statistical yearbook of german insurance 2019 · 1.7 trillion euros, the german insurance companies...

StatisticalYearbook of German Insurance2019

Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V.

Imprint

Published by:Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V. (GDV) German Insurance Association Wilhelmstraße 43/43G, 10117 Berlin Tel.: +49 30 2020-5131 Fax: +49 30 2020-6616www.gdv.de [email protected] German Insurance Association (GDV) is listed in the Joint Transparency Register of the European Commission and the European Parliament for interest representatives. The GDV identification number is 6437280268-55.The contents of this publication have been created with the required diligence. However, it cannot be guaranteed that the information pro-vided is complete, correct, up-to-date or appropriate; it is the reader’s responsibility to decide on the use of the information.

Responsible for content: Klaus Wiener

Editor: Jakob Hohenstein

Assistant editors: Maximilian Baldus, Duc Do, Ramona Merkl

Picture: Titel: iStockphoto / akinbostanci ISSN 0936-1960

II

Preface

Everyday private households and companies are confront-ed with a large number of risks. To better cope with these risks, German insurers provide comprehensive risk cover-

age and provision in as much as 437 million insurance policies. Due to the rising threat of natural catastrophes and the pro-gressive ageing of the population, private insurance cover will become even more important in the future. Besides offering financial protection, insurers use their large knowledge, gained over many years, to help reduce or eliminate risks. Hence, they are a key partner for the economy and the society in adapting to a changing risk environment. With investments of just under 1.7 trillion euros, the German insurance companies are also a crucial source of long-term funding for both the private and the public sector.

For many years, the Statistical Yearbook of German Insurance has provided a wealth of information on the development of the insurance sector and its social and economic environment. We trust that the 2019 edition, just like the previous editions, will prove a useful and reliable source of information again to contribute to a better understanding of the insurance industry among experts and the general public.

Berlin, August 2019

Dr. Wolfgang Weiler Dr. Frank von Fürstenwerth

III

Insurance industry overall 1–25

Life insurance 26–45

Healthcare insurance 46–57

Property & casualty insurance 58–86

Reinsurance 87–90

Overall economic data 91–116

Social statistical data 117–123

International reference figures 124–141

Content

V

List of tables

VI

Insurance industry overallKey figures of private insurance 1Insurance companies by class of business 2Insurance companies by legal form 3Insurance companies and premium income by federal state 4Insurance premium income by class of business 5Insurance premium income by legal form 6Insurance benefits by class of business 7Insurance portfolio by class of business 8Insurance density and insurance penetration by class of

business 9Employment in the insurance industry by federal state 10Employees in the insurance industry by field of activity 11Self-employed insurance intermediaries and advisers 12Share of distribution channels in new business in the

insurance industry 13Development of the investments of the insurance industry 14Investment portfolio of the insurance industry 15Investment portfolio of primary insurers 16Selected alternative investments of primary insurers 17Solvability of the insurance industry 18Foreign-controlled German primary insurers 19Foreign primary insurers with German business by way of

European passport 20German insurance business written by primary insurers

based inside the EEA 21Cross-border direct investment in the insurance industry 22Market concentration in primary insurance 23Insurance industry in comparison to other industries 24Insurance premium tax and fire brigade tax 25

Life insurance Life insurance companies by legal form 26Business development

– life insurance, Pensionskassen and pension funds 27– in life insurance 28– of Pensionskassen 29

VIIList of tables

– of pension funds 30Premium income in life insurance 31

Life insurance, Pensionskassen and pension funds – regular and single premiums 32– premiums by type of insurance 33

Life insurance – regular and single premiums 34– premiums by type of insurance 35

New business in life insurance by type of business 36Riester pensions – business in force and new business 37Basisrenten – business in force and new business 38Occupational pensions: direct insurance and reinsurance

business in force 39Supplementary insurance business in force in life

insurance 40Insurance benefits in life insurance 41Cash benefits paid in life insurance 42Investment portfolio of life insurance companies 43Long-term business development

– of Pensionskassen 44– of pension funds 45

Healthcare insurance Healthcare insurance companies by legal form 46Business development in healthcare insurance 47Premium income in healthcare insurance by type of

insurance 48Private comprehensive healthcare and compulsory

long-term care insurance, business in force 49Selected types of private healthcare insurance,

business in force 50Additional insurance to statutory healthcare insurance,

business in force 51Insurance benefits in healthcare insurance 52Insurance benefits paid in healthcare insurance

– by type of insurance 53– by type of benefit 54

Compulsory long-term care insurance 55Additional long-term care insurance 56Investment portfolio of healthcare insurance companies 57

