status of philippine environment

8/3/2019 Status of Philippine Environment

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Kalagayanng

Kapaligiranng Pilipinas


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Outline

Anu-ano ang mga ibat ibang yamanng kapaligiran ng Pilipinas

Ano ang kalagayan ng kagubatan,karagatan at iba pang likas yaman


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Pilipinas Ay pangalawa sa

pinakamaliit na bansa sa 17megadiversity na bansa sabuong mundo.

Ito na siguro ang pinaka-

biologically diverse nabansa sa mundo kung angpag-uusapan ay angkakaibang uri ng halaman athayop bawat lugar. Ito dinay mas maraming endemicna uri kesa sa ibangmegadiversity centers.

Ang plant endemism ay

tinatayang nasa pagitan ng


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Karagatan

Ang Pilipinas ay bahagi ng CoralTriangle


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Kalagayan ng Pangisdaan sa

PilipinasAng Pilipinas ay natutukoy sa Pampangisdaan sa mundo

bilang:

- Pangalawang pinakamalaking tagabigay ng aquatic plants

(kasama ang seaweeds) noong 2003.

(FAO Yearbook, 2003)- 11th in world aquaculture production of fish,

crustaceans, mollusks, etc. in 2003.

(FAO Yearbook, 2003)

11th top fish producing countries in 2003.(FAO Yearbook, 2003)


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Pilipinas- 18,000 square kilometers ofcoastline

Ang bahura lamang ay nagbibigay ng

hindi bababa sa US$ 1.35 billionbawat taon sa economiya ng bansa(White and Cruz-Trinidad, 1998)


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Seagrass Beds

Ang Pilipinas ay ang pangalawangmay pinakamadaming uri sa buongmundo pangalawa sa Western

Australia (Fortes 1994) Ay nasa mas magandang kondisyon

kesa sa bahura, na may 20% lang ang

nasa pangit na kondisyon.


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Sierra Madre Corridor


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Sierra Madre Range

Backbone of Luzon at ang pinaka-mahabang mountain range sa Pilipinas

May land area na1.8 Million hectares sa 10probinsya (Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela,Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Nueva Ecija,Aurora, Bulacan, Rizal, and Quezon) sa

Administrative Regions 2, 3 and 4


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Sierra Madre ay mayroong pinakamalakingnumero ng protected areas 68 nationalparks, watershed forest reserves, naturalmonuments, marine reserves, protectedlandscapes at seascapes sa lahat.

Liban sa pinakamahalaga kung pag-uusapan ang samut-saring buhay,

matatagpuan din ang maraming katutubongkomunidad (Agtas/Dumagats, Isneg, Ibanags,Ikalahans, Gaddangs,Ifugao, Ilonggots, and theBugkalots or Negritos)


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Ang kapalng gubatangpinakamalawak saPilipinastinataya sa

1.4 millionhectares, o25%yamanggubat ngbansa,kasamaang mataas

pa sa 40%ngnatitirangold growthforests


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11 mula sa 13 na klase ng kagubatanay matatagpuan sa Sierra Madre

tropical evergreen rainforest, upper and

lower montane rainforests, limestoneforest, forest on ultramaficsubstrate,beach forest, and wetlands suchas mangrove forest and freshwater

swamp


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high plant biodiversity- 3,500 speciesang naitala sa lugar. Kinakatawan nitoang 45% species na naitala sa bansa.

Ang mataas na bilang ng endemicplant speciesna may 58% endemismwithin the corridor and 41% relative to

the national figure.


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Ang bilang ng threatened plantspecies na nakalista sa IUCN RedList- 106 for the corridor or 42% ng

total threatened species of Philippineflora.


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Ang Sierra Madrecorridor ay may 12endemic amphibians

(71%).Sa mga uri ng endemicbird na naitala saLuzon,83% ay nasa Sierra

Madre corridor 84species.Hindi bababa sa 55%ng uri ng mammal sacorridor ay endemic (21species, o 24% ng

lahat ng endemicmammals namatatagpuan saLuzon).Hindi bababa sa 16

uri ng reptile (40%) ayendemic.


