs From Entering The Global Marketplace. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 106(2), 355–404.

Lauer, S. A., & Murphy, J. E. (2020). Compliance and Ethics Programs: What Lawyers Need to Know to Understand the Development of This Field. The Business Lawyer, 75(4), 2541-.

Lauletta, M., Rossi, M. A., Vieyra., J. C., & Arisi, D. (2019). Monitoring Public Investment: The Impact of MapaRegalías in Colombia (IDB-WP-1059). Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0002014

Lauth, H.-J. (2000). Informal Institutions and Democracy. Democratization, 7(4), 21–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340008403683

Lauwo, S. (2019). Corruption and socio-political economic structures: A case of Nigeria. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 330–371. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2018-0003

Lavallee, E., Razafindrakoto, M., & Roubaud, F. (2008). Corruption and Trust in Political Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa (Working Paper 102; Afrobarometer). http://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/Working%20paper/AfropaperNo102.pdf

Lavallée, E., & Roubaud, F. (2009). Corruption and the informal sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. https://basepub.dauphine.fr//handle/123456789/5135

Lavallée, E., & Roubaud, F. (2018). Corruption in the Informal Sector: Evidence from West Africa. The Journal of Development Studies, 0(0), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1438597

Lavinia Dudaș & Lavinia Mihiț. (2019). What Shapes Elections and Corruption in Emerging and Developing Countries ? Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, XIX(1), 195–201.

Law, S. H., Tan, H. B., & Azman-Saini, W. N. W. (2014). Financial Development and Income Inequality at Different Levels of Institutional Quality. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 50(1S), 21–33.

Lawal, G. (2007). Corruption and Development in Africa: Challenges for Political and Economic Change. Humanity & Social Science Journal, 2(1), 1–7.

Lawal, S. M. (2015). An appraisal of corruption in the Nigeria electoral system. European Scientific Journal, 11(25), 256.

397 

 

Lawer, E., Lukas, M., & Jorgense, S. (2017). The neglected role of local institutions in the “resource curse” debate. Limestone mining in the Krobo region of Ghana. Resources Policy, 54, 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.08.005

Lawson, B., Martin, G., Muriel, L., & Wilkins, M. (2019). How Do Auditors Respond to FCPA Risk? Auditing, 38(4), 177–200. https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-52390

Lawson, L. (2009). The Politics of Anti-Corruption Reform in Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 47(1), 73–100.

Lazar, S. (2005). Citizens Despite the State: Everyday Corruption and Local Politics in El Alto, Bolivia. In Corruption: Anthropological perspectives. Pluto.

Lazarova, E. A., & Mosca, I. (2008). Does governance matter for aggregate health capital? Applied Economics Letters, 15(3), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850600721916

Le Billon, P. (2003). Buying peace or fuelling war: The role of corruption in armed conflicts. Journal of International Development, 15(4), 413–426. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.993

Le Billon, P. (2008). Corrupting Peace? Peacebuilding and Post-conflict Corruption. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 344–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310802058851

Le Billon, P. (2014a). Natural resources and corruption in post-war transitions: Matters of trust. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 770–786. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921429

Le Billon, P. (2014b). Resource Grabs. In Corruption, grabbing and development: Real world challenges. Edward Elgar, 2014.

Le, D. T., Malesky, E., & Pham, A. (2020). The impact of local corruption on business tax registration and compliance: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 177, 762–786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.07.002

Le Foulon, C., & Reyes-Housholder, C. (2021). Candidate sex, corruption and vote choice. Electoral Studies, 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102270

Le Moglie, M., & Turati, G. (2019). Electoral cycle bias in the media coverage of corruption news. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 163, 140–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.05.005

Le, Q. C., Nguyen, T. P. T., & Do, T. N. (n.d.). State ownership, quality of sub-national governance, and total factor productivity of firms in Vietnam. Post-Communist Economies, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2020.1793608

Le, Q. V., & Rishi, M. (2006). Corruption and Capital Flight: An Empirical Assessment.

398 

 

International Economic Journal, 20(4), 523–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168730601027161

Le Van, C., & Maurel, M. (2006). Education, Corruption and Growth in developing countries. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00129754/

Le, V.-H., Haan, J. de, & Dietzenbacher, E. (2013). Do Higher Government Wages Reduce Corruption? Evidence Based on a Novel Dataset. CESifo Group Munich. https://ideas.repec.org/p/ces/ceswps/_4254.html

Le Vine, V. (1992). Administrative corruption and democratization in Africa—Aspects of the theoretic agenda. Corruption and Reform, 7(3), 271–271.

Le, Y., Shan, M., Chan, A. P. C., & Hu, Y. (2014a). Overview of Corruption Research in Construction. Journal of Management in Engineering, 30(4), 02514001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000300

Le, Y., Shan, M., Chan, A. P. C., & Hu, Y. (2014b). Investigating the Causal Relationships between Causes of and Vulnerabilities to Corruption in the Chinese Public Construction Sector. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 140(9), 05014007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000886

Leader-Williams, N., Baldus, R. D., & Smith, R. J. (2009). The Influence of Corruption on the Conduct of Recreational Hunting. In B. D. Head, J. H. D. C. Honoraryessor, & W. M. Adamsessor (Eds.), Recreational Hunting, Conservation and Rural Livelihoods (pp. 296–316). Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444303179.ch18

Leasure, P. (2016a). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the benefits of voluntary disclosure. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(4), 916–931. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2015-0033

Leasure, P. (2016b). Asset recovery in corruption cases: Comparative analysis identifies serious flaws in US tracing procedure. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 19(1), 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-04-2015-0010

Leasure, P. (2017). Combatting the global crime of bribery: A report on Canadian foreign official anti-bribery policy. Journal of Financial Crime, 24(4), 496–512. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2015-0065

Lebaron, G., & Ruhmkorf, A. (2017). Steering CSR Through Home State Regulation: A Comparison of the Impact of the UK Bribery Act and Modern Slavery Act on Global Supply Chain Governance. Global Policy, 8(S3), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12398

Leclair, M. S. (2018). Malfeasance in the Charitable Sector: Determinants of “Soft” Corruption at Nonprofit Organizations. Public Integrity, 1–15.

399 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1422310

Lecuna, A. (2012). Corruption and size decentralization. Journal of Applied Economics, 15(1), 139.

Ledeneva, A. (2008). Blat and Guanxi: Informal Practices in Russia and China. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 50(01). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417508000078

Ledeneva, A. (2009). Corruption in Postcommunist Societies in Europe: A Re-examination. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 10(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/15705850802700017

Ledeneva, A. (2019). The Art of the Bribe: Corruption Under Stalin, 1943–1953. Journal of Social History, 52(3), 987. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shx094

Ledeneva, A., Bratu, R., & Köker, P. (2017). Corruption Studies for the Twenty-First Century: Paradigm Shifts and Innovative Approaches. The Slavonic and East European Review, 95(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.95.1.0001

Lederer, M. (2012). REDD+ governance. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 3(1), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.155

Lederman, D., Loayza, N. V., & Soares, R. R. (2005). Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter. Economics & Politics, 17(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2005.00145.x

Ledyaeva, S., Karhunen, P., Kosonen, R., & Whalley, J. (2015). Offshore Foreign Direct Investment, Capital Round-Tripping, and Corruption: Empirical Analysis of Russian Regions. Economic Geography; Econ.Geogr., 91(3), 305–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecge.12093

Ledyaeva, Svetlana, Karhunen, P., & Kosonen, R. (2013). Birds of a feather: Evidence on commonality of corruption and democracy in the origin and location of foreign investment in Russian regions. European Journal of Political Economy, 32, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.06.003

Lee, A.-R., & Chávez, K. (2020). Are Women More Averse to Corruption than Men? The Case of South Korea. Social Science Quarterly, 101(2), 473–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12768

Lee, C. M. C., & Ng, D. (2009). Corruption and international valuation: Does virtue pay? The Journal of Investing, 18(4), 23–41.

Lee, C.-C., Wang, C.-W., & Ho, S.-J. (2020). Country governance, corruption, and the likelihood of firms’ innovation. Economic Modelling, 92, 326–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.01.013

400 

 

Lee, C.-S. (2007). Labor Unions and Good Governance: A Cross-National, Comparative Analysis. American Sociological Review, 72(4), 585–609.

Lee, F. L. F. (2015). How Citizens React to Political Scandals Surrounding Government Leaders: A Survey Study in Hong Kong. Asian Journal of Political Science, 23(1), 44–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2014.973893

Lee, G., Pittroff, E., & Turner, M. (2018). Is a Uniform Approach to Whistle-Blowing Regulation Effective? Evidence from the United States and Germany. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4023-y

Lee, H., Lim, H., Moore, D. D., & Kim, J. (2013). How police organizational structure correlates with frontline officers’ attitudes toward corruption: A multilevel model. Police Practice and Research, 14(5), 386–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2011.635483

Lee, H. N., & Song, B. K. (2020). The cost of presidential impeachment to politically connected firms. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 21(2), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1468109919000173

Lee, H.-Y., Yang, B.-M., & Kang, M. (2016). Control of corruption, democratic accountability, and effectiveness of HIV/AIDS official development assistance. Global Health Action, 9(0). https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.30306

Lee, J. A., Slear, J. D., Lee, J. A., & Slear, J. D. (2007). Unique Problems with FCPA Compliance in the People’s Republic of China. Business Law Today, 16(5), 14–18.

Lee, Jae-Hyung. (2006). Business corruption, public sector corruption, and growth rate: Time series analysis using Korean data. Applied Economics Letters, 13(13), 881–885. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850500425519

Lee, Joung-Hun, Iwasa, Y., Dieckmann, U., & Sigmund, K. (2019). Social evolution leads to persistent corruption. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900078116

Lee, Joung-Hun, Sigmund, K., Dieckmann, U., & Iwasa, Y. (2015). Games of corruption: How to suppress illegal logging. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 367(Journal Article), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.10.037

Lee, L. (n.d.). Certainty in Coming Clean: Establishing an FCPA Safe Harbor for Self-Reporting Companies (September 5, 2014). Unpublished Material. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2492307; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2492307

Lee, M.-H., & Lio, M.-C. (2016). The impact of information and communication technology on public governance and corruption in China. 32(2), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666914529293

401 

 

Lee, N.-J. (2001). The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in Preventing Corruption. In K. ADB-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region : Seoul (Ed.), Progress in the fight against corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Papers presented at the joint ABD-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region, Seoul, Korea, 11-13 December 2000. Asian Development Bank.

Lee, P. L. (2010). A renewed focus on foreign corruption and politically exposed persons. Banking Law Journal, 127(9), 813–848.

Lee, S. (2015). Quality of government and tourism destination competitiveness. Tourism Economics; Tour.Econ., 21(4), 881–888. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2014.0377

Lee, S. Y., Díaz-Puente, J. M., & Martin, S. (2017). The Contribution of Open Government to Prosperity of Society. International Journal of Public Administration, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2017.1405446

Lee, Sang-Hwan. (2010). Comparative Studies on Current Situations of Anti-Corruption and Human Rights in Southern Europe, East Asia and Latin America in Perspective of Soft Power. International Area Studies Review, 13(4), 59–74.

Lee, Seung-Hyun, & Hong, S. (2012). Corruption and subsidiary profitability: US MNC subsidiaries in the Asia Pacific region. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29(4), 949–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9214-8

Lee, Seung-Hyun, & Oh, K. (2007). Corruption in Asia: Pervasiveness and arbitrariness. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(1), 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-006-9027-y

Lee, Seung-Hyun, Oh, K., & Eden, L. (2010). Why Do Firms Bribe? Insights from Residual Control Theory into Firms’ Exposure and Vulnerability to Corruption. Management International Review, 50(6), 775–796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0057-9

Lee, Seung-hyun, & Weng, D. H. (2013). Does bribery in the home country promote or dampen firm exports? Strategic Management Journal, 34(12), 1472–1487. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2075

Lee, T. (2018). Pernicious custom? Corruption, culture, and the efficacy of anti-corruption campaigning in China. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(3), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9735-x

Lee, W.-S., & Guven, C. (2013). Engaging in corruption: The influence of cultural values and contagion effects at the microlevel. Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.09.006

Lee, Y., & Azfar, O. (2008). Corruption and trade regulations: An instrumental variable

402 

 

approach. Applied Economics Letters, 15(3), 231–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850600706180

Leemann, L., & Bochsler, D. (2014). A systematic approach to study electoral fraud. Electoral Studies, 35(Journal Article), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.03.005

Leenders, R. (2012). Spoils of truce: Corruption and state-building in postwar Lebanon. Cornell University Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:muse978080146587120160209

Leenders, R. (2016). The First Time as Tragedy, the Second as Farce? Lebanon’s Nascent Petroleum Sector and the Risks of Corruption. Mediterranean Politics, Journal Article, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2015.1117168

Leeson, P., & Sobel, R. (2008). Weathering Corruption. The Journal of Law and Economics, 51(4), 667–681. https://doi.org/10.1086/590129

Lehman, G., & Morton, E. (2017). Accountability, corruption and social and environment accounting: Micro-political processes of change. Accounting Forum, 41(4), 281–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2017.10.004

Lehman, G., & Thorne, K. (2015). Corruption, criminality and the privatised state: The implications for accounting. Accounting Forum, 39(4), 366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2015.10.002

Lehne, J., Shapiro, J. N., & Vanden Eynde, O. (2018). Building connections: Political corruption and road construction in India. Journal of Development Economics, 131, 62–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.10.009

Lehoucq, F. (2003). Electoral fraud: Causes, types, and consequences. Annual Review Of Political Science, 6, 233–256.

Leibold, A. (2015). Extraterritorial application of the FCPA under international law.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977). Willamette Law Review, 51(2), 225–267.

Leibrecht, M., & Pitlik, H. (2020). Is confidence in major companies rooted in generalized social trust, or regulatory quality, or both? Journal of Institutional Economics, 16(3), 287–303. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137419000699

Leiken, R. (1996). Controlling the global corruption epidemic. Foreign Policy, 105, 55–73.

Leitão, A. (2010). Corruption and the environmental Kuznets Curve: Empirical evidence for sulfur. Ecological Economics, 69(11), 2191–2201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.004

403 

 

Leite, C., & Weidmann, J. (1999). Does Mother Nature Corrupt? Natural Resources, Corruption, and Economic Growth (No. 99/85; IMF Working Paper). https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/1999/wp9985.pdf

Leiva, B. (2020). Natural resource rent allocation, government quality, and concession design: The case of copper in Chile. Resources Policy, 68, 101748-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101748

Lele, G. (2020). Revisiting the virtues of veto point: Political corruption in post-Soeharto Indonesia. Journal of Legislative Studies, 26(2), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2020.1738688

Lemaître, S. (2019). Illicit financial flows within the extractive industries sector: A glance at how legal requirements can be manipulated and diverted. Crime, Law and Social Change, 71(1), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-018-9791-x

Lemma, T. T. (2015). Corruption, debt financing and corporate ownership. Journal of Economic Studies, 42(3), 433–461. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-02-2013-0029

Lengwiler, Y., & Wolfstetter, E. (2006). Corruption in Procurement Auctions. In N. Dimitri (Ed.), Handbook of Procurement. Cambridge University Press.

Lenz, G. S., & Lim, K. (2009). Getting Rich(er) in Office? Corruption and Wealth Accumulation in Congress [Working Paper]. Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1450077

León, C. J., Araña, J. E., & De León, J. (2013). Valuing the social cost of corruption using subjective well being data and the technique of vignettes. Applied Economics, 45(27), 3863–3870. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2012.741678

León, C. J., Araña, J. E., & de León, J. (2013). Correcting for Scale Perception Bias in Measuring Corruption: An Application to Chile and Spain. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 977–995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0185-7

Leontieva, L. S., Khalilova, T. V., Gaynullina, L. F., & Khalilov, A. I. (2015). Social-Communicative Innovations in Anti-Corruption Activities. Asian Social Science, 11(7), 387–393.

Leroy, A.-M., & Fariello, F. (2012). The World Bank Group Sanctions Process and Its Recent Reforms. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAWJUSTICE/Resources/SanctionsProcess.pdf

Lessig, L. (2011). Republic, lost: How money corrupts Congress--and a plan to stop it (1st ed.). Twelve.

Lessig, L. (2014a). A reply to Professors Cain and Charles. California Law Review, 102(1),

404 

 

49–52.

Lessig, L. (2014b). What an originalist would understand “corruption” to mean.(Brennan Center Jorde Symposium on Constitutional Law). California Law Review, 102(1), 1–24.

Lessmann, C., & Markwardt, G. (2010). One Size Fits All? Decentralization, Corruption, and the Monitoring of Bureaucrats. World Development, 38(4), 631–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.003

Lestelle, E. P. (2008). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, international norms of foreign public bribery, and extraterritorial jurisdiction. Tulane Law Review, 83(2), 527–558.

Letki, N. (2006). Investigating the Roots of Civic Morality: Trust, Social Capital, and Institutional Performance. Political Behavior, 28(4), 305–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-006-9013-6

Letyaev, V., & Letyaeva, E. (2015). Corruption Threats in Regulations: Analytical Review of the Literature and Case Materials of the Russian Federation. Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(7), 159–166.

Letzkus, S. (2008). Damned if You Do, Damned if You Don. Arizona State Law Journal, 40, 1377–1400.

Leung, J. (2015). Xi’s Corruption Crackdown: How Bribery and Graft Threaten the Chinese Dream. Foreign Affairs, 94(3), 32–38.

Leuz, C., & Oberholzergee, F. (2006). Political relationships, global financing, and corporate

transparency: Evidence from Indonesia☆. Journal of Financial Economics, 81(2),

411–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.06.006

Levchenko, A. A. (2007). Institutional Quality and International Trade. Review of Economic Studies, 74(3), 791–819. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2007.00435.x

Levchenko, A. A. (2013). International Trade and Institutional Change. The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 29(5), 1145–1181. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ews008

Lévêque, C. (2019). Political connections, political favoritism and political competition: Evidence from the granting of building permits by French mayors. Public Choice, 184(1–2), 135–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-019-00718-z

Levgold, R. (2009). Corruption, the Criminalilzed State, and Post-Soviet Transitions. In Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 194–238). World Peace Foundation. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124

Levi, M. (2015). Money for crime and money from crime: Financing crime and laundering crime proceeds. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 21(2), 275–297.

405 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-015-9269-7

Levie, M. (2019). Corruption in Russia’s Primorsky Kray: Is transparency the answer? Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 382–395. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2018-0017

Levien, M. (2020). Rule by bosses? Criminal political economies in South Asia. Journal of Agrarian Change, 20(3), 504–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12367

Levin, I., Cohn, G., Alvarez, M., & Ordeshook, P. (n.d.). Detecting Voter Fraud in an Electronic Voting Context: An Analysis of the Unlimited Reelection Vote in Venezuela. https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/evtwote09/tech/full_papers/levin.pdf

Levin, J., & Widell, L. (2007). Tax Evasion in Kenya and Tanzania:Evidence from Missing Imports (2007:8; Working Papers). Örebro University, School of Business. https://ideas.repec.org/p/hhs/oruesi/2007_008.html

Levin, M., & Satarov, G. (2000). Corruption and institutions in Russia. European Journal of Political Economy, 16(1), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(99)00050-6

Levin, R. M. (2001). Fighting the appearance of corruption.(congressional election finance reform). Washington University Journal of Law & Policy, 6, 171–179.

Levitt, B., Gawronski, V., Hoberman, G., Olson, R., & Sandoval, V. (2019). Public Perceptions of Code Enforcement and Safer Buildings in Latin America and the Caribbean. Natural Hazards Review, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000333

Levitz, P., & Pop-Eleches, G. (2010a). Why No Backsliding? The European Union’s Impact on Democracy and Governance Before and After Accession. Comparative Political Studies, 43(4), 457–485. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009355266

Levitz, P., & Pop-Eleches, G. (2010b). Monitoring, Money and Migrants: Countering Post-Accession Backsliding in Bulgaria and Romania. Europe-Asia Studies, 62(3), 461–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668131003647838

Levmore, S. P. (1998). Efficiency and conspiracy: Conflicts of interest, antinepotism rules, and separation strategies. Fordham Law Review, 66(6), 2099–2116.

Levy, D. (2007). Price adjustment under the table: Evidence on efficiency-enhancing corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 423–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2007.01.001

Lewellyn, K. B., Bao, S. &Apos, & Rosey&Apos. (2017). The role of national culture and corruption on managing earnings around the world. Journal of World Business, 52(6), 798–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2017.07.002

Lewis, B. D. (2017). Local government spending and service delivery in Indonesia: The perverse

406 

 

effects of substantial fiscal resources. Regional Studies, 51(11), 1695–1707. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1216957

Lewis, B. D., & Hendrawan, A. (2018). The impact of majority coalitions on local government spending, service delivery, and corruption in Indonesia. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2018.11.002

Lewis, B. D., & Hendrawan, A. (2020). The impact of public sector accounting reform on corruption: Causal evidence from subnational Indonesia. Public Administration and Development, 40(5), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1896

Lewis, C., & Lloyd-Sherlock, P. (2009). Social policy and economic development in South America: An historical approach to social insurance. Economy and Society, 38(1), 109–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140802560587

Lewis, D. G., & Sagnayeva, S. (2020). Corruption, patronage and illiberal peace: Forging political settlement in post-conflict Kyrgyzstan. Third World Quarterly, 41(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1642102

Lewis, J. (2017). Social impacts of corruption upon community resilience and poverty. Jàmbá, 9(1).

Lewis, M. K. (2012). Presuming innocence, or corruption, in China. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 50(2), 287–369.

Lewis, Maureen. (2006). Governance and Corruption in Public Health Care Systems (Center for Global Development Working Paper No. 78). http://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/5967_file_WP_78.pdf

Lewis, Maureen. (2007). Informal payments and the financing of health care in developing and transition countries. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 26(4), 984–997.

Lewis, Maureen. (2019). We Need to Measure and Address Corruption and Poor Governance in Health Systems Comment on “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems”. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 8(10), 616–619. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.44

Lewis, Maureen, & Gelander, G. P. (2009). Governance in Education: Raising Performance [Working Paper]. World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTHDOFFICE/Resources/5485726-1239047988859/GAC_in_education_master_12_April_2009.pdf

Lewis, Melea, & Stenning, P. (2016). Considering the Glenister judgment: Independence requirements for anti-corruption institutions. South African Crime Quarterly, 39. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2012/v0i39a847

407 

 

Lewis-Faupel, S., Neggers, Y., Olken, B. A., & Pande, R. (2016). Can Electronic Procurement Improve Infrastructure Provision? Evidence from Public Works in India and Indonesia. American Economic Journal-Economic Policy, 8(3), 258–283. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140258

Li, Bingqin, & Mayraz, G. (2017). Infrastructure Spending in China Increases Trust in Local Government. Social Indicators Research, 132(1), 341–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1223-z

Li, Boying, Hao, Y., & Chang, C.-P. (2018). Does an anticorruption campaign deteriorate environmental quality? Evidence from China. Energy & Environment, 29(1), 67–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X17740717

Li, C., Liu, L., Zheng, W., Dang, J., & Liang, Y. (2017). A clean self reduces bribery intent. International Journal of Psychology : Journal International de Psychologie. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12452

Li, David D. (1998). Changing Incentives of the Chinese Bureaucracy. The American Economic Review, 88(2), 393–397.

Li, Dmitriy D., Rishi, M., & Bae, J. H. (2020). Green official development Aid and carbon emissions: Do institutions matter? Environment and Development Economics, 26(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X20000170

Li, F., & Deng, J. (2016a). The Limits of the Arbitrariness in Anticorruption by China’s Local Party Discipline Inspection Committees. Journal of Contemporary China, 25(97), 75.

Li, F., & Deng, J. (2016b). The power and the misuse of power by China’s local procuratorates in anticorruption. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 45(Journal Article), 1.

Li, He, Refalo, J., & Maisondieu-Laforge, O. (2020). National corruption and international banking. Global Finance Journal, 100521-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2020.100521

Li, Hongbin, Meng, L., Wang, Q., & Zhou, L.-A. (2008). Political connections, financing and firm performance: Evidence from Chinese private firms. Journal of Development Economics, 87(2), 283–299.

Li, Hongyi, Xu, L. C., & Zou, H. (2000). Corruption, Income Distribution, and Growth. Economics & Politics, 12(2), 155–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0343.00073

Li, Hui, Gong, T., & Xiao, H. (2016). The Perception of Anti-corruption Efficacy in China: An Empirical Analysis. Social Indicators Research; An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 125(3), 885–903. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0859-z

Li, Hui, & Meng, T. (2020). Corruption Experience and Public Perceptions of Anti-corruption

408 

 

Crackdowns: Experimental Evidence from China. Chinese Journal of Political Science, 25(3), 431–456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-020-09672-w

Li, Hui, Tang, M., & Huhe, N. (2015). How does democracy influence citizens’ perceptions of government corruption? A cross-national study. Democratization, Journal Article, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2015.1039995

Li, Ji, Moy, J., Lam, K., & Chris Chu, W. L. (2008). Institutional Pillars and Corruption at the Societal Level. Journal of Business Ethics, 83(2), 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9622-y

Li, Jiawei, Chen, W.-H., Xu, Q., Shah, N., Kohler, J. C., & Mackey, T. K. (2020). Detection of self-reported experiences with corruption on twitter using unsupervised machine learning. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1), 100060-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100060

Li, Li. (2016). Measuring the subjective perceptions of the social censure of corruption in post-1997 Hong Kong. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(1–2), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-015-9599-x

Li, Li, Lien, D., Wu, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2017). Enforcement and Political Power in Anticorruption-Evidence from China. World Development, 98, 133.

Li, Li, & Lo, T. W. (2018). Mainlandization, the ICAC, and the Seriousness Attached by Local Politicians to Corruption in Post-1997 Hong Kong. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(6), 1742–1760. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X16686570

Li, Ling. (2011a). Performing Bribery in China: Guanxi-practice, corruption with a human face. Journal of Contemporary China, 20(68), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2011.520841

Li, Ling. (2011b). The ‘Production’ of Corruption in China’s Courts – The Politics of Judicial Decision-Making and its Consequences in a One-Party State (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1880141). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1880141

Li, Ling. (2016). The Rise of the Discipline and Inspection Commission, 1927–2012. Modern China, 42(5), 447–482. https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700416631047

Li, Ling. (2018). The moral economy of guanxi and the market of corruption: Networks, brokers and corruption in China’s courts. International Political Science Review, 39(5), 634–646. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118791585

Li, Ling. (2019). Politics of Anticorruption in China: Paradigm Change of the Party’s Disciplinary Regime 2012-2017. Journal of Contemporary China, 28(115), 47–63.

409 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2018.1497911

Li, P. (2009). The Duality of Crony Corruption in Economic Transition: Toward an Integrated Framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9747-7

Li, Q., & An, L. (2019). Corruption Takes Away Happiness: Evidence from a Cross-National Study. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00092-z

Li, Q., An, L., Xu, J., & Baliamoune-Lutz, M. (2018). Corruption costs lives: Evidence from a cross-country study. The European Journal of Health Economics : HEPAC : Health Economics in Prevention and Care, 19(1), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-017-0872-z

Li, Sha, Bühren, C., Frank, B., & Qin, H. (2015). Group Decision Making in a Corruption Experiment: China and Germany Compared. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 207–227.

Li, Shaomin. (2017). Assessment of and Outlook on China’s Corruption and Anticorruption Campaigns: Stagnation in the Authoritarian Trap. Modern China Studies, 24(2), 139–157.

Li, Shaomin, & Ouyang, M. (2007). A dynamic model to explain the bribery behavior of firms. International Journal of Management, 24(3), 605.

Li, Shaomin, & Wu, J. (Judy). (2010). Why some countries thrive despite corruption: The role of trust in the corruption–efficiency relationship. Review of International Political Economy, 17(1), 129–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290802577446

Li, Shu, Triandis, H. C., & Yu, Y. (2006). Cultural Orientation and Corruption. Ethics & Behavior, 16(3), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327019eb1603_2

Li, T., & Li, J. (2019). Does legal registration help or hurt? The effect of government corruption on resource acquisition by nascent ventures in an emerging economy. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09673-1

Li, Wei. (2002a). Corruption and Resource Allocation: Evidence from China [Working Paper]. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/39780/wp396.pdf?sequence=3

Li, Wei. (2002b). Corruption during the Economic Transition in China. In Corrupt exchanges: Empirical themes in the politics and political economy of corruption (1. Aufl.). Nomos.

Li, Wei. (2002c). Measuring Corruption under China’s Dual-Track System [Working Paper]. http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/liw/papers/measuring-corruption.pdf

Li, Weijia, Roland, G., & Xie, Y. (2020). Erosion of State Power, Corruption Control, and Political Stability. BOFIT Discussion Papers, 2020(5), 1–53.

410 

 

Li, Xiaojun. (2015). Measuring Local Corruption in China: A Cautionary Tale. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 21(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-015-9377-8

Li, Xiaoting. (2017). Cronyism and Military Corruption in the Post-Deng Xiaoping Era: Rethinking the Party-Commands-the-Gun Model. Journal of Contemporary China, 26(107), 696–710. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2017.1305486

Li, Yan, Yao, F. K., & Ahlstrom, D. (2015). The social dilemma of bribery in emerging economies: A dynamic model of emotion, social value, and institutional uncertainty. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(2), 311–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-014-9406-8

Li, Yaoqin, Xu, X., Xu, X., & Gan, W. (2018). Political extraction and corporate cash holdings in China. Asian - Pacific Economic Literature, 32(2), 76–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/apel.12237

Liao, XC, Dogan, E., & Baek, J. (2017). Does corruption matter for the environment? Panel evidence from China. Economics-The Open Access Open-Assessment E-Journal, 11(27). https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2017-27

Liao, Xingmiu, & Tsai, W.-H. (2020). Strengthening China’s Powerful Commission for Discipline Inspection under Xi Jinping, with a Case Study at the County Level. The China Journal (Canberra, A.C.T.), 84(1), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.1086/708610

Liaropoulos, L., Siskou, O., Kaitelidou, D., Theodorou, M., & Katostaras, T. (2008). Informal payments in public hospitals in Greece. Health Policy, 87(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.12.005

Libman, A. (2013). Communism or communists? Soviet legacies and corruption in transition economies. Economics Letters, 119(1), 101–103.

Lichand, G., & Fernandes, G. (2019). The Dark Side of the Contract: Do Government Audits Reduce Corruption in the Presence of Displacement by Vendors?

Lichand, G., Lopes, M. F., & Medeiros, M. C. (2016). Is Corruption Good For Your Health? [Working Paper]. http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/glichand/files/is_corruption_good_for_your_health_-_nov13.pdf

Licht, A. N., Goldschmidt, C., & Schwartz, S. H. (2007). Culture rules: The foundations of the rule of law and other norms of governance. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(4), 659–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2007.09.001

Liedong, T. A. (2017). Combating Corruption in Africa through Institutional Entrepreneurship: Peering in from Business-Government Relations. Africa Journal of Management, 1–18.

411 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/23322373.2017.1379825

Lien, D.-H. D. (1986). A note on competitive bribery games. Economics Letters, 22(4), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(86)90093-5

Lien, D.-H. D. (1990). Corruption and allocation efficiency. Journal of Development Economics, 33(1), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(90)90013-2

Lierl, M. (2014). Selection or Incentives? Experimental Evidence on the Accountability of Village Leaders in Tanzania [Working Paper].

Lierl, M. (2016). What Motivates Village Leaders to Refrain from Misappropriating Public Resources. http://www.maltelierl.info/files/Lierl2014a.pdf

Lierl, M. (2017). Elections and Embezzlement: Experimental Evidence from Burkina Faso. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-8067

Liew, L. H. (1992). Corruption as a form of insurance. European Journal of Political Economy, 8(3), 427–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(92)90005-2

Ligeti, K., & Simonato, M. (2017). Chasing Criminal Money: Challenges and Perspectives On Asset Recovery in the EU. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Light, D. W., Lexchin, J., & Darrow, J. J. (2013). Institutional Corruption of Pharmaceuticals and the Myth of Safe and Effective Drugs. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 41(3), 590–600. https://doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12068

Light, M. (2014). Police reforms in the Republic of Georgia: The convergence of domestic and foreign policy in an anti-corruption drive. Policing and Society, 24(3), 318–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784289

Lim, C. L., Prescott, G. W., Alban, J. D. T., Ziegler, A. D., & Webb, E. L. (2017). Untangling the proximate causes and underlying drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Myanmar. Conservation Biology, 31(6), 1362–1372. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12984

Lim, D., Jordan, M., Kibbe, P., Donatti, D., & Acheampong, K. (2013). Access to Remedies for Transnational Public Bribery: A Governance Gap. Criminal Justice, 28(3), 1–12.

Lim, H., & Sloan, J. J. (2016). Police officer integrity: A partial replication and extension. Policing, 39(2), 284–301.

Lim, K. Y. (2018). Modelling the dynamics of corruption and unemployment with heterogeneous labour. Economic Modelling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.10.004

Lim, L. (2003). Corruption, Southeast Asian style: Its puzzling connections with economic growth and democracy. The Journal of the International Institute, 10(2).

412 

 

Lim, L. Y. C., & Stern, A. (2002). State Power and Private Profit: The political economy of corruption in Southeast Asia. Asian‐Pacific Economic Literature, 16(2), 18–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8411.00120

Lin, Chen, Morck, R., Yeung, B., & Zhao, X. (2016). Anti-Corruption Reforms and Shareholder Valuations: Event Study Evidence from China (Working Paper No. 22001). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w22001

Lin, Chujun, Adolphs, R., & Alvarez, R. M. (2018). Inferring Whether Officials Are Corruptible From Looking At Their Faces. Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618788882

Lin, J., & Si, S. (2010). Can guanxi be a problem? Contexts, ties, and some unfavorable consequences of social capital in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27(3), 561–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9198-4

Lin, J. Y., Vu, K., & Hartley, K. (2019). A modeling framework for enhancing aid effectiveness. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2018.1551137

Lin, M.-W., & Yu, C. (2014). Can Corruption Be Measured? Comparing Global Versus Local Perceptions of Corruption in East and Southeast Asia. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 140–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2013.870115

Lin, R.-T., Chien, L.-C., Chen, Y.-M., & Chan, C.-C. (2014). Governance matters: An ecological association between governance and child mortality. International Health, 6(3), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihu018

Lin, S., & Zhang, W. (2009). The effect of corruption on capital accumulation. Journal of Economics, 97(1), 67–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00712-009-0062-2

Lindberg, J., & Herath, D. (2014). Land and grievances in post-conflict Sri Lanka: Exploring the role of corruption complaints. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 888–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921444

Lindberg, J., & Orjuela, C. (2014). Corruption in the aftermath of war: An introduction. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 723–736. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921421

Lindberg, S. I. (2003). “It’s Our Time to ‘Chop’”: Do Elections in Africa Feed Neo-Patrimonialism rather than Counter-Act It? Democratization, 10(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/714000118

Lindberg, S. I., & Morrison, M. K. C. (2008). Are African Voters Really Ethnic or Clientelistic? Survey Evidence from Ghana. Political Science Quarterly, 123(1), 95–122.

413 

 

https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2008.tb00618.x

Linde, J. (2012). Why feed the hand that bites you? Perceptions of procedural fairness and system support in post‐communist democracies. European Journal of Political Research, 51(3), 410–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2011.02005.x

Linde, J., & Erlingsson, G. Ó. (2013). The Eroding Effect of Corruption on System Support in Sweden. Governance, 26(4), 585–603. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12004

Linder, A., & Santiso, C. (2002). Assessing the Predictive Powers of Country Risk Ratings and Governance Indicators (SAIS Working Paper 02/02). SAIS Working Paper 02/02. http://garrido.pe/lecturasydocumentos/LINDER%20%20SANTISO%20(2002)%20Assessing%20the%20predictive%20power%20of%20country%20risk%20ratings%20and%20governance.pdf.

Lindgren, J. (1988). The Elusive Distinction Between Bribery and Extortion: From the Common Law to the Hobbs Act. U.C.L.A. Law Review, 35(5), 815.

Lindgren, J. (1993). The theory, history, and practice of the bribery-extortion distinction. (Symposium: Blackmail). University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 141(5), 1695–1740.

Lindkvist, I. (2013). Informal Payments and Health Worker Effort: A Quantitative Study from Tanzania. Health Economics, 22(10), 1250–1271. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2881

Lindkvist, I. (2014). Using Salaries as a Deterrent to Informal Payments in the Health Sector. In Corruption, grabbing and development: Real world challenges. Edward Elgar, 2014.

Lindsay, R., Lindsay, L., & Irvine, V. (1996). Instilling ethical behavior in organizations: A survey of Canadian companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(4), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380360

Lindsey, C. (2009). More than you bargained for: Successor liability under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio Northern University Law Review, 35(3), 959–986.

Lindsey, R., & Dick, H. (2002). Corruption in Asia: Rethinking the governance paradigm. Federation Press.

Lindskog, H., Brege, S., & Brehmer, P.-O. (2010). Corruption in public procurement and private sector purchasing. Journal of Organisational Transformation & Social Change, 7(2), 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1386/jots.7.2.167_1

Lindstedt, C., & Naurin, D. (2010). Transparency is not Enough: Making Transparency Effective in Reducing Corruption (La transparence ne suffit pas: rendre la transparence efficace dans la lutte contre la corruption) (La transparencia no basta: Cómo crear una transparencia efectiva para reducir la corrupción). International Political Science Review / Revue Internationale de Science Politique, 31(3), 301–322.

414 

 

Linhartová, V. (2019). Curbing Corruption in the Public Sector by Utilizing Electronic Public Administration. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 67(4), 1039–1048. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967041039

Linhartova, V., & Volejnikova, J. (2015). Quantifying Corruption at a Subnational Level. E & M Ekonomie A Management; E M Ekon.Manag., 18(2), 25–39.

Linstead, S., Maréchal, G., & Griffin, R. W. (2014). Theorizing and Researching the Dark Side of Organization. Organization Studies, 35(2), 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840613515402

Lio, M., & Lee, M. (2016). Corruption costs lives: A cross‐country study using an IV approach. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 31(2), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2305

Lio, M.-C., Liu, M.-C., & Ou, Y.-P. (2011). Can the internet reduce corruption? A cross-country study based on dynamic panel data models. Government Information Quarterly, 28(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.01.005

Liou, Y.-M., & Musgrave, P. (2014). Refining the Oil Curse: Country-Level Evidence From Exogenous Variations in Resource Income. Comparative Political Studies, 47(11), 1584–1610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013512607

Lipinski, A. J. (2011). Combating government corruption: Suing the federal government via a proposed amendment to the civil RICO statute.(Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act). Valparaiso University Law Review, 46(1), 169–210.

Lipper, G. (2010). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Elusive Question of Intent. The American Criminal Law Review, 47(4), 1463.

Lippitt, A. (2013). An Empirical Analysis of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Virginia Law Review, 99(8), 1893–1930.

Lipset, S. M., & Lenz, G. (2000). Corruption, Culture and Markets. In Culture matters: How values shape human progress (pp. 112–124). Basic Books. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebook:NLIB_585418276

Litina, A., & Palivos, T. (2016). Corruption, tax evasion and social values. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 124(C), 164–177.

Litschig, S., & Zamboni, Y. (2015). Judicial Presence and Rent Extraction. http://www.econ.upf.edu/docs/papers/downloads/1143.pdf

Little, M., Lipworth, W., & Kerridge, I. (2018). An Archeology of Corruption in Medicine. Cambridge Quarterly Of Healthcare Ethics, 27(3), 525–535. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180117000925

415 

 

Litwin, D. (2013). On the Divide Between Investor-State Arbitration and the Global Fight Against Corruption. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1964

Liu, A. P. L. (1983). The Politics of Corruption in the People’s Republic of China. The American Political Science Review, 77(3), 602–623. https://doi.org/10.2307/1957262

Liu, C., & Mikesell, J. L. (2014). The Impact of Public Officials’ Corruption on the Size and Allocation of U.S. State Spending. Public Administration Review, 74(3), 346.

Liu, E. (2016). A historical review of the control of corruption on economic crime in China. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(1), 4–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-08-2015-0042

Liu, G., & Liu, S. (2017). Corruption crime and punishment: Evidence from China’s state corruption audits. Journal of Financial Crime, 24(4), 601–619. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-06-2016-0044

Liu, Jiaqi, Hu, M., Zhang, H., & Carrick, J. (2018). Corruption and Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1531242

Liu, Junxia. (2019). Investments in the energy sector of Central Asia: Corruption risk and policy implications. Energy Policy, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110912

Liu, Lianlian. (2015). The global anti-bribery collaboration in evolution. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(3), 264–294.

Liu, Linjie, Chen, X., & Szolnoki, A. (2019). Evolutionary dynamics of cooperation in a population with probabilistic corrupt enforcers and violators. Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences, 29(11), 2127–2149. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218202519500428

Liu, N., Bao, G., & He, A. J. (2020). Does health insurance coverage reduce informal payments? Evidence from the “red envelopes” in China. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-4955-7

Liu, Q. (2010). How economists study corruption. Journal of Anticorruption Research, 2, 110–118.

Liu, Q, & Peng, Y. (2012). Behavioral Environment,Social Capital and the Evolution Mechanism of Corruption Equilibrium. Comparative Economic & Social Systems, 163(5), 145–158.

Liu, Qg, Luo, T. P., & Tian, G. (2016). Political connections with corrupt government bureaucrats and corporate M&A decisions: A natural experiment from the anti- corruption cases in China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal; Pac.-Basin Financ.J.,

416 

 

37(Journal Article), 52–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2016.03.003

Liu, Qijun, & Peng, Y. (2015a). Corruption in college admissions examinations in China. International Journal of Educational Development, 41, 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.02.003

Liu, Qijun, & Peng, Y. (2015b). Determinants of Willingness to Bribe: Micro Evidence from the Educational Sector in China. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 168–183.

Liu, T., & Sun, M. (2012). Informal Payments in Developing Countries’ Public Health Sectors. Pacific Economic Review, 17(4), 514–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2012.00597.x

Liu, X., Christopoulos, G. I., & Hong, Y.-Y. (2014). The Role of Decision Frame on Decision-Making regarding Bribe Giving. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), 16680–16680. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2014.16680abstract

Liu, Xd. (2016). Corruption culture and corporate misconduct. Journal Of Financial Economics, 122(2), 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.06.005

Liu, Xiaojing, Arthanari, T., & Shi, Y. (2019). Making dairy supply chains robust against corruption risk: A systemic exploratory study. International Journal of Logistics Management, 30(4), 1078–1100. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-02-2018-0039

Liu, Ximei, Latif, K., Latif, Z., & Li, N. (2020). Relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions: Does governance matter? Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 27(14), 17221–17228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08142-3

Liu, Yajie, & Dong, F. (2020). Corruption, Economic Development and Haze Pollution: Evidence from 139 Global Countries. Sustainability, 12(3523), 3523. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093523

Liu, Ye, An, Y., & Zhang, J. (2016). Bribe payments under regulatory decentralization: Evidence from rights offering regulations in China. Journal of Banking & Finance, 63(Journal Article), 61.

Liu, Yongzheng, & Feng, H. (2015). Tax structure and corruption: Cross-country evidence. Public Choice, 162(1), 57–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-014-0194-y

Lizal, L., & Kocenda, E. (2001). State of corruption in transition: Case of the Czech Republic. Emerging Markets Review, 2(2), 138–160.

Ljunge, M. (2015). Social capital and the family: Evidence that strong family ties cultivate civic virtues. Economica [London], 82(325), 103–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12102

417 

 

Llamzon, A. (2008). The Control of Corruption through International Investment Arbitration: Potential and Limitations. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 102, 208–212.

Llamzon, A. P. (2013). State Responsibility for Corruption: The Attribution Asymmetry in International Investment Arbitration. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1958

Lloyd-Ellis, H., & Marceau, N. (2003). Endogenous insecurity and economic development. Journal of Development Economics, 72(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(03)00066-X

Lo, T. W. (1993). The politics of social censure: Corruption and bourgeois liberation in communist China. Social & Legal Studies, 2(2), 195–209.

Loayza, N. V. (1996). The economics of the informal sector: A simple model and some empirical evidence from Latin America. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 45(Supplement C), 129–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2231(96)00021-8

Lobnikar, B., & Meško, G. (2015). Perception of police corruption and the level of integrity among Slovenian police officers. Police Practice & Research, 16(4), 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2015.1038031

Locatelli, G., Mariani, G., Sainati, T., & Greco, M. (2017). Corruption in public projects and megaprojects: There is an elephant in the room! International Journal of Project Management, 35(3), 252–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.09.010

Loe, T., Ferrell, L., & Mansfield, P. (2000). A Review of Empirical Studies Assessing Ethical Decision Making in Business. Journal of Business Ethics, 25(3), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006083612239

Loftis, M. W. (2015). Deliberate Indiscretion? How Political Corruption Encourages Discretionary Policy Making. Comparative Political Studies, 48(6), 728.

Logue, N. (2005). Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism? Dealing with Bribery Across Cultures (working paper). http://www.cbfa.org/Logue.pdf

Lohaus, M. (2015). Ahead of the Curve: The OAS as a Pioneer of International Anti-Corruption Efforts. In Governance Transfer by Regional Organizations (pp. 159–176). Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137385642_9

Lohaus, M. (2019). Towards a Global Consensus Against Corruption: International Agreements as Products of Diffusion and Signals of Commitment. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429492235

418 

 

Loli, M. (2018). Self-legitimation patterns in the inequality-corruption nexus. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(2), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9729-8

Lombardi, R., & Trequattrini, R. (2020). Corporate corruption, business strategy, and sustainable environment: Inferno and paradise! Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1619–1620. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2469

Lombardi, R., Trequattrini, R., Cuozzo, B., & Cano-Rubio, M. (2019). Corporate corruption prevention, sustainable governance and legislation: First exploratory evidence from the Italian scenario. Journal of Cleaner Production, 217, 666–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.214

Lomnitz, C. (1995). Ritual, Rumor and Corruption in the Constitution of Polity in Modern Mexico. Journal of Latin American Anthropology, 1(1), 20–47. https://doi.org/10.1525/jlca.1995.1.1.20

Lomnitz, L. A. (1988). Informal Exchange Networks in Formal Systems: A Theoretical Model. American Anthropologist, 90(1), 42.

Lonati, S., & Borlini, L. S. (2020). Corporate compliance and privatization of law enforcement. A study of the Italian legislation in the light of the U.S. experience. Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00021.xml

Long, D., & Rao, S. (1995). The wealth effects of unethical business behavior. Journal of Economics and Finance, 19(2), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02920510

Long, N. V., & Sorger, G. (2006). Insecure property rights and growth: The role of appropriation costs, wealth effects, and heterogeneity. Economic Theory, 28(3), 513–529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-005-0635-4

Lopatta, K., Jaeschke, R., Tchikov, M., & Lodhia, S. (2017). Corruption, Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Constraints: International Firm‐level Evidence. European Management Review, 14(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12098

Lopatta, K., Jaeschke, R., & Yi, C. (2014). The Strategic use of Language in Corrupt Firms’ Financial Disclosures [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2512323

Lopez, A., Rodriguez, M., & Valentini, M. (2017). How Does Political Finance Regulation Influence Control of Corruption? Improving Governance in Latin America. http://www.againstcorruption.eu/publications/how-does-political-finance-regulation-influence-control-of-corruption-improving-governance-in-latin-america/

López and, R., & Mitra, S. (2000). Corruption, Pollution, and the Kuznets Environment Curve.

419 

 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 40(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1999.1107

López, J. P., & Santos, J. S. (2014). Does Corruption Have Social Roots? The Role of Culture and Social Capital. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 697–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1789-9

Lopez, L. (2015). Corruption and International Aid Allocation: A Complex Dance. Journal of Economic Development, 40(1), 35–61.

López López, W., Bocarejo, M. A. R., Peralta, D. R., Pineda Marín, C., & Mullet, E. (2017). Mapping Colombian Citizens’ Views Regarding Ordinary Corruption: Threat, Bribery, and the Illicit Sharing of Confidential Information. Social Indicators Research, 133(1), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1366-6

Lopez, S. (2017). Is Transparency an Effective Way of Reducing Corruption? Evidence Around the World. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(2), 186–191.

López-Cálix, J. R., SELIGSON, M. A., & ALCÁZAR, L. (2009). Local Accountability and the Peruvian Vaso de Leche Program. In C. H. BLAKE & S. D. MORRIS (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (pp. 111–130). University of Pittsburgh Press; JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh6n2.9

López-Iturriaga, F., & Sanz, I. (2018). Predicting Public Corruption with Neural Networks: An Analysis of Spanish Provinces. Social Indicators Research, 140(3), 975–998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1802-2

Lord, N. (2013). Regulating transnational corporate bribery: Anti-bribery and corruption in the UK and Germany. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(2), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9445-y

Lord, N. (2016). Establishing enforcement legitimacy in the pursuit of rule-breaking ‘global elites’: The case of transnational corporate bribery. Theoretical Criminology, 20(3), 376–399. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480615605560

Lord, N., Doig, A., Levi, M., van Wingerde, K., & Benson, K. (2020). Implementing a divergent response? The UK approach to bribery in international and domestic contexts. Public Money & Management: Theme: Fraud and Financial Crime in the Public Sector, 40(5), 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1714212

Lord, Nicholas J. (2014). Responding to transnational corporate bribery using international frameworks for enforcement: Anti-bribery and corruption in the UK and Germany. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 14(1), 100–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895812474662

420 

 

Lord, Nicholas James. (2015). Detecting and investigating transnational corporate bribery in centralised and decentralised enforcement systems: Discretion and (de-)prioritisation in the UK and Germany. Policing & Society, 25(6), 579–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2014.895350

Lorente-Bayona, L., & Gras-Gil, E. (2018). Social and Political Factors Affect the Index of Public Management Efficiency: A Cross-Country Panel Data Study. Social Indicators Research, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-2043-8

Lori Ann Wanlin. (2006). The Gap Between Promise and Practice in the Global Fight Against Corruption. Asper Review of International Business & Trade Law, 6, 209–419.

Lorraine Eden & Stewart R Miller. (2004). Distance matters: Liability of foreignness, institutional distance and ownership strategy. In Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance (Vol. 16, pp. 187–221). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S0747-7929%2804%2916010-1

Losco, M. A. (2014). Streamlining the corruption defense: A proposed framework for FCPA-ICSID interaction.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes). Duke Law Journal, 63(5), 1201.

Lourenço, I. C., Rathke, A., Santana, V., & Branco, M. C. (2018). Corruption and earnings management in developed and emerging countries. Corporate Governance, 18(1), 35–51.

Lovei, L., & McKechnie, A. (2000). The Costs of Corruption for the Poor – The Energy Sector (World Bank, Public Policy for the Private Sector Note 207). http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTFINANCIALSECTOR/Resources/282884-1303327122200/207lovei.pdf

Lovell, D. (2005). Corruption as a Transitional Phenomenon: Understanding Endemic Corruption in Postcommunist States. In Corruption: Anthropological perspectives. Pluto.

Low, L. A. (1998). Transnational Corruption: New Rules for Old Temptations, New Players to Combat a Perennial Evil. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 92, 151–156.

Low, L. A. 1., Lamoree, S. R. 2., & London, J. (2015). The “Demand Side” of Transnational Bribery and Corruption: Why Leveling the Playing Field on the Supply Side Isn’t enough. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 563–599.

Low, L. A., Bjorklund, A. K., & Atkinson, K. C. (1998). The Inter-American Convention Against Corruption: A comparison with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.(Perspectives on Latin America). Virginia Journal of International Law, 38(3), 243–292.

421 

 

Low, L. A., & Davis, J. (n.d.). Coping with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A Primer for Energy and Natural Resource Sector. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 16, 268-eoa.

Low, L. A., & Prelogar, B. (2020). Incentives for self-reporting and cooperation. Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00017.xml

Low, L. A., Sprange, T. K., & Barutciski, M. (2010). Global anti-corruption standard and enforcement: Implications for energy companies †. Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 3(2), 166–213. https://doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwq004

Lowen, A., & Samuel, A. (2011). Bribery and Endogenous Monitoring Effort: An Experimental Study. Eastern Economic Journal, 38(3), 356. https://doi.org/10.1057/eej.2011.18

Löwenheim, O. (2008). Examining the State: A Foucauldian perspective on international ‘governance indicators.’ Third World Quarterly, 29(2), 255–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590701806814

Lowenstein, D. H. (1985). Political bribery and the intermediate theory of politics. UCLA Law Review, 32(4), 784–851.

Lu, H. S., Ho, B. X., & Miranda, J. J. (2019). Corruption in Health Systems: The Conversation Has Started, Now Time to Continue it Comment on “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems.” International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 9(3), 128–132. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.104

Lu, J., Shi, T., & Zhu, J. (2013). When grapevine news meets mass media: Different information sources and popular perceptions of government corruption in Mainland China. 46(8), 920–946.

Lu, T. (2013). The “obtaining or retaining business” requirement: Breathing new life into the business nexus provision of the FCPA.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977). Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 18(3), 729–750.

Lu, X. (1999). From rank-seeking to rent-seeking: Changing administrative ethos and corruption in reform China. Crime, Law and Social Change, 32(4), 347–370. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008380220903

Lu, X. (2000). Booty Socialism, Bureau-Preneurs, and the State in Transition: Organizational Corruption in China. Comparative Politics, 32(3), 273–294. https://doi.org/10.2307/422367

Lubin, N. (2003). Who’s Watching the Watchdogs? Journal of International Affairs, 56(2), 43–56.

422 

 

Lucas, A. (2016). Elite Capture and Corruption in two Villages in Bengkulu Province, Sumatra. Human Ecology, 44(3), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-016-9837-6

Lucas, V., & Gutmann, J. (2016). Unbundling Private- and Public-Sector Corruption: Insights Based on Two New Indicators (working paper [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2544679

Lučić, D., Radišić, M., & Dobromirov, D. (2016). Causality between corruption and the level of GDP. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 29(1), 360–379.

Ludwin-Peery, E., & Tingley, D. (2014). Ethical Situations and Their Effects on Judgments of Punishment. Ethics & Behavior, 24(3), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2013.845534

Lui, F. (1986). A Dynamic Model of Corruption Deterrence. 31(2), 215–236.

Lui, F. (1996). Three aspects of corruption. 14(3), 26–29.

Lui, F. T. (1985). An Equilibrium Queuing Model of Bribery. 93(4), 760–781.

Luiz, J., & Stewart, C. (2014). Corruption, South African Multinational Enterprises and Institutions in Africa. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(3), 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1878-9

Lukito, A. (2019). Strengthening the role of lawyers and other professional advisers in addressing economic and financial crimes in Indonesia. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(4), 1107–1116. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2016-0072

Lukito, A. S. (2015). Fostering and enhancing the role of private sector. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(4), 476–491.

Luna-Pla, I., & Nicolás-Carlock, J. R. (2020). Corruption and complexity: A scientific framework for the analysis of corruption networks. Applied Network Science, 5(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-020-00258-2

Luo, J., Li, X., & Chan, K. C. (2020). Political uncertainty and labour investment efficiency. Applied Economics, 52(43), 4677–4697. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1739615

Luo, Y. (2002). Corruption and Organization in Asian Management Systems. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(2), 405–422. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016252021370

Luo, Y. (2005). An Organizational Perspective of Corruption. Management and Organization Review, 1(1), 119–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2004.00006.x

Luo, Y. (2006). Political behavior, social responsibility, and perceived corruption: A structuration perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 747. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400224

423 

 

Luo, Y. (2008). The changing Chinese culture and business behavior: The perspective of intertwinement between guanxi and corruption. International Business Review, 17(2), 188–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.02.002

Luo, Y. (2011). Strategic Responses to Perceived Corruption in an Emerging Market: Lessons From MNEs Investing in China. Business & Society, 50(2), 350–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650307313362

Luo, Y., & Han, B. (2009). Graft and business in emerging economies: An ecological perspective. Journal of World Business, 44(3), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.08.006

Luo, Y., Huang, Y., & Wang, S. L. (2012). Guanxi and Organizational Performance: A Meta‐Analysis. Management and Organization Review, 8(1), 139–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2011.00273.x

Luong, P. J. (2010). Oil is not a curse: Ownership structure and institutions in Soviet successor states. Cambridge University Press.

Luong, P. J., & Weinthal, E. (2006). Rethinking The Resource Curse: Ownership Structure, Institutional Capacity, And Domestic Constraints. Annual Review of Political Science, 9(1), 241–263. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.9.062404.170436

Lupsha, P. (1991). Drug lords and narco-corruption: The players change but the game continues. Crime, Law and Social Change, 16(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00389737

Luz, R., & Spagnolo, G. (2016). Leniency, Collusion, Corruption, and Whistleblowing. Working paper. http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=815017127117092118002112089105071023063027086039084088067084005023007120112070071104099039034045048124109002101028068088121075005070053014040090118029021010015125028069045045005088113015002025103001003085023089123101113102123119110080081119111126095086&EXT=pdf

Lv, Z. (2017). Intelligence and corruption: An empirical investigation in a non-linear framework. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 69, 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2017.06.003

Lyall, A. (2018). A moral economy of oil: Corruption narratives and oil elites in Ecuador. Culture, Theory and Critique, 59(4), 380–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2018.1507752

Lyster, R. (2011). REDD+, transparency, participation and resource rights: The role of law. Environmental Science & Policy, 14(2), 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2010.11.008

424 

 

M. A. Anishchenko. (2018). Legal problems of the corruption prevention in state and municipal health care institutions. Aktualʹnì Pitannâ Farmacevtičnoï ì Medičnoï Nauki Ta Praktiki, 3, 354–362. https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2018.3.145270

Ma, S. (2009). “‘Policing the Police’: A Perennial Challenge for China’s Anticorruption Agencies.” In Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge.

Maass, A. (1987). U.S. Prosecution of State and Local Officials for Political Corruption: Is the Bureaucracy out of Control in a High-Stakes Operation Involving the Constitutional System? Publius, 17(3), 195–230.

Macaulay, M., & Mulcahy, S. (2017). Exploring the impact of National Integrity System assessments: Experience from the UK and New Zealand. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(3), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9708-0

Macchiavello, R. (2008). Public sector motivation and development failures. Journal of Development Economics, 86(1), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.06.003

MacDonald, R., & Majeed, M. T. (2011). Causes of corruption in European countries: History, law, and political stability. In Working Papers (2011_24; Working Papers). Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow. https://ideas.repec.org/p/gla/glaewp/2011_24.html

Machoski, E., & de Araujo, J. M. (2020). Corruption in public health and its effects on the economic growth of Brazilian municipalities. The European Journal of Health Economics : HEPAC : Health Economics in Prevention and Care. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01162-3

Maciel, G., & de Sousa, L. (2018). Legal Corruption and Dissatisfaction with Democracy in the European Union. Social Indicators Research, 140(2), 653–674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1779-x

Mackenzie, G. C. (2002). Scandal proof: Do ethics laws make government ethical? Brookings Institution Press.

Mackey, T. K., & Cuomo, R. E. (2020). An interdisciplinary review of digital technologies to facilitate anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in medicines procurement. Global Health Action, 13(sup1), 1695241. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1695241

Mackey, T. K., Kohler, J. C., Savedoff, W. D., Vogl, F., Lewis, M., Sale, J., Michaud, J., & Vian, T. (2016). The disease of corruption: Views on how to fight corruption to advance 21st century global health goals. BMC Medicine, 14, 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0696-1

425 

 

Mackey, T. K., Kohler, J., Lewis, M., & Vian, T. (2017). Combating corruption in global health. Science Translational Medicine, 9(402). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9547

Mackey, T., Vian, T., & Kohler, J. (2018). The sustainable development goals as a framework to combat health-sector corruption. World Health Organization. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 96(9), 634–643. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLr.18.209502

Mackle, L. (2019). Property Rights in Post-Soviet Russia. Violence, Corruption, and the Demand for Law. Europe - Asia Studies, 71(8), 1431–1432. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2019.1664153

Maclean, T. L. (2010). The dangers of decoupling: The relationship between compliance programs, legitimacy perceptions, and institutionalized misconduct. Academy of Management Journal, 53(6), 1499–1520.

Maclean, T., Litzky, B. E., & Holderness, D. K. (2015). When Organizations Don’t Walk Their Talk: A Cross-Level Examination of How Decoupling Formal Ethics Programs Affects Organizational Members. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(2), 351–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2103-1

MacMillan, J. (2011). Reformasi and public corruption: Why Indonesia’s anti-corruption agency strategy should be reformed to effectively combat public corruption. Emory International Law Review, 25(1), 587–630.

MacMullen, R. (1988). Corruption and the Decline of Rome. Yale University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=J1pjwcqMhJ8C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=MacMullen,+Ramsay.+1988.+Corruption+and+the+Decline+of+Rome+&ots=YhmvaQ1Dhu&sig=r1l4ScFg1ygv6PqDgjiCPyQOSgM

MacNaughton, A., & Want, K. B. (2007). Corruption Judgments in Pre-War Japan: Locating the Influence of Tradition, Morality, and Trust on Criminal Justice. In Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective. Ashgate.

Macrae, J. (1982). Underdevelopment and the economics of corruption: A game theory approach. World Development, 10(8), 677–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(82)90093-6

Madanipour, A., & Thompson, M. F. (2020). Is globalization linked to low corruption in OECD countries? Crime, Law, and Social Change, 73(4), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09874-1

Madhushani, A. (2019). Challenges in Integrity of Sport: Current Practices and Preventive Approaches of Sport Corruption in Sri Lanka. Physical Culture and Sport, 84(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2019-0023

426 

 

Madlanga, M. R. (2019). Procurement, Corruption and Their Relevance to, and Impact on, Human Rights. Public Contract Law Journal, 48(2), 259–277.

Madril, O. (2018). The President’s Power and Anti-Corruption Policy: What Can Be Learned from New Order Experience. Hasanuddin Law Review, 3(3), 307–321. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i3.1318

Maeda, K., & Ziegfeld, A. (2015). Socioeconomic status and corruption perceptions around the world. 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168015580838

Maesschalck, J., & Van de Walle, S. (2006). Policy failure and corruption in Belgium: Is federalism to blame? West European Politics, 29(5), 999–1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380600968877

Mæstad, O., & Mwisongo, A. (2011). Informal payments and the quality of health care: Mechanisms revealed by Tanzanian health workers. Health Policy, 99(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.07.011

Magaloni, B., Matanock, A., Romero, V., & Diaz-Cayeros, A. (n.d.). Living in Fear: The Dynamics of Extortion in Mexico’s Criminal Insurgency (working paper) [Working Paper]. http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=415125083116092074098115070089122090062011004041000078023070090092073087119122078112010023006041112006048088000104093097093003055039032009067096067029089124105028025085082006095127097080081025015088080006085094073091084086118088119067125106099100116&EXT=pdf

Magbadelo, J. (2017). Moral Economies of Corruption: State Formation and Political Culture in Nigeria. African Studies Quarterly, 17(1), 144–146.

Magdalena Calderón & Rafael Araya. (2019). The Codes of Ethics in the Public Sector and the Incorporation of Values that Promote Open Government. JeDEM - EJournal of EDemocracy & Open Government, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v11i2.557

Magnus, J., Polterovich, V., Danilov, D., & Savvateev, A. (2002). Tolerance of Cheating: An Analysis Across Countries. The Journal of Economic Education, 33(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220480209596462

Magrath, W. (2011). Corruption and Crime in Forestry. In Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR05220150821

Magtulis, P. P., & Poquiz, J. L. (2017). Big Government, Big Corruption? Examining the Relationship between Government Size and Public Corruption in the Philippines. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(11), 954–967.

427 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2016.1229676

Mahagaonkar, P. (2008). Corruption and Innovation: A Grease or Sand relationship? [Jena Economic Research Papers, No. 2008,017]. Jena Economic Research Papers, No. 2008,017.

Mahdavi, P. (2014). Extortion in the Oil States: Nationalization, Regulatory Structure, and Corruption. Working paper [Working Paper]. http://paasha.bol.ucla.edu/chapter4_NOCcorruption.pdf

Mahdavi, P. (2019). Institutions and the “Resource Curse”: Evidence From Cases of Oil-Related Bribery. Comparative Political Studies, 53(1), 001041401983072–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019830727

Mahlangu, V. P. (2019). Education Capture: The Interference of Teacher Unions in the Schooling System in South Africa. BCES Conference Books, 17, 111–116.

Mahmood, R. (2004). Can Information and Communication Technology Help Reduce Corruption? How So and Why Not: Two Case Studies from South Asia. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 3(3), 347–373. https://doi.org/10.1163/1569150042442539

Mahmood, S. A. I. (2010). Public procurement and corruption in Bangladesh confronting the challenges and opportunities. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 2(6), 103–111.

Mahmood, S. A. I. (2013). Public procurement system and e-Government implementation in Bangladesh: The role of public administration. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 5(5), 117–123. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.5897/JPAPR11.070

Mahr, E. (2018). Local contestation against the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. Contemporary Security Policy, 39(1), 72–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2017.1407060

Maingot, A. P. (1994). Confronting corruption in the hemisphere: A sociological perspective. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 36(3), 49.

Maisondra Maisondra. (2020). The Effective Management of Corruption Treatment in Indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(8), 690–696. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i8.2022

Maitland, E. (2002). Corruption and the outsider: Multinational enterprises in the transitional economy of Vietnam. In Corruption in Asia: Rethinking the Governance Paradigm. Federation Press.

428 

 

Maiyaki, A. A. (2010). The Effects of Corruption on the Nigerian Economy. IBA Business Review, 5(2), 111–126.

Majbouri, M. (2016). Oil and entrepreneurship. Energy Policy, 94(Journal Article), 10.

Majeed, Muhammad Tariq. (2014). Corruption and Trade. Journal of Economic Integration, 29(4), 759–782. https://doi.org/10.11130/jei.2014.29.4.759

Majeed, Muhammad Tariq. (2016). Migrant Remittances and Corruption: An Empirical Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, 26(1), 15–41.

Majeed, Muhammad Tariq, & MacDonald, R. (2010). Corruption and the military in politics: Theory and evidence from around the world. In Working Papers (2010_34; Working Papers). Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow. https://ideas.repec.org/p/gla/glaewp/2010_34.html

Majeed, Muhammad Tariq, & MacDonald, R. (2011). Corruption and Financial Intermediation in a Panel of Regions: Cross-Border Effects of Corruption (SIRE Discussion Paper No. 2011–67). Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE). https://ideas.repec.org/p/edn/sirdps/341.html

Majeed, Muhammed Tariq. (2012). Trade, Economic Freedom and Corruption: Cross-Country Evidence. Working paper. [Working Paper]. http://www.busman.qmul.ac.uk/newsandevents/EventDocuments/48717.pdf

Majtan, R. (2013). The self-cleaning dilemma: Reconciling competing objectives of procurement processes.(Suspension & Debarment). The George Washington International Law Review, 45(2), 291–347.

Majumdar, M., & Yoo, S. (2012). Strategic analysis of influence peddling. International Journal of Game Theory, 41(4), 737–762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00182-012-0340-z

Makinwa, A. (2007). The Rules Regulating Transnational Bribery: Achieving a Common Standard? International Business Law Journal, 1, 17–40.

Makinwa, A. (2009). International Corruption and the Privatisation of Security: Resorting to Private Remedies. In Controlling security in a culture of fear (pp. 99-eoa). Boom Legal Publishers.

Makinwa, A. (2013). Private remedies for corruption: Towards an international framework. Eleven International Publishing, 2013.

Makinwa, A. (2015). Negotiated settlements for corruption offences: A European perspective. Eleven International Publishing.

Makinwa, A. O. (2009). Civil Remedies for International Corruption: The Role of International

429 

 

Arbitration. In The Civil Law Consequences of Corruption (pp. 257–280). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG.

Makinwa, A. O., & Kramer, X. E. (2015). Contracts Tainted by Corruption: Does Dutch Civil Law Augment the Criminalization of Corruption? In The Impact of Corruption on International Commercial Contracts (pp. 205–228). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19054-9_10

Makinwa, Abiola. (2008). Motivating Civil Remedies for International Corruption: Nigeria as an Illustrative Case Study. CALS Review of Nigerian Law & Practice, 2(2), 97–129.

Makinwa, Abiola. (2009a). Researching civil remedies for international corruption: The choice of the functional comparative method. Erasmus Law Review, 2(3).

Makinwa, Abiola. (2009b). The Role of International Arbitration in the Fight against Corruption. In The civil law consequences of corruption (1. Aufl., pp. 257–280). Nomos.

Makinwa, Abiola. (2010). A Transaction Approach to Fighting Corruption. In Governing security under the rule of law? (pp. 175–194). Eleven International Pub.

Makinwa, Abiola. (2013a). Defining a Private Law Approach to Fighting Corruption. In Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 267–284). Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Makinwa, Abiola. (2013b). Good Governance: Negotiated settlemens for FCPA violations as a model. ART (Applied Research Today), 2013(3 (april)), 109–121.

Makinwa, Abiola. (2016). Corruption and Security: The Role of Negotiated Settlements. In Governance and Security Issues of the European Union (pp. 249–270). T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-144-9_14

Makinwa, Abiola. (2020). Public/private co-operation in anti-bribery enforcement: Non-trial resolutions as a solution? Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00011.xml

Makowski, G. (2012). Diffusion of Corruption in Poland. In The social construction of corruption in Europe (pp. 165–194). Ashgate Pub.

Makuta, I., & O’Hare, B. (2015). Quality of governance, public spending on health and health status in Sub Saharan Africa: A panel data regression analysis. Bmc Public Health; BMC Public Health, 15(Journal Article). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2287-z

Mălăescu, A. (2018). The Role of the Accountancy Profession in Tackling Corruption in Romania. Revista de Stiinte Politice, 57, 107–117.

Malaj, V., & de Rubertis, S. (2017). Determinants of migration and the gravity model of

430 

 

migration—Application on Western Balkan emigration flows. Migration Letters, 14(2), 204–220.

Malec, K., & Gardiner, J. (1987). Measurement Issues in the Study of Official Corruption: A Chicago Example. Corruption and Reform, 2, 267–278.

Malena, C., Forster, R., & Singh, J. (2004). Social Accountability: An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice (World Bank Social Development Paper No. 76). World Bank Social Development Paper. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/327691468779445304/pdf/310420PAPER0So1ity0SDP0Civic0no1076.pdf

Malesky, E. J., Gueorguiev, D. D., & Jensen, N. M. (2015). Monopoly Money: Foreign Investment and Bribery in Vietnam, a Survey Experiment. American Journal of Political Science, 59(2), 419–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12126

Malesky, E. J., Nguyen, C. V., & Tran, A. (2014). The Impact of Recentralization on Public Services: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Abolition of Elected Councils in Vietnam. 108(1), 144–168. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055413000580

Malesky, E. J., Nguyen, T. V., Bach, T. N., & Ho, B. D. (2020). The effect of market competition on bribery in emerging economies: An empirical analysis of Vietnamese firms. World Development, 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104957

Malesky, E., & Samphantharak, K. (2008). Predictable Corruption and Firm Investment: Evidence from a Natural Experiment and Survey of Cambodian Entrepreneurs. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 3(3), 227–267.

Malesky, E., Schuler, P., & Tran, A. (2012). The Adverse Effects of Sunshine: A Field Experiment on Legislative Transparency in an Authoritarian Assembly. 106(4), 762–786. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000408

Malhotra, S., Zhu, P., & Locander, W. (2010). Impact of host-country corruption on U.S. and Chinese cross-border acquisitions. Thunderbird International Business Review, 52(6), 491–507. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20375

Malik, A. S. (1990). Avoidance, screening and optimum enforcement. The Rand Journal of Economics, 21(3), 341–353.

Malik, R. (2020). Transparency, Elections, and Pakistani Politicians’ Tax Compliance. Comparative Political Studies, 53(7), 1060–1091. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019879964

Malinowska, A. P. (2019). Corruption versus societal trust—New evidence from Poland’s limited liability companies. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 30(4), 85–98.

431 

 

https://doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.22405

Maljević, A., Budimlić, M., Datzer, D., & Muratbegović, E. (2008). Professional Police in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Case Study – Police Corruption. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 16(2), 209–224. https://doi.org/10.1163/157181708X308452

Mallik, G., & Saha, S. (2016). Corruption and growth: A complex relationship. International Journal of Development Issues, 15(2), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-01-2016-0001

Man, W. Y. N., Worth, H., Kelly, A., Wilson, D. P., & Siba, P. (2014). Is endemic political corruption hampering provision of ART and PMTCT in developing countries? 17(1). https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.17.1.18568

Manacorda, S., & Grasso, C. (2018). Fighting Fraud and Corruption at the World Bank: A Critical Analysis of the Sanctions System. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73824-6

Manandhar, N. (2015). Anti-Corruption Lessons from Nepal. In Government Anti-Corruption Strategies (Vol. 1–0, pp. 77–102). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18560-6

Mancini, P., Mazzoni, M., Cornia, A., & Marchetti, R. (2017). Representations of Corruption in the British, French, and Italian Press. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 22(1), 67–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161216674652

Mandal, B. (2014). Traded Goods, Tax and Intermediation-the Role of Corrupt Nontraded Sector [Working Paper].

Mandal, B., & Marjit, S. (2010). Corruption and wage inequality? International Review of Economics and Finance, 19(1), 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2009.01.001

Mandel, D. (2020). Corruption in Russian higher education. Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, 28(1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2020.1812935

Manea, T. (2015). Medical bribery and the ethics of trust: The romanian case. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 40(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhu049

Mangafić, J., & Veselinović, L. (2020). The determinants of corruption at the individual level: Evidence from Bosnia-Herzegovina. Ekonomska Istraživanja, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1723426

Manion, M. (1996). Corruption by Design: Bribery in Chinese Enterprise Licensing. 12(1), 167–195.

Manion, M. (1998). Correction to “Corruption by Design.” 14(1), 180–182.

432 

 

Manion, M. (2004). Corruption by design: Building clean government in mainland China and Hong Kong. Harvard University Press.

Manion, M. (2014). What Is Corrupt? A Model of Unacceptable International Business Practices in China [Working Paper].

Manion, M. (2015). Institutional Design and Anti-Corruption in Mainland China. In Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 242–252). Routledge.

Manirabona, A., & Diniz, E. (2016). Towards Efficiency in Attributing Criminal Liability to Corporations: Canadian and Brazilian Regimes Compared. Criminal Law Forum, 27(3), 331–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10609-016-9285-4

Mann, H., Garcia-Rada, X., Hornuf, L., Tafurt, J., & Ariely, D. (2016). Cut From the Same Cloth: Similarly Dishonest Individuals Across Countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(6), 858.

Manna, R., & Palumbo, R. (2019). How to fight public corruption? Capturing evidence from a fixed effects model for Western European countries. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 22(4), 313–330. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-11-2018-0123

Manning, P. K. (2009). Bad cops. Criminology & Public Policy, 8(4), 787–794. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00594.x

Manning, T. J. (2015). Private equity and the FCPA: deal-making as reform mechanism.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977). Pepperdine Law Review, 42(2), 377–391.

Mano, L. (2020). Understanding the Spirit of the Constitution on Corruption: Emoluments, Impeachment, and the Primacy of Political Virtue. The William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal, 28(3), 767–801.

Manoli, A. E., Bandura, C., & Downward, P. (2020). Perceptions of integrity in sport: Insights into people’s relationship with sport. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 12(2), 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2020.1747101

Manow, P. (2003). Low-Trust and High-Trust Equilibria in Politics: Party Patronage and Political Corruption as Coordination Games. In Jahrbuch für Handlungs- und Entscheidungstheorie (pp. 7–30). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97555-3_2

Mansour, S., Sadiraj, V., & Wallace, S. (n.d.). Political Institutions and Corruption: An Experimental Examination of the Right to Recall. Working paper. http://excen.gsu.edu/workingpapers/GSU_EXCEN_WP_2014-05.pdf

Mantzaris, E., Tsekeris, C., & Tsekeris, T. (2016). Interrogating Corruption: Lessons From South

433 

 

Africa. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 7(1), 1.

Manz, C. C., Anand, V., Joshi, M., & Manz, K. P. (2008). Emerging paradoxes in executive leadership: A theoretical interpretation of the tensions between corruption and virtuous values. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 385–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.03.009

Manzetti, L. (2014). Accountability and Corruption in Argentina During the Kirchners’ Era. Latin American Research Review, 49(2), 173–195. https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2014.0030

Manzetti, L., & Blake, C. (1996). Market reforms and corruption in Latin America: New means for old ways. Review of International Political Economy, 3(4), 662–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692299608434376

Manzetti, L., & Wilson, C. J. (2006). Corruption, Economic Satisfaction, and Confidence in Government: Evidence from Argentina. Latin Americanist, 49(2), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-203X.2006.tb00078.x

Manzetti, L., & Wilson, C. J. (2007). Why do corrupt governments maintain public support? Comparative Political Studies, 40(8), 949.

Mao, Y., Wong, C.-S., & Peng, K. (2013). Breaking institutionalized corruption: Is the experience of the Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption generalizable? Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(4), 1115–1124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-013-9351-y

Maor, M. (2004). Feeling the Heat? Anticorruption Mechanisms in Comparative Perspective. Governance, 17(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0952-1895.2004.00235.x

Marat, E. (2015). Global money laundering and its domestic political consequences in Kyrgyzstan. Central Asian Survey, 34(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2015.1010854

Marberg, S. (2012). Promises of leniency: Whether companies should self-disclose violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 45(2), 557.

Marceau, J. F. (2006). A little less conversation, a little more action: Evaluating and forecasting the trend of more frequent and severe prosecutions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 12(2), 285–310.

Marcelo, S. (2007). Combating Corruption in the Philippines. In Controlling Corruption in Asia and the Pacific (pp. 37–43). Asian Development Bank. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.OECD_batch:9789264041363en

Marché, G. E. (2009). Integrity, culture, and scale: An empirical test of the big bad police agency. Crime, Law and Social Change, 51(5), 463–486.

434 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-008-9184-7

Marcouiller, D., & Young, L. (1995). The Black Hole of Graft: The Predatory State and the Informal Economy. The American Economic Review, 85(3), 630–646.

Marengo, F. D. (1986). The Link Between Political Corruption and Political Scandal. Corruption & Reform, 3, 65–79.