VIII List of tables

Property & casualty insurance Property & casualty insurance companies by legal form 58Business development in property & casualty insurance 59Premium income in property & casualty insurance

by class 60Claims expenditure in property & casualty insurance

by class 61Technical results in property & casualty insurance

by class 62Number of contracts and claims in property & casualty

insurance 63Number of contracts in property & casualty insurance

by class 64Number of claims in property & casualty insurance

by class 65Business development

– in motor insurance (total) 66– in motor vehicle third party liability insurance 67– in motor full and partial own damage insurance 68– in motor vehicle full own damage insurance 69– in motor vehicle partial own damage insurance 70– in motor accident insurance 71– in property insurance (total) 72– in private property insurance 73– in comprehensive insurance on buildings 74– in comprehensive insurance on contents 75– in non-private property insurance 76– in industrial / commercial / agricultural property

insurance 77– in engineering insurance 78– in general liability insurance 79– in private accident insurance 80– in legal expenses insurance 81– in marine and aviation insurance 82

Premium income in marine and aviation insurance by class 83

Business development – in credit, surety and fidelity insurance 84– in roadside assistance 85

IXList of tables

Investment portfolio of property & casualty insurance companies 86

Reinsurance Premium income and claims expenditure of reinsurance

companies 87Premium income of reinsurance companies by class 88Technical results of reinsurance companies by class 89Investment portfolio of reinsurance companies 90

Overall economic data Development of population 1950–2060 91Development of life expectancy 92Development of mortality 93Development of number of households 94Volume and structure of employment 95Gross domestic product and its components

– at current prices 96– price-adjusted 97

Private and public investment 98Building activity and stock of residential buildings and

dwellings 99Business start-ups and insolvencies 100Healthcare sector 101Number of vehicles on the road 102Road accidents 103Transportation of goods 104Wages and salaries 105Disposable income, consumption and savings 106Consumer price index for private households 107Development of selected price indexes 108Expenditure on motor vehicles 109Assets of private households 110Financial assets of private households by type of

investment 111Acquisition of financial assets by private households

by type of investment 112Acquisition of financial assets by private households

by type of investment in the long term 113Incidence of private and occupational pension schemes 114

X List of tables

Equipment of private households with durable goods 115Interest rates, bond yields and share prices 116

Social statistical data Social welfare budget by function, type and source

of finance 117Statutory pension insurance 118Statutory healthcare insurance 119Social long-term care insurance 120Statutory accident insurance 121Statutory unemployment insurance 122Tax-financed basic social security systems 123

International reference figures The world’s largest insurance markets

– primary insurance (total) 124– life insurance 125– non-life insurance 126

Insurance density and penetration of important countries – primary insurance (total) 127– life insurance 128– non-life insurance 129

Premium income of important reinsurance locations 130Population in selected advanced economies 131Employment in selected advanced economies 132Gross domestic product in selected advanced economies 133Consumer prices and savings ratio in selected advanced

economies 134Financial situation of private households in Europe 135Public finances in selected advanced economies 136Cross-border economic relations 137Interest rates and bond yields in selected advanced

economies 138Share prices, residential property prices and oil price 139Exchange rates 140Economy and population in selected emerging markets 141

Abbreviations

XII

AGV Arbeitgeberverband der Versicherungsunternehmen (Employers’ Association of Insurance Companies)

ALG Arbeitslosengeld (unemployment benefits)a.o. and othersBA Bundesagentur für Arbeit (Federal Employment

Agency)BaFin Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht

(Federal Financial Supervisory Authority) until 2002 Bundesaufsichtsamt für das

Versicherungswesen (BAV) (Federal Supervisory Office for Insurance Companies)

BI business interruption insuranceBIS Bank for International SettlementsBMAS Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs)BMF Bundesministerium der Finanzen (Federal Ministry of Finance)BMG Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (Federal Ministry of Health)DAX Deutscher Aktienindex (German Stock Index)DIHK Deutscher Industrie- und Handelskammertag

(Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce)

DIW Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (German Institute for Economic Research)DM Deutsche MarkDRV Deutsche Rentenversicherung (German Federal Pension Insurance Agency)ECB European Central BankEEA European Economic AreaEI engineering insuranceEStG Einkommensteuergesetz (Income Tax Act)EU European UnionEUROSTAT Statistical Office of the European CommunitiesFRG Federal Republic of GermanyGDP gross domestic product

XIIIAbbreviations

GDV Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e.V. (German Insurance Association)

GNP gross national productGewO Gewerbeordnung (Trade, Commerce and Industry Regulation Act)ILO International Labour OrganizationIMF International Monetary Fundins. insuranceMA motor accidentOECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Developmentpara. paragraphPKV Verband der Privaten Krankenversicherung

e.V. (Association of German Private Healthcare Insurers)

