Status and issues in Potato Production

STATUS

Current ScenarioIndia is producing 41.3 m tons (2011-12)

from 1.9 m ha at an average productivity of 22.1 t/ha.

2.8 m tons (7.5%) of the produce is processed.

2.96 m tons (8.5%) of the produce is used as seed.

0.1 m tons are exported

Post harvest losses are nearly 16% of the total produce.

Varietal development – Developed 49 high yielding varieties for all regions and seasons.

Establishment of Indigenous seed production system – Seed production shifted from the hills to the northern plains to cater to the large demand of seed.

Growth in cold stores capacity – Helped in storing and maintaining the supply chain in off season across the country.

Major factors that contributed to the growth of potato in India

9

30

10

Early (70-80 days)

Medium (90-100 days)

Late (100-110

days)

3

7

14

3

3

3

4

3

1

2

Northern hills

Northern plains

Plateau

Darjeeling hills

Southern hills

6

Varietal development

Processing-6Heat Tolerance-1

- Seed Treatment-Presprouting -Early planting-Mechanization for faster cultural operations-Control of aphid vectors and diseases through regular sprays - Rouging- Haulms cutting before the aphid count reached critical levels.

Agro-techniques of seed plot technique

Indigenous Seed production

system

Growth in cold stores capacity

Growth of cold stores enabled reaping the benefits of higher yield due to seed plot technique

Future Targets

Potato production estimates for the next 40 years

Particulars

Area (Mha)

Production

(Mt)

Productivity (t/ha)

2010 1.82 35.21 19.35

2025 2.02 56.15 27.71

2050 3.62 124.88 34.51

ISSUES

Wide gap in attainable and actual yields - how to bridge it?

Area expansion – Tropicalization ?.

Low availability of quality seed.

High Post harvest losses.

Increased diseases and Pests pressure.

Climate change – how to manage?

Large areas in the Indo Gangetic plains and the neighbouring states have similar and high yield potential

Developed a simulation model which would enable estimation of climatic potential for yield, for estimation of yield gaps and climate change studies.

Potential Yield (t/ha)

Yield gaps between attainable yields and actual yields - how bridge it?

Yield Gap Analysis Results (t/ha)

Over All UP Bihar Punjab &

Haryana

WB Gujarat

Average_Pot_Yield 58.65 57.6 47.41 58.15 51.73

Actual_Yield 22.47 18.11 21.63 21.03 25.24Yield_gap_attainable (%)

52.11 60.7 42.97 54.79 39.0

The yield gap is around 50%. Through better irrigation systems and nutrient delivery systems this gap could be bridged e.g. Gujarat

States with high yield and reasonable yield gap

Over AllOdish

aMP

Rajastha

n

Chattisgar

h

Jharkhan

d

Average_Pot_Yield 57.16 59.0 56.7 59.25 62.18

Actual_Yield 13.05 12.9 10.58 12.06 11.26

Yield_gap attainable

(%)71.4 72.6 76.6 74.5 77.3

States with high yield potential but high yield gap

The yield gap is wider (around 70%)

Here the stresses are due to

Seed quality Pests and diseases (BW,

Whiteflies, Thrips, mites, PTM)

Water Nutrients

Impact of climate change on potato production has been assessed – Under no adaptation

Yield decline in India will be 2.6% by 2020 and 15.3% by 2050

Impact of climate change will be positive in NW plains, slightly negative in NE plains and severely negative in plateau regions.

Change in date of planting is the best adaptation strategy and in Punjab and Western UP it is likely to increase or sustain the tuber yield in 2020 and 2050

In Eastern UP and Bihar the delayed DOP might sustain the potato production with only minor losses (0-10%)

How can the production targets be realised in the context of impending climate change?

Future Varietal Requirements

Short duration varieties which can fit in cereal based cropping system

Heat tolerant varieties to enable spatial diversification of potato to non traditional areas and to minimize the impact of climate change

Varieties with multiple disease resistance (WB, LB, Viruses)

Processing varieties to meet the growing demand of the consumers

- Short duration- High resistant starch content - Cold induced sweetening resistant- Specialty potatoes

Transgenic approach for managing late blight

K. Pukhraj SI2AS1 2155 & K. Pukhraj control

Relative Expression of Avr3a gene in transgenic

K. Pukhraj SI2AS1 2155

Using RNAi technology developed potato lines having high degree of resistance to late blight

Silencing of Avr3a effector gene of P. infestans using RNAi approach

Use of Cis-genic approach for managing late blight Rb – gene was used for developing LB resistant hybrids

Out of 120 hybrids, 5 have been selected

Evaluated hybrids in screening chamber and containment

LB severity varies from 5-22% as against of ≥80% in control

Higher yielder (33-133%)

Late blight, viruses and Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN) resistant lines identified using molecular markers.

Combining above three resistances through conventional breeding.

Results: i. Few segregating lines with combined resistances

identified.

ii. Development of advanced hybrids (LBY-15 & LBY-17) having combined resistance to late blight and Potato Virus Y.

iii. Identified 14 elite parental potato lines possessing multiple disease resistance genes.

iv. A parental line having PVY extreme resistance gene (Ryadg) in triplex state developed through molecular markers.

Development of varieties with multiple disease resistance

Combined resistance to Late blight, viruses and Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN) is under way:

Triplex clone (YY 6/3 C-11)

Advanced potato hybrids

Phenotyping of K.Surya K.Chandramukhi at 240 C night temperature with respect to tuberization

Real time PCR analysis of KS and KCM revealed the 30 fold Higher expression of 17.6 Kda HSP gene (out of 8 potato HSP gene) over KCM.

17.6Kda HSP gene Map

Development of heat tolerant potato cultivar

Reduction of cold induced sweetening in processing cultivar using RNAi approach

Control

Fresh harvest

2214 2013 2311 2123 2262

5.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.0

7.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.0Cold stored for 90 days

Genotype % reduction in invertase activity

K. Chipsona-1 control 0.0

KChipInvRNAi-2214 89.82 ± 5.66

KChipInvRNAi-2013 83.43 ± 8.24

KChipInvRNAi-2311 81.58 ± 7.81

KChipInvRNAi-2123 67.46 ± 4.34

KChipInvRNAi-2262 77.26 ± 6.52

Silencing of invertase gene in K.Chipsona 1 by using RNAi technology

How to meet the seed requirement to realise the genetic potential?

Multiplication in Foundation and certified seed production stages not as per desired rate

Solution - Public – Private Partnership Identify suitable sites in non traditional areas for seed

production Development and exploitation of new technologies

Microtubers: 50-60% survival

Field multiplication-1 Field multiplication-2 Basic or Breeder Seed

Microplants

Microtubers Minitubers

Culturing in liquid media Microtuber in vitro

New Seed Production Technologies (Micro Propagation)

Aeroponic based seed production system

Adopt ecological niche modelling techniques to identify sites suitable for seed production in non traditional areas

Sites suitable for seed production through seed plot technique (similar to the Indo Gangetic plains) exists in the North eastern states and can greatly alleviate seed deficiency of the area

How to minimise the post harvest losses? Post harvest losses are to the tune of 16% of the total

production.

Varieties with improved keeping quality.

Storage loses: Pre and post cold store losses by elevate

temperature technology

Transportation losses: use of refer varieties.

Packaging?

On site storage?

Uniform distribution of cold stores

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