Mares, I., & Young, L. (2016). Buying, Expropriating, and Stealing Votes. Annual Review of Political Science, 19(1), 267–288. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-060514-120923

Maria Gordeychuk. (2019). Shadow Economy: Positive and Negative Effects. Traektoriâ Nauki, 5(3), 2001–2007. https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.44-3

Mariani, P. (n.d.). How Damages Recovery Actions Can Improve the Fight Against Corruption: The Crisis of Criminal Law Policies and the Role of Private Enforcement in an Italian Case of Judicial Corruption (Bocconi University Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2007241). http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=687101067008103017025029004077084090096055058047023043031088007109087107029088031121061053000000033097052116078126031019097066009094010045014116119004126123074025095087041001104030021121084121088085106122082031105105004001105122064065011126103092124&EXT=pdf

Marien, S., & Werner, H. (2019). Fair treatment, fair play? The relationship between fair treatment perceptions, political trust and compliant and cooperative attitudes cross‐nationally. European Journal of Political Research, 58(1), 72–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12271

Marinescu, C., & Jora, O.-D. (2013). Assessment on the “institutional economics” of corruption. Business and development in Romania, between formal and informal practices. Amfiteatru Economic, 15, 603–616.

Maringira, G. (2017). Military corruption in war: Stealing and connivance among Zimbabwean foot soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1998-2002). Review of African Political Economy, 44(154), 611–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2017.1406844

Marique, Y. (2014). Integrity in English and French Public Contracts: Changing Administrative Cultures? In Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 85–112). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507

Marjit, S, Seidel, A., & Thum, M. (2017). Tax Evasion, Corruption and Tax Loopholes. German Economic Review, 18(3), 283–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/geer.12107

435 

 

Marjit, Sugata, Mandal, B., & Roy, S. (2014). Trade Openness, Corruption and Factor Abundance: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel. Review of Development Economics, 18(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12068

Marjit, Sugata, Mukherjee, V., & Mukherjee, A. (2000). Harassment, corruption and tax policy. European Journal of Political Economy, 16(1), 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(99)00048-8

Marjit, Sugata, Mukherjee, V., & Mukherjee, A. (2003). Harassment, corruption and tax policy: Reply. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(4), 899–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(03)00047-8

Marjit, Sugata, & Shi, H. (1998). On controlling crime with corrupt officials. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 34(1), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(97)00040-1

Mark, G. (2012). Private FCPA Enforcement. American Business Law Journal, 49(3), 419–506. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2012.01137.x

Markovic Khaze, N. (2020). Corruption and Democratic Transition in Eastern Europe. The Role of Political Scandals in Post-Milosevic Serbia. Europe - Asia Studies, 72(1), 142–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2019.1700704

Markovska, A., & Adams, N. (2015). Political corruption and money laundering: Lessons from Nigeria. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 18(2), n/a.

Markovska, A., Serdyuk, A., & Sokurenko, V. (2019). Corruption, Policing and Migration: Exploring the Interaction Between Migrant Workers and Police in Russia, Ukraine and the UK. International Migration, 57(1), 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12475

Markussen, T., & Tyran, J.-R. (2017). Choosing a public-spirited leader: An experimental investigation of political selection. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 144, 204–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.09.006

Marong, A. B. M. (2002). Toward a normative consensus against corruption: Legal effects of the principles to combat corruption in Africa. The Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 30(2), 99–130.

Maroun, W., Ram, A. J., & Kok, M. (2019). A review of mining taxes in Africa: Tax burden, the strength of democratic systems and levels of corruption. South African Journal of Business Management, 50(1), e1–e15. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v50i1.941

Marquette, H., & Doig, A. (2004). Drilling down to the detail: A case study into anti-corruption project records and record-keeping. Crime, Law and Social Change, 41(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000015322.44525.86

436 

 

Marquette, Heather. (2001). Corruption, democracy and the World Bank. Crime, Law and Social Change, 36(4), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012045700314

Marquette, Heather. (2004). The Creeping Politicisation of the World Bank: The Case of Corruption. Political Studies, 52(3), 413–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2004.00488.x

Marquette, Heather. (2007). Civic education for combating corruption: Lessons from Hong Kong and the US for donor‐funded programmes in poor countries. Public Administration and Development, 27(3), 239–249. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.461

Marquette, Heather. (2011). Donors, State Building and Corruption: Lessons from Afghanistan and the implications for aid policy. Third World Quarterly, 32(10), 1871–1890. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2011.610587

Marquette, Heather. (2012). “Finding God” or “Moral Disengagement” in the Fight Against Corruption in Developing Countries? Evidence from India and Nigeria. Public Administration and Development, 32(1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1605

Marquette, Heather. (2013). Corruption, Religion and Moral Development in Developing Countries. In Handbook of research on development and religion. Edward Elgar, 2013.

Marquette, Heather. (2015). Religion, Ethics and Corruption: Field Evidence from India and Nigeria. In Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 315–327). Routledge.

Marquette, Heather, Pavarala, V., & Malik, K. K. (2014). Religion and attitudes towards corruption in India: A collective action problem? Development in Practice, 24(7), 854–866. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2014.942215

Marquette, Heather, & Peiffer, C. (2015). Corruption and Collective Action: Shifting the Equilibrium? (Birmingham Developmental Leadership Program Research Paper 32). http://publications.dlprog.org/CorruptionandCollectiveAction.pdf

Marquette, Heather, & Peiffer, C. (2018). Grappling with the “real politics” of systemic corruption: Theoretical debates versus “real-world” functions. Governance, 31(3), 499–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12311

Marquette, Heather, & Peiffer, C. (2019). Thinking politically about corruption as problem‐solving: A reply to Persson, Rothstein, and Teorell. Governance, 32(4), 811–820. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12444

Márquez, M., Salinas‐Jiménez, J., & Salinas‐Jiménez, M. D. M. (2011). Exploring differences in corruption: The role of neighboring countries. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 14(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2011.534287

Marshall, A. (n.d.). What’s Yours Is Mine: New Actors and New Approaches to Asset Recovery

437 

 

in Global Corruption Cases (Center for Global Development Policy Paper 018). http://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/whats-yours-is-mine_0.pdf

Martha Garcia-Murillo. (2010). The effect of internet access on government corruption. Electronic Government, an Int. J., 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2010.029889

Martí, C., & Kasperskaya, Y. (2015). Public Financial Management Systems and Countries’ Governance: A Cross-Country Study. Public Administration & Development, 35(3), 165.

Martimort, D., & Straub, S. (2009). Infrastructure Privatization and Changes in Corruption Patterns: The Roots of Public Discontent. Journal of Development Economics, 90(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.08.002

Martin, A. T. (1998). Corruption and Improper Payments: Global Trends and Applicable Laws. Alberta Law Review, 36, 416–1039.

Martin, A. T. (1999). The Development of International Bribery Law. Natural Resources & Environment, 14(2), 95–102.

Martin, A. T. (2002). International arbitration and corruption: An evolving standard.(International Energy and Minerals Arbitration). Mineral Law Series: Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation, 2002(2), CH12.

Martin, C. (2018). Maximum scrutiny. Public Finance, 10, 17–17.

Martin, K., Cullen, J., Johnson, J., & Parboteeah, K. (2007). Deciding to bribe: A cross-level analysis of firm and home country influences on bribery activity. Academy Of Management Journal, 50(6), 1401–1422.

Martin, K. D., Johnson, J. L., & Cullen, J. B. (2009). Organizational change, normative control deinstitutionalization, and corruption.(Author abstract)(Report). Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(1), 105.

Martin, M. (2016). External quality assurance in higher education: How can it address corruption and other malpractices? Quality in Higher Education, 22(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2016.1144903

Martin, S. (1989). A Decade Of Branti Decisions: A Government Official’s Guide To Patronage Dismissals. American University Law Review, 39(1), 11–58.

Martinez, C. R. (2020). The Curious Case of Lawrence Hoskins: Evaluating the Scope of Agency Under the Anti-Bribery Provisions of the FCPA.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977). Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, 53(2), 245.

Martinez i Coma, F. (2016). Turnout Determinants in Democracies and in Non-Democracies. Electoral Studies, 41, 50–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.11.002

438 

 

Martinez I Coma, F., & Werner, A. (2018). Compulsory voting and ethnic diversity increase invalid voting while corruption does not: An analysis of 417 parliamentary elections in 73 countries. Democratization, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2018.1524879

Martinez, V. R. (2019). The Outsized Influence of the FCPA? University of Illinois Law Review, 2019(4), 1205–1225.

Martínez, W. C., & Jetter, M. (2016). Isolating causality between gender and corruption: An IV approach (No. 014438; DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO CIEF). UNIVERSIDAD EAFIT. https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000122/014438.html

Martins, L., Cerdeira, J., & Teixeira, A. (2020). Does corruption boost or harm firms’ performance in developing and emerging economies? A firm‐level study. World Economy, 43(8), 2119–2152. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12966

Martins, P. (n.d.). Cronyism (IZA Discussion Paper 5349). http://ftp.iza.org/dp5349.pdf

Maruichi, D., & Abe, M. (2019). Corruption and the business environment in Vietnam: Implications from an empirical study. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 6(2), 222–245. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.275

Marwah, H. (2018). Untangling government, market, and investment failure during the Nigerian oil boom: The Cement Armada scandal 1974–1980. Business History, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2018.1458839

Maryudi, A. (2016). Choosing timber legality verification as a policy instrument to combat illegal logging in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 68, 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.10.010

Mashaba, M. (2005). Organised Crime and Corruption – Fighting the Problem within the NEPAD Framework. African Security Review, 14(4), 109–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627595

Mashali, B. (2012). Analyzing the relationship between perceived grand corruption and petty corruption in developing countries: Case study of Iran. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(4), 775–787. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852312455991

Maskály, J., Kutnjak Ivković, S., Haberfeld, M., Donner, C., Chen, T., & Meyers, M. (2020). Assessing the validity of police integrity scale in a comparative context. Policing & Society, 30(6), 618–638. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2019.1576675

Masron, T. A., & Subramaniam, Y. (2018). The environmental Kuznets curve in the presence of corruption in developing countries. Environmental Science And Pollution Research, 25(13), 12491–12506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1473-9

Masron, Tajul Ariffin, & Nor, E. (2013). FDI in ASEAN-8: Does institutional quality matter?

439 

 

Applied Economics Letters, 20(2), 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2012.687090

Masters, A. (2015). Corruption in sport: From the playing field to the field of policy. Policy and Society, 34(2), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.04.002

Masters, A. B., & Graycar, A. (2016). Making Corruption Disappear in Local Government. Public Integrity, 18(1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2015.1093400

Masters, A., & Graycar, A. (2015). Media reporting of corruption: Policy implications. Crime, Law and Social Change, 64(2–3), 153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-015-9595-1

Mastruzzi, M. (2010). The worldwide governance indicators: Methodology and analytical issues. The World Bank. http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5430

Masud, Md. A. K., Bae, S. M., Manzanares, J., & Kim, J. D. (2019). Board Directors’ Expertise and Corporate Corruption Disclosure: The Moderating Role of Political Connections. Sustainability, 11(16), 4491. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164491

Matei, A., & Matei, L. (2006). Economics of Corruption. The Equilibrium, Political and Social Determinations. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 6. https://doaj.org/article/360ed7f124494b7fa2da0f227c4fc017

Matei, A., & Matei, L. (2008). “Globalisation of Corruption” and Development of the Binom “Corruption – Public Integrity” in the Context of Romania Integration into the European Union. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 02(519)(02(519)), 9–18.

Matei, A., & Matei, L. (2011). Assessing the anti-corruption strategies: Theoretical and empirical models.(Author abstract)(Report). Journal of Management and Strategy, 2(1), 23.

Matei, A., Matei, L., & Savulescu, C. (2010). Public Integrity, Economic Freedom and Governance Performance. A Comparative Study for the EU Member States and Acceding Countries. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 11(552)(11(552)), 21–52.

Matei, L., & Matei, A. (2009). Public Integrity and Performance of Governance. A Comparative Study for South-Eastern Europe. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 7(7), 3–28.

Matheus, R., & Janssen, M. F. W. H. A. (2019). A Systematic Literature Study to Unravel Transparency Enabled by Open Government Data: The Window Theory. Public Performance and Management Review, urn:issn:1530-9576.

Mathis, J. (2016). Protecting the brave: Why Congress should amend the Dodd-Frank Act to better protect FCPA whistleblowers. John Marshall Law Review, 49(3), 856.

Mathur, A., & Singh, K. (2013). Foreign direct investment, corruption and democracy. Applied Economics, 45(8), 991–1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.613786

440 

 

Mathy, P. (2011). Honest services fraud after Skilling. St. Mary’s Law Journal, 42(3), 645–724.

Matsushima, M., & Yamada, H. (2016). Impacts of Bribery in Healthcare in Vietnam. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(10), 1479–1498. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1121241

Mattarella, B. G. (2014). The Conflicts of Interests of Public Officers: Rules, Checks and Penalties. In Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 30–38). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507

Matthew M. Taylor. (2019). The Troubling Strength of Brazilian Institutions in the Face of Scandal. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 15(1), 91–111.

Matti, J. (2014). Corruption, Income Inequality, and Subsequent Economic Growth. Undergraduate Economic Review, 11(1). http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1293&context=uer

Mattoni, A. (2020). The grounded theory method to study data-enabled activism against corruption: Between global communicative infrastructures and local activists’ experiences of big data. European Journal of Communication (London), 35(3), 265–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323120922086

Matukhno, N. (2015). Corruption, Contention, and Reform: The Power of Deep Democratization. Journal of Politics, 77(2), e11–e12.

Mauk, M. (2020). Rebuilding Trust in Broken Systems? Populist Party Success and Citizens’ Trust in Democratic Institutions. Politics and Governance, 8(3), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.2896

Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681.

Mauro, P. (1997). Why worry about corruption? Washington, DC.

Mauro, P. (1998a). Corruption and the composition of government expenditure. Journal of Public Economics, 69(2), 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(98)00025-5

Mauro, P. (1998b). Corruption: Causes, consequences, and agenda for further research. Finance & Development, 35(1), 11.

Mauro, P. (2004). The Persistence of Corruption and Slow Economic Growth. IMF Staff Papers, 51(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.2307/30035860

Mauro, P., Medas, P., & Fournier, J.-M. (2019). The Cost Of Corruption. Finance & Development, 26–29.

Mawejje, J., & Okumu, I. M. (2016). Tax Evasion and the Business Environment in Uganda.

441 

 

South African Journal of Economics, 84(3), 440–460. https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12132

Maxim, S.-T. (2017). Is Corruption an Inevitable Social Phenomenon in a Changing Society. Postmodern Openings, 1, 33–39. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/2017.0801.03

Maxwell, A., & Winters, R. (2004). A Quarter Century of (Data on) Corruption in the American States [Working Paper]. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rwinters/AM&RW2004.pdf

Maxwell, A., & Winters, R. (2005). Political Corruption in America [Working Paper]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.372.2930&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Maxwell, D., Walker, P., church, C., Harvey, P., Savage, K., Bailey, S., Hees, R., & Ahlendorf, M.-L. (2008). Preventing Corruption in Humanitarian Assistance: Final Research Report. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/1836.pdf

May, J. W., Pyle, W., & Sommers, P. M. (2002). Does governance explain unofficial activity? Applied Economics Letters, 9(8), 537–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850110100858

May, O. (2016). Fighting Fraud and Corruption in the Humanitarian and Global Development Sector. Routledge.

Mayfield, L. (1993). Voting Fraud in Early Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 24(1), 59–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/205101

Mayo, R. L. (2013). Does Bribery Grease the Wheels of Economic Growth? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2903338). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2903338

Mays, L. (2016). The Trickle Down Effect of Privacy Shield Uncertainty: Fluctuating Lines for Anti-Bribery Compliance. Journal of Internet Law, 19(10), 1–10.

Mazák, J., & Diviák, T. (2018). Transactional activism without transactions: Network perspective on anti-corruption activism in the Czech Republic. Social Movement Studies, 17(2), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2017.1404904

Mažar, N. (2008). The dishonesty of honest people a theory of self-concept maintenance. Journal of Marketing Research : JMR, 45(6), 633–644.

Mazar, N., & Aggarwal, P. (2011). Greasing the palm: Can collectivism promote bribery? Psychological Science, 22(7), 843–848. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611412389

Mazar, N., & Ariely, D. (2006). Dishonesty in Everyday Life and Its Policy Implications. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 25(1), 117–126.

Mazza, C. (2016). How Criminals Infiltrate Public Procurement. Central European Journal of International & Security Studies, 10(1), 60–78.

442 

 

Mazzacuva, F. (2014). Justifications and Purposes of Negotiated Justice for Corporate Offenders: Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements in the UK and US Systems of Criminal Justice. The Journal of Criminal Law, 78(3), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2014.78.3.921

Mazzi, F., Slack, R., Tsalavoutas, I., & Tsoligkas, F. (2019). Country-level corruption and accounting choice: Research & development capitalization under IFRS. The British Accounting Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.02.003

Mbaku, J. (1991). Military expenditures and bureaucratic competition for rents. Public Choice, 71(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138447

Mbaku, J. (1996). Bureaucratic Corruption in Africa: The Futility of Cleanups. The Cato Journal, 16(1), 99.

Mbaku, J. M. (1999). Corruption cleanups in developing societies: The public choice perspective. International Journal of Public Administration, 22(2), 309–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699908525385

Mbaku, J. M. (2000). Bureaucratic and political corruption in Africa: The public choice perspective (Original ed.). Krieger PubCo.

Mbaku, J. M. (2016). International Law And The Fight Against Bureaucratic Corruption In Africa. Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 33(3), 661.

Mbaku, J. M. (2018). Corruption and Democratic Institutions in Africa. Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, 27(2), 311.

Mbaku, J., & Paul, C. (1989). Political instability in Africa: A rent-seeking approach. Public Choice, 63(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223272

Mbara, G. (2019). Corruption and Good Governance in Nigeria: Zooming the Lens on the Buhari Anti-Corruption Crusade. Journal of Gender, Information & Development in Africa, 195–219. https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4284/2019/s1n1a12

Mbate, M. (2018). Who bears the burden of bribery? Evidence from public service delivery in Kenya. Development Policy Review, 36, O321–O340. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12311

Mcadam, P., & Rummel, O. (2004). Corruption: A non-parametric analysis. Journal of Economic Studies, 31(5), 509–523.

Mcallister, I. (2000). Keeping them Honest: Public and Elite Perceptions of Ethical Conduct among Australian Legislators. Political Studies, 48(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00248

Mcallister, I. (2014). Corruption and confidence in Australian political institutions. Australian

443 

 

Journal of Political Science, 49(2), 174–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.880401

McAllister, I., & White, S. (2015). Electoral Integrity and Support for Democracy in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 25(1), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2014.911744

McArthur, J., & Teal, F. (2002). Corruption and firm performance in Africa [Working Paper]. University of Oxford. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Teal/publication/23742343_Corruption_and_Firm_Performance_in_Africa/links/54da6edc0cf2ba88a68d3309.pdf

McCabe, A., Ingram, R., & Dato-on, M. (2006). ‘The Business of Ethics and Gender.’ Journal of Business Ethics, 64(2), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3327-x

McCann, J. A. (2007). Corruption in the Eyes of American Citizens: Can it Ever be Justified? Does it Always Elicit Anger? (pp. 8–9) [Working Paper].

McCann, J. A., & Domı́nguez, J. I. (1998). Mexicans react to electoral fraud and political corruption: An assessment of public opinion and voting behavior. Electoral Studies, 17(4), 483–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00026-2

McCann, J., & Redlawsk, D. (2006). As Voters Go to the Polls, Will They Perceive a “Culture of Corruption”? PS: Political Science & Politics, 24(4), 797–802.

McCarthy, B. (1984). Keeping An Eye On The Keeper: Prison Corruption And Its Control. The Prison Journal, 64(2), 113–125.

McCarthy, K. J., van Santen, P., & Fiedler, I. (2015). Modeling the money launderer: Microtheoretical arguments on anti-money laundering policy. International Review of Law & Economics, 43, 148–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2014.04.006

McChesney, F. (2000). Ever the Twain Shall Meet. Michigan Law Review, 99, 1348.

McChesney, F. S. (1987). Rent Extraction and Rent Creation in the Economic Theory of Regulation. The Journal of Legal Studies, 16(1), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1086/467825

McCloud, N., & Kumbhakar, S. C. (2012). Institutions, foreign direct investment and growth: A hierarchical Bayesian approach. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 175(1), 83–105.

McCoy, J. L. (2001). The Emergence of a Global Anti-corruption Norm. International Politics, 38(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ip.8892613

McCurley, C., & Mondak, J. J. (1995). Inspected by #1184063113: The influence of incumbents’

444 

 

competence and integrity in U.S. House elections. American Journal of Political Science, 39(4), 864.

McCusker, R. (2006). Review of anti-corruption strategies [Monograph]. http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tbp/21-40/tbp023.html

McFarlane, J. (2000). Corruption and the financial sector: The strategic impact.(Asia-Pacific region)(The 18th Cambridge International Symposium on Economic Crime). Dickinson Journal of International Law, 19(1), 47–76.

McFerson, H. M. (2009). Governance and Hyper-corruption in Resource-rich African Countries. Third World Quarterly, 30(8), 1529–1547. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590903279257

McGee, R. W., & Benk, S. (2014). The Ethics of Accepting a Bribe: An Empirical Case Study of Turkey. Business & Law, 2(Journal Article), 58–63.

McGirr, S. (2013). Deliberate Indiscretion: Why Bureaucratic Agencies are Differently Corrupt (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2299504). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2299504

Mcgreal, P. E. (2019). Implications of Extrajudicial Enforcement of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act for Anti-Corruption Compliance and Ethics Programs. University of Illinois Law Review, 2019(4), 1151–1172.

McKenzie, J. F. (2013). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Compliance Issues for Import/Export Operations. The International Lawyer, 47(1), 43–64. JSTOR.

McKinney, J., & Moore, C. (2008). International Bribery: Does a Written Code of Ethics Make a Difference in Perceptions of Business Professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 79(1), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9395-3

McLaren, J. (2003). Corruption and the Organization of Tax Administration: Non-Smithian Benefits from Specialization, in Institutional Elements of Tax Design and Reform. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/0-8213-5394-2

McLean, N. M. (2012). Cross-National Patterns in FCPA Enforcement. Yale Law Journal, 121, 1970–2405.

McLeod, R. H. (2005). The struggle to regain effective government under democracy in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 41(3), 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910500117289

McMann, K. M. (2014). Corruption as a last resort: Adapting to the market in Central Asia. Cornell University Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:muse3765620151126

445 

 

Mcmann, K. M., Seim, B., Teorell, J., & Lindberg, S. I. (2019). Why Low Levels of Democracy Promote Corruption and High Levels Diminish It. Political Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912919862054

McManus-Czubińska, C., Miller, W., Markowski, R., & Wasilewski, J. (2004). Why is corruption in Poland ``a serious cause for concern’’? Crime, Law and Social Change, 41(2), 107–132. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000016222.40146.4e

McMillan, J. (1991). Dango: Japan’s Price-Fixing Conspiracies. Economics & Politics, 3(3), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.1991.tb00047.x

McMillan, J., & Zoido, P. (2002). How to Subvert Democracy: Montesinos in Peru. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(4), 69–92. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330042632690

Mcnally, D. (2016). Norms, Corruption, and Voting for Berlusconi. Politics & Policy, 44(5), 976–1008. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12173

McPake, B., Asiimwe, D., Mwesigye, F., Ofumbi, M., Ortenblad, L., Streefland, P., & Turinde, A. (1999). Informal economic activities of public health workers in Uganda: Implications for quality and accessibility of care. Social Science & Medicine, 49(7), 849–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00144-6

McWilliams, J. N. (2007). Tug of war: The World Bank’s new governance and anticorruption efforts. The Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, 17(1), 1–27.

Meagher, P. (2004). Anti-Corruption Agencies: A Review of Experience. U4. http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/anti-corruption-agencies-a-review-of-experience/

Meagher, P. (2005). Anti‐corruption agencies: Rhetoric Versus reality. The Journal of Policy Reform, 8(1), 69–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/1384128042000328950

Meagher, P. (2006). Prescription for abuse?: Pharmaceutical selection in Bulgarian healthcare. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 546–596). Edward Elgar.

Mebane, W. (2011). Comment on “Benford’s Law and the Detection of Election Fraud.” Political Analysis, 19(3), 269.

Mebane, W. R., Jr. (2008). Electoral Forensics: The Second-Digit Benford’s Law Test and Recent American Presidential Elections. In R. M. Alvarez, T. E. Hall, & S. D. Hyde (Eds.), Election fraud: Detecting and deterring electoral manipulation. Brookings Institution Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE350920151124

Mechtenberg, L., Muehlheusser, G., & Roider, A. (2020). Whistleblower protection: Theory and

446 

 

experimental evidence. European Economic Review, 126, 103447-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103447

Medard, F. H. (1986). Public Corruption in Africa: A Comparative Perspective. 1(2), 115–132.

Medard, J.-F. (2002). Corruption in the Neo-Patrimonial States of Sub-Saharan Africa. In A. J. Heidenheimer & M. Johnston, Political corruption: Concepts & contexts (3rd ed.). Transaction Publishers.

Medina, L. F., & Stokes, S. (2007). Monopoly and monitoring: An approach to political clientelism. In H. Kitschelt & S. I. Wilkinson (Eds.), Patrons, Clients, and Policies: Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Meehan, F., & Tacconi, L. (2017). A framework to assess the impacts of corruption on forests and prioritize responses. Land Use Policy, 60, 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.021

Meessen, K. M. (1995). Fighting corruption across the border. Fordham International Law Journal, 18(5), 1647–1652.

Mehlum, H., Moene, K., & Torvik, R. (2006a). Cursed by Resources or Institutions? World Economy, 29(8), 1117–1131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00808.x

Mehlum, H., Moene, K., & Torvik, R. (2006b). Institutions and the Resource Curse. Economic Journal, 116(508), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01045.x

Mehta, M. C. (2006). The accountability principle: Legal solutions to break corruption’s impact on India’s environment. Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation, 21(1), 141–156.

Meier, K. J., & Holbrook, T. M. (1992). “I Seen My Opportunities and I Took 'Em:” Political Corruption in the American States. The Journal of Politics, 54(1), 135–155. https://doi.org/10.2307/2131647

Meier, K. J., & O’Toole, L. J. (2013). Subjective organizational performance and measurement error: Common source bias and spurious relationships. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 23(2), 429.

Meier, K. J., & Schlesinger, T. (2002). Variations in corruption among the American states. In Political corruption: Concepts and contexts (pp. 627–644). Transaction Publishers.

Meinert, M. (2019). Countering Corruption. American Bankers Association. ABA Banking Journal, 111(3), 32–34.

Mejía Acosta, A. (2013). The Impact and Effectiveness of Accountability and Transparency Initiatives: The Governance of Natural Resources. Development Policy Review, 31,

447 

 

s89–s105. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12021

Melgar, N., Rossi, M., & Smith, T. W. (2010). The Perception of Corruption. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 22(1), 120–131. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edp058

Melki, M., & Pickering, A. (2020). Polarization and corruption in America. European Economic Review, 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103397

Melnikov, E. G., Miietskiy, V. P., & S. D. Savin. (2020). Systemic Policy as a Factor in the Formation of an Anti-Corruption Climate in Modern Russian Society. Дискурс, 5(6), 72–90. https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2019-5-6-72-90

Melo, L., & Quinn, M. A. (2015). Oil, Foreign Direct Investment and Corruption. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 9(1), 33–49.

Melo, M. (2016). Crisis and Integrity in Brazil. Journal of Democracy, 27(2), 50–65.

Melo, M. A., Leite, A. B., & Rocha, E. (2012). Competitive Corruption: Evidence from Randomized Brazilian Municipal Audits [Working Paper].

Melo, M. A., Leite, A. B., & Rocha, E. (2013). Muncipal Corruption: Multilevel Estimates of the Effects of Checks and Political Competition in Brazil [Working Paper].

Melo, M. A., Pereira, C., & Figueiredo, C. M. (2009). Political and institutional checks on corruption: Explaining the performance of Brazilian audit institutions. Comparative Political Studies, 42(9), 1217–1244.

Melville, A., Stukal, D., & Mironiuk, M. (2014). “King of the Mountain,” or Why Postcommunist Autocracies Have Bad Institutions. Russian Social Science Review, 55(4), 16–38.

Memoli, V., & Pellegata, A. (2014). Corruption and EU Institutions: The Italians’ Opinion. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 15(2), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/15705854.2014.885771

Menaker, A. J. (2010). The Determinative Impact of Fraud and Corruption on Investment Arbitrations. ICSID Review, 25(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/25.1.67

Menard, A.-R., & Weill, L. (2016). Understanding the Link Between Aid and Corruption: A Causality Analysis. Economic Systems, 40(2), 260–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2016.01.001

Mendelski, M. (n.d.). 15 years of anti-corruption in Romania: Augmentation, aberration and acceleration. European Politics and Society, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2020.1729051

448 

 

Mendes, A. (2016). The fundamentals of corruption-fighting within the accountability program of the Brazilian Federal Government. Revista Do Servico Publico, 67(3), 291–318. https://doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v67i3.641

Mendes, C. M., & Porto, Jr., S. (2012). Deforestation, economic growth and corruption: A nonparametric analysis on the case of Amazon forest. Applied Economics Letters, 19(13), 1285–1291. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2011.619487

Mendez, F. (2014). Can corruption foster regulatory compliance? Public Choice, 158(1–2), 189.

Méndez, F., & Sepúlveda, F. (2006). Corruption, growth and political regimes: Cross country evidence. European Journal of Political Economy, 22(1), 82–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.04.005

Méndez, F., & Sepúlveda, F. (2010). What Do We Talk About When We Talk About Corruption? The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 26(3), 493–514. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewp003

Mendonça, H. F. de, & Fonseca, A. O. da. (2012). Corruption, income, and rule of law: Empirical evidence from developing and developed economies. Revista de Economia Política, 32(2), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31572012000200009

Mendoza, R. U., Lim, R. A., & Lopez, A. O. (2015). Grease Or Sand in the Wheels of Commerce? Firm Level Evidence on Corruption and SMEs. Journal of International Development, 27(4), 415–439. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3077

Menes, R. (2006). Limiting the Reach of the Grabbing Hand: Graft and Growth in American Cities, 1880 to 1930. University of Chicago Press.

Menezes, B. S. (2015). Bureaucratic corruption and entrepreneurship: An empirical analysis of Brazilian states. Revista de Administração Contemporanea, 19(3), 374–397. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac20151611

Menezes, F. M., & Monteiro, P. K. (2006). Corruption and auctions. The Journal of Mathematical Economics, 42(1), 97.

Mensah, Y. M. (2014). An Analysis of the Effect of Culture and Religion on Perceived Corruption in a Global Context. Journal of Business Ethics, 121(2), 255–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1696-0

Meny, Y. (1996). “Fin de siecle” corruption: Change, crisis and shifting values. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 309.

Méon, P.-G., & Sekkat, K. (2005). Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Public Choice, 122(1), 69–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-3988-0

449 

 

Méon, P.-G., & Weill, L. (2010). Is Corruption an Efficient Grease? World Development, 38(3), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.004

Meričková, B., Bašteková, A., Stejskal, J., & Pekár, B. (2017). Economic, Political, Social Factor of Corruption in the Slovak Republic. The NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 10(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1515/nispa-2017-0005

Meschi, P.-X. (2009). Government corruption and foreign stakes in international joint ventures in emerging economies. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 26(2), 241–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-007-9067-y

Mesmer-Magnus, J., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Whistleblowing in Organizations: An Examination of Correlates of Whistleblowing Intentions, Actions, and Retaliation. Journal of Business Ethics, 62(3), 277–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-0849-1

Messick, D., & Bazerman, M. (1996). Ethical Leadership and Psychology of Decision Making. Sloan Management Review, 37(2), 9.

Messick, R. (2011). Curbing fraud, corruption, and collusion in the roads sector (No. 64283; pp. 1–61). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/06/14893212/curbing-fraud-corruption-collusion-roads-sector

Messick, R. E. (n.d.-a). Income and assets declarations: Issues to consider in developing a disclosure regime (U4 Issues Paper 2009:6). Retrieved June 29, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/publications/income-and-assets-declarations-issues-to-consider-in-developing-a-disclosure-regime/

Messick, R. E. (n.d.-b). Policy considerations when drafting conflict of interest legislation. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach (pp. 112–123). Edward Elgar.

Mestre, J. (2015). A bribe new world: The federal government gets creative in chasing foreign officials for taking bribes. University of Florida Journal of Law and Public Policy, 26(1), 1–25.

Metzger, M., Dalton, D., & Hill, J. (1993). The Organization of Ethics and the Ethics of Organizations. Business Ethics Quarterly : The Journal of the Society for Business Ethics, 3(1), 27.

Mevina Nora, Ismansyah Ismansyah, & Yuslim Yuslim. (2019). The Role Model of Guiding Team of Regional Government and Development in the Prosecutor District of Padang Panjang in the Prevention Attempt of Corruption. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(2), 563–575. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.745

450 

 

Meyer, A. L., Kooten, G. C. V., & Wang, S. (2003). Institutional, Social and Economic Roots of Deforestation: Further Evidence of an Environmental Kuznets Relation? http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.198.6680

Meyer, B., van Roomen, T., & Sikkema, E. (2014). Corporate Criminal Liability for Corruption Offences and the Due Diligence Defence: A Comparison of the Dutch and English Legal Frameworks. Utrecht Law Review, 10(3), 37–54.

Meyer, M. E., Steyn, J., & Gopal, N. (2013). Exploring the public parameter of police integrity. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 36(1), 140–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511311302515

Meyer, O. (2013). The Formation of a Transnational Order Public against Corruption: Lessons for and from Arbitral Tribunals. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington, Anti-Corruption Policy: Can International Actors Play a Constructive Role? (pp. 229–246). Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Meyers, G. (2018). Ethics in the Tanzanian Public Service Reform Program during President Benjamin Mkapa’s Reign (1995-2005). Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 15(3), 109–121.

Mi, Z., & Liu, Q. (2014). Income inequality, fiscal redistribution, and governmental corruption: Evidence from Chinese provincial data. Journal of Developing Areas, 48(4), 119.

Mialtu, M., Nedelcu, C., & Banacu, C. (2015). The Balance of Accessing European Funds the End of 2014: The Influence of Corruption on Absorbed E.U. Funds in Romania. Management Research and Practice, 7(2), 34–46.

Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (2002). What makes whistle-blowers effective? Three field studies. Human Relations, 55(4), 455–479.

Michael, B. (2004). The Rise and Fall of the Anti-Corruption Industry: Toward Second Generation Anti-Corruption Reforms in Central and Eastern Europe. Open Society Institute.

Michael, B. (2014). Can the Hong Kong ICAC Help Reduce Corruption on the Mainland? 2, 78–119.

Michael, Bryane. (2004a). Explaining organizational change in international development: The role of complexity in anti‐corruption work. Journal of International Development, 16(8), 1067–1088. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1126

Michael, Bryane. (2004b). What Do African Donor‐sponsored Anti‐corruption Programmes Teach Us about International Development in Africa? Social Policy & Administration, 38(4), 320–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2004.00394.x

451 

 

Michael, Bryane. (2006). Depoliticizing Anti-Corruption in Bolivia: Local International Intervention and the State. International Journal of Public Administration, 29(13), 1311–1336. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690600928136

Michael, Bryane. (2010). Issues in Anti-Corruption Law: Drafting Implementing Regulations for Anti-Corruption Conventions in Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Journal of Legislation, 36(2), 272–296.

Michael, Bryane. (2012). Activist Regulatory Practices in Corruption Prevention: A Case Study from Montenegro. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar.

Michael, Bryane. (2015). Making Hong Kong companies liable for foreign corruption. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(1), 126.

Michael, Bryane, & Carr, I. (2015). How can the ICAC help foster the widespread adoption of company anticorruption programs in Hong Kong? North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 40(2), 355–441.

Michael, Bryane, Ferguson, F., & Karimov, A. (2012). Do Customs Trade Facilitation Programs Help Reduce Customs-Related Corruption? International Journal of Public Administration, 35(2), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2011.635491

Michael, Bryane, & Hajredini, H. (2010). What Does Kosovo Teach Us about Using Human Rights Law to Prosecute Corruption Offences? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1549467). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1549467

Michael P. Van Alstine. (2012). Treaty Double Jeopardy: The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the FCPA. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1321–1485.

Michailova, J., & Melnykovska, I. (2009). Gender, Corruption and Sustainable Growth in Transition Countries. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES), 4(3).

Michener, G. (2015). Policy Evaluation via Composite Indexes: Qualitative Lessons from International Transparency Policy Indexes. World Development; World Dev., 74(Journal Article), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.04.016

Michener, Gregory, & Pereira, C. (2016). A Great Leap Forward for Democracy and the Rule of Law? Brazil’s Mensalão Trial. Journal of Latin American Studies, 48(03), 477–507. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X16000377

Midoun, S. (2017). The Algerian Economy Governed By Black Corruption: An Empirical Study From 2002 To 2015. Studies and Scientific Researches: Economics Edition, 24. https://doaj.org/article/dcd122a7553641d886551c4fb79abc08

Miettinen, T., & Poutvaara, P. (2014). A market for connections. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF

452 

 

POLITICAL ECONOMY, 33(Journal Article), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.11.003

Mietzner, M. (2015). Dysfunction by Design: Political Finance and Corruption in Indonesia. Critical Asian Studies, 47(4), 587–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2015.1079991

Migliorisi, S., & Wescott, C. (2011). Review of World Bank Support for Accountability Institutions in the Contract of Governance and Anti-Corruption (IEG Working Paper 2011/5). World Bank. https://www.google.com/search?q=Review+of+World+Bank+Support+for+Accountability+Institutions+in+the+Contract+of+Governance+and+Anti-Corruption&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8

Miguel, E., & Gugerty, M. K. (2005). Ethnic diversity, social sanctions, and public goods in Kenya. Journal of Public Economics, 89(11), 2325–2368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.09.004

Mijiyawa, A. (2017). Drivers of Structural Transformation: The Case of the Manufacturing Sector in Africa. World Development, 99, 141.

Mikhailov, A., & Gorbatikov, E. (2016). Analysis of anticorruption strategies in a modified Power–Society model. Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations, 8(6), 709–724. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070048216060132

Mikkelsen, K. S. (2013). In murky waters: A disentangling of corruption and related concepts. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(4), 357–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9474-6

Mikkelsen, K. S. (2015). Getting to Denmark, More or Less. Forlaget Politica. http://findresearcher.sdu.dk/portal/en/publications/getting-to-denmark-more-or-less(a79dfd1e-be80-4497-958d-c093d975b7ab).html

Mikkelsen, K. S., & Meyer-Sahling, J.-H. (2016). Civil service laws, merit, politicization, and corruption. Public Administration. http://findresearcher.sdu.dk/portal/en/publications/civil-service-laws-merit-politicization-and-corruption(e35c87b6-e141-471e-ab41-b18157a030a2).html

Mikkers, M. (2017). Healthcare fraud, corruption and waste in Europe. National and academic perspectives. Eleven International Publishing.

Milanovic, B., Hoff, K., & Horowitz, S. (2010). Turnover in Power as a Restraint on Investing in Influence: Evidence from the Postcommunist Transition. Economics & Politics, 22(3), 329–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2010.00365.x

Miles, C. A. (2012). Corruption, Jurisdiction and Admissibility in International Investment

453 

 

Claims. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 3(2), 329–369. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idr017

Miles, M. R. (2015). Turnout as Consent: How Fair Governance Encourages Voter Participation. Political Research Quarterly, 68(2), 363–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912915573282

Miller, A. (2004). Corruption Between Morality and Legitimacy in the Context of Globalization. In I. Pardo, Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 53–68). Ashgate.

Miller, G. P. (2018). An economic analysis of effective compliance programs. Research Handbook on Corporate Crime and Financial Misdealing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781783474462/9781783474462.00019.xml

Miller, K. D. (2002). The Hobbs Act, the interstate commerce clause, and United States v. McFarland: The irrational aggregation of independent local robberies to sustain federal convictions. Tulane Law Review, 76(5 6), 1761–1774.

Miller, M. (2016). MORE THAN JUST A POTTED PLANT: A COURT’S AUTHORITY TO REVIEW DEFERRED PROSECUTION AGREEMENTS UNDER THE SPEEDY TRIAL ACT AND UNDER ITS INHERENT SUPERVISORY POWER. Michigan Law Review, 115(1), 135–170.

Miller, M. J. (2011). Persistent Illegal Logging in Costa Rica: The Role of Corruption Among Forestry Regulators. The Journal of Environment & Development, 20(1), 50–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496510394319

Miller, R. (2008). The Erotics of Corruption: Law, Scandal, and Political Perversion. State University of New York Press.

Miller, S. V. (2018). External Territorial Threats and Tolerance of Corruption: A Private/Government Distinction. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2017-0043

Miller, W. (2006). Perceptions, Experience and Lies: What Measures Corruption and What Do Corruption Measures Measure? In C. J. G. Sampford, Measuring corruption (pp. 169–185). Ashgate.

Miller, William L. (2006). Corruption and corruptibility. World Development, 34(2), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.008

Miller, William L., Grødeland, Å. B., & Koshechkina, T. Y. (2002). Values & norms versus extortion & temptation. In D. Della Porta & S. Rose-Ackerman (Eds.), Corrupt Exchanges: Empirical Themes in the Politics and the Political Economy of Corruption

454 

 

(pp. 165–193).

Miller, William Lockley, Grødeland, Å. B., & Koshechkina, T. Y. (2001). A culture of corruption?: Coping with government in post-communist Europe. Central European University Press.

Millington, A., Eberhardt, M., & Wilkinson, B. (2005). Gift Giving, Guanxi and Illicit Payments in Buyer–Supplier Relations in China: Analysing the Experience of UK Companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(3), 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-6712-y

Mills, D., & Weisberg, R. (2008). Corrupting the Harm Requirement in White Collar Crime. Stanford Law Review, 60(5), 1371–1446.

Mills, L. C. (2017). Catching the "big fish’: The (ab)use of corruption-related prosecutions across sub-Saharan Africa. Development Policy Review, 35(s2), O160–O177. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12326

Milner, H. V., Nielson, D. L., & Findley, M. G. (2016). Citizen Preferences and Public Goods: Comparing Preferences for Foreign Aid and Government Programs in Uganda. Review Of International Organizations, 11(2), 219–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-016-9243-2

Milojević, A., & Krstić, A. (2018). Hierarchy of influences on transitional journalism – Corrupting relationships between political, economic and media elites. European Journal of Communication, 33(1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323117750674

Milovanovitch, M., Denisova-Schmidt, E., & Anapiosyan, A. (2020). Conflict of Interest in Eastern Europe: Academic Capture. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 70–74). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000013.xml

Milyo, J. (2014). Corporate Influence and Political Corruption. Independent Review, 19(1), 19–36.

Min, B., & Golden, M. (2014). Electoral cycles in electricity losses in India. Energy Policy, 65(C), 619–625.

Minchew, A. F. (2017). Who put the quo in quid pro quo? Why courts should apply McDonnell’s “official act” definition narrowly. Fordham Law Review, 85(4), 1825.

Ming, Y., & Liu, N. (n.d.). Political uncertainty in the tourism industry: Evidence from China’s anti-corruption campaign. Current Issues in Tourism, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1852195

Mingo, I., & Faggiano, M. P. (2020). Trust in Institutions Between Objective and Subjective Determinants: A Multilevel Analysis in European Countries. Social Indicators Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02400-0

455 

 

Minkov, M. (2016). Predictors of Societal Accident Proneness Across 92 Countries. 50(2), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397115626139

Minovic, M., Milovanovic, M., Stavljanin, V., Draskovic, B., & Lazic, D. (2014). Semantic technologies on the mission: Preventing corruption in public procurement. Computers in Industry, 65(5), 878–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2014.02.003

Minto, A. (2020). Characterising Corruption by Adopting a Systemic Risk Perspective: Importing Macro Prudential Financial Regulation into the Policy Debate. European Journal of Risk Regulation : EJRR, 11(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2020.1

Mironov, M. (2005). Bad Corruption, Good Corruption and Growth [Working Paper]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228374181_Bad_Corruption_Good_Corruption_and_Growth

Mironov, M. (2015). Should one hire a corrupt CEO in a corrupt country? Journal of Financial Economics, 117(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.03.002

Mironov, M., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2016). Corruption in Procurement and the Political Cycle in Tunneling: Evidence from Financial Transactions Data. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 8(2), 287–321. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140188

Misangyi, V. F. (2008). Ending corruption the interplay among institutional logics, resources, and institutional entrepreneurs. The Academy of Management Review : AMR, 33(3), 750–770.

Mishra, A. (2002). Hierarchies, incentives and collusion in a model of enforcement. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 47(2), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00201-3

Mishra, A. (2005). The economics of corruption. Oxford University Press.

Mishra, A. (2006a). Corruption, hierarchies and bureaucratic structure. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 189–215).

Mishra, A. (2006b). Persistence of corruption: Some theoretical perspectives. World Development, 34(2), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.010

Mishra, A., & Samuel, A. (2016). Corruption and hold-up: The role of intermediaries. European Journal of Law and Economics, 41(3), 575–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-015-9503-2

Mishra, A., & Samuel, A. (2017). Preemptive bribery and incomplete information: Does prior knowledge matter? Journal of Public Economic Theory, 19(3), 658–673. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12238

456 

 

Mishra, P., Subramanian, A., & Topalova, P. (2008). Tariffs, enforcement, and customs evasion: Evidence from India. Journal of Public Economics, 92(10), 1907–1925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.04.017

Mishra, S. S., & Abdullahi, M. M. (2020). Citizens’ Satisfaction with Government in a Highly Corrupt Public Life: Role of Trust in Democracy and Civil Society Participation in Somalia. Journal of Asian and African Studies (Leiden), 55(5), 002190961990019–002190961990779. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619900193

Mispansyah, M. (2018). A Comparison Approach in Corruption Eradication: An Empirical Examination. Hasanuddin Law Review, 4(2), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i2.1077

Mistree, D. (2015). Party-Directed Corruption in the Developing World. Comparative Politics, 47(3), 1.

Mistry, J. J., & Jalal, A. (2012). An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between e-government and Corruption. International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, 12(18), 145–176.

Mitchell, P. (2000). Voters and their representatives: Electoral institutions and delegation in parliamentary democracies. European Journal of Political Research, 37(3), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007025105144

Mitchell, Z., Merrington, S., & Bell, P. (2014). A Comparative Analysis of the OECD Anti-Corruption Models (Asia & Europe) And Australia’s Existing Anti-Corruption Platform. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 4(3), 1–23.

Mitra, A., & Shahriar, Q. (2020). Why is dishonesty difficult to mitigate? The interaction between descriptive norm and monetary incentive. Journal of Economic Psychology, 80, 102292-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2020.102292

Mitra, S. (2012). Corruption Re-examined. Trade and Development Review, 5(1). http://www.tdrju.net/index.php/tdr/article/view/61

Mitsilegas, V. (2013). The aims and limits of European Union anti-corruption law. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 160–195). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A017

Mitsopoulos, M., & Pelagidis, T. (2009). Vikings in Greece: Kleptocratic Interest Groups in a Closed, Rent-Seeking Economy. Cato Journal, 29(3), 399–416.

Mixon, F., Laband, D., & Ekelund, R. (1994). Rent seeking and hidden in-kind resource distortion: Some empirical evidence. Public Choice, 78(2), 171–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01050393

457 

 

Mizoguchi, T., & Van Quyen, N. (2014). Corruption in Public Procurement Market. Pacific Economic Review, 19(5), 577–591. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12084

Mo, P. H. (2001). Corruption and Economic Growth. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29(1), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.2000.1703

Mobarak, A. M., & Purbasari, D. (2006). Political Trade Protection in Developing Countries: Firm Level Evidence from Indonesia (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 770949). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=770949

Mocan, N. (2008). What Determines Corruption? International Evidence from Microdata. Economic Inquiry, 46(4), 493–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2007.00107.x

Mocetti, S., & Orlando, T. (2019). Corruption, workforce selection and mismatch in the public sector. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.07.007

Mock, G. (2003). Undue Influence: Corruption and Natural Resources. www.ibrarian.net/.../Undue_Influence__Corruption_and_Natural_Resources.pdf?

Modesto, J. G., Keller, V. N., Saraiva, R. B., & Pilati, R. (2020). Belief in a corrupt world: A cross-cultural mediation model of beliefs about justice, punishment, and corruption. Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 110127-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110127

Modlish, C. (2017). The Yates Memo: DOJ public relations move or meaningful reform that will end impunity for corporate criminals?(Department of Justice). Boston College Law Review, 58(2), 774.

Moene, K., & Soreide, T. (2015). Good Governance Facades. In Susan Rose-Ackerman, Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 46–70). Edward Elgar PubLimited. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:978178471470320151028

Mogalakwe, M., & Nyamnjoh, F. (2017). Botswana at 50: Democratic deficit, elite corruption and poverty in the midst of plenty. Journal of Contemporary African Studies : JCAS, 35(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636

Mohamadi, A., Peltonen, J., & Wincent, J. (2017). Government efficiency and corruption: A country-level study with implications for entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8, 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.06.002

Mohamadi, M., Rafiey, H., Mousavi, M. T., & Hosseinzadeh, S. (2020). Which institutions are most corrupt? Prevalence and social determinants of bribery in Tehran. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 74(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-020-09886-2

458 

 

Mohamed, M. R., Kaliappan, S. R., Ismail, N. W., & Azman-Saini, W. N. W. (2015). Effect of foreign aid on corruption: Evidence from Sub-Saharan African countries. International Journal of Social Economics, 42(1), 47.

Mohamedbhai, G. (2020). The Scourge of Fraud and Corruption in Higher Education. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 138–143). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000025.xml

Mohammad, A. R., Bin Hidthiir, M. H., & Nor, A. B. M. (2019). Impact of Corruption on Banking Sector Stability: Evidence from Middle East and North African Countries. Academic Journal of Economic Studies, 5(2), 125–132.

Mohammed, M. A., Eman, Y., Hussein, A. H., & Hasson, A. R. (2015). E-government Factors to Reduce Administrative and Finance Corruption in Arab Countries: Case Study Iraqi Oil Sector. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1691(Journal Article), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4937040

Mohtadi, H., & Roe, T. L. (2003). Democracy, rent seeking, public spending and growth. Journal of Public Economics, 87(3), 445–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00135-9

Moiseienko, A. (2016). Territorial Criminal Jurisdiction Over Bribery in the UK: The Limits of the Bribery Act of 2010. Criminal Law Review, 6, 405–417.

Moiseienko, A. (2018). The Ownership of Confiscated Proceeds of Corruption Under The UN Convention Against Corruption. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 67(3), 669–694. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002058931800012X

Moiseienko, Anton. (2015). “No safe haven”: Denying entry to the corrupt as a new anti- corruption policy. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 18(4), 400–410.

Mokhtari, M., & Ashtari, M. (2012). Reducing informal payments in the health care system: Evidence from a large patient satisfaction survey. Journal of Asian Economics, 23(2), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2011.11.008

Mokhtari, M., & Grafova, I. (2007). Corruption: Theory and evidence from the Russian Federation. Economic Systems, 31(4), 412–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2007.04.003

Moldogaziev, T. T., Liu, C., & Luby, M. J. (2017). Public Corruption in the U.S. States and Its Impact on Public Debt Pricing. Kyklos, 70(2), 306–329.

Moldovan, A., & Van de Walle, S. (2013). Gifts or Bribes?: Attitudes on Informal Payments in Romanian Health Care. Public Integrity, 15(4), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922150404

459 

 

Molina, E., Carella, L., Pacheco, A., Cruces, G., & Gasparini, L. (2017). Community monitoring interventions to curb corruption and increase access and quality in service delivery: A systematic review. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 9(4), 462–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2017.1378243

Molinari, M. (2014). A Second Best Theory of Institutional Quality. Public Organization Review, 14(4), 545–559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-013-0244-9

Møller, J., & Skaaning, S.-E. (2009). Post-Communist Corruption: In a League of its Own? Australian Journal of Political Science, 44(4), 721–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361140903296610

Moloney, K., & Chu, H.-Y. (2016). Linking Jamaica’s Public Service Motivations and Ethical Climate. American Review of Public Administration, 46(4), 436.

Mombeuil, C. (2020). Institutional conditions, sustainable energy, and the UN sustainable development discourse: A focus on Haiti. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 120153-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120153

Monahan, S., & Quinn, B. (2006). Beyond “bad apples” and “weak leaders”: Toward a neo-institutional explanation of organizational devia. Theoretical Criminology, 10(3), 361–385.

Mondak, J. J. (1995). Competence, Integrity, and the Electoral Success of Congressional Incumbents. The Journal of Politics, 57(4), 1043–1069. https://doi.org/10.2307/2960401

Mondo, B. V. (2016). Measuring Political Corruption from Audit Results: A New Panel of Brazilian Municipalities. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 477–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-016-9306-1

Monteiro, J., & Ferraz, C. (2010). Does Oil Make Leaders Unaccountable? Evidence from Brazil s offshore oil boom [Working Paper]. http://docplayer.net/116682-Does-oil-make-leaders-unaccountable-evidence-from-brazil-s-offshore-oil-boom.html

Monteiro, M. de S., Viana, F. L. E., & Sousa-Filho, J. M. de. (2018). Corruption and supply chain management toward the sustainable development goals era. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 18(6), 1207–1219. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-01-2018-0031

Monteith, C. (2013). Bribery and corruption: The UK framework for enforcement. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 251–266). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A021

Montes, G. C., & Paschoal, P. C. (2015). Corruption: What are the effects on government

460 

 

effectiveness? Empirical evidence considering developed and developing countries. Applied Economics Letters, Journal Article, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1058900

Montes, Gabriel Caldas, Oliveira, D. S. P., & Mendonça, H. F. (2016). Sovereign Credit Ratings in Developing Economies: New Empirical Assessment. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 21(4), 382–397. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1551

Monteverde, V. (2020). Great corruption – theory of corrupt phenomena. Journal of Financial Crime, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2019-0104

Monteverde, V. H. (2019). The cost of corruption. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(2), 568–582. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2018-0046

Monteverde, V. H. (2020). Microeconomics of corruption based on behavioural economics. Journal of Financial Crime, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2020-0043

Montiel, I., Husted, B. W., & Christmann, P. (2012). Using private management standard certification to reduce information asymmetries in corrupt environments. Strategic Management Journal, 33(9), 1103–1113. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.1957

Montinola, Gabriella, Weingast, B. R., & Qian, Y. (1995). Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China. World Politics, 48(1), 50–81.

Montinola, Gabriellar. (1994). The foundations of political corruption: Insights from the Philippine case. Asian Journal of Political Science, 2(1), 86–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185379408434035

Montinola, Gr, & Jackman, R. W. (2002). Sources of corruption: A cross-country study. British Journal Of Political Science, 32, 147–170.

Monyake, M., & Hough, D. (2019). Citizens, bribery and the propensity to protest. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 57(3), 282–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2019.1621040

Moo, F., & Eyiah, A. (2020). Factors Influencing the Growth of Small and Medium Construction Firms in Northern Ghana. Journal of African Business, 21(3), 416–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2019.1641306

Moody-Stuart, G. (1994). The Good Business Guide to Bribery: Grand Corruption in Third World Development.

Moohr, G. (1994). Mail fraud and the intangible rights doctrine: Someone to watch over us. Harvard Journal on Legislation, 31, 153–209.

461 

 

Mookherjee, D. (1992). Monitoring vis-à-vis investigation in enforcement of law. American Economic Review, 82(3), 556–556.

Mookherjee, D. (1995). Corruptible law enforcers: How should they be compensated? The Economic Journal : The Journal of the Royal Economic Society, 105(428), 145–159.

Moon, Y.-L., & McLean, G. N. (2003). The Nature of Corruption Hidden in Culture: The Case of Korea. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 297–315). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0012

Moore, C. (2008). Moral Disengagement in Processes of Organizational Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(1), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9447-8

Moore, D., Tetlock, P., Tanlu, L., & Bazerman, M. (2006). Conflicts of interest and the case of auditor independence: Moral seduction and strategic issue cycling. Academy Of Management Review, 31(1), 10–29.

Moore, E. C. (n.d.). Causes of Demand for International Bribery. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics & Organization Studies, 12(2), 18–23.

Moore, J. (2018). Corruption and the Ethical Standards of British Public Life: National Debates and Local Administration, 1880–1914. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-19

Moore, M. (2001). Political Underdevelopment: What causes ‘bad governance.’ Public Management Review, 3(3), 385–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616670110050020

Moore, M. (2004). Revenues, State Formation, and the Quality of Governance in Developing Countries. International Political Science Review/Revue Internationale de Science Politique, 25(3), 297–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512104043018

Moradi, S., Van Quaquebeke, N., & Hunter, J. (2018). Flourishing and prosocial behaviors: A multilevel investigation of national corruption level as a moderator. PLoS One, 13(7), e0200062. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200062

Moran, J. (2001). Democratic transitions and forms of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 36(4), 379–393. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012072301648

Moran, Jon. (1999). Bribery and Corruption: The OECD Convention on Combating the Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. Business Ethics: A European Review, 8(3), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00142

Moran, Jonathan. (n.d.). Corruption and NIC development: A case study of South Korea. Crime,

462 

 

Law and Social Change, 29(2–3), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008344718274

Morck, R., & Yeung, B. (2004). Family Control and the Rent-Seeking Society. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 391–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00053.x

Moreira, A., Araújo, E., & Sousa, H. (2019). Corruption and the media – a journalists’ look about the relevance of time. Revista Comunicação e Sociedade, 35, 193–210. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.35(2019).3138

Moreno, A. (2002). Corruption and Democracy: A Cultural Assessment. Comparative Sociology, 1(3–4), 495–507. https://doi.org/10.1163/156913302100418556

Moreno, E. (2016). Improving the Democratic Brand Through Institution Building: Ombudsmen and Corruption in Latin America, 2000–2011. Latin American Policy, 7(1), 126–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.12094

Moreno Zacarés, J. (2020). The Iron Triangle of Urban Entrepreneurialism: The Political Economy of Urban Corruption in Spain. Antipode, 52(5), 1351–1372. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12637

Moreno‐Enguix, M. D. R., & Lorente Bayona, L. V. (2017). Factors Affecting Public Expenditure Efficiency in Developed Countries. Politics & Policy, 45(1), 105–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12194

Mornah, D., & Macdermott, R. J. (2018). A Non-Proxied Empirical Investigation of Cultures Effect on Corruption.(Report). Business and Society Review, 123(2), 269–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/basr.12142

Moro, S. F. (2018). Preventing Systemic Corruption in Brazil. Daedalus, 147(3), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00508

Moroff, H. (2004). A polychromatic turn in corruption research? Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 83–97. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041037.22694.0b

Moroff, H., & Schmidt-Pfister, D. (2010). Anti-corruption movements, mechanisms, and machines – an introduction. Global Crime, 11(2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669118

Morris, C. (2015). An international study on public confidence in police. Police Practice and Research, 16(5), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2014.951935

Morris, J., & Polese, A. (2016). Informal health and education sector payments in Russian and Ukrainian cities: Structuring welfare from below. European Urban and Regional Studies, 23(3), 481–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776414522081

Morris, S. (1991). Corruption and politics in contemporary Mexico.

463 

 

Morris, S. D. (n.d.). Corruption in Latin America: An Empirical Overview. SECOLAS Annals, 36, 74–92.

Morris, S. D. (2008). Disaggregating Corruption: A Comparison of Participation and Perceptions in Latin America with a Focus on Mexico. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 27(3), 388–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2008.00276.x

Morris, S. D. (2011). Forms of corruption. CESifo DICE Report : Journal for Institutional Comparisons ; the International Platform of Ludwig-Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute for Economic Research, 9(2), 10–14.

Morris, S. D., & Blake, C. H. (2009). Corruption and Democracy at the State Level in Mexico. In Corruption and democracy in Latin America (pp. 169–192). University of Pittsburgh Press.

Morris, S. D., & Klesner, J. L. (2010). Corruption and trust: Theoretical considerations and evidence from Mexico. Comparative Political Studies, 43(10), 1258–1285.

Morrison, P. J. (2016). An Anti-Corruption Checkup: Capability Maturity Models Can Help Organizations Assess the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Programs. Internal Auditor, 73(3), 47.

Morrissey, D. (2007). The fight against corruption by international organizations. The George Washington International Law Review, 39(1), 165–198.

Morrissey, O., & Udomkerdmongkol, M. (2012). Governance, Private Investment and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries. World Development, 40(3), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.004

Morrow, J. D., & Bueno de Mesquita, B. (2003). The logic of political survival. MIT Press.

Morse, S. (2006). Is Corruption Bad for Environmental Sustainability? A Cross-National Analysis. Ecology and Society, 11(1), 1.

Moschovis, G. (2010). Public Spending Allocation, Fiscal Performance and Corruption. Economic Papers: A Journal of Applied Economics and Policy, 29(1), 64–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2010.00048.x

Moser, C. (n.d.). Conflict of interests of government members and the risk of corruption: An assessment of pre-revolutionary Tunisia and Egypt. In J.-B. Auby & B (Eds.), Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach.

Mosikari, T., Eita, J., & Nthebe, T. (2019). Does Corruption Hamper Inward FDI in South Africa from other African Countries? A Gravity Model Analysis. Economia Internazionale, 72(4), 513.

464 

 

Moss, T., Pettersson, G., & van de Walle, N. (2006). An Aid-Institutions Paradox? A Review Essay on Aid Dependency and State Building in Sub-Saharan Africa [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc].

Mostert, S., & Kaspers, G. (2019). All It Takes for Corruption in Health Systems to Triumph, Is Good People Who Do Nothing Comment on “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems”. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 8(10), 610–612. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.53

Moyer, H. (2004). The Role of Law in Combating Official Corruption: Recent U.S. Enforcement and Evolving International Standards. American Society of International Law. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, 169–179.

Moyo, K. (2017). An analysis of the impact of corruption on the realisation of the right to development. South African Journal on Human Rights, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02587203.2017.1357320

Moyo, S. (2014). Corruption in Zimbabwe: An Examination of the Roles of the State and Civil Society in Combating Corruption. University of Central Lancashire. https://books.google.com/books/about/Corruption_in_Zimbabwe.html?id=XHUJogEACAAJ

Msughter, A. E. (2019). Good Governance and Accountability: An Assessment of the Media’s Role in Achieving Transparency in the 2019 General Elections in Nigeria. Brazilian Journal of African Studies, 4(7). https://doi.org/10.22456/2448-3923.91505

Mtapuri, O. (2016). Corruption and Citizen Participation: A Critical Analysis. Bangladesh E-Journal of Sociology, 13(1), 6.

Mtetwa, E. (2018). Corruption, Institutional Decay and Social Capital: The Case of Zimbabwe Republic Police. Review of Human Factor Studies, 24(1), 66–80.

Muazu Ibrahim, Emmanuel Kumi, & Yeboah, T. (2015). Greasing or sanding the wheels? Effect of corruption on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. African J.of Economic and Sustainable Development, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1504/AJESD.2015.069858

Mubangizi, J. C., & Sewpersadh, P. (2017). A Human Rights-based Approach to Combating Public Procurement Corruption in Africa. African Journal of Legal Studies, 10(1), 66–90. https://doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340015

Mudambi, R., Navarra, P., & Delios, A. (2013). Government regulation, corruption, and FDI. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(2), 487–511.

Mudassaar, K., & Ur Rehman, H. (2019). Human Capital and Economic Growth Nexus: Does Corruption Matter? Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 13(2), 409–418.

465 

 

Mudhai, F. (n.d.). Time to Harvest? Media, Corruption and Elections in Kenya. International Journal of Communication Ethics, 4(4), 30–35.

Muellner, J., Klopf, P., & Nell, P. C. (2017). Trojan Horses or Local Allies: Host-country National Managers in Developing Market Subsidiaries. Journal of International Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2016.12.001

Muffler, S. (1995). Proposing a treaty on the prevention of international corrupt payments: Cloning the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is not the answer. ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, 1(1), 3–39.

Mugarura, N. (2016). Uncoupling the relationship between corruption and money laundering crimes. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 24(1), 74–89.

Mugellini, G. (2019). Monitoring the Risk of Corruption at International Level: The Case of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. European Journal of Risk Regulation : EJRR, 10(1), 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2019.16

Mugellini, G., & Heide, M. (2019). International Anti-Corruption Initiatives: A Classification of Policy Interventions. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-019-09410-w

Muhumuza, W. (2016). The politics of anti-corruption reforms and reversals in Uganda’s changing political terrain. Economic and Political Studies, 4(1), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2016.1152095

Muir, S. (2016). On Historical Exhaustion: Argentine Critique in an Era of “Total Corruption.” 58(1), 129–158. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417515000596

Muir, S., & Gupta, A. (2018). Rethinking the Anthropology of Corruption: An Introduction to Supplement 18. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S4–S15. https://doi.org/10.1086/696161

Mujtaba, B. (2013). Bribery and Wealth in the ASEAN Community. In Capitalism and Its Challenges Across Borders: Perspectives from the Asian, African and American Continent. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256995770_Bribery_and_Wealth_in_the_ASEAN_Community

Mujtaba, B. G., Cavico, F. J., Mcclelland, R. J., & Williamson, P. (2013). A Study of Bribery and Wealth in the ASEAN Community Based on the Corruption Perception Index Scores and GNP per Capita. ResearchGate, 3(1), 576–597.

Mujtaba, B., Williamson, P., Cavico, F., & Mcclelland, B. (2013). Managing the Link Between Bribery and Wealth Based on Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and Gross National Product (GNP) per Capita. Journal of Management Policy and Practice, 14(3), 100–115.

466 

 

Mukherjee, D. (2018). Corruption in International Business: Does Economic Globalization Help? Global Business Review, 19(3), 623–634. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713841

Mukoro, D. O., Faboyede, O. S., & Yamusa, O. (2013). The Role of Forensic Accountants in Fraud Detection And National Security in Nigeria. Change and Leadership, 17, 90–106.

Mukwiri, J. (2015). British law on corporate bribery. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(1), 16–16.

Mulgan, R., & Wanna, J. (2012). Developing Cultures of Integrity in the Public and Private Sectors. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar.

Mulyaman, D., & Ismail, A. (2020). Decentralization and Corruption in Post-1998 Crisis Asia in IMF Assistance Receiver Country. Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies, 3(2), 108–120.

Mulyana, A., Iskandarsyah, A., Siswadi, A. G. P., & Srisayekti, W. (2019). Social Value Orientation On Corruption Prisoners. Mimbar: Jurnal Sosial Dan Pembangunan, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v35i1.4479

Muma, M. W. (2014). Toward greater guidance: Reforming the definitions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.(defining a “foreign official”). Michigan Law Review, 112(7), 1337.

Mundle, S., Chakraborty, P., Chowdhury, S., & Dikdar, S. (2012). The Quality of Governance. Economic and Political Weekly, 47(49), 41–52.

Munger, M. (2018). Tullock and the welfare costs of corruption: There is a “political Coase Theorem.” Public Choice, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-018-0610-9

Munger, M. C. (2018). On The Contingent Vice of Corruption. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 158–181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000153

Mungiu‐Pippidi, A. (2005). Deconstructing Balkan particularism: The ambiguous social capital of Southeastern Europe. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 5(1), 49–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468385042000328367

Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (2013). Becoming Denmark: Historical Designs of Corruption Control. Social Research, 80(4), 1259–1286.

Mungiu‐Pippidi, A. (2016). Public Integrity and Trust in Europe. https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2016/01/18/public-integrity-and-trust-in-europe

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2006). Corruption: Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of Democracy, 17(3), 86–99.

467 

 

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2011). Contextual Choices in Fighting Corruption: Lessons Learned. Norwegian Agency for International Development. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2042021

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2013a). Controlling Corruption Through Collective Action. Journal of Democracy, 24(1), 101–115.

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2013b). FOIA as an Anticorruption Tool [Working Paper]. www.againstcorruption.eu/wp-content/.../WP-34-FOIA-as-an-anti-corruption-tool1.pdf.

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2013c). The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Controlling Corruption in the European Union [Working Paper]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296624715_The_Good_the_Bad_and_the_Ugly_Controlling_Corruption_in_the_European_Union

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2014). Of Virtuous Circles: Modeling Control of Corruption Beyond Modernization [Working Paper]. Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2452615

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2015a). Corruption: Good governance powers innovation. Nature, 518(7539), 295–297.

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2015b). The quest for good governance: How societies develop control of corruption. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2016a). For a New Generation of Objective Indicators in Governance and Corruption Studies. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 363–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-016-9322-1

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2016b). Learning from Virtuous Circles. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 95–109.

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2016c). The Quest for Good Governance: Learning from Virtuous Circles. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 95–109.

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2018a). Romania’s Italian-Style Anticorruption Populism. Journal of Democracy, 29(3), 104–116. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0048

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2018b). Seven Steps to Control of Corruption: The Road Map. Daedalus, 147(3), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00500

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2020). The Rise and Fall of Good-Governance Promotion. Journal of Democracy, 31(1), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2020.0007

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina, & Dadašov, R. (2016). Measuring Control of Corruption by a New Index of Public Integrity. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 415–438.

468 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-016-9324-z

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina, & Dadašov, R. (2017). When do anticorruption laws matter? The evidence on public integrity enabling contexts. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(4), 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9693-3

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina, & Dusu, A. E. (2011). Civil society and control of corruption: Assessing governance of Romanian public universities. International Journal of Educational Development, 31(5), 526–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.03.016

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina, & Hartmann, T. (2019). Corruption and Development: An Overview. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.013.237

Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina, & Johnston, M. (2017). Transitions to Good Governance: Creating Virtuous Circles of Anti-corruption. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Muno, W. (2013). Clientelist corruption networks: Conceptual and empirical approaches. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 33–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0156-7

Muñoz, J., Anduiza, E., & Gallego, A. (2016). Why do voters forgive corrupt mayors? Implicit exchange, credibility of information and clean alternatives. Local Government Studies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2016.1154847

Muntean, N., Plotnikov, V., Anghel, I., & Cişmaşu, I. (2019). The Impact of Corruption on Corporate Insolvencies in the Central and Eastern Europe Countries. Calitatea, 20(S2), 408–415.

Munyai, A., & Agbor, A. A. (2020). Delineating the role of foreign governments in the fight against corruption in Africa. Cogent Social Sciences, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1778988

Muralidharan, K., Das, J., Holla, A., & Mohpal, A. (2017). The fiscal cost of weak governance: Evidence from teacher absence in India. Journal Of Public Economics, 145, 116–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.11.005

Muralidharan, Karthik, Niehaus, P., & Sukhtankar, S. (2016). Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India. American Economic Review, 106(10), 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346

Muralidharan, Karthik, & Sundararaman, V. (2011). Teacher Performance Pay: Experimental Evidence from India. Journal of Political Economy, 119(1), 39–77. https://doi.org/10.1086/659655

Muratbekova-Touron, M., & Umbetalijeva, T. (2019a). Human Resource Management Patterns

469 

 

of (Anti) Corruption Mechanisms within Informal Networks. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 38(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.5840/bpej201961880

Muratbekova-Touron, M., & Umbetalijeva, T. (2019b). Human Resource Management Patterns of (Anti) Corruption Mechanisms within Informal Networks. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 38(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.5840/bpej201961880

Murphy, K. M., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1993). Why is rent-seeking so costly to growth? American Economic Review, 83(2), 409–414.

Murphy, M. J. (1995). International bribery: An example of an unfair trade practice? Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 21(2), 385–424.

Murray, C. K., & Frijters, P. (2015). Clean Money in a Dirty System: Relationship Networks and Land Rezoning in Queensland (IZA Discussion Paper No. 9028). Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp9028.html

Murray, C. K., Frijters, P., & Schaffner, M. (2017). Is Transparency an Anti-Corruption Myth? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2949119). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2949119

Murray, C. K., Frijters, P., & Vorster, M. (2017). The back-scratching game. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 142, 494–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.07.018

Murtazashvili, J. (2015). Gaming the state: Consequences of contracting out state building in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey, 34(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2015.1014162

Musa, P., Meso, P., & Mbarika, V. (2005). Toward Sustainable Adoption of Technologies for Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Precursors, Diagnostics, and Prescriptions. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 15, 1.

Musaraj, S. (2018). Corruption, Right On!: Hidden Cameras, Cynical Satire, and Banal Intimacies of Anti-corruption. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S105–S116. https://doi.org/10.1086/696162

Musila, Jacob W. (2013). Does Democracy Have a Different Impact on Corruption in Africa? Journal of African Business, 14(3), 162–170.

Musila, Jacob W. (2019). Anticorruption Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Experience and Ingredients of a Successful Strategy. Journal of African Business, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2019.1583980

Musila, Jacob Wanjala, & Sigué, S. P. (2010). Corruption and International Trade: An Empirical Investigation of African Countries. World Economy, 33(1), 129–146.

470 

 

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01208.x

Mustapha, M. & others. (2010). Corruption in Nigeria: Conceptual and empirical notes. Information, Society and Justice Journal, 3(2), 165–175.

Mutalib, H. M. (2017). The other side of Malaysia’s enviable economic and multiethnic stability: The obstinate resilience of “money politics.” Asian Ethnicity, 18(1), 54–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2015.1038777

Mutascu, M. (2010). Corruption, Social Welfare, Culture and Religion in European Union 27. Transition Studies Review, 16(4), 908–917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11300-009-0118-6

Mutebi, A. M. (2008). Explaining the Failure of Thailand’s Anti‐corruption Regime. Development and Change, 39(1), 147–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2008.00472.x

Muzila, L. (2012). On the take: Criminalizing illicit enrichment to fight corruption. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.

Mwanahewa, S. A. (2006). Bribery: An Exploration of Uganda Perspectives. Ethics & Economics, 4(2). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41202881_Bribery_An_Exploration_of_Uganda_Perspectives

Mwangi, M., Njuguna, A., & Achoki, G. (2019). Relationship between corruption and capital flight in Kenya: 1998-2018. International Journal of Research In Business and Social Science, 8(5), 237–250. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v8i5.318

Myers, R. E. I. (2012). Who Watches the Watchers in Public Corruption Cases? University of Chicago Legal Forum, 2012, 13–463.

Myerson, R. B. (1993). Effectiveness of Electoral Systems for Reducing Government Corruption: A Game-Theoretic Analysis. Games and Economic Behavior, 5(1), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.1006/game.1993.1006

Myerson, R. B. (2006). Bipolar Multicandidate Elections with Corruption. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 108(4), 727–742. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2006.00469.x

Myint. (2002). Corruption: Causes, Consequences and Cures. Journal of the Social Sciences, 30(2), 257–284.

Myklebust, J. P. (2020). Rigging of Academic Positions in the Most Democratic Country in the World. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 57–64). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000011.xml

Myles, G. D., & Yousefi, H. (2015). Corruption and Seigniorage. Journal of Public Economic

471 

 

Theory, 17(4), 480–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12119

Myles, G. D., & Yousefi, H. (2020). Corruption as an Occupational Choice: Endogenous Corruption and Tax Policy. Southern Economic Journal, 86(4), 1446–1474. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12421

Myrdal, G. (1968). Corruption—Its Causes and Effects. In Asian drama: An inquiry into the poverty of nations. (pp. 937–958). Pantheon.

Na, K., Kang, Y.-H., & Kim, Y. S. (2018). The Effect of Corporate Governance on the Corruption of Firms in BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India & China). Social Sciences, 7(6), <xocs:firstpage xmlns:xocs=""/>. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7060085

Nabaho, L., & Turyasingura, W. (2019). Battling Academic Corruption in Higher Education: Does External Quality Assurance (EQA) Offer a Ray of Hope? Higher Learning Research Communications, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v9i1.449

Nabin, M., & Bose, G. (2008). Partners in crime: Collusive corruption and search. B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 8(1).

Nadakavukaren Schefer, K. (2010). Causation in the Corruption ? Human Rights Relationship. Rechtswissenschaft, 1(4), 397–425. https://doi.org/10.5771/1868-8098-2010-4-397

Nadeau-Séguin, S. (2013). Commercial Arbitration and Corrupt Practices: Should Arbitrators Be Bound By A Duty to Report Corrupt Practices? Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1963

Nadipuram, A. (n.d.). Is the OECD the Answer? It’s Only Part of the Solution. Journal of Corporation Law, 38, 635–657.

Nagavarapu, S., & Sekhri, S. (2016). Informal monitoring and enforcement mechanisms in public service delivery: Evidence from the public distribution system in India. Journal of Development Economics; J.Dev.Econ., 121(Journal Article), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.01.006

Nageri, K. I., & Gunu, U. (2020). Corruption and Ease of Doing Business: Evidence from ECOWAS. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae. Economics and Business, 8(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.2478/auseb-2020-0002

Nagin, D. S., & Pogarsky, G. (2003). An Experimental Investigation of Deterrence: Cheating, Self-Serving Bias, and Impulsivity. Criminology, 41(1), 167–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00985.x

Nagle, L. E. (2010). Corruption of politicians, law enforcement, and the judiciary in Mexico and complicity across the border. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 21(1), 95–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592310903561544

472 

 

Naidoo, L., Naidoo, V., & Ambe, M. (2017). Open Contracting: A new frontier for information disclosure in public procurement. Public and Municipal Finance, 6(1), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.21511/pmf.06(1).2017.03

Naidoo, V. (2013). The politics of anti-corruption enforcement in South Africa. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 31(4), 523–542.

Naidu, S., & Chand, A. (2014). Exploring the relationship between freedom from corruption and business governance in the Oceania region. Quality and Quantity, 48(6), 3489–3509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9969-3

Naim, M. (2005). Bad medicine: The war on corruption is leaving the world worse than we found it. Foreign Policy, 147, 96.

Najih, M., & Wiryani, F. (2020). Learning the Social Impact of Corruption: A Study of Legal Policy and Corruption Prevention in Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 11(4), 175–189.

Nakahara, S. (2015). Light in the darkness: Understanding the future directions of organizational corruption. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 18(1), 104.

Nakayama, Y. (2006). The Development of Political Clientalism in 20th-Century France: Party Networks and Patterns of ‘Voter Loyalization.’ In Junʼichi Kawata, Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 171–200). Ashgate.

Nana, C. N. (2013). West Africa: The Actions of the OHADA Arbitral Tribunal in the Face of Corruption. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1961

Nannicini, T., Stella, A., Tabellini, G., & Troiano, U. (2010). Social capital and political accountability [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1622136

Napal, G. (2006). An assessment of the ethical dimensions of corruption. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 11(1), 5–9.

Nappert, S. (2012). Nailing Corruption: Thoughts for a Gardener – A Comment on World Duty Free Company Ltd v. The Republic of Kenya. In P. Wautelet, T. Kruger, & G. Coppens, The practice of arbitration: Essays in honour of Hans Van Houtte. Portland, Or; Hart Pub.

Nas, T. F. (1986). A policy-oriented theory of corruption. American Political Science Review, 80(1), 107–119.

Nasarre, C. a. S. (2013). International Commercial Arbitration and Corruption: The Role and Duties of the Arbitrator. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3).