SCR Solvency Capital RequirementSE European stock corporation (Societas Europaea)SGB Sozialgesetzbuch (Social Security Code)StBA Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical

Office)TPL third party liabilityUN United NationsWTO World Trade Organization – value equal to zero° value not availablex value not meaningful

Key figures of private insurance01

1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2017 2018

insurance companies1 (numbers)

total 809 729 659 582 539 528 528of wich:

life insurers 108 109 119 95 84 84 85healthcare insurers 51 55 55 48 47 46 46property & casualty ins. 344 322 254 211 205 200 199reinsurers 33 28 41 36 28 28 29

premium income (in EUR m)

primary insurance2, 3 36,000 69,888 131,335 178,844 193,903 198,012 202,4024

life insurance3 13,215 27,403 61,225 90,355 92,659 90,643 91,969healthcare insurance 4,830 9,546 20,712 33,270 36,822 39,049 39,7684

property & casualty ins.5, 6 17,955 32,939 49,398 55,219 64,422 68,320 70,665reinsurance7 7,141 13,713 28,843 36,191 48,689 50,733 °

share of premium income in premium income primary insurance (as %)

life insurance3 36.7 39.2 46.6 50.5 47.8 45.8 45.4healthcare insurance 13.4 13.7 15.8 18.6 19.0 19.7 19.6property & casualty ins.5, 6 49.9 47.1 37.6 30.9 33.2 34.5 34.9

insurance benefits (in EUR m)

primary insurance8 34,101 71,253 152,534 189,253 208,781 217,159 °life insurance8, 9 15,157 34,909 88,080 107,361 116,501 119,679 96,821healthcare insurance10 4,567 9,504 24,050 38,612 44,134 47,362 °property & casualty ins.5, 11 14,352 26,840 40,404 43,281 48,146 50,118 52,490

insurance portfolio (numbers in m)

primary insurance3 232.0 284.5 371.1 418.3 428.9 434.6 437.84

investment portfolio (in EUR bn)

primary and reinsurers8 126.2 321.7 802.7 1,256.4 1,543.0 1,635.5 °

employment (numbers in 1,000)

insurance industry ° ° ° 561.6 529.0 513.0 492.9employees12 ° 254.7 299.7 298.2 295.6 292.2 291.2self-employed ins. inter-mediaries / advisers13 ° ° ° 263.5 233.4 220.8 201.6

1 life, healthcare, property & casualty insurers, reinsurers, Pensionskassen and funeral expenses funds under German federal supervision carrying on actual business as per end of year

2 written gross premiums3 from 2010 incl. Pensionskassen and pension funds covered by the GDV statistics4 provisional figure5 German direct business; without nuclear insurance and pecuniary damage liability

insurance; until 2002 without fidelity insurance; until 2009 without aviation insurance as well as aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance

6 without insurance premium tax; insurance classes covering fire incl. fire brigade tax7 earned premiums of reinsurers incl. additional charges, net of retrocession8 without Pensionskassen and pension funds; from 2015 incl. deposit receivables from the

insurance business assumed as reinsurance cover9 cash benefits paid to policyholders and increase in liabilities to policyholders10 total expenditures on benefits paid, premium refunds and allocations to ageing reserve11 gross claims incurred for the accounting year12 employees subject to social security contributions in primary insurance and reinsuran-

ce companies and insurance intermediation firms as at 30 June of the respective year13 as per end of year

Source: compilation from following tables

02Insurance companies by class of business

year

federal supervision

federal and Land

supervision2

total number of insurance

companies1

of which:

life insurers

healthcare insurers

property & casualty

insurers reinsurers

numbers

19543 864 95 100 295 34 8,2841960 939 102 101 218 34 9,8531970 810 107 67 289 31 7,3901980 809 108 51 344 33 3,3431990 729 109 55 322 28 2,6591995 677 121 58 268 32 2,1571998 682 119 58 266 43 2,0371999 677 120 57 263 44 1,9832000 659 119 55 254 41 1,8822001 640 116 55 249 40 1,8252002 645 110 55 238 43 1,7792003 640 106 54 235 45 1,7162004 633 105 54 231 44 1,6692005 632 104 53 227 47 1,6382006 613 100 52 222 45 1,5922007 609 100 51 224 41 1,5922008 607 99 51 222 41 1,5162009 596 96 51 217 38 1,4862010 582 95 48 211 36 1,4642011 578 94 48 215 34 1,4652012 565 92 48 210 31 1,4432013 560 90 48 210 29 1,4242014 548 87 47 206 30 1,4012015 539 84 47 205 28 1,3512016 534 84 46 201 29 1,2942017 528 84 46 200 28 1,2782018 528 85 46 199 29 °

