steel clasification and weldability.docx
TRANSCRIPT
Steel Clasification and Weldability
Written by Ed CraigHome page of www.weldreality.com
ASTM Welding A403-A643 Carbon Low Alloy Steels.
Bar Plate and Pipe..
ALL ELECTRODE RECOMMENDATIONS MADE AT THIS SITE REQUIRE WELD QUALIFICATION BEFORE THE WELD CONSUMABLES ARE APPROVED.
Note: When you see high tensile weld electrodes required, this is usually an indication that pre heat interpass and post heat treatment is required for the welds
Fatigue:The ability of a metal or weld to withstand repeated loads. Fatigue failures occur at stress levels less than the metal or weld yield strength. Some things that can influence fatigue failure:
Excess weld profiles. Welds which cause undercut. FCAW or SMAW slag inclusions. Lack of weld penetration.
Excess weld heat, typically from multi-pass welds without inter-pass temp controls.
Items to a part that adds restraint while welding. Items added to a part that can concentrate stresses in a specific
location. Incorrect selection of filler metal, weld too weak or weld too strong.
When welding low and medium carbon steels, the 70XX electrodes and E70S-3-6 MIG wires and E7XT-X flux cored electrodes can be used. When welding low alloy 1 1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo and 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo with up to 0.05% max carbon, typically 8018-B2L / 9018-B3L (L = low carbon) can be used. When welding higher strength alloys or when tempering and quenching are required to attain the higher strengths the higher carbon 8018 B2 and 9018 B3 electrodes are utilized.
Steels Yield ksi MPa
Tensile ksiMPa
Description Preheat Post heat UNS Chemistry
weld data
ASTM403
Austenitic Stainless Pipe
see pipe
ASTM405 Cr Mo pipe see pipe
ASTM409
Austenitic stainless pipe see pipe
ASTM A410
pressure vessel plate E8018-C3
ASTM412grade 201 -202
Stainless plate E308
ASTM413Grade # 30. Proof Coil grade # is strength
welded steel chain general purpose , low carbon steel not recommended for over head lifts
A413Grade #
welded steel chain general
43. High Test
purpose , low carbon steel Stronger than grade 30.Not recommended for over head lifts
A413Grade # 70. Transport Binder
welded steel chain general purpose , low carbon steel heat treatedStronger than grade 43.Not recommended for over head lifts
ASTM A414A-B-C-DE-F-G
Flange and firebox sheet
All grades except G E60XXE70XXE70S-XE71T-1Grade GE7018-A1
ASTM420
Carbon stl and nickel stl pipe fittings
pre heat100 - 200F
801880S-D2
ASTM423
Low alloy tubes
pre heat 100-200F 8018W
ASTM A425
Hot rolled strip
E60XXE70XXE70S-XE71T-1
ASTMA426 Cr Mo Pipe
pre heat 100 - 600 F
see pipe
ASTM430
Austenitic stainless pipe see pipe
ASTM A434
AISI Quenched and tempered steel bars
A434-BB65-90448-620
90-110620-758
Contact Alloy Rod for special electrode T4130
A434-BC 80-110 105-130
Contact Alloy Rod for special electrode T4130
A434-BD 100-130 130-155 Preheat
250 - 350F
ASTMA440
High strength structural
E7018E70S-XE71T-1
ASTMA441
40-50 275-344
60-70 413-482
High strength low alloy structural steel used often for bridges
Preheat >25mm 100F >50mm 200F
K1211
carbon0.22Si 0.4maxMn 0.85/1.25CuV 0.2E7018E70S-XE71T-1If weathering steel unpaintedE8018-WE80T1-W
SMAW and GMAW Mechanical StrengthE6010 Minimum Yield 50,000 psi Minimum Tensile 62,000 psi.E6011 Minimum Yield 50,000 psi Minimum Tensile 62,000 psi. E7010 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi.E7018 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi.
The commom MIG E70S-3-6 wires. Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi.
Mechanical Strength of Gas Shielded Flux Cored Electrodes, reference ANS I /AWS A5.29 1198 Specification. Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
AWS Classification Tensile ksi
Tensile MPa
Yield ksi
YieldMpa
E6XTX-X-XM 60 - 80 410 - 550 50 340E7XTX-X-XM 70 - 90 480 - 620 58 400E8XTX-X-XM 80 - 100 550 - 690 68 470E9XTX-X-XM 90 - 110 620 - 760 78 540E10XTX-K9-K9M SEE SPEC 88 610
(M) means an argon mix req, 75 to 80 argon balance CO2 All DCEP
E71T-1Second number1 = all position
E70T-1Second number0 = flat and horizontal
What is Brittleness?The ease at which the weld or metal will break or crack without appreciable deformation. When a metal gets harder it becomes more brittle. Preheat, inter-pass temp controls and post heat all are designed to reduce the potential for brittleness.