473 

 

https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1965

Nasuti, P. (n.d.). The Determinants of Anti-Corruption Reform in the Republic of Georgia [Working Paper]. Retrieved July 5, 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265742011_The_Determinants_of_Anti-Corruption_Reform_in_the_Republic_of_Georgia

Nasuti, P. (2016). Administrative Cohesion and Anti-Corruption Reforms in Georgia and Ukraine. Europe - Asia Studies, 68(5), 847–867. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2016.1192107

Naudé, W. A. (2004). The Effects of Policy, Institutions and Geography on Economic Growth in Africa: An Econometric Study Based on Cross-section and Panel Data. Journal of International Development, 16(6), 821–849.

Naudé, W. A., & Krugell, W. F. (2007). Investigating geography and institutions as determinants of foreign direct investment in Africa using panel data. Applied Economics, 39(10), 1223–1233. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840600567686

Navarro, N. C. (2006). Fighting Corruption The Peruvian Experience. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 4(3), 488–509. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mql034

Navot, D. (2016). Real Politics and the Concept of Political Corruption. Political Studies Review, 14(4), 544–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12079

Navot, D., Reingewertz, Y., & Cohen, N. (2016). Speed or Greed? High Wages and Corruption Among Public Servants. Administration & Society, 48(5), 580–601. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399715623313

Navot, Doron. (2014). The Concept of Political Corruption. Public Integrity, 16(4), 357–374. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922160403

Navot, Doron, & Beeri, I. (2017). Conceptualization of Political Corruption, Perceptions of Corruption, and Political Participation in Democracies. Lex Localis, 15(2), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.4335/15.2.199-219(2017)

Navot, Doron, & Beeri, I. (2018). The public’s conception of political corruption: A new measurement tool and preliminary findings. European Political Science: EPS, 17(1), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-016-0079-2

Navot, Doron, & Cohen, N. (2015). How policy entrepreneurs reduce corruption in Israel. Governance, 28(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12074

Nawawi, A. (2018). Whistle blowing intentions – evidence from Malaysian PLC. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(5), 1111–1125. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-04-2017-0096

474 

 

Nawaz, S. (2015). Growth effects of institutions: A disaggregated analysis. Economic Modelling, 45(Journal Article), 118.

Nayeri, R. (2014). No longer the sleeping dog, the FCPA is awake and ready to bite: Analysis of the increased FCPA enforcements, the implications, and recommendations for reform. New York International Law Review, 27, 73-.

Ncube, L. (2017). Sports Journalists and Corruption in Zimbabwean Football: Reflections on the Asiagate Scandal. Communicatio, 43(3–4), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/02500167.2017.1385499

Ndaguba, E. A., Ndaguba, O. J., Tshiyoyo, M. M., & Shai, K. B. (2018). Rethinking corruption in contemporary African philosophy: Old wine cannot fit. The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 14(1), e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v14i1.465

Ndangam, L. N. (2006). ‘Gombo’: Bribery and the corruption of journalism ethics in Cameroon. Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, 27(2), 179–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/02560054.2006.9653350

Ndedi, A., & Mua, K. K. (2015). The Role of Forensic Investigation Professionals in the Prevention of Fraud and Corruption in Developing Countries (Working Paper ID 2545274). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2545274

Ndikumana, Leonce. (2007). Corruption and Pro-Poor Growth Outcomes: Evidence and Lessons for African Countries. In AERC Senior Policy Seminar & African Economic Research Consortium (Eds.), Governance and pro-poor growth in sub-Saharan Africa (pp. 184–219). African Economic Research Consortium.

Ndikumana, Léonce. (2013). The Private Sector as Culprit and Victim of Corruption in Africa [Working Paper]. Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:uma:periwp:wp330

Ndikumana, Léonce, & Boyce, J. K. (2003). Public Debts and Private Assets: Explaining Capital Flight from Sub-Saharan African Countries. World Development, 31(1), 107–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00181-X

Ndulu, B. J., & O’Connell, S. A. (1999). Governance and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13(3), 41–66. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.13.3.41

Neal, M., Finlay, J., Karkoulian, S., Catana, D., & Pellegrino, R. (2015). How Business Students View Corruption, and Why This Should Concern Us: Insights from Lebanon, Romania and the United States. Tertiary Education and Management, 21(2), 140–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2015.1036109

475 

 

Neal, M. W., & Tansey, R. (2010). The dynamics of effective corrupt leadership: Lessons from Rafik Hariri’s political career in Lebanon. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.10.003

Neanidis, K., Rana, M., & Blackburn, K. (2017). An empirical analysis of organized crime, corruption and economic growth. Annals of Finance, 13(3), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10436-017-0299-7

Near, J. P., Rehg, M. T., Van Scotter, J. R., & Miceli, M. P. (2004). Does type of wrongdoing affect the whistle-blowing process? Business Ethics Quarterly, 14(2), 219.

Neeman, Z., Paserman, M., & Simhon, A. (2008). Corruption and openness. B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 8(1).

Negin, V., Abd Rashid, Z., & Nikopour, H. (2010). The Causal Relationship between Corruption and Poverty: A Panel Data Analysis [MPRA Paper]. University Library of Munich, Germany. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/24871.htm

Negro, I. (2015). “Corruption is Dirt”: Metaphors for Political Corruption in the Spanish Press. Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, 92(3), 213–238. https://doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2015.15

Neild, R. R. (2002). Public corruption: The dark side of social evolution. Anthem.

Neiva de Figueiredo, J. (2013). Are corruption levels accurately identified? The case of U.S. states. Journal of Policy Modeling, 35(1), 134–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2012.01.006

Nekovee, M., & Pinto, J. (2019). Modeling the impact of organization structure and whistle-blowers on intra-organizational corruption contagion. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 522, 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.01.140

Nel, P. (2019). When bribery helps the poor. Review of Social Economy, 78(4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2019.1618482

Neli Kouneva-Loewenthal & Goran Vojvodic. (2012). Corruption and its Effect on Foreign Direct Investment in the Energy Sector of Emerging and Developing Economies. In New Policy Challenges for European Multinationals (Vol. 7, pp. 339–363). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-8862(2012)0000007017

Nelken, D., & Levi, M. (1996). The Corruption of Politics and the Politics of Corruption: An Overview. Journal of Law and Society, 23(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/1410464

Nell, M. (2008a). Contracts Induced by Means of Bribery: Should they be Void or Valid? [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc].

476 

 

Nell, M. (2008b). Strategic Aspects of Voluntary Disclosure Programs for Corruption Offences: Towards a Design of Good Practice [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc].

Nelson, M. A. (2013). Corruption and the size of local governments: Are they related? In S. Lago-Penas & J. Martinez-Vazquez (Eds.), The Challenge of Local Government Size: Theoretical Perspectives, International Experience and Policy Reform (pp. 83–120). Edward Elgar.

Nemeroff, M. A. (2006). The Limited Role of Campaign Finance Laws in Reducing Corruption by Elected Public Officials. Howard Law Journal, 49(3), 687–715.

Németh, E., Körmendi, G., & Kiss, B. (2011). Corruption and Publicity. Public Finance Quarterly, 56(1), 58–66.

Neoh, A. (2010). An Impartial and Uncorrupted Civil Service: Hong Kong’s Fight Against Corruption in the Past 35 Years. In C. F. Forsyth, Effective judicial review: A cornerstone of good governance. Oxford University Press.

Nesbit, J. B. (1998). Transnational bribery of foreign officials: A new threat to the future of democracy. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 31(5), 1273.

Nesti, L. (2014). The 2010 “Agreement on Mutual Enforcement of Debarrment Decisions” and Its Impact for the Fight against Fraud and Corruption in Public Procurement. Journal of Public Procurement, 14(1), 62–95.

Neu, D., Everett, J., & Rahaman, A. S. (2013). Internal Auditing and Corruption within Government: The Case of the Canadian Sponsorship Program. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(3), 1223–1250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01195.x

Neu, D., Everett, J., & Rahaman, A. S. (2014). Preventing corruption within government procurement: Constructing the disciplined and ethical subject. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2014.03.012

Neu, D., Everett, J., Shiraz Rahaman, A., & Martinez, D. (2013). Accounting and networks of corruption [Post-Print]. HAL. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/haljournl/hal-00980294.htm

Neudorfer, B., & Neudorfer, N. S. (2015). Decentralization and Political Corruption: Disaggregating Regional Authority. Publius, 45(1), 24.

Neudorfer, N. S. (2015). Development, democracy and corruption: How poverty and lack of political rights encourage corruption. 35(3), 421–457. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X14000282

Neudorfer, N. S. (2016). Gender and Graft: A Political Economy Argument about the Influence of Working Women on Political Corruption. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 37(2),

477 

 

190–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554477X.2016.1153337

Neudorfer, N. S. (2018). Commodities and corruption – How the middle class and democratic institutions lead to less corruption in resource-rich countries. Resources Policy, <xocs:firstpage xmlns:xocs=""/>. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.05.003

Neudorfer, N. S., & Theuerkauf, U. G. (2014). Buying War Not Peace: The Influence of Corruption on the Risk of Ethnic War. Comparative Political Studies, 47(13), 1856–1886. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013516919

Neumayer, E. (2002). Is Good Governance Rewarded? A Cross-national Analysis of Debt Forgiveness. World Development, 30(6), 913–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00018-9

Neumayer, E. (2003). The Determinants of Aid Allocation by Regional Multilateral Development Banks and United Nations Agencies. International Studies Quarterly, 47(1), 101–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2478.4701005

Neupane, A., Soar, J., & Vaidya, K. (2012a). Evaluating the anti-corruption capabilities of public e-procurement in developing countries. EJISDC: The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, 55. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=5061692

Neupane, A., Soar, J., & Vaidya, K. (2012b). The potential of e-procurement technology for reducing corruption. Int. J. of Information Technology and Management, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJITM.2012.049997

Neupane, A., Soar, J., & Vaidya, K. (2014). An Empirical Evaluation Of The Potential Of Public E-Procurement To Reduce Corruption. Ajis: Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v18i2.780

Neupane, A., Soar, J., Vaidya, K., & Yong, J. (2014). Willingness to adopt e-procurement to reduce corruption. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 8(4), 500.

Neverova, E. G., & Malafeyef, O. A. (2015). A Model of Interaction between Anticorruption Authority and Corruption Groups. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1648(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4912671

Neville, F., Byron, K., Post, C., & Ward, A. (2019). Board Independence and Corporate Misconduct: A Cross-National Meta-Analysis. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2538–2569. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318801999

Newbury, C. (2016). The Semantics of Corruption: Political Science Perspectives on Imperial and Post-Imperial Methods of State-Building. Journal Of Imperial And Commonwealth History; J.Imp.Commonw.Hist., 44(1), 163–194.

478 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2015.1123544

Nezlek, J., Newman, D., Schütz, A., Baumeister, R., Schug, J., Joshanloo, M., Lopes, P., Alt, N., Cypryańska, M., Depietri, M., Gorbaniuk, O., Huguet, P., Kafetsios, K., Koydemir, S., Kuppens, P., Park, S., Schaafsma, J., Simunovic, D., & Yokota, K. (2019). An international survey of perceptions of the 2014 FIFA World Cup: National levels of corruption as a context for perceptions of institutional corruption. PLoS One, 14(9), e0222492. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222492

Ng, D. (2006). The impact of corruption on financial markets. Managerial Finance, 32(10), 822–836. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074350710688314

Ng, D., Qian, K., & Dix, A. (2008). CORRUPTION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY. Corporate Ownership and Control, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv5i3c2p6

Ngendakuriyo, F., & Zaccour, G. (2017). Should civil society organizations cooperate or compete in fighting a corrupt government? Mathematical Social Sciences, 85, 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2016.11.001

Ngira, D. O. (2015). Accelerating the ‘War’ Against Corruption: A Sociological Perspective. (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2671373). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2671373

Ngo, T.-W. (2008). Rent-seeking and economic governance in the structural nexus of corruption in China. Crime, Law and Social Change, 49(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-007-9089-x

Ngo, T.-W. (2009). Rent Seeking under the Licensing State: The Institutional Sources of Economic Corruption in China. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma, Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge.

Ngobo, P. V., & Fouda, M. (2012). Is ‘Good’ governance good for business? A cross-national analysis of firms in African countries. Journal of World Business, 47(3), 435–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2011.05.010

Ngumbi, E. (2019). Viability of Lifestyle Audits as an Anti-Corruption Strategy in Kenya: A Critical Assessment of the Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3600509

Ngumbi, E. (2020). Reconstructing the Elusive Fight against Corruption in Africa: The Quest to Re-characterize Political Corruption As an International Crime. International Journal of Business And Management, 8(2), 98–106.

Ngumbi, E., & Owiny, P. (2020). From Paper to Practice: Enhancing Public Sector

479 

 

Accountability in Africa through Reform of Wealth Declaration Systems. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3579514

Nguyen, C. V. (2019). Problems of developing and transition economies. The International Trade Journal, 33(1), 80–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2018.1523762

Nguyen, N., Doan, Q., & Tran-Nam, B. (2016). The impact of petty corruption on firm innovation in Vietnam. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 377–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9610-1

Nguyen, N. H., Phan, H. V., & Simpson, T. (2020). Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions. Journal of Corporate Finance (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101765

Nguyen, Q. (2017). Do Natural Disasters Open a Window of Opportunity for Corruption? The Journal of Development Studies, 53(1), 156–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1187724

Nguyen, T. A. N., & Luong, T. T. H. (2020). Corruption, Shadow Economy and Economic Growth: Evidence from Emerging and Developing Asian Economies. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 16(4), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2020.16-4.7

Nguyen, T. D. (2019). Does firm growth increase corruption? Evidence from an instrumental variable approach. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00160-x

Nguyen, T. V., Bach, T. N., Le, T. Q., & Le, C. Q. (2017). Local governance, corruption, and public service quality: Evidence from a national survey in Vietnam. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 30(2), 137–153.

Nguyen, T. V., Le, N. T. B., Dinh, H. L. H., & Pham, H. T. L. (2020a). Do entrepreneurial firms suffer more from bribery? An empirical study of businesses in Vietnam. Post-Communist Economies, 32(7), 877–903. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722585

Nguyen, T. V., Le, N. T. B., Dinh, H. L. H., & Pham, H. T. L. (2020b). Greasing, rent-seeking bribes and firm growth: Evidence from garment and textile firms in Vietnam. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 74(3), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-020-09893-3

Nguyen, Thang, Ho, B., Le, C., & Nguyen, H. (2016). Strategic and transactional costs of corruption: Perspectives from Vietnamese firms. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 351–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9609-7

Nguyen, Thuy, & van Dijk, M. (2012). Corruption, growth, and governance: Private vs. state-owned firms in Vietnam. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(11), 2935–2948.

Nguyen, V.-H. (2009). Social Interactions and the Spread of Corruption: Evidence from the

480 

 

Health Sector of Vietnam. In Empirical essays in health economics (pp. 4–48). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. http://search.proquest.com/docview/607045670/

Ni, S., & Van, P. H. (2006). High corruption income in Ming and Qing China. Journal of Development Economics, 81(2), 316–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.05.004

Ni, W., Sutrisno, S., Nurkholis, N., & Andayani, W. (2019). Fraud triangle in public procurement: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(4), 951–968. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2018-0121

Niaz, I. (2014). Corruption and the Bureaucratic Elite in Pakistan: The 1960s and 1970s Revisited. 24(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186313000631

Nicaise, G. (2019). Local power dynamics and petty corruption in Burundi. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 13(4), 698–717. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2019.1655880

Nice, D. (1986). The policy consequences of political corruption. Political Behavior, 8(3), 287–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01002102

Nice, D. C. (1983). Political Corruption in the American States. American Politics Quarterly, 11(4), 507–517. https://doi.org/10.1177/004478083011004007

Nichilo, B. (2011). Honest services fraud: Constancy in change. Temple Law Review, 83(4), 1065–1095.

Nichols, P. (1996). Corruption in the World Trade Organization: Discerning the Limits of the World Trade Organization’s Authority. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 28(4), 711.

Nichols, P. (1997). Outlawing transnational bribery through the World Trade Organization. Law and Policy in International Business, 28(2), 305–381.

Nichols, P. (1999). Are extraterritorial restrictions on bribery a viable and desirable international policy goal under the global conditions of the late twentieth century? Increasing global security by controlling transnational bribery. Michigan Journal of International Law, 20(3), 451–476.

Nichols, P. (2009). Multiple Communities and Controlling Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(4), 805–813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0320-9

Nichols, P., & Dowden, P. (2018). Maximizing stakeholder trust as a tool for controlling corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9767-2

Nichols, P. M. (1999). Regulating transnational bribery in times of globalization and fragmentation. The Yale Journal of International Law, 24(1), 257–303.

481 

 

Nichols, P. M. (2000). The myth of anti-bribery laws as transnational intrusion. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 627.

Nichols, P. M. (2001). The fit between changes to the international corruption regime and indigenous perceptions of corruption in Kazakhstan. Journal of International Economic Law, 22(4), 863–973.

Nichols, P. M. (2004). Corruption as an assurance problem. American University International Law Review, 19(6), 1037–1349.

Nichols, P. M. (2011). The perverse effect of campaign contribution limits: Reducing the allowable amounts increases the likelihood of corruption in the federal legislature. American Business Law Journal : The Official Publication of the American Business Law Association, 48(1), 77–118.

Nichols, P. M. (2012a). The Business Case for Complying with Bribery Laws. American Business Law Journal, 49(2), 325–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2012.01134.x

Nichols, P. M. (2012b). The psychic costs of violating corruption laws. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 45(1), 145.

Nichols, P. M. (2012c). United States v. Lazarenko: The trial and conviction of two former Prime Ministers of Ukraine. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 41–89.

Nichols, P. M. (2016). The neomercantilist fallacy and the contextual reality of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Harvard Journal on Legislation, 53(1), 203–246.

Nichols, P. M., Siedel, G. J., & Kasdin, M. (2004). Corruption as a pan-cultural phenomenon: An empirical study in countries at opposite ends of the former Soviet empire. Texas International Law Journal, 39(2), 215–256.

Nicholson, P. (2002). The Vietnamese Courts and Corruption. In Timothy Lindsey & H. W. Dick (Eds.), Corruption in Asia: Rethinking the governance paradigm. Federation Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P0sz_EvRLu8C&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=%E2%80%9CThe+Vietnamese+Courts+and+Corruption%E2%80%9D,+in+T.+Lindsey+%26+H.+Dick,+eds.+Corruption+in+Asia:+Rethinking+the+Governance+Paradigm&ots=nxJnN_5oKV&sig=CvdZA5kMcaalD0thKwkg_idgQmE

Nichter, S. (2008). Vote Buying or Turnout Buying? Machine Politics and the Secret Ballot. American Political Science Review, 102(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080106

Nichter, S. (2011). Electoral Clientelism or Relational Clientelism? Healthcare and Sterilization in Brazil (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1903104). Social Science Research Network.

482 

 

http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1903104

Nichter, S. (2014). Conceptualizing vote buying. Electoral Studies, 35, 315–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.02.008

Niehaus, P., Atanassova, A., Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2013). Targeting with Agents. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 5(1), 206–238. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.5.1.206

Niehaus, P., & Sukhtankar, S. (2013a). Corruption Dynamics: The Golden Goose Effect. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 5(4), 230–269. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.5.4.230

Niehaus, P., & Sukhtankar, S. (2013b). The marginal rate of corruption in public programs: Evidence from India. Journal of Public Economics, 104, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.05.001

Nielsen, R. (2000). The politics of long-term corruption reform: A combined social movement and action-learning approach. Business Ethics Quarterly, 10(1), 305–318.

Nielsen, R. (2003). Corruption networks and implications for ethical corruption reform. Journal of Business Ethics, 42(2), 125–149.

Nielsen, R., & Ballas, A. (2000). The Politics of Resisting and Reforming Systematic Extortion by Tax Auditors-inspectors. Business Ethics: A European Review, 9(2), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00177

Nieto, N. (2014). Corruption in Mexico: A Historical Legacy. Social Science Diliman, 10(1), 101–116.

Nieva, R. (2018). Corruption and paradoxes in alliances. Economics of Governance, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-018-0213-4

Nigrini, M. (2019). The patterns of the numbers used in occupational fraud schemes. Managerial Auditing Journal, 34(5), 602–622. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-11-2017-1717

Nikolaev, P. (2014). Corruption Suppression Models: The Role of Inspectors’ Moral Level. Computational Mathematics and Modeling, 25(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10598-013-9210-1

Nikolova, E., & Marinov, N. (2017). Do Public Fund Windfalls Increase Corruption? Evidence From a Natural Disaster. Comparative Political Studies, 50(11), 1455–1488. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414016679109

Nilsson. (2008). Asymmetric effects of corruption on FDI: Evidence from Swedish multinational firms. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(4), 627–642.

483 

 

Nisha, C. (2015). Corruption in the health sector; ethical response. International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management, 3(5), 16.

Nishizaki, Y. (2005). The moral origin of Thailand’s provincial strongman: The case of Banharn Silpa-archa. South East Asia Research, 13(2), 184–234.

Nitschka, T. (2018). Did China’s anti-corruption campaign affect the risk premium on stocks of global luxury goods firms? IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. http://search.proquest.com/docview/2069695668/?pq-origsite=primo

Nivette, A. E., & Akoensi, T. D. (2017). Determinants of satisfaction with police in a developing country: A randomised vignette study. Policing and Society, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2017.1380643

Nkyabonaki, J. (2019). Effectiveness of the Public Service Code of Ethics in Controlling Corrupt Behaviour in The Public Service: Opinion from the Grassroots at Toangoma Ward-Temeke Municipal Council. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 54(8), 1195–1212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619862835

Noble, R. (2006). Interpol’s Role in the World’s Fight Against Corruption. In M. Kreutner, The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 265-276.). Czernin.

Nolan, B. (1992). Public Interest, Private Income: Conflicts and Control Limits on the Outside Income of Government Officials. Northwestern University Law Review, 87(1), 57.

Noller, L. M. (2012). A modest practitioner proposal: Striking a balance in whistleblower lawsuits. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 129–150.

Noonan, J. T. (1984). Bribes. Macmillan ; London.

Norad. (n.d.). Joint evaluation of support to anti-corruption efforts: 2002-2009. Retrieved July 7, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/joint-evaluation-of-support-to-anti-corruption-efforts-2002-2009/

Normala, M. A. (2015). Combatting corruption: Understanding anti-corruption initiatives in Malaysia. By Anis Yusal Yusoff, Sri Murniati, and Jenny Gryzelius. Intellectual Discourse, 23(1).

Norris, Pippa. (2012). Making democratic governance work: How regimes shape prosperity, welfare, and peace. Cambridge University Press.

Norris, Pippa. (2014). Watchdog Journalism (By M. Bovens, R. E. Goodin, & T. Schillemans). Oxford University Press. http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641253.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199641253-e-015

484 

 

Norris, Pippa, & Nai, A. (2017). Election watchdogs: Transparency, accountability and integrity. Oxford University Press.

North, C. M., Orman, W. H., & Gwin, C. R. (2013). Religion, Corruption, and the Rule of Law. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 45(5), 757–779. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12024

Norton, P. (2006). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Dilemma. The China Business Review, 33(6), 22-27,39.

Novotná, Z., & Laputková, A. (2016). Evaluation of the Quality of Governance in African Countries using Aggregate Indicators. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(2). http://search.proquest.com/openview/9f8178bf540a21663ce0d7d47438006d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=816338

Nowrousian, B. (2019). Combatting public procurement criminality or simple rules for complex cases. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2017-0114

Ntayi, J., Ngoboka, P., & Kakooza, C. (2013). Moral Schemas and Corruption in Ugandan Public Procurement. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), 417–436.

Nte, N. D. (2011). Police corruption and the national security challenge in Nigeria: A study of Rivers State Police Command. International Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1), 545–575.

Nugent, D. (2018). Corruption Now and Then: Managing Threats to the Nation in Twentieth-Century Peru. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S28–S36. https://doi.org/10.1086/695830

Nugraha, I. W. Y. (2013). The Impact of Corruption and Money Laundering on Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 6(2). https://doaj.org/article/adcdd0609e7941bf82a7e48aeb7558a6

Nugroho, H., Raharjo, A., & Pranoto. (2015). The Optimization Of Corruption Prevention Towards Indonesia Corruption-Free. Journal of Dinamika Hukum, 15(3), 239–244.

Numerato, D. (2016). Corruption and public secrecy: An ethnography of football match-fixing. Current Sociology, 64(5), 699–717. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392115599815

Nunan, F., Cepić, D., Yongo, E., Salehe, M., Mbilingi, B., Odongkara, K., Onyango, P., Mlahagwa, E., & Owili, M. (2018). Compliance, corruption and co-management: How corruption fuels illegalities and undermines the legitimacy of fisheries co-management. International Journal of the Commons, 12(2), 58–79. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.827

Nunkoo, R., Ribeiro, M. A., Sunnassee, V., & Gursoy, D. (2018). Public trust in mega event

485 

 

planning institutions: The role of knowledge, transparency and corruption. Tourism Management, 66, 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.11.010

Nurgaliyev, B., Ualiyev, K., & Simonovich, B. (2015). Police Corruption in Kazakhstan: The Preliminary Results of the Study. Review of European Studies, 7(3), 140–148.

Nurhidayat, I., & Kusumasari, B. (2018). Strengthening the effectiveness of whistleblowing system. Journal of Financial Crime, 25(1), 140–154.

Nurhidayat, I., & Kusumasari, B. (2019). Why would whistleblowers dare to reveal wrongdoings? International Journal of Law and Management, 61(3/4), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-11-2018-0253

Nuristani, S., & Vanhove, A. J. (2018). A Model of the Institutionalization of Corruption During the Rebuilding Process. Public Integrity, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1544018

Nur-Tegin, K. (2008). Determinants of business tax compliance. B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 8(1).

Nur-Tegin, K. (2013). Bribing behaviour by firm attributes: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Public Policy, 9(3), 231. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2013.055706

Nur-Tegin, K., & Czap, H. J. (2012). Corruption: Democracy, Autocracy, and Political Stability. Economic Analysis and Policy, 42(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(12)50004-4

Nur-Tegin, K., & Jakee, K. (2020). Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of development? New results based on disaggregated data. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 75, 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.02.001

Nuryyev, G., & Hickson, C. (2020). Economics of trickle-down corruption. International Journal of Development Issues, 19(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-09-2019-0164

Nwabuzor, A. (2005). Corruption and Development: New Initiatives in Economic Openness and Strengthened Rule of Law. Journal of Business Ethics, 59(1), 121–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3402-3

Nwapi, C. (2015). Corruption vulnerabilities in local content policies in the extractive sector: An examination of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act, 2010. Resources Policy, 46(Journal Article), 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.09.001

Nyamu,-Musembi. (2007). Gender and corruption in the administration of justice. In Transparency International, Global Corruption Report (pp. 121–128). Cambridge

486 

 

University Press. http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/25377719/gender-corruption-administration-justice

Nyblade, B., & Reed, S. R. (2008). Who Cheats? Who Loots? Political Competition and Corruption in Japan, 1947–1993. American Journal of Political Science, 52(4), 926–941. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00351.x

Nye Jr., J. S. (1967). Corruption and political development: A cost-benefit analysis. American Political Science Review, 61(2), 417–427.

Nyendu, M. (2017). Fighting the Cancer of Corruption and “Hostage-Taking” in the District Assemblies in Ghana. Journal Of Asian And African Studies, 52(2), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909615570956

Nyhan, B. (2017). Media Scandals Are Political Events: How Contextual Factors Affect Public Controversies over Alleged Misconduct by US Governors. Political Research Quarterly, 70(1), 223–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912916684034

Nyhan, Brendan. (2015). Scandal potential: How political context and news congestion affect the president’s vulnerability to media scandal. British Journal of Political Science, 45(2), 435–466.

Nyhan, Brendan. (2017). Media Scandals Are Political Events. Political Research Quarterly, 70(1), 223–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912916684034

Nyhan, Brendan, & Rehavi, M. M. (2013). Tipping the Scales? Testing for Political Influence on Public Corruption Prosecutions [Working Paper].

Nystrand, M. J. (2014). Petty and grand corruption and the conflict dynamics in Northern Uganda. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 821–835. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921432

Oarhe, O. (2014). Whither the ivory tower? Corruption and development of higher education in Nigeria. Africa Education Review, 11(3), 311.

Obaidy, Z. (2017). The power of access to information: How involving civil society in Afghanistan could support sustainable transparency and accountability to fight corruption. The Indonesian Journal of International & Comparative Law: Socio-Political Perspectives, 4(2), 317.

Obala, L. M., & Mattingly, M. (2014). Ethnicity, corruption and violence in urban land conflict in Kenya. Urban Studies, 51(13), 2735–2751. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013513650

Obamuyi, T., & Olayiwola, S. (2019). Corruption and economic growth in India and Nigeria. Journal of Economics & Management, 35, 80–105.

487 

 

https://doi.org/10.22367/jem.2019.35.05

Oberoi, R. (2014). Mapping the Matrix of Corruption: Tracking the Empirical Evidences and Tailoring Responses. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 49(2), 187–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909613479319

Obidzinski, K., & Kusters, K. (2015). Formalizing the Logging Sector in Indonesia: Historical Dynamics and Lessons for Current Policy Initiatives. Society & Natural Resources, 28(5), 530–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1014605

Obolo, I. A. O. (2013). Examining the Normative and Institutional Framework Put in Place to Fight Corruption in Nigeria (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2946301). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2946301

Obolonskii, A., & Barabashev, A. (2014). How to Clean Out the Augean Stable of Our Bureaucracy. Russian Politics & Law, 52(2), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.2753/RUP1061-1940520205

O’Brien, T. (2020). Corruption: An intractable issue. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 58(2), 250–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2020.1732607

Obydenkova, A., & Libman, A. (2015). Understanding the survival of post-Communist corruption in contemporary Russia: The influence of historical legacies. Post-Soviet Affairs, 31(4), 304–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2014.931683

Ocheje, P. D. (2001). Law and Social Change: A Socio-Legal Analysis of Nigeria’s Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Act, 2000. Journal of African Law, 45(2), 173–195.

Ocheje, P. D. (2002). Refocusing International Law on the Quest for Accountability in Africa: The Case Against the Other Impunity. Leiden Journal of International Law, 15(4), 749–779. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156502000341

Ocheje, P. D. (2018). Norms, law and social change: Nigeria’s anti-corruption struggle, 1999–2017. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(3), 363–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9736-9

Ocheni, S., & Nwankwo, B. C. (2012). The effectiveness of anti-corruption agencies in enhancing good governance and sustainable developmental growth in Africa: The Nigeria paradox under Obasanjo administration, 2003-2007.(Olusegun Obasanjo)(Report). Canadian Social Science, 8(3), 16.

Ochoa, R., & Graycar, A. (2016). Tackling Conflicts of Interest: Policy Instruments in Different Settings. Public Integrity, 18(1), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2015.1093398

Ochonu, M. E. (2011). Corruption and Political Culture in Africa: History, Meaning, and the

488 

 

Problem of Naming. The Law and Development Review, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.2202/1943-3867.1115

Ochrana, F., & Pavel, J. (2014). Analysis of the Impact of Transparency, Corruption, Openness in Competition and Tender Procedures on Public Procurement in the Czech Republic. Central European Journal of Public Policy, 7(2), 114–134.

Ochulor, L. C. (2011). Ethical and moral implications of corruption. Canadian Social Science, 7(5), 223.

Ockey, J. (2003). Change and Continuity in the Thai Political Party System. Asian Survey, 43(4), 663–680. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2003.43.4.663

O’Connor, S., & Fischer, R. (2012). Predicting Societal Corruption Across Time. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(4), 644–659. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111402344

Oded, S. (2016). Coughing up executives or rolling the dice? Individual accountability for corporate corruption. Yale Law & Policy Review, 35(1), 86.

Oded, S. (2020). The DOJs Anti-Piling On Policy: Time to reflect? Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00018.xml

Odemba, A. S. (2012). Corruption in sub‐Saharan Africa: A phenomenological study. Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture, 3(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpoc.20093

O’Donnell. (2008). Corruption: A Rule of Law Agenda? In A. G. Hurwitz & R. Huang, Civil war and the rule of law: Security, development, human rights. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Odumosu, I. T. (2011). International Investment Arbitration and Corruption Claims: An Analysis of World Duty Free v. Kenya. The Law and Development Review, 4(3), 88–129. https://doi.org/10.2202/1943-3867.1118

Oduor, J. A. (2014). Left out of the bargain: Settlements in foreign bribery cases and implications for asset recovery. The World Bank, 2014.

OECD, & African Development Bank. (2012). Stocktaking of Business Integrity and Anti-Bribery Legislation, Policies and Practices in Twenty African Countries. OECD Publishing.

OECD/StAR. (2012). Identification and Quantification of the Proceeds of Bribery: A joint OECD-StAR analysis—OECD. http://www.oecd.org/corruption/identificationandquantificationoftheproceedsofbriberyajointoecd-staranalysis.htm

489 

 

O’Fallon, M., & Butterfield, K. (2005). A Review of The Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 1996–2003. Journal of Business Ethics, 59(4), 375–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-2929-7

Offe, C. (2004). Political Corruption. Conceptual and Practical Issues. In Susan Rose-Ackerman, Building a trustworthy state in post-socialist transition (1st ed., pp. 77–99). Palgrave Macmillan.

Offer, A. (1996). Between the gift and the market: The economy of regard. Economic History Review, 50, 450–476.

Ofori, J., & Lujala, P. (2015). Illusionary Transparency? Oil Revenues, Information Disclosure, and Transparency. Society & Natural Resources; Soc.Nat.Resour., 28(11), 1187–1202. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1024806

Ofosu-Amaah, W. P. (1999). Combating corruption: A comparative review of selected legal aspects of state practices and major international initiatives. World Bank.

Ogan, P. (1995). Predicting Noncompliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 14(1), 65–103.

Ogawa, A. (2006). Anti-Fraud Politics in the European Union: Multi-Level Disjuncture of Legitimacy and Effectiveness. In Junʼichi Kawata, Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 63–76). Ashgate.

Ogbuabor, J. E., Orji, A., Manasseh, C. O., & Anthony-Orji, O. I. (2020). Institutional Quality and Growth in West Africa: What Happened after the Great Recession? International Advances in Economic Research, 26(4), 343–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-020-09805-0

Öge, K. (2014). The Limits of Transparency Promotion in Azerbaijan: External Remedies to ‘Reverse the Curse.’ Europe-Asia Studies, 66(9), 1482–1500. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2014.956448

Oge, K. (2016). To disclose or not to disclose: How global competition for foreign direct investment influences transparency reforms in extractive industries. Energy Policy, 98, 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.08.019

Öge, K. (2016). Which transparency matters? Compliance with anti- corruption efforts in extractive industries. Resources Policy, 49(Journal Article), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.04.001

Ogun, O. (2018). Corruption and Growth: The Productivity Growth Nexus. Singapore Economic Review, 63(5), 1227–1244. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590816500016

Ogun, Oluremi. (2014). Corruption and Long-run Growth: A Framework. International

490 

 

Advances in Economic Research, 20(2), 245–246.

Ogungbamila, B., & Bola Udegbe, I. (2014). Gender Differences in the Effects of Perception of Organizational Injustice on Workplace Reactivity. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 10(1), 150–167. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i1.575

Ogunlana, O. F., Bakare, I. A. O., & Omobitan, O. A. (2016). Government Spending, Corruption and Output Growth in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 12(16), 291–312.

Ogunmuyiwa, H. O., & Antia, B. E. (2020). Corruption in a diachronic corpus of Nigerian presidential speeches. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 38(2), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2020.1763813

Ogunniyi, A. I., Mavrotas, G., Olagunju, K. O., Fadare, O., & Adedoyin, R. (2020). Governance quality, remittances and their implications for food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 127, 104752-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104752

Ogunyemi, A. O. (2016). Historical Evidence of Corruption in Colonial Nigeria: An Analysis of Financial Records in the Decolonisation Period, 1950–1960. 51(1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614541250

Ogunyemi, K. (2014). How extortion works (evidence from Nigeria): The extortion cycle. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 33(1).

Ogus, A. I. (2004). Corruption and Regulatory Structures. Law and Policy, 26, 329–346.

Ogwang, T., & Cho, D. (2014). A Conceptual Framework for Constructing a Corruption Diffusion Index. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1904-y

Oh, K.-S., & Ryu, Y.-S. (2019). FDI, Institutional Quality, and Bribery: An Empirical Examination in China. Sustainability, 11(15), 4023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154023

O’Hara, P. A. (2014). Political economy of systemic and micro-corruption throughout the world. Journal of Economic Issues, 48(2), 279.

O’Hara, P., & Sainato, V. A. (2015). Monetizing the police: Corruption vectors in agency-managed off-duty work. Policy and Society, 34(2), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.05.002

O’Higgens. (2006). Corruption, Underdevelopment, and Extractive Resource Industries: Addressing the Vicious Cycle. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(2), 235–254.

Ohnesorge, J. K. M. (1999). “Ratch”eting up the anti-corruption drive: Could a look at recent history cure a case of theory-determinism? Connecticut Journal of International Law,

491 

 

14(2), 467–473.

Ojeka, S., Adegboye, A., Adegboye, K., Umukoro, O., Dahunsi, O., & Ozordi, E. (2019). Corruption perception, institutional quality and performance of listed companies in Nigeria. Heliyon, 5(10), e02569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02569

Ojha, A., & Palvia, S. (2012). E-Government and the Fight Against Corruption: Conceptual Modeland Five Case Studies from India. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 14(4), 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2012.10845710

Ojha, A., Palvia, S., & Gupta, M. P. (2008). A Model for Impact of E-Government on Corruption: Exploring Theoretical Foundations. In Critical Thinking in Governance (pp. 160–170).

Ojo, E. (2016). Underdevelopment in Africa: Theories and Facts. The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 41(1), 89–103.

Ojo, J. S. (2019). Weep for the One Who Descends? African Democracies, Politics of Stomach Infrastructure, and Homology of Corruption. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(3), 240–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1426008

Ojo, J. S., Lamidi, K. O., Odewale, A. D., Shiyanbade, B., & Ihemeje, G. (2020). Enemy within the State: The Pathology of Boko Haram Insurgency, Military Corruption, and Fallacy of Arms Procurement in Nigeria. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(12), 1068–1082. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1665068

Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2012). The effect of foreign aid on corruption: A quantile regression approach. Economics Letters, 115(2), 240–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.12.051

Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2014). How Does Corruption Influence the Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth? Global Economic Review, 43(3), 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2014.930671

Okafor, C., Smith, L. M., & Ujah, N. U. (2014). Kleptocracy, nepotism, kakistocracy: Impact of corruption in Sub-Saharan African countries. Int. J. of Economics and Accounting, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEA.2014.063736

Okafor, G. (2015). Locational Determinants of US Outward FDI into Sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(1), 187–205.

Okafor, G. (2017). The Determinants of Firm Performance and Bribery: Evidence from Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria. International Economic Journal, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2017.1380678

Okafor, O., & Opara, M. (2020). Whistleblowing and the fight against corruption and fraud in

492 

 

Nigeria: Perceptions of anti-corruption agents (ACAs). Crime, Law and Social Change, 73(2), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09855-4

Okanazu, O. O., Madu, M. A., & Igboke, S. A. (2019). A Recipe for Efficient and Corruption-Free Public Sector. Central European Journal of Labour Law and Personnel Management, 2(1), 29–46.

Oke, T. (2016). Money laundering regulation and the African PEP: Case for tougher civil remedy options. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 19(1), 32–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-01-2015-0001

Okeahalam, C. C., & Bah, I. (1998). Perceived Corruption and Investment in Sub‐Saharan Africa. South African Journal of Economics, 66(3), 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1998.tb01258.x

O’Kelly, C., & Dubnick, M. J. (2006). Taking Tough Choices Seriously: Public Administration and Individual Moral Agency. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(3), 393–415. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui050

Okogbule, N. S. (2006). An appraisal of the legal and institutional framework for combating corruption in Nigeria. Journal of Financial Crime, 13(1), 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790610641251

Okojie, P., & Momoh, A. (2007). Corruption and reform in Nigeria. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and Development: The Anti-Corruption Campaigns (pp. 103–120). Palgrave Macmillan.

Okole, H., & Kavanamur, D. (2003). Political Corruption in Papua New Guinea; Some Causes and Policy Lessons. http://philpapers.org/rec/OKOPCI

Okolie, O. R. (2014). The Relevance of Forensic Accounting in Curbing Financial Crimes and Corruption in Developing Countries such as Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis. Asian Journal of Business and Management, 2(5). http://www.ajouronline.com/index.php/AJBM/article/view/1453

Olaniyan, K. (2014). Corruption and human rights law in Africa. Hart Publishing.

Olaoye, O., & Aderajo, O. (2020). Institutions and economic growth in ECOWAS: An investigation into the hierarchy of institution hypothesis (HIH). International Journal of Social Economics, 47(9), 1081–1108. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-10-2019-0630

Olar, O., & Academy, R. (2018). Corruption and Anticorruption in the Romanian Principalities: Rules of Governance, Exceptions and Networks, Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press.

493 

 

http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-16

Olatunde, J. O. (2014). Does democracy breed accountability? The role of state executives in Nigeria, 1999-2007. Int.J.of Critical Accounting, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCA.2012.047366

Olaya, D. J., Attisso, K., & Roth, A. (2010). Repairing Social Damage Out of Corruption Cases: Opportunities and Challenges as Illustrated in the Alcatel Case in Costa Rica (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1779834). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1779834

Oldenburg, P. (1987). Middlemen in Third World corruption: Implications of an India case. World Politics : A Quarterly Journal of Internat. Relations, 39(4), 508–535.

O’Leary, C. (1962). The elimination of corrupt practices in British elections, 1868-1911. Oxford, Clarendon Press.

Oleinik, A. (2016). Corruption on the road: A case study of Russian traffic police. IATSS Research, 40(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2015.12.001

Olen, J. W. (2012). The devil’s in the intent: Does 18 U.S.C. 666 require proof of quid-pro-quo intent? Southwestern Law Review, 42(1), 229–261.

Oliva, P. (2015). Environmental Regulations and Corruption: Automobile Emissions in Mexico City. Journal of Political Economy, 123(3), 686–724. https://doi.org/10.1086/680936

Oliver, D. (n.d.). Regulating the conduct of MPs. The British experience of combating corruption. Political Studies, xlv(3), 539–558.

Oliveros, V., & Schuster, C. (2018). Merit, Tenure, and Bureaucratic Behavior: Evidence From a Conjoint Experiment in the Dominican Republic. Comparative Political Studies, 51(6), 759–792. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414017710268

Oliveros, Virginia, & Gingerich, D. W. (2019). Lying About Corruption in Surveys: Evidence from a Joint Response Model. International Journal of Public Opinion Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edz019

Olivier de Sardan, J. P. (1999). A Moral Economy of Corruption in Africa? The Journal of Modern African Studies, 37(1), 25–53.

Olivieri, C., Martinelli, B., & Massucatto, P. (2018). Municipal administration and corruption in the implementation of federal educational programs. Revista de Administração Pública, 52(1), 169–179.

Olken, B. a, & Barron, P. (2009). The Simple Economics of Extortion: Evidence from Trucking

494 

 

in Aceh. Journal of Political Economy, 117(3), 417–452. https://doi.org/10.1086/599707

Olken, B. A. (2006). Corruption and the costs of redistribution: Micro evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Public Economics, 90(4), 853–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.05.004

Olken, B. A. (2007). Monitoring Corruption: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia. Journal of Political Economy, 115(2), 200–249. https://doi.org/10.1086/517935

Olken, B. A. (2009a). Corruption perceptions vs. Corruption reality. Journal of Public Economics, 93(7), 950–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.03.001

Olken, B. A. (2009b). Do television and radio destroy social capital?: Evidence from Indonesian villages. American Economic Journal : A Journal of the American Economic Association, 1(4), 1–33.

Olken, B. A. (2010). Direct Democracy and Local Public Goods: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia. American Political Science Review, 104(2), 243–267. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055410000079

Olken, B. A., & Pande, R. (2012). Corruption in Developing Countries. 4(1 1), 479–509. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110917

Olney, W. (2016). Impact of Corruption on Firm-Level Export Decisions. Economic Inquiry, 54(2), 1105.

Ololajulo, B. (2016). “Eating with One Spoon”: Zoning, Power Rotation and Political Corruption in Nigeria. African Studies; Afr.Stud., 75(1), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2015.1129139

Olowu, D. (1992). Roots and remedies of governmental corruption in Africa. Corruption and Reform, 7(3), 227–227.

Olsen, A. L., Hjorth, F., Harmon, N., & Barfort, S. (2019). Behavioral Dishonesty in the Public Sector. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 29(4), 572–590. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muy058

Olsen, T. E., & Torsvik, G. (1998). Collusion and renegotiation in hierarchies: A case of beneficial corruption. International Economic Review, 39(2), 413–438.

Olson, M., Sarna, N., & Swamy, A. V. (2000). Governance and Growth: A Simple Hypothesis Explaining Cross-Country Differences in Productivity Growth. Public Choice, 102(3/4), 341–364.

Olsson, S. A. (2014). Corruption and Political Participation: A Multilevel Analysis. QoG Working Paper Series, 2014(12), 12.

495 

 

Oluwaniyi, O. (2011). Police and the institution of corruption in Nigeria. Policing and Society, 21(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2010.541245

Oluyitan, F. E. (2017). Combatting corruption at the grassroots level in Nigeria. Palgrave Macmillan.

Omilusi, M. (2019). Blowing the Anti-Graft Whistle with Rewarding Rigour and Legal Vulnerability: A Turning Pointin Nigeria’s Democratic Space? Bangladesh E-Journal of Sociology, 16(2), 206.

Omilusi, M. O. (2019). Justice for the Rich, Judgement for the Poor: ‘Elite Immunity’, Rampant Impunity and the Administration of Criminal Justice in Nigeria. Brazilian Journal of African Studies, 4(7). https://doi.org/10.22456/2448-3923.90464

Omodero, C. (2019a). Effect of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Nigeria. Studia Universitatis “Vasile Goldis” Arad. Seria Stiinte Economice, 29(2), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.2478/sues-2019-0008

Omodero, C. (2019b). The Consequences of Shadow Economy and Corruption on Tax Revenue Performance in Nigeria. Studia Universitatis “Vasile Goldis” Arad. Seria Stiinte Economice, 29(3), 64–79. https://doi.org/10.2478/sues-2019-0012

Omotola, J. (2006). “Through a Glass Darkly”: Assessing the “New” War Against Corruption in Nigeria. Africa Insight, 36(3).

Omotoso, F. (2014). Public-Service Ethics and Accountability for Effective Service Delivery in Nigeria. Africa Today, 60(3), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.60.3.119

Onbaşı, N. (2020). The role of populist strategies in differing outcomes of corruption scandals in Brazil and Turkey. Turkish Studies, 21(2), 188–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2019.1619175

Ones, D. S., Viswesvaran, C., & Schmidt, F. L. (1993). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Integrity Test Validities: Findings and Implications for Personnel Selection and Theories of Job Performance.

Onodugo, V. A., & Olufemi Isijola, D. (2020). Natural resources, fuel exports and corruption policy in Africa. Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 11(1), 103–125. https://doi.org/10.14267/CJSSP.2020.1.6

Onoshchenko, O., & Williams, C. C. (2014). Evaluating the role of blat in finding graduate employment in post-Soviet Ukraine The “dark side” of job recruitment? EMPLOYEE RELATIONS, 36(3), 254–265. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-06-2013-0070

Onwujekwe, O., Agwu, P., Orjiakor, C., Mckee, M., Hutchinson, E., Mbachu, C., Odii, A., Ogbozor, P., Obi, U., Ichoku, H., & Balabanova, D. (2019). Corruption in Anglophone

496 

 

West Africa health systems: A systematic review of its different variants and the factors that sustain them. Health Policy and Planning, 34(7), 529–543. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz070

Onyango, G. (2018). Whistleblowing and Anti-Corruption Behaviors in Public Administration in Developing Contexts: A Case of Local-Governance in Kenya (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3242774). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3242774

Onyango, G. (2019). Organizational Trust and Accountability Reforms in Public Management: Analysis of Inter-agency Implementation Relations in Kenya. International Journal of Public Administration, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1575856

Onyango, G. (2020). Inter-Institutional Trust and Multi-Agency Networks in Anti-Corruption Efforts in Public Administration in Kenya. African Studies Quarterly, 19(2), 17–36.

Onyiloha, C. A. (2015). An ethical appraisal of Nigerian policy on corruption vis-à-vis global anti-corruption practices. Journal of Religion and Human Relations, 7(1), 17–31.

Oprea, A. (2020). Denouncing Corruption Through Visual Means: Civil Society Initiatives in Post-Communist Romania. On-Line Journal Modelling the New Europe, 33, 179–199. https://doi.org/10.24193/OJMNE.2020.33.09

Oquendo, A. R. (1999). Corruption and legitimate crises in Latin America. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 475–494.

Oral, B., & Sayin, F. (2015). Can Corruption be Prevented by Increasing Tax Auditing in Turkey? Journal of Economic Cooperation & Development, 36(1), 1.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2008). Mutual Legal Assistance, Extradition and Recovery of Proceeds of Corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Frameworks and Practices in 27 Asian and Pacific Jurisdictions – Final Report. OECD Publishing. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.OECD_batch:9789264043701en

Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development. (2008). Specialised anti-corruption institutions: Review of models. OECD. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.OECD_batch:9789264039803en

Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development. (2013). Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models: Second Edition. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Ed.). (2015). Consequences of corruption at the sector level and implications for economic growth and development. OECD. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264230781-en

Orjuela, C. (2014). Corruption and identity politics in divided societies. Third World Quarterly,

497 

 

35(5), 753–769. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921426

Orjuela, C., Herath, D., & Lindberg, J. (2016). Corrupt Peace? Corruption and Ethnic Divides in Post-war Sri Lanka. Journal of South Asian Development, 11(2), 149–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973174116648818

Orlova, A. V., & Boichev, V. (2017). “Corruption Is Us”: Tackling Corruption by Examining the Interplay Between Formal Rules and Informal Norms Within the Russian Construction Industry. Journal of Developing Societies, 33(4), 401–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X17735238

Ormerod, P. (2016). Corruption and economic resilience: Recovery from the financial crisis in western economies. Economic Affairs, 36(3), 348–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12198

Ortega, B., Casquero, A., & Sanjuan, J. (2016). Corruption and Convergence in Human Development: Evidence from 69 Countries During 1990-2012. Social Indicators Research; Soc.Indic.Res., 127(2), 691–719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0968-8

Ortega, Bienvenido, Casquero, A., & Sanjuán, J. (2014). Growth in Human Development: The Role of Corruption. Journal of International Development, 26(7), 974.

Ortiz Pradillo, J. C. (2016). Whistleblowing and criminal proceedings in Spain: Roma traditoribus non praemiat.(Rome does not pay traitors). The Indonesian Journal of International & Comparative Law: Socio-Political Perspectives, 3(1), 43.

Ortmann, A., & Richamnova, J. (2008). A Generalization of the Buccirossi &amp; Spagnolo (2006) Model. CERGE-EI Discussion Paper. http://www.academia.edu/2879888/A_Generalization_of_the_Buccirossi_and_Spagnolo_2006_Model

Orudzheva, L., Salimath, M., & Pavur, R. (2018). Vortex of Corruption: Longitudinal Analysis of Normative Pressures in Top Global Companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4022-z

Osabutey, E., & Okoro, C. (2015). Political Risk and Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Case of the Nigerian Telecommunications Industry. Thunderbird International Business Review, 57(6), 417.

Osburg, J. (2018). Making Business Personal: Corruption, Anti-corruption, and Elite Networks in Post-Mao China. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S149–S159. https://doi.org/10.1086/695831

Osei, P. (2007). Corruption scandals and anti-corruption institution-building interventions in Jamaica. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and Development: The Anti-Corruption

498 

 

Campaigns (pp. 167–181). Palgrave Macmillan.

Osei, P. D. (2011). The Nexus Between Economic Resilience and Corruption. Bank of Valletta Review, 44, 36–51.

Osei-Assibey, E., Domfeh, K. O., & Danquah, M. (2018). Corruption, institutions and capital flight: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Economic Studies, 45(1), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-10-2016-0212

Osei-Hwedie, B. Z., & Osei-Hwedie, K. (2000). The Political, Economic, and Cultural Bases of Corruption in Africa. In K. R. H. Sr & B. C. Chikulo (Eds.), Corruption and Development in Africa (pp. 40–56). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333982440_3

Osei-Tutu, E., Offei-Nyako, K., Ameyaw, C., & Ampofo, K. T. (2014). Conflict of Interest and Related Corrupt Practices in Public Procurment in Ghana. International Journal of Civil Engineering Construction and Estate Management, 1(2), 1.

Osifo, O. C. (2014). An Ethical Governance Perspective on Anti-Corruption Policies and Procedures: Agencies and Trust in Cameroon, Ghana, and Nigeria Evaluation. International Journal of Public Administration, 37(5), 308–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2013.836663

Osipian, A. (2009). Corruption and Reform in Higher Education in Ukraine. Canadian and International Education, 38(2), 104.

Osipian, A. (2010). Corrupt Organizational Hierarchies in the Former Soviet Bloc. Transition Studies Review, 17(4), 822–836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11300-010-0174-y

Osipian, A. L. (2014). Will bribery and fraud converge? Comparative corruption in higher education in Russia and the USA. COMPARE-A JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION, 44(2), 252–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2012.728374

Osipian, Ararat L. (2009). Corruption Hierarchies in Higher Education in the Former Soviet Bloc. International Journal of Educational Development, 29(3), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2008.08.006

Osipian, Ararat L. (2012). Economics of corruption in doctoral education: The dissertations market. Economics of Education Review, 31(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.08.011

Osipian, Ararat L. (2016). Protesting Putin or protecting rights? Media reflections on reflective student activism. Contemporary Politics, 22(2), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2016.1153288

499 

 

Osipian, Ararat L. (2017). University autonomy in Ukraine: Higher education corruption and the state. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 50(3), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2017.06.004

Osipian, Ararat L. (2020). Nepotism in American Universities Starts Resembling Ukraine. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 65–69). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000012.xml

Oskenbayev, Y., Yilmaz, M., & Abdulla, K. (2013). Resource concentration, institutional quality and the natural resource curse. Economic Systems, 37(2), 254.

Osoba, S. O. (1996). Corruption in Nigeria: Historical perspectives. Review of African Political Economy, 23(69), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056249608704203

Osrecki, F. (2017). A Short History of the Sociology of Corruption: The Demise of Counter-Intuitivity and the Rise of Numerical Comparisons. The American Sociologist, 48(1), 103–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-016-9320-2

Osterfeld, D. (1988). The impact of corruption on Third World development. Economic Affairs, 9, 36–37.

Ostergaard, C., & Petersen, C. (1991). Official profiteering and the Tiananmen Square demonstrations in China. Corruption and Reform, 6(2), 87–108.

Ostler, J. (2014). Corrupt Business Practices as a Market Entry Strategy. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2014.17321abstract

Ostrov, B. (2009). Corruption in chinese sports culture. In S. Eicher (Ed.), Corruption in International Business: The Challenge of Cultural and Legal Diversity (pp. 91–98). Gower.

Osuji, O. (2011). Fluidity of Regulation-CSR Nexus: The Multinational Corporate Corruption Example. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(1), 31–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0840-y

O’Sullivan, J. (1996). The independent counsel statute: Bad law, bad policy. American Criminal Law Review, 33(3), 463–509.

O’Sullivan, J. (2016). “Private Justice” and FCPA Enforcement: Should the SEC Whistleblower Program Include a Qui Tam Provision? The American Criminal Law Review, 53(1), 67.

Otahal, T. (2014). Mises, Hayek and Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(3), 399–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1646-x

O’Toole, C. M., & Tarp, F. (2014). Corruption and the Efficiency of Capital Investment in Developing Countries. Journal of International Development, 26(5), 567.

500 

 

Oto‐Peralías, D., & Romero‐Ávila, D. (2013). Tracing the Link between Government Size and Growth: The Role of Public Sector Quality. Kyklos, 66(2), 229–255. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12019

Oto-Peralías, D., Romero-Ávila, D., & Usabiaga, C. (2013). Does fiscal decentralization mitigate the adverse effects of corruption on public deficits? European Journal of Political Economy, 32, 205–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.07.005

O’Trakoun, J. (2017). New perspectives on corruption contagion. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 26(5), 552–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2017.1281340

Ott, J. (2010). Good Governance and Happiness in Nations: Technical Quality Precedes Democracy and Quality Beats Size. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(3), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9144-7

Otusanya, O. J., Lauwo, S., Ige, O. J., & Adelaja, O. S. (2015). Sweeping it under the carpet: The role of legislators in corrupt practice in Nigeria. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(3), 354–377.

Ouma, S. O. A. (1991). Corruption in public policy and its impact on development: The case of Uganda since 1979. Public Administration and Development, 11(5), 473–490. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230110505

Ouziel, L. M. (2018). The Regulatory Challenge of Public Corruption. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 108(3), 15.

Overstreet, D. (2020). The negative impact of barriers to entry on income inequality. Economic Affairs (Harlow), 40(3), 344–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12426

Owoye, O. (1996). The macroeconomic analysis of the effects of corruption on economic growth of developing economies. Rivista Internazionale Di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali : RiSEC ; Pubblicazione Trimestrale, 43(1).

Owusu, E. K., Chan, A. P. C., & Ameyaw, E. (2019). Toward a cleaner project procurement: Evaluation of construction projects’ vulnerability to corruption in developing countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 216, 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.124

Owusu, E. K., Chan, A. P. C., Degraft, O.-M., Ameyaw, E. E., & Robert, O.-K. (2019). Contemporary Review of Anti-Corruption Measures in Construction Project Management. Project Management Journal, 50(1), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972818808983

Owusu, E. K., Chan, A. P. C., Hosseini, M. R., & Nikmehr, B. (2020). Assessing procurement

501 

 

irregularities in the supply-chain of Ghanaian construction projects: A soft-computing approach. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.11659

Owusu, E. K., Chan, A. P. C., & Shan, M. (2017). Causal Factors of Corruption in Construction Project Management: An Overview. Science and Engineering Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-0002-4

Oyamada, E. (2005). President Gloria Macapagal‐Arroyo’s anti‐corruption strategy in the Philippines an evaluation. Asian Journal of Political Science, 13(1), 81–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370508434251

Oyamada, E. (2015). Anti-corruption measures the Japanese way: Prevention matters. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 24.

Oyamada, E. (2017). Combating corruption in Rwanda: Lessons for policy makers. Asian Education and Development Studies, 6(3), 249–262.

Oye, N. D. (2013). Reducing Corruption in African Developing Countries: The Relevance of E-Governance. Greener Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 006–013. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJSS.2013.1.103112183

Oyelana, A., & Kang’Ethe, S. M. (2016). Exploring the Role of Ethics in Fostering Strong Public Servants in Selected African Countries. Journal of Social Sciences, 47(2), 98.

Oyolola, F. (2019). The Demand For Corruption: A Case of Nigeria. EuroEconomica, 38(2). http://search.proquest.com/docview/2319823277/?pq-origsite=primo

Ozdemir, E. (2019). Deteriorating Proximity between Liberal Peacebuilding and Counterinsurgency: Warlordism and Corruption in Afghanistan. Interventions, 21(2), 188–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2018.1487321

Ozigis, R. (2019). Adapting Nigeria’s Whistleblower Policy to Procurement Frauds: A Cue from the False Claims Act’s Qui Tam Provision. Public Contract Law Journal, 48(2), 337–353.

Ozounov, N. A. (2004). Facing the challenge: Corruption, state capture and the role of multinational business. John Marshall Law Review, 37(4), 1181–1203.

Ozturk, I., & Al-Mulali, U. (2015). Investigating the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Cambodia. Ecological Indicators, 57(Journal Article), 324–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.018

Ozturk, I., Al-Mulali, U., & Solarin, S. A. (2019). The control of corruption and energy efficiency relationship: An empirical note. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05016-1

502 

 

Paasche, E. (2016). The role of corruption in reintegration: Experiences of Iraqi Kurds upon return from Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Journal Article, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1139445

Pablo J. Davis. (2016). “To Return the Funds at All”: Global Anticorruption, Forfeiture, and Legal Frameworks for Asset Return. University of Memphis Law Review, 47, 291–391.

Pacek, A. C., Pop-Eleches, G., & Tucker, J. A. (2009). Disenchanted or Discerning: Voter Turnout in Post-Communist Countries. The Journal of Politics, 71(2), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609090409

Pacini, C. (2012). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Taking a bite out of bribery in international business transactions. Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 17(2), 545–589.

Pacini, C., Swaleheen, M., & Barker, K. (2012). Enhanced Enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Improving the Ethics of U.S. Business Practices Abroad. In Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting (Vol. 16, pp. 57–91). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/S1574-0765(2012)0000016006

Pacini, C., Swingen, J. A., & Rogers, H. (2002). The Role of the OECD and EU Conventions in Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials. Journal of Business Ethics, 37(4), 385–405. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015235806969

Pacoy, E. P. (2008). Tracking Anti-Corruption Initiatives: Perceptions and Experiences in the Philippines.

Padmanabhan, P., Wang, C.-H., & Huang, C.-H. (2020). Did the 2008 global financial crisis influence the host country corruption and inward foreign direct investments relationship? An empirical examination. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 29(5), 566–603. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2019.1706624

Padró I Miquel, G. (2007). The Control of Politicians in Divided Societies: The Politics of Fear. Review of Economic Studies, 74(4), 1259–1274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2007.00455.x

Pagano, M. S. (2002). Crises, Cronyism, and Credit. Financial Review, 37(2), 227–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6288.00013

Pagano, M. S. (2008). Credit, cronyism, and control: Evidence from the Americas. Journal of International Money and Finance, 27(3), 387–410.

Pagotto, L., & Bartol Teixeira, A. P. (2016). The Brazilian Anti-Corruption Policy in Motion. Business Law International, 17(2).

503 

 

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=1467632X&AN=115827173&h=FYMB8ZEfU9f7Lv0sUWFrBxvJtCdN1FopUPnTI8TU1HRVJX%2BCHNz5Z0QlRrMGYqsuSkspKjSjk0WFGvaBGPeG0A%3D%3D&crl=c

Pahis, S. (2009). Corruption in Our Courts: What It Looks like and Where It Is Hidden. The Yale Law Journal, 118(8), 1900–1943.

Paik, W., & Baum, R. (2014). Clientelism with Chinese Characteristics: Local Patronage Networks in Post-Reform China. Political Science Quarterly, 129(4), 675–701. https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.12250

Paik, Y., & Huse, M. (2019). In search of an institutional framework for anticorruption: Lessons from Scandinavia. Thunderbird International Business Review, 61(2), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22028

Paine, L. (1996). Moral thinking in management: An essential capability. Business Ethics Quarterly, 6(4), 477–492.

Paine, L. S. (1994). Managing for Organizational Integrity. Harvard Business Review, 72(2), 106–117.

Painter, M. (2006). Thaksinisation or managerialism? Reforming the Thai bureaucracy. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 36(1), 26–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472330680000031

Painter, M. (2014). Myths of Political Independence, or How Not to Solve the Corruption Problem: Lessons for V ietnam. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 1(2), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.22

Painter, R. W. (2009). Getting the government America deserves: How ethics reform can make a difference. Oxford University Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:EDZ0000073123

Pajaziti, A. (2018). Higher Education and Corruption: Macedonian Alumni Experiences. ILIRIA International Review, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.21113/iir.v8i1.389

Pakstaitis, L. (2019). Private sector corruption: Realities, difficulties of comprehension, causes and perspectives. The Lithuanian approach. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09815-y

Pal, L. A., & Spence, J. (2020). Event-focused network analysis: A case study of anti-corruption networks. Policy and Society, 39(1), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2020.1716559

Pal, S. (2013). Corruption, Networking and Foreign Ownership: Recent Evidence from CEE Countries (No. 7636; IZA Discussion Papers). Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).

504 

 

https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp7636.html

Palanski, M. E., & Yammarino, F. J. (2009). Integrity and leadership: A multi-level conceptual framework. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 405–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.008

Paldam, M. (2001). Corruption and Religion Adding to the Economic Model. Kyklos, 54(2‐3), 383–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00160

Paldam, M. (2002). The cross-country pattern of corruption: Economics, culture and the seesaw dynamics. European Journal of Political Economy, 18(2), 215–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(02)00078-2

Paldam, M., & Gundlach, E. (2008). Two Views on Institutions and Development: The Grand Transition vs the Primacy of Institutions. Kyklos, 61(1), 65–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2008.00393.x

Paldam, M., & Svendsen, G. (2000). Missing social capital and the transition in Eastern Europe. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Paler, L. (2013). Keeping the Public Purse: An Experiment in Windfalls, Taxes, and the Incentives to Restrain Government. American Political Science Review, 107(4), 706.

Palguta, J., & Pertold, F. (2017). Manipulation of Procurement Contracts: Evidence from the Introduction of Discretionary Thresholds. American Economic Journal-Economic Policy, 9(2), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20150511

Palmer, D. (2008). Extending the process model of collective corruption. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 107–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.005

Palmier, L. (2000). Corruption and probity. Asian Journal of Political Science, 8(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370008434156

Palmier, L. (2003). Corruption in Context. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 73–89). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0004

Pambo, K. O. (2020). Designating lawyers as reporting entities under the Kenya’s anti-money laundering regime. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(3), 637–649. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-07-2019-0063

Pan, C., Wei, W. X., Muralidharan, E., Liao, J., & Andreosso-O’Callaghan, B. (2020). Does China’s Outward Direct Investment Improve the Institutional Quality of the Belt and Road Countries? Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), 12(1), 415-. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010415

505 

 

Pan, J., & Chen, K. (2018). Concealing Corruption: How Chinese Officials Distort Upward Reporting of Online Grievances. The American Political Science Review, 112(3), 602–620. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000205

Pan, X., & Tian, G. G. (2017). Political connections and corporate investments: Evidence from the recent anti-corruption campaign in China. Journal of Banking and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.03.005

Pan, X., & Xiao, E. (2016). It’s not just the thought that counts: An experimental study on the hidden cost of giving. Journal of Public Economics, 138(Journal Article), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.04.005

Panayırcı, U. C., İşeri, E., & Şekercioğlu, E. (2016). Political agency of news outlets in a polarized media system: Framing the corruption probe in Turkey. European Journal of Communication, 31(5), 551–567. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323116669455

Pande, R. (2008). Understanding political corruption in low income countries.

Pande, R. (2011). Can informed voters enforce better governance?: Experiments in low-income democracies. Annual Review of Economics, 215–237.

Pandit, R., & Laband, D. N. (2009). Economic Freedom, Corruption, and Species Imperilment: A Cross-Country Analysis. Society & Natural Resources, 22(9), 805–823. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920802102024

Pangalangan, R. C. (2010). The Philippines ‘Sandiganbayan’: Anti-Graft Courts and the Illusion of Self-Contained Anti-Corruption Regimes. In A. Harding & P. Nicholson, New courts in Asia (pp. 299–314). Routledge.

Pangia, M. (2018). Developing an Organizational Conflicts of Interest Framework: The U.S. System as a Starting Point. Public Contract Law Journal, 47(4), 539–560.

Panhoca, L. (2019). Information on the fight against corruption and corporate governance practices: Evidence of organized hypocrisy. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 16(2–3), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41310-019-00060-2

Pani, M. (2011). Hold your nose and vote: Corruption and public decisions in a representative democracy. Public Choice, 148(1), 163–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9651-4

Pani, N. (2016). Historical insights into modern corruption: Descriptive moralities and cooperative corruption in an Indian city. Griffith Law Review, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2016.1165644

Panizza, U. (2001a). Electoral Rules, Political Systems, and Institutional Quality. Economics & Politics, 13(3), 311–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0343.00095

506 

 

Panizza, U. (2001b). Public Sector Wages and Bureaucratic Quality: Evidence from Latin America. Economía, 2(1), 97–139.

Panizza, U. (2017). The Use of Corruption Indicators in Sovereign Ratings (IDB Technical Note IDB-TN-1318). Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0000849

Panov, S. (2018). Pecunia non olet? Legal norms and anti-corruption judicial frameworks of preventive confiscation. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(3), 315–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9734-y

Pante, M. (2017). Quezon’s City: Corruption and contradiction in Manila’s prewar suburbia, 1935-1941. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 48(1), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463416000497

Pantzalis, C., & Park, J. C. (2014). Too close for comfort? Geographic propinquity to political power and stock returns. Journal of Banking & Finance, 48(Journal Article), 57.

Pantzalis, C., Park, J. C., & Sutton, N. (2008). Corruption and valuation of multinational corporations. Journal of Empirical Finance, 15(3), 387–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2007.09.004

Papaconstantinou, P., Tsagkanos, A. G., & Siriopoulos, C. (2013). How bureaucracy and corruption affect economic growth and convergence in the European Union. Managerial Finance. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-12-2009-0143

Papageorgiou, T., Savvakis, G., & Kenourgios, D. (n.d.). Is political risk a driver of listed SMEs leverage? Applied Economics Letters, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1819949

Papaioannou, K., & Van Zanden, J. (2015). The dictator effect: How long years in office affect economic development. Journal of Institutional Economics, 11(1), 111–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137414000356

Papathanassis, A. (2016a). Combating Tourism-related Corruption: Effective Countermeasures Derived from Analysing Tourists’ Perceptions and Experiences. Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, 2, 248–255.

Papathanassis, A. (2016b). Curing the ‘Beach Disease’: Corruption and the Potential of Tourismled Transformation for Developing Countries and Transitional Economies. Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, 1, 75–80.

Papathanassis, A. (2019). The impact of corruption on travelers’ perceptions and preferences. Tourism Review, 74(4), 795–814. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2018-0065

Pappa, E., Sajedi, R., & Vella, E. (2014). Fiscal consolidation with tax evasion and corruption. Journal of International Economics, Journal Article.

507 

 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.12.004

Papyrakis, E., & Gerlagh, R. (2004). The Resource Curse Hypothesis and its Transmission Channels. Journal of Comparative Economics, 32(1), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2003.11.002

Papyrakis, E., & Mo, P. H. (2014). Fractionalization, Polarization, and Economic Growth: Identifying the Transmission Channels. Economic Inquiry, 52(3), 1204–1218. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12070

Papyrakis, E., Rieger, M., & Gilberthorpe, E. (2017). Corruption and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(2), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1160065

Paquot, T. (2018). Is transparency a guarantee for honesty? Revue Française d’éthique Appliquée, 2, 32–43.

Parboteeah, K. P., Seriki, H. T., & Hoegl, M. (2014). Ethnic diversity, corruption and ethical climates in sub-Saharan Africa: Recognizing the significance of human resource management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(7), 979–1001. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.815251

Parchomovsky, G., & Siegelman, P. (2009). Bribes vs. bombs: A study in Coasean warfare. International Review of Law & Economics, 29(3), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2009.02.007

Pardo, I. (2004a). Introduction: Corruption, Morality and the Law. In Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 1–18). Ashgate.

Pardo, I. (2004b). Where it Hurts: An Italian Case of Graded and Stratified Corruption. In Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 33–52). Ashgate.

Pardo, I. (2018). Corrupt, Abusive, and Legal: Italian Breaches of the Democratic Contract. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S60–S71. https://doi.org/10.1086/695804

Paris, T. (2014). Is (French) Continental Law Efficient at Fighting Conflicts of Interest? In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 139–149). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507

Park, A. W. (2013). Keep your eye on the bribe: Focusing FCPA enforcement. Journal of Law, Economics & Policy, 9(2), 305–324.

Park, B., & Khanoi, O. (2017). How does the globalization of firms affect corruption in developing economies? Journal of Korea Trade, 21(3), 256–270.

508 

 

https://doi.org/10.1108/JKT-02-2017-0022

Park, B.-S. (1995). Political corruption in South Korea: Concentrating on the dynamics of party politics. Asian Perspective, 19, 163–193.

Park, C. H. (2006). Clientalism’s Electoral Connection and its Policy Effects: Comparison Between Korea and Japan. In Junʼichi Kawata, Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 201–222). Ashgate.

Park, Heungsik, Blenkinsopp, J., Oktem, M., & Omurgonulsen, U. (2008). Cultural Orientation and Attitudes Toward Different Forms of Whistleblowing: A Comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4), 929–939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9603-1

Park, Heungsik, Rehg, M., & Lee, D. (2005). The Influence of Confucian Ethics and Collectivism on Whistleblowing Intentions: A Study of South Korean Public Employees. Journal of Business Ethics, 58(4), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-5366-0

Park, Hoon. (2003). Determinants of Corruption: A Cross-National Analysis. The Multinational Business Review, 11(2), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/1525383X200300010

Park, J. (2012). Corruption, soundness of the banking sector, and economic growth: A cross-country study. Journal of International Money and Finance, 31(5), 907–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2011.07.007

Park, N. E. (1997). Corruption in eighteenth-century China. The Journal of Asian Studies, 56(4), 967–1005.

Parker, C. (2009). Corporate compliance systems: Could they make any difference? Administration &amp; Society, 41(1), 3–37.

Parker, C., & Nielsen, V. (2009). The Challenge of Empirical Research on Business Compliance in Regulatory Capitalism. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 5, 45–70. https://doi.org/10.1146/annrevlawsosci.093008131555

Parrado, S., Dahlström, C., & Lapuente, V. (2018). Mayors and Corruption in Spain: Same Rules, Different Outcomes. South European Society & Politics, 23(3), 303–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2018.1528692

Parry. (2000). The Crisis of Corruption and the Idea of India – a Worm’s Eye View. In I. Pardo, Morals of legitimacy: Between agency and system. Berghahn Books.

Parsons, C. A. and S., Johan and Titman, Sheridan. (2014). Swimming Upstream: Struggling Firms in Corrupt Cities [Working Paper]. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2526585; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2526585

509 

 

Partasides, C. (2010). Proving Corruption in International Arbitration: A Balanced Standard for the Real World. ICSID Review, 25(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/25.1.47

Partridge, H. (1995). Can the leopard change its spots? Sleaze in Italy.(Sleaze: Politics, Private Interests and Public Reaction). Parliamentary Affairs, 48(4), 711.

Pascual-Ezama, D., Fosgaard, T. R., Cardenas, J. C., Kujal, P., Veszteg, R., Liaño, B. G.-G. de, Gunia, B., Weichselbaumer, D., Hilken, K., Antinyan, A., Delnoij, J., Proestakis, A., Tira, M. D., Pratomo, Y., Jaber-López, T., & Brañas-Garza, P. (2015). Context-dependent cheating: Experimental evidence from 16 countries. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2015.04.020

Paserman, M. (2017). Comovement or safe haven? The effect of corruption on the market risk of sovereign bonds of emerging economies during financial crises. Journal of International Money and Finance, 76, 106–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2017.06.001

Pashev, K. V. (2011). Corruption and accession: Evidence from public procurement in Bulgaria. Public Management Review, 13(3), 409–432.

Pashev, K., Valev, N., & Pasheva, V. (2010). Corruption in the Tax Administration: Is there Scope for Wage Incentives? (No. 1023; International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU). https://ideas.repec.org/p/ays/ispwps/paper1023.html

Passas, N. (2006). A Comparative Analysis of National Anti-Corruption Legislation and Programmes. UNDP.

Passas, N. (2010). Anti-corruption agencies and the need for strategic approaches. Crime, Law and Social Change, 53(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-009-9230-0

Passas, N., & Claro, J. (2013). Effects of the Anti-Corruption Agenda on Government Procurement [Working Paper].

Patel, C. (2003). Some cross-cultural evidence on whistle-blowing as an internal control mechanism. Journal of International Accounting Research, 2, 69–96.

Pathak, R., Singh, G., Belwal, R., & Smith, R. (2007). E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia. Public Organization Review, 7(3), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-007-0031-6

Pathak, Raghuvar D., Singh, G., Belwal, R., Naz, R., & Smith, R. F. I. (2008). E-governance, corruption and public service delivery: A comparative study of Fiji and Ethiopia. Journal of Administration and Governance, 3(1), 65–79.

Pathak, Raghuvar Dutt, Naz, R., Rahman, M. H., Smith, R. F. I., & Nayan Agarwal, K. (2009). E-Governance to Cut Corruption in Public Service Delivery: A Case Study of Fiji.

510 

 

International Journal of Public Administration, 32(5), 415–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690902799482

Pathak, S., Xavier-Oliveira, E., & Laplume, A. (2015). Entrepreneurship in transition economies: The role of corruption and individual attributes. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17(4), 427–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2015.1063307

Pattanayak, S., & Verdugo-Yepes, C. (2020). Protecting Public Infrastructure from Vulnerabilities to Corruption: A Risk-Based Approach. In Well Spent: How Strong Infrastructure Governance Can End Waste in Public Investment (pp. 175–200). International Monetary Fund. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF071/28328-9781513511818/28328-9781513511818/ch10.xml?highlight=true

Pattie, C., & Johnston, R. (2012). The Electoral Impact of the UK 2009 MPs’ Expenses Scandal. 60(4), 730–750. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00943.x

Paul, B. P. (2010). Does corruption foster growth in Bangladesh? International Journal of Development Issues, 9(3), 246–262. https://doi.org/10.1108/14468951011073325

Paulus, M., & Kristoufek, L. (2015). Worldwide clustering of the corruption perception. Physica A, 428(Journal Article), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2015.01.065

Paunov, C. (2016). Corruption’s asymmetric impacts on firm innovation. Journal of Development Economics, 118(Journal Article), 216–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.07.006

Pauwelyn, J. (2013). Different Means, Same End: The Contribution of Trade and Investment Treaties to Anti-Corruption Policy. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington, Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Pavao, N. (2018). Corruption as the Only Option: The Limits to Electoral Accountability. Journal of Politics, 80(3), 996–1010. https://doi.org/10.1086/697954

Pavao, Nara. (2016). Conditional Cash Transfer Programs and Electoral Accountability: Evidence from Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society, 58(2), 74–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00311.x

Pavel, J., & Risticová, S. (2015). Analysis of Relationship between Indicators of the Public Procurement Market and the Level of Perceived Corruption in EU Member States. Economicky Casopis, 63(4), 372–394.

Pavlidis, G. (2017). Asset recovery: A Swiss leap forward? Journal of Money Laundering Control, 20(2), 150–158.

511 

 

Pavlik, J. (2017a). Political importance and its relation to the federal prosecution of public corruption. Constitutional Political Economy, 28(4), 346–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-017-9243-0

Pavlik, J. (2017b). The Quest for Good Governance: How Societies Develop Control of Corruption. The Independent Review, 22(2), 303–306.

Pavlova, E. (2015). The Russian Federation and European Union against Corruption: A Slight Misunderstanding? Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 16(1), 111.