1 life insurers, healthcare insurers, property & casualty insurers, reinsurers, Pensionskas-sen and funeral expenses funds under German supervision carrying on actual business as per end of year

2 incl. insurance companies without actual business3 as at 31 March 1954

Source: BaFin

03Insurance companies* by legal form**

yearjoint stock

companies1

mutual insurance

associations

insurance insti-tutions under

public law other2

numbers

1954 110 684 22 321960 125 646 16 461970 140 527 16 461980 196 406 12 1021990 281 352 47 812000 317 287 25 162001 302 273 23 172002 323 271 21 192003 329 269 19 122004 328 270 17 102005 321 267 18 102006 315 267 18 92007 321 267 18 92008 307 268 18 62009 313 267 17 62010 301 267 17 72011 300 261 17 62012 293 258 17 62013 291 254 18 72014 278 254 18 62015 275 250 18 62016 271 246 17 82017 272 243 17 8

* life insurers, healthcare insurers, property & casualty insurers, reinsurers, Pensionskas-sen and funeral expenses funds under German supervision carrying on actual business, without small mutual insurance associations under Land supervision mostly limited to a particular region; until 1980 only insurance companies under federal supervision; as per end of year

** joint stock companies that due to their ownership structure are part of the public sector and joint stock companies whose shareholders are mutual insurance associations are included in joint stock companies

1 incl. SE2 mostly German branches of foreign-based insurance companies, from 2000 without

branches of insurance companies based inside the EEA

Source: BaFin, own calculations

04 Insurance companies and premium income by federal state*

federal state 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016 2017

number of insurance companies

Baden-Wuerttemberg 50 49 49 46 45 46Bavaria 94 86 76 73 69 70Berlin 15 11 12 11 12 13Brandenburg – 1 1 1 1 1Bremen 5 5 2 2 2 2Hamburg 59 53 41 37 32 30Hesse 62 55 45 39 32 31Lower Saxony 48 53 50 51 48 47Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania – – – – – –

North Rhine- Westphalia 128 119 118 108 99 100

Rhineland-Palatinate 5 5 6 6 5 5Saarland 11 10 6 6 6 6Saxony 2 2 2 2 2 2Saxony-Anhalt 2 2 2 2 2 2Schleswig-Holstein 14 13 13 15 13 13Thuringia – – – – – –Germany 495 464 423 399 368 368

premium income in EUR m1

Baden-Wuerttemberg 14,593 19,407 24,614 28,923 32,353 34,444Bavaria 43,737 51,379 64,174 66,304 81,493 86,678Berlin 2,858 729 1,506 1,238 1,462 1,296Brandenburg – 24 100 149 282 304Bremen 296 304 26 28 29 30Hamburg 12,689 13,412 13,864 11,154 9,941 9,246Hesse 12,587 15,355 16,971 15,016 17,529 17,955Lower Saxony 10,180 12,349 17,066 21,695 31,543 30,458Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania – – – – – –

North Rhine- Westphalia 42,023 46,930 56,066 61,726 66,296 68,532

Rhineland-Palatinate 3,443 4,983 6,942 8,862 9,798 10,427Saarland 788 1,328 1,829 2,993 3,129 3,077Saxony 72 224 375 573 633 759Saxony-Anhalt 75 116 159 228 280 0Schleswig-Holstein 1,084 1,708 2,247 2,383 3,007 2,481Thuringia – – – – – –Germany 144,426 168,248 205,939 221,272 257,733 265,687

* life, healthcare, property & casualty insurers and reinsurers under German supervision (incl. public insurers under Land supervision) as per end of year without small mutual insurance associations under Land supervision mostly limited to a particular region, assignment to federal state by company headquarters

1 earned gross premiums

Source: BaFin

05Insurance premium income* by class of business

year

primary insurance1, 2 life1

health-care2

prop-erty &

casualty6total regular3 total regular4 single5

in EUR m

1950 1,174 ° 405 ° ° 227 5421960 4,501 ° 1,537 ° ° 639 2,3251970 13,676 ° 5,068 ° ° 2,068 6,5401980 36,000 35,419 13,215 12,634 579 4,830 17,9551990 69,888 68,507 27,403 26,022 1,381 9,546 32,9391995 111,459 107,480 45,201 41,223 3,978 16,408 49,8502000 131,335 124,555 61,225 54,444 6,781 20,712 49,3982005 157,984 148,584 75,244 65,844 9,400 27,348 55,3922009 171,417 150,424 85,248 64,255 20,993 31,468 54,7012010 178,844 151,812 90,355 63,323 27,031 33,270 55,2192011 178,083 155,190 86,801 63,908 22,893 34,667 56,6152012 181,587 158,850 87,340 64,603 22,737 35,628 58,6192013 187,432 161,505 90,826 64,899 25,927 36,051 60,5562014 192,580 163,305 93,676 64,400 29,275 36,323 62,5812015 193,905 165,808 92,659 64,563 28,095 36,822 64,4222016 194,329 167,927 90,774 64,372 26,402 37,258 66,2962017 198,012 171,545 90,643 64,176 26,467 39,049 68,3202018 202,4027 174,6507 91,969 64,217 27,752 39,7687 70,665