How do you measure Hardness?. The hardness tester forces a small sphere (Brinell, HB), a diamond pyramid (Vickers, HV) or a cone (Rockwell C, HRC) into the surface of a metallic material. The indentation is then measured.
PRE - INTERPASS OR POST HEAT?
Many manufactures of parts and equipment containing ASTM steels will not use the recommended pre or post-heat treatments.
The requirements for weld heat considerations is greatly influenced by many factors such as the application, the governing specifications or codes, the plate conditions, plate thickness, the weld consumables the weld
procedures, the weld size and amount of welds required.
In many cases the manufacturer that uses ASTM steels will find that it's not necessary for the weld to match the mechanical properties of the steel, (its often better for the weld to have more ductility than the plate) and therefore low hydrogen, highly ductile SMAW E7018 / E70S-3-6 MIG wires or E7XT-X flux cored electrodes are used.
When using the low hydrogen electrodes, the pre and post heat treatment recommendations are frequently reduced or eliminated, however from a weld quality perspective always ensure that the weld locations are dry, the base metal is over 60 F, and that rust and mill scale is removed from the weld area.
Its beneficial for all multipass welds to not allow the multi-pass inter-pass weld temperatures to exceed 350 F.
Multipass welds will have an annealing affect on the welds and base metals and therefore the need for preheat will either be eliminated or reduced.
If you ignore the heat treat requirements as recommended by the metal specifications ensure you use low hydrogen consumables then,
(a) establish the PQR, (b) qalify both the weld and HAZ mechanical properties.
Welding alloy steels often may require unique weld or heat treat considerations. Compare the low alloy steels chemistry and mechanicals with a standard A36 steel. Remember this site is only a guide, weld responsibility starts with "you" First verify the weld consumable and then the material heat treat recommendations.
What is yield strength? The stress that can be applied to a base metal or weld without permanent deformation of the metal is the yield strength.
What is tensile strength? The ultimate tensile strength is the maximum strength that the metal or weld can withstand before failure occurs.
Metric Conversion 1000 psi = ksi x 6.894 = MPa
Steels Yield ksi MPa
Tensile ksiMPa
Description Preheat Post heat UNS Chemistry
weld data
ASTMA442-55
> 30 206
55 - 75379-517
Carbon steel pressure vessel plate CSA 300W-T350W-T 350A-T 380W HSS380WT- HSS
K02202
carbon0.22/0.24Mn 0.6/1.1Si 0.15/0.4E7018E70S-XE71T-1
ASTMA442-605
>32 220
60 - 80 413-551
Preheat>0.26 carbon>25mm 100F
K02402
carbon0.24/0.27Mn 0.6/1.1Si 0.15/0.4E7018E70S-XE71T-1
ASTM447 Stainless castings 309
ASTMA444
Galvanizedsheet
E6010E70S-3
ASTM451
Austenitic stainless pipe see pipe
ASTM452 Stainless pipe see pipe
E308
ASTMA455
<9.6mm>37
9-13mm>36
>13mm>35
<9.6mm 75-95
9-13mm 73-93
>13mm 70-90
High strength manganese steel for pressure vessel plates
preheatcarbon0.26/0.3100F
>0.3 carb 200F
K03300
carbon 0.33Si 0.10Mn 0.85/1.29E7018E70S-XE71T-1
ASTMA457
stainless plate sheet strip E347
ASTMA458 stainless bars E347
ASTMA469 low alloy forgings pre heat 100 to
400 FE8018 to E1218
ASTMA470 low alloy forgings pre heat 100 to
400 FE8018 to E1218
ASTMA473
Austenitic Stainless forgings
ASTMA477
austenitic stainless forgings E347
ASTMA479
pressure vessel austenitic stainless parts
ASTMA486
steel castings highway bridges
A486-70preheat carbon >0.2 <25mm 100F >25mm 250F
E7018E70S-XE71T-1
A486-90 E808-B2ASTMA487 other grades
Casting forpressure service
A487-2N check for pre/post heat req
E7018-A1orE8018-B2
A487-4N check for pre/post heat req
Flux coredE4130
A487-6N check for pre/post heat req
Flux coredE4130
A487-7Q check for pre/post heat req
Flux coredE4130
A487-8N check for pre/post heat req
E9018-B3E90T5-B3
A487-9N check for pre/post heat req
E9018-B3E90T5-B3
When mill scale is a problem, what MIG or flux cored weld parameter will the welder have to change and why? The solutions are in Ed's books.