Pavlovska-Hilaiel, S. (2015). The EU’s Losing Battle Against Corruption in Bulgaria. Hague Journal of the Rule of Law, 7(2), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-015-0015-5

Paweenawat, S. (2018). The gender‐corruption nexus in Asia. Asian - Pacific Economic Literature, 32(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/apel.12214

Paxton, P., & Knack, S. (2012). Individual and country-level factors affecting support for foreign aid. International Political Science Review, 33(2), 171–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512111406095

Payne, J. E., & Saunoris, J. W. (2020). Corruption and Firm Tax Evasion in Transition Economies: Results from Censored Quantile Instrumental Variables Estimation. Atlantic Economic Journal, 48(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11293-020-09666-2

Pazmandy, M. (2011). Socio-Economic Influences on Corruption Perception—Empirical Evidence from 27 European Countries. Hamburg Review of Social Sciences, 5(3), 52–80.

Peacock, R., & Cordner, G. (2016). “Shock Therapy” in Ukraine: A Radical Approach to Post‐Soviet Police Reform. Public Administration and Development, 36(2), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1748

Pearce, C. L., Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. (2008). The roles of vertical and shared leadership in the enactment of executive corruption: Implications for research and practice. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.03.007

Pearlman, S. (2014). Officials Versus Thieves: Is Public or Private Expropriation More Harmful to Small Firms? Journal of Development Studies, 50(6), 773–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.895819

Pearson, Z. (2001a). An International Human Rights Approach to Corruption. In Peter Larmour & N. Wolanin, Corruption and anti-corruption. Asia Pacific Press.

Pearson, Z. (2001b). Human Rights and Corruption. Centre for Democratic Instutions.

Pečarič, M. (2020). Competitive Examinations, Special Competitions for Senior Servants or Open Market Competitions-Which of Them Determine Merit the Most? Lex Localis,

512 

 

18(2), 311–333. https://doi.org/10.4335/18.2.311-333(2020)

Pechlivanos, L. (2005). Self-Enforcing Corruption: Institutional Transmission and Organizational Response. In J. Lambsdorff, M. Taube, & M. Schramm, The new institutional economics of corruption. Routledge.

Pecorino, P. (1992). Rent Seeking and Growth: The Case of Growth through Human Capital Accumulation. The Canadian Journal of Economics / Revue Canadienne d’Economique, 25(4), 944–956. https://doi.org/10.2307/135773

Pecujlija, M., Cosic, I., Nesic-Grubic, L., & Drobnjak, S. (2015). Corruption: Engineers are Victims, Perpetrators or Both? Science and Engineering Ethics, 21(4), 907–923. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9569-1

Pedauga, L., Pedauga, L., & Delgado-Marquez, B. (2017). Relationships between corruption, political orientation, and income inequality: Evidence from Latin America. Applied Economics, 49(17), 1689–1705. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1223830

Pedersen, E. M. (2008). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Its Application to U.S. Business Operations in China. 7, 13–167.

Pedigo, K. L., & Marshall, V. (2009). Bribery: Australian Managers’ Experiences and Responses When Operating in International Markets. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9870-5

Pedroza, D. (2018). The Poverty-Corruption Nexus. Finance & Development, 55(3), 42–43.

Peebles, D. (2018). Standing up for what’s right. Public Finance, 12, 42–42.

Peerthum, S., Gunputh, R. P., & Luckho, T. (2020a). A survey dataset on the perception of public-sector corruption in Mauritius and a framework analysis of corruption court cases. Data in Brief, 32, 106057-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106057

Peerthum, S., Gunputh, R. P., & Luckho, T. (2020b). Assessing the effectiveness of the fight against public-sector corruption in Mauritius: Perception v reality. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 100419-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2020.100419

Pei, M. (2017). Author’s Response: A Corruption Market More Sophisticated Than You Think. Asia Policy, 23(1), 166–173.

Pei, M. (2018). How Not to Fight Corruption: Lessons from China. Daedalus, 147(3), 216–230. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00512

Peiffer, C. (2012). From Islands of Integrity to Understanding the Politics of Corruption Reduction (DLP Research Paper 21).

Peiffer, C., & Alvarez, L. (2016). Who Will Be the “Principled-Principals”? Perceptions of

513 

 

Corruption and Willingness to Engage in Anticorruption Activism. Governance, 29(3), 351–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12172

Peiffer, C., & Armytage, R. (2019). Searching for success: A mixed methods approach to identifying and examining positive outliers in development outcomes. World Development, 121, 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.04.013

Peiffer, C., & Marquette, H. (2015). Theoretical (Mis)understanding? Applying Principal-Agent and Collective Action Theories tot eh Problem of Corruption in Systemically Corrupt Countries. In Routledge Companion to Ethics, Politics and Organizations. Taylor and Francis.

Peiffer, C., & Rose, R. (2013). Why Do Africans Differ in Paying Bribes? [Working Paper].

Peiffer, C., & Rose, R. (2014). Why Do Some Africans Pay Bribes While Other Africans Don’t? (Afrobarometer Working Paper No. 148). http://ssrn.com/abstract=2505997; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2505997

Peiffer, C., & Rose, R. (2018). Why Are the Poor More Vulnerable to Bribery in Africa? The Institutional Effects of Services. The Journal of Development Studies, 54(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1257121

Peirone, F. (2018). Corruption as a Violation of International Human Rights: A Reply to Anne Peters. European Journal of International Law, 29(4), 1297–1302. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chy069

Peisakhin, L. (2012). Transparency and Corruption: Evidence from India. Journal of Law and Economics, 55(1), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1086/663727

Peisakhin, L., & Pinto, P. (2010). Is transparency an effective anti‐corruption strategy? Evidence from a field experiment in India. Regulation & Governance, 4(3), 261–280. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5991.2010.01081.x

Peisakhin, L. V. (2006). Field Experimentation and the Study of Corruption. In Susan Rose-Ackerman, International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 335–355). Edward Elgar.

Pelizzo, R., Araral, E., Pak, A., & Xun, W. (2016). Determinants of Bribery: Theory and Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. African Development Review, 28(2), 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12192

Pellegata, A. (2009). Democracy, Government Alternation and Political Corruption [GSSEPS Working Paper Series]. http://www.academia.edu/1328623/Democracy_Government_Alternation_and_Political_Corruption

514 

 

Pellegata, A. (2013). Constraining political corruption: An empirical analysis of the impact of democracy. Democratization, 20(7), 1195–1218. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.688031

Pellegata, A., & Memoli, V. (2013). Electoral Systems, Corruption and Satisfaction with Democracy. Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2225120

Pellegata, A., & Memoli, V. (2016). Can Corruption Erode Confidence in Political Institutions Among European Countries? Comparing the Effects of Different Measures of Perceived Corruption. Social Indicators Research, 128(1), 391–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1036-0

Pellegata, A., & Memoli, V. (2018). Corruption and satisfaction with democracy: The conditional role of electoral disproportionality and ballot control. European Political Science Review, 10(3), 393–416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773917000200

Pellegrini, L. (2011). Corruption, Development and the Environment. Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht.

Pellegrini, L., & Gerlagh, R. (2004). Corruption’s Effect on Growth and its Transmission Channels. Kyklos, 57(3), 429–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-5962.2004.00261.x

Pellegrini, L., & Gerlagh, R. (2006a). Corruption and environmental policies: What are the implications for the enlarged EU? European Environment, 16(3), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.414

Pellegrini, L., & Gerlagh, R. (2006b). Corruption, democracy, and environmental policy: An empirical contribution to the debate. Journal of Environment & Development, 15(3), 332.

Pellegrini, L., & Gerlagh, R. (2008). Causes of corruption: A survey of cross-country analyses and extended results. Economics of Governance, 9(3), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-007-0033-4

Pelletier, K., & Bligh, M. (2006). Rebounding from Corruption: Perceptions of Ethics Program Effectiveness in a Public Sector Organization. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(4), 359–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9027-3

Pelletier, K., & Bligh, M. (2008). The Aftermath of Organizational Corruption: Employee Attributions and Emotional Reactions. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(4), 823–844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9471-8

Pelly, R. D. M. (2017). The Story of Captain Baby Face and the Coffee Maker: An Entrepreneurial Narrative Perspective on Corruption. Journal of Management Inquiry, 26(4), 390–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492616675977

Pelto, M. (2007). Civil society and the national integrity system in Papua New Guinea. Pacific

515 

 

Economic Bulletin, 22(1), 54–69.

Peluso, D. (2018). Traversing the margins of corruption amidst informal economies in Amazonia. Culture, Theory and Critique, 59(4), 400–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2018.1499433

Peña Miguel, N., & Cuadrado-Ballesteros, B. (2018). Is Privatization Related to Corruption? An Empirical Analysis of European Countries. Public Management Review, 21(1), 69–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1444192

Pendergast, S. M., Clarke, J. A., & Van Kooten, G. C. (2011). Corruption, Development and the Curse of Natural Resources. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 44(2), 411–437. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423911000114

Peng, M. W., Wang, D. Y. L., & Jiang, Y. (2008). An institution-based view of international business strategy: A focus on emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(5), 920–936.

Penn, & Klašnja, M. (2016). Increasing rents and incumbency disadvantage. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 28(2), 225–265.

Pensute, C. (2014). Vote Buying and Violence in Thai Provincial Elections (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2489920). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2489920

Peoples, C. D., & Sutton, J. E. (2015). Congressional bribery as state-corporate crime: A social network analysis.(Report). 64(2–3), 103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-015-9584-4

Pepinsky, H. (1992). Corruption, bribery and patriarchy in Tanzania. Crime, Law and Social Change, 17(1), 25–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00190170

Pereira, C. (2015). Reelecting Corrupt Incumbents in Exchange for Public Goods: Rouba mas faz in Brazil. Latin American Research Review, 50(4), 88–115.

Pereira, C., & Barros, L. S. G. (2014). Tolerance of Corruption or Ideological Blindness? Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2531881

Pereira, C., Melo, M. A., & Figueiredo, C. M. (2009). The Corruption-Enhancing Role of Re-Election Incentives? Counterintuitive Evidence from Brazil’s Audit Reports. Political Research Quarterly, 62(4), 731–744. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912908320664

Pereira, M., & Cruz Vieira, W. (2010). Corruption in a neoclassical growth model with a non-convex production function. International Review of Economics, 57(3), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-010-0091-8

Pereira, V., & Temouri, Y. (2018). Impact of institutions on emerging European high-growth

516 

 

firms. Management Decision, 56(1), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2017-0279

Peres, M., Ameer, W., & Xu, H. L. (2018). The impact of institutional quality on foreign direct investment inflows: Evidence for developed and developing countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 31(1), 626–644. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2018.1438906

Perez, M. F., Brada, J. C., & Drabek, Z. (2011). Illicit money flows as motives for FDI. Journal of Comparative Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2011.03.007

Persily, N., & Lammie, K. (2004). Perceptions of corruption and campaign finance: When public opinion determines constitutional law.(Symposium: The Law of Democracy). University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 153(1), 119.

Persson, A., & Rothstein, B. (2015). It’s My Money: Why Big Government May Be Good Government. Comparative Politics, 47(2), 1.

Persson, A., Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2012). Rethinking the nature of the grabbing hand. In S. Holmberg & B. Rothstein (Eds.), Good Government: The Relevance of Political Science (pp. 251–273). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Persson, A., Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2013). Why Anticorruption Reforms Fail—Systemic Corruption as a Collective Action Problem. Governance, 26(3), 449–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2012.01604.x

Persson, A., Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2019). Getting the basic nature of systemic corruption right: A reply to Marquette and Peiffer. Governance, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12403

Persson, A., & Sjöstedt, M. (2012). State Legitimacy and the Corruptibility of Leaders. In B. Rothstein & S. Holmberg (Eds.), Good Government: The Relevance of Political Science. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Persson, T. (2003). The economic effects of constitutions. MIT Press.

Persson, T., Tabellini, G., & Trebbi, F. (2003). Electoral Rules and Corruption. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(4), 958–989. https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322493203

Petermann, A., Guzmán, J. I., & Tilton, J. E. (2007). Mining and Corruption. Resources Policy, 32(3), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2007.08.003

Peters, A. (2015). Corruption and Human Rights (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2635443). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2635443

Peters, A. (2018). Corruption as a Violation of International Human Rights. European Journal of

517 

 

International Law, 29(4), 1251–1287. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chy070

Peters, J. G., & Welch, S. (1980). The Effects of Charges of Corruption on Voting Behavior in Congressional Elections. The American Political Science Review, 74(3), 697–708. https://doi.org/10.2307/1958151

Petkoski, D., Warren, D. E., & Laufer, W. S. (2009). Collective Strategies in Fighting Corruption: Some Intuitions and Counter Intuitions. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(S4), 815–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0321-8

Petrescu, I. (2016). Size Matters: Entrepreneurship and Institutions. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 4(1), 63–80.

Petros, L., Drogalas, G., Karagiorgos, A., & Chlorou, A. (2019). Tax compliance during fiscal depression periods: The case of Greece. EuroMed Journal of Business, 14(3), 274–291. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-02-2019-0028

Petrou, A. (2014). Bank Foreign Affiliate Performance in the Face of Pervasive and Arbitrary Corruption. European Management Review, 11(3–4), 209.

Petrou, A. P. (2015). Arbitrariness of corruption and foreign affiliate performance: A resource dependence perspective. Journal of World Business, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.04.004

Petrou, A. P., & Thanos, I. C. (2014). The “grabbing hand” or the “helping hand” view of corruption evidence from bank foreign market entries. Journal of World Business : JWB, 49(3), 444–454.

Petrovsky, N. (2004). Does Natural Resource Wealth Spoil and Corrupt Governments? A New Test of the Resource Curse Thesis [Thesis or Dissertation]. University of North Texas. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4582/

Petrovsky, N., Avellaneda, C. N., & Saharia, P. (2010). Does Managerial Quality Determine Whether Easy Money Will Increase Organizational Slack? Testing the Rentier Hypothesis in Colombian Local Governments [Working Paper].

Petrucelli, J. R. (2017). Preventing fraud and mismanagement in government: Systems and structures. John Wiley & Sons.

Petty, A. R. (2006). How qui tam actions could fight public corruption. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 39(4), 851–888.

Peyton, K. (2020). Does Trust in Government Increase Support for Redistribution? Evidence from Randomized Survey Experiments. American Political Science Review, 114(2), 596–602. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000076

518 

 

Peyton, K., & Belasen, A. R. (2012). Corruption in Emerging and Developing Economies: Evidence from a Pooled Cross-Section. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 48(2), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.2753/REE1540-496X480202

Pezzulo, D. (1998). Journalist Training to Curb Corruption. Economic Perspectives, 3(5), 30–33.

Pfarrer, M. D., DeCelles, K. A., Smith, K. G., & Taylor, M. S. (2008). After the fall: Reintegrating the corrupt organization. The Academy of Management Review, 33(3), 730–749. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159433

Pharr, S. (2002). Public Trust and Corruption in Japan. In A. J. Heidenheimer & M. Johnston (Eds.), Political Corruption, Concepts and Contexts (3rd ed., pp. 835–862). Transaction Publishers.

Pharr, S. (2005). Contributions, Covenants, and Corruption: Politicians and Society in Japan. In Michael Johnston & Colgate University. Center for Ethics and World Societies, Civil society and corruption: Mobilizing for reform. University Press of America.

Philip Urofsky, H. W. (Marina) M. & Jennifer Rimm. (2012). How Should We Measure the Effectiveness of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act? Don’t Break What Isn’t Broken-The Fallacies of Reform. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1145–1485.

Philippou, C. (2019). Towards a unified framework for anti-bribery in sport governance. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 16(2–3), 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41310-019-00058-w

Phillips, N., de Holan, P. M., Zyglidopoulos, S., Hirsch, P., Castro, A., & Ansari, S. (2017). Contextual “Readiness” for Institutional Work. A Study of the Fight Against Corruption in Brazil. Journal of Management Inquiry, 26(4), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492617696887

Phillips, N., de Holan, P. M., Zyglidopoulos, S., Hirsch, P., Chowdhury, R., Banerjee, S., & Nagarkoti, D. S. (2017). Anna Hazare: A Corruption Crusader and His Grassroots Wisdom. Journal of Management Inquiry, 26(4), 383–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492616649441

Phillips, N., de Holan, P. M., Zyglidopoulos, S., Hirsch, P., & Hulpke, J. F. (2017). If All Else Fails, A Corporate Death Penalty? Journal of Management Inquiry, 26(4), 433–439. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492617706545

Phillips, N., de Holan, P. M., Zyglidopoulos, S., Hirsch, P., & Pelly, R. D. M. (2017). The Story of Captain Baby Face and the Coffee Maker: An Entrepreneurial Narrative Perspective on Corruption. Journal of Management Inquiry, 26(4), 390–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492616675977

519 

 

Phillips, N., de Holan, P. M., Zyglidopoulos, S., Hirsch, P., & Slager, R. (2017). The Discursive Construction of Corruption Risk. Journal of Management Inquiry, 26(4), 366–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492616686839

Phillips, T. J. (2014). The Federal Common Law of Successor Liability and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Forthcoming __ William and Mary Business Law Review __ (2015), Journal Article.

Philp, M. (1997). Defining Political Corruption. Political Studies, 45(3), 436–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00090

Philp, M. (2006). Corruption Definition and Measurement. In C. J. G. Sampford, Measuring corruption (pp. 46–56). Ashgate.

Philp, M. (2008). Peacebuilding and Corruption. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 310–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310802058786

Philp, M. (2014). New Advances in Experimental Research on Corruption. Political Studies Review, 12(1), 136–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12041_76

Philp, M. (2015). The Definition of Political Corruption. In P. Heywood, Routledge handbook of political corruption. Routledge.

Philp, M. (2018). The Corruption of Politics. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026505251900013X

Philp, M., & Dávid-Barrett, E. (2015). Realism About Political Corruption. Annual Review of Political Science, 18(Journal Article), 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-092012-134421

Phiri, J., & Guven-Uslu, P. (2019). Social networks, corruption and institutions of accounting, auditing and accountability. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 32(2), 508–530. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-07-2017-3029

Pi, J. (2021). An investigation of seeming favoritism in public procurement. The Manchester School, 89(1), 128–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/manc.12353

Pi, J., & Zhou, Y. (2015). The impacts of corruption on wage inequality and rural-urban migration in developing countries. The Annals of Regional Science, 54(3), 753–768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-015-0674-0

Piazza, J. (2016). Oil and terrorism: An investigation of mediators. Public Choice, 169(3–4), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-016-0357-0

Picci, L. (2016). The Supply-Side of International Corruption: A New Measure and a Critique [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2797143

520 

 

Picón, C., & Boehm, F. (2019). Do the determinants of corruption differ between countries with different levels of corruption? A cross-country quantile regression analysis. Revista de Economía Del Caribe, 88–100. https://doi.org/10.14482/rec.v0i23.11982

Picur, R. D., & Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2006). The impact of bureaucracy, corruption and tax compliance. Review of Accounting and Finance, 5(2), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/14757700610668985

Pierce, S. (2006). Looking like a State: Colonialism and the Discourse of Corruption in Northern Nigeria. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 48(4), 887–914.

Pierce, S. (2016). The Invention of Corruption: Political Malpractice and Selective Prosecution in Colonial Northern Nigeria. Journal of West African History, 2(2), 1–27.

Pieroni, L., & D’Agostino, G. (2013). Corruption and the effects of economic freedom. European Journal of Political Economy, 29, 54–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2012.08.002

Pieroni, Luca. (2019). Modelling Corruption Perceptions: Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asian Countries. Social Indicators Research, 142(1), 311–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1886-3

Pieroni, Luca, & D’Agostino, G. (2008). Military Spending, Corruption and Economic Growth. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-8597.1141

Pierre, N. (2015). Foreign Direct Investment: Rule of Law and Corruption. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 44(2), 281–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajfs.12089

Pieth, M. (2013). From Talk to Action: The OECD Experience. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington, Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Pieth, M. (2020). Negotiating settlements in a broader law enforcement context. Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00009.xml

Pieth, M., Low, L. A., & Bonucci, N. (2014). The OECD Convention on bribery: A commentary (2nd edition.). Cambridge University Press.

Pietra, R., & Melis, A. (2016). “Governance and corruption: Is history repeating itself?” Fostering a debate and inviting contributions from a multidisciplinary perspective. Journal of Management & Governance, 20(4), 689–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-015-9326-0

Pietrzyk-Reeves, D. (2006). Corruption And Democratization: A Civic Republican View. Acta

521 

 

Politica, 41(4), 370. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500137

Piga. (2006). A Fighting Chance Against Corruption in Public Procurement? In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide, International handbook on the economics of corruption. Edward Elgar-c2011.

Piga, G., & Coppier, R. (2006). Why do transparent public procurement and corruption go hand in hand? Rivista Di Politica Economica, 96(1/2), 185.

Pilapitiya, T. (2004). Impact of Corruption on the Human Rights Based Approach to Development. United Nations Development Programme.

Pillay, S., & Dorasamy, N. (2010). Linking cultural dimensions with the nature of corruption: An institutional theory perspective. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 10(3), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595810389793

Pillay, S., & Kluvers, R. (2014). An Institutional Theory Perspective on Corruption: The Case of a Developing Democracy. Financial Accountability & Management, 30(1), 95–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12029

Pillay, S., Ramphul, N., Dorasamy, N., & Meyer, D. (2018). Predictors of Whistle-Blowing Intentions: An Analysis of Multi-Level Variables. Administration & Society, 50(2), 186–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399715581621

Pina, V., Torres, L., & Royo, S. (2007). Are ICTs Improving Transparency and Accountability in the EU Regional and Local Governments?: An Empirical Study. Public Administration, 85(2), 449–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2007.00654.x

Pines, D. (1994). Amending the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act to Include a Private Right of Action. California Law Review, 82(1), 185–229. https://doi.org/10.2307/3480852

Pinkowitz, L., Stulz, R., & Williamson, R. (2006). Does the Contribution of Corporate Cash Holdings and Dividends to Firm Value Depend on Governance? A Cross-country Analysis. The Journal of Finance, 61(6), 2725–2751. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.01003.x

Pino, N. W., & Johnson, L. M. (2011). Police deviance and community relations in Trinidad and Tobago. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 34(3), 454–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511111157519

Pinto, J., Leana, C. R., & Pil, F. (2008). Corrupt organizations or organizations of corrupt individuals? Two types of organization-level corruption. Academy Of Management Review, 33(3), 685–709.

Pinto, P. M., & Zhu, B. (2009). Fortune or Evil? The Effect of Inward Foreign Direct Investment on Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1324750). Social Science Research Network.

522 

 

http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1324750

Piotrowski, S. J., & Ingrams, A. (2016). Linking Corruption with Institutional Failure, Terrorism, and Religious Extremism. Public Administration Review, 76(2), 360–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12518

Piplica, D. (2015). Corruption and Political Viewpoint of the Governments in Transition Countries/EU Members. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 5(1), 73–87.

Piquero, N. L., & Albanese, J. S. (n.d.). The Relationship between Corruption and Financial Crime.

Pisor, A. C., & Gurven, M. (2015). Corruption and the Other(s): Scope of Superordinate Identity Matters for Corruption Permissibility. PLoS ONE, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144542

Pitlik, H., Frank, B., & Firchow, M. (2010). The demand for transparency: An empirical note. The Review of International Organizations, 5(2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-009-9073-6

Pitts, M. (2001). Crime and corruption—Does Papua New Guinea have the capacity to control it? Pacific Economic Bulletin, 16(2), 127–134.

Pjesivac, I. (2016). Do Demographics Matter?: Individual differences in perceived news media corruption in Serbia. Journalism Practice, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1172943

Pleines, H., & Wöstheinrich, R. (2016). The International-Domestic Nexus in Anti-corruption Policy Making: The Case of Caspian Oil and Gas States. Europe - Asia Studies, 68(2), 291–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2015.1126232

Pless, J., & Fell, H. (2017). Bribes, bureaucracies, and blackouts: Towards understanding how corruption at the firm level impacts electricity reliability. Resource And Energy Economics, 47, 36–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2016.11.001

Plummer, J. (2012). Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia: Perceptions, Realities, and the Way Forward for Key Sectors. United States: World Bank Publications.

Podobnik, B., Horvatić, D., Kenett, D. Y., & Stanley, H. E. (2012). The competitiveness versus the wealth of a country. Scientific Reports, 2. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00678

Podobnik, B., Shao, J., Njavro, D., Ivanov, P., & Stanley, H. (2008). Influence of corruption on economic growth rate and foreign investment. The European Physical Journal B, 63(4), 547–550. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2008-00210-2

Podobnik, B., Vukovic, V., & Stanley, H. (2015). Does the Wage Gap between Private and

523 

 

Public Sectors Encourage Political Corruption? PLoS One, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141211

Poeschl, G., & Ribeiro, R. (2012). Everyday opinions on grand and petty corruption: A Portuguese study (OBEGEF Working Paper No. 013). OBEGEF - Observatório de Economia e Gestão de Fraude & OBEGEF Working Papers on Fraud and Corruption. https://ideas.repec.org/p/por/obegef/013.html

Pogge, T. (2005). Recognized and Violated by International Law: The Human Rights of the Global Poor. Leiden Journal of International Law, 18(4), 717–745. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156505002980

Poirson, H. (1998). Economic Security, Private Investment, and Growth in Developing Countries (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 882216). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=882216

Poisson, M. (2014). Grabbing in the education sector.

Polese, A. (2014). Informal Payments in Ukrainian Hospitals: On the Boundary between Informal Payments, Gifts, and Bribes. Anthropological Forum, 24(4), 381–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2014.953445

Polese, A., Stepurko, T., & Morris, J. (2020). Informality and (Lack of) State Legitimacy in Ukraine: A View from the Higher Educational Sector. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 123–131). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000023.xml

Policardo, L., & Carrera, E. J. S. (2018). Corruption causes inequality, or is it the other way around? An empirical investigation for a panel of countries. Economic Analysis and Policy, 59, 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2018.05.001

Polinsky, A. M., & Shavell, S. (2001). Corruption and optimal law enforcement. Journal of Public Economics, 81(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(00)00127-4

Polishchuk, L. I. (2004). Decentralization in Russia: Impact on Quality of Governance. In M. S. Kimenyi & P. Meagher, Devolution and development: Governance prospects in decentralizing states. Ashgate.

Pollack, B. J., & Reisinger, A. W. (2014). Lone Wolf Or the Start of a New Pack: Should the Fcpa Guidance Represent a New Paradigm in Evaluating Corporate Criminal Liability Risks? American Criminal Law Review, 51(1), 121–150.

Pollack, B., & Matear, A. (1996). Dictatorship, democracy and corruption in Chile. Crime, Law and Social Change, 25(4), 371–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572516

Pollitt, C. (2011). Moderation in All Things: International Comparisons of Governance Quality.

524 

 

Financial Accountability & Management, 27(4), 437–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.2011.00532.x

Polo, M. (1998). Electoral competition and political rents [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=143851

Polzer, T. (2001). Corruption: Deconstructing the World Bank Discourse (Working Paper 01-18). LSE Development Studies Institute.

Pomerantsev. (2014). Revolutionary Tactics: Insights from Police and Justice Reform in Georgia. Legatum Institute.

Ponemon, L. A. (1992). Ethical reasoning and selection-socialization in accounting. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17(3), 239–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(92)90023-L

Poniatowicz, M., Dziemianowicz, R., & Kargol-Wasiluk, A. (2020). Good Governance and Institutional Quality of Public Sector: Theoretical and Empirical Implications. European Research Studies, 23(2), 529–556.

Ponomariov, B., Balabushko, O., & Kisunko, G. (2017). The decisive impact of tax administration practices on firms’ corruption Experience and Perceptions: Evidence from Europe and Central Asia. International Journal of Public Administration, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2017.1387144

Ponzo, M., & Scoppa, V. (2011). A simple model of favouritism in recruitment. Research in Economics, 65(2), 78–88.

Poon, D. (1996). Exposure to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A guide for the U.S. companies with activities in the People’s Republic of China to minimize liability. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 19(2), 327–355.

Pop, I. A. (2012). Acceptance of corrupt acts: A comparative study of values regarding corruption in Europe. Journal of Social Research & Policy, 3(1), 27–42.

Popa, M. (2014a). Legislative Bargaining and Open Access: Economic Reform in 19th Century Britain [Working Paper].

Popa, M. (2014b). The Distributive Effects of Corruption. Political Science Research and Methods, 2(2), 273–296. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2013.29

Popa, M. (2015). Elites and Corruption. World Politics, 67(2), 313–352. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887115000040

Popa, M. (2020). Political Machines and the Institutional Background of Economic Miracles. Government and Opposition (London), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2019.33

525 

 

Pope, J. (2000). Confronting corruption: The elements of a national integrity system. Transparency International.

Pope, J., & Vogl, F. (2000). Making anticorruption agencies more effective. Finance and Development, 37(2), 6–9.

Pope, K. S. (2015). Steps to Strengthen Ethics in Organizations: Research Findings, Ethics Placebos, and What Works. Journal Of Trauma & Dissociation; J.Trauma Dissociation, 16(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2015.995021

Popescu, A., Onofrei, M., & Kelley, C. (2016). An overview of European good practices in public procurement. Eastern Journal of European Studies, 7(1), 81–91.

Popescu, A.-I. (2015). Financing Democracy or Corruption? Political Party Financing in the EU’s Southeastern and Eastern Member States. CES Working Papers, 7(2), 573–581.

Popescu, A.-I. (2016). Political Process Drivers Of Corruption In Eastern Europe. CES Working Papers, 4, 705–715.

Popoola, O. M. J., Che-Ahmad, A., & Samsudin, R. S. (2015). An empirical investigation of fraud risk assessment and knowledge requirement on fraud related problem representation in Nigeria. Accounting Research Journal, 28(1), 78–97.

Popov, S. V. (2015). Decentralized bribery and market participation. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 117(1), 108–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12081

Popova, M. (2012). Why Doesn’t the Bulgarian Judiciary Prosecute Corruption? Problems of Post-Communism, 59(5), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.2753/PPC1075-8216590503

Popova, M., & Post, V. (2018). Prosecuting high-level corruption in Eastern Europe. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, <xocs:firstpage xmlns:xocs=""/>. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2018.06.004

Poprawe, M. (2015a). A panel data analysis of the effect of corruption on tourism. Applied Economics, 47(23), 2399–2412. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1005874

Poprawe, M. (2015b). On the relationship between corruption and migration: Empirical evidence from a gravity model of migration. Public Choice, 163(3–4), 337–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0255-x

Porter, L. E., & Prenzler, T. (2016). The code of silence and ethical perceptions. Policing, 39(2), 370–386.

Porter, L., & Warrender, C. (2009). A multivariate model of police deviance: Examining the nature of corruption, crime and misconduct. Policing and Society, 19(1), 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439460802457719

526 

 

Porter, R. H., & Zona, J. D. (1993). Detection of bid rigging in procurement auctions. The Journal of Political Economy, 101(3), 518–538.

Porto, M. (2011). The Media and Political Accountability. In T. J. Power & M. M. Taylor, Corruption and democracy in Brazil: The struggle for accountability. University of Notre Dame Press.

Posadas, A. (2000). Combating corruption under international law. Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 10(2), 345–414.

Potrafke, N. (2011). Intelligence and corruption. Economics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.09.040

Potrafke, N. (2018). Electoral cycles in perceived corruption: International empirical evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2018.11.003

Pottenger, M. (2014). Incentives and norms in anticorruption reform. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 73(4), 482–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12111

Potter, J. D. (2011). Curbing corruption with political institutions.

Potts, T. (2014). Governance, corruption and Olympic success. Applied Economics, 46(31), 3882–3891. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.948672

Pouladi, K. (2016). Role of Good Governance in Reduction of Corruption with a Case Emphasis on the Islamic Republic of Iran. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 7, 634–644.

Povitkina, M. (2018). The limits of democracy in tackling climate change. Environmental Politics, 27(3), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2018.1444723

Power, T. J., & Taylor, M. M. (2011). Corruption and democracy in Brazil: The struggle for accountability. University of Notre Dame Press.

Powpaka, S. (2002). Factors Affecting Managers’ Decision to Bribe: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 40(3), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020589612191

Pozsgai-Alvarez, J. (2018). The Political Cycle of Fighting Corruption: Peru’s Experience with its First National Anti-Corruption Commission. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.600

Pozsgai-Alvarez, J. (2020). The abuse of entrusted power for private gain: Meaning, nature and theoretical evolution. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 74(4), 433–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-020-09903-4

Prabowo, H. Y., Sriyana, J., & Syamsudin, M. (2018). Forgetting corruption: Unlearning the knowledge of corruption in the Indonesian public sector. Journal of Financial Crime,

527 

 

25(1), 28–56.

Prabowo, H. Y., & Suhernita, S. (2018). Be like water: Developing a fluid corruption prevention strategy. Journal of Financial Crime, 25(4), 997–1023. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2017-0031

Praça, S., & Taylor, M. M. (2014). Inching Toward Accountability: The Evolution of Brazil’s Anticorruption Institutions, 1985–2010. Latin American Politics and Society, 56(2), 27–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2014.00230.x

Pradhan. (2007). The Many Faces of Corruption. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/978-0-8213-6725-4

Prado, M. M., & Carson, L. D. (2014). Brazilian Anti-Corruption Legislation and Its Enforcement: Potential Lessons for Institutional Design (IRIBA Working Paper: 09). http://ssrn.com/abstract=2497936

Prado, M. M., Carson, L., & others. (2016). Brazilian anti-corruption legislation and its enforcement: Potential lessons for institutional design. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 4(1), 34–71.

Praino, R., & Graycar, A. (2017). Does Corruption Follow Opportunity? A Study of the U.S. Congress. Public Integrity, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1402169

Prakash, N., Rockmore, M., & Uppal, Y. (2018). Do Criminally Accused Politicians Affect Economic Outcomes? Evidence from India (No. 2018–08; Working Papers). University of Connecticut, Department of Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/uct/uconnp/2018-08.html

Prasad, A., & Shivarajan, S. (2015). Understanding the role of technology in reducing corruption: A transaction cost approach. Journal of Public Affairs (14723891), 15(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1484

Prasad, M., & Nickow, A. (2016). Mechanisms of the “Aid Curse”: Lessons from South Korea and Pakistan. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(11), 1612–1627. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1178382

Prasser, S. (2012). Australian integrity agencies in critical perspective. Policy Studies, 33(1), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2011.637325

Prato, G. (2004). Devil Is Not as Wicked as People Believe, Neither Is the Albanian’: Corruption Between Moral Discourses and National Identity. In I. Pardo (Ed.), Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society. Ashgate.

Precupetu, I. (2012). Systemic Factors of Corruption in Romania: Evidence from Discourses on Corruption. In D. Tänzler, K. Maras, & A. Giannakopoulos, The social construction of

528 

 

corruption in Europe. Ashgate Pub.

Prendergast, C. (1999). Investigating Corruption. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-2500

Prenzler, T. (2009). Police corruption: Preventing misconduct and maintaining integrity. CRC Press.

Prenzler, T., Beckley, A., & Bronitt, S. (2013). Police Gifts and Benefits Scandals: Addressing Deficits in Policy, Leadership and Enforcement. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 15(4), 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2013.15.4.319

Prenzler, T., & Mackay, P. (1995). Police gratuities: What the public think. Criminal Justice Ethics, 14(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/0731129X.1995.9991985

Previtali, P., & Cerchiello, P. (2017). The determinants of whistleblowing in public administrations: An analysis conducted in Italian health organizations, universities, and municipalities. Public Management Review, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2017.1417468

Price, M. (2006). Case Study: Integrity Due Diligence. In Business Against Corruption: Case Stories and Examples (Vol. 1, pp. 119–126).

Price, P. (1999). Cosmologies and Corruption in (South) India—Thinking Aloud. Forum for Development Studies, 2, 315–327.

Price, R., Román, F. J., & Rountree, B. (2011). The impact of governance reform on performance and transparency. Journal of Financial Economics, 99(1), 76–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.08.005

Priess, H.-J. (2013). Questionable Assumptions: The Case for Updating the Suspension and Debarment Regimes at the Multilateral Development Banks. The George Washington International Law Review, 45(2), 271–289.

Priks, M. (2011). Judiciaries in corrupt societies. Economics of Governance, 12(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-010-0082-y

Priks, M. (2012). Competition among officials and the abuse of power. Public Choice, 150(3), 425–438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9709-3

Primakov, D. (2019). Role of government’s legal adviser in curbing corruption in Israel. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-12-2017-0125

Priyatno, D. (2018). Non Conviction Based (NCB) Asset Forfeiture for Recovering the Corruption Proceeds in Indonesia. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 9(1(31)), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v9.1(31).27

529 

 

Profiroiu, M., Andrei, T., Popescu, G., & Profiroiu, A. (2006). Local Governance and Corruption. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 2(17), 62–68.

Proskuryakova, L., Abdrakhmanova, G., & Pitlik, H. (2013). Public Sector E-Innovations: E-Government and Its Impact on Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2206964). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2206964

Prud’Homme, R. (1995). The Dangers of Decentralization. The World Bank Research Observer, 10(2), 201.

Prykhodko, A., & Oksin, V. (2020). Corruption Factor as a Destabilizing Element of Development of the Space Industry. Advanced Space Law, 5, 71–82. https://doi.org/10.29202/asl/2020/5/7

Pržulj, Ž., & Kostadinović, S. (2014). Cultural Roots Of Corruption—The Case Of Western Balkans. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(22), 467.

Puckett, B. (2008). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, OPIC, and the Retreat from Transparency. 15(1), 149–176. https://doi.org/10.2979/GLS.2008.15.1.149

Puckett, B. (2010). Clans and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Individualized corruption prosecution in situations of systemic corruption. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41(4), 815.

Puffer, S. M., McCarthy, D. J., & Peng, M. W. (2013). Managing favors in a global economy. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(2), 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-012-9340-6

Puglisi, R., & James M. Snyder, Jr. (2008). Media Coverage of Political Scandals (Working Paper No. 14598). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w14598

Puiu, M. A., & Nistor, C. N. (2014). Investigation Of Corruption Within Multinationals. SEA: Practical Application of Science, 1, 487–498.

Pulok, M. H. (2010). The impact of corruption on economic development of Bangladesh: Evidence on the basis of an extended Solow model [Working Paper]. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28755

Pulok, M. H., & Ahmed, M. U. (2017). Does corruption matter for economic development? Long run evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Social Economics, 44(3), 350–361.

Punch, M. (2000). Police Corruption and its Prevention. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 8(3), 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008777013115

530 

 

Pupović, E. (2012). Corruption’s Effect On Foreign Direct Investment – The Case Of Montenegro. Economic Review : Journal of Economics and Business, 2, 13–28.

Purcell, A. J. (2016). Australian local government corruption and misconduct. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(1), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2013-0060

Purohit. (2007). Corruption in Tax Administration. In Anwar Shah, Performance accountability and combating corruption. World Bank.

Pushak, T., Tiongson, E. R., & Varoudakis, A. (2007). Public Finance, Governance, and Growth in Transition Economies: Empirical Evidence from 1992-2004. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4255

Pusok, K. (2016). Public-Private Partnerships and Corruption in the Water and Sanitation Sectors in Developing Countries. Political Research Quarterly, 69(4), 678–691. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912916658552

Pustoviit, R., Kuklin, O., & Kryvoruchko, M. (2019). An Institutional Approach to the Analysis of Kleptocratic Economy in the Context of Europeanization. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 5(4), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-4-203-211

Putra, A. M., Pagalung, G., & Habbe, A. H. (2018). Level of agency cost driven by cultural and corruption and earnings management: Evidence of South East Asia countries. Intangible Capital, 14(4), 499–517. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.1289

Putra, A. S., Ismansyah, I., & Zurnetti, A. (2020). Authority of Commission of Corruption Eradication in Prosecution of Money Laundering. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(6), 809–819. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i6.1308

Pyman, M. (2017). Addressing Corruption in Military Institutions. Public Integrity, 19(5), 513–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1285267

Pyman, M. J. (2012). Arresting Corruption in the Police: The Global Experience of Police Corruption Reform Efforts. Transparency International UK.

Pyman, M., Scott, D., Waldron, A., & Voika, I. (2008). Building Integrity and Reducing Corruption Risk in Defense Establishments. Connections: The Quarterly Journal, 7(2), 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/Connections.07.2.03

Pyman, M., Wilson, R., & Scott, D. (2009). The Extent of Single Sourcing in Defence Procurement and Its Relevance as a Corruption Risk: A First Look. Defence and Peace Economics, 20(3), 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690802016506

Qazi, T., Ali, I., & Rashid, A. (2020). Prioritizing determinants of effective whistle blowing (WB). International Journal of Law and Management, 62(3), 213–230.

531 

 

https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-10-2017-0244

Qerimi, Q., & Sergi, B. S. (2012). The effects of economic freedom on institutional performance in the Western Balkans countries. Int. J. of Business Governance and Ethics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBGE.2012.046103

Qi, S., & Ongena, S. (2019). Will Money Talk? Firm Bribery and Credit Access. Financial Management, 48(1), 117–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12218

Qian, Nancy, & Wen, J. (2015). Xi Jinping’s Anti-Corruption Campaign and the Import of Luxury Goods in China [Working Paper].

Qian, Ningyu. (2018). Anti-corruption effects on the credit risk of local financing vehicles and the pricing of Chengtou bonds: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China. Finance Research Letters, 26, 162–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.01.001

Qian, Ningyu. (2019). How does anti-corruption affect firm labour inputs? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China. Applied Economics Letters, 26(8), 707–711. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1489497

Qian, X., & Sandoval-Hernandez, J. (2016). Corruption Distance and Foreign Direct Investment. Emerging Markets Finance And Trade; Emerg.Mark.Financ.Trade, 52(2), 400–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2015.1047301

Qizilbash, M. (2001). Corruption and Human Development: A Conceptual Discussion. Oxford Development Studies, 29(3), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600810120088868

Qu, G., Slagter, B., Sylwester, K., & Doiron, K. (2019). Explaining the standard errors of corruption perception indices. Journal of Comparative Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.07.003

Qu, G., Sylwester, K., & Wang, F. (2018). Anticorruption and growth: Evidence from China. European Journal of Political Economy, 55, 373–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2018.02.003

Quade, E. A. (2007). The Logic of Anticorruption Enforcement Campaigns in Contemporary China. Journal of Contemporary China, 16(50), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670560601026751

Quah. (2009). Benchmarking for Excellence: A Comparative Analysis of Seven Asian Anti-Corruption Agencies. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 31(2), 171–195.

Quah, J. (n.d.). Minimizing Corruption in China: Is This an Impossible Dream? (Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies, No. 4.). Retrieved July 11, 2016, from https://www.law.umaryland.edu/programs/international/eastasia/MSCAS2013_4.html

532 

 

Quah, J. (1994). Controlling corruption in city-states: A comparative study of Hong Kong and Singapore. Crime, Law and Social Change, 22(4), 391–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01302927

Quah, J. (2004). Democratization and political corruption in the Philippines and South Korea: A comparative analysis. Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041038.66924.8b

Quah, J. (2009). Curbing Corruption in a One-Party Dominant System: Learning from Singapore’s Experience. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma, Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge.

Quah, J. (2010). Defying institutional failure: Learning from the experiences of anti-corruption agencies in four Asian countries. Crime, Law and Social Change, 53(1), 23–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-009-9213-1

Quah, J. S. (2017a). Five success stories in combating corruption: Lessons for policy makers. Asian Education and Development Studies, 6(3), 275–289.

Quah, J. S. (2017b). Singapore’s success in combating corruption: Lessons for policy makers. Asian Education and Development Studies, 6(3), 263–274.

Quah, J. S. T. (1999). Comparing anti-corruption measures in Asian countries: Lessons to be learnt. Published by Pagesetters Services PTE Ltd. for Center for Advanced Studies, National University of Singapore.

Quah, J. S. T. (2003). Curbing corruption in Asia: A comparative study of six countries. Eastern Universities Press.

Quah, J. S. T. (2009). Combating corruption in the Asia-Pacific countries: What do we know and what needs to be done?

Quah, J. S. T. (2010a). Curbing Corruption in the Philippines: Is this an Impossible Dream? Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 54(1–2), 1–43.

Quah, J. S. T. (2010b). Trust and Governance in the Philippines and Singapore: A comparative Analysis. International Public Management Review, 11(2), 4–37.

Quah, J. S. T. (2015a). Evaluating the effectiveness of anti- corruption agencies in five Asian countries. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 143–143.

Quah, J. S. T. (2015b). Singapore’s Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 76–76.

Quah, J. S. T. (2016a). Combating corruption in six Asian countries: A comparative analysis. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 244–262.

533 

 

Quah, J. S. T. (2016b). Minimising corruption in Myanmar: An impossible dream? Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 175–194.

Quah, J. S. T. (2017). Learning from Singapore’s effective anti-corruption strategy. Asian Education and Development Studies, 6(1), 17–29.

Quah, J. S. T. (2018). Combating Corruption in Asian Countries: Learning from Success & Failure. Daedalus, 147(3), 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00511

Quazi, R., Alam, A., & Tandon, S. (2015). Impact of Foreign Aid on Corruption: An Econometric Case Study of South Asia and East Asia. Global Journal of Business Research, 9(4), 17–30.

Quazi, R. M. (2014). Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia and South Asia: An Econometric Study. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 4(2), 231–242.

Quazi, R., Vemuri, V., & Soliman, M. (2014). Impact of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment in Africa. International Business Research, 7(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v7n4p1

Querubin, P., & Snyder, J. (2013). The Control of Politicians in Normal Times and Times of Crisis: Wealth Accumulation by U.S. Congressmen, 1850-1880. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 8(4), 409–450. https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00012104

Querubin, P., & Snyder Jr, J. M. (2009). The returns to US congressional seats in the mid-19th century. In The political economy of democracy (pp. 255–240). https://www.law.yale.edu/system/files/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/Snyder_ReturnstoUSCongressionalSeats.pdf

Quibria, M. G. (2006). Does Governance Matter? Yes, No or Maybe: Some Evidence from Developing Asia. Kyklos, 59(1), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2006.00322.x

Quinones, E. (2000). What is corruption? Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The OECD Observer, 220, 23–24.

Quinones, E. (2003). The OECD Convention and Asia. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 27–45). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0002

Quiroz, A. W. (2008). Corrupt circles: A history of unbound graft in Peru. Woodrow Wilson Center Press ; Baltimore.

Rabbiosi, L., & Santangelo, G. (2019). Host country corruption and the organization of HQ–subsidiary relationships. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(1), 111–124.

534 

 

https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-0169-1

Rabl, T. (2006). What Makes Decision-Makers in Companies to Act Corruptly? - An Action Model. International Journal of Knowledge, Culture & Change Management, 6(2), 103–110.

Rabl, T. (2008). Private corruption and its actors: Insights into the subjective decision making processes. Pabst Science Publishers.

Rabl, T. (2011). The Impact of Situational Influences on Corruption in Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 100(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0768-2

Rabl, T. (2015). When allegedly corrupt organizations are attractive. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(7), 771–785.

Rabl, T., & Kühlmann, T. (2008). Understanding Corruption in Organizations – Development and Empirical Assessment of an Action Model. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 477–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9898-6

Rabl, T., & Kühlmann, T. M. (2009). Why or why not? Rationalizing corruption in organizations. Cross Cultural Management, 16(3), 268–286. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600910977355

Rabnawaz, A. (2015). Corruption, Inequality and Economic Growth. Developing Country Studies, 5(15), 106–111.

Rachmilevitch, S. (2013). Bribing in first-price auctions. Games and Economic Behavior, 77(1), 214–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2012.10.005

Radeljić, B., & Đorđević, V. (2020). Clientelism and the Abuse of Power in the Western Balkans. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 22(5), 597–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2020.1799299

Radin, D. (2016). Why health care corruption needs a new approach. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 21(3), 212–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1355819615614870

Radu, I., Sabau, M., Sendroiu, C., & Pete, S. (2015). Coercive Economic Diplomacy – Corruption Trigger or Deterrent. Economic Computation And Economic Cybernetics Studies And Research; Econ.Comput.Econ.Cybern.Stud., 49(1).

Radu, L. (2017). Corruption In The European Union And The Responsibility Of European Institutions. Transylvanian Review Of Administrative Sciences, 2017(50E), 164–176. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.2017.0010

Radu, Liviu. (2017). Corruption in the European Union and the Responsibility of European Institutions. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 13(50), 164–176.

535 

 

https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.2017.0010

Raeschke-Kessler, H., & Gottwald, D. (2008). Corruption in Foreign Investment-Contracts and Dispute Settlement between Investors, States, and Agents. The Journal of World Investment & Trade, 9(1), vii–33. https://doi.org/10.1163/221190008X00296

Raganelli, B. (2016). Preventive Anti-Corruption Measures in Public Procurement: Issues and Challenges [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2808610

Rahayu, I. P., & Widodo, T. (2013a). The Causal Relationship between Corruption and Poverty in ASEAN: A General Method of Moments / Dynamic Panel Data Analysis.

Rahayu, I. P., & Widodo, T. (2013b). The Causal Relationship between Corruption and Poverty in ASEAN: A General Method of Moments/Dynamic Panel Data Analysis. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 15(3), 527–536.

Rahman, A., Kisunko, G., & Kapoor, K. (2000). Estimating the Effects of Corruption: Implications for Bangladesh (No. WPS2479; World Bank Policy Research Working Paper). https://openknowledge-worldbank-org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/handle/10986/19765

Rahman, Md. (2018). Governance matters: Climate change, corruption, and livelihoods in Bangladesh. Climatic Change, 147(1–2), 313–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2139-9

Rahman, Mh, Anbarci, N., Bhattacharya, P. S., & Ulubasoglu, M. A. (2017). Can extreme rainfall trigger democratic change? The role of flood-induced corruption. Public Choice, 171(3–4), 331–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-017-0440-1

Rais, S., Sutopo, S., & Wijaya, M. (2019). Description of Honesty Value in "Sahabat Pemberani " Part “Main Jujur”, an Animated Series Produced by Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commision (KPK). International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(3), 416–419. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i3.858

Rajagopal, B. (1999). Corruption, legitimacy and human rights: The dialectic of the relationship. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 495–507.

Rajaković, D., & Milovanović, A. (2019). Corruption as a jeopardizing factor of health care system development in the Republic of Serbia. Megatrend Revija, 16(1), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.5937/MegRev1901111R

Rajan, R., & Subramanian, A. (2007). Does Aid Affect Governance. American Economic Review, 97(2), 322–327. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.2.322

Rajkumar, A. S., & Swaroop, V. (2008). Public spending and outcomes: Does governance

536 

 

matter? Journal of Development Economics, 86(1), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.08.003

Rakolobe, M. (2019). Politicised Public Service and Corruption in Lesotho. Strategic Review for Southern Africa, 41(1), 97–121.

Ralchev, P. (2004). The role of civil society in fighting corruption and organized crime in Southeast Europe. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 4(2), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468385042000247600

Raluca, I. (2018). Brain Drain Phenomenon in Romania: What Comes in Line after Corruption?: A Quantitative Analysis of the Determinant Causes of Romanian Skilled Migration. Revista Română de Comunicare Şi Relaţii Publice = Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations, 20(2), 53–78. https://doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2018.2.259

Rama, M. D., & Lester, M. (2019). Anti-corruption commissions: Lessons for the Asia-Pacific region from a proposed Australian federal anti-corruption watchdog. Asia Pacific Business Review, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2019.1589971

Ramalho, R. (2007). The persistence of corruption: Evidence from the 1992 presidential impeachment in Brazil (No. 45250; pp. 1–34). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/01/9831549/persistence-corruption-evidence-1992-presidential-impeachment-brazil

Ramamoorthy, N., Kulkarni, S. P., & Gupta, A. (2015). To Bribe or Not to Bribe? Determinants in the Indian Context. European Management Review, 12(4), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12053

Ramasastry, A. (2007). Odious debt or odious payments? Using anti-corruption measures to prevent odious debt. North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 32(4), 819–839.

Ramdani, D., & Witteloostuijn, A. van. (2012). The Shareholder–Manager Relationship and Its Impact on the Likelihood of Firm Bribery. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(4), 495–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1105-5

Ramirez, C. D. (2014). Is corruption in China “out of control”? A comparison with the US in historical perspective. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS, 42(1), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.07.003

Ramkumar, V. (n.d.). Our Money, Our Responsibility: A Citizens’ Guide to Monitoring Government Expenditures. GSDRC. Retrieved July 11, 2016, from http://www.gsdrc.org/document-library/our-money-our-responsibility-a-citizens-guide-to-monitoring-government-expenditures/

537 

 

Ramkumar, V. (2007). Expanding Collaboration between SAIs and Civil Society. International Journal of Government Auditing, 34(2), 15–19.

Ramkumar, V., & Krafchik, W. (n.d.). The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Auditing and Public Finance Management. Retrieved July 11, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/the-role-of-civil-society-organizations-in-auditing-and-public-finance-management/

Ramos, M. (2018). Corruption in Latin America. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 9(2), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617729884

Rand, J., & Tarp, F. (2012). Firm-Level Corruption in Vietnam. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 60(3), 571–595. https://doi.org/10.1086/664022

Randall, D. M., & Fernandes, M. F. (1991). The social desirability response bias in ethics research. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(11), 805–817. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383696

Randall, L. H. (1997). Multilateralization of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, 6, 657–657.

Randrianarisoa, L. M., Bolduc, D., Choo, Y. Y., Oum, T. H., & Yan, J. (2015). Effects of corruption on efficiency of the European airports. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 79(Journal Article), 65.

Rankin, K. N., Hamal, P., Lewison, E., & Sigdel, T. S. (2019). Corruption as a Diagnostic of Power: Navigating the Blurred Boundaries of the Relational State. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 42(5), 920–936. https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2019.1644470

Raouf, M. A. (2009). How Should International Arbitrators Tackle Corruption Issues? ICSID Review, 24(1), 116–136. https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/24.1.116

Raphaelson, I. H. (2019). My “Theory of Everything:” the Evolution of Corporate Governance in the 40 Years Since Passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. University of Illinois Law Review, 2019(4), 1173–1204.

Rarick, C., Williams, H., Barczyk, C., & James, A. (2018). Walmart de Mexico and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Stepping Over the Border and Stepping Over the Line. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 15(1), 43–50.

Rashid, S. (1981). Public Utilities in Egalitarian LDC’s: The Role of Bribery in Achieving Pareto Efficiency. Kyklos, 34(3), 448.

Rasmusen, E. (1996). Stigma and Self-Fulfilling Expectations of Criminality. The Journal of Law & Economics, 39(2), 519–543.

538 

 

Rasmusen, E., & Ramseyer, J. M. (1994). Cheap bribes and the corruption ban: A coordination game among rational legislators. Public Choice (1986-1998), 78(3–4), 305.

Rasul, I., & Rogger, D. (2017). Management of Bureaucrats and Public Service Delivery: Evidence from the Nigerian Civil Service. The Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12418

Ratcliffe, R. (2014). The FCPA’s Legacy: A Case for Imposing Aiding-and-Abetting Liability on Corporations Through an Amended Alien Tort Claims Act. Texas International Law Journal, 49(1), 83–119.

Ratha, D. (2005). Workers’ Remittances: An Important and Stable Source of External Development Finance. http://repository.stcloudstate.edu/econ_seminars/9

Rauch, J. E. (1995). Bureaucracy, Infrastructure, and Economic Growth: Evidence from U.S. Cities During the Progressive Era. The American Economic Review, 85(4), 968–979.

Rauch, J. E. (2001). Leadership selection, internal promotion, and bureaucratic corruption in less developed polities. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d’économique, 34(1), 240–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/0008-4085.00073

Rauch, J. E., & Evans, P. B. (2000). Bureaucratic structure and bureaucratic performance in less developed countries. Journal of Public Economics, 75(1), 49–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00044-4

Rauh, J. (2015). Predicting Political Influence on State Ethics Commissions: Of Course We Are Ethical-Nudge Nudge, Wink Wink. Public Administration Review, 75(1), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12290

Rauh, W. J. (2016). Changing Ethics Policies Without Scandal: State Responses to Published Reports and the Importance of Accurate Information. Public Integrity, 18(3), 308–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1139530

Rauschenbach, M., & Paula, K. (2019). Intimidating voters with violence and mobilizing them with clientelism. Journal of Peace Research, 0022343318822709. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318822709

Rayner, H. (2012). Corruption in France: Structural and Contextual Conditions. In D. Tanzler, M. Konstadinos, & A. Giannakopoulos (Eds.), The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (pp. 107–132). Ashgate. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HxWgCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA107&dq=Rayner,+Herve.+2012.+%E2%80%9CCorruption+in+France:+Structural+and+Contextual+Conditions%E2%80%9D,+in+Dirk+Tanzler,+Konstadinos+Maras+%26+Angelos+Giannakopoulos+eds.,+The+Social+Construction+of+Corruption+in+Europe+(Ashgate),+pp.+107-132.&ots=nMrsPkqyU5&sig=QsGgS54jrc4ijgzSf-jcxbbfrsw

539 

 

Razafindrakoto, M., & Roubaud, F. (2007). Corruption, Institutional Discredit, and Exclusion of the Poor: A Poverty Trap (Afrobarometer Working Paper 86).

Razafindrakoto, M., & Roubaud, F. (2010). Are International Databases on Corruption Reliable? A Comparison of Expert Opinion Surveys and Household Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 38(8), 1057–1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.02.004

Razzano, F. C., & Nelson, T. P. (2008). The expanding criminalization of transnational bribery: Global prosecution necessitates global compliance. International Lawyer, 42(4), 1259+. LegalTrac.

Recanatini, F., Wallsten, S., & Xu, C. L. (2002). Surveying Surveys and Questioning Questions: Learning From the World Bank Experience on Firm Surveys. China Economic Quarterly, 4(006). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-JJXU200204006.htm

Recanatini, Francesca. (2011). Anti-corruption authorities: An effective tool to curb corruption? In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Soreide (Eds.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, Vol. II. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://ideas.repec.org/h/elg/eechap/14003_19.html

Recanatini, Francesca. (2012). Assessing Corruption at the Country Level. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar.

Recanatini, Francesca. (2013). Tackling Corruption and Promoting Better Governance: The Road Ahead. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-Corruption Policy: Can International Actors Play a Constructive Role? (pp. 55–74). Carolina Academic Press.

Record, R. (2005). Corruption, good governance and the economic development of Vietnam [Working Paper]. http://www.grips.ac.jp/vietnam/VDFTokyo/Doc/1stConf18Jun05/OPP02RichardPPR.pdf

Redlawsk, D. P., & McCann, J. A. (2005). Popular Interpretations of ‘Corruption’ and their Partisan Consequences. Political Behavior, 27(3), 261–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-005-4469-3

Reed, Q. (2008). Conflicts of Interest and How To Regulate Them (U4 Issue 2008:6).

Reed, Q., & Fontana, A. (2011). Corruption and Illicit Financial Flows: The Limits and possibilities of current approaches (U4 Issue Paper 2011:3).

Reed, S. R. (1996). Political corruption in Japan. International Social Science Journal, 48(149), 395–405.

540 

 

Reed, S. R. (1999). Punishing corruption: The response of the Japanese electorate to scandals. Political Psychology in Japan: Behind the Nails Which Sometimes Stick out (and Get Hammered down). Commack, NY: Nova Science.

Reeder, M. (2016). Bad Math: State-Centric Anti-Corruption Enforcement + International Information Sharing Agreements = Conflicting Corporate Incentives. International Lawyer, 49(3), 325–341.

Reeves-Latour, M, & Morselli, C. (2017). Bid-rigging networks and state-corporate crime in the construction industry. Social Networks, 51, 158–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2016.10.003

Reeves-Latour, Maxime, & Morselli, C. (2017). Fighting corruption in a time of crisis: Lessons from a radical regulatory shift experience. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9741-z

Rehren, A. (1996). Corruption and local politics in Chile. Crime, Law and Social Change, 25(4), 323–334.

Rehren, A. (2009). The Crisis of the Democratic State. In C. H. BLAKE & S. D. MORRIS (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (pp. 46–59). University of Pittsburgh Press; JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh6n2.5

Reichborn-Kjennerud, K., González-Díaz, B., Bracci, E., Carrington, T., Hathaway, J., Jeppesen, K. K., & Steccolini, I. (2019). Sais work against corruption in Scandinavian, South-European and African countries: An institutional analysis. The British Accounting Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.100842

Reinecke, A., & Schmerer, H.-J. (2018). Redistribution, trade and corruption: An empirical assessment. Applied Economics, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1436153

Reinikka, R., & Svensson, J. (2004). Local Capture: Evidence from a Central Government Transfer Program in Uganda. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(2), 679–705.

Reinikka, R., & Svensson, J. (2005). Fighting Corruption to Improve Schooling: Evidence from a Newspaper Campaign in Uganda. Journal of the European Economic Association, 3(2/3), 259–267.

Reinikka, R., & Svensson, J. (2006a). How corruption affects service delivery and what can be done about it. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (p. 441). http://www.lcis.com.tw/paper_store/paper_store/Edward%20Elgar%20-%20Inter_T-2014124212462-201412443258515.pdf#page=480

Reinikka, R., & Svensson, J. (2006b). Using Micro-Surveys to Measure and Explain Corruption.

541 

 

World Development, 34(2), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.009

Reinikka, R., & Svensson, J. (2011). The power of information in public services: Evidence from education in Uganda. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 956–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.02.006

Reisberg, L. (2020). Challenges to Eradicating Academic Corruption: Concluding Thoughts. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 175–182). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000033.xml

Reisinger, W. M., Zaloznaya, M., & Claypool, V. L. H. (2016). Does everyday corruption affect how Russians view their political leadership? Post-Soviet Affairs, 0(0), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2016.1227033

Reisman, W. M. (1989). Harnessing International Law to Restrain and Recapture Indigenous Spoliations. The American Journal of International Law, 83(1), 56–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/2202791

Reiter, S. L., & Steensma, H. K. (2010). Human Development and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: The Influence of FDI Policy and Corruption. World Development, 38(12), 1678–1691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.04.005

Relly, J. E. (2011). Corruption, secrecy, and access-to-information legislation in Africa: A cross-national study of political institutions. In S. Maret (Ed.), Research in social problems and public policy–Government secrecy (pp. 325–352). http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdf/10.1108/S0196-1152(2011)0000019021

Relly, J. E. (2012). Examining a model of vertical accountability: A cross-national study of the influence of information access on the control of corruption. Government Information Quarterly, 29(3), 335–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2012.02.011

Relly, J. E., & Cuillier, D. (2010). A comparison of political, cultural, and economic indicators of access to information in Arab and non-Arab states. Government Information Quarterly, 27(4), 360–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.04.004

Relly, J. E., Rabbi, M. F., Sabharwal, M., Pakanati, R., & Schwalbe, E. H. (2020). More than a decade in the making: A study of the implementation of India’s Right to Information Act. World Development, 136, 105088-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105088

Relly, J. E., & Sabharwal, M. (2009). Perceptions of transparency of government policymaking: A cross-national study. Government Information Quarterly, 26(1), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2008.04.002

Remer, J. (2017). Bribery and Its Ethical Implications for Aid Workers in the Developing World. Science And Engineering Ethics, 23(1), 227–241.

542 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-016-9750-9

Remmer, K. L. (2007). The Political Economy of Patronage: Expenditure Patterns in the Argentine Provinces, 1983–2003. The Journal of Politics, 69(2), 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00537.x

Render, M. (2020). Fiduciary Injury and Citizen Enforcement of the Emoluments Clause. The Notre Dame Law Review, 95(3), 953–1030.

Rennó, L. (2011). Corruption and voting. In T. Power & M. Taylor (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Brazil: The Struggle for Accountability. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press (pp. 56–78). University of Notre Dame Press.

Reno, W. (1995). Corruption and state politics in Sierra Leone (Vol. 229). Cambridge University Press Cambridge. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/clc/975052

Reno, W. (2008). Anti-corruption Efforts in Liberia: Are they Aimed at the Right Targets? International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 387–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310802058968

Renoe, C. E. (2002). Institutionalized Corruption: Implications for Legal Reform in Indonesia and the Need to Make Haste Slowly. Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, 2, 102–113.

Resane, K. T. (2017). The Church’s prophetic role in the face of corruption in the South African socio-political landscape. Pharos Journal of Theology, 98(1). https://doaj.org/article/1d475409a90e46609be13623889de2bd

Reuben, E., & Stephenson, M. (2013). Nobody likes a rat: On the willingness to report lies and the consequences thereof. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 93, 384–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.03.028

Rey, A., Rothe, J., & Marple, A. (2017). Path-Disruption Games: Bribery and a Probabilistic Model. Theory Of Computing Systems, 60(2), 222–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-016-9669-1

Reyes Jr., V. C. (2007). Corruption and Policy Implementation in the Philippines: A Comparative Analysis of the Teacher Training and Textbook Delivery Programmes. Asian Journal of Political Science, 15(1), 97–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370701315657

Reyes, V. C. (2009a). Case study of implementation amidst corruption linkages: The National Textbook Delivery Program (TDP) of the Philippine Department of Education. Journal of Education Policy, 24(4), 515–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930902823021

Reyes, V. C. (2009b). Systemic Corruption and the Programme on Basic Education in the Philippine Department of Education. Journal of Developing Societies, 25(4), 481–510.

543 

 

https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X0902500404

Reyes, V. C. (2010). The Philippine Department of Education: Challenges of policy implementation amidst corruption. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 30(4), 381–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2010.519696

Reyes-Housholder, C. (2019). A Theory of Gender’s Role on Presidential Approval Ratings in Corrupt Times. Political Research Quarterly, 73(3), 106591291983862–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912919838626

Reznik, O., Klochko, A., Pakhomov, V., & Markova, O. (2017). International Aspect of Legal Regulation of Corruption Offences Commission on the Example of Law Enforcement Agencies and Banking System of Ukraine. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 8(1(23)), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v8.1(23).19

Rhee, Z. (2001). Efforts to Create an Anti-Corruption Corproate Culture in Korea. In K. ADB-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region : Seoul (Ed.), Progress in the fight against corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Papers presented at the joint ABD-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region, Seoul, Korea, 11-13 December 2000. Asian Development Bank.

Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2004). Effects of Corruption on Earnings Opacity Internationally. In Advances in International Accounting (Vol. 17, pp. 73–84). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0897366004170049

Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2008). Bureaucracy, corruption and tax compliance. In Taxation and public finance in transition and developing economies (pp. 3–10). Springer. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-25712-9_1/fulltext.html

Riaz, M. F., & Cantner, U. (2020). Revisiting the relationship between corruption and innovation in developing and emerging economies. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 73(4), 395–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09867-0

Ribadu, N. (2010). Show Me the Money: Leveraging Anti-money Laundering Tools to Fight Corruption in Nigeria: an Insider Story. Center for Global Development.

Ribeiro, D., Cordeiro, N., & Guimarães, D. (2016). Interface Between The Brazilian Antitrust, Anti-Corruption, And Criminal Organization Laws: The Leniency Agreements. Law and Business Review of the Americas, 22(3), 195–244.

Richard, S. B. (2014). To Bribe a Prince: Clarifying the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act through Comparisons to the United Kingdom’s Bribery Act of 2010. Boston College International & Comparative Law Review, 37(2), 419–450.

Richards, K. (2006). What works and why in community-based anti-corruption programs.

544 

 

Transparency International Australia.

Richardson, D., & Tepikina, A. (2015). Anti-Corruption Campaign in China-The Privileged Class. The Banking Law Journal, 132(6), 309.

Richardson, G. (2006). Taxation determinants of fiscal corruption: Evidence across countries. Journal of Financial Crime, 13(3), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790610678404

Richey, S. (2010). The Impact of Corruption on Social Trust. American Politics Research, 38(4), 676–690. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X09341531

Richmanova, J. (2006). In Search of Microeconomic Models of Anti-Corruption Measures—A Review (Discussion Paper No. 2006-157; CERGE-EI Discussion Paper Series). Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education, Charles University; Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.

Richter, D., & Uhmeister, P. (2013). Returning “Politically Exposed Persons” Illicit Assets from Switzerland – International Law in the Force Field of Complexity and Conditionality. German Yearbook of International Law, 56, 457–499.

Rider, B. A. K. (1995). The wages of sin—Taking the profit out of corruption—A British perspective. Dickinson Journal of International Law, 13(3), 391–421.

Rider, B. A. K. (2007). Recovering the proceeds of corruption. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 10(1), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685200710721845

Ridge, L. (2019). Expected FCPA Enforcement in Latin America. Criminal Justice, 34(2), 50–56.

Ridinger, G. (2018). Cultural Transmission and Extortion. Games, 9(3), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/g9030049

Ridley, D. (2020). Game Theoretic Choices Between Corrupt Dictatorship Exit Emoluments and Nation-Building CDR Benefits: Is There a Nash Equilibrium? American Economist, 65(1), 51–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0569434519878858

Ridley, F. F. (1995). Feet of Clay: Threat to the Temples of Democracy. Parliamentary Affairs, 48(4), 617–631.

Rieder, M. S., & Schoenemann, A. (2013). Suspicion of Corruption in Arbitration: A German Perspective. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1954

Riera, P., Barberá, P., Gómez, R., Mayoral, J. A., & Montero, J. R. (2013). The electoral consequences of corruption scandals in Spain. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(5),

545 

 

515–534. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1007/s10611-013-9479-1

Rigi, J. (2004). Corruption in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan. In I. Pardo (Ed.), Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 101–118). Ashgate Publishing. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/10686/

Rijkers, B., Baghdadi, L., & Raballand, G. (2015). Political Connections and Tariff Evasion: Evidence from Tunisia (No. 961; Working Papers). Economic Research Forum. https://ideas.repec.org/p/erg/wpaper/961.html

Rijkers, B., Freund, C., & Nucifora, A. (2017). All in the family: State capture in Tunisia. Journal of Development Economics, 124, 41–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.08.002

Riley, L., & Chilanga, E. (2018). ‘Things are not working now’: Poverty, food insecurity and perceptions of corruption in urban Malawi. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2018.1547373

Riley, P., & Roy, R. K. (2016). Corruption and Anticorruption: The Case of India. 32(1), 73–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609755

Riley, S. P. (1992). Post-independence anti-corruption strategies and the contemporary effects of democratization. Corruption and Reform, 7(3), 249.

Riley, S. P. (1998). The Political Economy of Anti-Corruption Strategies in Africa. European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 129.

Riley, S. P. (1999). Petty corruption and development. Development in Practice, 9(1–2), 189–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614529953368

Riley, S. P. (2000). Western Policies and African Realities: The New Anti-Corruption Agenda. In Corruption and Development in Africa (pp. 137–158). Springer. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780333982440_8

Rimšaitė, L. (2019). Corruption risk mitigation in energy sector: Issues and challenges. Energy Policy, 125, 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.10.066

Rinaldi, S., Feichtinger, G., & Wirl, F. (1998). Corruption dynamics in democratic societies. Complexity, 3(5), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0526(199805/06)3:5<53::AID-CPLX10>3.0.CO;2-L

Rinnert, D. (2015). The Politics of Civil Service and Administrative Reforms in Development-Explaining Within-Country Variation of Reform Outcomes in Georgia After the Rose Revolution. Public Administration and Development, 35(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1709

546 

 

Rispel, L., de Jager, P., & Fonn, S. (2016). Exploring corruption in the South African health sector. Health Policy and Planning, 31(2), 239.

Ristei, M. (2010). The Politics of Corruption: Political Will and the Rule of Law in Post-Communist Romania. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 26(3), 341–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523279.2010.496324

Rivas, M. F. (2013). An Experiment on Corruption and Gender. Bulletin of Economic Research, 65(1), 10–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.2012.00450.x

Rivera-Batiz, F. L. (2001). International Financial Liberalization, Corruption, and Economic Growth. Review of International Economics, 9(4), 727–737. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00309

Rivera-Batiz, F. L. (2002). Democracy, Governance, and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence. Review of Development Economics, 6(2), 225–247. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9361.00151

Rivkin-Fish, M. (2005). Bribes, gifts and unofficial payments: Rethinking corruption in post-Soviet Russian health care. In Corruption: Anthropological perspectives (pp. 47–64). http://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_1/CORRUPTION%20Haller_Corruption-Anthropological%20Perspectives.pdf#page=51

Rix, K. (2017). The Second Reform Act and the Problem of Electoral Corruption. Parliamentary History, 36(1), 64–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-0206.12265

Roath, P. T. (2014). The Abuse of Incumbency on Trial: Limits on Legalizing Politics. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, 47(3), 285–324.

Robbins, P. (2000). The rotten institution: Corruption in natural resource management. Political Geography, 19(4), 423–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-6298(99)00087-6

Roberts, A. (2008). Hyperaccountability: Economic voting in Central and Eastern Europe. Electoral Studies, 27(3), 533–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2008.01.008

Roberts, J. (2015). The “subject” of corruption. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 28(Journal Article), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2015.01.010

Roberts Kennedy, S. I. K. (2019). Analysis of Criminal Responsibility Misuse of Administration Authority Viewed from Corruption Criminal Enforcement Aspect in Indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(4), 526–536. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i4.1039

Roberts, R. (2018). The Search for Accountability: United States v. McDonnell and the Fundamental Right to Honest Government. Public Integrity, 20(1), 13–33.

547 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1269276

Roberts, S., Chadwick, S., & Anagnostopoulos, C. (2018). Sponsorship programmes and corruption in sport: Management responses to a growing threat. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 26(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2017.1344292

Robertson, C. J., & Watson, A. (2004). Corruption and change: The impact of foreign direct investment. Strategic Management Journal, 25(4), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.382

Robertson, C. T., Winkelman, D. A., Bergstrand, K., & Modzelewski, D. (2016). The Appearance and the Reality of Quid Pro Quo Corruption: An Empirical Investigation (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2740615). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2740615

Robertson, D. C., & Anderson, E. (1993). Control System and Task Environment Effects on Ethical Judgment: An Exploratory Study of Industrial Salespeople. Organization Science, 4(4), 617–644. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.4.617

Robertson, G., & Rummery, C. (2018). Why Australia needs a Magnitsky law. AQ - Australian Quarterly, 89(4), 19–27.

Robertson-Snape, F. (1999). Corruption, collusion and nepotism in Indonesia. Third World Quarterly, 20(3), 589–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599913703

Robinson, A. L., & Seim, B. (2018). Who is Targeted in Corruption? Disentangling the Effects of Wealth and Power on Exposure to Bribery. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 13(3), 313–331. https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00017067

Robinson, I. (2015). Truth Commissions and Anti-Corruption: Towards a Complementary Framework? International Journal of Transitional Justice, 9(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/iju022

Robinson, J. A., & Torvik, R. (2005). White elephants. Journal of Public Economics, 89(2–3), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.05.004

Robinson, J. A., Torvik, R., & Verdier, T. (2006). Political foundations of the resource curse. Journal of Development Economics, 79(2), 447–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.01.008

Robinson, J. A., & Verdier, T. (2013). The Political Economy of Clientelism. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 115(2), 260–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12010

Robinson, Mark. (1998). Corruption and Development: An Introduction. European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 1.

548 

 

Robinson, Matthew, & Rogers, J. (2018). Applying Contextual Anomie and Strain Theory to Recent Acts of Corporate Deviance. Journal of Theoretical & Philosophical Criminology, 10(2), 71–92.

Robinson, Misty. (2012). Global approach to anti-bribery and corruption, an overview: Much done, but a lot more to do... Thurgood Marshall Law Review, 37(2), 303–327.

Robinson, S. L., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (1998). Monkey See, Monkey Do: The Influence of Work Groups on the Antisocial Behavior of Employees. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(6), 658–672. https://doi.org/10.2307/256963

Roca, T. (2010). Assessing Corruption: Expert Surveys versus Household Surveys, Filling the Gap (Universite Montesquieu-Bordeauz Working Paper No. DT/160/2010). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1703665

Roca, T. (2011). Measuring corruption: Perception surveys or victimization surveys? Towards a better comprehension of populations’ perception mechanisms: press freedom, confidence and gossip [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1909860

Roca, T., Orme, W., & Brown, J. (2010). Fear and Loathing of the Corruption Perception Index: Does Transparency International Penalize Press Freedom? [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1694211

Roca, T. & others. (2010). Corruption Perceptions: The Trap of Democratization, a Panel Data Analysis (Group d’economie Lare-Efi du Développement Working Paper No. DT/161/2010). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1725434

Rocca, J. (1992). Corruption and Its Shadow: An Anthropological View of Corruption in China. China Quarterly, 130, 402–416.

Rocha, L. J., Brown, E., & Cloke, J. (2011). Of legitimate and illegitimate corruption: Bankruptcies in Nicaragua. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 7(2), 159–176.

Rock, M. T. (2009). Corruption and Democracy. The Journal of Development Studies, 45(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802468579

Rock, M. T., & Bonnett, H. (2004). The Comparative Politics of Corruption: Accounting for the East Asian Paradox in Empirical Studies of Corruption, Growth and Investment. World Development, 32(6), 999–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.12.002

Rød, E. G., Knutsen, C. H., & Hegre, H. (2020). The determinants of democracy: A sensitivity analysis. Public Choice, 185(1–2), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-019-00742-z

Rodino, P. W. (1994). The case for the independent counsel. Seton Hall Legislative Journal,

549 

 

19(1), 5–31.

Rodreck, D. (2017). Contribution of records management to audit opinions and accountability in government. South African Journal of Information Management, 19(1), e1–e14. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v19i1.771

Rodrigues-Neto, J. (2014). On corruption, bribes and the exchange of favors. Economic Modelling, 38(Journal, Electronic), 152–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.12.010

Rodríguez, F., & Sachs, J. D. (1999). Why Do Resource-Abundant Economies Grow More Slowly? Journal of Economic Growth, 4(3), 277–303.

Rodriguez, P., Siegel, D. S., Hillman, A., & Eden, L. (2006). Three lenses on the multinational enterprise: Politics, corruption, and corporate social responsibility. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 733–746. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400229

Rodriguez, P., Uhlenbruck, K., & Eden, L. (2005). Government Corruption and the Entry Strategies of Multinationals. The Academy of Management Review, 30(2), 383–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159125

Rodríguez-Martínez, C. C., García-Sánchez, I. M., Vicente-Galindo, P., & Galindo-Villardón, P. (2019). Exploring Relationships between Environmental Performance, E-Government and Corruption: A Multivariate Perspective. Sustainability, 11(22), 6497. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226497

Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Garcilazo, E. (2015). Quality of government and the returns of investment: Examining the impact of cohesion expenditure in European regions. Regional Studies, 49(8), 1274–1290.

Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Maslauskaite, K. (2011). Can policy make us happier? Individual characteristics, socio-economic factors and life satisfaction in Central and Eastern Europe. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 5(1), 77–96.

Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Storper, M. (2006). Better Rules or Stronger Communities? On the Social Foundations of Institutional Change and Its Economic Effects. Economic Geography, 82(1), 1–25.

Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Zhang, M. (2020). The cost of weak institutions for innovation in China. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 153, 119937-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119937

Roebuck, J., & Barker, T. (1974). A typology of police corruption. Social Problems, 21(3), 423–437.

550 

 

Rogelja, T., & Shannon, M. (2017). Structural power in Serbian anti-corruption forest policy network. Forest Policy and Economics, 82, 52.

Rogers, M. (2008). Directly unproductive schooling: How country characteristics affect the impact of schooling on growth. European Economic Review, 52(2), 356–385.

Rogers, S. B. (2008). The World Bank voluntary disclosure program (VDP): A distributive justice critique. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 46(3), 709–731.

Rogowski, R. (1987). Trade and the variety of democratic institutions. International Organization, 41(2), 203–223.

Rohac, D., Kumar, S., & Johansson Heinö, A. (2017). The wisdom of demagogues: Institutions, corruption and support for authoritarian populists. Economic Affairs, 37(3), 382–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12264

Rohde, C. (2014). A New Affirmative Defense to the FCPA for Countries Exiting Major Internal Strife. Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business, 13(Journal Article), 545.

Rohitarachoon, P., & Hossain, F. (2012). Decentralized Recruitment and Selection in Thailand: Friend or Foe to Local Public Administration? International Journal of Public Administration, 35(8), 553–561. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2011.653513

Rohlfsen, R. J. (2012). Recent developments in foreign and domestic criminal commercial bribery laws. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 151–193.

Rohozinska, J., & Shpak, V. (2019). Ukraine’s Post-Maidan Struggles: The Rise of an “Outsider” President. Journal of Democracy, 30(3), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2019.0040

Rohrer, I. (2020). Informal accountability. Street-level bureaucrats’ tactics to defy bad reputation in agencies of the Argentinian justice system. Oxford Development Studies, 48(3), 209–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2020.1787368

Rohwer, A. (2009). Measuring corruption: A comparison between the Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index and the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators. CESifo DICE Report, 7(3), 42–52.

Røiseland, A., Pierre, J., & Gustavsen, A. (2015). Accountability by professionalism or managerialism? Exploring attitudes among Swedish and Norwegian local government leaders. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(10), 689–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.955196

Roldan, A. C. (1991). A Brief Psychology of Corruption. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 26(4), 53–55.

551 

 

Roldán, J. (2018). Do Tolerant Societies Demand Better Institutions? Social Indicators Research, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-2002-4

Roman, A. (2014). The multi-shade paradox of public corruption: The Moldovan case of dirty hands and collective action. Crime, Law and Social Change, 62(1), 65.

Roman, A. V., & Miller, H. T. (2014). Building Social Cohesion: Family, Friends, and Corruption. ADMINISTRATION & SOCIETY, 46(7), 775–795. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399712473987

Roman, Alexandru Vasile. (2014). Refocusing Perspectives on Public Corruption Away from the Individual: Insights from the Moldovan Social Matrix. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 43, 214–231.

Romer, P. (1994). New goods, old theory, and the welfare costs of trade restrictions. Journal of Development Economics, 43(1), 5–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(94)90021-3

Romer, P. (2010). Cutting the corruption tax in Greece [Working Paper].

Ronderos, J. G., Rincon, A. O. R., & Ratpan, M. (2015). Corruption and Development: The Need for International Investigations with a Multijurisdictional Approach Involving Multilateral Development Banks and National Authorities. Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 53, 334–387.

Roniger, L. (2004). Political Clientelism, Democracy, and Market Economy. Comparative Politics, 36(3), 353–375. https://doi.org/10.2307/4150135

Ronit, K., & McMenamin, I. (2015). If money talks, what does it say? Corruption and business financing of political parties. West European Politics, 38(1), 248–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2014.962832

Ronnerstrand, B., & Lapuente, V. (2017). Corruption and use of antibiotics in regions of Europe. Health Policy, 121(3), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2016.12.010

Rontos, K., Vavouras, I., Ciommi, M., & Salvati, L. (2019). Two faces of the same coin? A comparative, global approach to corruption and socioeconomic development. Quality and Quantity, 53(4), 1875–1894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00846-0

Root, H. (1996). Corruption in China: Has It Become Systemic? Asian Survey, 36(8), 741–757. https://doi.org/10.2307/2645436

Root, H. L. (1996). Small countries, big lessons: Governance and the rise of East Asia / Hilton L. Root. Oxford University Press.

Roper, S. D. (2002). The Influence of Romanian Campaign Finance Laws on Party System Development and Corruption. Party Politics, 8(2), 175–192.

552 

 

https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068802008002002

Rosas, G., & Manzetti, L. (2015). Reassessing the trade-off hypothesis: How misery drives the corruption effect on presidential approval. Electoral Studies, 39(Journal Article), 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.03.002

Rose, C. (2011). The Application of Human Rights Law to Private Sector Complicity in Governmental Corruption. Leiden Journal of International Law, 24(3), 715–740. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1017/S0922156511000306

Rose, C. (2012). The Corner House case and the incomplete incorporation of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in the United Kingdom. Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 20(2), 351–383.

Rose, C. (2014a). Corruption and Conflicts of Interests in the United Kingdom. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 150–166). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4JrqAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+Conflicts+of+Interests+in+the+United+Kingdom%E2%80%9D,+in+Jean-Bernard+Auby,+Emmanuel+Breen+%26+Thomas+Perroud+eds.,+Corruption+and+Conflicts+of+Interest:+A+Comparative+Law+Approach+&ots=HU1F7nK_2g&sig=YdR6EJDpyaIwObTN3OzUx1Od9WA

Rose, C. (2014b). Questioning the role of international arbitration in the fight against corruption. Journal of International Arbitration, 31(2), 183–264.

Rose, C. (2016). The Limitations of a Human Rights Approach to Corruption. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 65(2), 405–438. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589316000038

Rose, J. (2014). Corruption and the Problem of Perception. In Paul M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 172–182). Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wWzfBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+the+Problem+of+Perception%E2%80%9D+,+in+Paul+M.+Heywood+ed.,+The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Political+Corruption+&ots=C8RfuZNG4S&sig=liF5yetwAZm-eoCaAeXXwTFM1w8

Rose, J. (2017). The Meaning of Corruption: Testing the Coherence and Adequacy of Corruption Definitions. Public Integrity, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1397999

Rose, J., & Heywood, P. (2013). Political science approaches to integrity and corruption. Human Affairs, 23(2), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13374-013-0116-6

Rose, P. (2012). State Capitalism and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1069–1485.

553 

 

Rose, R. (2013). The Other Face of Bureaucracy. Perception of Bribery is Worse than the Practice. WZB Mitteilungen, 140. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2497968

Rose, R., & Mishler, W. (2008). Bridging the gap between the experience and the perception of corruption. Global Corruption Report, 328–332.

Rose, R., & Mishler, W. (2010). Experience versus perception of corruption: Russia as a test case. Global Crime, 11(2), 145–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669175

Rose, R., & Peiffer, C. (2013). Contact comes first: A two-step model of paying bribes (No. 508). University of Strathclyde Studies in Public Policy. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2497980

Rose, R., & Peiffer, C. (2015). Paying Bribes for Public Services: A Global Guide to Grass-Roots Corruption. Basingstoke, GB: Palgrave Macmillan.

Rose, R., & Peiffer, C. (2016). Integrating Institutional and Behavioural Measures of Bribery. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 525–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-016-9309-y

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1975). The economics of corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 4(2), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(75)90017-1

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1978). Corruption: A study in political economy. Academic Press.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1996). Democracy and “grand” corruption. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 365.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1997). The role of the World Bank in controlling corruption. Law and Policy in International Business, 29(1), 93–114.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1999). Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform. Cambridge University Press.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2001a). Political corruption and democratic structures. In Arvind K. Jain (Ed.), The political economy of corruption (pp. 35–62). Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=CNyAAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA35&dq=Political+Corruption+and+Democratic+Structures,%E2%80%9D+in+Arvind+K.+Jain,+ed.+The+Political+Economy+of+Corruption+&ots=956qwTQgJn&sig=Ga3EE3I7MUYZfwEfMMf79lTzJlM

Rose‐Ackerman, S. (2001). Trust and Honesty in Post‐Socialist Societies. Kyklos, 54(2‐3), 415–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00161

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2001b). Trust, honesty and corruption: Reflection on the state-building

554 

 

process. European Journal of Sociology, 42(3), 526–570. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975601001084

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2002a). Corruption and the criminal law. Forum on Crime and Society, 2, 3–21.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2002b). “Grand” corruption and the ethics of global business. Journal of Banking and Finance, 26(9), 1889–1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00197-8

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2006). Political corruption and reform in democracies: Theoretical perspectives. In J. Kawata (Ed.), Comparing Political Corruption and Clientalism (pp. 45–62). Ashgate. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=X3Tb0Glw3G0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA45&dq=%E2%80%9CPolitical+Corruption+and+Reform+in+Democracies:+Theoretical+Perspectives%E2%80%9D,+in+Juichi+Kawata+ed.,+Comparing+Political+Corruption+and+Clientalism&ots=-YDtqGqGAZ&sig=PVTjdiMHdfzyKlzrHSa3232vy-g

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2007). International handbook on the economics of corruption. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJWEoC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption&ots=j9baBLX_Ih&sig=NfzWdsoYq5CxaNo99VYoct4W3EY

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2008). Corruption. In C. K. Rowley & F. G. Schneider (Eds.), Readings in Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy (pp. 551–566). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75870-1_30

Rose–Ackerman, S. (2008). Corruption and Government. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 328–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310802058802

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2009). Corruption in the wake of domestic national conflict. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, Global Security, and World Order (pp. 66–95). Brookings Institution Press.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2010a). Corruption: Greed, Culture, and the State. Yale Law Journal, 120, 125–421.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2010b). The institutional economics of corruption. In Gjalt de Graaf, P. von Maravic, & P. Wagenaar (Eds.), The Good Cause: Theoretical Perspectives on Corruption (pp. 47–63). B. Budrich.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2010c). The Law and Economics of Bribery and Extortion. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 6, 217–238. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102209-152942

555 

 

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2013). Introduction: The role of international actors in fighting corruption. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-Corruption Policy: Can International Actors Play a Constructive Role (pp. 3–38).

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2014). Corruption and Conflicts of Interest. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 3–14). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4JrqAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+Conflicts+of+Interest%E2%80%9D,+in+Jean-Bernard+Auby,+Emmanuel+Breen+%26+Thomas+Perroud+eds.,+Corruption+and+Conflicts+of+Interest:+A+Comparative+Law+Approach&ots=HU1F7nNW9i&sig=2WDlGSDY7UOQOZhrNuDnl-JAHys

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2015). Are Corrupt Elites Necessary for Corrupt Countries? In C. Dahlström & L. Wängnerud (Eds.), Elites, Institutions and the Quality of Government (pp. 33–47). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137556288_3

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2018). Corruption & Purity. Daedalus, 147(3), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00505

Rose-Ackerman, Susan, & Billa, B. (2007). Treaties and national security. NYUJ Int’l L. & Pol., 40, 437.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan, & Hunt, S. (2011). Transparency and Business Advantage: The Impact of International Anti-Corruption Policies on the United States National Interest. NYU Ann. Surv. Am. L., 67, 433.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan, & Palifka, B. J. (2016). Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform (Second edition.). Cambridge University Press.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan, & Palifka, B. J. (2018). Corruption, Organized Crime, and Money Laundering. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 75–111). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_4

Rose-Ackerman, Susan, & Truex, R. (2013). Corruption and Policy Reform. In B. Lomborg (Ed.), Global problems, smart solutions: Costs and benefits. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=g9tRAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+Policy+Reform%E2%80%9D,+in+Bjorn+Lomborg+ed.,+Global+Problems,+Smart+Solutions:+Costs+and+Benefits+&ots=XM5F6dFp6g&sig=066mVCzBgH8EXy-duWRYp0ucNJc

Rosenbaum, S. M., Billinger, S., & Stieglitz, N. (2013). Private virtues, public vices: Social norms and corruption. International Journal of Development Issues, 12(3), 192–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-06-2013-0044

556 

 

Rosenblatt, V. (2012). Hierarchies, Power Inequalities, and Organizational Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(2), 237–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1204-y

Rosenfeld, B., Imai, K., & Shapiro, J. N. (2016). An Empirical Validation Study of Popular Survey Methodologies for Sensitive Questions. American Journal of Political Science, 60(3), 783–802. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12205

Rosenmüller, C. (2017). Corruption in the Iberian empires: Greed, custom, and colonial networks. University of New Mexico Press.

Rosenson, Beth A. (2003). Against Their Apparent Self-Interest: The Authorization of Independent State Legislative Ethics Commissions, 1973-96. State Politics & Policy Quarterly, 3(1), 42–65.

Rosenson, Beth A. (2005). The Shadowlands of Conduct: Ethics and State Politics. Georgetown University Press.

Rosenson, Beth Ann. (2009). The effect of political reform measures on perceptions of corruption. Election Law Journal, 8(1), 31.

Roser, W. G. (1992). The Independent Commission Against Corruption: The new Star Chamber? Criminal Law Journal, 16(4), 225–245.

Rose-Sender, S. K., & Goodwin, M. (2010). Linking Corruption and Human Rights: An Unwelcome Addition to the Development Discourse (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1623225). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1623225

Rosid, A., Evans, C., & Tran-Nam, B. (2016). Do perceptions of corruption influence personal income taxpayer reporting behaviour? Evidence from Indonesia. EJournal of Tax Research, 14(2), 387–425.

Rosid, A., Evans, C., & Tran-Nam, B. (2017). Perceptions of Corruption and Tax Non-compliance Behaviour: Policy Implications for Developing Countries. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2017.1364349

Rosidah. (2012). Analysis of Social Marketing for Anti-corruption Campaign: Case study of Film Kita versus Korupsi. Humaniora, 3(1), 181–193.

Ross, L. A. (2012). Using foreign relations law to limit extraterritorial application of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Duke Law Journal, 62(2), 445.

Ross, M. (1999). The political economy of the resource curse. World Politics, 50(2), 297–322.

Ross, Michael L. (2015). What Have We Learned about the Resource Curse? Annual Review of Political Science, 18, 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-052213-040359

Ross, Michael Lewin. (2001). Does Oil Hinder Democracy? World Politics, 53(3), 325–361.

557 

 

Ross, S. N. (2014). A Developmental Behavioral Analysis of Dual Motives’ Role in Political Economies of Corruption. Integral Review, 10(1), 91–121.

Rossbacher, H. H., & Young, T. W. (1997). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Within the American Response to Domestic Corruption. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 1(2), 125–137.

Rosser, A. (2006). The political economy of the resource curse: A literature survey. http://mobile.opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/4061

Rosser, A., & Kartika, W. (2020). Conflict, contestation, and corruption reform: The political dynamics of the EITI in Indonesia. Contemporary Politics, 26(2), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2019.1693244

Rotaru, C., Bod, D.-A., & Georgescu, R. (2016). A review of corruption based on the social and economic evolution of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 2, 239–248.

Rotberg, R. I. (2009a). How corruption compromises world peace and stability. In Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 1–26). Brookings Institution Press.

Rotberg, R. I. (2009b). Leadership Alters Corrupt Behavior. In Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 341–358). Brookings Institution Press.

Rotberg, R. I. (2017). The corruption cure: How citizens and leaders can combat graft. Princeton University Press.

Rotberg, R. I. (2018). Accomplishing Anticorruption: Propositions & Methods. Daedalus, 147(3), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00513

Rothrock, J. (2008). Striking a Balance: The Speech or Debate Clause’s Testimonial Privilege and Policing Government Corruption. Touro Law Review, 24, 739–849.

Rothstein, B. (2009). Creating Political Legitimacy: Electoral Democracy Versus Quality of Government. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(3), 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764209338795

Rothstein, B., & Eek, D. (2009). Political Corruption and Social Trust: An Experimental Approach. Rationality and Society, 21(1), 81–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463108099349

Rothstein, Bo. (2010). Corruption, happiness, social trust and the welfare state: A causal mechanisms approach (QoG Working Paper Series No. 9). http://www.sahlgrenska.gu.se/digitalAssets/1350/1350166_2010_9_rothstein.pdf

Rothstein, Bo. (2011a). The Quality of Government: Corruption, Social Trust, and Inequality in

558 

 

International Perspective. University of Chicago Press. http://www.bibliovault.org/BV.landing.epl?ISBN=9780226729572

Rothstein, Bo. (2011b). Anti-corruption: The indirect ‘big bang’ approach. Review of International Political Economy, 18(2), 228–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692291003607834

Rothstein, Bo. (2013). Corruption and Social Trust: Why the Fish Rots from the Head Down. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 80(4), 1009–1032.

Rothstein, Bo. (2014). What is the opposite of corruption? Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 737–752. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921424

Rothstein, Bo. (2015). The Chinese Paradox of High Growth and Low Quality of Government: The Cadre Organization Meets Max Weber: The Chinese Paradox. Governance, 28(4), 533–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12128

Rothstein, Bo. (2017). Making sense of corruption. Cambridge University Press.

Rothstein, Bo. (2018). Fighting Systemic Corruption: The Indirect Strategy. Daedalus, 147(3), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00501

Rothstein, Bo. (2019). Epistemic democracy and the quality of government. European Politics and Society, 20(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2018.1515873

Rothstein, Bo, Samanni, M., & Teorell, J. (2012). Explaining the welfare state: Power resources vs. the Quality of Government. European Political Science Review, 4(01), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773911000051

Rothstein, Bo, & Solevid, M. (2013). Perceptions of corruption and political participation (pp. 11–14) [Working Paper].

Rothstein, Bo, & Tannenberg, M. (2015). Making Development Work: The Quality of Government Approach. Report. http://eba.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Making_development_work_07.pdf

Rothstein, Bo, & Tegnhammar, M. (2006). The Mechanisms of Corruption: Interest vs. Cognition [Working Paper]. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/39175

Rothstein, Bo, & Teorell, J. (2008). What Is Quality of Government? A Theory of Impartial Government Institutions. Governance, 21(2), 165–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.00391.x

Rothstein, Bo, & Teorell, J. (2014). Causes of Corruption. In Paul M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 79–94). Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wWzfBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&

559 

 

dq=Rothstein+%E2%80%9CCauses+of+Corruption%E2%80%9D+The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Political+Corruption+&ots=C8RfuZVE0O&sig=9AIj3wObZNTXMEi_hfW0-L4CyD8

Rothstein, Bo, & Teorell, J. (2015). Getting to Sweden, Part II: Breaking with Corruption in the Nineteenth Century: Getting to Sweden, Part II: Breaking with Corruption in the Nineteenth Century. Scandinavian Political Studies, 38(3), 238–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12048

Rothstein, Bo, & Torsello, D. (2013). Is Corruption Understood Differently in Different Cultures? Anthropology meets Political Science [Quality of Government Working Paper 2013: 5].

Rothstein, Bo, & Torsello, D. (2014). Bribery in Preindustrial Societies: Understanding the Universalism-Particularism Puzzle. Journal of Anthropological Research, 70(2), 263–284. https://doi.org/10.3998/jar.0521004.0070.205

Rothstein, Bo, & Uslaner, E. M. (2005). All for All: Equality, Corruption, and Social Trust. World Politics, 58(01), 41–72. https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.2006.0022

Rothstein, Bo, & Varraich, A. (2017). Making Sense of Corruption. Cambridge University Press.

Rothwell, G. R., & Baldwin, J. N. (2007). Whistle-Blowing and the Code of Silence in Police Agencies: Policy and Structural Predictors. Crime &amp; Delinquency, 53(4), 605–632. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128706295048

Rotondi, V., & Stanca, L. (2015). The effect of particularism on corruption: Theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Economic Psychology, 51, 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.09.008

Rousso, A., & Steves, F. (2007). The effectiveness of anti-corruption programs: Preliminary evidence from the post-communist transition countries. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (p. 247). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJWEoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA247&dq=%E2%80%9CThe+Effectiveness+of+Anti-Corruption+Programs:+Preliminary+Evidence+from+the+Post-Communist+Transition+Countries%E2%80%9D,+in+Susan+Rose-Ackerman,+ed.,+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption+&ots=j9baCI_WEe&sig=JV6vh5FAX2RsTgvR2i39jZlk-sc

Rowbottom, J. (2016). Corruption, Transparency, and Reputation: The Role of Publicity in Regulating Political Donations. The Cambridge Law Journal, 75(02), 398–425. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197316000234

Rowe, M. (2009). Notes on a Scandal: The Official Enquiry Into Deviance and Corruption in New Zealand Police. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 42(1),

560 

 

123–138. https://doi.org/10.1375/acri.42.1.123

Roy, Abhijit, & Goll, I. (2014). Predictors of various facets of sustainability of nations: The role of cultural and economic factors. International Business Review, 23(5), 849–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.01.003

Roy, Achinto, & Singer, A. E. (2006). Reducing corruption in international business: Behavioural, managerial and political approaches. Journal of Economic and Social Policy, 10(2), 2.

Rožič, P., & Nisnevich, Y. (2016). Lustration Matters: A Radical Approach to the Problem of Corruption. Studies in Comparative International Development, 51(3), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-015-9179-1

Ruan, J. (2019). “Bribery with Chinese characteristics” and the use of guanxi to obtain admission to prestigious secondary schools in urban China. Critical Asian Studies, 51(1), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2018.1548906

Ruan, W., Xiang, E., & Ma, S. (2018). Lending to Private Firms: Evidence from China on the Role of Firm Openness and Bribery. The Chinese Economy, 51(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10971475.2017.1368905

Rubin, N. M. (1998). Convergence of 1996 and 1997 Global Efforts to Curb Corruption and Bribery in International Business Transactions: The Legal Implications of the OECD Recommendations and Convention for the United States, Germany, and Switzerland. Am. U. Int’l L. Rev., 14, 257.

Rubin, P. H. (2016). Crony Capitalism. Supreme Court Economic Review, 23(1), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1086/686474

Rubinstein, W. D. (1983). The End of “Old Corruption” in Britain, 1780-1860. Past and Present, 101(1), 55–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/101.1.55

Rudi, L. M., Azadi, H., Witlox, F., & Lebailly, P. (2014). Land rights as an engine of growth? An analysis of Cambodian land grabs in the context of development theory. Land Use Policy, 38(Journal Article), 564–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.12.016

Rudolph, L., & Däubler, T. (2016). Holding Individual Representatives Accountable: The Role of Electoral Systems. The Journal of Politics, 78(3), 746–762. https://doi.org/10.1086/685378

Rueda, M. (2017). Small Aggregates, Big Manipulation: Vote Buying Enforcement and Collective Monitoring. American Journal of Political Science, 61(1), 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12260

Rueda, M. R. (2015). Buying votes with imperfect local knowledge and a secret ballot. Journal

561 

 

of Theoretical Politics, 27(3), 428–456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629814533841

Rueda, Miguel R., & Ruiz, N. A. (2020). Political Agency, Election Quality, and Corruption. The Journal of Politics, 82(4), 1256–1270. https://doi.org/10.1086/708243

Ruengdet, K., & Wongsurawat, W. (2015). The mechanisms of corruption in agricultural price intervention projects: Case studies from Thailand. Social Science Journal, 52(1), 22.

Rumyantseva, N. L. (2005). Taxonomy of Corruption in Higher Education. Peabody Journal of Education, 80(1), 81–92.

Rumyantseva, N. L. (2015). Kazakhstan: The Issue of Corruption. International Higher Education, 0(37). https://ejournals.bc.edu/ojs/index.php/ihe/article/view/7437

Rumyantseva, N. L., & Denisova-Schmidt, E. (2015). Institutional Corruption in Russian Universities. International Higher Education, 0(82), 18–19. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2015.82.8871

Runde, D. F., & Hameed, S. (2014). The Costs of Corruption: Strategies for Ending a Tax on Private-sector Growth. Rowman & Littlefield. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=b5EEAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Runde,+Daniel+F.+%26+Sadika+Hameed+with+Jeremiah+Magpile.+2014.+The+Costs+of+Corruption:+Strategies+for+Ending+a+Tax+on+Private-Sector-Led+Growth.+(Washington,+D.C.:+Center+for+Strategic+%26+International+Studies).&ots=6wasWl2tHs&sig=jjSXrsfTS7_gjyG6b1GeBR_SQgk

Runnels, M. B., & Burton, A. M. (2012). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and new governance: Incentivizing ethical foreign direct investment in China and other emerging economies. Cardozo Law Review, 34(1), 295–328.

Rus, H. (2014). Corruption, conflict and the management of natural resources. Economics of Governance, 15(4), 355–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-014-0148-3

Ruske, R. (2015). Does Economics Make Politicians Corrupt? Empirical Evidence from the United States Congress: Does Economics Make Politicians Corrupt? Kyklos, 68(2), 240–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12082

Russell, C. (2018). Friendly Governance: Assessing Sociopolitical Factors in Allegations of Corruption. Public Integrity, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1446630

Rustad, S. A., Billon, P., & Lujala, P. (2017). Has the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative been a success? Identifying and evaluating EITI goals. Resources Policy, 51, 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.12.004

Ruud, A. E. (2000). Corruption as Everyday Practice. The Public—Private Divide in Local Indian Society. Forum for Development Studies, 27(2), 271–294.

562 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2000.9666142

Ruziev, K., & Midmore, P. (2015). Connectedness and SME Financing in Post-Communist Economies: Evidence from Uzbekistan. Journal Of Development Studies; J.Dev.Stud., 51(5), 586–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.989991

Ruzindana, A., Langseth, P., & Gakwandi, A. (1998). Fighting Corruption in Uganda: The Process of Building a National Integrity System. Fountain Publishers.

Ryan, A., Schmit, M., Daum, D., Brutus, S., McCormick, S., & Brodke, M. (1997). Workplace Integrity: Differences in Perceptions of Behaviors and Situational Factors. Journal of Business and Psychology, 12(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025014217174

Ryan, L. V. (2000). Combating Corruption: The 21st-Century Ethical Challenge. Business Ethics Quarterly, 10(1), 331. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857717

Ryvkin, D., & Serra, D. (2012). How corruptible are you? Bribery under uncertainty. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 81(2), 466–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.07.004

Ryvkin, D., & Serra, D. (2018). Corruption and Competition among Bureaucrats: An Experimental Study. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.12.026

Ryvkin, D., & Serra, D. (2019). Is More Competition Always Better? An Experimental Study of Extortionary Corruption. Economic Inquiry, 57(1), 50–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12703

Ryvkin, D., Serra, D., & Tremewan, J. (2017). I paid a bribe: An experiment on information sharing and extortionary corruption. European Economic Review, 94, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.02.003

Ryznar, M., & Korkor, S. (2011). Anti-bribery legislation in the United States and United Kingdom: A comparative analysis of scope and sentencing. Missouri Law Review, 76(2), 415.

Saar, J. (2019). Tackling Corruption in Western and Russian Legal Cultures. Trames : A Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 23(4), 455–470. https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2019.4.05

Saastomoinen, A., & Kuosmanen, T. (2014). Is corruption grease, grit or a gamble? Corruption increases variance of productivity across countries. Applied Economics, 46(23), 2833.

Saba, R. P., & Manzetti, L. (1996). Privatization in Argentina: The implications for corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 25(4), 353–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572515

563 

 

Sabato, L., & Simpson, G. (1996). Dirty little secrets: The persistence of corruption in American politics.

Sabet, D. M. (2013). Corruption or Insecurity? Understanding Dissatisfaction with Mexico’s Police. Latin American Politics and Society, 55(1), 22–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00182.x

Sabet, D. M., & Tazreen, A. (2015). Governing Growth: Understanding Problems in Real Estate Development in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Journal of South Asian Development, 10(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973174114567367

Sabharwal, N. S., & Tierney, W. G. (2020). Analyzing the Culture of Corruption in Indian Higher Education. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 111–116). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000021.xml

Sabic-El-Rayess, A. (2014). Acting and Reacting: Youth’s Behavior in Corrupt Educational Settings. Peabody Journal of Education (0161956X), 89(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2014.862473

Sabic-El-Rayess, A., & Mansur, N. N. (2016). Favor reciprocation theory in education: New corruption typology. International Journal of Educational Development, 50(Journal Article), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.04.005

Sabir, S., Qayyum, U., & Majeed, T. (2020). FDI and environmental degradation: The role of political institutions in South Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 27(26), 32544–32553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09464-y

Sabry, M. I. (2017). Taming cronyism!: The role of Public Private Dialogues. International Journal of Social Economics, 44(12), 1622–1638.

Sachet-Milliat, A. (2016). Complicity in Organizational Deviance: The Role of Internal and External Unethical Pressures. In M. Dion, D. Weisstub, & J.-L. Richet (Eds.), Financial Crimes: Psychological, Technological, and Ethical Issues (pp. 201–217). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32419-7_9

Sacks, A. (2011). The Antecedents of Approval, Trust and Legitimating Beliefs in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and six Arab Countries [Working Paper]. World Bank.

Sadanandan, A. (2012). Patronage and Decentralization: The Politics of Poverty in India. Comparative Politics, 44(2), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041512798837996

Sadigov, T. (2014). Corruption and social responsibility: Bribe offers among small entrepreneurs in Azerbaijan. East European Politics, 30(1), 34–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2013.861351

564 

 

Sadigov, T. (2017). Localization, Formalism, and Passivity: Symbols Shaping Bribe Offers in Azerbaijan. Journal of Civil Society, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2017.1387716

Sadowsky, J. M. (2005). The Transparency Myth: A Conceptual Approach to Corruption and the Impact of Mandatory Disclosure Laws. Connecticut Public Interest Law Journal, 4, 308–347.

Safavian, M. S., Graham, D. H., & Gonzalez-Vega, C. (2001). Corruption and Microenterprises in Russia. World Development, 29(7), 1215–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00036-5

Safonchyk, O., & Ripenko, A. (2019). Government Administration as the Main Prerequisite for Narrowing the Corruption Space. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 5(3), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-3-193-202

Safonova, N. A. (2020). Incorporation of Anti-Corruption Digital Content into Engineering Education. ITM Web of Conferences, 35, 01013-. https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203501013

Sah, R. (2007). Corruption across countries and regions: Some consequences of local osmosis. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 31(8), 2573–2598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2006.09.002

Sah, R. K. (1991). Social Osmosis and Patterns of Crime. Journal of Political Economy, 99(6), 1272–1295. https://doi.org/10.1086/261800

Sah, S., & Loewenstein, G. (2010). Effect of Reminders of Personal Sacrifice and Suggested Rationalizations on Residents’ Self-Reported Willingness to Accept Gifts: A Randomized Trial. JAMA, 304(11), 1204. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1310

Saha, B. (2001). Red tape, incentive bribe and the provision of subsidy. Journal of Development Economics, 65(1), 113–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(01)00130-4

Saha, B. (2003). Harassment, corruption and tax policy: A comment on Marjit, Mukherjee and Mukherjee [Eur. J. Political Economy 16 (2000) 75–94]. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(4), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(03)00046-6

Saha, B., & Thampy, T. (2004). Corruption, default and optimal credit in welfare programs. East Asian Bureau of Economic Research. http://202.54.18.156/faculty/babu/law2004/slides/BIBHAS.pdf

Saha, B., & Thampy, T. (2006). Extractive bribe and default in subsidized credit programs. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 60(2), 182–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2004.05.004

565 

 

Saha, S., & Ben Ali, M. S. (2017). Corruption and economic development new evidence from the Middle Eastern and North African countries. Economic Analysis and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2017.02.001

Saha, S., & Gounder, R. (2013). Corruption and economic development nexus: Variations across income levels in a non-linear framework. Economic Modelling, 31(1), 70–79.

Saha, S., Gounder, R., Campbell, N., & Su, J. (2014). Democracy and corruption: A complex relationship. Crime, Law and Social Change, 61(3), 287–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9506-2

Saha, S., Gounder, R., & Su, J.-J. (2009). The interaction effect of economic freedom and democracy on corruption: A panel cross-country analysis. Economics Letters, 105(2), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2009.07.010

Saha, S., & Sen, K. (undefined/ed). The corruption–growth relationship: Does the political regime matter? Journal of Institutional Economics, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137420000375

Saha, S., & Su, J.-J. (2012). Investigating the Interaction Effect of Democracy and Economic Freedom on Corruption: A Cross-Country Quantile Regression Analysis. Economic Analysis and Policy, 42(3), 389–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(12)50036-6

Saha, S., & Yap, G. (2015). Corruption and Tourism: An Empirical Investigation in a Non-linear Framework. The International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(3), 272.

Sahebe, A. (2020). The Tax Collection and Anti-Corruption Strategy to Reform Afghanistan’s Legal Code. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3591664

Sahgal, V., Pelizzo, R., Stapenhurst, R., & Woodley, W. (2005). Scrutinizing public expenditures: Assessing the performance of public accounts committees (No. WPS3613; Policy Research Working Paper Series). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/300811468176047128/Scrutinizing-public-expenditures-assessing-the-performance-of-public-accounts-committees

Sahnoun, M., & Abdennadher, C. (2019). Education and Corruption: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis: Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-019-00589-1

Saisana, M., & Saltelli, A. (2012). Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 Statistical Assessment. JRC Scientific and Policy Reports.

Sajo, A. (1998). Corruption, clientelism, and the future of the constitutional state in Eastern Europe. E. Eur. Const. Rev., 7, 37.

Sajó, A. (2003). From corruption to extortion: Conceptualization of post-communist corruption.

566 

 

Crime, Law and Social Change, 40(2), 171–194.

Sakib, N. H. (2019). One size does not fit all: An analysis of the corruption preventative approach of the Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) in Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Political Science, 27(2), 211–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2019.1642773

Salahuddin, M., Vink, N., Ralph, N., & Gow, J. (2020). Globalisation, poverty and corruption: Retarding progress in South Africa. Development Southern Africa (Sandton, South Africa), 37(4), 617–643. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1678460

Sala-i-Martin, X., & Subramanian, A. (2013). Addressing the Natural Resource Curse: An Illustration from Nigeria. Journal of African Economies, 22(4), 570–615. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejs033

Salbu, S. R. (1994). True codes versus voluntary codes of ethics in international markets: Toward the preservation of colloquy in emerging global communities. Journal of International Business Law, 15(3), 327–371.

Salbu, S. R. (1997). Bribery in the global market: A critical analysis of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Washington and Lee Law Review, 54(1), 229–287.

Salbu, S. R. (1999a). Extraterritorial restriction of bribery: A premature evocation of the normative global village. The Yale Journal of International Law, 24(1), 223–255.

Salbu, S. R. (1999b). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act as a threat to global harmony. Michigan Journal of International Law, 20(3), 419–449.

Salbu, S. R. (2000a). A delicate balance: Legislation, institutional change, and transnational bribery. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 657.

Salbu, S. R. (2000b). Transnational bribery: The big questions. Nw. J. Int’l L. & Bus., 21, 435.

Salbu, Sr. (2001). Information technology in the war against international bribery and corruption: The next frontier of institutional reform? Harvard Journal On Legislation, 38(1), 67–102.

Salbu, Steven. (1999). Battling global corruption in the new millennium. Law and Policy in International Business, 31(1), 47–79.

Saleem, H., Jiandong, W., & Khan, M. B. (2020). Determinants of corruption in China: A policy perspective. Journal of Chinese Governance, 5(3), 297–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2018.1516388

Saleh, S. (2014). Challenges in Combating Corruption and Fixing Accountability: In Iraq’s Perspective. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(13), n/a.

Salihu, H. A. (2020). Combating corruption in the Nigerian Civil Service. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(1), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-05-2019-0039

567 

 

Salihu, H. A., & Gholami, H. (2018). Mob justice, corrupt and unproductive justice system in Nigeria: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 55, 40–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2018.09.003

Salihu, H. A., & Jafari, A. (2020). Corruption and anti-corruption strategies in Iran. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-01-2019-0001

Salinas-Jiménez, M. del M., & Salinas-Jiménez, J. (2007). Corruption, efficiency and productivity in OECD countries. Journal of Policy Modeling, 29(6), 903–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2007.07.002

Salinas-Jiménez, M. del M., & Salinas-Jiménez, J. (2011). Corruption and total factor productivity: Level or growth effects? Portuguese Economic Journal, 10(2), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-010-0059-3

Salmon, T. C., & Serra, D. (2017). Corruption, social judgment and culture: An experiment. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 142, 64–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.06.004

Salmon, T., & Serra, D. (2014). Does Social Judgment Diminish Rule Breaking? (CSAE Working Paper WPS/2013-05). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2383903

Salvatore, D. (2004). Growth and poverty in a globalizing world. Journal of Policy Modeling, 26(4), 543–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2004.04.009

Salvatore, D. (2007). Growth, international inequalities, and poverty in a globalizing world. Journal of Policy Modeling, 29(4), 635–641.

Salvatoriello, P. (2001). The practical necessity of federal intervention versus the ideal of federalism: An expansive view of section 666 in the prosecution of state and local corruption. Georgetown Law Journal, 89(7), 2393–2417.

Salzman, R. (2009). Differentiated Corruption: Splitting the Variable in the Latin American Context. http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/8/2/2/9/p282294_index.html

Samadi, A. H., & Farahmandpour, B. (2013). The Effect of Income Inequality on Corruption in Selected Countries (1995-2007). Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking, 1(3), 214–231.

Samanni, M., & Holmberg, S. (2010). Quality of government makes people happy [Working Paper]. The Quality of Government Institute, University of Gothenburg.

Samanta, S. K., & Sanyal, R. N. (2010). National Competitiveness and Perception of Corruption.

568 

 

Journal of Competitiveness Studies, 18(1/2), 89.

Samanta, S., & Sanyal, R. (2016). The Effect of the OECD Convention in Reducing Bribery in International Business. Global Business and Management Research, 8(1), 68–76.

Sami, L., & Lassassi, M. (2020). Investigating the effect of trust in institutions on the decision of young people in selected MENA countries to opt for an informal economic activity: Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia. The International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 19(2), 173-. https://doi.org/10.1386/tmsd_00021_1

Sampath, V., & Rahman, N. (2018). Bribery in MNEs: The Dynamics of Corruption Culture Distance and Organizational Distance to Core Values. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3827-0

Sampford, C. J. G. (2006). Measuring corruption. Ashgate.

Sampson, S. (1983). Bureaucracy and corruption as anthropological problems: A case study from Romania. Folk, 25, 63–96.

Sampson, Steven. (2005). Integrity warriors: Global morality and the anti-corruption movement in the Balkans. In D. Haller & C. Shore (Eds.), Corruption: Anthropological perspectives (pp. 103–130). Pluto Press. http://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_1/CORRUPTION%20Haller_Corruption-Anthropological%20Perspectives.pdf#page=107

Sampson, Steven. (2007). Can the World Bank do the right thing? When anti-corruption movements become anti-corruption budget lines [Working Paper]. http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1146197

Sampson, Steven. (2010a). Diagnostics: Indicators and transparency in the anti-corruption industry. In S. Jansen, E. Schroeter, & N. Stehr (Eds.), Transparenz: Multidisxiplanre Durchsichten Durch Phoenomene und Theorien des Undurchsichtigen (pp. 97–111). VS Verlag. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_7

Sampson, Steven. (2010b). The anti-corruption industry: From movement to institution. Global Crime, 11(2), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669258

Sampson, Steven. (2015). The audit juggernaut. Social Anthropology, 23(Journal Article), 80–82.

Sampson, Steven. (2016). Corruption, anticorruption, uncorruption. Revue Du M.A.U.S.S., 43, 1–10.

Sampson, Steven. (2019). Citizen duty or Stasi society? Whistleblowing and disclosure regimes in organizations and communities. Ephemera: Theory And Politics In Organization,

569 

 

1–24.

Samuel, A. (2009). Preemptive collusion among corruptible law enforcers. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 71(2), 441–450.

Samuel, A., Farmer, A., & Mendez, F. (2020). Optimal regulation under imperfect enforcement: Permits, tickets, or both? Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 67(4), 420–441. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12242

Samuel, A., & Lowen, A. (2010). Bribery and inspection technology. Economics of Governance, 11(4), 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-010-0080-0

Sanchez, A. (2015). Criminal entrepreneurship: A political economy of corruption and organised crime in India. In Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 67–76). Routledge. http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/faces/viewItemOverviewPage.jsp?itemId=escidoc:1877536

Sanchez, C. M. (1999). Ties That Bind: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics. Academy of Management Perspectives, 13(4), 109–110. https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.1999.2570564

Sanchez, J. I., Gomez, C., & Wated, G. (2008). A Value-based Framework for Understanding Managerial Tolerance of Bribery in Latin America. Journal of Business Ethics, 83(2), 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9623-x

Sánchez-Martín, M. E., de Arce, R., & Escribano, G. (2014). Do changes in the rules of the game affect FDI flows in Latin America? A look at the macroeconomic, institutional and regional integration determinants of FDI. European Journal of Political Economy, 34(Supplement C), 279–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.02.001

Sancino, A., Sicilia, M., & Grossi, G. (2018). Between patronage and good governance: Organizational arrangements in (local) public appointment processes. International Review Of Administrative Sciences, 84(4), 785–802. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316675944

Sandgren, C. (2005). Combating Corruption: The Misunderstood Role of Law. International Lawyer, 39(3), 717–731.

Sandholtz, W., & Gray, M. M. (2003). International Integration and National Corruption. International Organization, 57(04). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818303574045

Sandholtz, W., & Koetzle, W. (2000). Accounting for Corruption: Economic Structure, Democracy, and Trade. International Studies Quarterly, 44(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/0020-8833.00147

Sandholtz, W., & Taagepera, R. (2005). Corruption, Culture, and Communism. International

570 

 

Review of Sociology, 15(1), 109–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/03906700500038678

Sandoval-Ballesteros, I. (2014). Rethinking accountability and transparency: Breaking the public sector bias in Mexico. American University International Law Review, 29(2), 399–439.

Sands, B. N. (1990). Decentralizing an economy: The role of bureaucratic corruption in China’s economic reforms. Public Choice, 65(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139292

Sandu, A. M., & Nitu, M. L. (2014). The Perception of Corruption in Public Administration. Contemporary Readings in Law & Social Justice, 6(1), 426–431.

Sanghera, B., & Satybaldieva, E. (2020). The other road to serfdom: The rise of the rentier class in post-Soviet economies. Social Science Information, 59(3), 505–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018420943077

Sani, A. S., & Abu Bakar, A. S. B. (2021). Dataset on the perceptions of ordinary people on the persistence of bribery practices in Nigeria. Data in Brief, 34, 106616–106616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106616

Santiso, C. (2006a). Improving fiscal governance and curbing corruption: How relevant are autonomous audit agencies? International Public Management Review, 7(2). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=951844

Santiso, C. (2006b). Banking on Accountability? Strengthening Budget Oversight and Public Sector Auditing in Emerging Economies. Public Budgeting & Finance, 26(2), 66–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5850.2006.00847.x

Santiso, C. (2008). Eyes wide shut? Reforming and defusing checks and balances in Argentina. Public Administration and Development, 28(1), 67–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.468

Santos, N., Pereira, L., & Rodrigues, D. (2018). Relationship Between Performance of the FUNDEB Municipal Board and Active and Passive Waste. Brazilian Business Review, 15(5), 460–474. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2018.15.5.4

Sanyal, A. (2002). Audit Hierarchy in a Corrupt Tax Administration: A Note with Qualifications and Extensions. Journal of Comparative Economics, 30(2), 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.2002.1771

Sanyal, A., Gang, I., & Goswami, O. (2000). Corruption, Tax Evasion and the Laffer Curve. Public Choice, 105(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005105822911

Sanyal, R. (2005). Determinants of Bribery in International Business: The Cultural and Economic Factors. Journal of Business Ethics, 59(1–2), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3406-z

Sanyal, R., & Guvenli, T. (2009). The propensity to bribe in international business: The

571 

 

relevance of cultural variables. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 16(3), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600910977364

Sanyal, R. N., Samanta, S. K., & Public Interest Enterprises, Inc. (2002). Corruption Across Countries: The Cultural and Economic Factors. Business and Professional Ethics Journal, 21(1), 21–46. https://doi.org/10.5840/bpej20022119

Sanyal, R., & Samanta, S. (2004). Correlates of bribe giving in international business. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 14(2), 1.

Sanyal, R., & Samanta, S. (2008). Effect of perception of corruption on outward US Foreign Direct Investment. Global Business and Economics Review, 10(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.1504/GBER.2008.016831

Sanyal, R., & Samanta, S. (2010). Relationship Between Bribery and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis. Indian Journal of Economics & Business, 9(1). http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=09725784&AN=86021297&h=vGo%2FuWlmlcvyXphPpa8fM5MpffYIbXJv0aZ82QmLcB5rDqRBvAPaDHQM4G2N2xDHGAuVg8pp7L%2Frrd0zW%2BzPdQ%3D%3D&crl=c

Sanyal, R., & Samanta, S. (2017). Bribery in International Business in Post-Soviet Union Countries. Journal of East-West Business, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2017.1361883

Sanyal, R., & Samanta, S. (2020). Bribery in International Business in European Union Countries: Patterns and Explanations. Journal of East-West Business, 26(2), 193–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2019.1704337

Saputra, P. M. A. (2019). Corruption perception and bilateral trade flows: Evidence from developed and developing countries. Journal of International Studies, 12(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2019/12-1/4

Sarabia, M., Crecente, F., Del Val, M. T., & Giménez, M. (2019). The Human Development Index (HDI) and the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 2013-2017: Analysis of social conflict and populism in Europe. Ekonomska Istraživanja, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1697721

Sarayev, N., Antipova, N., & Polyanichko, N. (2019). Regulatory and pedagogical aspects of the formation of anti-corruption legal awareness in educational institutions. SHS Web of Conferences, 70. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197011012

Sargiacomo, M., Ianni, L., D’Andreamatteo, A., & Servalli, S. (2015). Accounting and the fight against corruption in Italian government procurement: A longitudinal critical analysis (1992-2014). Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 28(Journal Article), 89–96.

572 

 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2015.01.006

Sari, A. (2017). E-Government Attempts in Small Island Developing States: The Rate of Corruption with Virtualization. Science And Engineering Ethics, 23(6), 1673–1688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-016-9848-0

Sariningsih, M. & Widhyasmaramurti. (2020). The Concept of Unen-Unen and Free Corruption Environment: An Anti-corruption Lesson from Javanese Heritage. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 469(1), 12077-. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012077

Sarkar, H., & Hasan, M. A. (2001). Impact of corruption on the efficiency of investment: Evidence from a cross-country analysis. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 8(2), 111–116.

Sarkissian, H. (2020). Do Filial Values Corrupt? How Can We Know? Clarifying and Assessing the Recent Confucian Debate. Dao : A Journal of Comparative Philosophy, 19(2), 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-020-09718-z

Sarlak, Z. (2012). Corruption in Turkey: A Systemic Problem. In D. Tänzler, K. Maras, & A. Giannakopoulos (Eds.), The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (pp. 297–320). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=69mNX_6cX0wC&oi=fnd&pg=PT18&dq=%E2%80%9CCorruption+in+Turkey:+A+Systemic+Problem%E2%80%9D,+in+Dirk+Tanzler,+Konstadinos+Maras+%26+Angelos+Giannakopoulos+eds.,+The+Social+Construction+of+Corruption+in+Europe+&ots=iHDzaylaMn&sig=9ln1LF5RIGGihN87d-WcAy4ruAM

Sarlo, P. (2014a). The Global Financial Crisis and the Transnational Anti-Corruption Regime: A Call for Regulation of the World Bank’s Lending Practices. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 45(4), 1293.

Sarlo, P. (2014b). The Spaghetti Bowl Revisited in the Context of Corruption: Understanding How Corrupt Countries Could Subvert the WTO’s Rule-Oriented System through Preferential Trade Agreements. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 43, 1–20.

Sarmento, J. M., & Renneboog, L. (2017). Cost Overruns in Public Sector Investment Projects. Public Works Management & Policy : A Journal for the American Public Works Association, 22(2), 140–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X16668357

Sarte, P.-D. G. (2000). Informality and rent-seeking bureaucracies in a model of long-run growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 46(1), 173–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3932(00)00020-9

573 

 

Sarte, P.-D. G. (2001). Rent-seeking bureaucracies and oversight in a simple growth model. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 25(9), 1345–1365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1889(99)00057-3

Sartor, M., & Beamish, P. (2019). Private Sector Corruption, Public Sector Corruption and the Organizational Structure of Foreign Subsidiaries. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04148-1

Sartor, M., & Beamish, P. (2020). Integration-oriented strategies, host market corruption and the likelihood of foreign subsidiary exit from emerging markets. Journal of International Business Studies, 51(3), 414–431. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00297-7

Sassi, S., & Ben Ali, M. S. (2017). Corruption in Africa: What role does ICT diffusion play. Telecommunications Policy, 41(7–8), 662–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.05.002

Sassi, S., & Gasmi, A. (2017). The Dynamic Relationship Between Corruption-Inflation:

Evidence From Panelￂ Vector Autoregression. Japanese Economic Review, 68(4),

458–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/jere.12134

Sassoon, J. (2016). Iraq’s political economy post 2003: From transition to corruption. International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 10(1–2), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1386/ijcis.10.1-2.17_1

Sathyamoorthy, V., & Tang, T. C. (2018). Institutional quality and export-led growth: An empirical study. Journal of Economic Studies, 45(1), 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-07-2016-0139

Sato, H. (2011). Raising Wages as a Strategy to Reduce Corruption. Journal of Management and Strategy, 2(4), p56.

Savage, J. D. (1994). Corruption and Virtue at the Constitutional Convention. The Journal of Politics, 56(01), 174–186.

Savage, K., Delesgues, L., Martin, E., & Ulfat, G. P. (2007). Corruption perceptions and risks in humanitarian assistance: An Afghanistan case study (pp. 12–13) [Working Paper]. http://www.operationspaix.net/DATA/DOCUMENT/5448~v~Corruption_Perceptions_and_Risks_in_Humanitarian_Assistance___An_Afghanistan_Case_Study.pdf

Savona, E. U. (1995). Beyond criminal law in devising anticorruption policies: Lessons from the Italian experience. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 3(2), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02243082

Saxena, S. (2017). Factors influencing perceptions on corruption in public service delivery via e-government platform. Foresight : The Journal of Futures Studies, Strategic Thinking

574 

 

and Policy, 19(6), 628–646. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-05-2017-0013

Sayed, A. (2004). Corruption in international trade and commercial arbitration. Kluwer law international. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=br3v7-Lg6ocC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Sayed,+Abdulhay.+2004.+Corruption+in+International+Trade+and+Commercial+Arbitration.&ots=c88vBO89xW&sig=wh0KU9--5Bo_XX_xPt2BNYq1-Ak

Sbaouelgi, J. (2019). The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in Mena Region. Romanian Economic and Business Review, 14(2), 40–54.

Scarboro, C., & Wielocha, D. (2018). Role Of Employee Discipline in FCPA Settlements: Balancing Competing Considerations.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977) (Global Anti-Corruption: Transparency in the Modern Age). New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 50(4), 1235.

Schaaf, M., & Freedman, L. P. (2015). Unmasking the open secret of posting and transfer practices in the health sector. Health Policy and Planning, 30(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czt091

Schaffer, F. C. (2002). Might cleaning up elections keep people away from the polls? Historical and comparative perspectives. International Political Science Review, 23(1), 69–84.

Schaffer, F. C. (2007). Elections for sale: The causes and consequences of vote buying. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Schaffer, F. C. (2008). The hidden costs of clean election reform. Cornell University Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE178520150515

Schaffer, F. C., & Schaffer, U. F. C. (2005). Clean Elections and the Great Unwashed Vote Buying and Voter Education in the Philippines. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.520.359

Schatz, F. (2013). Fighting Corruption with Social Accountability: A Comparative Analysis of Social Accountability Mechanisms’ Potential to Reduce Corruption in Public Administration. Public Administration and Development, 33(3), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1648

Scheck, H., Buchanan, G., & Creecy, K. (2019). Uncovering bribes hidden in books and records: Studying areas flagged in SEC enforcement actions can help companies construct better fraud controls. Journal of Accountancy, 228(4), 28–33.

Schefer, K. (2009). Corruption and the WTO legal system. Journal of World Trade, 43(4), 737–770.

Scheiner, E. (2005). Pipelines of Pork: Japanese Politics and a Model of Local Opposition Party

575 

 

Failure. Comparative Political Studies, 38(7), 799–823. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414005277020

Schelker, M. (2012). The influence of auditor term length and term limits on US state general obligation bond ratings. Public Choice, 150(1/2), 27–49.

Schelling, T. C. (1973). Hockey Helmets, Concealed Weapons, and Daylight Saving: A Study of Binary Choices With Externalities. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 17(3), 381–428. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200277301700302

Schembera, S., & Scherer, A. (2017). Organizational strategies in the context of legitimacy loss: Radical versus gradual responses to disclosed corruption. Strategic Organization, 15(3), 301–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127016685237

Scheppele, K. L. (1999). The inevitable corruption of transition. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 509–532.

Scher, D. (2005). Asset Recovery: Repatriating Africa’s looted billions. African Security Review, 14(4), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627584

Scherer, M. (2004). Circumstantial Evidence in Corruption Cases Before International Artibral Tribunals. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 1(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=170

Schickora, J. T. (2011). Bringing the four-eyes-principle to the lab [Working Paper]. https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12160/

Schikora, J. T. (2011). Bringing good and bad whistle-blowers to the lab [Working Paper]. https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12161/

Schikora, J. T. (2014). How Do Groups Stabilize Corruption? Journal of International Development, 26(7), 1071–1091. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.2902

Schilke, O., & Rossman, G. (2018). It’s Only Wrong If It’s Transactional: Moral Perceptions of Obfuscated Exchange. American Sociological Review, 83(6), 1079–1107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418806284

Schipani, C., Liu, J., & Xu, H. (2016). Doing business in a connected society the GSK bribery scandal in China. University Of Illinois Law Review, 1, 63–102.

Schleiter, P., & Voznaya, A. M. (2014). Party system competitiveness and corruption. Party Politics, 20(5), 675–686. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068812448690

Schluter, W. E. (2017). Soft corruption: How unethical conduct undermines good government and what to do about it. Rutgers University Press.

Schmidt, D. (2007). Anti-corruption: What Do We Know? Research on Preventing Corruption in

576 

 

the Post-communist World. Political Studies Review, 5(2), 202–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9299.2007.00129.x

Schmidt, T. (2009). Sweetening the Deal: Strengthening Transnational Bribery Laws Through Standard International Corporate Auditing Guidelines. Minnesota Law Review, 93(3), 1120–1145.

Schmidtz, D. (2018). An Anatomy of Corruption. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000062

Schneider, B. (1987). The People Make the Place. Personnel Psychology, 40(3), 437–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00609.x

Schneider, B. A. (1992). Do not go gentle into that good night: The unquiet death of political patronage. Wisconsin Law Review, 1992(2), 511–546.

Schneider, B., Goldstiein, H. W., & Smith, D. B. (1995). The ASA Framework: An Update. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 747–773. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01780.x

Schneider, F., & Dreher, A. (2006). Corruption and the shadow economy–substitutes or complements? In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The Corruption Monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption, Czernin Verlag (pp. 363–370).

Schneider, F. G. (2007). Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: New Estimates for 145 Countries. Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 1, 1–66.

Schneider, Friedrich. (2016). Comment on Feige’s Paper “Reflections on the Meaning and Measurement of Unobserved Economies: What do we really know about the ‘Shadow Economy’?” (CESifo Working Paper Series No. 5818). CESifo Group Munich. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/cesceswps/_5f5818.htm

Schneider, Friedrich, Buehn, A., & Montenegro, C. E. (2010). New Estimates for the Shadow Economies all over the World. International Economic Journal, 24(4), 443–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2010.525974

Schneider, Friedrich, & Enste, D. H. (2000). Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(1), 77–114. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.1.77

Schneider, J. (2018). Fifty Years of Mafia Corruption and Anti-mafia Reform. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S16–S27. https://doi.org/10.1086/695801

Schneider, P., & Bose, G. (2017). Organizational Cultures of Corruption. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 19(1), 59–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12174

577 

 

Schnell, S. (2015). Mimicry, Persuasion, or Learning? The Case of Two Transparency and Anti-Corruption Policies in Romania. Public Administration And Development; Public Adm.Dev., 35(4), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1721

Schoenherr, D. (2019). Political Connections and Allocative Distortions. The Journal of Finance. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12751

Schoeni, D. (2016). Personal Debarment For Non-Distributive Corporate Misconduct: On The Efficacy Of Debarring The Individual From Government Contracts For Collective Wrongdoing. Public Contract Law Journal, 46(1), 51–94.

Scholtens, B., & Dam, L. (2007). Cultural Values and International Differences in Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 75(3), 273–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9252-9

Schopf, J. (2018). Cutting Corruption without Institutionalized Parties: The Story of Civic Groups, Elected Local Government, and Administrative Reform in Korea. Korea Observer, 49(4), 573. https://doi.org/10.29152/KOIKS.2018.49.4.573

Schopf, J. C. (2015). Deterring Extortive Corruption in Korea through Democratization and the Rule of Law. Journal of Comparative Asian Development, Journal Article, 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/15339114.2015.1059058

Schoultz, I., & Flyghed, J. (2016). Doing business for a “higher loyalty”? How Swedish transnational corporations neutralise allegations of crime. Crime, Law and Social Change, 66(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9619-5

Schrag, J., & Scotchmer, S. (1997). The self-reinforcing nature of crime. International Review of Law and Economics, 17(3), 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8188(97)00025-2

Schramm, M., & Taube, M. (2003). The Institutional Economics of Legal Institutions, Guanxi, and Corruption in the PR China. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter (Eds.), Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 271–296). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0011

Schroth, P. (2006). Corruption and accountability of the civil service in the United States. American Journal Of Comparative Law, 54, 553–579.

Schroth, P. W. (2002). The United States and the International Bribery Conventions. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 50, 593. https://doi.org/10.2307/840891

Schroth, P. W. (2003). National and international constitutional law aspects of African treaties and laws against corruption. Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, 13(1), 83–108.

Schroth, P. W., & Bostan, A. D. (2004). International Constitutional Law and Anti-Corruption

578 

 

Measures in the European Union’s Accession Negotiations: Romania in Comparative Perspective. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 52(3), 625. https://doi.org/10.2307/4144480

Schroth, P. W., & Sharma, P. (2003). Transnational law and technology as potential forces against corruption in Africa. Management Decision, 41(3), 296–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740310469477

Schueth, S. (2011). Assembling International Competitiveness: The Republic of Georgia, USAID, and the Doing Business Project. Economic Geography, 87(1), 51–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2010.01103.x

Schultz, J. J., Johnson, D. A., Morris, D., & Dyrnes, S. (1993). An Investigation of the Reporting of Questionable Acts in an International Setting. Journal of Accounting Research, 31, 75. https://doi.org/10.2307/2491165

Schultz, J., & Søreide, T. (2008). Corruption in emergency procurement. Disasters, 32(4), 516–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01053.x

Schulze, G. G., & Frank, B. (2003). Deterrence versus intrinsic motivation: Experimental evidence on the determinants of corruptibility. Economics of Governance, 4(2), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101010200059

Schulze, G. G., Sjahrir, B. S., & Zakharov, N. (2013). Corruption in Russia [Working Paper]. ftp://ftp.repec.org/opt/ReDIF/RePEc/fre/wpaper/DP22_Schulze_Sjahrir_Zakharov_Corruption_in_Russia.pdf

Schumacher, I. (2013). Political stability, corruption and trust in politicians. Economic Modelling, 31, 359–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.11.047

Schuppan, T. (2009). E-Government in developing countries: Experiences from sub-Saharan Africa. Government Information Quarterly, 26(1), 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2008.01.006

Schurr, A., & Ritov, I. (2016). Winning a competition predicts dishonest behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(7), 1754. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515102113

Schuster, C., Meyer‐Sahling, J.-H., & Mikkelsen, K. S. (2020). (Un)principled principals, (un)principled agents: The differential effects of managerial civil service reforms on corruption in developing and OECD countries. Governance (Oxford), 33(4), 829–848. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12461

Schuttauf, N. (2012). Repeal anti-bribery legislation? A defense of laws promoting clean business and transparent governments. New England Law Review, 46(3), 617–648.

579 

 

Schütte, S. A. (2007). The fight against corruption in Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 26(4), 57–66.

Schütte, S. A. (2011). Appointing top officials in a democratic indonesia: The corruption eradication commission. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 47(3), 355–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2011.619052

Schütte, S. A. (2012). Against the Odds: Anti-Corruption Reform in Indonesia. Public Administration and Development, 32(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.623

Schütte, S. A. (2015). Keeping the New Broom Clean: Lessons in Human Resource Management from the KPK. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 171(4), 423–454. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17104001

Schütte, S., & Butt, S. (2013). The Indonesian Court for Corruption Crimes: Circumventing judicial impropriety? U4 Brief, 5. http://www.cmi.no/publications/file/4903-the-indonesian-court-for-corruption-crimes.pdf

Schwartz, M. S. (2004). Effective Corporate Codes of Ethics: Perceptions of Code Users. Journal of Business Ethics, 55(4), 321–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-2169-2

Schwenke, S. (2000). The moral critique: Corruption in developing countries. Journal of Public and International Affairs, 11, 137–156.

Schwickerath, A. K. (2018). Anti-Corruption Norms in Training for United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(2), 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9731-1

Schwuchow, S. C. (2017). Gangs of New York: Organized Crime as the Link between Inequality and Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2947142). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2947142

Scott, D., & Pyman, M. (2008). Public Perceptions of Corruption in the Military in Europe and the Rest of the World. European Security, 17(4), 495–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662830802568923

Scott, I. (2011). The Hong Kong ICAC’s approach to corruption control. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption (p. 401). Edward Elgar. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=g3GfGTxJNaAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA401&dq=%22The+Hong+Kong+ICAC%27s+Approach+to+Corruption+Control%22&ots=eDMYly8Ma2&sig=gFPyhbRa9WKaV39dKBESihCTJZA

Scott, I. (2013). Institutional Design and Corruption Prevention in Hong Kong. Journal of

580 

 

Contemporary China, 22(79), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2012.716945

Scott, I. (2017). The challenge of preserving Hong Kong’s successful anti-corruption system. Asian Education and Development Studies, 6(3), 227–237.

Scott, J. C. (1969a). The Analysis of Corruption in Developing Nations. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 11(03), 315. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500005363

Scott, J. C. (1969b). Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Change. American Political Science Review, 63(04), 1142–1158. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400263247

Scott, J. C. (1972). Comparative political corruption. Prentice-Hall.

Scott, K. (2005). The European Union and Romanian Mentalitate: A Case Study of Corruption. Santa Clara J. Int’l L., 3, i.

Scott, K. W., Powles, J., Thomas, H., & Rechel, B. (2011). Perceived barriers to the development of modern public health in Bulgaria: A qualitative study. International Journal of Public Health, 56(2), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-010-0140-9

Sculli, D. (2003). Culture and Level of Industrialization as Determinants of Corruption in Asia. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 203–219). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0008

Seabright, P. (1996). Accountability and decentralisation in government: An incomplete contracts model. European Economic Review, 40(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)00055-0

Sebhatu, S. P., & Pei-lin, L. (2016). What is Governance? The Ethical Dilemma for Leaders and Managers: Multiple Case Studies of Corruption from China. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224, 467–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.422

Sebudubudu, D. (2003). Corruption and its control in Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records, 35, 125–139.

Sedlenieks, K. (2004). Rotten talk: Corruption as a part of discourse in contemporary Latvia. In I. Pardo (Ed.), Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 119–134). http://www.academia.edu/download/31996976/Sedlenieks_2005_Rotten_Talk_Corruption_as_a_Part_of_Discourse_in_Cont.pdf

Sedmihradská, L., & Haas, J. (2013). Budget Transparency and Fiscal Performance: Do Open Budgets Matter? ACTA VSFS, 7(2), 109–122.

Segal, L. (1998). Can we fight the new Tammany Hall? Difficulties of prosecuting political patronage and suggestions for reform. Rutgers Law Review, 50(2), 507–562.

581 

 

Segal, L. (1999). Corruption moves to the center: An analysis of New York’s 1996 school governance law. Harvard Journal On Legislation, 36(2), 323–367.

Segal, L. G. (2004). Battling corruption in America’s public schools. Northeastern University Press.

Segal, Lydia. (1997). The Pitfalls of Political Decentralization and Proposals for Reform: The Case of New York City Public Schools. Public Administration Review, 57(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.2307/977062

Segal, Lydia. (2002). Roadblocks in Reforming Corrupt Agencies: The Case of the New York City School Custodians. Public Administration Review, 62(4), 445–460. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00198

Segal, Lydia. (2010). Independence from Political Influence—A Shaky Shield: A Study of Ten Inspectors General. Public Integrity, 12(4), 297–314. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922120401

Segal, P. (2006). Coming clean on dirty dealing: Time for a fact-based evaluation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Florida Journal of International Law, 18(1), 169–210.

Sehhat, S., Jafarzadeh kenari, M., & Mijani, M. (2012). An empirical study on relationship between organizational culture and administrative corruption. Management Science Letters, 2(5), 1589–1602. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2012.05.008

Seidel, A., & Thum, M. (2016). Tax Evasion, Corruption and Market Entry. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 63(4), 377–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12100

Seifert, D. L., Sweeney, J. T., Joireman, J., & Thornton, J. M. (2010). The influence of organizational justice on accountant whistleblowing. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35(7), 707–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2010.09.002

Seiler, N., & Madir, J. (2012). Fight Against Corruption: Sanctions Regimes of Multilateral Development Banks. Journal of International Economic Law, 15(1), 5–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgr037

Seim, L. T., & Søreide, T. (2009). Bureaucratic complexity and impacts of corruption in utilities. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.07.007

Sekalala, S., & Kirya, M. (2015). Challenges in Multi-Level Health Governance: Corruption in the Global Fund’s Operations in Uganda and Zambia. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 7(1), 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-015-0010-x

Sekalala, S., Masud, H., & Bosco, R. T. (2020). Human rights mechanisms for anti-corruption, transparency and accountability: Enabling the right to health. Global Health Action, 13(sup1), 1699343. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1699343

582 

 

Seker, M., & Yang, J. S. (2014). Bribery solicitations and firm performance in the Latin America and Caribbean region. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS, 42(1), 246–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.05.004

Seker, Murat, & Yang, J. S. (2012). How bribery distorts firm growth: Differences by firm attributes (Policy Research Working Paper Series No. 6046). The World Bank. https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/6046.html

Sekreter, A. (2018). Corruption and Macroeconomic Indicators of Turkey: A Comparison of 2011-2012-2013 and 2014-2015-2016. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(1), 206–210. https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v5i1p206

Seldadyo, H., & de Haan, J. (2006, April 20). The Determinants of Corruption: A Literature Survey and New Evidence. EPCS Conference, Turku, Finland.

Seldadyo, Harry, & De Haan, J. (2011). Is Corruption Really Persistent? Pacific Economic Review, 16(2), 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2011.00542.x

Seldadyo, Harry, Elhorst, J. P., & De Haan, J. (2010). Geography and governance: Does space matter?: Geography and governance. Papers in Regional Science, 89(3), 625–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2009.00273.x

Seldadyo, Harry, Nugroho, E. P., & de Haan, J. (2007). Governance and Growth Revisited. Kyklos, 60(2), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2007.00372.x

Seleim, A., & Bontis, N. (2009). The relationship between culture and corruption: A cross‐national study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10(1), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930910922978

Seligson, M. (2001). Corruption and Democratization: What is to be Done? Public Integrity, 3(3), 221–241.

Seligson, M. A. (2002a). On the Measurement of Corruption. APSA-CP, 13(2), 5–6.

Seligson, M. A. (2002b). The Impact of Corruption on Regime Legitimacy: A Comparative Study of Four Latin American Countries. The Journal of Politics, 64(2), 408–433. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2508.00132

Seligson, M. A. (2006). The Measurement and Impact of Corruption Victimization: Survey Evidence from Latin America. World Development, 34(2), 381–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.012

Sellami, Y. M., & Borgi, H. (2020). Compliance with IFRS for related party transactions across eight African countries: Do corruption and government quality matter? International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 16(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAAPE.2020.106780

583 

 

Selmier, W. T. (2013). Stand by me: Friends, relationship banking, and financial governance in Asia. Business Horizons, 56(6), 733–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.07.011

Semenescu, A., Catarama, D., Pele, D., Dragota, V., & Obreja Brasoveanu, L. (2008). Corruption, investments and economic growth. Proceedings Of The Eighth International Business Research Conference, Dubai, UAE, 27–28. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.569.7074&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Semukhina, O., & Reynolds, K. M. (2014). Russian citizens’ perceptions of corruption and trust of the police. Policing and Society, 24(2), 158–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784290

Sen, K., & Sinha, C. (2017). The location choice of US foreign direct investment: How do institutions matter? Journal Of Institutional Economics, 13(2), 401–420. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137416000333

Sena, V., Duygun, M., Lubrano, G., Marra, M., & Shaban, M. (2018). Board independence, corruption and innovation. Some evidence on UK subsidiaries. Journal of Corporate Finance, 50, 22–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.12.028

Senci, C. (2020). Corruption and externalities: Assessing the role of intentions. Papers, 105(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.2630

Senci, C. M., Hasrun, H., Moro, R., & Freidin, E. (2019). The influence of prescriptive norms and negative externalities on bribery decisions in the lab. Rationality and Society, 31(3), 287–312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463119853893

Sengupta, A. (2016). Anti-Corruption Litigation in the Supreme Court of India. Open Society Foundations.

Sengupta, M. (2014). Anna Hazare’s Anti-Corruption Movement and the Limits of Mass Mobilization in India. Social Movement Studies, 13(3), 406–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2013.860025

Senturia, J. J. (1935). Political corruption. In Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (Vol. 4). Crowell-Collier-Macmillan.

Senu, O. (2020). A critical assessment of anti‐corruption strategies for economic development in sub‐Saharan Africa. Development Policy Review, 38(5), 664–681. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12442

Sequeira, S. (2012). Advances in Measuring Corruption. In Danila Serra & L. Wantchekon (Eds.), New Advances in Experimental Research on Corruption, Emerald Publishing. Emerald Publishing.

Sequeira, S. (2015). Corruption and Trade Costs. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.),

584 

 

Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State: Essays in Political Economy (pp. 206–223). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=47KCCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=Corruption+and+Trade+Costs%E2%80%9D,+in+Susan+Rose-Ackerman+%26+Paul+Lagunes+eds.,+Greed,+Corruption,+and+the+Modern+State+&ots=1hzDn5cItU&sig=xk-teFYbNHLChmasNBOa_AwDxZw

Sequeira, S. (2016). Corruption, Trade Costs, and Gains from Tariff Liberalization: Evidence from Southern Africa. American Economic Review, 106(10), 3029–3063.

Sequeira, S., & Djankov, S. (2012). Trade Costs and Corruption in Ports. In T. Cantens, R. Ireland, & G. Raballand (Eds.), Reform by numbers: Measurement applied to customs and tax administrations in developing countries (pp. 34–35). World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=RdEwI5W1mWcC&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=%E2%80%9CTrade+Costs+and+Corruption+in+Ports,%E2%80%9D+Reform+by+Numbers:+Measurement+Applied+to+Customs+and+Tax+Administrations+in+Developing+Countries&ots=m3fxEmzqrN&sig=nbLYkPqGitaqCrB7UbZovVOrKQ0

Sequeira, S., & Djankov, S. (2014). Corruption and firm behavior: Evidence from African ports. Journal of International Economics, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.08.010

Serafeim, G. (2013). Firm competitiveness and detection of bribery [Harvard Business School Accounting & Management Unit Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2302589

Seranmadevi, R., & Kumar, A. S. (2019). Experiencing the effect of demonetization on service sectors in India. Management Science Letters, 9(3), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2018.12.010

Serfontein, E., & de Waal, E. (2015). The corruption bogey in South Africa: Is public education safe? South African Journal of Education, 35(1), 1–12.

Serhii Ivanovych Khalymon, Mykhailo Serhiiovych Puzyrov, & Anatolii Mykhailovych Prytula. (2019). Problems of implementation of whistleblower institution in Ukraine. Juridical Tribune, 9(2), 436–454.

Serio, M. (2008). Politically exposed persons: AML, taking the profit out of corruption and problems for the banks. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 11(3), 269–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685200810889416

Serra, D. (2012). Combining Top-Down and Bottom-Up Accountability: Evidence from a Bribery Experiment. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 28(3), 569–587. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewr010

585 

 

Serra, Danila. (2006). Empirical determinants of corruption: A sensitivity analysis. Public Choice, 126(1–2), 225–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-0286-4

Serra, Danila, Serneels, P., & Barr, A. (2011). Intrinsic motivations and the non-profit health sector: Evidence from Ethiopia. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 309–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.04.018

Serra, Danila, & Wantchekon, L. (2012). New Advances in Experimental Research on Corruption. Emerald Group Publishing.

Serra, G. (2016). Vote Buying with Illegal Resources: Manifestation of a Weak Rule of Law in Mexico. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 8(1), 129.

Serritzlew, S., Sønderskov, K. M., & Svendsen, G. T. (2014). Do Corruption and Social Trust Affect Economic Growth? A Review. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2012.741442

Setyaningrum, D. (2017). E-Government as an Anti-Corruption Tool: Experience from Indonesia. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. http://search.proquest.com/docview/2059038897/?pq-origsite=primo

Seuntjens, T., Zeelenberg, M., van de Ven, N., & Breugelmans, S. (2019). Greedy bastards: Testing the relationship between wanting more and unethical behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 138, 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.027

Sevüktekin, M., Nargeleçekenler, M., & Giray, F. (2010). A Cross-Country Comparison of Corruption and Public Expenditures: A Panel Data Approach. International Journal of Public Administration, 33(3), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690903304159

Sewpersadh, P., & Mubangizi, J. (2017). Using the Law to Combat Public Procurement Corruption in South Africa: Lessons from Hong Kong. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 20.

Seyf, A. (2001). Corruption and development: A study of conflict. Development in Practice, 11(5), 597–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520120085340

Shabbir, G. (2007). Determinants of corruption in developing countries. The Pakistan Development Review, 46(4), 751–764.

Shadnam, M., Lawrence, T. B., & Philosophy Documentation Center. (2011). Understanding Widespread Misconduct in Organizations: An Institutional Theory of Moral Collapse. Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(3), 379–407. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq201121324

Shafiq, M. N. (2015). Aspects of Moral Change in India, 1990–2006: Evidence from Public Attitudes toward Tax Evasion and Bribery. World Development, 68, 136–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.11.017

586 

 

Shah, Ajay, Eminson, K., Bogdanovica, I., & Britton, J. (2019). The Relation Between Tobacco Tax Structure and Corruption in European Union Member States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2842. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162842

Shah, Anwar. (2006). Corruption and decentralized public governance (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 32824). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=877331

Shah, Anwar. (2007). Tailoring the Fight against Corruption to Country Circumstances. In Anwar Shah (Ed.), Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-6941-8

Shah, Anwar. (2014). Decentralized Provision of Public Infrastructure and Corruption [International Center for Public Policy Working Paper 14-18]. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/icepp/14/

Shah, Anwar, & Schacter, M. (2004). Combating Corruption: Look Before You Leap. Finance & Development, 41(4), 40–43.

Shah, Anwar, Thompson, T., & Zou, H. (2004). The impact of decentralization on service delivery, corruption, fiscal management and growth in developing and emerging market economies: A synthesis of empirical evidence. CESifo DICE Report, 1(2004), 10–14.

Shah, S. H., Ahmad, M. H., & Ahmed, Q. M. (2016). The nexus between sectoral FDI and institutional quality: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Applied Economics, 48(17), 1591–1601. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1103039

Shahabuddin, S. (2002). The Causes and Consequences of Bribery in International Business. International Journal of Management, 19(2), 366–376.

Shahbaz, M., Hye, Q. M., & Shabbir, M. S. (2013). Does Corruption Increase Financial Development? A Time Series Analysis in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research (IJEER), 1(10), 113–124.

Shaheer, N., Yi, J., Li, S., & Chen, L. (2017). State-Owned Enterprises as Bribe Payers: The Role of Institutional Environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3768-z

Shalvi, S., Eldar, O., & Bereby-Meyer, Y. (2012). Honesty Requires Time (and Lack of Justifications). Psychological Science, 23(10), 1264–1270. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612443835

Shalvi, Shaul. (2016). Corruption corrupts. Nature, 531(7595), 456.

Shan, M, Le, Y., Yiu, K., Chan, A., & Hu, Y. (2017). Investigating the Underlying Factors of

587 

 

Corruption in the Public Construction Sector: Evidence from China. Science And Engineering Ethics, 23(6), 1643–1666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-016-9865-z

Shan, Ming, Chan, A. P. C., Le, Y., & Hu, Y. (2015). Investigating the Effectiveness of Response Strategies for Vulnerabilities to Corruption in the Chinese Public Construction Sector. Science and Engineering Ethics, 21(3), 683–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9560-x

Shan, Ming, Chan, A. P. C., Le, Y., Xia, B., & Hu, Y. (2015). Measuring Corruption in Public Construction Projects in China. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 141(4), 05015001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000241

Shang, D. (2019). Why are Chinese ethics declining? Time & Society, 28(1), 438–453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X16658803

Shao, J., Ivanov, P. Ch., Podobnik, B., & Stanley, H. E. (2007). Quantitative relations between corruption and economic factors. The European Physical Journal B, 56(2), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2007-00098-2

Sharafutdinova, G. (2010). What Explains Corruption Perceptions? The Dark Side of Political Competition in Russia’s Regions. Comparative Politics, 42(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041510X12911363509431

Sharma, A. (2018). New Brooms and Old: Sweeping Up Corruption in India, One Law at a Time. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S72–S82. https://doi.org/10.1086/696070

Sharma, C., & Mitra, A. (2015). Corruption, governance and firm performance: Evidence from Indian enterprises. Journal of Policy Modeling, 37(5), 835–851.

Sharma, D., & Ashat, S. (2014). Corruption: Reasons & Remedy to Sustain Economic Development. Available at SSRN 2406938. http://papers.ssrn.com/soL3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2406938

Sharman, J. C. (2010). Shopping for Anonymous Shell Companies: An Audit Study of Anonymity and Crime in the International Financial System. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(4), 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.4.127

Sharman, J. C. (2011a). The Money Laundry: Regulating Criminal Finance in the Global Economy. Cornell University Press. http://cornell.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7591/cornell/9780801450181.001.0001/upso-9780801450181

Sharman, J. C. (2011b). Testing the Global Financial Transparency Regime1. International Studies Quarterly, 55(4), 981–1001. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00693.x

Sharman, J. C. (2012). Chasing kleptocrats’ loot: Narrowing the effectiveness gap. U4 Issue

588 

 

Paper, 4, U4.