change against previous year as %

2010 4.3 0.9 6.0 -1.5 28.8 5.7 0.92011 -0.4 2.2 -3.9 0.9 -15.3 4.2 2.52012 2.0 2.4 0.6 1.1 -0.7 2.8 3.52013 3.2 1.7 4.0 0.5 14.0 x 3.38

2014 2.7 1.1 3.1 -0.8 12.9 0.8 3.32015 0.7 1.5 -1.1 0.3 -4.0 1.4 2.79

2016 0.2 1.3 -2.0 -0.3 -6.0 1.2 2.92017 1.9 2.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 4.8 3.12018 2.27 1.87 1.5 0.1 4.9 1.87 3.4

average annual rates of change as %

1950–1960 14.4 ° 14.3 ° ° 10.9 15.71960–1970 11.8 ° 12.7 ° ° 12.5 10.91970–1980 10.2 ° 10.1 ° ° 8.9 10.61980–1990 6.9 6.8 7.6 7.5 9.1 7.1 6.31990–2000 6.5 6.2 8.4 7.7 17.2 8.1 4.12000–2010 3.1 2.0 4.0 1.5 14.8 4.9 1.12010–2018 1.6 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.3 2.3 3.1

* written gross premiums1 from 2005 incl. Pensionskassen and pension funds covered by the GDV statistics2 from 2013 figures not comparable to previous years due to a change in collection of

data3 without single premiums from life insurance4 until 2000 incl. single premiums from supplementary insurance in life insurance5 until 2000 without single premiums from supplementary insurance in life insurance6 German direct business; without insurance premium tax; insurance classes covering

fire incl. fire brigade tax; without nuclear insurance and pecuniary damage liability insurance; until 2002 without fidelity insurance; until 2009 without aviation insurance as well as aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance

7 provisional figure8 statistical special effect, adjusted rate of change: 3.5 %9 adjusted rate of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV; PKV; BaFin

06 Insurance premium income* by legal form**

yearjoint stock

companies1

mutual insurance

associations

insurance insti-tutions under

public law other2

market share as %3

1951 61.1 31.6 4.5 2.81960 64.3 27.8 3.8 4.11970 64.0 28.0 4.2 3.819754 63.7 28.0 4.5 3.81980 63.8 27.5 4.8 3.91985 62.3 27.8 5.9 4.019904 69.1 19.9 8.3 2.61991 70.4 19.6 7.5 2.61992 70.7 19.3 7.5 2.51993 71.2 19.2 7.6 2.11994 72.2 18.9 7.0 1.91995 73.3 19.3 5.9 1.51996 74.1 18.7 6.0 1.21997 73.8 18.9 6.0 1.31998 75.4 18.2 5.0 1.31999 75.6 17.9 5.1 1.32000 77.5 17.0 4.4 1.02001 80.2 15.4 3.3 1.12002 81.9 15.0 2.0 1.12003 83.5 14.1 1.5 0.92004 83.2 14.5 1.5 0.92005 82.7 14.9 1.5 0.92006 82.6 15.0 1.5 0.92007 83.0 14.6 1.4 0.92008 82.6 15.1 1.5 0.82009 81.8 15.8 1.5 0.92010 82.6 15.0 1.5 0.92011 82.5 15.2 1.4 0.82012 82.3 15.4 1.5 0.82013 82.7 15.0 1.5 0.82014 82.8 15.0 1.5 0.72015 82.8 15.0 1.5 0.72016 83.5 14.3 1.5 0.72017 83.2 14.8 1.4 0.6

* life insurers, healthcare insurers, property & casualty insurers, reinsurers, Pensionskas-sen and funeral expenses funds, until 1985 without reinsurance companies; until 1970 insurance companies under German federal supervision, from 1975 to 1989 insurance companies under federal and Land supervision, from 1990 insurance companies under German supervision without small mutual insurance associations under Land supervision mostly limited to a particular region

** joint stock companies that due to their ownership structure are part of the public sector and joint stock companies whose shareholders are mutual insurance associations are included in joint stock companies