STRESS RELIEVING (SR) BASIC GUIDELINES:
STRESS RELIEF - CONTROLLED HEATING & COOLING TO REDUCE STRESS.
STRESS RELIEF MACHINED PARTS FOR DIMENSIONAL STABILITY. STRESS RELIEF SLOW HEATING AND COOLING REQUIRED CONFIRM WITH CODE SPECIFICAIONS FOR STRESS RELIEF
REQUIREMENTS.
TYPICAL STRESS RELIEF SOAK TIME ONE HOUR PER INCH OF THICKNESS
SR HEAT & COOL RATE PER HOUR 400oF 204oC DIVIDE THICKER PART
PARTS OF DIFFERENT THICKNESSES SR MAX TEMP DIFFERENCE 75oF 24oC
STRESS RELIEF CARBON STEELS 1100oF 593oC TO 1250oF 677oC
STRESS RELIEF CARBON 0.5% Mo 1100oF 593oC TO 1250oF 677oC
SR 1% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC
SR 1.25 % CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC
SR 2% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC
SR 2.25 % CHROME 1% Mo 1200oF 649oC TO 1375oF 746oC
SR 5% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1200oF 649oC TO 1375oF 746oC
SR 7% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1300oF 704oC TO 1400oF 760oC
SR 9% CHROME 1% Mo 1300oF 704oC TO 1400oF 760oC
SR 12% CHROME 410 STEEL 1550oF 843oC TO 1600oF 871oC
SR 16% CHROME 430 STEEL 1400oF 760oC TO 1500oF 815oC
SR 9% NICKEL 1025oF 552oC TO 1085oF 585oC
FOR 300 SERIES STAINLESS SR WILL RESULT IN CARBIDE PRECIPITATION
WITH LOW CARBON 300 SERIES MAX SR 1050oF 566oC
SR 400 SERIES CLAD STAINLESS 1100oF 593oC TO 1350oF 732oC
SR CLAD MONEL INCONEL Cu NICKEL 1150oF 621oC TO 1200oF 649oC
STRESS RELIEF MAGNESIUM AZ31B 0 500oF 260oC 15 MIN
STRESS RELIEF MAGNESIUM AZ31B H24 300oF 149oC 60 MIN
HK31A H24 550oF 288oC 30 MIN
HM21A T8-T81 700oF 371oC 30 MIN
MAGNESIUM WITH MORE THAN 1.5% ALUMINUM STRESS RELIEF
MAGNESIUM CAST ALLOYS AM100A 500oF 260oC 60 MIN
AZ-63A 81A 91C & 92A 500oF 260oC 60 MIN
E-Mail Feb 2007. Ed what affect does flame cutting API X-80 or 550 gr. pipe have on the weld HAZ? Is 6010 a good root pass electrode for this material?
All X-80 materials are not created equal: They could be seamless quench and tempered, or DSAW TMCP plate. You can get some seamless that will have high alloy content that will produce a very hard HAZ, these alloys can be susceptable to hydrogen cracking. You need to consider minimum preheat and interpass temp controls and possibly avoid cellulosic electrodes such as 6010. The TMCP materials typically provide excellent results such as a soft HAZ from low minimum preheat.