Sharman, J. C., & Chaikin, D. (2009). Corruption and Anti-Money-Laundering Systems: Putting a Luxury Good to Work. Governance, 22(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.01420.x

Sharman, J. C. (Jason C. (2017). The despot’s guide to wealth management: On the international campaign against grand corruption. Cornell University Press.

Sharpe, N. F. (2019). Prioritizing Process: Empowering the Corporate Ethics and Compliance Function. University of Illinois Law Review, 2019(4), 1321–1351.

Shaw, B. (2000). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and progeny: Morally unassailable. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 689.

Shaw, P., Katsaiti, M.-S., & Jurgilas, M. (2011). Corruption and Growth under Weak Identification. Economic Inquiry, 49(1), 264–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2009.00276.x

Shaw, P., Katsaiti, M.-S., & Pecoraro, B. (2015). On the Determinants of Educational Corruption: The Case of Ukraine. Contemporary Economic Policy, 33(4), 698–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12097

Shaxson, N. (2007). Oil, corruption and the resource curse. International Affairs, 83(6), 1123–1140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00677.x

Sheahen, K. (2010). I’m Not Going to Disneyland: Illusory Affirmative Defenses Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Wisconsin International Law Journal, Forthcoming. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1657675

Sheffet, M. J. (1995). The foreign corrupt practices act and the omnibus trade and competitiveness act of 1988: Did they change corporate behavior? Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 290–300.

Shehada, Y. (2015). Does Foreign Aid Accelerate Corruption? The Case of the Palestinian National Authority. Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies, 14(2), 165–187. https://doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2015.0116

Shehu, A. Y. (2015). Nigeria: The way through corruption to the well-being of a people. National Open University of Nigeria. http://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=40752083X

Shekshnia, S., Ledeneva, A., & Denisova-Schmidt, E. (2014). Reflective Leadership vs. Endemic Corruption in Emerging Markets (INSEAD Working Paper No. 2013/121/EFE). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2373889

Shekshnia, S., Ledeneva, A., & Denisova-Schmidt, E. (2017). Managing Business Corruption:

589 

 

Targeting Non-Compliant Practices in Systemically Corrupt Environments. The Slavonic and East European Review, 95(1), 151–174. https://doi.org/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.95.1.0151

Shelley, L. (2005). Civil society mobilized against corruption: Russia and Ukraine. In Michael Johnston (Ed.), Civil society and corruption: Mobilizing for reform (pp. 3–22). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=PGrAc4cMDw8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=%22Civil+Society+Mobilized+Against+Corruption:+Russia+and+Ukraine%22,+in+Micheal+Johnston,+ed.,+Civil+Society+and+Corruption:+Mobilizing+for+Reform&ots=qxctgfyqco&sig=ThYl4BFoI7oGW3Uli0Xow_65lR4

Shelley, L. (2006). The Unholy Trinity: Transnational Crime, Corruption, and Terrorism. NATO SECURITY THROUGH SCIENCE SERIES E HUMAN AND SOCIETAL DYNAMICS, 10, 100.

Shelley, L. I. (2018). Corruption & Illicit Trade. Daedalus, 147(3), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00506

Shelley, L. I., & Picarelli, J. T. (2002). Methods Not Motives: Implications of the Convergence of International Organized Crime and Terrorism. Police Practice and Research, 3(4), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/1561426022000032079

Shen, C. (2005). Corruption, Democracy, Economic Freedom, and State Strength: A Cross-national Analysis. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 46(4), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715205059206

Shen, P., Betz, R., Ortmann, A., & Gong, R. (2020). Improving Truthful Reporting of Polluting Firms by Rotating Inspectors: Experimental Evidence from a Bribery Game. Environmental & Resource Economics, 76(2–3), 201–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00417-0

Sheng, J., Han, X., Zhou, H., & Miao, Z. (2016). Effects of corruption on performance: Evidence from the UN-REDD Programme. Land Use Policy, 59, 344–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.09.014

Sheng, J., Zhou, W., & Zhang, S. (2019). The role of the intensity of environmental regulation and corruption in the employment of manufacturing enterprises: Evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 219, 244–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.113

Shepherd, A. (2000). Governance, Good Government and Poverty Reduction. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 66(2), 269–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852300662004

Shepherd, B. (2009). Speed Money: Time, Corruption and Trade (MPRA Paper 17337).

590 

 

http://mpra. ub. uni-muenchen. de/17337

Shepherd, Ben. (2009). More Speed, Less “Speed Money”: Asia-Pacific Firm-Level Evidence on Border Crossing Times as Corruption Incentives. http://developing-trade.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Working-Paper-DTC-2009-3.pdf

Shepler, S. (2017). “We Know Who is Eating the Ebola Money!”: Corruption, the State, and the Ebola Response. Anthropological Quarterly, 90(2), 451–473.

Shera, A. (2011). Corruption and the impact on the economic growth. Journal of Information Technology and Economic Development, 2(1), 39.

Shera, A., Dosti, B., & Grabova, P. (2014). Corruption impact on Economic Growth: An empirical analysis. Journal of Economic Development, Management, IT, Finance & Marketing, 6(2), 57–77.

Sherk, D. R., & Johnston, M. (2005). The Cultural Dimension of Corruption: Reflections on Nigeria. In Civil Society and Corruption: Mobilising for Reform, edited by Michael Johnston (pp. 61–70). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=PGrAc4cMDw8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA61&dq=The+Cultural+Dimensions+of+Corruption:+Reflections+on+Nigeria%22,+in+Micheal+Johnston,+ed.,+Civil+Society+and+Corruption:+Mobilizing+for+Reform&ots=qxctgfyrbo&sig=UFTETXE2PduuZsY678jNdK53XG8

Sherlock, S. (2002). Combating Corruption in Indonesia? The Ombudsman and the Assets Auditing Commission. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 38(3), 367–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910215532

Sherman, L. W. (1980). Three Models of Organizational Corruption in Agencies of Social Control. Social Problems, 27(4), 478–491. https://doi.org/10.2307/800176

Sherman, L. W. (1985). Becoming Bent: Moral Careers of Corrupt Policemen. In F. Elliston & M. Feldberg (Eds.), Moral issues in police work. Rowman & Allanheld.

Sheyn, E. R. (2011). Criminalizing the denial of honest services after Skilling. Wisconsin Law Review, 2011(1), 27–65.

Shi, J., Liu, R., Jiang, H., Wang, C., Xiao, Y., Liu, N., Wang, Z., & Shi, L. (2018). Moving towards a better path? A mixed-method examination of China’s reforms to remedy medical corruption from pharmaceutical firms. BMJ Open, 8(2), e018513. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018513

Shi, S., & Temzelides, T. (2004). A Model of Bureaucracy and Corruption. International Economic Review, 45(3), 873–908. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-6598.2004.00290.x

591 

 

Shi, Y., & Pan, M. (2018). Dynamics of Social Tolerance on Corruption: An Economic Interaction Perspective. Romanian Journal Of Economic Forecasting, 21(2), 135–141.

Shih, V., Adolph, C., & Liu, M. (2012). Getting Ahead in the Communist Party: Explaining the Advancement of Central Committee Members in China. American Political Science Review, 106(01), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000566

Shihata, I. F. I. (1997). Corruption: A General Review with an Emphasis on the Role of the World Bank. Journal of Financial Crime, 5(1), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb025812

Shim, D. C., & Eom, T. H. (2008). E-Government and Anti-Corruption: Empirical Analysis of International Data. International Journal of Public Administration, 31(3), 298–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690701590553

Shim, D. C., & Eom, T. H. (2009). Anticorruption effects of information communication and technology (ICT) and social capital. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852308099508

Shimpalee, P. L., & Breuer, J. B. (2006). Currency crises and institutions. Journal of International Money and Finance, 25(1), 125–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2005.10.008

Shin, J. H. (2015). Voter Demands for Patronage: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of East Asian Studies, 15(01), 127–151. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800004197

Shinar, C. (2016). Organized Crime in Russia. European Review, 24(4), 631–640. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798716000284

Shirazi, M. A. (2011). The impact of corruption on international trade. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 40(1–3), 435.

Shirin, S. S. (2015). Corruption in Higher Education in Russia—First Decade of the 21st Century. International Education Studies, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n2p160

Shiwei Xu, Mingzhe Qiao, Bin Che, & Peng Tong. (2019). Regional Anti-Corruption and CSR Disclosure in a Transition Economy: The Contingent Effects of Ownership and Political Connection. Sustainability, 11(9), 2499. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092499

Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1993). Corruption. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 599–617. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118402

Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1994). Politicians and Firms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(4), 995–1025. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118354

Shleifer, Andrei. (2004). Does Competition Destroy Ethical Behavior? American Economic Review, 94(2), 414–418. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041301498

592 

 

Shockley, B., Ewers, M., Nardis, Y., & Gengler, J. (2018). Exaggerating good governance: Regime type and score inflation among executive survey informants. Governance-An International Journal Of Policy Administration And Institutions, 31(4), 643–664. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12330

Sholderer, O. (2013). The drivers of police reform: The cases of Georgia and Armenia.(Report). CEU Political Science Journal, 8(3), 323.

Shonchoy, A. S. (2016). Political Institutions, Governance, and Consumption Expenditure in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. Contemporary Economic Policy, 34(4), 710–728. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12162

Shore, C. (2005). Culture and corruption in the EU: Reflections on fraud, nepotism and cronyism in the European Commission. In Corruption: Anthropological Perspectives (pp. 131–155). http://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_1/CORRUPTION%20Haller_Corruption-Anthropological%20Perspectives.pdf#page=135

Shore, C. (2018). How Corrupt Are Universities? Audit Culture, Fraud Prevention, and the Big Four Accountancy Firms. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S92–S104. https://doi.org/10.1086/695833

Shore, C., & Haller, D. (2005). Sharp practice: Anthropology and the study of corruption. In Corruption: Anthropological Perspectives (pp. 1–26).

Shostko, O. (2020). Promoting the Legal Protection of Anti-Corruption Whistleblowers in Ukraine. Demokratizatsiya, 28(2), 229–245.

Shrewsbury, D. A. (2012). Degrees of corruption: The current state of “corrupt persuasion” in 18 U.S.C. 1512. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 375–401.

Shu, L. L., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. H. (2011). Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disengagement and Motivated Forgetting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(3), 330–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211398138

Shu, Lisa L., & Gino, F. (2012). Sweeping dishonesty under the rug: How unethical actions lead to forgetting of moral rules. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(6), 1164–1177. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028381

Shu, Y., & Cai, J. (2017). “Alcohol Bans”: Can they reveal the effect of Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption campaign? European Journal of Political Economy, 50, 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2017.09.004

Shuaib, M., Daud, S. M., Alam, S., & Khan, W. Z. (2020). Blockchain-based framework for secure and reliable land registry system. Telkomnika, 18(5), 2560–2571.

593 

 

https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v18i5.15787

Shu-Chen, C., & Chang, H.-F. (2020). Same Trade Openness Yet Different Environmental Quality—But Why? Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793993320500027

Shukrala, E., & Allan, W. (2011). Foreign Aid, women in parliament and corruption: Empirical evidence from the 2000s’. Economics Bulletin, 31(1), 519–533.

Shulman, S. (2014). The criminalization of bribery: Can the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act be applicable to the anti-bribery provisions of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption? American University International Law Review, 29(3), 717–753.

Siavelis, P. M. (2000). Disconnected Fire Alarms and Ineffective Police Patrols: Legislative Oversight in Postauthoritarian Chile. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 42(1), 71–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2000.tb00126.x

Sicakova-Beblava, E., & Beblavy, M. (2016). Using government manifestos to analyse the political salience and shape of anti-corruption policies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Policy Studies, 37(4), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2016.1146247

Sidani, Y. M., Thornberry, J., & Philosophy Documentation Center. (2013). Nepotism in the Arab World: An Institutional Theory Perspective. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(1), 69–96. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq20132313

Siddiquee, N. A. (2010). Combating Corruption and Managing Integrity in Malaysia: A Critical Overview of Recent Strategies and Initiatives. Public Organization Review, 10(2), 153–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-009-0102-y

Sidorenko, E., & Lykov, A. (2019). Digital Economy and Anti-Corruption: New Digital Models. SHS Web of Conferences, 71. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197103004

Signor, R., Love, P., Oliveira, A., Lopes, A., & Oliveira, P. (2020). Public Infrastructure Procurement: Detecting Collusion in Capped First-Priced Auctions. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000543

Sik, E. (1999). Some thoughts about the sociology of corruption from an East-European perspective. Princeton University. CEU Conference on Corruption, Budapest.

Sikka, P., & Lehman, G. (2015). The supply-side of corruption and limits to preventing corruption within government procurement and constructing ethical subjects. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 28, 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2015.01.008

Silva, E. C. D., Kahn, C. M., & Zhu, X. (2007). Crime and Punishment and Corruption: Who Needs “Untouchables?” Journal of Public Economic Theory, 9(1), 69–87.

594 

 

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9779.2007.00298.x

Silva, P. (2016). ‘A Poor but Honest Country’: Corruption and Probity in Chile. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(2), 178–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609712

Silveira, L. (2019). Can the WTO Bring More Teeth to the Global Anticorruption Agenda? Journal of World Trade, 53(1), 129–151.

Silverman, E. B., Anechiarico, F., & Jacobs, J. B. (1998). The Price of Controlling Corruption. Public Administration Review, 58(2), 182. https://doi.org/10.2307/976367

Silvestre, B. S., Monteiro, M. S., Viana, F. L. E., & de Sousa-Filho, J. M. (2018). Challenges for sustainable supply chain management: When stakeholder collaboration becomes conducive to corruption. Journal of Cleaner Production, 194, 766–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.127

Simon, R., & Sweigart, E. (2020). The Risky Politics of Anti–Money Laundering. Americas Quarterly, 14(2), 11.

Simpser, A. (2008). Cheating big: On the logic of electoral corruption in developing countries [Working Paper]. University of Chicago, Department of Political Science.

Simpser, A. (2012). Does Electoral Manipulation Discourage Voter Turnout? Evidence from Mexico. The Journal of Politics, 74(3), 782–795. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381612000333

Simpser, A. (2013). The Intergenerational Persistence of Attitudes Toward Corruption [Working Paper]. http://qog.pol.gu.se/digitalAssets/1530/1530086_simpser.pdf

Simpser, A. (2020). The Culture of Corruption across Generations: An Empirical Study of Bribery Attitudes and Behavior. The Journal of Politics, 82(4), 1373–1389. https://doi.org/10.1086/708501

Simpson, D. (2014). The Art of the Watchdog: Fighting Fraud, Waste, Abuse, and Corruption in Government by Daniel L.Feldman and David R.Eichenthal. Albany, State University of New York Press, 2014. 353 pp. $29.95.: BOOK REVIEW. Political Science Quarterly, 129(3), 548–549. https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.12244

Simpson, J. G. (2016). Ghana and the ideal of the citizen-shareholder: A corporate-law response to the resource curse. Duke Law Journal, 65(6), 1281.

Simpson, M. (2014). Terrorism and Corruption: Alternatives for Goal Attainment Within Political Opportunity Structures. International Journal of Sociology, 44(2), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.2753/IJS0020-7659440204

Sims, R. L., Gong, B., & Ruppel, C. P. (2012). A contingency theory of corruption: The effect of

595 

 

human development and national culture. The Social Science Journal, 49(1), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2011.07.005

SINARYATI, N. W., & ARTHA, I. G. (2020). Formulative Policy of Death Penalty for Corruptors in Indonesia. PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, 4(2), 55–69. https://doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v4i2.151

Sindzingre, A. (2005). States, Networks, and Rents: Contrasting Corruption in Africa and Asia. In Michael Johnston (Ed.), Civil Society and Corruption: Mobilizing for Reform (pp. 33–60). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gHNGPLy_cOwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA33&dq=+%22States,+Networks,+and+Rents:+Contrasting+Corruption+in+Africa+and+Asia%22,+in+Micheal+Johnston,+ed.,+Civil+Society+and+Corruption:+Mobilizing+for+Reform&ots=wDtXOGGI-z&sig=5mC8BejQOPFpnFsB5qWZlJ0IaBE

Singer, M. M. (2020). Conditional Accountability for the Economy, Insecurity, and Corruption Across Latin American Party Systems. Latin American Politics and Society, 62(4), 126–152. https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2020.18

Singer, S. (2009). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in the private equity era: Extracting a hidden element. Emory International Law Review, 23(1), 273–308.

Singh, B. P., & Kannadhasan, M. (2020). Corruption and capital structure in emerging markets: A panel quantile regression approach. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100417

Singh, D. (2016). Anti-corruption Strategies in Afghanistan: An Alternative Approach. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(1), 44–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609714

Singh, Danny. (2015). Explaining varieties of corruption in the Afghan Justice Sector. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 9(2), 231–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2015.1033093

Singh, Danny. (2018). Challenging corruption and clientelism in post-conflict and developing states. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-018-9807-6

Singh, Gurharpal. (1997). Understanding Political Corruption in Contemporary Indian Politics. Political Studies, 45(3), 626–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00099

Singh, Gurmeet, Pathak, R. D., Naz, R., & Belwal, R. (2010). E‐governance for improved public sector service delivery in India, Ethiopia and Fiji. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 23(3), 254–275. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513551011032473

Singh, S. (2016). Competition in Corruptible Markets (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2915595). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2915595

596 

 

Sinha, A., Gupta, M., Shahbaz, M., & Sengupta, T. (2019). Impact of corruption in public sector on environmental quality: Implications for sustainability in BRICS and next 11 countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232, 1379–1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.066

Sinlapapiromsuk, T. (2013). The Legal Consequences of Investor Corruption in Investor-State Disputes: How Should the System Proceed? Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1959&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter

Sioussiouras, P., & Vavouras, I. (2012). Political Rights, Development, and Corruption in the Balkan and Arab Mediterranean Countries. Mediterranean Quarterly, 23(1), 89–103.

Sirotkina, N., & Pavlovskaya, S. (2018). Public Procurement in Russia: What Hinders Innovation? International Journal of Public Administration, 41(5–6), 435–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1426009

Sissener, T. K. (2001). Anthropological perspectives on corruption [Working Paper]. Chr. Michelsen Institute. http://bora.cmi.no/dspace/handle/10202/209

SITNIKOV, P. V., IBRAYEVA, A. S., ALDABERGENOV, A. T., BAIKENZHEYEV, A. S., & IBRAYEV, N. S. (2020). Forming an Anti-Corruption Culture of Law Enforcement Agencies: National and International Experience. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 11(2), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.2(48).30

Sivachenko, I. (2013). Corporate victims of “victimless crime”: How the FCPA’s statutory ambiguity, coupled with strict liability, hurts businesses and discourages compliance. Boston College Law Review, 54(1), 393–431.

Siverson, R. M., & Johnson, R. A. I. (2014). Politics and Parasites: The Contribution of Corruption to Human Misery. International Studies Quarterly, 58(1), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12052

Sjahrir, B. S., Kis-Katos, K., & Schulze, G. G. (2014). Administrative Overspending in Indonesian Districts: The Role of Local Politics. World Development, 59, 166–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.008

Sjoberg, F. M. (2014). Autocratic adaptation: The strategic use of transparency and the persistence of election fraud. Electoral Studies, 33, 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.08.004

Sjoberg, F. M. (2016). Bring the party back in: Institutional design for ‘smart election fraud.’ Electoral Studies, 44, 307–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2016.06.015

597 

 

Skendaj, E. (2016). Social Status and Minority Corruption in the Western Balkans. Problems of Post-Communism, 63(2), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2015.1106323

Skidmore, M. J. (1996). Promise and Peril in Combating Corruption: Hong Kong’s ICAC. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 547(1), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716296547001010

Skladany, M. (2009). Buying Our Way Out of Corruption: Performance-Based Incentive Bonuses for Developing Country Politicians and Bureaucrats. Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal, 12, 160–283.

Skoblikov, P. (2006). How is Corruption Punished in Present Day Russia? European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 14(4), 440–449. https://doi.org/10.1163/157181706780132823

Skolnick, J. (2002). Corruption and the Blue Code of Silence. Police Practice and Research, 3(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614260290011309

Školník, M. (2020). The Effects of Corruption on Various Forms of Political Participation in Colombia. Latin American Policy, 11(1), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.12180

Skouras, S., & Christodoulakis, N. (2010). Electoral Misgovernance Cycles: Evidence from wildfires and tax evasion in Greece and elsewhere [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1709068

Slemrod, J., & Weber, C. (2012). Evidence of the invisible: Toward a credibility revolution in the empirical analysis of tax evasion and the informal economy. International Tax and Public Finance, 19(1), 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-011-9181-0

Slinko, I. (2005). Laws for Sale: Evidence from Russia. American Law and Economics Review, 7(1), 284–318. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahi010

Slomczynski, K., & Shabad, G. (2012). Perceptions of political party corruption and voting behaviour in Poland. Party Politics, 18(6), 897–917. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068810393266

Smaila, U., & Jaquet, J. (2017). When bad gets worse: Corruption and fisheries : Corruption, Natural Resources and Development From Resource Curse to Political Ecology. In Corruption, Natural Resources, and Development (pp. 93–105). Elgar. https://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781785361197.00015.xml

Smaltz, D. (1998). The independent counsel: A view from inside. Georgetown Law Journal, 86(6), 2307–2378.

Smart, A. (1993). Gifts, Bribes, and Guanxi: A Reconsideration of Bourdieu’s Social Capital. Cultural Anthropology, 8(3), 388–408. https://doi.org/10.1525/can.1993.8.3.02a00060

598 

 

Smart, A. (2018). The Unbearable Discretion of Street-Level Bureaucrats: Corruption and Collusion in Hong Kong. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S37–S47. https://doi.org/10.1086/695694

Smart, A., & Hsu, C. L. (2007). Corruption or social capital? Tact and the performance of guanxi in market socialist China. In Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective (pp. 167–190). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=e0bJtdjisCQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA167&dq=+%22Corruption+or+Social+Capital%3F+Tact+and+the+Performance+of+Guanxi+in+Market+Socialist+China%22,+in+Monique+Juijten+%26+Gerhard+Anders+eds.,+Corruption+and+the+Secret+of+Law:+A+Legal+Anthropological+Perspective&ots=CFbFco8Bkf&sig=7pgfq-fRoA2cIyDNCXvUStCHd9o

Smarzynska, B. K., & Wei, S.-J. (2000). Corruption and composition of foreign direct investment: Firm-level evidence (NBER Working Paper No. 7969). National bureau of economic research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w7969

Smillie, I. (2017). Institutional corruption and Canadian foreign aid. Canadian Foreign Policy, 23(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2016.1250653

Smilov, D. (2010). Anticorruption agencies: Expressive, constructivist and strategic uses. Crime, Law and Social Change, 53(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-009-9215-z

Smilov, D., & Dorosiev, R. (2016). Corruption in Bulgaria: Contested Perceptions, Shared Disappointment. In The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (p. 219). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HxWgCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA219&dq=%22Corruption+in+Bulgaria:+Contested+Perceptions,+Shared+Disappointment%22,+in+Dirk+Tanzler,+Konstadinos+Maras+%26+Angelos+Giannakopoulos+eds.,+The+Social+Construction+of+Corruption+in+Europe+&ots=nMrwPjtyR4&sig=ycNT7DtlLSm-LDbtyv4sY7ZIwBI

Smirnova, L. (2014). Political Reform and the Fight Against Corruption in the PRC: International Experience and the Chinese Model. International Affairs, 60(5), 170.

Smith, B. (2008). Edmund Burke, the Warren Hastings Trial, and the Moral Dimension of Corruption*. Polity, 40(1), 70–94. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.polity.2300051

Smith, C. F., & Parling, B. D. (2012). “American imperialism”: A practitioner’s experience with extraterritorial enforcement of the FCPA. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 237–257.

Smith, D. (2007). A culture of corruption: Everyday deception and popular discontent in Nigeria.

Smith, D. B., Stettler, H., & Beedles, W. (1984). An investigation of the information content of foreign sensitive payment disclosures. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 6(2),

599 

 

153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(84)90011-9

Smith, D. J. (2001). Kinship and Corruption in Contemporary Nigeria. Ethnos, 66(3), 344–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141840120095131

Smith, D. J. (2009). The Paradoxes of Popular Participation in Corruption in Nigeria. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 283-309.). Brookings Institution Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8rRCB7qYuwMC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=%22The+Paradoxes+of+Popular+Participation+in+Corruption+in+Nigeria%22%22The+Paradoxes+of+Popular+Participation+in+Corruption+in+Nigeria%22,+in+Robert+I.+Rotberg,+ed.+Corruption,+Global+Security+and+World+Order&ots=x2JMXS5v9-&sig=KB3mHQFVRxmB8YhntCSIPFrz6uM

Smith, D. J. (2014). Corruption complaints, inequality and ethnic grievances in post-Biafra Nigeria. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 787–802. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921430

Smith, D. J. (2018). Corruption and “Culture” in Anthropology and in Nigeria. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S83–S91. https://doi.org/10.1086/695714

Smith, E. J. (2012). Resolving ambiguity in the FCPA through compliance with the OECD Convention on bribery of Foreign Public Officials. Md. J. Int’l L., 27, 377.

Smith, G. (2011). Assessing the effectiveness of ethics legislation in influencing parliamentary attitudes toward corruption: A cross national comparison between the UK and Ireland: Influence of ethics legislation on parliament. Journal of Public Affairs, 11(2), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.390

Smith, J. D. (2016). US political corruption and firm financial policies. Journal of Financial Economics, 121(2), 350–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.08.021

Smith, J., Obidzinski, K., Subarudi, & Suramenggala, I. (2003). Illegal logging, collusive corruption and fragmented governments in Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Forestry Review, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1505/IFOR.5.3.293.19138

Smith, L. E. (2014). Is Strict Liability the Answer in the Battle against Foreign Corporate Bribery? Brooklyn Law Review, 79, 1801–1801.

Smith, N., & Thomas, E. (2015). Determinants of Russia’s Informal Economy: The Impact of Corruption and Multinational Firms. Journal of East-West Business, 21(2), 102–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2015.1004148

Smith, N., Thomas, E., & Antoniou, C. (2014). Multi-National Firms, Corruption and Innovation in Russia. In Multinational Enterprises, Markets and Institutional Diversity (Vol. 9, pp.

600 

 

347–371). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-886220140000009014

Smith, R. C. (2013). Combating FCPA Charges: Is Resistance Futile. Va. J. Int’l L., 54, 157.

Smith, R. G., & Jorna, P. (2011). Corrupt misuse of information and communications technologies. Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption, 255.

Smith, R. J., Muir, R. D. J., Walpole, M. J., Balmford, A., & Leader-Williams, N. (2003). Governance and the loss of biodiversity. Nature, 426(6962), 67–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02025

Smith, R. W. (2003). Enforcement or Ethical Capacity: Considering the Role of State Ethics Commissions at the Millennium. Public Administration Review, 63(3), 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6210.00290

Smith, Robert J., Biggs, D., St. John, F. A. V., ‘t Sas-Rolfes, M., & Barrington, R. (2015). Elephant conservation and corruption beyond the ivory trade. Conservation Biology, 29(3), 953–956. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12488

Smith, Robert J., Muir, R. D. J., Walpole, M. J., Balmford, A., Leader-Williams, N., Barrett, C. B., Gibson, C. C., Hoffman, B., & McCubbins, M. D. (2007). Revisting the Links between Governance and Biodiversity Loss. Conservation Biology, 21(4), 899–901.

Smith, Robert J., & Walpole, M. J. (2005). Should conservationists pay more attention to corruption? Oryx, 39(3), 251–256. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605305000608

Smith, T. (1995). Political sleaze in Britain: Causes, concerns and cures. Parliamentary Affairs, 48(4), 551–562.

Smith, T. B. (2004). Electricity theft: A comparative analysis. Energy Policy, 32(18), 2067–2076.

Smith-Crowe, K., Tenbrunsel, A. E., Chan-Serafin, S., Brief, A. P., Umphress, E. E., & Joseph, J. (2015). The Ethics “Fix”: When Formal Systems Make a Difference. Journal of Business Ethics, 131(4), 791–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-2022-6

Smith-Crowe, K., & Warren, D. E. (2014). The Emotion-Evoked Collective Corruption Model: The Role of Emotion in the Spread of Corruption Within Organizations. Organization Science, 25(4), 1154–1171. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0896

Smith-Hillman, A. V. (2007). Competition policy, inflation and corruption: Evidence from African economies. Applied Economics Letters, 14(9), 653–656. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850500461415

Smulovitz, C., & Peruzzotti, E. (2000). Societal Accountability in Latin America. Journal of

601 

 

Democracy, 11(4), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2000.0087

Smyth, R., & Qian, J. X. (2009). Corruption and left-wing beliefs in a post-socialist transition economy: Evidence from China’s ‘harmonious society.’ Economics Letters, 102(1), 42–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2008.11.006

Sneath, D. (2002). Reciprocity and notions of corruption in contemporary Mongolia. Mongolian Studies, 25, 85–99.

Sneath, D. (2006). Transacting and enacting: Corruption, obligation and the use of monies in Mongolia. Ethnos, 71(1), 89–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141840600603228

Snegovaya, M. (2020). Voice or exit? Political corruption and voting intentions in Hungary. Democratization, 27(7), 1162–1182. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1766447

Snider, T. R., & Kidane, W. (2007). Combating corruption through international law in Africa: A comparative analysis. Cornell International Law Journal, 40(3), 691–748.

Snow Bailard, C. (2009). Mobile phone diffusion and corruption in Africa. Political Communication, 26(3), 333–353.

Snow, D., & Prater, J. (2018). Ecosystem Interrupted: How Waste, Culture, and Corruption are Stifling Economic Development and Entrepreneurship in Eastern Kentucky. The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 20(7), 71–88.

Snyder, J. M., & Strömberg, D. (2010). Press Coverage and Political Accountability. Journal of Political Economy, 118(2), 355–408. https://doi.org/10.1086/652903

Soans, A., & Abe, M. (2016). Bribery, corruption and bureaucratic hassle: Evidence from Myanmar. Journal of Asian Economics, 44(Journal Article), 41.

Sobrinho, N., & Thakoor, V. (2019). More Sand Than Oil. Finance & Development, 56(3), 35–37.

Soeng, R., & Cuyvers, L. (2017). Domestic institutions and export performance: Evidence for Cambodia. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2017.1386230

Soest, C. von. (2013). Anhaltende systemische Korruption: Warum Demokratisierung und ökonomische Liberalisierung ein altes Problem nicht gelöst haben. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 57–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0157-6

Sofe, A. A. (2020). Assessment of corruption in the humanitarian assistance in Puntland State of Somalia. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(1), 104–118. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2019-0017

602 

 

Sohail, M., & Cavill, S. (2008). Accountability to Prevent Corruption in Construction Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 134(9), 729–738. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:9(729)

Sohmen, H. (1999). Critical Importance of Controlling Corruption. The International Lawyer, 33(4), 863–873.

Solaz, H., De Vries, C. E., & de Geus, R. A. (2019). In-Group Loyalty and the Punishment of Corruption. Comparative Political Studies, 52(6), 896–926. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414018797951

Solé-Ollé, A., & Sorribas-Navarro, P. (2017). Trust no more? On the lasting effects of corruption scandals. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2017.12.003

Solimine, P. C. (2020). Political corruption and the congestion of controllability in social networks. Applied Network Science, 5(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-020-00263-5

Solis, J. A., & Antenangeli, L. (2017). Corruption Is Bad News for a Free Press: Reassessing the Relationship Between Media Freedom and Corruption. Social Science Quarterly, 98(3), 1112–1137. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12438

Solovyeva, A. (2020). Student Attitudes and Experience with Academic Corruption in the Khabarovsk Region of Russia. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 15–19). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000003.xml

Soltes, E. (2019). The frequency of corporate misconduct: Public enforcement versus private reality. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(4), 923–937. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2018-0107

Somlo, M. J. (2015). Historical inefficiencies and future potential: A critical analysis of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. International Journal of Economics and Accounting, 6(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEA.2015.068975

Sommer, J. (2018). State Spending and Governance: A Cross‐National Analysis of Forest Loss in Developing Nations*. Sociological Inquiry, 88(4), 696–723. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12224

Sommer, J. M. (2017). Grand and petty corruption: A cross-national analysis of forest loss in low- and middle-income nations. Environmental Sociology, 3(4), 414–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2017.1348569

Sommer, J. M. (2020). Corruption and Health expenditure: A Cross-National Analysis on Infant and Child Mortality. European Journal of Development Research, 32(3), 690–717.

603 

 

https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-019-00235-1

Song, B. (2016). Media markets and politicians involved in scandals. Social Science Journal, 53(4), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2016.02.012

Song, X., & Cheng, W. (2012). Perception of Corruption in 36 Major Chinese Cities: Based on Survey of 1,642 Experts. Social Indicators Research, 109(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9896-4

Song, Y., Wang, M. Y., & Lei, X. (2016). Following the Money: Corruption, Conflict, and the Winners and Losers of Suburban Land Acquisition in China: Land Acquisition in China: Corruption and Conflict. Geographical Research, 54(1), 86–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12158

Sööt, M.-L., & Rootalu, K. (2012). Institutional Trust and Opinions of Corruption. Public Administration and Development, 32(1), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.616

Soper, D. (2007). ICT Investment Impacts on Future Levels of Democracy, Corruption, and E-Government Acceptance in Emerging Countries. AMCIS 2007 Proceedings, 227.

Soper, D. S., & Demirkan, H. (2012). How ICTs Affect Democracy and Corruption in Emerging Societies. IT Professional, 14(4), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2012.51

Søreide, Tina. (2006a). Corruption in international business transactions: The perspective of Norwegian firms. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (pp. 381–417). Edward Elgar.

Søreide, Tina. (2006b). Is it wrong to rank? A critical assessment of corruption indices [Working Paper]. Chr. Michelsen Institute. http://bora.cmi.no/dspace/handle/10202/51

Søreide, Tina. (2008). Beaten by Bribery: Why Not Blow the Whistle? Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE, 164(3), 407–428. https://doi.org/10.1628/093245608785363443

Søreide, Tina. (2009). Too risk averse to stay honest? International Review of Law and Economics, 29(4), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2009.03.001

Søreide, Tina. (2014). Drivers of corruption: A brief review [Working Paper]. World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=N1BVBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Soreide,+Tina.+2014.+Drivers+of+Corruption:+A+Limited+Review.+Working+paper&ots=NB3uXWJXph&sig=jYscrzwZ5yJCb5E2fwu26CDErKk

Søreide, Tina. (2016). Corruption and Criminal Justice. Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781784715977.xml

604 

 

Søreide, Tina, Gröning, L., & Wandall, R. H. (2015). An Efficient Anticorruption Sanctions Regime? The Case of the World Bank. The Case of the World Bank (March 3, 2015). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2602839

Søreide, Tina, & Makinwa, A. (2020). Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases: A Principled Approach. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Søreide, Tina, & Rose-Ackerman, S. (2018). Corruption in state administration. Research Handbook on Corporate Crime and Financial Misdealing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781783474462/9781783474462.00015.xml

Søreide, Tina, & Truex, R. (2013). Multi-stakeholder Groups for Better Sector Performance: A Key to Fighting Corruption in Natural-Resource Governance? Development Policy Review, 31(2), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12003

Søreide, Tina, & Vagle, K. (2020). Prosecutors discretionary authority in efficient law enforcement systems. Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00015.xml

Søreide, Tine. (2013). Democracy’s shortcomings in anti-corruption. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-Corruption Policy: Can International Actors Play a Constructive Role? (pp. 129–150). Carolina Academic Press. http://www.cmi.no/publications/file/4678-democracys-shortcomings-in-anti-corruption.pdf

Sorensen, J. (2012). Ideals without illusions: Corruption and the future of a democratic North Africa.(Front Lines: Human Rights in the Middle East and North Africa). Northwestern University Journal of International Human Rights, 10(4), 202–211.

Sørensen, J., & Magnussen, L. (2020). Whistleblowing in Norwegian Municipalities—Can Offers of Reward Influence Employees’ Willingness and Motivation to Report Wrongdoings? Sustainability, 12(8), 3479. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083479

Sosa, L. A. (2004). Wages and Other Determinants of Corruption. Review of Development Economics, 8(4), 597–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2004.00255.x

Soseco, T. (2012). Corruption Pattern In Indonesia: A Geographical Analysis. JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v5i2.3905

Sotande, E. (2018). The regime against money laundering: A call for scientific modelling. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 21(4), 584–593. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-11-2017-0066

Sotande, E. (2019). Impediments affecting the curbing of illicit financial flows of organised crime in developing economies. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 5–21.

605 

 

https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2017-0108

Soumaila, I. (2017). The Determinants Of Investment Efficiency In West African Economic And Monetary Union (Waemu). The Journal of Developing Areas, 51(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2017.0003

Sovacool, B. K. (2016). Countering a corrupt oil boom: Energy justice, Natural Resource Funds, and São Tomé e Príncipe’s Oil Revenue Management Law. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 196–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.09.015

Sovacool, B. K., & Andrews, N. (2015). Does transparency matter? Evaluating the governance impacts of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in Azerbaijan and Liberia. Resources Policy, 45, 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.04.003

Sovacool, B., Walter, G., van, de G., & Andrews, N. (2016). Energy Governance, Transnational Rules, and the Resource Curse: Exploring the Effectiveness of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). World Development; World Dev., 83(Journal Article), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.01.021

Soysa, I., & Almas, S. (2019). Does Ethnolinguistic Diversity Preclude Good Governance? A Comparative Study with Alternative Data, 1990-2015. KYKLOS, 72(4), 604–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12210

Spagnolo, G. (2004). Divide et impera: Optimal leniency programs (CEPR Discussion Papers 4840). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=716143

Spahn, E. (2009a). Discovering Secrets: Act of State Defenses to Bribery Cases. Hofstra Law Review, 38, 163.

Spahn, E. (2009b). International Bribery: The Moral Imperialism Critiques. Minn. J. Int’l L., 18, 155.

Spahn, E. (2010). Nobody Gets Hurt? Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41, 861.

Spahn, E. (2011). Local Law Provisions Under the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2145542

Spahn, E. K. (2012). Multijurisdictional Bribery Law Enforcement: The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. Va. J. Int’l L., 53, 1.

Spalding, A. (2017). Restoring pre-existing compliance through FCPA Pilot Program. The University of Toledo Law Review, 48(3), 550.

Spalding, A. B. (2009). Unwitting sanctions: Understanding anti-bribery legislation as economic sanctions against emerging markets. Available at SSRN 1429207. http://papers.ssrn.com/soL3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1429207

606 

 

Spalding, A. B. (2011). The Irony of International Business Law: US Progressivism, China’s New Laissez Faire, and Their Impact in the Developing World. UCLA Law Review, 59. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1795563

Spalding, A. B. (2012). Four Uncharterered Corners of Anti-Corruption Law: In Search of Remedies to the Sanctioning Effecgt. Wis. L. Rev., 661.

Spalding, A. B. (2013). Corruption, corporations, and the new Human Right. Wash. UL Rev., 91, 1365.

Spalding, A. B. (2014). Restorative Justice for Multinational Corporations [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2403930

Spalding, A., & Murray, M. (2015). Freedom from Official Corruption as a Human Right. Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/research/freedom-from-official-corruption-as-a-human-right/

Sparling, R. A. (2018). Impartiality and the Definition of Corruption. Political Studies, 66(2), 376–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321717722360

Sparrow, M. K. (1996). License to steal: Why fraud plagues America’s health care system. Westview Press Boulder, CO. https://www.ncjrs.gov/app/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails.aspx?id=178189

Sparrow, M. K. (2008). The Character of Harms: Operational Challenges in Control. Cambridge University Press.

Spatafora, N., & Luca, O. (2012). Capital Inflows, Financial Development, and Domestic Investment; Determinants and Inter-Relationships (No. 12/120; IMF Working Papers). International Monetary Fund. https://ideas.repec.org/p/imf/imfwpa/12-120.html

Speck, B. W. (2011). Auditing lnstitutions. In T. Power & M. Taylor (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Brazil: The Struggle for Accountability (pp. 229–264). University of Notre Dame Press. http://www.academia.edu/download/35047927/2011_C_SPECK_Auditing_institutions_p127.pdf

Spector, Bertram I. (2016). The benefits of anti-corruption programming: Implications for low to lower middle income countries. Crime, Law & Social Change, 65(4–5), 423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9606-x

Spector, Bertram I., Johnston, M., & Dininio, P. (2005). Learning across cases: Trends in anticorruption strategies. In Fighting Corruption in Developing Countries: Strategies and Analysis. Bloomfield, Connecticut: Kumarian.

Spector, Bertram Irwin. (2005). Fighting corruption in developing countries: Strategies and

607 

 

analysis. Kumarian Press Bloomfield, CT. http://negotiations.org/Fighting.pdf

Spence, M. J. (2005). American Prosecutors as Democracy Promoters: Prosecuting Corrupt Foreign Officials in US Courts. Yale Law Journal, 1185–1192.

Spencer, J., & Gomez, C. (2011). MNEs and corruption: The impact of national institutions and subsidiary strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 32(3), 280–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.874

Spiekermann, U. (2018). Cleaning San Francisco, cleaning the United States: The graft prosecutions of 1906–1909 and their nationwide consequences. Business History, 60(3), 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2017.1369963

Spinesi, L. (2009). Rent-seeking bureaucracies, inequality, and growth. Journal of Development Economics, 90(2), 244–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.09.009

Spinney, L. (2011). The underhand ape: Why we are all corrupt. New Scientist, 212(2837), 42–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(11)62736-X

Sporkin, S. (1997). The Worldwide Banning of Schmiergeld: A Look at the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on its Twentieth Birthday. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, 18(2), 269–281.

Srivastava, S. C., Teo, T., & Devaraj, S. (2016). You Can’t Bribe a Computer: Dealing with the Societal Challenge of Corruption Through ICT. Mis Quarterly; MIS Q., 40(2), 511-+.

Stacchezzini, R., Rossignoli, F., & Corbella, S. (2020). Corporate governance in practice: The role of practitioners’ understanding in implementing compliance programs. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 33(4), 887–911. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-08-2016-2685

Stajkovic, A. D., & Luthans, F. (1997). Business ethics across cultures: A social cognitive model. Journal of World Business, 32(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-9516(97)90023-7

Standaert, S. (2015). Divining the level of corruption: A Bayesian state-space approach. Journal of Comparative Economics, 43(3), 782–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.05.007

Standaert, S., & Rayp, G. (2016). Multilateral trade agreements in Africa: Exploring the role of rent-seeking behavior. Economics of Governance, 17(1), 11–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-015-0167-8

Stanig, P. (2015). Regulation of Speech and Media Coverage of Corruption: An Empirical Analysis of the Mexican Press. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 175–193. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12110

608 

 

Stansbury, J., Barry, B., & Philosophy Documentation Center. (2007). Ethics Programs and The Paradox of Control: Business Ethics Quarterly, 17(2), 239–261. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq200717229

Stansbury, J. M., & Victor, B. (2009). Whistle-Blowing Among Young Employees: A Life-Course Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(3), 281–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9770-8

Stapenhurst, F., Jacobs, K., & Pelizzo, R. (2014). Corruption and Legislatures: Meso-Level Solutions for a Macro-Level Problem. Public Integrity, 16(3), 285–304. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922160304

Stapenhurst, F., Karakas, F., Sarigöllü, E., Jo, M.-S., & Draman, R. (2017). The supply and demand sides of corruption: Canadian extractive companies in Africa. Canadian Foreign Policy = La Politique Etrangere Du Canada, 23(1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2016.1250655

Stapenhurst, F., Staddon, A., Draman, R., & Imbeau, L. (2018). Parliamentary oversight and corruption in the Caribbean: Comparing Trinidad & Tobago and Grenada. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2018.1444933

Stapenhurst, Rick. (2000). The media’s role in curbing corruption [Working Paper]. World Bank Institute Washington. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/10/27/000094946_00101305481312/additional/016824232_200210329034146.pdf

Stapenhurst, Rick, & Kpundeh, S. J. (1999). Curbing corruption: Toward a model for building national integrity. World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=eLh72ZUQcssC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Stapenhurst,+Rick+%26+Sahr+J.+Kpundeh+eds.+1999.+Curbing+Corruption:+Toward+a+Model+for+Building+National+Integrity+&ots=h6tRuVNs2g&sig=cm8RkZl4f9u6WC2bdyMhhojxIzc

Stapenhurst, Rick*Titsworth. (2002). Features and functions of supreme audit institutions (No. 24812; pp. 1–4). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/293831468003328721/Features-and-functions-of-supreme-audit-institutions

Stapley, L. (2003). An Exploration of the Dynamics of the ‘Corrupter’ and the ‘Corrupted’: Developing Cutting Edge Practices to Prevent Seduction. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 377–402). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0015

609 

 

Stark, A. (2003). Conflict of interest in American public life. Harvard University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=CxjXZkCRAMoC&oi=fnd&pg=PP15&dq=Stark,+Andrew.+2000.+Conflict+of+Interest+in+American+Public+Life+&ots=ThD4epQha_&sig=CCTqxZJL2KTYdTOzU-tO2EJtn9E

Starke, C., Naab, T. K., & Scherer, H. (2016). Free to Expose Corruption: The Impact of Media Freedom, Internet Access and Governmental Online Service Delivery on Corruption. International Journal of Communication, 10(0), 21.

Starr, S. (2007). Extraordinary crimes at ordinary times: International justice beyond crisis situations. Northwestern University Law Review, 101, 1257.

Stead, D. (2015). What does the quality of governance imply for urban prosperity? Habitat International, 45, 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.014

Steele, G. (2017). The Criminal Code’s Procurement Crimes: Underused Tools in Canada’s Anti-Corruption Effort. Criminal Law Quarterly, 65(1 2), 229.

Stefes, C. H. (2006). Centralized and Decentralized Systemic Corruption: Assessing the Consequences. In Understanding Post-Soviet Transitions (pp. 118–152). Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230287464_6

Stefes, C. H. (2007). Measuring, conceptualizing, and fighting systemic corruption: Evidence from post-soviet countries. Perspectives on Global Issues, 2(1), 1–16.

Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Gift Giving, Bribery and Corruption: Ethical Management of Business Relationships in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 20(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005960026519

Stein, A. (2012). Corrupt intentions: Bribery, unlawful gratuity, and honest-services fraud. Law and Contemporary Problems, 75. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1981754

Stein, E. A., & Kellam, M. (2014). Programming Presidential Agendas: Partisan and Media Environments That Lead Presidents to Fight Crime and Corruption. Political Communication, 31(1), 25–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2012.762075

Steiner, A., & Petrak-Jones, K. (2018). Corruption in an Anticorruption State?: East Germany under Communist Rule. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-21

Steinitz, M., & Gowder, P. A. (2014). Corruption and the Transnational Litigation Prisoner’s Dilemma. U Iowa Legal Studies Research Paper, 14–19.

610 

 

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2476386

Stel, N., & Naudé, W. (2016). ‘Public–Private Entanglement’: Entrepreneurship in Lebanon’s Hybrid Political Order. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(2), 254–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1081173

Stensöta, H., Wängnerud, L., & Svensson, R. (2015). Gender and Corruption: The Mediating Power of Institutional Logics: Gender and Corruption. Governance, 28(4), 475–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12120

Stephan, P. B. (1999). Rationality and Corruption in the Post-Socialist World. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.169212

Stephan, P. B. (2012). Regulatory Competition and Anticorruption Law. Va. J. Int’l L., 53, 53.

Stephen Lewandowski, Ahlam Abuawad, Omokhoya Abatu, & Luis E Segura. (2020). The Global Corruption–Health Nexus. American Journal of Public Health (1971), 110(9), 1254–1254. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305855

Stephenson, K., Gray, L., & Power, R. (2011). Barriers to Asset Recovery: An Analysis of the Key Barriers and Recommendations for Action. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8660-6

Stephenson, M. C. (2015). Corruption and democratic institutions: A review and synthesis. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes, Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State (pp. 92–133). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781784714697.00010.xml

Stephenson, M. C. (2016). Standing Doctrine and Anticorruption Litigation: A Survey. Open Society Foundations.

Stephenson, M. C. (2018). Beware blowback: How attempts to strengthen FCPA deterrence could narrow the statute’s scope. Research Handbook on Corporate Crime and Financial Misdealing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781783474462/9781783474462.00014.xml

Stepurko, T., Pavlova, M., Gryga, I., & Groot, W. (2010). Empirical studies on informal patient payments for health care services: A systematic and critical review of research methods and instruments. BMC Health Services Research, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-273

Stessens, G. (2001). The international fight against corruption’: General report. Revue internationale de droit pénal, 72(3), 891. https://doi.org/10.3917/ridp.723.0891

Stevens, P. (2003). Resource impact: Curse or blessing? A literature survey. Journal of Energy Literature, 9(1), 3–42.

611 

 

Stevenson, D. D., & Wagoner, N. J. (2011). FCPA Sanctions: Too Big to Debar? SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1811126

Steves, F., & Rousso, A. (2003). Anti-corruption programmes in post-communist transition countries and changes in the business environment, 1999-2002 (EBRD Working Paper No. 85). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=478821

Stevulak, C., & Brown, M. P. (2011). Activating Public Sector Ethics in Transitional Societies: The Promise of Integrity. Public Integrity, 13(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922130201

Stewart, C. (2012). The FCPA Is Just as Relevant and Necessary Today as Thirty-Five Years ago. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1039.

Stinson, P. M., Liederbach, J., Brewer, S. L., Schmalzried, H. D., Mathna, B. E., & Long, K. L. (2013). A study of drug‐related police corruption arrests. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 36(3), 491–511. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-06-2012-0051

Stober, E. O. (2019). Nigeria’s Corruption Score Card. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 7(2), 165. https://doi.org/10.25019/MDKE/7.2.03

Stockemer, D., LaMontagne, B., & Scruggs, L. (2013). Bribes and ballots: The impact of corruption on voter turnout in democracies. International Political Science Review, 34(1), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512111419824

Stockemer, Daniel. (2011). Women’s Parliamentary Representation in Africa: The Impact of Democracy and Corruption on the Number of Female Deputies in National Parliaments. Political Studies, 59(3), 693–712. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00897.x

Stockemer, Daniel. (2013). Corruption and Turnout in Presidential Elections: A Macro-Level Quantitative Analysis: Stockemer / Corruption and Turnout in Presidential Elections. Politics & Policy, 41(2), 189–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12012

Stockemer, Daniel, & Calca, P. (2013). Corruption and turnout in Portugal: A municipal level study. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(5), 535–548. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1007/s10611-013-9481-7

Stockemer, Daniel, & Sundström, A. (2013). Corruption and citizens’ satisfaction with democracy in Europe: What is the empirical linkage? Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(S1), 137–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0168-3

Stockemer, Daniel, & Sundström, A. (2019). Corruption and women in cabinets: Informal barriers to recruitment in the executive. Governance, 32(1), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12352

612 

 

Stoerk, T. (2016). Statistical corruption in Beijing’s air quality data has likely ended in 2012. Atmospheric Environment, 127, 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.055

Stokes, S. C. (2005). Perverse Accountability: A Formal Model of Machine Politics with Evidence from Argentina. American Political Science Review, 99(03), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055405051683

Stolen Assets Recovery Initiative, Habershon, A., & Trapnell, S. (2012). Public Office, Private Interests: Accountability through Income and Asset Disclosure. World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=NdLzBwDqeLkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Stolen+Assets+Recovery+Initiative.+2012.+Public+Office,+Private+Interests:+Accountability+through+Income+and+Asset+Disclosure&ots=vvgotF7e_z&sig=69h9uyAEnplTfe6Ehc2z5cHCBSA

Stolenberg, C. D. (2000). Globalization, Asian Values, and Economic Reform: The Impact of Tradition and Change on Ethical Values in Chinese Business. Cornell International Law Journal, 33, 711.

Stone, B. (2015). Accountability and the design of an anticorruption agency in a parliamentary democracy. Policy Studies, 36(2), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2014.1000844

Strader, J. K. (2016). Skilling Reconsidered: The Legislative-Judicial Dynamic, Honest Services, Fraud, and the Ill-Conceived" Clean Up Government Act". Fordham Urban Law Journal, 39(2), 309.

Stratmann, T. & others. (2003). Do strict electoral campaign finance rules limit corruption? CESifo DICE Report, 1(2003), 24–27.

Straub, S. (2004). Corruption and product market competition (ESE Discussion Papers 131). University of Edinburgh. http://www.econ.ed.ac.uk/papers/id131_esedps.pdf

Straub, S. (2008). Opportunism, corruption and the multinational firm’s mode of entry. Journal of International Economics, 74(2), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2007.08.001

Straub, S. (2009). Regulatory Intervention, Corruption and Competition. Review of Industrial Organization, 35(1–2), 123–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-009-9218-z

Straub, S. (2015). The story of Paraguayan dams: The long-term consequences of wrongdoing in procurement. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes, Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State (pp. 161–179). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781784714697.00013.xml

613 

 

Strauss, D. A. (1994). Corruption, Equality, and Campaign Finance Reform. Columbia Law Review, 94(4), 1369. https://doi.org/10.2307/1123287

Strauss, E. N. (2013). Easing Out the FCPA Facilitation Payment Exception. Boston University Law Review, 93, 235.

Stremlau, N., Fantini, E., & Gagliardone, I. (2015). Patronage, politics and performance: Radio call-in programmes and the myth of accountability. Third World Quarterly, 36(8), 1510–1526. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1048797

Strîmbu, O., & González, P. (2018). Does transparency reduce political corruption? Journal of Public Economic Theory, 20(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12265

Stringhini, S., Thomas, S., Bidwell, P., Mtui, T., & Mwisongo, A. (2009). Understanding informal payments in health care: Motivation of health workers in Tanzania. Human Resources for Health, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-7-53

Strömberg, D. (2001). Mass media and public policy. European Economic Review, 45(4–6), 652–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00106-4

Stromberg, D. (2004). Radio’s Impact on Public Spending. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(1), 189–221. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355304772839560

Stromberg, David. (2004). Mass Media Competition, Political Competition, and Public Policy. Review of Economic Studies, 71(1), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00284

Strombom, D. (1998). Corruption in Procurement. Economic Perspectives, 3(5), 22–26.

Subedi, M. S. (2006). Corruption In Nepal: An Anthropological Inquiry. Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 1(0). https://doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v1i0.283

Suberu, R. T. (2009). The Travails of Nigeria’s Anti-Corruption Crusade. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 260–282). Brookings Institution Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8rRCB7qYuwMC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=%E2%80%9CThe+Travails+of+Nigeria%E2%80%99s+Anti-Corruption+Crusade%E2%80%9D,+in+Robert+I.+Rotberg,+ed.+Corruption,+Global+Security+and+World+Order+&ots=x2JM-X5re1&sig=T8VPClSeMG1PvTF3OScN0ljGfiU

Suberu, R. T. (2018). Strategies for Advancing Anticorruption Reform in Nigeria. Daedalus, 147(3), 184–201. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00510

Subramaniam, Y. (2018). The environmental Kuznets curve in the presence of corruption in developing countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1473-9

Suhardiman, D., & Mollinga, P. P. (2017). Institutionalized corruption in Indonesian irrigation:

614 

 

An analysis of the upeti system. Development Policy Review, 35(s2), O140–O159. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12276

Sui, B., Feng, G.-F., & Chang, C.-P. (2018). The pioneer evidence of contagious corruption. Quality & Quantity, 52(2), 945–968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0497-4

Suk Kim, P., & Yun, T. (2017). Strengthening Public Service Ethics in Government: The South Korean Experience. Public Integrity, 19(6), 607–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1302278

Sukhanov, V. A. (2020). Corruption in Government as a Global Problem. Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta, 4(31), 212–218.

Sukhtankar, S. (2012). Sweetening the Deal? Political Connections and Sugar Mills in India. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 4(3), 43–63. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.3.43

Sukhtankar, S. (2015). The Impact of Corruption on Consumer Markets: Evidence from the Allocation of Second-Generation Wireless Spectrum in India. The Journal of Law and Economics, 58(1), 75–109. https://doi.org/10.1086/682909

Sulaiman, C., Abdul-Rahim, A. S., Mohd-Shahwahid, H. O., & Chin, L. (2017). Wood fuel consumption, institutional quality, and forest degradation in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a dynamic panel framework. Ecological Indicators, 74, 414–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.11.045

Sulemana, I. (2015). Do perceptions about public corruption influence subjective well-being? Evidence from Africa. Subjective Well-Being: Psychological Predictors, Social Influences and Economical Aspects. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

Sulemana, I., Iddrisu, A. M., & Kyoore, J. E. (2017). A Micro-Level Study of the Relationship Between Experienced Corruption and Subjective Wellbeing in Africa. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(1), 138–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1187721

Sulemana, I., & Kpienbaareh, D. (2018). An empirical examination of the relationship between income inequality and corruption in Africa. Economic Analysis and Policy, 60, 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2018.09.003

Sulemana, I., & Kpienbaareh, D. (2020). Corruption and air pollution: A comparative study of African and OECD countries. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 13(12), 1421-. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00896-6

Sulhi Ridzuan, Tamat Sarmidi, & Abu Hassan Shaari Mohd Nor. (2014). Environmental Regulatory Stringency, Corruption, And FDI: New Evidence From A Panel Of Countries. Journal of Techno-Social, 6(2).

615 

 

https://doaj.org/article/2ac23857524c44eba10d462f32e6ee8d

Sullivan, B. (2013). Reformulating bribery: A legal critique of the Bribery Act 2010. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 13–38). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A011

Sullivan, J. D., & Shkolnikov, A. (2004). Combating corruption: Private sector perspectives and solutions. CIPE Economic Reform Issue Paper, 0409.

Sullivan, J. D., Wilson, A., & Nadgrodkiewicz, A. (2013). The Role of Corporate Governance in Fighting Corruption [CIPE Economic Reform Issue Paper].

Šumah, Š., & Mahić, E. (2016). The Relationship Between Public Enterprises and the Local Community in View of Corruption Risks. International Public Administration Review, 14(1), pp-157.

Šuman, Š., & Mahič, E. (2016). The Taxonomy of Corruption on the relation of Public corporation-Local community. TEM Journal, 5(2), 226–230. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM52-16

Summerfield, J. (2009). The Corruption Defense in Investment Disputes: A Discussion of the Imbalance between International Discourse and Arbitral Decisions. Transnational Dispute Management, 6(1). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1658601

Sumpf, D. (2015). A Review of the Relationship Between Corruption and Social Justice (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2744590). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2744590

Sun, X., Zhu, J., & Wu, Y. (2014). Organizational Clientelism: An Analysis of Private Entrepreneurs in Chinese Local Legislatures. Journal of East Asian Studies, 14(01), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800009565

Sun, Y. (1999). Reform, State, and Corruption: Is Corruption Less Destructive in China than in Russia? Comparative Politics, 32(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/422430

Sun, Y. (2001). The Politics of Conceptualizing Corruption in Reform China. Crime, Law and Social Change, 35(3), 245–270. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011220810892

Sun, Y. (2004). Corruption and market in contemporary China. Cornell University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Lq2YAdMWbGcC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Sun,+Yan.+2004.+Corruption+and+Market+in+Contemporary+China&ots=yWmjWfC8Mm&sig=M2tJQbOCHaLeJiYLV47wkiJLrHE

Sun, Y. (2009). Cadre recruitment and corruption: What goes wrong? In T. Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing Corruption in Asia: Institutional Design and Policy Capacity. Routledge. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10611-007-9091-3

616 

 

Sun, Y., & Johnston, M. (2009). Does Democracy Check Corruption? Insights from China and India. Comparative Politics, 42(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041509X12911362972719

Sun, Y., & Yuan, B. (2017). Does Xi Jinping’s Anticorruption Campaign Improve Regime Legitimacy? Modern China Studies, 24(2), 14–34.

Sundaram, J. K. (2009). Good Governance, Anti-Corruption, and Economic Development. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 457–468). Brookings Institution Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8rRCB7qYuwMC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=%E2%80%9CGood+Governance,+Anti-Corruption,+and+Economic+Development%E2%80%9D,+in+Robert+I.+Rotberg,+ed.+Corruption,+Global+Security+and+World+Order+&ots=x2JM-X5xc1&sig=qEvJwUSwjNboQaDlK2cczCkHoI4

Sundell, A. (2012a). Legalize it: An argument for formalizing petty corruption when state capacity is low (QoG Working Paper Series 2012:2). http://swepub.kb.se/bib/swepub:oai:services.scigloo.org:161124?tab2=abs&language=en

Sundell, A. (2012b). What is the best way to recruit public servants? QoG Working Paper Series, 2012(7), 7.

Sundell, A. (2013). Nepotism in the Swedish Central Public Administration 1790-1925. APSA 2013 Annual Meeting Paper. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2303435

Sundell, A. (2014a). Nepotism And Meritocracy. QoG Working Paper Series, 2014(16), 16.

Sundell, A. (2014b). Are Formal Civil Service Examinations the Most Meritocratic Way to Recruit Civil Servants? Not in All Countries. Public Administration, 92(2), 440–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12077

Sundell, A. (2014c). Understanding Informal Payments in the Public Sector: Theory and Evidence from Nineteenth-century Sweden. Scandinavian Political Studies, 37(2), 95–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12015

Sundell, A. (2015). Public Administration and Corruption – How To Get the Institutions That Work. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/38877

Sundell, A. (2016). Anti-corruption reform – evolution or big bang? https://eba.se/en/rapporter/anti-corruption-reform-evolution-or-big-bang/5020/

Sundet, G. (2007). Public expenditure tracking surveys: Lessons from Tanzania. U4 Brief, 14. http://www.cmi.no/publications/file/2812-publicexpenditure-tracking-surveys.pdf

Sundet, G. (2008). Following the money: Do public expenditure tracking surveys matter? Chr.

617 

 

Michelsen institute (CMI). U4 Anti-corruption resource centre.

Sundström, A. (2012). Corruption and regulatory compliance: Experimental findings from South African small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy, 36(6), 1255–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.03.013

Sundström, A. (2013). Corruption in the commons: Why bribery hampers enforcement of environmental regulations in South African fisheries. International Journal of the Commons, 7(2), 454. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.370

Sundström, A. (2015). Covenants with broken swords: Corruption and law enforcement in governance of the commons. Global Environmental Change, 31, 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.02.002

Sundström, A. (2016a). Corruption and Violations of Conservation Rules: A Survey Experiment with Resource Users. World Development, 85(Journal Article), 73.

Sundström, A. (2016b). Violence and the Costs of Honesty: Rethinking Bureaucrats’ Choice To Take Bribes. Public Administration, 94(3), 593–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12242

Sundström, A. (2016c). Understanding illegality and corruption in forest governance. Journal of Environmental Management, 181, 779–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.020

Sundström, A. (2017). Exploring Performance-Related Pay as an Anticorruption Tool. Studies in Comparative International Development, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-017-9251-0

Sundström, A., & Stockemer, D. (2015). Regional variation in voter turnout in Europe: The impact of corruption perceptions. Electoral Studies, 40, 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.08.006

Sundstrom, A., & Wangnerud, L. (2016). Corruption as an obstacle to women’s political representation: Evidence from local councils in 18 European countries. Party Politics, 22(3), 354–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068814549339

Sung, H. (2006). From Victims to Saviors? Women, Power, and Corruption. Current History, 105(689), 139.

Sung, H.-E. (2003). Fairer Sex or Fairer System? Gender and Corruption Revisited. Social Forces, 82(2), 703–723. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2004.0028

Sung, H.-E. (2004). Democracy and political corruption: A cross-national comparison. Crime, Law and Social Change, 41(2), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000016225.75792.02

618 

 

Sung, Hung-En. (2002). A Convergence Approach to the Analysis of Political Corruption: A Cross-National Study. Crime, Law and Social Change, 38(2), 137–160. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020239413622

Sung, Hung-En. (2006). Between demand and supply: Bribery in international trade. Crime, Law and Social Change, 44(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-006-9011-y

Sung, Hung-En. (2009). Transnational Corruption in Weapons Procurement in East Asia: A Case Analysis. Sociological Focus, 42(3), 254–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2009.10571356

Sung, Hung-En. (2012). Women in government, public corruption, and liberal democracy: A panel analysis. Crime, Law and Social Change, 58(3), 195–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-012-9381-2

Sung, Hung-En, & Chu, D. (2003). Does participation in the global economy reduce political corruption? An empirical inquiry. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sNJpLAYATVUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA235&dq=Does+Participation+in+the+World+Economy+Reduce+Political+Corruption%3F+An+Empirical+Inquiry.+International+Journal+of+Comparative+Criminology&ots=VFvf-F0-4x&sig=zXLJLzG33VJ0V1KssfXNJMBPzeE

Sunkanmi, O. A., & Isola, A. L. (2014). Corruption and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(6), 45-56–56.

Sunstein, C. R. (1997). Bad Incentives and Bad Institutions. Geo. LJ, 86, 2267.

Suphachalasai, S. (2005). Bureaucratic corruption and mass media (Environmental Economy and Policy Research Discussion Paper 05.2005). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=722403

Suri, K. C., Elliott, C., Hundt, D., & Manor, J. (2016). India’s States: The Struggle to Govern. Studies in Indian Politics, 4(1), 8–21.

Suriya, K., & Pruekreedee, S. (2014). Bounded rational corruption model. The Empirical Econometrics and Quantitative Economics Letters, 3(1). http://www.jyoungeconomist.com/images/stories/EEQEL_V3_N1_March_2014_pp_001_010_Komsan_Sumate_II.pdf

Surjadinata, K. U. (1998). Revisiting corrupt practices from a market perspective. Emory Int’l L. Rev., 12, 1021.

Suryadarma, D. (2012). How corruption diminishes the effectiveness of public spending on education in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 48(1), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2012.654485

619 

 

Susewind, R. (2015). Spatial Segregation, Real Estate Markets and the Political Economy of Corruption in Lucknow, India. Journal of South Asian Development, 10(3), 267–291. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973174115602168

Sutherland, E. (2014). Corruption and internet governance. Info, 16(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/info-05-2013-0027

Sutherland, E. (2015). Bribery and corruption in telecommunications – the Kingdom of Morocco. Info, 17(2), 16–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/info-11-2014-0048

Sutrisno, A. (2020). Corrupt at All Levels?: Indonesian Higher Education and the Problem of Corruption. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 132–137). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000024.xml

Suyadi, S. (2019). Integration of Anti-Corruption Education (PAK) In Islamic Religious Education (PAI) With Neuroscience Approach (Multi-Case Study in Brain Friendly PAUD: I Sleman Kindergarten Yogyakarta). Inferensi Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 12(2), 307–330. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v12i2.307-330

Suzuki, T. (2018). Corruption, interest rates and business cycles: Comparison of emerging economies. Economic Change and Restructuring, 51(4), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-017-9206-5

Svallfors, S. (2013). Government quality, egalitarianism, and attitudes to taxes and social spending: A European comparison. European Political Science Review, 5(03), 363–380. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175577391200015X

Svensson, J. (2003). Who Must Pay Bribes and How Much? Evidence from a Cross Section of Firms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 207–230. https://doi.org/10.1162/00335530360535180

Svensson, Jakob. (2000). Foreign aid and rent-seeking. Journal of International Economics, 51(2), 437–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(99)00014-8

Svensson, Jakob. (2005). Eight Questions about Corruption. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(3), 19–42. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533005774357860

Sviderskyi, O., & Lubentsov, A. (2020). The Impact of Corruption on the Development of Legal and Economic Systems of State. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 6(1), 125–129. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-1-125-129

Swaidan, Z. (2012). Culture and Consumer Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(2), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1070-z

Swaleheen, M. (2008). Corruption and Saving in a Panel of Countries. Journal of Macroeconomics, 30(3), 1285–1301.

620 

 

Swaleheen, M. (2011). Economic growth with endogenous corruption: An empirical study. Public Choice, 146(1–2), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9581-1

Swaleheen, M., & Allen, M. T. (2020). The efficacy of multilateral anti-bribery convention with national government enforcement. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(3), 885–895. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2020-0015

Swaleheen, M., Ben Ali, M. S., & Temimi, A. (2019). Corruption and public spending on education and health. Applied Economics Letters, 26(4), 321–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1468549

Swaleheen, M. us. (2007). Corruption and Investment Choices: A Panel Data Study. Kyklos, 60(4), 601–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2007.00387.x

Swamy, A., Knack, S., Lee, Y., & Azfar, O. (2001). Gender and corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 64(1), 25–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00123-1

Swanson, T. (2006). Greasing the Wheels: British Deficiencies in Relation to American Clarity in International Anti-Corporation Law. Ga. J. Int’l & Comp. L., 35, 397.

Syfert, S. D. (1998). Captialism or Corruption-Corporate Structure, Western Investment and Commercial Crime in the Russian Federation. NYL Sch. J. Int’l & Comp. L., 18, 357.

Sylvia, C., & Stabile, E. (2016). Rethinking compliance: The role of whistleblowers.(Twenty-Eighth Annual Corporate Law Center Symposium: Rethinking Compliance). University of Cincinnati Law Review, 84(2), 474.

Szanto, Z. (1999). Principals, agents, and clients: Review of the modern concept of corruption. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 12(4), 629–632.

Szarek-Mason, P. (2014). OLAF: The anti-corruption policy within the European Union. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud, Corruption and Conflicts of Interest (pp. 288–302). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781781009345.00028.xml

Szeftel, M. (1998). Misunderstanding African politics: Corruption &amp; the governance agenda. Review of African Political Economy, 25(76), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056249808704311

Szeftel, M. (2000a). Between Governance & Under-Development: Accumulation & Africa’s ‘Catastrophic Corruption.’ Review of African Political Economy, 27(84), 287–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240008704460

Szeftel, M. (2000b). Clientalism, Corruption and Catastrophe. Review of African Political Economy, 27(85), 427–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240008704476

Szeidl, A., & Szucs, F. (2021). Media Capture Through Favor Exchange. Econometrica, 89(1),

621 

 

281–310. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA15641

Szende, A., & Culyer, A. J. (2006). The inequity of informal payments for health care: The case of Hungary. Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 75(3), 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.04.001

Szucs, F. (n.d.). Discretion and Corruption in Public Procurement.

Tabish, S. Z. S., & Jha, K. N. (2011). Analyses and evaluation of irregularities in public procurement in India. Construction Management and Economics, 29(3), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2010.549138

Tabish, S. Z. S., & Jha, K. N. (2012). The impact of anti-corruption strategies on corruption free performance in public construction projects. Construction Management and Economics, 30(1), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2011.654128

Tacconi, L., & Williams, D. A. (2020). Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Environmental and Resource Management. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 45(1), 305–329. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083949

Tahoun, A. (2014). The role of stock ownership by US members of Congress on the market for political favors. Journal of Financial Economics, 111(1), 86–110.

Tajaddini, R., & Gholipour, H. F. (2018). Control of Corruption and Luxury Goods Consumption. KYKLOS, 71(4), 613–641. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12188

Takyi-Asiedu, S. (1993). Some socio-cultural factors retarding entrepreneurial activity in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(93)90013-U

Talukdar, M., Al-Amin, M. I. A., & Hossain, M. Z. (2016). Corruption and Citizen Economic Capacity: The Equation. Management Research & Practice, 8(2). http://mrp.ase.ro/no82/f4.pdf

Tamashasky, E. J. (2004). Lewis Carroll Offense: The Ever-Changing Meaning of Corruptly within the Federal Criminal Law, The. J. Legis., 31, 129.

Tambulasi, R. I. C. (2009). The public sector corruption and organised crime nexus: The case of the fertiliser subsidy programme in Malawi. African Security Review, 18(4), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2009.9627555

Tamirisa, N., & Wei, S.-J. (2000). Bribery in Trade: Liberalizing Grease or Non-tariff Barrier? [Working Paper].

Tamm, I., Lucky, C., & Humphreys, S. (2005). Legal remedies for the resource curse: A digest of experience in using law to combat natural resource corruption. Open Society Institute.

622 

 

http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/25698

Tan, J. (2009). Institutional Structure and Firm Social Performance in Transitional Economies: Evidence of Multinational Corporations in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 86(2), 171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0193-y

Tan, X., Liu, L., Huang, Z., Zhao, X., & Zheng, W. (2016). The Dampening Effect of Social Dominance Orientation on Awareness of Corruption: Moral Outrage as a Mediator. Social Indicators Research, 125(1), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0838-9

Tan, X., Liu, L., Huang, Z., Zheng, W., & Liang, Y. (2016). The Effects of General System Justification on Corruption Perception and Intent. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4960914/

Tan, X., Liu, L., Zheng, W., & Huang, Z. (2016). Effects of social dominance orientation and right‐wing authoritarianism on corrupt intention: The role of moral outrage. International Journal of Psychology, 51(3), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12148

Tanaka, Z. (2006). The End of the Conservative/Reformist Era and the Emergence of Corruption Politics. In Junʼichi Kawata (Ed.), Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 115–132). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=X3Tb0Glw3G0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=The+End+of+the+Conservative/Reformist+Era+and+the+Emergence+of+Corruption+Politics%E2%80%9D,+in+Juichi+Kawata+ed.,+Comparing+Political+Corruption+and+Clientalism&ots=-YDuoGwxIR&sig=SmJRtoirPbiaSjq-KYHa6RtFwSg

Tandoc, E. (2013). FYI on FOI: Exploring the effects of Freedom of Information (FOI) laws around the world. https://www.academia.edu/4224706/FYI_on_FOI_Exploring_the_effects_of_Freedom_of_Information_FOI_laws_around_the_world

Tang, L., Cao, C., Lien, D., & Liu, X. (2020). The Effects of Anti-corruption Campaign on Research Grant Reimbursement: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from China. Science and Engineering Ethics, 26(6), 3415–3436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-020-00265-7

Tang, T. L.-P., & Chiu, R. K. (2003). Income, Money Ethic, Pay Satisfaction, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior: Is the Love of Money the Root of Evil for Hong Kong Employees? Journal of Business Ethics, 46(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024731611490

Tang, Zhe. (2020). Political connection and corporate innovation: Evidence from China. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 10(3), 127–152.

Tang, Zhenya, Chen, L., Zhou, Z., Warkentin, M., & Gillenson, M. L. (2019). The effects of social media use on control of corruption and moderating role of cultural tightness-looseness. Government Information Quarterly.

623 

 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.001

Tangri, R. (2001). Corruption and cronyism in Uganda’s privatization in the 1990s. African Affairs, 100(398), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.398.117

Tangri, Roger, & Mwenda, A. M. (2003). Military Corruption and Ugandan Politics Since the Late 1990s. Review of African Political Economy, 30(98), 539–552. https://doi.org/10.1080/02

Tangri, Roger, & Mwenda, A. M. (2006). Politics, donors and the ineffectiveness of anti-corruption institutions in Uganda. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 44(01), 101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X05001436

Tankebe, J., & Asif, M. (2016). Police Legitimacy and Support for Vigilante Violence in Pakistan. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 40(4), 295–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2016.1217425

Tannenbaum, B. M. (2012). Reframing the Right: Using Theories of Intangible Property to Target Honest Services Fraud After Skilling. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1987736

Tansung, C. (2014). The Legal Regulations for the Prevention of Corruption of Civil Servants in Turkey and the Council of Ethics for Public Service. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 167–182). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4JrqAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=%E2%80%9CThe+Legal+Regulations+for+the+Prevention+of+Corruption+of+Civil+Servants+in+Turkey+and+the+Council+of+Ethics+for+Public+Service%E2%80%9D&ots=HU1G5nSU1k&sig=5i_bSHoJ29C3t6TohO0o3JyCONs

Tantardini, M., & Garcia-Zamor, J.-C. (2015). Organizational Social Capital and Anticorruption Policies: An Exploratory Analysis. Public Organization Review, 15(4), 599–609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-014-0294-7

Tanzi, V. (1995). Corruption, governmental activities, and markets. Finance and Development, 32(4), 24.

Tanzi, V. (1998). Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures. Staff Papers - International Monetary Fund, 45(4), 559. https://doi.org/10.2307/3867585

Tanzi, V. (2000). Policies, institutions and the dark side of economics. Edward Elgar Publishing. http://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/elgeebook/1398.htm

Tanzi, V., & Davoodi, H. (1998). Corruption, public investment, and growth. In The Welfare State, Public Investment, and Growth (pp. 41–60). Springer.

624 

 

http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-4-431-67939-4_4

Tänzler, D., Maras, K., & Giannakopoulos, A. (2012). The German myth of a corruption-free modern country. In The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (pp. 87–106). Ashgate. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HxWgCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA87&dq=%E2%80%9CThe+German+Myth+of+a+Corruption-Free+Modern+Country%E2%80%9D,+in+Dirk+Tanzler,+Konstadinos+Maras+%26+Angelos+Giannakopoulos+eds.,+The+Social+Construction+of+Corruption+in+Europe+&ots=nMrwTovwRY&sig=LeONM3LiuBPSXMjDyJAmEekgOd4

Tänzler, D., Maras, K., Giannakopoulos, A., & Rogowski, R. (2012). The Social Construction of Corruption: Theoretical Reflections. In The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (pp. 13–32). Ashgate. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HxWgCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA87&dq=%E2%80%9CThe+German+Myth+of+a+Corruption-Free+Modern+Country%E2%80%9D,+in+Dirk+Tanzler,+Konstadinos+Maras+%26+Angelos+Giannakopoulos+eds.,+The+Social+Construction+of+Corruption+in+Europe+&ots=nMrwTovwRY&sig=LeONM3LiuBPSXMjDyJAmEekgOd4

Tao, Y. (2020). China’s anti-corruption campaign and bank loan loss provisions: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. Economics Letters, 109505-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109505

Tarasenko, F. P. (2019). On Leverage Points for Curbing Corruption. Cybernetics and Systems, 50(6), 556–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2019.1630568

Tarhan, S. (2008). Public Investment and Corruption in an Endogenous Growth Model [Working Paper]. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34205/

Tarkowski, J. (1989). Old and New Patterns of Corruption in Poland and the USSR. Telos, 1989(80), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.3817/0689080051

Tarullo, D. (2003). The Limits of Institutional Design: Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. Virginia Journal of International Law, 44, 665.

Tarullo, D. K., Dickerson, C. M., Paul, J., & Rose-Ackerman, S. (2000). Political Corruption as an International Offense. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 56–59. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25659357

Tarun, R. W., & Tomczak, P. P. (2010). Proposal for a United States Department of Justice Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Leniency Policy, A. Am. Crim. L. Rev., 47, 153.

Tarverdi, Y. (2018). Aspects of Governance and CO2 Emissions: A Non-linear Panel Data Analysis. Environmental and Resource Economics, 69(1), 167–194.