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Extent of Forest Cover Loss in the last 100 years

Source: Environmental Science for Social Change, 1999


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0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

1400 1500 1900 1950 1990

YEAR

Extent of Original Forest Cover in the Philippines

(km2)

Spanish colonization (270,000 km2)

American colonization (210,000 km2)

Philippine Independence

(150,000 km2)

Post EDSA Revolution

(8,000 km2)

Land area (300,000 km2)

(400 years)

(50 years)

(40 years)


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Data Source:19501987 fromGarrity et al. 1993; 1990-2000 fromFAO 2001

350

300

200

150

100

50

250

hectare

s

(000s)

period

Philippines

Deforestation Rates (1950-2000)

Source: Fernando, 2005


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percent

fo

rest

cover

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Philippines

Change in Forest Cover, 1876-2002

year Data Source:1876-1987 from Garrity et al. (1993); 1990from FAO (2001); 1999 from ESSC (1999); 1991, 1996,2001, 2000 and 2002 from DENR-FMB (2005)



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19.483.9

52.9

34.3

58

54.4

58.7

52.3

3.3

28.930.2

48.6

0 20 40 60 80 100

Brunei

Philippines

Myanmar

Vietnam

Malaysia

Cambodia

Singapore

East Timor

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Thailand

Total SE Asia 48.6

30.229.9

52.3

58.7

3.3

54.4

34.3

52.9

83.9

19.4

58

The Philippines and Southeast Asia: percentage of total forestData from FAO (2001)

Percent total forest


M d l f D f t ti i th Phili i


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Elite ControlCorruptionLogging ConcessionsDevelopment Projects

Urban PovertyRural PovertyLandlessnessPopulation Growth

Unrestricted Loggingin the Primary Forest

Increased RoadNetworks

Creation ofSecondary Forest

Migration toForests

Expansion ofAgriculture

PermanentAgriculture

ShiftingCultivation

DEFORESTATION

Model of Deforestation in the Philippines

Source: Garity et al, 1993 adaptedfrom Kummer, 1992


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Worsening health condition of themarine ecosystem


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Threats to seagrass

Dredging activities Pollution from domestic and

commercial uses

Sedimentation


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Mangroves in the Philippines

From 450,000 hectares in 1920decreased to 120,000 hectares

This decline is mostly caused by:

clearing for shrimp farming operations,other forms of aquaculture

habitat conversion for urban developmentand other uses,

and lack of ability of key national agenciesto implement essential new policies

(De Leon and White 1997; Calumpong 1994).


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Climate change = pagbabago sa

average weather na nararanasan saisang rehiyon (kasama lahat ng mganaka-ugnay sa weather katulad ng

temperatura, wind patterns at pag-ulan) sa loob ng panahon o oras nanagmumula sa dekada hanggangilang daang taon; at ito aysumasakop pareho sa natural andgawa ng tao na mga pagbabago


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Causes of climate change Timescale of the climate

changeplate tectonics hundred thousand to many million

years

earth orbit parameters hundred thousand years

several volcanic eruptions few years

activity of the sun years to decades

internally changes on earth years to decades

anthropogenic greenhouse gasemissions

decades


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Isang mahalaga, ngunit hindi masyadong tinitingnan sacrisis ng Global warming ay ang lawak ng

GEOLOGIC TIME kung ikukumpara sa

HUMAN TIME

Kung ang panahon o edad ng Earth na 4 billion


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First complex life forms, 20 hours(600 million years ago). Also the ageof the oldest petroleum we use

Death of the dinosaurs, 23 hours, 37 minutes(65 million years ago)

Earliest humans, 23 hours, 59 minutes,37 seconds (2 million years)

The first historian, only

0.1 second remaining(6,000 years ago)

Mid 19TH Century onsetof the Age of

Petroleum = 0.0027second before THE

END!

Kung ang panahon o edad ng Earth na 4 billionyears ay ipapakita sa isang 24-hour na pelikula:

Earliest life, 6 hours (3.4 billion years ago);

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