Steels Yield ksi MPa
Tensile ksiMPa
Description Preheat Post heat UNS Chemistry
weld data
ASTMA493
Bar and Wire stainless
depends on grade
ASTMA496 Reinforcing wire 200 to 300 9018m
ASTMA500 carbon steel tube 100 -200F E70S-3
E7018
ASTMA508
Forgings pressure vessels
E7018E70S-XE71T-1
ASTMA511
austenitic stainless tubes 3xx series
ASTMA512 carbon stl tubes E70S-3
E7018ASTMA513
carbon and low alloy steel tubes 100 - 200F E70S-3
E7018
ASTMA514
> 90-100620-689
100-130689-896
Quench and tempered alloy steel plate High yields. This spec also applies toASTM A517
A514-A Known asN-A-XTRA 100 K11856
Carbon0.15/0.21Mn 0.8/1.1Si 0.4/0.8Cr 0.5/0.8Zr 0.5/0.15B 0.0025
A514-B Known asT - 1 Type A K11630
Carbon0.12/0.21Mn 1.0Si 0.2/0.35Cr 0.4/0.64MO 0.15/0.25V 0.03/0.08Ti0.01/0.03B 0.0005/0.005
A514-C Known asJALLOY-S-100
K11511 Carbon0.1/0.2Mn 1.1/1.5
Si 0.15/0.3MO 0.2/0.3 B 0.001/0.005
A514-D K11662
Carbon0.13/0.2Mn 0.4/0.7Si 0.2/0.35Cr 0.85/1.2 Mo0.15/0.25Ti 0.04/0.1Cu 0.4B 0.0015to 0.005
A514-E K21604
Carbon0.12/0.2Mn 0.4/0.7Si 0.2/0.35Cr 1.4/2.0 Mo 0.4/0.6Ti 0.04/0.1Cu 0.2/0.4B 0.0015to 0.005SSS-100
A514-F Typically Called T-1 Steel K11576
Carbon0.1/0.2Mn 0.6/1Si 0.15/0.35Cr 0.4/0.65Ni 0.7/1Mo 0.4/0.6V 0.03/0.08Cu 0.15/0.5B 0.006
A514-G K11872
Carbon0.15/0.21Mn 0.88/1.1Si ?Cr 0.5/0.9Ni 0.7/1Mo 0.4/0.6Zr 0.05/0.15B 0.0025
A514-H K11646
Carbon0.12/0.21Mn 0.95/1.3Si 0.2/0.35Cr 0.4/0.65Ni 0.3/0.7Mo 0.2/0.3V 0.03/0.08B 0.005
A514-J K11625 Carbon0.12/0.21
Mn0.45/0.77Si 0.2/0.35Mo 0.5/0.65B 0.001to 0.005
A514-K K11523
Carbon0.1/0.2Mn1.1/1.15Si 0.15/0.3Mo0.45/0.55B 0.001to 0.005
A514-L K11682
Carbon0.13/0.2Mn0.4/0.7Si 0.15/0.3Cr1/15/1.65Mo0.25/0.4Ti0.04/0.1Cu 0.2/0.4B 0.005
A514-M K11683
Carbon0.12/0.21Mn0.4/0.7Si 0.15/0.3Ni 1.2/1.5Mo0.45/0.6B 0.001 to0.005
A514-N K11847
Carbon0.15/0.21Mn0.8/1.1Si 0.4/0.9Cr 0.5/0.8Mo 0.25Zr 0.05/0.15B 0.0025
A514-P For all a514 welds keep multi-pass welds small to improve notch toughness. Keep heat input low use stringers instead of weaves
Preheat for all A514 <13mm 50F<25mm175F.Don't exceed 200F inter-pass temp.Always ensure oil or moisture removed before weld
K21650 Carbon0.12/0.21Mn0.45/0.7Si 0.4/0.9Ni 1.2/1.5
For all A514 weldsE11018-ME110S-1E110T5-K4E110T1-G
MIG alternativeE80S-D2keep MIG spray volts low to
reduce Hydrogen content. Use low reactive gas mix like argon 10% C02.
What is lamellar tearing?
When welding, the weld shrinkage stresses impose tensile strains in the steel plate or on inclusions paralleled to the plate surface. The tensile strains can separate the inclusions causing cracks. Excessive strains can further elongate the cracks. Carbon, manganese and low alloy steels made at the mill with inadequate deoxidization are sensitive to lamellar tearing.
The potential for lamellar tearing increases with the amount of inclusions in the plates being welded. Of special concern is when the inclusions are parallel to the plate surface. More data in ASTM A770 / A770M Standard Spec for through thickness tension testing of steel plates.