1 incl. SE2 mostly German establishments of foreign-based insurance companies, from 1994

without establishments of insurance companies based inside the EEA3 share of legal form in gross premiums; until 1985 written gross premiums, from 1990

earned gross premiums4 due to modified classification, figures not comparable to previous year


07Insurance benefits by class of business

year

total of primary

insur-ance1, 2

life1 healthcare2

property & casualty5total3

of which benefits

paid to pol-icy-holders total4

of which benefits

paid to pol-icy-holders

in EUR m

1980 34,101 15,157 5,788 4,567 3,592 14,3521990 71,253 34,909 17,888 9,504 7,085 26,8401995 116,695 61,742 30,817 16,804 10,719 38,1492000 152,534 88,080 49,405 24,050 13,615 40,4042005 164,722 94,625 64,007 30,455 17,300 39,6432007 165,925 90,869 66,161 33,006 18,898 42,0492008 146,310 70,780 71,876 33,648 20,169 41,8822009 181,735 104,646 71,196 35,191 21,121 41,8972010 189,253 107,361 71,915 38,612 21,916 43,2812011 175,266 93,008 84,971 38,484 22,774 43,7742012 196,483 111,506 75,745 40,729 23,287 44,2492013 205,739 114,392 79,417 41,695 24,349 49,6532014 207,948 120,395 84,418 42,168 24,791 45,3852015 208,781 116,501 82,002 44,134 25,908 48,1462016 208,111 115,028 87,667 43,830 26,592 49,2532017 217,159 119,679 76,910 47,362 27,206 50,1182018 ° 96,821 78,834 ° 28,5606 52,490


2008 -11.8 -22.1 8.6 1.9 6.7 -0.42009 24.2 47.8 -0.9 4.6 4.7 0.02010 4.1 2.6 1.0 9.7 3.8 3.32011 -7.4 -13.4 18.2 -0.3 3.9 1.12012 12.1 19.9 -10.9 5.8 2.3 1.12013 x 2.6 4.8 x x 12.22014 1.1 5.2 6.3 1.1 1.8 -8.62015 0.4 -3.2 -2.9 4.7 4.5 5.97

2016 -0.3 -1.3 6.9 -0.7 2.6 2.32017 4.3 4.0 -12.3 8.1 2.3 1.82018 ° -19.1 2.5 ° 5.06 4.7


1980–1990 7.6 8.7 11.9 7.6 7.0 6.51990–2000 7.9 9.7 10.7 9.7 6.7 4.22000–2010 2.2 2.0 3.8 4.8 4.9 0.72010–2018 2.08 -1.3 1.2 3.08 3.4 2.4

1 without Pensionskassen and pension funds2 from 2013 figures not comparable to previous years due to a change in the collection of

data3 cash benefits paid to policyholders and increase in liabilities to policyholders4 total expenditures on benefits paid, premium refunds and allocations to ageing reserve5 gross claims incurred for the accounting year, German direct business; without nuclear

insurance and pecuniary damage liability insurance; until 2002 without fidelity insurance; until 2009 without aviation insurance and aircraft as well as spacecraft liability insurance

6 provisional figure7 adjusted rate of change due to a change in basic population8 2010–2017

Source GDV; PKV

08Insurance portfolio by class of business

yeartotal of prima-ry insurance1, 2 life1 healthcare2, 3

property & casualty4

contracts (numbers in m)

1980 232.0 65.7 8.5 157.81985 251.9 67.5 9.6 174.91990 284.5 72.4 11.8 200.31995 ° 81.1 ° 242.82000 371.1 87.6 21.3 262.12005 397.1 96.9 25.5 274.72007 410.0 97.2 28.6 284.22008 412.2 96.3 29.6 286.22009 414.7 95.1 30.3 289.42010 418.3 94.2 30.9 293.22011 421.0 93.6 31.5 296.02012 423.3 93.0 32.0 298.32013 424.3 91.8 32.8 299.720145 426.8 92.4 33.2 301.22015 428.9 91.0 33.6 304.32016 431.0 89.2 33.9 307.92017 434.6 88.0 34.3 312.42018 437.86 87.2 34.86 315.8


2008 0.5 -1.0 3.7 0.72009 0.6 -1.3 2.3 1.12010 0.9 -0.9 1.9 1.32011 0.7 -0.7 2.0 1.02012 0.5 -0.6 1.8 0.82013 x -1.2 x 0.520145 x x 1.2 0.77

2015 0.5 -1.6 1.1 1.02016 0.5 -1.9 0.9 1.22017 0.9 -1.4 1.2 1.42018 0.76 -0.8 1.46 1.1


1980–1990 2.1 1.0 3.3 2.41990–2000 2.7 1.9 6.1 2.72000–2010 1.2 0.7 3.8 1.12010–2018 0.6 -1.0 1.5 0.9