625 

 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-016-0071-x

Tatar, M., Ozgen, H., Sahin, B., Belli, P., & Berman, P. (2007). Informal payments in the health sector: A case study from Turkey. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 26(4), 1029–1039. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.26.4.1029

Tate, W. (2018). Paramilitary politics and corruption talk in Colombia. Culture, Theory and Critique, 59(4), 419–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2018.1522596

Taube, M. (2013). Relational corruption in the PR China. Institutional foundations and its (Dys)-functionality for economic development and growth. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(S1), 89–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0158-5

Tavares, J. (2003). Does foreign aid corrupt? Economics Letters, 79(1), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(02)00293-8

Tavares, S. C. (2007). Do rapid political and trade liberalizations increase corruption? European Journal of Political Economy, 23(4), 1053–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.06.002

Tavits, M. (2008). Representation, Corruption, and Subjective Well-Being. Comparative Political Studies, 41(12), 1607–1630. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414007308537

Tavits, M. (2010). Why Do People Engage in Corruption? The Case of Estonia. Social Forces, 88(3), 1257–1279. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0288

Tavits, Margit. (2007). Clarity of Responsibility and Corruption. American Journal of Political Science, 51(1), 218–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00246.x

Tavits, Margit, & Potter, J. D. (2012). Electoral institutions and corruption in campaign finance. Working paper (Department of Political Science, University of Washington in St. Louis, and College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Louisiana State University).

Taylor, A. J., & Cobb, M. D. (2020). The Individual-Level Origins of Congressional Corruption Scandals. American Politics Research, 48(4), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X19850093

Taylor, C. (2018). Corruption and Anticorruption in Democratic Athens. In R. Kroeze, A. Vitória, & M. Geltner (Eds.), Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-2

Taylor, C. O. (2008). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A Primer. International Trade Law Journal, 17, 3–13.

626 

 

Taylor, J. (2019). What causes employees to whistle while they work? Factors affecting internal whistle‐blowing in the Australian Public Service. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 78(4), 497–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12401

Taylor, J. D. (2000). Ambiguities in the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Unnecessary costs of fighting corruption. La. L. Rev., 61, 861.

Taylor, M. M. (2009). Corruption, accountability reforms, and democracy in Brazil. In C. H. Blake & S. D. Morris (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (pp. 150–168). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Taylor, M. M. (2017). Corruption and Accountability in Brazil. In P. R. Kingstone & T. J. Power (Eds.), Democratic Brazil Divided (pp. 77–96). University of Pittsburgh Press; JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1x76g7g.8

Taylor, M. M. (2018). Getting to Accountability: A Framework for Planning & Implementing Anticorruption Strategies. Daedalus, 147(3), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00503

Taylor, S. D. (2006). Divergent politico-legal responses to past presidential corruption in Zambia and Kenya: Catching the ‘big fish’, or letting him off the hook? Third World Quarterly, 27(2), 281–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590500432325

Taylor, V. (2002). Anti-corruption and Asian legal professions. In Corruption in Asia. Rethinking the governance paradigm (pp. 37–49). Federation Press1.

Teachout, Z. (2009). The Anti-Corruption Principle. Cornell Law Review, 94(341). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=1353203

Teachout, Z. (2014). Corruption in America: From Benjamin Franklin’s Snuff Box to Citizens United. Harvard University Press. http://www.degruyter.com/view/books/harvard.9780674736221/harvard.9780674736221/harvard.9780674736221.xml

Teachout, Z. (2018). The Problem of Monopolies & Corporate Public Corruption. Daedalus, 147(3), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00514

Tedds, L., & Giles, D. E. A. (2005). Response to Breusch’s Critique. Canadian Tax Journal, 53(2), 393–395.

Teets, J. C., & Chenowerth, E. (2009). To Bribe or To Bomb: Do Corruption and Terrorism Go Together? In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 167–193). Brookings Institution Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8rRCB7qYuwMC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=To+Bribe+or+To+Bomb:+Do+Corruption+and+Terrorism+Go+Together%3F%E2%8

627 

 

0%9D,+in+Robert+I.+Rotberg,+ed.+Corruption,+Global+Security+and+World+Order+&ots=x2JM-X8od1&sig=6sO0ivAFPoRkm-ssmkZVmy7HPLo

Teichmann, F., Falker, M.-C., & Sergi, B. S. (2020a). Extractive industries, corruption and potential solutions. The case of Ukraine. Resources Policy, 69, 101844-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101844

Teichmann, F., Falker, M.-C., & Sergi, B. S. (2020b). Gaming Environmental Governance? Bribery, Abuse of Subsidies, and Corruption in European Union Programs. Energy Research & Social Science, 66, 101481-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101481

Teichmann, F. M. J. (2018). Anti-bribery compliance incentives. Journal of Financial Crime, 25(4), 1105–1110. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-09-2017-0081

Teichmann, F. M. J. (2019a). An agency theory approach towards bribery. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 27(2), 160–168. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-03-2018-0041

Teichmann, F. M. J. (2019b). Methods of bribery in multinational corporations. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(4), 1078–1084. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-05-2018-0049

Teixeira, A. A. C., & Grande, M. (2012). Entry-mode-choices-of-MNCs-and-host-countries’-corruption-A-review—African. African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 6(27), 7942–7958.

Teixeira, A. A. C., & Guimarães, L. (2015). Corruption and FDI: Does the Use of Distinct Proxies for Corruption Matter? Journal of African Business, 16(1–2), 159–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2015.1027881

Tekin-Koru, Ayça. (2006). Corruption and the ownership composition of the multinational firm at the time of entry: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30(2), 251–269.

Tekin-Koru, Ayca. (2012). Cross-border M&As vs. Greenfield Investments: Does Corruption Make a Difference? (No. 42857; MPRA Paper). University Library of Munich, Germany. https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/42857.html

Tekin-Koru, Ayça. (2017). Multinationals and Corruption: Business as Usual? In B. J. Christensen & C. Kowalczyk (Eds.), Globalization: Strategies and Effects (pp. 147–182). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49502-5_7

Teksoz, S. U. (2006). Corruption and foreign direct investment: An empirical analysis [Working Paper]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.202.6545&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Tellez, J. F., Wibbels, E., & Krishna, A. (2020). Local Order, Policing, and Bribes: Evidence

628 

 

from India. World Politics, 72(3), 377–410. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887120000064

Temchenko, E. (2018). A First Amendment Right to Corrupt Your Politician. Cornell Law Review, 103(2), 465–500.

Tenbrunsel, A. E. (1998). Misrepresentation and Expectations of Misrepresentation in an Ethical Dilemma: The Role of Incentives and Temptation. Academy of Management Journal, 41(3), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.2307/256911

Tenbrunsel, AE, & Smith-Crowe, K. (2008). Ethical Decision Making: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going. Academy Of Management Annals, 2, 545–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520802211677

Tenbrunsel, Ann E., & Messick, D. M. (1999). Sanctioning Systems, Decision Frames, and Cooperation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(4), 684–707.

Tenbrunsel, Ann, & Messick, D. (2004). Ethical Fading: The Role of Self-Deception in Unethical Behavior. Social Justice Research, 17(2), 223–236. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SORE.0000027411.35832.53

Tenbrunsel, Ann, Smith-Crowe, K., & Umphress, E. (2003). Building Houses on Rocks: The Role of the Ethical Infrastructure in Organizations. Social Justice Research, 16(3), 285–307. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025992813613

Teorell, J. (2007). Corruption as an Institution: Rethinking the Origins of the Grabbing Hand (2007:5; QoG Working Paper Series). The Quality of Government Institute, University of Gothenburg.

Teorell, J., & Rothstein, B. (2015). Getting to Sweden, Part I : War and Malfeasance, 1720-1850. Scandinavian Political Studies, 38(3), 217–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12048

Termini, R. B. (2017). Enforcement – Corporate Officer Liability – it is not a Walk in the Park and the The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Application. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 8(2), 77–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphs.12174

Testa, C. (2010). Bicameralism and corruption. European Economic Review, 54(2), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.04.010

Tetreault, D., & Mcculligh, C. (2018). Water Grabbing via Institutionalised Corruption in Zacatecas, Mexico. Water Alternatives-An Interdisciplinary Journal On Water Politics And Devel, 11(3), 572–591.

Thach, N. N., & Ngoc, B. H. (2021). Impact of Economic Freedom on Corruption Revisited in ASEAN Countries: A Bayesian Hierarchical Mixed-Effects Analysis. Economies, 9(1), 3-. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9010003

629 

 

Thachil, T., & Teitelbaum, E. (2015). Ethnic Parties and Public Spending. 48(11), 1389–1420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414015576743

Thachuk, K. (2005). Corruption and International Security. SAIS Review, 25(1), 143–152.

Thacker, S. C. (n.d.). Democracy, Economic Policy, and Political Corruption in Comparative Perspective. In Charles H. Blake & Stephen D. Morris (Ed.), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (pp. 25–45).

Thái, P., Giao, V., & Đức, N. (2020). The Court System in the Fight against Corruption in Vietnam: Traditional Problems and New Challenges from Free Trade Agreements. Journal of Vietnamese Studies, 15(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.1525/vs.2020.15.1.77

Thakur, B. P. S., & Kannadhasan, M. (2019). Corruption and cash holdings: Evidence from emerging market economies. Emerging Markets Review, 38, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2018.11.008

Thaler, J., & Helmig, B. (2016). Do Codes of Conduct and Ethical Leadership Influence Public Employees’ Attitudes and Behaviours? An experimental analysis. Public Management Review, 18(9), 1365–1399. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1103890

Thampi, Gopakumar & Sita Sekhar. (2006). Citizen Report Cards. In C. J. G. (Charles J. G. ) Sampford (Ed.), Measuring corruption (pp. 233–250). Ashgate.

Thede, S., & Gustafson, N.-Å. (2012). The Multifaceted Impact of Corruption on International Trade. The World Economy, 35(5), 651–666. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2012.01436.x

Thelin, J. (2019). An Embarrassment of Riches: Admission and Ambition in American Higher Education. Society, 56(4), 329–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-019-00376-3

Themudo, N. S. (2014). Government Size, Nonprofit Sector Strength, and Corruption A Cross-National Examination. American Review of Public Administration, 44(3), 309–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074012465791

Themudo, Nuno S. (2013). Reassessing the Impact of Civil Society: Nonprofit Sector, Press Freedom, and Corruption. Governance, 26(1), 63–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2012.01602.x

Theobald, R. (1990). Corruption, development, and underdevelopment. Macmillan.

Theobald, R. (1994). Lancing the Swollen African State: Will It Alleviate the Problem of Corruption? The Journal of Modern African Studies, 32(4), 701–706.

Theobald, R. (1997). Can debt be used to combat political corruption in Africa? Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3), 299–314. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008284819112

630 

 

Theobald, R. (1999). So what really is the problem about corruption? Third World Quarterly, 20(3), 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599913640

Thi Hoa, T. (2020). The effects of corruption on the human capital accumulation process: Evidence from Vietnam. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 28(1), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12229

Thiessen, U. (2010). The Shadow Economy in International Comparison: Options for Economic Policy Derived from an OECD Panel Analysis. International Economic Journal, 24(4), 481–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2010.525986

Thomas, Chantal. (1999). Does the “good governance policy” of the international financial institutions privilege markets at the expense of democracy? Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 551–562.

Thomas, Cortney. (2010). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A Decade of Rapid Expansion Explained, Defended, and Justified*. The Review of Litigation, 29(2), 439–470.

Thomas, M. A. (2010). What do the Worldwide Governance Indicators measure? The European Journal of Development Research : Journal of the European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes EADI, 22(1), 31–54.

Thomas, M. A., & Meagher, P. (2004). A Corruption Primer: An Overview of Concepts in the Corruption Literature (Discussion Paper No. 04/03). IRIS.

Thompson, A. K. (2013). Does Anti-Corruption Legislation Work? International Trade and Business Law Review, 16, 99–135.

Thompson, D. (2005). Two concepts of corruption: Making campaigns safe for democracy. George Washington Law Review, 73(5–6), 1036–1069.

Thompson, D. F. (1993). Mediated corruption: The case of the Keating five. (Charles Keating, Jr.). American Political Science Review, 87(2), 369.

Thompson, D. F. (Dennis F. (1995). Ethics in Congress: From individual to institutional corruption. Brookings Institutions.

Thompson, G., Staddon, A., & Stapenhurst, R. (2018). Motivation of Legislators and Political Will. Public Integrity, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1511669

Thompson, L. D. (2014). In-sourcing corporate responsibility for enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. (Reducing Corporate Criminality: Evaluating Department of Justice Policy on the Prosecution of Business Organizations and Options for Reform). American Criminal Law Review, 51(1), 199.

Thompson, M. (2016). The Specter of Neo-Authoritarianism in the Philippines. Current History,

631 

 

115(782), 220–225.

Thompson, M. R. (2016a). Southeast Asia’s Subversive Voters: A Philippine Perspective. Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints, 64(2), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1353/phs.2016.0018

Thompson, M. R. (2016b). The Moral Economy of Electoralism and the Rise of Populism in the Philippines and Thailand. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(3), 246–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X16652028

Thompson, R., & Xavier, A. (2003). Unofficial payments for acute state hospital care in Kazakhstan. A model of physician behaviour with price discrimination and vertical service differentiation. 224.

Thompson, S. C. (2015). The application of honest services fraud to international commercial bribery. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 47(3), 685–718.

Thornton, J. (2008). Corruption and the Composition of Tax Revenue in Middle East and African Economies. South African Journal of Economics, 76(2), 316–320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2008.00176.x

Thornton, M. (2002). Corruption and Foreign Aid [Working paper]. https://mises.org/library/corruption-and-foreign-aid

Thoumi, F. E. (1987). Some Implications of the Growth of the Underground Economy in Colombia. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 29(2), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.2307/166072

Tian, P. (2015). A tale of two systems. Nature, 520(7549), S28–S30.

Tian, Q. (2008). Perception of Business Bribery in China: The Impact of Moral Philosophy. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(3), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9429-x

Tian, X., & Lo, V. I. (2009). Conviction and Punishment: Free Press and Competitive Election as Deterrents to Corruption. Public Management Review, 11(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030802685479

Tian, X., Ruan, W., & Xiang, E. (2017). Open for innovation or bribery to secure bank finance in an emerging economy: A model and some evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 142, 226–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.08.002

Tidey, S. (2018). A Tale of Two Mayors: Configurations of Care and Corruption in Eastern Indonesian Direct District Head Elections. Current Anthropology, 59(S18), S117–S127. https://doi.org/10.1086/696072

Tieguhong, J. C., Ingram, V., Mala, W. A., Ndoye, O., & Grouwels, S. (2015). How governance

632 

 

impacts non-timber forest product value chains in Cameroon. Forest Policy & Economics, 61(Journal Article), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.08.003

Tierney, W. G., & Sabharwal, N. S. (2017). Academic corruption: Culture and trust in Indian higher education. International Journal of Educational Development, 55, 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.05.003

Tignor, R. L. (1993). Political Corruption in Nigeria Before Independence. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 31(2), 175–202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00011897

Tillipman, J. (2012). House of Cards Falls: Why Too Big to Debar Is All Slogan and Little Substance, A. Fordham Law Review Res Gestae, 80, 49–58.

Timamy, M. H. K. (2005). African Leaders and Corruption. Review of African Political Economy, 32(104–105), 383–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240500329270

Timmons, J. F., & Garfias, F. (2015). Revealed Corruption, Taxation, and Fiscal Accountability: Evidence from Brazil. World Development, 70(Journal Article), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.12.011

Timofeyev, Y. (2014). Analysis of predictors of organizational losses due to occupational corruption. International Business Review, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.11.007

Ting, M. M. (2008). Whistleblowing. American Political Science Review, 102(2), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080192

Tirole, J. (1986). Hierarchies and Bureaucracies: On the Role of Collusion in Organizations. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 2(2), 181–214.

Tirole, J. (1996). A Theory of Collective Reputations (with Applications to the Persistence of Corruption and to Firm Quality). The Review of Economic Studies, 63(1), 1–22.

Tiwari, A. K. (2012). Corruption, democracy and bureaucracy. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 9(574)(9(574)), 17–28.

Tiwari, M., Gepp, A., & Kumar, K. (2020). A review of money laundering literature: The state of research in key areas. Pacific Accounting Review, 32(2), 271–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-06-2019-0065

Tkachenko, A., Yakovlev, A., & Kuznetsova, A. (2017). ‘Sweet deals’: State-owned enterprises, corruption and repeated contracts in public procurement. Economic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2016.12.002

Tkalec, M. (2020). History matters: Development and institutional persistence of the Habsburg Military Frontier in Croatia. Public Sector Economics, 44(1), 117–145.

633 

 

https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.44.1.4

To, P. X., Mahanty, S., & Dressler, W. (2014). Social Networks of Corruption in the Vietnamese and Lao Cross-Border Timber Trade. Anthropological Forum, Journal Article, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2014.893505

Toader, T., Onofrei, M., Popescu, A.-I., & Andrieș, A. M. (2017). Corruption and Banking Stability: Evidence from Emerging Economies. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2017.1411257

Toatu, T. (2004). Corruption, public investment and economic growth: Evidence from Pacific Island countries [Working Paper]. University of South Pacific.

Toatu, Teuea. (2002). Unravelling the Pacific Paradox [Working Paper]. https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/40327

Tobolowsky, Z. (2016). Brazil Finally Cleans Up Its Act With The Clean Company Act: The Story Of A Nation’s Long-Overdue Fight Against Corruption. Law and Business Review of the Americas, 22(4), 383–413.

Todorović, Z., Tomaš, D., & Todorović, B. (2020). Company anti-bribery management system. STED Journal, 2(2), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.7251/STED0220056T

Toeba, T. (2018). Corruption in Public Procurement in Lesotho. Law and Development Review, 11(2), 397–431. https://doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0025

Toha, R. (2019). Power Broking in the Shade: Party Finances and Money Politics in Southeast Asia. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 41(2), 320–322. https://doi.org/10.1355/cs41-2o

Toma, R. (2015). Twenty-Five Years After the Fall of Communism: The Cultural Peculiarities of Fighting Corruption and Building Civil Society in Romania.(Report). 9(11), 951.

Tomasic, R. (2018). Global corporations, bribery and corrupt practices: Anti-bribery laws and the limits of state action. Law and Financial Markets Review, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2018.1435459

Tomaszewksa, E., & Shah, A. (2000). Phantom Hospitals, Ghost Schools and Roads to Nowhere: The Impact of Corruption on Public Service Delivery Performance in Developing Countries [Working paper]. World Bank.

Tomini Sonila & Maarse Hans. (2011). How do patient characteristics influence informal payments for inpatient and outpatient health care in Albania: Results of logit and OLS models using Albanian LSMS 2005. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 375. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-375

Tomo, A., De Nito, E., Canonico, P., Mangia, G., & Consiglio, S. (2020). Stories of grey zone

634 

 

between corruption and whistleblowing: Insights from the Italian public administration. Meditari Accountancy Research, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1037–1058. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-11-2018-0405

Tomo, A., Todisco, L., & Mangia, G. (2019). Contextual and individual characteristics effects on students’ corruption perception and behaviours in higher education. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 35(1), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-06-2018-0070

Tomsa, D. (2015). Local politics and corruption in Indonesia’s outer islands. Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia and Oceania, 171(2–3), 196.

Tong, T., Singh, T., & Li, B. (2018). Country-level macro-corporate governance and the outward foreign direct investment. International Journal of Social Economics, 45(1), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2016-0243

TONHÄUSER, V., & STAVENES, T. (2020). Why change party finance transparency? Political competition and evidence from the ‘deviant’ case of Norway. European Journal of Political Research, 59(3), 578–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12369

Tonoyan, Vartuhi. (2003). Corruption and Entrepreneurship: Does Trust Matter?

Tonoyan, Vartuhi. (2005). The dark side of trust: Corruption and entrepreneurship: A cross-national comparison between emerging and mature market economies. In H.-H. Hohmann & F. Welter (Eds.), Trust and Entrepreneurship: A West-East-Perspective (pp. 39–58). Edward Elgar.

Tonoyan, Vartuhi, Perlitz, M., & Wittmann, W. W. (2004). Corruption and Entrepreneurship: Unwritten Codes of Conduct, Trust and Social Values, East-West Comparison. In Frontiers of entrepreneurship research: Proceedings of the ... Annual Entrepreneurship Research Conference. (pp. 534–548). http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ejournals:sfx991042741315990

Tonoyan, Vartuhí, Strohmeyer, R., Habib, M., & Perlitz, M. (2010). Corruption and Entrepreneurship: How Formal and Informal Institutions Shape Small Firm Behavior in Transition and Mature Market Economies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(5), 803–831. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00394.x

Torenvlied, R., & Klein Haarhuis, C. M. (2008). Polarization and Policy Reform: Anti-Corruption Policymaking in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Peace Research, 45(2).

Torgler, B. (2003). Tax Morale, Rule-Governed Behaviour and Trust. Constitutional Political Economy, 14(2), 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023643622283

Torgler, B. (2004). Tax Morale, Trust and Corruption: Empirical Evidence from Transition Countries [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc].

635 

 

Torgler, B., Demir, I. C., Macintyre, A., & Schaffner, M. (2008). Causes and Consequences of Tax Morale: An Empirical Investigation. Economic Analysis and Policy, 38(2), 313–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(08)50023-3

Torgler, B., & Piatti, M. (2013). Extraordinary Wealth, Globalization, and Corruption. Review of Income and Wealth, 59(2), 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12027

Torgler, B., & Schneider, F. (2009). The impact of tax morale and institutional quality on the shadow economy. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(2), 228–245.

Torgler, B., & Valev, N. (2006). Corruption and Age. Journal of Bioeconomics, 8(2), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10818-006-9003-0

Torgler, B., & Valev, N. T. (2010). Gender and Public Attitudes Toward Corruption and Tax Evasion. Contemporary Economic Policy, 28(4), 554–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2009.00188.x

Tornell, A., & Lane, P. (1999). The voracity effect. The American Economic Review, 89(1), 22–46.

Tornell, A., & Lane, P. R. (1998). Are windfalls a curse?: A non-representative agent model of the current account. Journal of International Economics, 44(1), 83–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(97)00016-0

Torres, P., & Godinho, P. (2019). Opportunity entrepreneurship, oil rents and control of corruption. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 13(5), 647–667. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-07-2019-0067

Torres-Fowler, R. Z. (2012). Undermining ICSID: How the Global Antibribery Regime Impairs Investor-State Arbitration. 52, 995–995.

Torres-Fowler, R. Z., & Anderson, K. (2011). The Bribery Act’s New Approach to Corporate Hospitality. Virginia Journal of International Law Digest, 52, 39–53.

Torrez, J. (2002). The effect of openness on corruption. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 11(4), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/0963819022000014267

Torsello, D. (2010). Corruption and the Economic Crisis: Empirical Indications from Eastern Europe. International Issues & Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs, 02, 65–75.

Torsello, D. (2011a). The Ethnography of Corruption: Research Themes in Political Anthropology (No. 2; QoG Working Paper Series). Quality of Government Institute, University of Gothenburg.

Torsello, D. (2011b). Environmental Activism, Corruption and Local Responses to the EU Enlargement: Case Studies from Eastern and Western Europe. Urbanities, 1(1), 54–59.

636 

 

Torsello, D. (2015). The Ethnographic Study of Corruption: Methodology and Research Focuses. In Paul M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 183–196). Routledge.

Torsello, D., & Venard, B. (2016). The Anthropology of Corruption. Journal of Management Inquiry, 25(1), 34–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492615579081

Torvik, R. (2002). Natural resources, rent seeking and welfare. Journal of Development Economics, 67(2), 455–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(01)00195-X

Tosun, M. U., Yurdakul, M. O., & Varol Iyidogan, P. (2014). The Relationship between Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Turkey: An Empirical Examination. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 42, 247–257.

Townsend, J. G., & Townsend, A. R. (2004). Accountability, motivation and practice: NGOs North and South. Social & Cultural Geography, 5(2), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360410001690259

Toye, J. & Mick Moore. (1998). Taxation, Corruption and Reform. The European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578819808426702

Tran, A. (2011). Which Regulations Reduce Corruption? Evidence from the Internal Records of a Bribe-Paying Firm [Working paper].

Tran, E. (2016). Endemic Corruption in the People’s Republic of China. San Diego International Law Journal, 17(2), 295–328.

Tran, H. S., Nguyen, T. L., & Nguyen, V. K. (2020). Corruption, nonperforming loans, and economic growth: International evidence. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1735691

Tran, N. A. (2010). Corruption, Political Systems and Human Development. In A. K. Rajivan & R. Gampat (Eds.), Perspectives on corruption and human development (pp. 268–320). Macmillan ; Published for United Nations Development Programme.

Tran, Q. T. (2020). Corruption, agency costs and dividend policy: International evidence. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 76, 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.09.010

Tran, T. T., Bevacqua, J., Nguyen, H. M., & Nguyen, H. T. (2018). The impact of public procurement rules and the administrative practices of public procurers on bid rigging: The case of Vietnam. Asia Pacific Law Review, 26(1), 36–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10192557.2018.1514183

Tran, V. T., Walle, Y. M., & Herwartz, H. (2020). The impact of local financial development on firm growth in Vietnam: Does the level of corruption matter? European Journal of

637 

 

Political Economy, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101858

Transparency International PNG. (2015). Public Opinion Survey in Five Provinces on Levels and Consequences of Corruption in Papua New Guinea and State and Society Response. http://www.transparencypng.org.pg/_images/news/120516-TIPNG_Public_Opinion_Survey_on_Levels_Consequences_of_Corruption__State__Society_Response.pdf

Trantidis, A., & Tsagkroni, V. (2017). Clientelism and corruption: Institutional adaptation of state capture strategies in view of resource scarcity in Greece. British Journal Of Politics & International Relations, 19(2), 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148117700658

Trapnell, S. E. (2015). User’s Guide—Measuring Corruption and Anticorruption. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/anti-corruption/user-s-guide---measuring-corruption-and-anticorruption.html

Trapnell, S., & Recanatini, F. (2017). Evidence, corruption, and reform: The importance of context-sensitivity. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(4), 477–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9697-z

Trautman, L. J. (2017). U.S. Entrepreneurial Risk in International Markets: Focus on Bribery and Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2912072). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2912072

Trautman, L. J., & Altenbaumer-Price, K. (2011). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Minefield or Directors. Virginia Law & Business Review, 6, 145–509.

Travaglino, G. A., Abrams, D., Randsley, de M., & Yetkili, O. (2016). Fewer but better: Proportionate size of the group affects evaluation of transgressive leaders. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(2), 318–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12125

Tréguer-Felten, G. (2017). The role of translation in the cross-cultural transferability of corporate codes of conduct. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management : CCM, 17(1), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595817694659

Treisman, D. (2000). The causes of corruption: A cross-national study. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 399–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00092-4

Treisman, D. (2006). Fiscal Decentralizatin, Governance, and Economic Performance: A Reconsideration. Economics & Politics, 18(2), 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2006.00169.x

Treisman, D. (2007). What Have We Learned about the Causes of Corruption from Ten Years of Cross-National Empirical Research? Annual Review of Political Science, 10, 211–244. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.081205.095418

638 

 

Treisman, D. (2015). What Does Cross-National Empirical Research Reveal About the Causes of Corruption? In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 95–109). Routledge.

Treviño, L. K. (2003). Managing ethics in business organizations: Social scientific perspectives. Stanford Business Books.

Treviño, L. K., & Weaver, G. R. (2001). Organizational Justice and Ethics Program “Follow-Through”: Influences on Employees’ Harmful and Helpful Behavior. Business Ethics Quarterly, 11(4), 651–671. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857765

Trevino, L. K., & Youngblood, S. A. (1990). Bad Apples in Bad Barrels: A Causal Analysis of Ethical Decision-Making Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(4), 378–385. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.4.378

Treviño, L., Weaver, G., Gibson, D., & Toffler, B. (1999). Managing Ethics and Legal Compliance: What Works And What Hurts. California Management Review, 41(2), 131.

Trevino, L., Weaver, G., & Reynolds, S. J. (2006). Behavioral ethics in organizations: A review. Journal Of Management, 32(6), 951–990. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306294258

Triandis, H. C., Carnevale, P., Gelfand, M., Robert, C., Wasti, S. A., Probst, T., Kashima, E. S., Dragonas, T., Chan, D., Chen, X. P., Kim, U., De Dreu, C. K. W., Van de Vliert, E., Iwao, S., Ohbuchi, K. I., & Scmitz, P. (2001). Culture and deception in business negotiations. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 1, 73–90.

Trivunovic, M. (2011). Countering NGO corruption: Rethinking the conventional approaches (No. 3; U4 Issue). CMI. http://www.u4.no/publications/countering-ngo-corruption-rethinking-the-conventional-approaches/

Trivunovic, M., Johnson, J., & Mathisen, H. (2011). Developing an NGO corruption risk management system: Considerations for donors (No. 9; U4 Issue). CMI. http://www.u4.no/publications/developing-an-ngo-corruption-risk-management-system-considerations-for-donors/

Trivunovic, M., Johnson, J., & Taxell, N. (2013). The role of civil society in the UNCAC review process: Moving beyond compliance? (No. 4; U4 Issue). CMI. http://www.u4.no/publications/the-role-of-civil-society-in-the-uncac-review-process-moving-beyond-compliance/

Triwibowo, S. (2020). Public Financial Management and Corruption in Indonesia: A Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 34(3), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.50719

639 

 

Tromme, Mat. (2019). Waging War Against Corruption in Developing Countries: How Asset Recovery Can be Compliant with the Rule of Law. Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 29(2), 165–233.

Tromme, Mathieu. (2016a). Corruption and corruption research in Vietnam—An overview. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4), 287–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9605-y

Tromme, Mathieu. (2016b). What next for anti- corruption research in Vietnam? Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 445–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9607-9

Tromme, Mathieu, & Otaola, M. A. L. (2014). Enrique Peña Nieto’s National Anti-Corruption Commission and the Challenges of Waging War against Corruption in Mexico. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, 30(2), 557–588.

Trongmateerut, P., & Sweeney, J. (2013). The Influence of Subjective Norms on Whistle-Blowing: A Cross-Cultural Investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), 437–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1270-1

Tronnes, R. (2000). Ensuring uniformity in the implementation of the 1997 OECD convention on combating bribery of foreign public officials in international business transactions. The George Washington Journal of International Law and Economics, 33(1), 97–130.

Trost, C., & Gash, A. L. (2008). Conflict of Interest and Public Life: Cross-National Perspectives.

Truex, R. (2011). Corruption, Attitudes, and Education: Survey Evidence from Nepal. World Development, 39(7), 1133–1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.11.003

Truex, R., & Søreide, T. (2011). Why Multi-Stakeholder Groups Succeed and Fail. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, Vol. II. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Truong, H. T. (2020). Corruption impacting regional economic growth: A dynamic panel data analysis for the case of Vietnam. Pacific Economic Review, 25(5), 601–619. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12339

Trzcinski, L. (Ed.). (2013). The Impact of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on Emerging Markets: Company Decision-Making in a Regulated World. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 45(4), 1201–1285.

Tsalikis, J., & Nwachukwu, O. (1991). A comparison of Nigerian to American views of bribery and extortion in international commerce. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(2), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383612

Tsanana, E., Chapsa, X., & Katrakilidis, C. (2016). Is growth corrupted or bureaucratic? Panel

640 

 

evidence from the enlarged EU. Applied Economics, Journal Article, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1136395

Tsaturyan, S., & Bryson, P. J. (2009). Corruption and development: The Armenian case. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 2(4), 356–371. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEPEE.2009.030937

Tsebelis, G. (2017). The time inconsistency of long constitutions: Evidence from the world. European Journal of Political Research, 56(4), 820–845. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12206

Tsebelis, G., & Nardi, D. (2016). A Long Constitution is a (Positively) Bad Constitution: Evidence from OECD Countries. British Journal of Political Science, 46(2), 457–478. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000441

Tseng, T.-Y., & Wu, T.-C. (2016). Influences of Corporate Governance on the Relationship between Corruption and Economic Growth—Developed Countries versus Emerging Countries. International Research Journal of Applied Finance, 7, 99–113. https://doi.org/10.0707/article-1

Tu, W., Yang, J., & Zheng, Y. (2020). Influence of individual values on attitudes toward corruption: What undermine formal anticorruption effectiveness. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 23(3), 264–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12402

Tuan Mansor, T. M., Mohamad Ariff, A., & Hashim, H. A. (2020). Whistleblowing by auditors: The role of professional commitment and independence commitment. Managerial Auditing Journal, 35(8), 1033–1055. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-11-2019-2484

Tudoroiu, T. (2014). Democracy and state capture in Moldova. Democratization, Journal Article, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2013.868438

Tulaeva, S. (2013, October 8). Forest auctions in Russia: How anti-corruption laws facilitate the development of corrupt practices. Environmental Crime and Corruption in Russia. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315887210-10

Tuliao, K. V., & Chen, C.-W. (2017). CEO duality and bribery: The roles of gender and national culture. Management Decision, 55(1), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-12-2015-0608

Tullock, G. (1996). Corruption Theory and Practice. Contemporary Economic Policy, 14(3), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00619.x

Tummala, K. K. (2009). Combating Corruption: Lessons out of India. International Public Management Review, 10(1), 34–58.

Tummala, Krishnak. (2002). Corruption in India: Control measures and consequences. Asian

641 

 

Journal of Political Science, 10(2), 43–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370208434210

Tunley, M., Button, M., Shepherd, D., & Blackbourn, D. (2018). Preventing occupational corruption: Utilising situational crime prevention techniques and theory to enhance organisational resilience. Security Journal, 31(1), 21–52. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-016-0087-5

Turk, M. (2013). A Political Economy Approach to Reforming the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 33(2), 325–391.

Turkhan, S. (2018). Psychological dimension of corruption. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 38(5–6), 484–508. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-10-2017-0133

Turner, S. (2007). Corruption Narratives and the Power of Concealment: The Case of Burundi’s Civil War. In M. Nuijten & G. Anders (Eds.), Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective (pp. 125–142). Ashgate.

Turner, W. (2009). The False Claims Act: How vigilantes find justice fighting government fraud and corruption. The University of the District of Columbia Law Review, 12(1), 115.

Tusalem, R. F. (2015). State Regulation of Religion and the Quality of Governance. Politics & Policy, 43(1), 94–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12108

Tushnet, M. (2020). Institutions protecting constitutional democracy: Some conceptual and methodological preliminaries. University of Toronto Law Journal, 70(2), 95–106. https://doi.org/10.3138/utlj.2019-05-27

Tuttle, H. (2017). Fighting Bribery And Corruption. Risk Management, 64(5), 36.

Tuyen, T., Huong, V., Tinh, D., & Hiep, T. (2016). Corruption, provincial institutions and manufacturing firm productivity: New evidence from a transitional economy. Estudios De Economia, 43(2), 199–215.

Tverdova, Y. V. (2011). See No Evil: Heterogeneity in Public Perceptions of Corruption. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 44(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423910001101

Tyburski, M. D. (2014). Curse or Cure? Migrant Remittances and Corruption. Journal of Politics, 76(3), 814–00824. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381614000279

Tyburski, M., Egan, P., & Schneider, A. (2020). Deep Determinants of Corruption? A Subnational Analysis of Resource Curse Dynamics in American States. Political Research Quarterly, 73(1), 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912919878264

Tyler, A. (2011). Enforcing enforcement: Is the OECD anti-bribery convention’s peer review

642 

 

effective? The George Washington International Law Review, 43(1), 137–173.

Tyler, T. R. (2018). Psychology and the deterrence of corporate crime. Research Handbook on Corporate Crime and Financial Misdealing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781783474462/9781783474462.00008.xml

Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2005). Can Businesses Effectively Regulate Employee Conduct? The Antecedents of Rule following in Work Settings. The Academy of Management Journal, 48(6), 1143–1158. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159734

Uberti, L. (2016). Can Institutional Reforms Reduce Corruption? Economic Theory and Patron-Client Politics in Developing Countries. Development and Change, 47(2), 317.

Uberti, L. J. (2016). The ’sociological turn in corruption studies: Why fighting graft in the developing world is often unnecessary, and sometimes counterproductive. Progress in Development Studies, 16(3), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993416641587

Uberti, Luca J. (2014). Is Separation of Powers a Remedy for the Resource Curse? Firm Licensing, Corruption and Mining Development in Post-War Kosovo. New Political Economy, 19(5), 695–722. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2013.849671

Uberti, Luca J. (2018). Corruption in transition economies: Socialist, Ottoman or structural? Economic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2018.05.001

Uberti, Luca J. (2020). Bribes, Rents and Industrial Firm Performance in Albania and Kosovo. Comparative Economic Studies, 62(2), 263–302. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41294-020-00112-5

Uberti, Luca J., Pugh, G., Lami, E., & Imami, D. (2019). Election cycles and mining-sector governance in post-conflict Kosovo. Post-Communist Economies, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2019.1578583

Ucar, E., & Staer, A. (2020). Local corruption and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Research, 116, 266–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.012

Uche, R. D. (2014). Students’ Perception of Corrupt Practices among Nigerian Universities Lecturers. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 66–69.

Uchendu, F. N., & Abolarin, T. O. (2015). Corrupt practices negatively influenced food security and live expectancy in developing countries. The Pan African Medical Journal, 20(Journal Article), 110. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2015.20.110.5311

Udin, M. B. (2014). Human Trafficking in South Asia: Issues of Corruption and Human Security. International Journal of Social Work & Human Services, 2(1), 18–27.

Udombana, N. J. (2003). Fighting Corruption Seriously? Africa’s Anti-Corruption Convention.

643 

 

Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law, 7, 447-.

Ufere, N., Gaskin, J., Perelli, S., Somers, A., & Boland, R. (2020). Why is bribery pervasive among firms in sub-Saharan African countries? Multi-industry empirical evidence of organizational isomorphism. Journal of Business Research, 108, 92–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.060

Ufere, N., Perelli, S., Boland, R., & Carlsson, B. (2012). Merchants of Corruption: How Entrepreneurs Manufacture and Supply Bribes. World Development, 40(12), 2440–2453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.025

Ugaddan, R., & Park, S. (2019). Do Trustful Leadership, Organizational Justice, and Motivation Influence Whistle-Blowing Intention? Evidence From Federal Employees. Public Personnel Management, 48(1), 56–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026018783009

Ugbomhe, U., Joseph, O., & Agweda, T. (2018). An Empirical Investigation of Factors Motivating Corruption in Nigeria: Evidence from selected Public Sector Organisations in Nigeria. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, 9(3), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.18843/ijcms/v9i3/05

Ugo, S. J. C. (2019). The Fall of the Alberto Fujimori Government: New Evidence and Interpretations. Latin American Perspectives, 46(5), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X19857170

Ugoani, J. N. N. (2016). Political Will and Anticorruption Crusade Management in Nigeria. Independent Journal of Management & Production, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v7i1.382

Ugol’nitskii, G., & Usov, A. (2014). Dynamic models of struggle against corruption in hierarchical management systems of exploitation of biological resources. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International, 53(6), 939–947. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064230714060112

Ugur, M. (2014). Corruption’s Direct Effects on Per-Capita Income Growth: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Economic Surveys, 28(3), 472–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12035

Ugur, M., & Dasgupta, N. (2011). Evidence on the Economic Growth Impacts of Corruption in Low-Income Countries and Beyond: A Systematic Review (Systematic Review No. 1914). University of London, EPPI-Centre.

Uhlenbruck, K., Rodriguez, P., Doh, J., & Eden, L. (2006). The Impact of Corruption on Entry Strategy: Evidence from Telecommunication Projects in Emerging Economies. Organization Science, 17(3), 402–414. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1060.0186

Ujhelyi, G. (2014). Civil Service Rules and Policy Choices: Evidence from US State

644 

 

Governments. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6(2), 338–380. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.6.2.338

Ukase, P., & Audu, B. (2015). The role of civil society in the fight against corruption in Nigeria’s fourth republic: Problems, prospects and the way forward.(Report). 11(2), 171.

Ul Haque, N., & Sahay, R. (1996). Corruption and the Rate of Temptation: Do Government Wage Cuts Close Budget Deficits? Costs of Corruption. Staff Papers - International Monetary Fund, 43(4), 754. https://doi.org/10.2307/3867368

Ullah, B. (n.d.). The Differential Effect of Corruption on Growth: Does Firm Origin Matter? Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2020.1785861

Ullah, B. (2019). Financial constraints, corruption, and SME growth in transition economies. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.05.009

Ullah, I., & Khan, M. A. (2017). Institutional quality and foreign direct investment inflows: Evidence from Asian countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 44(6), 1030–1050. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-10-2016-0215

Ulman, S.-R. (2013). Corruption and National Competitiveness in Different Stages of Country Development. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6, 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00127-5

Umam, A. K., Whitehouse, G., Head, B., & Adil Khan, M. (2018). Addressing Corruption in Post-Soeharto Indonesia: The Role of the Corruption Eradication Commission. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2018.1552983

Umar, B., Abu, M. M., & Mohammed, Z. (2020). Strategies for preventing illicit financial flows in developing countries. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(3), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-02-2020-0017

Umar Ibrahim, & Samsudin, R. S. (2017). Adoption of Forensic Accounting in Fraud Detection by Anti-Corruption Agency: A Conceptual Framework (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2919881). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2919881

Umek, L. (2014). An Application of Subgroup Discovery Algorithm on the Case of Decentralization and Quality of Governance in EU. Mednarodna Revija Za Javno Upravo, 12(4), 75–92.

Underkuffler, L. S. (2009). Defining Corruption: - Implications for Action. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, Global Security and World Order (pp. 27–46). Brookings Institution Press.

Underkuffler, L. S. (2013). Captured by evil: The idea of corruption in law. New Haven.

645 

 

UNDP Bratslava Regional Centre. (2011). Study on the Role of Social Media for Enhancing Public Transparency and Accountability in Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Emerging Models, Opportunities and Challenges. UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre.

Uneke, O. (2010). Corruption in Africa South of the Sahara: Bureaucratic facilitator or handicap to development? Journal of Pan African Studies, 3(6), 111–129.

Ungpakorn, J. G. (2002). From tragedy to comedy: Political reform in Thailand. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 32(2), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472330280000121

United Nations Development Program. (2014). Anti-corruption Strategies: Understanding what works, what doesn’t and why? United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/anti-corruption/Report.html

United Nations Development Programme. (2005). Institutional Arrangements to Combat Corruption—A Comparative Study [A Comparative Study]. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.asia-pacific.undp.org/content/rbap/en/home/library/democratic_governance/institutional-arrangements-to-combat-corruption.html

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. (2016). Measuring Corruption in Africa: The International Dimension Matters. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.

Unzicker, A. D. B. (2000). From corruption to cooperation: Globalization brings a multilateral agreement against foreign bribery. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 7(2), 655–686.

Uribe, C. (2014). The Dark Side of Social Capital Re-examined from a Policy Analysis Perspective: Networks of Trust and Corruption. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 175–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2012.741441

Urofsky, P. (2009). Recent Trends and Patterns in FCPA Enforcement. In White collar crime 2009 prosecutors and regulators speak (pp. 651-). http://hollis.harvard.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=HVD&afterPDS=true&docId=HVD_ALEPH014164955

Urofsky, P., & Moon, H. W. (2012). How Should We Measure the Effectiveness of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Don’t Break What Isn’t Broken-The Fallacies of Reform. Ohio St. LJ, 73, 1145.

Urra, F.-J. (2007). Assessing Corruption An analytical review of Corruption measurement and its problems: Perception, Error and Utility. http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/assessing-corruption-an-analytical-review-of-co

646 

 

rruption-measurement-and-its-problems-perception-error-and-utility/

Useche Arévalo, A. J., & Reyes, G. E. (2020). Corruption, competitiveness and economic growth: Evidence from Latin American and Caribbean countries 2004-2017. GCG: Revista de Globalización, Competitividad y Gobernabilidad, 14(1), 95–115. https://doi.org/10.3232/GCG.2020.V14.N1.05

Uslaner, E. M. (2005). Trust and Corruption. In J. Lambsdorff, M. Taube, & M. Schramm (Eds.), The new institutional economics of corruption (pp. 76–92). Routledge.

Uslaner, E. M. (2007). Inequality and Corruption. In A. Sen, G. Mavrotas, A. F. Shorrocks, & World Institute for Development Economics Research (Eds.), Advancing development: Core themes in global economics. Palgrave Macmillan in association with the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research.

Uslaner, E. M. (2008). Corruption, Inequality, and the Rule of Law: The Bulging Pocket Makes the Easy Life.

Uslaner, E. M. (2009). Corruption, Inequality, and Trust. In G. T. Svendsen & G. L. H. Svendsen (Eds.), Handbook on Social Capital. Edward Elgar.

Uslaner, E. M. (2010). Tax Evasion, Corruption, and the Social Contract in Transition. In J. Alm, J. Martinez-Vazquez, & B. Torgler (Eds.), Developing Alternative Frameworks for Explaining Tax Compliance (pp. 206–225). Routledge.

Uslaner, E. M. (2011). Corruption and Inequality. DICE Report, 9(2), 20–24.

Uslaner, E. M. (2015a). Counting the Cost of Corruption. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 199–211). Routledge.

Uslaner, E. M. (2015b). The Consequences of Corruption. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 199–211). Routledge.

Uslaner, E. M., & Badescu, G. (2004). Honesty, Trust, and Legal Norms in the Transition to Democracy: Why Bo Rothstein Is Better Able To Explain Sweden than Romania. In János Kornai, B. Rothstein, S. Rose-Ackerman, & Collegium Budapest (Eds.), Creating social trust in post-socialist transition (1st ed., pp. 31–53). Palgrave Macmillan.

Uslaner, E. M., & Rothstein, B. (2016). The Historical Roots of Corruption: State Building, Economic Inequality, and Mass Education. Comparative Politics, 48(2), 1.

Uzelac, O., Davidovic, M., & Mijatovic, M. D. (2020). Legal framework, political environment and economic freedom in central and Eastern Europe: Do they matter for economic growth? Post-Communist Economies, 32(6), 697–725. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722583

647 

 

Vachudova, M. (2009). Corruption and Compliance in the EU’s Post-Communist Members and Candidates. Jcms-Journal Of Common Market Studies, 47, 43–62.

Vadlamannati, K. C. (2015). Fighting corruption or elections? The politics of anti- corruption policies in India: A subnational study. Journal of Comparative Economics, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.01.002

Vadlamannati, K. C., & Cooray, A. (2017). Transparency Pays? Evaluating the Effects of the Freedom of Information Laws on Perceived Government Corruption. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(1), 116–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1178385

Vagliasindi, M. (2011). Public versus private governance and performance: Evidence from public utility service provision. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption: Vol. II. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Vaidya, S. (2005). Corruption in the media’s gaze. European Journal of Political Economy, 21(3), 667–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.03.001

Vaidya, S., & Gupta, R. (2016). Corruption Via Media Capture: The Effect of Competition: Effect of Media Competition on Corruption. Southern Economic Journal, 82(4), 1327–1348. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12105

Vaishnav, M. (2017). When crime pays: Money and muscle in Indian politics. Yale University Press.

Valasek, J. (2016). Dynamic reform of public institutions: A model of motivated agents and collective reputation (SP II 2015-303r; Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Economics of Change). Social Science Research Center Berlin (WZB). https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/wzbeoc/spii2015303r.html

Valentine, S., & Johnson, A. (2005). Codes of Ethics, Orientation Programs, and the Perceived Importance of Employee Incorruptibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 61(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-7057-x

Vamplew, W. (2018). Tanking, Shirking, and Running Dead: The Role of Economics and Large Data Sets in Identifying Competition Corruption and its Causes. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2018.1485652

van Aaken, A., Feld, L. P., & Voigt, S. (2010). Do Independent Prosecutors Deter Political Corruption? An Empirical Evaluation across Seventy-eight Countries. American Law and Economics Review, 12(1), 204–244. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahq002

Van Aaken, A., Salzberger, E., & Voigt, S. (2004). The Prosecution of Public Figures and the Separation of Powers. Confusion within the Executive Branch – A Conceptual Framework. Constitutional Political Economy, 15(3), 261–280.

648 

 

https://doi.org/10.1023/B:COPE.0000040432.45537.3f

Van Alstine, M. P. (2012). Treaty Double Jeopardy: The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the FCPA. Ohio St. LJ, 73, 1321.

van Biezen, I., & Kopecky, P. (2007). The State and the Parties: Public Funding, Public Regulation and Rent-Seeking in Contemporary Democracies. Party Politics, 13(2), 235–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068807073875

Van de Walle, S. (2008). Perceptions of corruption as distrust? Cause and effect in attitudes towards government. In Leo W. J. C. Huberts, J. Maesschalck, & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Ethics and Integrity and the Politics of Governance (pp. 215–236). Edward Elgar. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1307673

Van de Walle, S., & Migchelbrink, K. (n.d.). Institutional quality, corruption, and impartiality: The role of process and outcome for citizen trust in public administration in 173 European regions. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2020.1719103

Van Den Berg, P., & Noorderhaven, N. (2016). A Users’ Perspective on Corruption: SMEs in the Hospitality Sector in Kenya. African Studies, 75(1), 114–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2015.1129138

Van Den Heuvel, G. (2005). The Parliamentary Enquiry on Fraud in the Dutch Construction Industry Collusion as Concept Between Corruption and State-Corporate Crime. Crime, Law and Social Change, 44(2), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-006-9009-5

Van Der Berg, S. (2017). Strengthening access to information institutions to promote a culture of transparency. South African Journal on Human Rights, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02587203.2017.1346560

van der Does de Willebois, E., & Brun, J.-P. (2013). Using Civil Remedies in Corruption and Asset Recovery Cases. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 45(3), 615–650.

van der Does de Willebois, E. van der D., Sharman, J. C., Halter, E., Harrison, R., & Park, J. W. (2011). The puppet masters: How the corrupt use legal structures to hide stolen assets and what to do about it. World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=WdTJ6LPhBxYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1956&dq=The+Puppet+Masters:+How+the+Corrupt+Use+Legal+Structures+to+Hide+their+Stolen+Assets+and+What+to+Do+About+i&ots=rgwP1w13zY&sig=9stGV6RydzcaUDKmEhsLjGf0DRk

van der Meer, T., & Hakhverdian, A. (2017). Political Trust as the Evaluation of Process and Performance: A Cross-National Study of 42 European Countries. Political Studies, 65(1),

649 

 

81–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321715607514

Van der Ploeg, F. (2011). Natural resources: Curse or Blessing? Journal of Economic Literature, 49(2), 366–420.

Van der Ploeg, F., & Poelhekke, S. (2010). The Pungent Smell of “Red Herrings”: Subsoil Assets, Rents, Volatility and the Resource Curse. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 60(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2010.03.003

van der Vleuten, A., & Verloo, M. (2012). Ranking and benchmarking: The political logic of new regulatory instruments in the fields of gender equality and anti-corruption. Policy & Politics, 40(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557310X550097

Van der Wal, Z., & Demircioglu, M. A. (2020). More ethical, more innovative? The effects of ethical culture and ethical leadership on realized innovation. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 79(3), 386–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12423

van der Wal, Z., Graycar, A., & Kelly, K. (2015). See No Evil, Hear No Evil? Assessing Corruption Risk Perceptions and Strategies of Victorian Public Bodies. Australian Journal of Public Administration. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8500.12163/pdf

van Deurzen, I. (2016). And justice for all: Examining corruption as a contextual source of mental illness. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 173, 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.033

Van Dijk, J., & Mierlo, F. K.-V. (2010). Indicators of corruption: Further explorations of the link between corruption and implementation failure in anti-trafficking policies.

Van Dijk, J., & Mierlo, F. K.-V. (2013). Revisiting the Link between Corruption Prevalence and Implementation Failure in Anti-Trafficking Policies. International Perspectives in Victimology, 7(2), 1–8.

Van Duyne, P. C. (2001). Will Caligula Go Transparent? Corruption in Acts and Attitudes. Forum on Crime and Society, 1(2), 73–95.

van Ham, C., & Lindberg, S. I. (2015). From Sticks to Carrots: Electoral Manipulation in Africa, 1986–2012. Government & Opposition, 50(3), 521–548. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2015.6

van Klinken, G. A., van Klinken, G., & Aspinall, E. (2011). Building Relations: Corruption, Competition and Cooperation in the Construction Industry. The State and Illegality in Indonesia, 139–163.

Van Rijckeghem, C., & Weder, B. (2001). Bureaucratic corruption and the rate of temptation: Do wages in the civil service affect corruption, and by how much? Journal of Development

650 

 

Economics, 65(2), 307–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(01)00139-0

van Rooij, B. (2005). China’s war on graft: Politico-legal campaigns against corruption in China and their similarities to the legal reaction to crisis in the U.S. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 14(2), 289–336.

van Veldhuizen, R. (2011). Bribery and the Fair Salary Hypothesis in the Lab. https://editorialexpress.com/cgi-bin/conference/download.cgi?db_name=res_phd_2012&paper_id=197

Van Vu, H., Tran, T. Q., Van Nguyen, T., & Lim, S. (2018). Corruption, Types of Corruption and Firm Financial Performance: New Evidence from a Transitional Economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 148(4), 847–858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3016-y

van Vuuren, H. (2014). South Africa: Democracy, Corruption and Conflict Management. By Hennie van Vuuren. http://docplayer.net/3023965-Voices-from-the-south-democracy-works-conference-paper-2014-south-africa-democracy-corruption-and-conflict-management-by-hennie-van-vuuren.html

Vande Walle, G., & Dormaels, A. (2010). Understanding the aetiology of corruption: The first step to a tailor-made anti-corruption for Belgian customs office. In Cross-border crime inroads on integrity in Europe (pp. 67–88). http://archive.ugent.be/record/1163687

Vandemortel, E., & Cornelisse, P. (1994). The Dynamics of Corruption and Black Markets—An Application of Catastrophe Theory. Public Finance-Finances Publiques, 49, 195–208.

VanDusky-Allen, J., & Touchton, M. (2019). Clientelism by Committee: The Effect of Legislator–Constituent Relationships on Legislative Organization. Political Research Quarterly, 73(3), 106591291985187–106591291985679. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912919851872

Vannucci, A. (2015). Three paradigms for the analysis of corruption. Labour & Law Issues, 1(2), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2421-2695/5468

Vanucci, A. (2009). The Controversial Legacy of ‘Mani Pulite’: A Critical Analysis of Italian Corruption and Anti-Corruption Policies. Bulletin of Italian Politics, 1(2), 233–264.

Varese, F. (1997). The transition to the market and corruption in post-socialist Russia. Political Studies, 45(3), 579–596.

Varese, F. (2015). Underground Banking and Corruption. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State (pp. 336–358). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Vargas, G., & Schlutz, D. (2016). Opening Public Officials’ Coffers: A Quantitative Analysis of

651 

 

the Impact of Financial Disclosure Regulation on National Corruption Levels. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 22(3), 439–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-016-9320-3

Vargas-Hernández, J. (2011). The Multiple Faces of Corruption: Typology, Forms and Levels. Contemporary Legal and Economic Issues, 3, 269–290.

Varoufakis, Y. (2006). The bonds that impede: A model of the joint evolution of corruption and apathy. The Indian Economic Journal, 54(3), 84–103.

Varraich, A. (2014). Corruption: An umbrella concept. QoG Working Paper Series, 2014(05), 05.

Varvarigos, D., & Arsenis, P. (2015). Corruption, fertility, and human capital. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 109(Journal Article), 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.11.006

Vasudev, D. (2018). Legislative kleptocracy in Nigeria: Systems approach. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 21(2), 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-02-2017-0006

Vatn, A., & Vedeld, P. O. (2013). National governance structures for REDD+. Global Environmental Change, 23(2), 422–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.11.005

Vaughn, R. G. (1989). Ethics in Government and the Vision of Public Service. George Washington Law Review, 58, 417.

Vega, MA. (2009). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Culture of Bribery: Expanding the Scope of Private Whistleblower Suits to Overseas Employees. Harvard Journal On Legislation, 46(2), 425–501.

Vega, Matt. (2010). Balancing Judicial Cognizance and Caution: Whether Transnational Corporations Are Liable for Foreign Bribery Under the Alien Tort Statute. Michigan Journal of International Law, 31(2), 385–447.

Velkova, E., & Georgievski, S. (2004). Fighting transborder organized crime in Southeast Europe through fighting corruption in customs agencies. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 4(2), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468385042000247574

Venâncio de Vasconcelos, M. (2020). Political Stability and Bank Flows: New Evidence. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(3), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13030056

Venard, B. (2009a). Corruption in Emerging Countries: A Matter of Isomorphism. M@n@gement, 12(1), 2–27.

Venard, B. (2009b). Organizational Isomorphism and Corruption: An Empirical Research in

652 

 

Russia. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(1), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9984-9

Venard, B. (2013). Institutions, Corruption and Sustainable Development. Economics Bulletin.

Venard, B., & Hanafi, M. (2008). Organizational Isomorphism and Corruption in Financial Institutions: Empirical Research in Emerging Countries. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 481–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9519-9

Vendrell-Herrero, F., Darko, C., & Vaillant, Y. (2020). Firm productivity and government contracts: The moderating role of corruption. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 100899-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100899

Ventelou, B. (2002). Corruption in a Model of Growth: Political Reputation, Competition and Shocks. Public Choice, 110(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013034225646

Vera Cruz, G., & Mullet, E. (2019). Mapping Mozambican people’s views on corruption amnesty laws. Social Science Information, 58(1), 84–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018419832262

Vera, S. B. (2019). Accepting or Resisting? Citizen Responses to Corruption Across Varying Levels of Competence and Corruption Prevalence. Political Studies, 68(3), 003232171986821–670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321719868210

Verardi, V. (2004). Electoral systems and corruption. Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Económico, 117–150.

Verbrugge, R. J. (2006). Nonergodic Corruption Dynamics (or, Why Do Some Regions within a Country Become More Corrupt than Others? Journal of Public Economic Theory, 8(2), 219–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9779.2006.00261.x

Verdenicci, S., & Hough, D. (2015). People power and anti-corruption; demystifying citizen-centred approaches. Crime, Law and Social Change, 64(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-015-9585-3

Verkhovod, L. I. (2019). Specifics of the corruption and bribery interpretation in the scientific and social discourse of modern Ukraine. Granì, 22(1), 86–94. https://doi.org/10.15421/171911

Verma, A. (1999). Cultural roots of police corruption in India. Policing (Bradford), 22(3), 264.

Verma, P., Nandi, A. K., & Sengupta, S. (2018). Bribery Games on Interdependent Complex Networks. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 450, 43–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.04.028

Verma, P., & Sengupta, S. (2015). Bribe and Punishment: An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic

653 

 

Analysis of Bribery. PLoS ONE, 10(7).

Véron, R., Williams, G., Corbridge, S., & Srivastava, M. (2006). Decentralized Corruption or Corrupt Decentralization? Community Monitoring of Poverty-Alleviation Schemes in Eastern India. World Development, 34(11), 1922–1941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.024

Verstraeten, J. (2016). Institutionalised Corruption and Integrity: A Theological-Ethical Clarification of a Complex Issue. In M. Dion, D. Weisstub, & J.-L. Richet (Eds.), Financial Crimes: Psychological, Technological, and Ethical Issues (pp. 235–248). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32419-7_11

Verver, J. (2015). Lessons from the FIFA Corruption Scandal. Risk Management, 62(7), 16–17.

Verwee, I., & Walle, G. V. (2008). Perceptions of Corruption in Belgium: A Diversity of Stories about the Crime Phenomenon. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 9(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/15705850701825493

Viacheslav Hladky. (2019). The Structure of the System of Corruption Crime Subjects according to the Legislation of Ukraine. Traektoriâ Nauki, 5(4), 2008–2021. https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.45-4

Vial, V., & Hanoteau, J. (2010). Corruption, Manufacturing Plant Growth, and the Asian Paradox: Indonesian Evidence. World Development, 38(5), 693–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.022

Vian, T. (2008). Review of corruption in the health sector: Theory, methods and interventions. Health Policy and Planning, 23(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czm048

Vian, T. (2010). Anticorruption in the Health Sector: Strategies for Transparency and Accountability. Kumarian Press.

Vian, T. (2019). High Stakes Require More Than Just Talk: What to Do About Corruption in Health Systems Comment on “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems”. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 8(8), 505–507. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.33

Vian, T. (2020). Anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in health: Concepts, frameworks, and approaches. Global Health Action, 13(sup1), 1694744. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1694744

Vian, T., Brinkerhoff, D. W., Feeley, F. G., Salomon, M., & Vien, N. T. K. (2012). Confronting Corruption in the Health Sector in Vietnam: Patterns and Prospects. Public Administration and Development, 32(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1607

Vian, T., & Burak, L. J. (2006). Beliefs about informal payments in Albania. Health Policy and

654 

 

Planning, 21(5), 392–401. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czl022

Vian, T., Feeley, F. G., Domente, S., Negruta, A., Matei, A., & Habicht, J. (2015). Barriers to universal health coverage in Republic of Moldova: A policy analysis of formal and informal out-of-pocket payments. BMC Health Services Research, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0984-z

Vian, T., Gryboski, K., Grybosk, K., Sinoimeri, Z., & Hall, R. (2006). Informal payments in government health facilities in Albania: Results of a qualitative study. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 62(4), 877–887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.07.005

Vian, T., McIntosh, N., & Grabowski, A. (2017). “It Keeps Us from Putting Drugs in Pockets”: How a Public-Private Partnership for Hospital Management May Help Curb Corruption. The Permanente Journal, 21, 16–113. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/16-113

Vicente, P. C. (2007a). A Theory of Corruption, Political Exclusion, and Windfalls. In Institutions and Norms in Economic Development (pp. 111–139). MIT Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HSbsdJdpFd8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA111&dq=%E2%80%9CA+Theory+of+Corruption,+Political+Exclusion,+and+Windfalls%E2%80%9D,+in+M.+Gradstein+%26+K.A.+Konrad,+eds.,+Institutions+and+Norms+in+Economic+Development+&ots=SuRnau2A71&sig=zLP5KDAQ-lC7UsztZB38Xn8GN6Y

Vicente, P. C. (2007b). Corrupted Scholarships [Working paper].

Vicente, P. C. (2010). Does Oil Corrupt? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in West Africa. Journal of Development Economics, 92(1), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.01.005

Vicente, P. C. (2011). Oil, corruption, and vote-buying: A review of the case of São Tomé and Príncipe. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, Vol. II. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Vicente, P. C. (2014). Is Vote Buying Effective? Evidence from a Field Experiment in West Africa. Economic Journal, 124(574), F356–F387. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12086

Vicente, P. C., & Wantchekon, L. (2009). Clientelism and vote buying: Lessons from field experiments in African elections. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 25(2), 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grp018

Victoria Auditor-General. (2018). Fraud and corruption control [Article; Article/Report]. Melbourne : Victorian Government Printer. https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/253947114

Vigneswaran, D. V. (2011). Incident reporting: A technique for studying police corruption. Policing and Society, 21(2), 190–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2010.540658

Vijayalakshmi, V. (2008). Rent-Seeking and Gender in Local Governance. Journal of

655 

 

Development Studies, 44(9), 1262–1288. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802265611

Vilhushynskyi, M., & Moskvych, L. (2019). The Right of the Public on Publicly Heard and Open Criminal Proceedings in the Context of Preventing Corruption and Economic Crime by Judicial Power. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 5(4), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-4-59-73

Villalonga, J. (2018). Fiscal centralization: A remedy for corruption? SERIEs, 9(4), 457–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-018-0184-2

Villanueva, P. A. G. (2019). Why Civil Society Cannot Battle it All Alone: The Roles of Civil Society Environment, Transparent Laws and Quality of Public Administration in Political Corruption Mitigation. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(6), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1638933

Villarreal, A. (2002). Political Competition and Violence in Mexico: Hierarchical Social Control in Local Patronage Structures. American Sociological Review, 67(4), 477–498.

Villarreal-Diaz, M. (2018). Corruption, Character, and Institutions. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 264–287. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000050

Villoria, M., Van Ryzin, G. G., & Lavena, C. F. (2013). Social and Political Consequences of Administrative Corruption: A Study of Public Perceptions in Spain. Public Administration Review, 73(1), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02613.x

Vinayagathasan, T., & Ramesh, R. (2019). Do Governance Indicators Matter for Economic Growth? The Case of Sri Lanka. Indian Journal of Public Administration, 65(2), 430–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019556119844616

Vincke, F. (1997). How Effective Is the Business Community in Combating Corruption? Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 91, 99–105.

Vincke, F. (2013). Recent Anti-Corruption Initiatives and Their Impact on Arbitration. ICC Inernational Court of Arbitratoin Bulletin, 24, 5-.

Vinod, H.D. (1999). Statistical analysis of corruption data and using the Internet to reduce corruption. Journal of Asian Economics, 10(4), 591–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-0078(00)00034-8

Vinod, Hrishikesh D. (2003). Open economy and financial burden of corruption: Theory and application to Asia. Journal of Asian Economics, 13(6), 873–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-0078(02)00188-4

Vinogradov, A. (2014). Government, Business, and Corruption in China. Far Eastern Affairs, 42(1), 98–107.

656 

 

Viorică, D., Jemna, D., & Pintilescu, C. (2011). Determinants Of Corruption In Romania And Its Impact On Economic Growth. Analele Stiintifice Ale Universitatii “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Din Iasi - Stiinte Economice, 2011SE, 225–233.

Virta, H. (2010). The linkage between corruption and shadow economy size: Does geography matter? International Journal of Development Issues, 9(1), 4–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/14468951011033770

Vitaliano, D. (2016). Cost Efficiency of Urban Transport in an Era of Widespread Corruption: The Case of New York Street Railways. Atlantic Economic Journal, 44(3), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11293-016-9510-x

Vitell, S., Nwachukwu, S., & Barnes, J. (1993). The effects of culture on ethical decision-making: An application of Hofstede’s typology. Journal of Business Ethics, 12(10), 753–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00881307

Vithiatharan, V., & Gomez, E. T. (2014). Politics, Economic Crises and Corporate Governance Reforms: Regulatory Capture in Malaysia. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44(4), 599.

Vitória, A. (2018). Late Medieval Polities and the Problem of Corruption: France, England and Portugal, 1250–1500. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-6

Vivyan, N., Wagner, M., & Tarlov, J. (2012). Representative misconduct, voter perceptions and accountability: Evidence from the 2009 House of Commons expenses scandal. Electoral Studies, 31(4), 750–763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2012.06.010

Vlasic, M., & Noell, J. (2010). Fighting Corruption To Improve Global Security: An Analysis Of International Asset Recovery Systems. Yale Journal of International Affairs, 5(2), 106–120.

Vlasic, M. V., & Atlee, P. (2014). Myanmar and the Dodd-Frank whistleblower “bounty”: The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and curbing grand corruption through innovative action.(Bribes Without Borders: The Challenge of Fighting Corruption in the Global Context). American University International Law Review, 29(2), 441–464.

Vlasic, M. V., & Cooper, G. (2011a). Beyond the Duvalier legacy: What new “Arab Spring” governments can learn from Haiti and the benefits of stolen asset recovery.(Front Lines: Rule of Law in Haiti and Beyond). Northwestern University Journal of International Human Rights, 10(1 2), 19–26.

Vlasic, M. V., & Cooper, G. (2011b). Repatriating Justice: New Trends in Stolen Asset Recovery and Fighting Corruption. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 12(2),

657 

 

98–105.

Vogl, F. (1998). The Supply Side of Global Bribery. Finance and Development, 35(2), 30.

Vogl, F. (2012). Waging War on Corruption: Inside the Movement Fighting the Abuse of Power. Blue Ridge Summit, PA, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Vohs, K. D., & Schooler, J. W. (2008). The Value of Believing in Free Will: Encouraging a Belief in Determinism Increases Cheating. Psychological Science, 19(1), 49–54.

Voigt, L., & Thornton, W. (2015). Disaster-Related Human Rights Violations and Corruption: A 10-Year Review of Post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans. The American Behavioral Scientist, 59(10), 1292.

Voigt, S. (2013). How (Not) to measure institutions. Journal of Institutional Economics, 9(01), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137412000148

Voigt, S., & Blume, L. (2012). The economic effects of federalism and decentralization—A cross-country assessment. Public Choice, 151(1), 229–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9745-z

Voigt, S., & Gutmann, J. (2015). On the wrong side of the law – Causes and consequences of a corrupt judiciary. International Review of Law & Economics, 43, 156–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2014.04.005

Volejníková, J. (2009). Reflection of corruption in the development of economic theories. E+ M Ekonomie a Management, 2, 15.

Voliotis, S. (2017). Establishing the Normative Standards that Determine Deviance in Organizational Corruption: Is Corruption Within Organizations Antisocial or Unethical? Journal Of Business Ethics, 140(1), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2652-y

Voloshenko, A. (2015). Corruption: Historical Roots and Contemporary Manifestations. Aktual’ni Problemy Ekonomiky = Actual Problems in Economics, 165, 8–16.

Volrasarn, T., & Harnpornchai, N. (2014). The Estimation of Bounded Rational Corruption Model. International Journal of Intelligent Technologies & Applied Statistics, 7(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.6148/IJITAS.2014.0702.06

Von Alemann, U. (2004). The unknown depths of political theory: The case for a multidimensional concept of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041035.21045.1d

Von Hatzfeldt, G. (2016). Agonistic Democracy: The Endurance of the Gandhi and Nehru Legacy. Contemporary South Asia, 24(2), 149–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2016.1197884

658 

 

Von Luebke, C. (2010). The Politics of Reform: Political Scandals, Elite Resistance, and Presidential Leadership in Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 29(1), 79–94.

Von Maravic, P. (2007a). Decentralized Corruption in Germany. Public Administration Quarterly, 30(4), 440–482.

Von Maravic, P. (2007b). Public Management Reform and Corruption—Conceptualizing the Unintended Consequences. Administratie Si Management Public, 8, 126–143.

von Mühlenbrock, G. (1996). Discretion and corruption: The Chilean judiciary. Crime, Law and Social Change, 25(4), 335–351.

Von Rosenvinge, A. von. (2009). Global Anti-Corruption Regimes: Why Law Schools may want to take a Multi-Jurisdiction Approach. German Law Journal, 10(6), 785–802.

Von Soest, C. (2009). Stagnation of a “Miracle”: Botswana’s Governance Record Revisited [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1398687

Von Soest, C. (2013). Persistent systemic corruption: Why democratisation and economic liberalisation have failed to undo an old evil. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 57–87.

Voors, M., Bulte, E., & Damania, R. (2011). Income Shocks and Corruption in Africa: Does a Virtuous Cycle Exist? Journal of African Economies, 20(3), 395–418.

Vorley, T., & Williams, N. (2016). Between Petty Corruption and Criminal Extortion: How Entrepreneurs in Bulgaria and Romania Operate Within a Devil’s Circle. International Small Business Journal, 34(6), 797–817. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242615590464

Vorster, J. M. (2015). The possible contribution of civil society in the moral edification of South African society: The example of the “United Democratic Front” and the “Treatment Action Campaign” (1983-2014). Hervormde Teologiese Studies, 71(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v71i3.2754

Vos, J. (2011). Fighting Corruption in the Water Sector. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/anti-corruption/fighting_corruptioninthewatersector.html

Vostroknutova, E. (2003). Shadow Economy, Rent-Seeking Activities and the Perils of Reinforcement of the Rule of Law. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc.

Voyer, P., & Beamish, P. (2004). The Effect of Corruption on Japanese Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(3), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000024737.57926.bf

659 

 

Vu, M. (2019). Tensions and Struggles in Tackling Bribery at the Firm Level: Perspectives from Buddhist-Enacted Organizational Leaders. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04235-3

Wabwile, N. (2015). Transnational corruption, violations of human rights and states’ extraterritorial responsibility: A case for international action strategies. African Journal of Legal Studies, 8(1–2), 87–114.

Wachs, J., Fazekas, M., & Kertész, J. (2020). Corruption risk in contracting markets: A network science perspective. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-019-00204-1

Wachs, J., & Kertész, J. (2019). A network approach to cartel detection in public auction markets. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47198-1

Wachs, J., Yasseri, T., Lengyel, B., & Kertész, J. (2019). Social capital predicts corruption risk in towns. Royal Society Open Science, 6(4), 182103. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.182103

Wade, R. (1982). The System of Administrative and Political Corruption: Canal Irrigation in South India. Journal of Development Studies, 18(3), 287–328.

Wade, Robert. (1984). Irrigation reform in conditions of populist anarchy. Journal of Development Economics, 14(3), 285–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(84)90060-9

Wade, Robert. (1985). The market for public office: Why the Indian state is not better at development. World Development, 13, 467–497.

Wadho, W. A. (2014). Education, Rent Seeking and the Curse of Natural Resources. ECONOMICS & POLITICS, 26(1), 128–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12029

Wadho, Waqar Ahmed. (2016). Corruption, Tax Evasion and the Role of Wage Incentives with Endogenous Monitoring Technology. Economic Inquiry, 54(1), 391–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12243

Wagner, A. F., Schneider, F., & Halla, M. (2009). The quality of institutions and satisfaction with democracy in Western Europe—A panel analysis. European Journal of Political Economy, 25(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2008.08.001

Wagner, B., & Jacobs, L. (2008). Retooling Law Enforcement to Investigate and Prosecute Entrenched Corruption: Key Criminal Procedure Reforms for Indonesia and Other Nations. University Of Pennsylvania Journal Of International Law, 30(1), 183–265.

Wagner, N., Hout, W., & Namara, R. (2020). Improving police integrity in Uganda: Impact assessment of the police accountability and reform project. Review of Development Economics, 24(1), 62–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12643

660 

 

Wahyono, H. L., Hatmoko, J. U. D., & Tamin, R. Z. (2019). State Financial Losses in Public Procurement Construction Projects in Indonesia. Buildings, 9(5), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050129

Wahyuni, Z., Adriani, Y., & Nihayah, Z. (2015). The Relationship between Religious Orientation, Moral Integrity, Personality, Organizational Climate and Anti Corruption Intentions in Indonesia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(10), 860–864. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2015.V5.570

Waisbord, S. R. (2004). Scandals, media, and citizenship in contemporary Argentina.(Author Abstract). American Behavioral Scientist, 47(8), 1072.

Walczak, W. (2018). Corruption as a net of influences, links and connections. Internal Security Review, 19(10), 255–278.

Waldemar, F. S. de. (2012). New Products and Corruption: Evidence from Indian Firms. The Developing Economies, 50(3), 268–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2012.00171.x

Wallace, C. (2000). Democratisation, economic development and corruption in East-Central Europe: A 11-nation study. Institute for Advanced Studies, 2000.

Wallace, C., & Latcheva, R. (2006). Economic Transformation Outside the Law: Corruption, Trust in Public Institutions and the Informal Economy in Transition Countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Europe-Asia Studies, 58(1), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668130500401707

Wallace, J. C. (1998). Resolving judicial corruption while preserving judicial independence: Comparative perspectives. California Western International Law Journal, 28(2), 341–351.

Wallace-Bruce, N. L. (2000). Corruption and competitiveness in global business—The dawn of a new era. Melbourne University Law Review, 24(2), 349–378.

Waller, C. J., Verdier, T., & Gardner, R. (2002). Corruption: Top Down or Bottom Up? Economic Inquiry, 40(4), 688–703. https://doi.org/10.1093/ei/40.4.688

Wallis, J. J. (2005). Constitutions, Corporations, and Corruption: American States and Constitutional Change, 1842 to 1852. The Journal of Economic History, 65(1), 211–256. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050705050084

Wallis, J. J., Fishback, P. V., & Kantor, S. (2006). Politics, Relief, and Reform: Roosevelt’s Efforts to Control Corruption and Political Manipulation during the New Deal (1st ed.).

Walpole, M. J., & Smith, R. J. (2005). Focusing on corruption: A reply to Ferraro and Katzner. Oryx, 39(3), 263–264.

661 

 

Walsh, J. T. (2003). Practical Measures To Promote Integrity in Customs Administrations. In M. Keen (Ed.), Changing customs: Challenges and strategies for the reform of customs administration. International Monetary Fund.

Walton, G. (2009a). Rifling Through Corruption’s Baggage: Understanding Corruption Through Discourse Analysis. In M. Dobashi, J. Hooker, & P. Madsen (Eds.), A Survey of International Corporate Responsibility (Vol. 4, pp. 179–190). Philosophy Documentation Centre.

Walton, G. (2009b). Rural People’s Perceptions of Corruption in Papua New Guinea [Working paper].

Walton, G. (2010). A Comparison of Two Papua New Guinean Anti-Corruption Agencies and their Policies.

Walton, G. (2011). The Rise of Economic Discourse: Corruption and Anti-Corruption in the Development Industry. In S. B. Dahiya, K. Chakravarty, N. Rathee, & S. V. Lamba (Eds.), Governance issues and corruption (pp. 155–172). Intellectual Foundation.

Walton, G. (2013). Papua New Guinean understandings of corruption: Insights from a nine-province study. Transparency International Papua New Guinea (Inc).

Walton, G., & Peiffer, C. (2015). The limitations of education for addressing corruption: Lessons from attitudes towards reporting in Papua New Guinea. Crawford School Development Policy Centre Discussion Paper, 39. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2614179

Walton, Grant W. (2013a). An argument for reframing debates about corruption: Insights from Papua New Guinea. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 54(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12002

Walton, Grant W. (2013b). Is All Corruption Dysfunctional? Perceptions of Corruption and Its Consequences in Papua New Gunea. Public Administration and Development, 33(3), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1636

Walton, Grant W. (2013c). The limitations of neoliberal logic in the anti-corruption industry: Lessons from Papua New Guinea. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(2), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9450-1

Walton, Grant W. (2015). Defining Corruption Where the State is Weak: The Case of Papua New Guinea. Journal of Development Studies, 51(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.925541

Walton, Grant W. (2016a). Gramsci’s activists: How local civil society is shaped by the anti- corruption industry, political society and translocal encounters. Political Geography,

662 

 

53(Journal Article), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.01.009

Walton, Grant W. (2016b). Silent screams and muffled cries. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 211–226.

Walton, Grant W. (2019). The micro-politics of implementing and resisting principal-agent relations in a weak state. Australian Journal of Political Science, 54(3), 355–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2019.1616077

Walton, Grant W., & Hushang, H. (2020). Boom and bust? Political will and anti‐corruption in Papua New Guinea. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 7(2), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.306

Walton, Grant W., & Peiffer, C. (2017). The impacts of education and institutional trust on citizens’ willingness to report corruption: Lessons from Papua New Guinea. Australian Journal of Political Science, 52(4), 517–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2017.1374346

Walton, Grant William. (2020). Establishing and maintaining the technical anti-corruption assemblage: The Solomon Islands experience. Third World Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2020.1798222

Wamara, C. (2017). Corruption in Uganda: Does this Have Anything to Do with Social Work? Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 2(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-017-0031-6

Wamey, J. M. (1999). Can Corruption Be Measured? Bank’s World, 13(6), 1, 3.