Steels Yield ksi MPa
Tensile ksiMPa
Description Preheat Post heat UNS Chemistry
weld data
ASTMA515
pressure vessel steel plate for medium to high temp service
preheat 0.21 to 0.25 carb >50mm 200Fpreheat 0.26 to 0.30 carb <50mm 100F >50mm 200Fpreheat >0.3carb <25mm 100F 25 TO 50mm 200F >50mm 300F
A515-55 >30 206
55 - 75 379-517 K02001
Carbon0.2/0.28Mn 0.9Si 0.15/0.4E7018E70S-XE71T-1
A515-60 >32 220
60 - 80 413-551 K02401
Carbon0.24/0.31Mn 0.9Si 0.15/0.4E7018E70S-XE71T-1
A515-65 >35 241
65- 85 448-586
Similar to CSA 300W 300WT-350W350ATY-380W-T
K02800
Carbon0.28/0.33Mn 0.9Si 0.15/0.4E7018E70S-XE71T-1
A515-70 >38 262
70- 90 482-620
Similar to CSA 300W 300WT-350W350ATY-380W-T
K03101
Carbon0.31/0.35Mn 0.9Si 0.15/0.4E7018E70S-XE71T-1
ASTMA516
Pressure vessel steel plate AISI 1116
preheat 0.2 carb >50mm 100F
preheat 0.2 to 0.25 carb >25mm 100F >50mm 200F
preheat >0.26 TO 0.31carb 13/25mm 100F>25mm250F
post heat over 25mm 1200F is beneficial
G11160
A516-55 >30 55-75 K01800 Carbon
206 379-517
0.18/0.26Mn 0.6/1.2Si 0.15/0.4E7018E70S-XE71T-1
A516-60 >32 220
60-80413-551 K02100
Carbon0.21/0.27Mn 0.6/1.2Si 0.15/0.4E7018E70S-XE71T-1
A516-65 >35 241
65-85448-586
Similar to CSA 300W 350W 380W-T HSS
K02403
Carbon0.24/0.29Mn 0.85/1.2Si 0.15/0.4E7018E70S-XE71T-1
A516-70 >38262
70 - 90482-620
Similar to CSA 300W 350W 380W-T HSS
K02700
Carbon0.27/0.31Mn 0.85/1.2Si 0.15/0.4E7018E70S-XE71T-1
What is Ductility? The amount that a metal or weld will deform without breaking. Measured on welds by the % of elongation in a 2 inch 51 mm test piece. An E71T-1 flux cored electrode should result in a minimum of 20% elongation. An E70S--6 MIG weld should produce approx 22%.
What is Toughness?The ability of the metal or weld sample at a predetermined temperature to withstand a shock.The test for toughness measures the impact of a pendulum on a notched specimen. You may see that the required impact properties for the metal or weld are 20ft-lbf @ -20 F (27 j @ -29C)
Steels Yield ksi
Tensile ksi
Description Preheat Post heat
UNS Chemistryweld data
MPa MPa
ASTMA517
>100690
Quench and tempered High strength alloy plate
produced in accordance with ASTM A514
ASTMA517
>100690
Quench and tempered High strength alloy plate
produced in accordance with ASTM A514
ASTMA519
carbon stl tubes
100 to 400F
801890181118M
ASTMA521-CACC-CC1
Die ForgingsE7018E70S-XE71T-1
A521AA-ABCE-CFCF1
E8018-C3
A521AE-AGAH
E11018M
A521AC-ADCG
E8018-B2
ASTMA523
CARBON STL PIPE E7018
E70S-3-6
ASTMA524
carbon stl pipe
E7018E70S-3-6
ASTMA526A527A528
Galvanizedsheet metal
E6010E7010E70S-3
ASTMA529
>42 289
60-80413-586
Structural steel plate bars or shaped
K02703
Carbon0.27Mn1.2Cu0.20E7018E70S-XE71T-1
ASTMA533
QuenchedTemperedpressure vessel plate
Preheat >0.15 carbon >50mm 200F
Preheat 0.16/0.2 carbon 13/25mm
100F >25mm 250F
Preheat 0.2/0.25 carbon <13mm 100F >50mm 250F >50mm 400F
Post heat benefits <0.16 carb >13mm 1150F
A533-A K12521
Carbon0.25Mn1.15/1.5Si0.15/0.4Mo 0.6
A533-Aclass 1 >50 80-100
551-689
CLASS 1E8018-C3E9018-ME90T1-K2E80S-D2
Class 2-3E7018E8018-C3E11018-ME110T-1-G
A533-Aclass 2 >70 90-115
620-792A533-Aclass 3 >83 100-125
689-861A533-B Same
mechanicals as A533-A
K12539 Carbon0.25 maxMn1.15/1.5Si0.15/0.4Ni 0.4/0.7Mo0.45/0.6
For class 1E8018-C3E9018-ME90T1-K2E80S-D2
Class 2-3E7018E8018-C3E11018-ME110T-1-G
A533-CMechanicals similar to A533-A-B
K12554
Carbon0.25 maxMn1.15/1.5Si 0.4Ni 0.7/1.0Mo0.45/0.6
For class 1E8018-C3E9018-ME90T1-K2E80S-D2
Class 2-3E7018E8018-C3E11018-ME110T-1-G
A533-DMechanicals similar to A533-C
K12529
Carbon0.25 maxMn1.15/1.5Si 0.15/0.4Ni 0.2/0.4Mo0.45/0.6
For class 1E8018-C3E9018-ME90T1-K2E80S-D2
Class 2-3E7018E8018-C3E11018-ME110T-1-G
If you are welding a carbon steel and you don't know what the composition is or what the weld consumable should be, try the following:
If the metal is thicker than 1/4 (>6 mm,) preheat to 150F.