1 from 2005 incl. Pensionskassen and pension funds covered by the GDV statistics2 from 2013 figures not comparable to previous years due to a change in the collection of

data3 number of persons with comprehensive cover and supplementary insurance contracts,

without compulsory long-term care insurance and special types of insurance4 German direct business; without nuclear insurance and pecuniary damage liability

insurance; until 2000 without marine insurance; until 2006 without credit, surety and fidelity insurance; until 2009 without aviation insurance and aircraft as well as spacecraft liability insurance

5 as at 1 January 2014 in life insurance a residual debt insurance portfolio was transferred from a non-member to a member company, figures not comparable to previous year

6 provisional figure7 adjusted rate of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV; PKV; BaFin

09Insurance density and insurance penetration by class of business

year1

insurance density2 insurance penetration4

total life3health-

careproperty

& casualty total life3health-

careproperty

& casualty

in EUR as %

1950 23 ° ° ° 2.36 ° ° °1960 80 ° ° ° 2.91 ° ° °1970 224 ° ° ° 3.79 ° ° °1980 459 169 62 229 4.57 1.68 0.61 2.281991 989 387 131 470 5.02 1.97 0.67 2.391992 1,074 426 143 504 5.13 2.03 0.68 2.411993 1,180 474 162 545 5.49 2.20 0.75 2.541994 1,289 520 177 591 5.74 2.32 0.79 2.631995 1,362 552 201 609 5.87 2.38 0.86 2.631996 1,401 579 214 608 5.97 2.47 0.91 2.591997 1,445 615 226 603 6.03 2.57 0.94 2.521998 1,471 640 236 595 5.98 2.60 0.96 2.421999 1,550 715 242 592 6.17 2.85 0.96 2.362000 1,597 744 252 601 6.21 2.89 0.98 2.332001 1,639 759 263 616 6.20 2.87 1.00 2.332002 1,708 791 280 638 6.38 2.96 1.04 2.382003 1,790 831 300 659 6.65 3.09 1.11 2.452004 1,844 853 320 672 6.70 3.10 1.16 2.442005 1,916 913 332 672 6.87 3.27 1.19 2.412006 1,967 953 346 668 6.77 3.28 1.19 2.302007 1,982 960 358 663 6.48 3.14 1.17 2.172008 2,006 971 370 666 6.42 3.11 1.18 2.132009 2,096 1,042 385 669 6.97 3.46 1.28 2.222010 2,188 1,105 407 675 6.93 3.50 1.29 2.14 20115 2,217 1,081 432 705 6.59 3.21 1.28 2.092012 2,255 1,085 442 728 6.58 3.17 1.29 2.132013 2,321 1,125 446 750 6.63 3.21 1.28 2.142014 2,372 1,154 447 771 6.57 3.19 1.24 2.132015 2,360 1,128 448 784 6.36 3.04 1.21 2.112016 2,355 1,100 451 803 6.15 2.87 1.18 2.102017 2,392 1,095 472 825 6.04 2.77 1.19 2.0820186 2,438 1,108 479 851 5.98 2.72 1.17 2.09

1 until 1980 former FRG territory, from 1991 Germany2 written gross premiums of primary insurers, in relation to inhabitants3 from 2001 incl. Pensionskassen and pension funds covered by the GDV statistics4 written gross premiums of primary insurers, in relation to GDP5 insurance density: revision of population statistics, figures not comparable to previous

year6 partly provisional figures

Source: GDV

10 Employment in the insurance industry by federal state

federal state total1em-

ployees2

self-em-ployed ins.

interme-diaries /

advisers3 total1em-

ployees2

self-em-ployed ins.

interme-diaries /

advisers3

numbers in 1,000

2008 2010

Baden-Württemberg 68.2 33.2 35.0 73.9 36.4 37.4Bavaria 102.3 58.7 43.7 109.5 61.7 47.8Berlin 18.9 10.9 8.0 20.0 11.3 8.6Brandenburg 12.1 2.8 9.4 12.5 2.9 9.6Bremen 4.5 3.2 1.3 4.6 3.2 1.4Hamburg 26.1 22.1 3.9 23.4 19.1 4.3Hesse 44.6 26.0 18.6 48.1 28.3 19.8Lower Saxony 40.3 19.9 20.4 43.3 21.6 21.7Meckl.-West. Pomeran. 8.2 2.9 5.3 8.4 2.9 5.5North-Rhine Westphal. 120.2 74.8 45.4 126.1 77.3 48.9Rhineland-Palatinate 20.0 7.5 12.5 21.1 7.8 13.3Saarland 7.2 3.8 3.4 7.4 3.9 3.5Saxony 23.8 8.1 15.7 26.0 9.6 16.3Saxony-Anhalt 10.9 3.4 7.5 11.1 3.3 7.8Schleswig-Holstein 12.6 5.0 7.6 13.5 5.4 8.1Thuringia 12.1 3.3 8.8 12.7 3.5 9.3Germany 531.9 285.3 246.6 561.6 298.2 263.5