Wane, W. (2000). Tax evasion, corruption, and the remuneration of heterogeneous inspectos. World Bank.

Wang, C. (2017). Crony Banking and Local Growth in China. BOFIT Discussion Papers, 8, 1–39.

Wang, C.-H. (2015). Government Performance, Corruption, and Political Trust in East Asia. Social Science Quarterly, 97(2), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12223

Wang, C.-S., & Kurzman, C. (2007). The Logistics: How to Buy Votes. In F. C. Schaffer (Ed.), Elections for sale: The causes and consequences of vote buying (pp. 61–78). Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Wang, E. C., & Alvi, E. (2011). Relative Efficiency of Government Spending and Its Determinants: Evidence from East Asian Countries. Eurasian Economic Review, 1(1), 3–28.

Wang, Fang, & Sun, X. (2016). Absolute power leads to absolute corruption? Impact of power

663 

 

on corruption depending on the concepts of power one holds. European Journal of Social Psychology, 46(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2134

Wang, Fangjun, Xu, L., Zhang, J., & Shu, W. (2018). Political connections, internal control and firm value: Evidence from China’s anti-corruption campaign. Journal of Business Research, 86, 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.045

Wang, Hong. (2020). Quality manipulation and limit corruption in competitive procurement. European Journal of Operational Research, 283(3), 1124–1135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.11.053

Wang, Hongying, & Rosenau, J. (2001). Transparency international and corruption as an issue of global governance. Global Governance, 7(1), 25–49.

Wang, Huanming, Liu, Y., Xiong, W., & Song, J. (2019). The moderating role of governance environment on the relationship between risk allocation and private investment in PPP markets: Evidence from developing countries. International Journal of Project Management, 37(1), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2018.10.008

Wang, Huanming, & Ma, L. (2019). Ownership, corruption, and revenue regimes for infrastructure partnerships: Evidence from China. Utilities Policy, 60, 100942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2019.100942

Wang, J. (2018). What’s wrong with corruption? Messages from confessions in China. Crime, Law and Social Change, 69(3), 447–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9746-7

Wang, K. (2016). Valuable Nepotism?: The FCPA and Hiring Risks in China. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems; Columbia J.Law Soc.Probl., 49(3), 459–493.

Wang, K.-Y., & Tu, S.-M. (2014). The Influence of National Leader Change on Corruption and Sovereign Rating. Acta Oeconomica, 64(Journal Article), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1556/AOecon.64.2014.Suppl.7

Wang, L., & Murnighan, J. K. (2014). Money, Emotions, and Ethics Across Individuals and Countries. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(1), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1914-9

Wang, P. (2014). Extra-Legal Protection in China. British Journal of Criminology, 54(5), 1–1.

Wang, P. (2016). Military Corruption in China: The Role of Guanxi in the Buying and Selling of Military Positions. 228, 970–991. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741016001144

Wang, P. (2017). The Chinese Mafia: Organized crime, corruption, and extra-legal protection. Oxford University Press.

Wang, Shi, Yuan, Y., & Wang, H. (2019). Corruption, Hidden Economy and Environmental

664 

 

Pollution: A Spatial Econometric Analysis Based on China’s Provincial Panel Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162871

Wang, Shuhong, Zhao, D., & Chen, H. (2020a). A spatial analysis of corruption, misallocation, and efficiency. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 27(29), 36845–36856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09707-y

Wang, Shuhong, Zhao, D., & Chen, H. (2020b). Government corruption, resource misallocation, and ecological efficiency. Energy Economics, 85, 104573-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104573

Wang, S.-Y. (2013). Marriage Networks, Nepotism, and Labor Market Outcomes in China. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(3), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.5.3.91

Wang, T. (2014). Is Confucianism a Source of Corruption in Chinese Society? A New Round of Debate in Mainland China. Dao, 13(1), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-013-9361-y

Wang, V. (2005). The accountability function of supreme audit institutions in Malawi, Uganda and Tanzania. Chr. Michelsen Institute.

Wang, Xiaobing. (2019). Regulation and corruption in transitional China. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 17(1), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2019.1588594

Wang, Xiuhua, & Gu, X. (2019). Political incentives in firms’ financial reporting: Evidence from the crackdown on corrupt municipal officials. Economics of Governance, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-019-00225-3

Wang, Yingyao. (2019). A Network-Exchange Approach to Corruption: Brokers and Institution Spanning in A Chinese Corruption Network. Deviant Behavior, 41(12), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1640525

Wang, Y.-T. (2018). Clientelistic parties and satisfaction with democracy. Party Politics, 26(4), 135406881878496–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068818784965

Wang, Yuan. (2019). Growth and development under different corruption regimes. The Manchester School, 88(2), 305–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/manc.12302

Wang, Yuanyuan, & You, J. (2012). Corruption and firm growth: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 23(2), 415–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2012.03.003

Wang, Yuhua. (2014). Institutions and Bribery in an Authoritarian State. Studies in Comparative International Development, 49(2), 217–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-013-9138-7

665 

 

Wang, Zhaohua, Danish, B., Zhang, B., & Wang, B. (2018). The moderating role of corruption between economic growth and CO2 emissions: Evidence from BRICS economies. Energy, 148, 506–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.167

Wang, Zhengxu, & Zeng, J. (2016). Xi Jinping: The game changer of Chinese elite politics? Contemporary Politics, 22(4), 469–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2016.1175098

Wangnerud, L. (2010). Variation in Corruption Between Mexican States: Elaborating the Gender Perspective [Working paper].

Wängnerud, L. (2012). Why women are less corrupt than men. In S. Holmberg & B. Rothstein (Eds.), Good Government: The Relevance of Political Science (pp. 230–249). Edward Elgar.

Wangnerud, L. (2015). Gender and Corruption. In Paul M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 288–297). Routledge.

Wank, D. L. (1995). Bureaucratic Patronage and Private Business: Changing Networks of Power in Urban China. In A. G. Walder (Ed.), The waning of the communist state: Economic origins of political decline in China and Hungary (pp. 153–183). University of California Press. http://sfx.hul.harvard.edu/hvd?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:kbmanager&rft.object_id=111000211185500

Wank, D. L. (2002). Evolving Business-State Clientalism in China: The Institutional Organization of a Smuggling Operation [Working paper].

Wanlin, L. A. (2006). The Gap between Promise and Practice in the Global Fight Against Corruption. Asper Review of International Business and Trade Law, 6, 209–240.

Wantchekon, L. (2003). Clientelism and Voting Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Benin. World Politics, 55(3), 399–422.

Waples, E., Antes, A., Murphy, S., Connelly, S., & Mumford, M. (2009). A Meta-Analytic Investigation of Business Ethics Instruction. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9875-0

Warburton, J. (2001). Corruption as a Social Process: From Dyads to Networks (P. Lamour & N. Wolanin, Eds.; pp. 221–237).

Ward, H., & Dorussen, H. (2015). Public Information and Performance: The Role of Spatial Dependence in the Worldwide Governance Indicators among African Countries. World Development, 74(Journal Article), 253.

Ware, G. T., Moss, S., Campos, J. E., & Noone, G. P. (2011). Corruption in Procurement. In A.

666 

 

Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar.

Warf, B. (2016). Global Geographies of Corruption. GeoJournal, 81(5), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-015-9656-0

Warf, B., & Stewart, S. (2016). Latin American Corruption in Geographic Perspective. Journal of Latin American Geography, 15(1), 133–155. https://doi.org/10.1353/lag.2016.0006

Warin, F., Falconer, C., & Diamant, M. (2010). The British are Coming!: Britain Changes its Law on Foreign Bribery and Joins the International Fight Against Corruption. Texas International Law Journal, 46(1), 1–72.

Warin, F. J., & Boutros, A. S. (2007). Deferred Prosecution Agreements: A View from the Trenches and a Proposal for Reform. Virginia Law Review In Brief, 93, 121–249.

Warin, F. J., Diaman, M. S., & Root, V. S. (2011). Somebody’s watching me: FCPA monitorships and how they can work better. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law, 13(2), 321–381.

Warin, F. J., Diamant, M. S., & Pfenning, J. M. (2010). FCPA Compliance in China and the Gifts and Hospitality Challenge. Virginia Law & Business Review, 5, 33–481.

Warner, C. (2007). Globalisation and Corruption. In G. Ritzer (Ed.), The Blackwell companion to globalization. Blackwell Pub.

Warner, C. M. (2015). Sources of Corruption in the European Union. In Paul M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 121–134). Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wWzfBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Warner,+Carolyn+M.+2015.+%E2%80%9CSources+of+Corruption+in+the+European+Union%E2%80%9D+,+in+Paul+M.+Heywood+ed.,+The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Political+Corruption&ots=C8RgrXVA6N&sig=WX5b3TwoOYbbIqDhXVbNnPlBgC4

Warren, D. E., & Laufer, W. S. (2009). Are Corruption Indices a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy? A Social Labeling Perspective of Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(S4), 841–849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0316-5

Warren, M. (2004). Social Capital and Corruption. In D. Castiglione (Ed.), The handbook of social capital (pp. 16–18). Oxford University Press.

Warren, M. E. (2004). What Does Corruption Mean in a Democracy? American Journal of Political Science, 48(2), 328–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00073.x

Warren, M. E. (2006). Democracy and Deceit: Regulating Appearances of Corruption. American Journal of Political Science, 50(1), 160–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00176.x

667 

 

Warren, M. E. (2015). The Meaning of Corruption in Democracies. In L. Wangnerud (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 42–55). Routledge.

Wated, G., & Sanchez, J. (2005). The Effects of Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Attributions, and Individualism–Collectivism on Managers’ Responses to Bribery in Organizations: Evidence from a Developing Nation. Journal of Business Ethics, 61(2), 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-8712-y

Watts, J. (2018). The Problem of the Personal: Tackling Corruption in Later Medieval England, 1250–1550. In Anti-corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001/oso-9780198809975-chapter-7

Watts, M. (2019). State as Illusion?: A Commentary on Moral Economies of Corruption. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, 39(3), 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-7885513

Watts, P. (2014). Corrupt company controllers, their companies and their companies’ creditors: Dealing with pleas of ex turpi causa. Journal of Business Law, 2, 161–167.

Wawrosz, P. (2017). General Principles of Corruption Networks. International Advances in Economic Research, 23(1), 127–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-016-9614-8

Weaver, G. R. (2001). Ethics programs in global businesses: Culture’s role in managing ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 30(1), 3–15.

Weaver, G. R., Treviño, L. K., & Cochran, P. L. (1999a). Corporate Ethics Programs as Control Systems: Influences of Executive Commitment and Environmental Factors. The Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 41–57.

Weaver, G. R., Treviño, L. K., & Cochran, P. L. (1999b). Integrated and Decoupled Corporate Social Performance: Management Commitments, External Pressures, and Corporate Ethics Practices. The Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 539–552.

Weaver, Gary. (1999). Compliance and values oriented ethics programs: Influences on employees’ attitudes and behavior. Business Ethics Quarterly, 9(2), 315–335.

Weaver, Gr. (2006). Virtue in organizations: Moral identity as a foundation for moral agency. Organization Studies, 27(3), 341–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840606062426

Weaver, J. (2018). Jobs for Sale: Corruption and Misallocation in Hiring.

Webb, D., & Adkins, R. (2016). Anti-Corruption Law’s Third-Party Perils. National Law Journal, 38(20), 10.

668 

 

Webb, P. (2005). The United Nations Convention Against Corruption: Global achievement or missed opportunity? Journal of International Economic Law, 8(1), 191–229.

Weber Abramo, C. (2008). How Much Do Perceptions of Corruption Really Tell Us? Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 2(2008–3), 1. https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2008-3

Weber Abramo, C., & Brasil, T. (2003). Prevention and detection in bribery-affected public procurement. EconWPA. https://core.ac.uk/download/files/153/9312888.pdf

Weber, J. (1993). Institutionalizing Ethics into Business Organizations: A Model and Research Agenda. Business Ethics Quarterly, 3(4), 419–436. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857287

Weber, J. (2015). Investigating and Assessing the Quality of Employee Ethics Training Programs Among US-Based Global Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2128-5

Weber, J., & Getz, K. (2004). Buy Bribes or Bye-Bye Bribes: The Future Status of Bribery in International Commerce. Business Ethics Quarterly, 14(4), 695–711.

Webster, A. (2016). Could a Company Be Debarred Following a Conviction for Failure to Prevent Bribery? Criminal Law Review, 7, 485.

Webster, Allan, & Piesse, J. (2018). Are Foreign-Owned Firms More Likely to Pay Bribes than Domestic Ones? Evidence from Emerging Markets. World Development, 101, 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.08.007

Webster, M. E. (2008). Fifteen minutes of shame: The growing notoriety of grand corruption. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 31(2), 807–826.

Wedel, J. (2012). Rethinking Corruption in an Age of Ambiguity. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 8, 453–498. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.093008.131558

Wedel, J. (2015). High Priests and the Gospel of Anti- Corruption. Challenge, 58(1), 4.

Wedel, J. R. (2001). Corruption and organized crime in post-communist states: New ways of manifesting old patterns: Part III: from evil empire to mafia. Trends in Organized Crime, 7(1), 47–61.

Wedel, J. R. (2003). Clans, cliques and captured states: Rethinking ?transition? in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Journal of International Development, 15(4), 427–440. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.994

Wedeman, A. (2004). The intensification of corruption in China. China Quarterly, 180, 895–921.

Wedeman, A. (2017). China’s Corruption Crackdown: War Without End? Current History,

669 

 

116(791), 210–216.

Wedeman, Andrew. (1997). Looters, rent-scrapers, and dividend-collectors: Corruption and growth in Zaire, South Korea, and the Philippines. The Journal of Developing Areas, 31(4), 457–478.

Wedeman, Andrew. (2002a). Development and Corruption: The East Asian Paradox. In E. T. Gomez (Ed.), Political business in East Asia (pp. 34–61). Routledge.

Wedeman, Andrew. (2002b). State Predation and Rapid Growth: The Polarization of Business in China. In E. T. Gomez (Ed.), Political business in East Asia (pp. 155–181). Routledge.

Wedeman, Andrew. (2012). China’s War on Corruption. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing Corruption in Asia: Institutional Design and Policy Capacity. United Kingdom: Routledge Ltd.

Wedeman, Andrew. (2017a). Bribery with Chinese Characteristics? Corruption, Fuzzy Property Rights, and Rapid Growth. East Asia : An International Quarterly, 34(2), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12140-017-9272-3

Wedeman, Andrew. (2017b). Xi Jinping’s Tiger Hunt: Anti-Corruption Campaign or Factional Purge? Modern China Studies, 24(2), 35–94.

Wedeman, Andrew. (2018). Does China Fit the Model? Journal of Democracy, 29(1), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0007

Weeks, J. (1986). Bribes, Gratuities and the Congress: The Institutionalized Corruption of the Political Process, the Impotence of Criminal Law to Reach It, and a Proposal for Change. Journal of Legislation, 13(2), 123.

Weghorst, K. R., & Lindberg, S. I. (2011). Effective Opposition Strategies: Collective Goods or Clientelism? Democratization, 18(5), 1193–1214. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2011.603483

Wei, C., Hu, S., & Chen, F. (2020). Do political connection disruptions increase labor costs in a government-dominated market? Evidence from publicly listed companies in China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 62, 101554-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2019.101554

Wei, Shang - Jin. (2001). Does Corruption Relieve Foreign Investors of the Burden of Taxes and Capital Controls? In J. R. Hines Jr. (Ed.), International Taxation and Multinational Activity (pp. 73–87). University of Chicago Press.

Wei, Shang - Jin, & Wu, Y. (2002). Negative alchemy? : Corruption, composition of capital flows, and currency crises. In S. Edwards & J. Frankel (Eds.), Preventing Currency Crises in Emerging Markets (pp. 461–501). University of Chicago Press.

670 

 

Wei, Shang-Jin. (2000a). How Taxing is Corruption on International Investors? Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465300558533

Wei, Shang-Jin. (2000b). Natural openness and good government (Working Paper No. 7765). National bureau of economic research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w7765

Wei, Shang-Jin. (2001). Corruption in Economic Development: Grease or Sand? (Economic Survey of Europe No. 2, pp. 101–112). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.

Wei, Shang‐jin. (2001). Domestic Crony Capitalism and International Fickle Capital: Is There a Connection? International Finance, 4(1), 15–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2362.00064

Wei, Shang-Jin, & Zeckhauser, R. (1999). Dark deals and dampened destinies: Corruption and economic performance. Japan and the World Economy, 11(3), 443–454.

Wei, SJ. (2000). Local corruption and global capital flows. Brookings Papers On Economic Activity, 2, 303–354.

Weihua Su, Dongcai Zhang, Chonghui Zhang, Josef Abrhám, Mihaela Simionescu, Natalya Yaroshevich, & Valentina Guseva. (2018). Determinants of foreign direct investment in the Visegrad group countries after the EU enlargement. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 24(5). https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2018.5487

Weill, L. (2011). Does corruption hamper bank lending? Macro and micro evidence. Empirical Economics, 41(1), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-010-0393-4

Weill, L. (2012). How Corruption Affects Bank Lending in Russia. Economic Systems, 35(2), 230–243.

Weinograd, C. B. (2010). Clarifying grease: Mitigating the threat of overdeterrence by defining the scope of the routine governmental action exception. Virginia Journal of International Law, 50(2), 509–549.

Weinthal, E., & Luong, P. J. (2006). Combating the Resource Curse: An Alternative Solution to Managing Mineral Wealth. Perspectives on Politics, 4(1), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592706060051

Weintraub, E. L. (2004). Perspectives on Corruption. Election Law Journal, 3(2), 354–359. https://doi.org/10.1089/153312904322907937

Weisel, O., & Shalvi, S. (2015). The collaborative roots of corruption. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of Ame; Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A., 112(34), 10651–10656. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423035112

671 

 

Weiser, S. (1997). Dealing with corruption: Effectiveness of existing regimes on doing business. American Society of International Law. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, 99–115.

Weismann, M. (2009). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: The Failure of the Self-Regulatory Model of Corporate Governance in the Global Business Environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(4), 615–661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9966-y

Weismann, M. F., Buscaglia, C. A., & Peterson, J. (2014). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Why It Fails to Deter Bribery as a Global Market Entry Strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 123(4), 591.

Weiss, D. (2009). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, SEC Disgorgement or Profits, and the Evolving International Bribery Regime: Weighing Proportionality, Retribution, and Deterrence. Michigan Journal of International Law, 30(2), 471–514.

Weissman, A. (2010). Restoring Balance: Proposed Amendments to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform.

Weitz, J. (2011). The Devil is in the Details: 18 U.S.C. § 666 After Skilling v. United States. 14, 805–805.

Weitzel, U., & Berns, S. (2006). Cross-border takeovers, corruption, and related aspects of governance. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 786–806.

Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2008). The Local Connection: Local Government Performance and Satisfaction With Democracy in Argentina. Comparative Political Studies, 41(3), 285.

Weitz‐shapiro, R. (2012). What Wins Votes: Why Some Politicians Opt Out of Clientelism. American Journal of Political Science, 56(3), 568–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00578.x

Weitz-Shapiro, R., & Winters, M. (2017). Can Citizens Discern? Information Credibility, Political Sophistication, and the Punishment of Corruption in Brazil. The Journal of Politics, 79(1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.1086/687287

Welch, A. (n.d.). Of Worms and woodpeckers: Governance & corruption in East and Southeast Asian higher education. Studies in Higher Education (Dorchester-on-Thames), ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1823643

Welch, S., & Hibbing, J. R. (1997). The Effects of Charges of Corruption on Voting Behavior in Congressional Elections, 1982-1990. The Journal of Politics, 59(1), 226–239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2998224

Wellalage, N. H., Fernandez, V., & Thrikawala, S. (2020). Corruption and innovation in private firms: Does gender matter? International Review of Financial Analysis, 70, 101500-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101500

672 

 

Wellalage, N., Locke, S., & Samujh, H. (2018). Corruption, Gender and Credit Constraints: Evidence from South Asian SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3793-6

Wellan, J. M. (2004). From individual deviance to collective corruption: A social influence model of the spread of deviance in organisations. In C. Bailey, D. Cabrera, & L. Buys (Eds.), QUT Business School; Centre for Social Change Research. Queensland University of Technology. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/649/

Wells, J. (2014). Corruption and collusion in construction a view from the industry. In T. Soreide & A. Williams (Eds.), Corruption, Grabbing and Development. Edward Elgar.

Welsch, H. (2004). Corruption, growth, and the environment: A cross-country analysis. Environment and Development Economics, 9(5), 663–693. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X04001500

Welsch, H. (2008). The welfare costs of corruption. Applied Economics, 40(14), 1839–1849. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840600905225

Wen, S. (2013). The Achilles heel that hobbles the Asian giant: The legal and cultural impediments to antibribery initiatives in China. American Business Law Journal, 50(3), 483–541.

Wendland, K., Lewis, D., & Alix-Garcia, J. (2014). The Effect of Decentralized Governance on Timber Extraction in European Russia. Environmental & Resource Economics, 57(1), 19–40.

Weng, W. W., Woo, C. K., Cheng, Y. S., Ho, T., & Horowitz, I. (2015). Public trust and corruption perception: Disaster relief. Applied Economics, 47(46), 4967–4981. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1039703

Werb, D., Wagner, K. D., Beletsky, L., Gonzalez-Zuniga, P., Rangel, G., & Strathdee, S. A. (2015). Police bribery and access to methadone maintenance therapy within the context of drug policy reform in Tijuana, Mexico. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 148(Journal Article), 221–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.011

Werlin, H. (1994). Revisiting corruption: With a new definition. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 60(4), 547.

Werlin, H. (2013). Understanding international corruption and what to do about it. Challenge : The Magazine of Economic Affairs, 56(3), 53–73.

Werlin, H. H. (2002). Secondary corruption: The concept of political illness. The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, 27(3), 341.

Werner, A., Rabl, T., & Best, H. (2019). Managers’ Corruption Prevention Efforts in Small and

673 

 

Medium‐Sized Enterprises: An Exploration of Determinants. European Management Review, 16(3), 741–759. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12165

Werner, C. (2000). Gifts, bribes, and development in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan. Human Organization, 59(1), 11–22.

Wesberry, J. P., Jr. (1998). International financial institutions face the corruption eruption: If the IFIs put their muscle and money where their mouth is, the corruption eruption may be capped.(International Financing Institutions)(A Review of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on Its Twentieth Anniversary: Its Appliction, Defense and International Aftermath). Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 18(2), 498–523.

Wescott, C. G. (2003). E‐Government to Combat Corruption in the Asia‐pacific region [Working Paper].

Wescott, Clay. (2003). Combating Corruption in Southeast Asia. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 237–269). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0010

Wescott, Clay, & Migliorisi, S. (2011). A review of World Bank support for accountability institutions in the context of governance and anticorruption (No. 66755; pp. 1–78). World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/01/15797550/review-world-bank-support-accountability-institutions-context-governance-anticorruption

Wescott, Clayg. (2001). E‐Government in the Asia‐pacific region. Asian Journal of Political Science, 9(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370108434189

West, J., & Bowman, J. (2020). Whistleblowing Policies in American States: A Nationwide Analysis. American Review of Public Administration, 50(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074019885629

Westbrook, A. (2016). Does the Buck Stop Here? Board Responsibility for FCPA Compliance (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2928971). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2928971

Westbrook, A. D. (2011). Enthusiastic enforcement, informal legislation: The unruly expansion of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Georgia Law Review, 45(2), 489–577.

Westbrook, A. D. (2012). Double Trouble: Collateral Shareholder Litigation Following Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Investigations. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1217–1485.

Westbrook, A. D. (2017). Does the buck stop here? Board responsibility for FCPA compliance. The University of Toledo Law Review, 48(3), 518.

Wetter, G. J. (1994). Issues of Corruption before International Arbitral Tribunals: The Authentic

674 

 

Text and True Meaning of Judge Gunnar Lagergren’s 1963 Award in ICC Case No. 1110. Arbitration International, 10, 277–294.

Weyland, K. (1990). The Politics of Corruption in Contemporary Latin America. Journal of Democracy, 9(2), 108–121.

Wheeler, D., & Mody, A. (1992). International investment location decisions: The case of U.S. firms. Journal of International Economics, 33, 57–76.

Whitaker, C. N. (1992). Federal Prosecution of State and Local Bribery: Inappropriate Tools and the Need for a Structured Approach. Virginia Law Review, 78(7), 1617–1654. https://doi.org/10.2307/1073355

White, A. (2006). The Paradox of Corruption as Antithesis to Economic Development: Does Corruption Undermine Economic Development in China and Indonesia and Why Are the Experiences Different in Each Country? Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal APL & PJ, 8, 1-.

White, B. T. (2009). Rotten to the Core: Project Capture and the Failure of Judicial Reform in Mongolia. East Asia Law Review, 4, 209–277.

White, B. T. (2010). Putting aside the rule of law myth: Corruption and the case for juries in emerging democracies. Cornell International Law Journal, 43(2), 307–363.

White, S. (2014). Footprints in the sand: Regulating conflict of interest at EU level. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach (pp. 272–287). Edward Elgar.

Wibowo, R. (2018). When anti-corruption norms lead to undesirable results: Learning from the Indonesian experience. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(3), 383–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9737-8

Widmalm, S. (2005). Explaining Corruption at the Village and Individual Level in India: Findings from a Study of the Panchayati Raj Reforms. Asian Survey, 45(5), 756–776. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2005.45.5.756

Widmalm, S. (2008). Decentralisation, corruption and social capital: From India to the West. SAGE Publications.

Widoyoko, D. (2007). Tackling Corruption to Improve Housing Services in Indonesia. World Bank.

Wiehen, M., & Mohn, C. (1998). The Integrity Pact: A Way Out of the Trap. Economic Perspectives, 3(5), 27–29.

Wieneke, A., & Gries, T. (2011). SME performance in transition economies: The financial

675 

 

regulation and firm-level corruption nexus. Journal of Comparative Economics, 39(2), 221–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2010.09.001

Wiens, D. (2014). Natural resources and institutional development. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 26(2), 197–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629813493835

Wierzynska, A., Steingrüber, S., Oroxom, R., & Bauhoff, S. (2020). Recalibrating the anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability formula to advance public health. Global Health Action, 13(sup1), 1701327. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1701327

Wigley, S. (2003). Parliamentary Immunity: Protecting Democracy or Protecting Corruption? Journal of Political Philosophy, 11(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9760.00165

Wiig, A., & Kolstad, I. (2010). Multinational corporations and host country institutions: A case study of CSR activities in Angola. International Business Review, 19(2), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2009.11.006

Wijayati, N., Hermes, N., & Holzhacker, R. (2015). Corporate governance and corruption: A comparative study of Southeast Asia. In Decentralization and Governance in Indonesia (Vol. 2). Springer.

Wilhelm, P. (2002). International Validation of the Corruption Perceptions Index: Implications for Business Ethics and Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(3), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013882225402

Wilkinson, P. (2006). Reporting on Countering Corruption. In B. Errath (Ed.), Bussiness Against Corruption: Case Stories and Examples (pp. 96–107). United Nations Global Compact OFfice.

Willett, S. (2009). Defence Expenditures, Arms Procurement and Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa. Review of African Political Economy, 36(121), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240903210754

Williams, A. R. (2015). An inside job: Using in-court sting operations to uncover corruption in an inadequate self-regulating system. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 28(3), 969–988.

Williams, Aled, & Dupuy, K. (2017). Deciding over nature: Corruption and environmental impact assessments. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 65, 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2017.05.002

Williams, Andrew. (2009). On the release of information by governments: Causes and consequences. Journal of Development Economics, 89(1), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.08.001

676 

 

Williams, Andrew. (2011). Shining a Light on the Resource Curse: An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Natural Resources, Transparency, and Economic Growth. World Development, 39(4), 490–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.08.015

Williams, Andrew, & Siddique, A. (2008). The use (and abuse) of governance indicators in economics: A review. Economics of Governance, 9(2), 131–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0025-9

Williams, C., & Bezeredi, S. (2017). Evaluating The Use Of Personal Connections To Bypass Formal Procedures: A Study Of Vrski In Republic Of Macedonia. UTMS Journal of Economics, 8(2), 169–182.

Williams, C. C. (2015a). Evaluating cross-national variations in envelope wage payments in East-Central Europe. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 36(2), 283.

Williams, C. C. (2015b). Explaining cross-national variations in the informalisation of employment: Some lessons from Central and Eastern Europe. European Societies, Journal Article, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2015.1051073

Williams, C. C. (2015c). Tackling informal employment in developing and transition economies: A critical evaluation of the neo-liberal approach. Int.J.of Business and Globalisation, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2015.068619

Williams, C. C., Martinez-Perez, A., & Kedir, A. (2016). Does bribery have a negative impact on firm performance? A firm-level analysis across 132 developing countries. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 22(3), 398–415.

Williams, C., & Yang, J. (2017). Evaluating The Use Of Personal Networks To Circumvent Formal Processes: A Case Study Of Vruzki In Bulgaria. South East European Journal of Economics and Business (Online), 12(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1515/jeb-2017-0006

Williams, G. H. (1990). Good government by prosecutorial decree: The use and abuse of mail fraud. Arizona Law Review, 32(1), 137–171.

Williams, H. (2002). Core Factors of Police Corruption Across the World. In Forum on Crime and Society Vol. 2, No. 1, Dec. 2002 (pp. 85–99). United Nations.

Williams, J., & Beare, M. (1999). The business of bribery: Globalization, economic liberalization, and the “problem” of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 32(2), 115–146. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008375930680

Williams, M. (2017). The Political Economy of Unfinished Development Projects: Corruption, Clientelism, or Collective Choice? The American Political Science Review, 111(4), 705–723. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055417000351

Williams, R. (1999). New concepts for old? Third World Quarterly, 20(3), 503–513.

677 

 

https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599913659

Williams, R., & Doig, A. (2004). A Good Idea Gone Wrong? Anti-Corruption Commissions in the Twenty-First Century. CMI.

Williams, R. E. (2011). From Malabo to Malibu: Addressing Corruption and Human Rights Abuse in an African Petrostate. Human Rights Quarterly, 33(3), 620–648.

Williams, R., Professor. (2000). Party Finance and Political Corruption.

Williams, S. (2007). The Debarment of Corrupt Contractors From World Bank-Financed Contracts. Public Contract Law Journal, 36(3), 277–306.

Williams, T. (2017). A Formal Exercise of Governmental Corruption: Applying the “Stream Of Benefits” Theory to the Federal Bribery Statute; Mcdonnell v. United States. University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review, 40(1), 186.

Williams-Elegbe, S. (2020). The implications of negotiated settlements for debarment in public procurement: A preliminary enquiry. Negotiated Settlements in Bribery Cases. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788970402/9781788970402.00012.xml

Wilsher, D. (2006). Inexplicable wealth and illicit enrichment of public officials: A model draft that respects human rights in corruption cases. Crime, Law and Social Change, 45(1), 27–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-006-9016-6

Wilson, B. M. (2014). Costa Rica’s Anti-Corruption Trajectory: Strengths and Limitations (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2479419). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2479419

Wilson, J. K., & Damania, R. (2005). Corruption, political competition and environmental policy. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 49(3), 516–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2004.06.004

Wilson, N. N. (2014). Pushing the limits of jurisdiction over foreign actors under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Washington University Law Review, 91(4), 1063.

Wiltermuth, S. S. (2011). Cheating more when the spoils are split. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.10.001

Windsor, D. (2019). Influencing MNC Strategies for Managing Corruption and Favoritism in Pacific Asia Countries: A Multiple-Theory Configurational Perspective. Asia Pacific Business Review, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2019.1589769

Windsor, D., & Getz, K. A. (2000). Multilateral cooperation to combat corruption: Normative regimes despite mixed motives and diverse values. Cornell International Law Journal,

678 

 

33(3), 731.

Wines, W., & Napier, N. (1992). Toward an understanding of cross-cultural ethics: A tentative model. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(11), 831–841. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00872361

Wing Lo, T. (1993). The Politics of Social Censure: Corruption and Bourgeois Liberation in Communist China. Social & Legal Studies, 2(2), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/096466399300200204

Winter, B., & Winter, B. (2017, April 13). Brazil’s Never-Ending Corruption Crisis. Foreign Affairs, May/June 2017. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/brazil/2017-04-13/brazil-s-never-ending-corruption-crisis

Winters, J. A. (2002). Criminal Debt. In J. Pincus & J. A. Winters (Eds.), Reinventing the World Bank. Cornell University Press.

Winters, L. A. (2004). Trade Liberalization and Economic Performance: An Overview. Economic Journal, 114(493), F4–F21.

Winters, M. S. (2010). Choosing to Target: What Types of Countries Get Different Types of World Bank Projects. World Politics, 62(3), 422–458.

Winters, M. S. (2014). Targeting, Accountability and Capture in Development Projects. International Studies Quarterly, 58(2), 393–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12075

Winters, M. S., & Martinez, G. (2015). The Role of Governance in Determining Foreign Aid Flow Composition. World Development, 66(Journal Article), 516–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.09.020

Winters, M. S., & Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2015). Political corruption and partisan engagement: Evidence from Brazil/Corrupcao politica e engajamento partidario: Evidencias do Brasil. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 7(1), 45.

Winters, M. S., & Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2016). Who’s in Charge Here? Direct and Indirect Accusations and Voter Punishment of Corruption. Political Research Quarterly, 69(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912916634897

Winters, M., & Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2013). Lacking Information or Condoning Corruption? When Will Voters Support Corrupt Politicians? Comparative Politics, 45(4), 1.

Wirl, F. (1998). Socio-economic typologies of bureaucratic corruption and implications. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 8(2), 199–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001910050062

Wiseman, T. (2013). U.S. Shadow Economies: A State-Level Study. Constitutional Political Economy, 24, 310–335. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2208637

679 

 

Wiseman, T. (2015). Entrepreneurship, corruption, and the size of US underground economies. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 4(3), 313.

Witesman, E. M., & Wise, C. R. (2009). The Centralization/Decentralization Paradox in Civil Service Reform: How Government Structure Affects Democratic Training of Civil Servants. Public Administration Review, 69(1), 116–127. JSTOR.

Witsoe, J. (2012). Everyday Corruption and the Political Mediation of the Indian State: An Ethnographic Exploration of Brokers in Bihar. Economic and Political Weekly, 47(6), 47–54.

Witten, R. M., Parker, K. A., Holtmeier, J., & Koffer, T. J. (2009). Prescriptions for Compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Identifying Bribery Risks and Implementing Anti-Bribery Controls in Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Companies. The Business Lawyer, 64(3), 691–737.

Wolf, M. L. (2014). The Case for an International Anti-Corruption Court | Brookings Institution. Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-case-for-an-international-anti-corruption-court/

Wolf, M. L. (2018). The World Needs an International Anti-Corruption Court. Daedalus, 147(3), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00507

Wolf, S. (2010). Assessing Eastern Europe’s anti-corruption performance: Views from the Council of Europe, OECD, and Transparency International. Global Crime, 11(2), 99–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669134

Wolfers, J. (2006). Point Shaving: Corruption in NCAA Basketball. American Economic Review, 96(2), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282806777211757

Wong, A., & Gomes, R. (2014). Corruption in Modern-Day Africa: A Possible Remedy. Journal of Pan African Studies, 7(3), 77–114.

Wong, M. Y. (2017). Public spending, corruption, and income inequality: A comparative analysis of Asia and Latin America. International Political Science Review, 38(3), 298–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512116642617

Wong, W. (2020). Optimal Monitoring and Bureaucratic Adjustment.

Woo, J., & Heo, U. (2009). Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment Attractiveness in Asia. Asian Politics & Policy, 1(2), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-0787.2009.01113.x

Wood, A. (2017). Campaign Finance Disclosure. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 13, 1.

680 

 

Wood, J., & Antonowicz, L. (2011). Fighting Corruption in the Education Sector: Methods, Tools and Good Practices. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/anti-corruption/fighting_corruptionintheeducationsector.html

Woodall, B. (1996). Japan under Construction: Corruption, Politics, and Public Works (First Edition edition). University of California Press.

Woodin, C. M. (2012). A solution to the conflict over the appropriate unit of prosecution for 18 U.S.C. 666. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 403–427.

Woods, N. D. (2008). The Policy Consequences of Political Corruption: Evidence from State Environmental Programs *. Social Science Quarterly, 89(1), 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2008.00531.x

Woody, K. E. (2014). Securities Laws as Foreign Policy. Nev. LJ, 15, 297.

Woody, K. E. (2016). No Smoke and No Fire: The Rise of Internal Controls Absent Anti-Bribery Violations in FCPA Enforcement. Cardozo Law Review, Forthcoming. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2770682

Worhy, B., & McClean, T. (2015). Freedom of Information and Corruption. In Paul M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 347–358). Routledge.

Worku, T., Mendoza, J., & Wielhouwer, J. (2016). Tariff evasion in sub-Saharan Africa: The influence of corruption in importing and exporting countries. International Tax and Public Finance, 23(4), 741–761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-016-9407-2

World Bank. (1997). Helping countries combat corruption: The role of the World Bank.

World Bank. (2000). Designing an Effective Anticorruption Strategy. In Anticorruption in Transition: A Contribution to the Policy Debate. World Bank.

World Bank, Energy, Transport & Water Department. (2009). Deterring corruption and improving governance in the electricity sector: A sourcebook (Working Paper No. 46708). World Bank.

World Bank, Independent Evaluation Group. (2008). Public sector reform: What works and why? An IEG evaluation of World Bank support. World Bank.

Wotruba, T., Chonko, L., & Loe, T. (2001). The Impact of Ethics Code Familiarity on Manager Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 33(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011925009588

Wouters, J. J. P. (2018). What Makes a Good Politician? Democratic Representation, ‘Vote-Buying’ and the MLA Handbook in Nagaland, Northeast India. South Asia:

681 

 

Journal of South Asian Studies, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2018.1515056

Wouters, J., Ryngaert, C., & Cloots, A. S. (2013). The international legal framework against corruption: Achievements and challenges. (IV. Challenges A. Definition 4. The Scope of Corrupt Acts Covered by the International Anti-Corruption Instruments through V. Conclusion, with footnotes, p. 243-280). Melbourne Journal of International Law, 14(1), 243.

Wrage, A. A. (2007). Bribery and extortion: Undermining business, governments, and security. Praeger Security International.

Wrage, A., & Mandernach, K. (2006). Facilitation Payments. In B. Errath (Ed.), Business Against Corruption: Case Stories and Examples (pp. 69–79). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. http://www.ingentaconnect.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/search/article?option1=tka&value1=Business+Against+Corruption%3a+Case+Stories+and+Examples&pageSize=10&index=1

Wren-Lewis, L. (2013). Anti-Corruption Policy in Regulation and Procurement: The Role of International Actors. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 91–102). Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Wren-Lewis, L. (2015). Do Infrastructure Reforms Reduce the Effect of Corruption? Theory and Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean. The World Bank Economic Review, 29(2), 353.

Wright, B. (2010). Civilianising the ‘Blue Code’? An Examination of Attitudes to Misconduct in the Police Extended Family. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 12(3), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.190

Wright, G., & Czelusta, J. (2004). Why Economies Slow: The Myth of the Resource Curse. Challenge, 47(2), 6–38.

Wright, J. (2010). Aid Effectiveness and the Politics of Personalism. Comparative Political Studies, 43(6), 735–762. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009358674

Wright, N. (2015). Domestic vs. Foreign corrupt practices: For bribery, an international mind is more guilty.(Current Developments: 2014-2015). Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 28(3), 989–1004.

Wright, S. J., Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A., Portillo-Quintero, C., & Davies, D. (2007). Poverty and Corruption Compromise Tropical Forest Reserves. Ecological Applications, 17(5), 1259–1266.

682 

 

Wroe, A., Allen, N., & Birch, S. (2013). The role of political trust in conditioning perceptions of corruption. European Political Science Review, 5(2), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773912000094

Wrong, M. (2009). It’s our turn to eat: The story of a Kenyan whistle-blower (1st U.S. ed.). Harper.

Wrong, M. (2013). How International Actors Can Help the Media in Developing Countries Play a Stronger Role in Combating Corruption. In P. D. Carrington & L. Wren-Lewis (Eds.), Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 103–112). Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Wu, A. M., Yan, Y., & Vyas, L. (2020). Public sector innovation, e‐government, and anticorruption in China and India: Insights from civil servants. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 79(3), 370–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12439

Wu, G. (2017). Xi’s Anti-Corruption Campaign and the Increasing Uncertainty of Chinese Politics: A Framework of Analysis. Modern China Studies; Norfolk, 24(2), 95–111.

Wu, J., Li, S., & Selover, D. D. (2012). Foreign Direct Investment vs. Foreign Portfolio Investment: The Effect of the Governance Environment. Management International Review, 52(5), 643–670.

Wu, R. (2016). How do firms survive crime and corruption, on and off the record? An empirical and cross-regional examination among global developing economies. The Journal of Developing Areas, 50(4), 253–272.

Wu, R. (2018). Does Competition Lead Firms to Bribery? A Firm-Level Study in Southeast Asia. Atlantic Economic Journal, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11293-017-9566-2

Wu, R. (2019). Firm Development and Bribery: An Empirical Study from Latin America. Atlantic Economic Journal, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11293-019-09609-6

Wu, R., & Meeks, A. (2020). How does bribery affect a firm’s future growth? Empirical evidence from transition economies. Post-Communist Economies, 32(3), 409–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2019.1640985

Wu, S., Li, B., Nie, Q., & Chen, C. (2017). Government expenditure, corruption and total factor productivity. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.043

Wu, S.-Y. (2006). Corruption and cross-border investment by multinational firms. Journal of Comparative Economics, 34(4), 839–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2006.08.007

Wu, W.-L. (2017). Institutional Quality and Air Pollution: International Evidence. International Journal of Business and Economics, 16(1), 49–74.

683 

 

Wu, X. (2005). Corporate Governance and Corruption: A Cross‐Country Analysis. Governance, 18(2), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2005.00271.x

Wu, X. (2009). Determinants of Bribery in Asian Firms: Evidence from the World Business Environment Survey. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9871-4

Wu, X., Chandramohan, K., & Bali, A. (2016). Corporate Governance and Bribery: Evidence from the World Business Environment Survey (pp. 219–234). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32419-7_10

Wu, Y., & Zhu, J. (2016). When Are People Unhappy? Corruption Experience, Environment, and Life Satisfaction in Mainland China. Journal Of Happiness Studies; J.Happiness Stud., 17(3), 1125–1147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9635-7

Wu, Z. Y., Wu, J. C., Lin, S. C., & Wang, C. (2014). An electronic voting mechanism for fighting bribery and coercion. JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, 40(Journal Article), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2013.09.011

Wyatt, G. (2003). Corruption, Productivity and Socialism. Kyklos, 56(2), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00218

Wyatt, T., Johnson, K., Hunter, L., George, R., & Gunter, R. (2018). Corruption and Wildlife Trafficking: Three Case Studies Involving Asia. Asian Journal of Criminology, 13(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-017-9255-8

Wysmułek, I. (2016). What Can the Government Do about Corruption? Public Perception of Government Effectiveness. In Kazimierz Slomczynski & I. Wysmułek (Eds.), Social Inequality and the Life Course. Poland’s Transformative Years 1988-2013 (pp. 69–84). IFiS Publishers.

Wysmułek, I. (2017). Corruption in schools? The scale and sources of corruption perceptions in Poland. Edukacja, 41–55.

Wysmułek, I. (2018). Europe of Uneven Data: Country Representation in International Surveys on Corruption, 1989–2017. https://doi.org/10.18061/ask.v27i1.0005

Wysmułek, I. (2019). Using public opinion surveys to evaluate corruption in Europe: Trends in the corruption items of 21 international survey projects, 1989–2017. Quality & Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00873-x

Xenakis, S., & Ivanov, K. (2017). Does Hypocrisy Matter? National Reputational Damage and British Anti-Corruption Mentoring in the Balkans. Critical Criminology, 25(3), 433–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-016-9345-4

Xerri, M., Farr-Wharton, B., Brunetto, Y., Crossan, F., & Beattie, R. (2019). Comparing the

684 

 

impact of management on public and private nurses in Bangladesh. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 32(7), 741–758. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-01-2019-0023

Xezonakis, G., Kosmidis, S., & Dahlberg, S. (2016). Can electors combat corruption?: Institutional arrangements and citizen behaviour. European Journal of Political Research, 55(1), 160–176.

Xia, H., Tan, Q., & Bai, J. (2018). Corruption and Technological Innovation in Private Small-Medium Scale Companies: Does Female Top Management Play a Role? Sustainability, 10(7), 2252. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072252

Xiang, W. (2020). Who will watch the watchers? On optimal monitoring networks. Journal of Economic Theory, 187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2020.105018

Xiao, H., Gong, T., Yu, C., Juang, W.-J., & Yuan, B. (2020). Citizens’ Confidence in Government Control of Corruption: An Empirical Analysis. Social Indicators Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02456-y

Xiao, Y., Lenzen, M., Benoît‐Norris, C., Norris, G. A., Murray, J., & Malik, A. (2018). The Corruption Footprints of Nations. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 22(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12537

Xie, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Anti-corruption, government intervention, and corporate cash holdings: Evidence from China. Economic Systems, 44(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2020.100745

Xie, X., Qi, G., & Zhu, K. (2018). Corruption and New Product Innovation: Examining Firms’ Ethical Dilemmas in Transition Economies. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3804-7

Xin, X., & Rudel, T. K. (2004). The Context for Political Corruption: A Cross‐National Analysis. Social Science Quarterly, 85(2), 294–309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0038-4941.2004.08502005.x

Xiong, H., Hou, F., Li, H., & Wang, H. (2020). Does rice farming shape audit quality: Evidence from signing auditors level analysis. Economic Modelling, 91, 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.06.013

Xu, C. (2016). Social Influence and Economic Incentives: Complements or Substitutes? The Case of Fighting Corruption [Working paper].

Xu, C. (2020). Team Inspection in the Management of Common-Pool Resources When Corruption is Present. Environmental and Resource Economics, 75(3), 553–584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-019-00399-8

685 

 

Xu, G., & Yano, G. (2017). How does anti-corruption affect corporate innovation? Evidence from recent anti-corruption efforts in China. Journal of Comparative Economics, 45(3), 498–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2016.10.001

Xu, G., Zhang, D., & Yano, G. (2017). Can corruption really function as “protection money” and “grease money”? Evidence from Chinese firms. Economic Systems, 41(4), 622–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2017.03.001

Xu, H., Dao, M., & Petkevich, A. (2018). Political Corruption and Auditor Behavior: Evidence from US Firms. European Accounting Review, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2018.1499547

Xu, H., Dao, M., & Wu, J. (2018). The effect of local political corruption on earnings quality. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-018-0758-x

Xu, X., Li, Y., Liu, X., & Gan, W. (2017). Does religion matter to corruption? Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 42, 34–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.11.005

Yackee, J. W. (2012). Investment treaties and investor corruption: An emerging defense for host states? Virginia Journal of International Law, 52(3), 723–745.

Yadav, V. (2011). Political parties, business groups, and corruption in developing countries. Oxford University Press.

Yadav, V. (2012). Legislative Institutions and Corruption in Developing Country Democracies. Comparative Political Studies, 45(8), 1027–1058. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011428596

Yadav, V. (2016). The politics of corruption in dictatorships. Cambridge University Press.

Yair, O., Sulitzeanu-Kenan, R., & Dotan, Y. (2020). Can Institutions Make Voters Care about Corruption? The Journal of Politics, 000–000. https://doi.org/10.1086/708504

Yakovlev, A., Tkachenko, A., & Rodionova, Y. (2020). Who Is Inclined to Hide the Truth: Evidence from Public Procurement. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(13), 1109–1120. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1665683

Yakovlev, E., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2013). The Unequal Enforcement of Liberalization: Evidence from Russia’s Reform of Business Regulation. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11(4), 808–838. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeea.12026

Yakubu, I. N. (2019). Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of bank profitability in Ghana? Cogent Economics & Finance, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1701909

Yamamura, E. (2013). Public sector corruption and the probability of technological disasters.

686 

 

Economics of Governance, 14(3), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-013-0125-2

Yamamura, E. (2014a). Corruption and perceived risk a case of the 2011 Fukushima disaster. International Journal of Social Economics, 41(11), 1156–1170.

Yamamura, E. (2014b). Impact of natural disaster on public sector corruption. Public Choice, 161(3), 385–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-014-0154-6

Yamamura, E., Andrés, A., & Katsaiti, M. (2012). Does Corruption Affect suicide? Econometric Evidence from OECD Countries. Atlantic Economic Journal, 40(2), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11293-012-9313-7

Yamarik, S., & Redmon, C. (2017). Economic Freedom and Corruption: New Cross-Country Panel Data Evidence. Journal of Private Enterprise, 32(2), 17–44.

Yan, B., & Wen, B. (2020). Income inequality, corruption and subjective well-being. Applied Economics, 52(12), 1311–1326. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1661953

Yan, J., & Oum, T. H. (2014). The effect of government corruption on the efficiency of US commercial airports. Journal of Urban Economics, 80(Journal, Electronic), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2014.01.004

Yan, Q. (2009). An institutional approach to understanding corruption in BRIC countries. Corruption in International Business, 143–161.

Yan, Z., & Liu, Y. (2016). The Competing Media Frame Study in One Country of Two System: The Case Study on Scandal of Chen Liangyu. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(1), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2016.V6.613

Yang, Dean. (2006). The economics of anti-corruption: Lessons from a widespread customs reform. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 512–545). Edward Elgar.

Yang, Dean. (2008a). Can Enforcement Backfire? Crime Displacement in the Context of Customs Reform in the Philippines. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.1.1

Yang, Dean. (2008b). Integrity for Hire: An Analysis of a Widespread Customs Reform. The Journal of Law and Economics, 51(1), 25–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/520007

Yang, Dean. (2011). Economic Gangsters: Corruption, Violence, and the Poverty of Nations. Journal of Economic Literature, 49(3), 767–770.

Yang, Deming, Lu, Z., & Luo, D. (2014). Political connections, media monitoring and long-term loans. China Journal of Accounting Research, 7(3), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2014.08.004

687 

 

Yang, K., Ma, P., & Cui, L. (2021). Subnational corruption and foreign firms’ performance: Evidence from China. Journal of Business Research, 123, 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.066

Yanguas, P., & Bukenya, B. (2016). “New” approaches confront “old” challenges in African public sector reform. Third World Quarterly, 37(1), 136–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1086635

Yaniv, G., & Siniver, E. (2016). The (honest) truth about rational dishonesty. Journal Of Economic Psychology; J.Econ.Psychol., 53(Journal Article), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2016.01.002

Yao, S. (2002). Privilege and Corruption: The Problems of China’s Socialist Market Economy. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 61(1), 279–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/1536-7150.00160

Yao, Y., Martek, I., Hosseini, M., & Chen, C. (2018). Demographic Variables of Corruption in the Chinese Construction Industry: Association Rule Analysis of Conviction Records. Science and Engineering Ethics, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-018-0024-6

Yap, O. F. (2013). When do Citizens Demand Punishment of Corruption? Australian Journal of Political Science, 48(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2012.760525

Yap, O. F. (2014). Citizens’ Response to Government Corruption: Experimental Evidence from Australia, Singapore, and the United States [Working Paper]. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2455174

Yarrington, D. (2019). Public Opinion and Modernity in Venezuela’s Anti-Corruption Trials, 1945–8. Journal of Latin American Studies, 51(1), 59–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X18000640

Yates, A., & Graycar, A. (2018). Death by a Thousand Cuts: Recognizing, Reporting, and Responding to Corruption in Local Government. Public Integrity, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1534924

Yavaş, C. (1998). A Comment on “Corruption by Design.” Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 14(1), 174–179.

Yavas, C. (2007). The Ghost of Corruption. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.1619

Ybarra, B. (2016). Territorial Jurisdiction Reach Of The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act As Applied To The Anti-Bribery Provision. Houston Business and Tax Law Journal, 17, 97–97.

Yeboah-Assiamah, E. (2017). ‘Strong Personalities’ and ‘Strong Institutions’ Mediated by a

688 

 

‘Strong Third Force’: Thinking ‘Systems’ in Corruption Control. Public Organization Review, 17(4), 545–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-016-0351-5

Yeboah-Assiamah, E., & Alesu-Dordzi, S. (2016). The calculus of corruption: A paradox of “strong” corruption amidst “strong” systems and institutions in developing administrative systems. Journal of Public Affairs, 16(2), 203.

Yeboah-Assiamah, E., Asamoah, K., Bawole, J. N., & Musah-Surugu, I. J. (2016). A socio-cultural approach to public sector corruption in Africa: Key pointers for reflection: Sociology of corruption. Journal of Public Affairs, 16(3), 279–293. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1587

Yeh, S. S. (2021). APUNCAC and the International Anti-Corruption Court (IACC). Laws, 10(1), 1-. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws10010001

Yeo, Y. (2016). Complementing the local discipline inspection commissions of the CCP: empowerment of the central inspection groups. Journal of Contemporary China, 25(97), 59.

Yerrabati, S., & Hawkes, D. D. (2016). Institutions and Investment in the South and East Asia and Pacific Region: Evidence from Meta-Analysis. Economics-The Open Access Open-Assessment E-Journal; Economics, 10(Journal Article). https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2016-11

Yevseiev, S., Rayevnyeva, O., Ponomarenko, V., & Milov, O. (2020). Development of methodological principles for the construction of a corporate information-educational system of innovative-active university in the framework of anti-corruption activities. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5(2 (107)), 6–28. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.214895

Yi, F., Gao, Z., & Zhang, H. H. (2018). What leads to official corruption in China? A politico-economic analysis of economic opportunities and government corruption across China’s provinces. Post-Communist Economies, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2018.1442055

Yi, J., Teng, D., & Meng, S. (2018). Foreign ownership and Bribery: Agency and Institutional Perspectives. International Business Review, 27, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2017.05.001

Ying, Q., & Liu, J. (2017). Anti-corruption campaign in China: Good news or bad news for firm value? Applied Economics Letters, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1406651

Ying, S. (2004). Regime and Curbing Corruption. China Review, 4(2), 99–128.

Yingling, P. M., & Arafa, M. A. (2013). After the Revolution: Egypt’s Changing Forms of

689 

 

Corruption. 2, 23–62.

Yılmaz, G., & Soyaltın, D. (2014). Zooming into the ‘Domestic’ in Europeanization: Promotion of Fight against Corruption and Minority Rights in Turkey. Journal of Balkan & Near Eastern Studies, 16(1), 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2013.864181

Yockey, J. W. (2011). Solicitation, extortion, and the FCPA. Notre Dame Law Review, 87(2), 781.

Yockey, J. W. (2012). FCPA Settlement, Internal Strife, and the “Culture of Compliance.” Wisconsin Law Review, 2, 689–716.

Yockey, J. W. (2013). Choosing governance in the FCPA reform debate. The Journal of Corporation Law, 38(2), 325.

Yolles, M., & Fink, G. (2014). Personality, pathology and mindsets: Part 3-pathologies and corruption. KYBERNETES, 43(1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-12-2013-0260

Yolles, Maurice. (2019). Governance through political bureaucracy: An agency approach. Kybernetes, 48(1), 7–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-09-2017-0329

Yoo, S. (2008). Petty corruption. Economic Theory, 37(2), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-007-0299-3

Yoo, S. H., & Institute of Economic Research, K. U. (2014). Competition, Corruption and Institutional Design [Discussion Paper Series / Institute of Economic Research, Korea University].

You, J., & Nie, H. (2017). Who determines Chinese firms’ engagement in corruption: Themselves or neighbors? China Economic Review, 43, 29–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2017.01.002

You, J.-S. (2014). Land Reform, Inequality, and Corruption—A Comparative Historical Study of Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines. The Korean Journal of International Studies, 191–224.

You, J.-S., & Khagram, S. (2005). A comparative study of inequality and corruption. American Sociological Review, 70(1), 136.

Young, S. N. M. (2009). Why civil actions against corruption? Journal of Financial Crime, 16(2), 144–159. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790910951821

Young, S. N. M. (2013). Prosecuting bribery in Hong Kong’s human rights environment. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 267–292). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A022

Younsi, M., Khemili, H., & Bechtini, M. (2019). Does foreign aid help alleviate income

690 

 

inequality? New evidence from African countries. International Journal of Social Economics, 46(4), 549–561. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-06-2018-0319

Yu, C., Chen, C.-M., Hu, L.-T., & Juang, W.-J. (2009). Evolving Perceptions of Government Integrity and Changing Anticorruption Measures in Taiwan. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge.

Yu, C., Chen, C.-M., Juang, W.-J., & Hu, L.-T. (2008). Does democracy breed integrity? Corruption in Taiwan during the democratic transformation period. Crime, Law and Social Change, 49(3), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-007-9093-1

Yu, C., Chen, C.-M., & Lin, M.-W. (2013). Corruption Perception in Taiwan: Reflections upon a bottom-up citizen perspective. Journal of Contemporary China, 22(79), 56–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2012.716944

Yu, F., Guo, Y., Lettic, F., & Barnes, S. (2019). Regional Anti‐Corruption Effort, Political Connections and Firm Innovation Effort: Evidence from China. Bulletin of Economic Research, 71(1), 18–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12146

Yu, K.-H., Kang, S.-D., & Rhodes, C. (2018). The Partial Organization of Networked Corruption. Business & Society, 59(7), 1377–1409. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650318775024

Yu, L. (Tommy). (2017). Using Technology to Enhance Government Transparency and Counter Corruption. Chicago Policy Review (Online).

Yukins, C. R. (2007). Integrating Integrity and Procurement: The United Nations Convention Against Corruption and the Uncitral Model Produrement Law. Public Contract Law Journal, 36(3), 307–329.

Yunan, Z. Y., & Andini, A. (2018). Corruption, Poverty, and Economic Growth (Causality Studies among Asean Countries). JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan, 11(2), 413–428. https://doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v11i2.16061

Yurchenko, А. В. (2019). E-Governance as an effective mechanism for preventing political corruption. Granì, 22(4), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.15421/171946

Yusuf, M., Malarvizhi, C. A., Huda Mazumder, M. N., & Su, Z. (2014). Corruption, Poverty, and Economic Growth Relationship in the Nigerian Economy. Journal of Developing Areas, 48(3), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2014.0042

Zabyelina, Y. (2020). The Long Arm of Anti‐corruption: Extraterritoriality and Anti‐corruption Targeted Sanctions. Global Policy, 11(4), 535–540. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12850

691 

 

Zabyelina, Y., & Arsovska, J. (2013). Rediscovering corruption’s other side: Bribing for peace in post-conflict Kosovo and Chechnya. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9446-x

Zaciu, A. (2012). The Prohibition of Corruption Acts—Envisaging the Emergence of a New International Human Rights Law Norm (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2280056). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2280056

Zagainova, A. (2007). Challenges of anti-corruption policies in post-communist countries. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and Development: The Anti-Corruption Campaigns (pp. 138–154). Palgrave Macmillan.

Zagaris, B. (1999). The emergence of an international enforcement regime on transnational corruption in the Americas. Law and Policy in International Business, 30, 53–93.

Zaheer, S. (2015). Brazil’s landmark Clean Company Act: Comparison to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and issues.(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Pacific McGeorge Global Business & Development Law Journal, 28(2), 457–483.

Zaidan, M. A. (2016). The Policy Of Granting Remission To Corruption Inmates In Order To Eradicate Corruption In Indonesia. Journal of Dinamika Hukum, 16(1), 106–111.

Zakaria, M. (2009). Openness and corruption: A time-series analysis. Zagreb International Review of Economics &, 12(2), 1–14.

Zakaria, P. (2016). The Influence of Socioeconomic Trends and Experiences on Individual Perception of Corruption: The Case of Croatia. Public Integrity, 18(4), 419–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1172929

Zakharov, N. (2019). Asymmetric oil price shocks, tax revenues, and the resource curse. Economics Letters, 108515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2019.06.021

Zaki, C. (2012). Trade Facilitation and Corruption: A CGE Model of Egypt (Article). The Journal of North African Studies.

Zaloznaya, M. (2012). Organizational cultures as agents of differential association: Explaining the variation in bribery practices in Ukrainian universities. Crime, Law and Social Change, 58(3), 295–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-012-9386-x

Zaloznaya, M. (2013). Beyond Anti-Corruptionism: Sociological Imagination and Comparative Study of Corruption*. Comparative Sociology, 12(5), 705–751. https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341281

Zaloznaya, M. (2014). The Social Psychology of Corruption: Why It Does Not Exist and Why It Should. Sociology Compass, 8(2), 187.

692 

 

Zaloznaya, M. (2015). Does Authoritarianism Breed Corruption? Reconsidering the Relationship Between Authoritarian Governance and Corrupt Exchanges in Bureaucracies. Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation, 40(2), 345–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12076

Zaloznaya, M. (2017). The politics of bureaucratic corruption in post-transitional Eastern Europe. Cambridge University Press.

Zaloznaya, M., & Reisinger, W. (2020). Mechanisms of Decoupling from Global Regimes: The Case of Anti-Corruption Reforms in Russia and Ukraine. Demokratizatsiya, 28(1), 77–111.

Zaloznaya, M., Reisinger, W. M., & Claypool, V. H. (2018). When civil engagement is part of the problem: Flawed anti-corruptionism in Russia and Ukraine. Communist and Post-Communist Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2018.06.003

Zaman, A. & Faiz-Ur-Rahim. (2009). Corruption: Measuring the unmeasurable. Humanomics, 25(2), 117–126.

Zaman, G., & Ionescu, L. (2014). The Impact of International Economic Crises on Corruption in Romania. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 48(1), 65–80.

Zaman, G., & Ionescu, L. (2016). Fighting Corruption Generated By Accounting. Case Study Romania. Economic Computation And Economic Cybernetics Studies And Research, 50(2), 247–261.

Zamboni, Y., & Litschig, S. (2018). Audit risk and rent extraction: Evidence from a randomized evaluation in Brazil. Journal of Development Economics, 134, 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.03.008

Zamudio-González, L. (2020). Hybrid Anticorruption Agencies. In L. Zamudio-González (Ed.), International Intervention Instruments against Corruption in Central America (pp. 19–43). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40878-7_2

Zarb, B. J. (2007). Do credible financial reporting and government intervention play a role in preventing corruption? A preliminary investigation of the European Union.(Statistical table). Journal of International Business and Economics, 7(1), 149.

Zasimova, L. (2016). The use of medical care and out-of-pocket payments in Russia. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 44(5), 440–445. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494816638193

Zaum, D. (2016). Political economies of corruption in fragile and conflict-affected states: Nuancing the picture.

693 

 

http://www.u4.no/publications/political-economies-of-corruption-in-fragile-and-conflict-affected-states-nuancing-the-picture/

Zausinová, J., Zoričak, M., Vološin, M., & Gazda, V. (2019). Aspects of complexity in citizen–bureaucrat corruption: An agent-based simulation model. Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11403-019-00240-x

Zazueta, I., & Cortez, W. (2015). The Impract of Political Alternation On Corruption in Mexico. Revista De Ciencia Politica; Rev.Cienc.Polit., 35(2), 371–392.

Zeaiter, H., & El-Khalil, R. (2014). Mixed Countries Methods: A Note On Corruption, Democracy, and Economic Development. Journal of Academy of Business and Economics, 14(1), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.18374/JABE-14-1.12

Zechmeister, E. J., & Zizumbo-Colunga, D. (2013). The Varying Political Toll of Concerns About Corruption in Good Versus Bad Economic Times. Comparative Political Studies, 46(10), 1190–1218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012472468

Zekos, G. I. (2004). Ethics versus corruption in globalization. Journal of Management Development, 23(7), 631–647.

Zelekha, Y., & Bar-Efrat, O. (2011). Crime, Terror and Corruption and Their Effect on Private Investment in Israel. Open Economies Review, 22(4), 635–648.

Zelekha, Y., & Sharabi, E. (2012). Corruption, institutions and trade. Economics of Governance, 13(2), 169–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-012-0109-7

Zemfira M Kazachkova & Elena B Kozlova. (2020). Monitoring as a Tool for Improvement of Modern Regional Anti-Corruption Policy in Russia. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 11(1(47)), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.1(47).11

Zemlin, A. I. (2015). Topical legal aspects of corruption counteraction in public procurement. Aktualʹnye Problemy Èkonomiki i Prava, 9(1), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.21202/1993-047X.09.2015.1.238-244

Zeneli, V. (2014). The Role of Institutions and Good Governance for Attracting Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence from Southeast Europe. Business and Economics Journal, 5(2). https://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/the-role-of-institutions-and-good-governance-for-attracting-foreign-direct-investments-evidence-from-southeast-europe-2151-6259-100092.php?aid=26974

Zeneli, V. (2016). Corruption, Foreign Direct Investment, and International Marketing in the Western Balkans. Thunderbird International Business Review, 58(3), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21753

Zeng, Q. (2017). Cadre Rotation And Campaign Mobilization In China’s Anticorruption

694 

 

Enforcement. Journal Of East Asian Studies, 17(2), 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1017/jea.2016.42

Zergawu, Y. Z., Walle, Y. M., & Giménez-Gómez, J.-M. (2020). The joint impact of infrastructure and institutions on economic growth. Journal of Institutional Economics, 16(4), 481–502. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137420000016

Zerilli, F. M. (2005). Corruption, Property Restitution and Romanianness. In D. Haller & C. Shore (Eds.), Corruption: Anthropological perspectives. Pluto.

Zervos, A. (2006). Amending the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Repealing the exemption for “routine government action” payments. Penn State International Law Review, 25(1), 251–294.

Zeume, S. (2017). Bribes and Firm Value. Review of Financial Studies, 30(5), 1457–1489. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhw108

Zhan, J. V. (2017). Do Natural Resources Breed Corruption? Evidence from China. Environmental & Resource Economics, 66(2), 237–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9947-4

Zhang, A. (2012). An Examination of the Effects of Corruption on Financial Market Volatility. Journal of Emerging Market Finance, 11(3), 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972652712466501

Zhang, B., Le, Y., Xia, B., & Skitmore, M. (2017). Causes of Business-to-Government Corruption in the Tendering Process in China. Journal Of Management In Engineering, 33(2), <xocs:firstpage xmlns:xocs=""/>. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000479

Zhang, C. (2019). The Chinese Mafia. Organized Crime, Corruption, and Extra-Legal Protection. Europe - Asia Studies, 71(4), 713–714. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2019.1610288

Zhang, F., Zhang, H., & Bell, G. (2019). Corporate religiosity and individual decision on conducting entrepreneurial activity: The contingent effects of institutional environments in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09691-z

Zhang, Hongxia, Song, Y., Li, C., Liu, Q., Cui, H., Zeng, C., Wang, Z., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., & Rong, Y. (2019). Exploring the Impact of Individual Characteristics Associated with Government Officials on the Severity of Real Estate Corruption. Sustainability, 11(12), 3351. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123351

Zhang, Hongxia, Song, Y., Tan, S., Xia, S., Zhang, H., Jiang, C., Xiong, D., Cheng, G., Zhang, L., & Lv, Y. (2019). Anti-corruption efforts, public perception of corruption, and

695 

 

government credibility in the field of real estate: An empirical analysis based on twelve provinces in China. Cities, 90, 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.01.042

Zhang, Hongxian, Guo, L., & Hao, M. (2017). Corruption, governance, and public pension funds. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-017-0691-4

Zhang, N. (2015a). Anti-Corruption Efforts and Public Opinion in China: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in an Autocratic Regime [Working Paper].

Zhang, N. (2015b). Changing a ‘culture’ of corruption: Evidence from an economic experiment in Italy. 27(4), 387–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463115605475

Zhang, N. (2015c). Institutions, Culture and Blowing the Whistle on Corruption: An Experiment with Northern and Southern Italians [Working paper].

Zhang, S. X., & Pineda, S. L. (2008). Corruption as a Causal Factor in Human Trafficking. In D. Siegel & H. Nelen (Eds.), Organized Crime: Culture, Markets and Policies (pp. 41–55). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74733-0_4

Zhang, T., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. H. (2014). Morality rebooted: Exploring simple fixes to our moral bugs. Research in Organizational Behavior, 34(Journal Article), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2014.10.002

Zhang, W.-B. (2018). Corruption, governments’ debts, trade, and global growth. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 2, 27–50.

Zhang, Yahong, Jancsics, D., & Graycar, A. (2019). Introduction to PAR Symposium of Understanding and Reducing Public Corruption. Public Administration Review, 79(4), 519–522. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13086

Zhang, Yan, Cao, L., & Vaughn, M. S. (2009). Social Support and Corruption: Structural Determinants of Corruption in the World. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 42(2), 204–217. https://doi.org/10.1375/acri.42.2.204

Zhang, Y.-J., Jin, Y.-L., Chevallier, J., & Shen, B. (2016). The effect of corruption on carbon dioxide emissions in APEC countries: A panel quantile regression analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 112, 220.

Zhao, H., Zhang, H., & Xu, Y. (2016). Does the Dark Triad of Personality Predict Corrupt Intention? The Mediating Role of Belief in Good Luck. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00608

Zhao, H., Zhang, H., & Xu, Y. (2019). Effects of perceived descriptive norms on corrupt intention: The mediating role of moral disengagement. International Journal of Psychology : Journal International de Psychologie, 54(1), 93–101.

696 

 

https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12401

Zhao, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Du, J. (2003). The Impact of Corruption and Transparency on Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Analysis. MIR: Management International Review, 43(1), 41–62.

Zhao, R., Chen, J., Feng, C., & Zhong, S. (2020). The impact of anti-corruption measures on land supply and the associated implications: The case of China. Land Use Policy, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104605

Zhao, X., & Xu, H. (2015). E-government and corruption: A longitudinal analysis of countries. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(6), 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.942736

Zhe Tang. (2020). Political connection and corporate innovation: Evidence from China. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 10(3), 127–152.

Zheng, B. (2015). Bureaucratic Corruption and Economic Development (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2456895). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2456895

Zheng, B., & Xiao, J. (2020). Corruption and Investment: Theory and Evidence from China. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 175, 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.03.018

Zheng, Q., Luo, Y., & Wang, S. (2014). Moral Degradation, Business Ethics, and Corporate Social Responsibility in a Transitional Economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 120(3), 405–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1668-4

Zheng, W., Liu, L., Huang, Z., & Tan, X. (2017). Life Satisfaction as a Buffer of the Relationship Between Corruption Perception and Political Participation. Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 132(2), 907–923.

Zheng, X., Ghoul, S. E., Guedhami, O., & Kwok, C. C. Y. (2013). Collectivism and corruption in bank lending. Journal of International Business Studies, 44(4), 363–390. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1057/jibs.2013.19

Zheng, Yan, & Liao, X. (2018). The Formation Mechanism and Precision Control of Corruption in Poverty Alleviation from the Perspective of System Dynamics. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2796146

Zheng, Yueping. (2016). The impact of E-participation on corruption: A cross-country analysis. International Review of Public Administration, 21(2), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2016.1186457

697 

 

Zhong, C.-B., Bohns, V. K., & Gino, F. (2010). Good Lamps Are the Best Police. Psychological Science, 21(3), 311–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797609360754

Zhou, J. Q., & Peng, M. W. (2012). Does bribery help or hurt firm growth around the world? Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29(4), 907–921. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-011-9274-4

Zhou, Liming, Jin, Z., & Wang, Z. (2016). Who gets caught for corruption when corruption is pervasive? Evidence from China’s anti-bribery blacklist. Applied Economics Letters, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2016.1181826

Zhou, Lulin, Ampon-Wireko, S., Dauda, L., Xu, X., Opuni Antwi, M., & Larnyo, E. (2021). Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Healthcare Efficiency among Emerging Countries. Healthcare (Basel), 9(1), 31-. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010031

Zhou, M., Wang, B., & Chen, Z. (2020). Has the anti-corruption campaign decreased air pollution in China? Energy Economics, 91, 104878-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104878

Zhou, Xiaoyu, Han, Y., & Wang, R. (2013). An Empirical Investigation on Firms’ Proactive and Passive Motivation for Bribery in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(3), 461–472.

Zhou, Xuan. (2020). Research on the Influence of Anti-corruption on the Performance of the Private Enterprises. World Scientific Research Journal, 6(2), 138–154. https://doi.org/10.6911/WSRJ.202002_6(2).0016

Zhou, Y. (2007). An empirical study of the relationship between corruption and FDI: With sample selection error correction. http://citeweb.info/20071016800

Zhou, Z. (2017). Government ownership and exposure to political uncertainty: Evidence from China. Journal of Banking and Finance, 84, 152–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.08.001

Zhu, B. (2009). Economic Integration and Corruption: The Case of China [Working Paper]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.386.6763&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Zhu, B. (2017). MNCs, Rents, and Corruption: Evidence from China. American Journal of Political Science, 61(1), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12259

Zhu, J. N., & Wu, Y. P. (2014). Who pays more “tributes” to the government? Sectoral corruption of China’s private enterprises. CRIME LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE, 61(3), 309–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9504-4

Zhu, Jiangnan, Huang, H., & Zhang, D. (2019). “Big Tigers, Big Data”: Learning Social Reactions to China’s Anticorruption Campaign through Online Feedback. Public Administration Review, 79(4), 500–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12866

698 

 

Zhu, Jiangnan, & Li, H. (2020). Elite Power Competition and Corruption Investigation in China: A Case Study. Modern China, 46(3), 307–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700419845606

Zhu, Jiangnan, Lu, J., & Shi, T. (2013). When grapevine news meets mass media different information sources and popular perceptions of government corruption in mainland china. Comparative Political Studies, 46(8), 920–946.

Zhu, Jn, & Zhang, D. (2017). Weapons of the Powerful: Authoritarian Elite Competition and Politicized Anticorruption in China. Comparative Political Studies, 50(9), 1186–1220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414016672234

Zhuang, J., De Dios, E., & Lagman-Martin, A. (2010). Governance and Institutional Quality and the Links with Economic Growth and Income Inequality: With Special Reference to Developing Asia. Asian Development Bank. http://www.adb.org/publications/governance-and-institutional-quality-and-links-economic-growth-and-income-inequality

Zhuravskaya, E. V. (2000). Incentives to provide local public goods: Fiscal federalism, Russian style. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 337–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00090-0

Ziblatt, D. (2009). Shaping Democratic Practice and the Causes of Electoral Fraud: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Germany. American Political Science Review, 103(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409090042

Zimmerman, S. S., & Feriello, F. A. Jr. (2011). Coordinating the Fight against Fraud and Corruption: Agreement on Cross-Debarment among Multilateral Development Banks. In World Bank Legal Review (Vol. 3, pp. 189–204). http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/9780821388631_CH07

Zimring, F. E., & Johnson, D. T. (2007). On the comparative study of corruption. Pacific McGeorge Business & Development Law Journal, 20(2), 243–262.

Zinn, D. L. (2005). Anthropology and corruption: The state of the art. Corruption: Anthropological Perspectives, 229–242.

Zinnbauer, D. (2015). Crowdsourced Corruption Reporting: What Petrified Forests, Street Music, Bath Towels, and the Taxman Can Tell Us About the Prospects for Its Future. Policy and Internet, 7(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.84

Zinnes, C., & Bell, S. (2003). NGO growth in transition economies: A cause or effect of legal reform and donor aid? Journal of Human Rights, 2(3), 379–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475483032000133042

699 

 

Ziobrowski, A. J., Cheng, P., Boyd, J. W., & Ziobrowski, B. J. (2004). Abnormal Returns from the Common Stock Investments of the U.S. Senate. The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 39(4), 661–676.

Zipparo, L. (1998). Factors which deter public officials from reporting corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 30(3), 273–287. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008326527512

Zirker, D. (2017). Success in combating corruption in New Zealand. Asian Education and Development Studies, 6(3), 238–248.

Zirker, D., & Barrett, P. (2017). Corruption vs. corruption scandals in New Zealand: Bridging a wide Gulf? Political Science, 69(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/00323187.2017.1327798

Zisser, E. (2014). Spoils of Truce: Corruption and State-Building in Postwar Lebanon. Middle Eastern Studies, 50(1), 163.

Zitzewitz, E. (2014). Does Transparency Reduce Favoritism and Corruption? Evidence From the Reform of Figure Skating Judging. JOURNAL OF SPORTS ECONOMICS, 15(1), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002512441479

Zitzewitz, Eric. (2012). Forensic Economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(3), 731–769. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.50.3.731

Zmolnig, R. (2018). Framing corruption: How language affects norms. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(2), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9726-y

Znoj, H. (2007). Deep Corruption in Indonesia: Discourses, Practices, Histories. In Monique Nuijnd Gerhnders (Ed.), Corruption and the Secret of Law: A Legal Anthropological Perspective (pp. 53–76). United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

Zoido-Lobaton, P. J., Simon Kaufmann, Daniel. (1999). Corruption, Public Finances, and the Unofficial Economy. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2169

Zook, D. C. (2009). The Curious Case of Finland’s Clean Politics. Journal of Democracy, 20(1), 157–168.

Zou, H. (2020). Examining the Contingency Value of Certification on Regulatory Burden in a Transitional Economy. Business and Society, 59(3), 489–517. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650317726078

Zou, K. (2000). Judicial Reform versus Judicial Corruption: Recent Developments in China. Criminal Law Forum, 11(3), 323–351. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009479211354

Zouhaier, H. (2011). Corruption, Investment and Economic Growth. International Journal of Economics and Research, 02(05), 185–194.

700 

 

Zuber, F. (2015). Spread of Unethical Behavior in Organizations: A Dynamic Social Network Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics; J.Bus.Ethics, 131(1), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2270-0

Žuffová, M. (2020). Do FOI laws and open government data deliver as anti-corruption policies? Evidence from a cross-country study. Government Information Quarterly, 37(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101480

Zuleta, J. C., Leyton, A., & Ivanovic, E. F. (2007). Combating Corruption in the Revenue Service: The Case of VAT Refunds in Bolivia. In J. Edgardo Campos & S. Pradhan (Eds.), Many Faces of Corruption: Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level. Herndon, VA, USA: World Bank, The.

Zurawicki, L. (2010). Corruption and foreign direct investment: What have we learned? International Business and Economics Research Journal, 9(7), 1–9.

Zyglidopoulos, S. (2016). Toward a Theory of Second-Order Corruption. Journal of Management Inquiry, 25(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492615579914

Zyglidopoulos, S., Dieleman, M., & Hirsch, P. (2020). Playing the Game: Unpacking the Rationale for Organizational Corruption in MNCs. Journal of Management Inquiry, 29(3), 338–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492618817827

Zyglidopoulos, S., & Fleming, P. (2008). Ethical Distance in Corrupt Firms: How Do Innocent Bystanders Become Guilty Perpetrators? Journal of Business Ethics, 78(1), 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9378-4

Zyglidopoulos, S., Fleming, P., & Rothenberg, S. (2009). Rationalization, Overcompensation and the Escalation of Corruption in Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9685-4