Use either an E7018 stick electrode, an 0.035 or 0.045 E70S-3-6 MIG wire.
For your all position welds an 0.045, E71T-1 electrode wire.
For MIG welding use an argon 10 to 20% CO2 mix. For the flux cored use a mix with 20 to 25% CO2. Ensure with multi-pass welds you use inter-pass
temp control. Ensure the inter-pass temp weld temperature does
not exceed 300F. Use stringer passes. If possible do a mechanical / destructive test of the
weld samples. If possible have the hardness and grain size
checked after welding.
Steels Yield ksi MPa
Tensile ksiMPa
Description Preheat Post heat UNS Chemistry
weld data
ASTM A537
Heat treated Pressure vessel plate
A537class 1
40-50310-344
65-90448-620
Normal Condition KO2400
Carbon0.24 maxMn0.7/1.6Si ?Mn ?Cr ?Mo ?Cu ?E7018E8018-C3
A537class 2 46-60 70-100
Quenched and tempered
Preheat <0.2 carbon 25/50mm 100F >50mm 200F
Preheat 0.2/0.24 carbon <50mm 200F >50mm 300F
Carbon0.24 maxMn0.7/1.6Si ?Mn ?Cr ?Mo ?Cu ?E8018-C3E9018-ME91T-1
ASTMA538
A538-A K92810
Carbon0.3 maxMn0.1maxSi 0.1maxNi 17/19Mo4/4.5check other alloys
A538-B K92890
Carbon0.3 maxMn0.1maxSi 0.1maxNi 17/19Mo4.6/5.1check other alloys
A538-C K93120
Carbon0.3 maxMn0.1maxSi 0.1maxNi 18/19Mo4.6/5.2check other alloys
ASTMA539
carbon stl tubes
E7018E70S-XE71T-1
ASTMA541
A541-1Pressure vessel forgings
E7018E70S-6E7XT-X depending on heat treat E8018-C3
A541-1A
E7018E70S-6E7XT-X depending on heat treat E8018-C3
A541-2-3-4-5-6 E8018-C3
A541-2A-3A-6A-7-7A-7B-8-8A
E7018E70S-6E7XT-X depending on heat treat E110T5-K4
ASTMA542
Quenched and tempered pressure vessel plate
preheat<25mm 200F <50mm 250 >50mm 300FPostheat 1300F
K21590
Carbon 0.15 maxMn0.3/0.6Si0.15/0.3Cr2/2.5Mo0.9/1.1
A542-1 >85586
105/125723/861 E110T5-K4
A542-2 >100689
115/135792/930 E110T5-K4
A542-3 >75517
95/115655/792 E110T1-K3
A542-4 >60413
85/105586/723 E110T5-K4
Provide the following info on why inter-pass temperature control is essential for some multi-pass welds.
[1] Inter-pass temperature control can restrict the weld and base metal grain g____h
[2] Inter-pass temp control can limit the weld h___t minimize the H___Z and reduce the weld
o_________on potential
Steels Yield ksi MPa
Tensile ksiMPa
Description Preheat Post heat UNS Chemistry
weld data
ASTMA543
Quenched and tempered plate
A543-A
Class 1 85586
Class 2 100689
Class 3 70482
Class 1 105/125723/861
Class 2 115/135792/930
Class 3 90/115620/792
Preheat<0.2 carb <50mm 150FPreheat>0.2 carb <25mm 150F >50mm 250F
Post heat1125F over 0.2 carb beneficial
K42338
Carbon0.23maxMn0.4maxSi0.2/0.35Cr1.5/2Ni2.6/4Mo0.45/0.6V0.03max
Class 1 - 3E11018-ME11OT5-K4E120S-1
Class 2E11018-ME11OT1-K3
E7018 and8018-C3 often used
A543-B K42339
Carbon0.23maxMn0.4maxSi0.2/0.35Cr1.5/2Ni2.6/4Mo0.45/0.6V0.03maxlower P/S
ASTMA553
Quenched and tempered plate used for pressure vessels
A553-1 >85586
100/120689/827 SEE A353 K81340
Carb 0.13maxMn 0.9Si 0.15/0.4Ni 8.5/9.5
A553-2 >85586
100/120689/827
K71340 Carb 0.13maxMn 0.9Si0.15/0.4
Ni 7.5/8.5ASTMA554
stainless tubes
ASTMA556
carbon steel tubes
E7018E70S-3-6
ASTMA557
carbon steel tubes
E7018E70S-3-6
ASTMA562
>30206
55/75379/517
pressure vessel plate K11224
Carb 0.12 maxMn1.2 maxSi 0.15/0.5Ti (4x%C)Cu0.15max
E7018E70S-6E71T-1
ASTMA565
Stainless bars forgings
410 410Ni Mo
ASTMA570
Structural carbon stl
E7018E70S-3-6
ASTMA572
42/65289/448
High strength structural steel/bridges
E7018E70S-3-6
A572-42 >42289
>60413
preheat carb 0.22 max 13/25mm 50F >25mm 150F
preheat carb >0.23 <13mm 100F >13mm 175F
Carb 0.21 maxMn1.35 maxSi 0.4 Cu0.2min
E7018E70S-6E71T-1
A572-50 >50344
>65448
Carb 0.23 maxMn1.35 maxSi 0.4 Cu0.2min
E7018E70S-6E71T-1
A572-60 >60413
>75517
Carb 0.26 maxMn1.35 maxSi 0.4 Cu0.2min
E7018E70S-6
E71T-1E8018-C3
A572-65 >65448
>80551
Carb 0.26 maxMn<13 mm 1.35 maxMn>13 mm 1.65 maxSi 0.4 Cu0.2min
E8018-C3
Name two reasons why pre-heat is essential for some steels.
[1] Preheat can remove sources of h______ n
[2] Preheat can slow down the c______g rate.
Steels Yield ksi MPa
Tensile ksiMPa
Description Preheat Post heat UNS Chemistry
weld data
ASTMA573
Structural steel plate with improved toughness
A573-58 >32280
58/71399/489
preheat carb 0.2/0.25 >25mm 100F
preheat carb >0.25 >13mm 150F
KO2301
Carb 0.23 maxMn0.6/0.9 Si 0.1/0.35
E7018E70S-6E71T-1
A573-65 >35241
65/77448/530 K02404
Carb 0.26 maxMn0.85/1.2 Si 0.15/0.4
E7018E70S-6E71T-1
A573-70 >42 70/90 K02701 Carb
289 482/620
0.28 maxMn0.85/1.2 Si 0.15/0.4
E7018E70S-6E71T-1
ASTMA575
steel bars merchant quality M grades
conforms to AISI 1010AISI 1023AISI M1008AISI M1012AISI M1015AISI M1017AISI M1020AISI M1025AISI M1044
1010G10100
1023G10230
M1008G10080
M1012G10120
M1015G10150
M1017G10170
M1020G10200
M1025G10250
M1044G10440
GRADESM1008 to M1025 E7018E70S-6E71T-1
GRADESM1044E8018-C3E80T1-Ni1E80s-Ni1
ASTMA576
Carbon steel bars hot wrought special quality conforms to over 50 AISIspecs
ASTMA587 carbon stl pipe E7018
E70S-3-6
ASTMA588
High strength low alloy structural steel, improved corrosion resistance for bridges and buildings
A588 <100mm>50344
<100mm>70428
preheat 13/25mm70F
K12040 For corrosion resistanceE8018-WE8018-C1
>100mm42 - 46
>100mm63 -67
25/100mm150F
E8018-B2E880T1-W
Painted E7018E70S-3-6E71T-1
A588-A K11430
carbon0.1/0.19Mn0.9/1.25Si 0.15/0.3Cr 0.4/0.65V 0.02/0.1
A588-B K12043
carbon0.2 MaxMn0.75/1.25Si 0.15/0.3Cr 0.4/0.7Ni 0.25/0.5V 0.01/0.1
A588-C K11538
carbon0.15 MaxMn0.8/1.35Si 0.15/0.3Cr 0.3/0.5Ni 0.25/0.5V 0.01/0.1
A588-D K11552
carbon0.1/0.2Mn0.75/1.25Si 0.5/0.9Cr 0.5/0.9
A588-E K11567
carbon0.15 MaxMn 1.2 maxSi 0.15/0.3Ni 0.75/1.25Mo 0.1/0.25V 0.05max
A588-F K11541
carbon0.1/0.2Mn 0.5/1Si 0.3maxCr 0.3 maxNi 0.4/1/1Mo 0.1/0.2V 0.05max
A588-G K12040
carbon0.2maxMn 1.2maxSi 0.25/0.7Cr 0.5/1Ni 0.8maxMo 0.1max
588-H K12032
carbon0.2maxMn1.25maxSi 0.25/0.75Cr 0.1/0.25Ni 0.3/0.6Mo0.15maxV 0.02/0.1
A588-J K12044
carbon0.2 maxMn0.6/1.0Si 0.3/0.5Ni 0.5/0.7Cu 0.3 minTi 0.3/0.05
ASTM590
Alloy steel pressure vessel plate
K91890
carbon0.3maxMn 0.1 maxSi 0.1 maxCr 4.5/5.5Ni 11.5/12.5Mo2.75/3.25Ti 0.2/0.35Al 0.4max
Steels Yield ksi MPa
Tensile ksiMPa
DescriptionPreheat Post heat
UNS Chemistryweld data
ASTMA592A-E-F
Similar to A517 E11018ME12018M
ASTMA605
Alloy steel pressure vessel plate
K91401
carbon0.13maxMn 0.2/0.4Si 0.1 maxCr0.65/0/85Ni 8.5/9.5Mo0.9/1.1V 0.06/0.12Co 4.25/5
ASTMA606
45-55310-344
65-7-450-480
High strength low alloy sheet and strip steel used for structural weight saving and corrosion resistant applications
Carbon 0.22Mn1.25alloys not spec
E8018-WE80T1-W
A606-2
Corrosion resistance twice that of regular carbon steels
A606-4
Corrosion resistance four times that of regular carbon steels
ASTMA607
High strength low alloys Nb - N -V -Cusheet for structural weight saving applications Twice the corrosion resistance of carbon steel if Cu added.
E7018E70S-3/6E71T-1
For corrosion resistanceconsiderEXX18-WEXXT1-W
A607- 45 >45 >60Carbon 0.22Mn 1.35Cu 0.2 minif specified
A607- 55 >55 >70A607- 60 >60 >75A607- 65 >65 >80
A607-70 >70 >85
Carbon 0.26Mn 1.65Cu 0.2 minif specified
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Steels Yield ksi MPa
Tensile ksiMPa
Description Preheat Post heat UNS Chemistry
weld data
A612 50344
81 - 105588/723
HIGH STRENGTH LOW TO MEDIUM TEMP SERVICE
Preheat to 0.2 carb >13mm 100FPreheat to 0.21 carb <13mm 125F
KO2900
Carb 0.025 max Mn 1-1.5Si 0.15 0.4Ni 0.25Cr 0.25
PRESSURE VESSELS >13mm 175F
Mo 0.08 maxCu 0.35V 0,08max
E8018-C3FC 81T1-Ni1E80S-Ni1
A615High carbon Steel Bars for concrete reinforcement
Max 0,45 carbon preheat bars 3- 11 OK. bars 14 to 18 75F
Carbon 0.45- 0.55 Bars 7-11 50F bars 14- 18, 200F
Carbon 0.56- 0.65 Bars 3-6 100F bars 7- 18, 250F
Carbon>0.66 400F
KO2900Use only low hydrogen electrodes
A615-40 40 275
70 482
E7018E7XT-1E70S-3
A615-60 60 413
90620 E9018M
A615-75 E10018MA616-50-60 E9018m
A617-40 E7018A617-60 E9018M
A618 low alloy E7018
tubes E70S-3-6
A620 E60XXE70XX
A621 E60XXE70XX
A63342- 60275413
Normalized high strength low alloy steel with good notch toughness.Used for service temp down to -50f
A633-A 42289
63-83434-572 K01802
carb 0.18 max Mn 1-1.45Si 0.15-0.5
A -B Preheat<38mm 50f >38mm 125f
A633-C 46-50 min70-90or65-85
K12000Carb 0.2 max Mn 1.1-1.5Si 0.15-0.5Cb0.01 -0.05
A633-D
by thicknesssimilar same asA633-C
K12037
Carb 0.2 max Mn 0.7-1.35Si 0.15-0.5Ni 0.25 maxCr 0.25 maxMo 0.08 maxCu 0.35 max
A633-E 55-60379413
80-100or75-95
K12202 Carb 0.22 max Mn 1.15-1.5Si 0.15-0.5Cb VPreheat C-D-E<25mm 50F 25-50mm125f>50mm225fweld A633E7018E70T-5E70S-6For good impactsE8018-C3E80S-D2
E81T1-Ni1-
A642 E60XXE70XX
A643-A E7018
A643-B E8018ME80T5-K1