2017 2018

Baden-Württemberg 66.6 33.3 33.2 67.5 35.8 31.7Bavaria 106.3 63.0 43.3 102.7 60.5 42.3Berlin 17.7 10.8 6.9 17.2 10.4 6.8Brandenburg 10.5 2.8 7.7 10.1 2.7 7.4Bremen 4.2 3.1 1.1 4.2 3.1 1.2Hamburg 25.1 21.1 4.0 23.5 19.5 4.0Hesse 45.4 28.2 17.2 44.5 27.9 16.6Lower Saxony 41.7 23.7 18.0 40.9 24.1 16.8Meckl.-West. Pomeran. 6.3 2.2 4.1 6.0 2.1 3.9North-Rhine Westphal. 117.0 75.4 41.6 115.5 75.9 39.6Rhineland-Palatinate 19.4 8.2 11.2 18.5 8.3 10.2Saarland 6.3 3.8 2.6 6.1 3.7 2.4Saxony 21.2 8.0 13.2 20.1 7.8 12.3Saxony-Anhalt 9.2 3.0 6.2 8.5 2.9 5.6Schleswig-Holstein 12.3 5.3 7.1 11.9 5.2 6.7Thuringia 9.7 2.7 7.0 9.2 2.6 6.5Germany 513.0 292.2 220.8 495.4 4 291.2 204.14

1 employees subject to social security contributions in primary insurance and reinsurance companies and insurance intermediation firms as well as self-employed insurance intermediaries / advisers

2 employees subject to social security contributions in primary insurance and reinsurance companies and insurance intermediation firms; as at 30 June

3 as per end of year4 due to different cut-off dates the sum of self-employed insurance intermediaries /

advisers by federal states differs from the overall number of self-employed insurance intermediaries / advisers (201,600)

Source: AGV/BA; DIHK; GDV

11Employees in the insurance industry by field of activity*

year1 total2

insurance companiestotal3 office staff trainees4 field staff

numbers in 1,000

1950 ° 54.2 ° ° °1960 ° 116.2 ° ° °1970 ° 189.5 134.9 11.2 43.41980 ° 202.3 152.1 10.5 39.71985 ° 197.3 147.0 13.2 37.11990 254.7 233.2 167.2 15.9 50.11991 268.6 251.9 183.6 17.1 51.21992 279.8 259.0 184.9 17.4 56.71993 283.9 255.9 181.9 17.2 56.81994 281.4 250.0 180.5 14.8 54.71995 273.8 245.6 179.2 13.3 53.11996 ° 241.7 177.5 12.2 52.01997 269.3 239.3 175.2 12.7 51.41998 292.8 238.8 174.6 13.9 50.31999 293.6 239.6 174.0 14.8 50.82000 299.7 240.2 174.3 15.4 50.52001 302.5 245.4 178.2 15.9 51.32002 312.4 248.1 179.7 16.1 52.32003 311.1 244.3 178.1 15.2 51.02004 308.4 240.8 176.6 14.1 50.12005 306.1 233.3 171.5 13.1 48.72006 299.1 225.7 167.6 12.2 45.92007 292.0 218.9 162.9 11.7 44.32008 285.3 216.3 161.5 11.6 43.22009 300.0 216.5 160.3 12.6 43.62010 298.2 216.4 160.2 13.2 43.02011 300.4 215.5 160.4 13.3 41.82012 301.3 214.1 160.6 13.1 40.42013 300.9 212.7 160.3 12.7 39.72014 296.25 211.1 160.6 12.1 38.42015 295.6 210.4 161.2 11.9 37.32016 295.8 207.2 159.8 11.4 36.02017 292.2 204.7 159.4 11.1 34.22018 291.2 201.9 158.9 10.7 32.3

* BA data for insurance industry not directly comparable to AGV data for insurance companies

1 until 1985 former FRG territory, from 1990 Germany2 employees subject to social security contributions in primary insurance and reinsurance

companies and insurance intermediation firms; as at 30 June3 office staff, field staff and trainees, without employees in passive phase of partial

retirement according to the Partial Retirement Act; as per end of year4 Kaufleute für Versicherungen und Finanzen (insurance and finance clerks), general office

occupations a.o.5 revised figure for 2014

Source: AGV; AGV/BA

12 Self-employed insurance inter-mediaries and advisers*

year total

insurance intermediaries

insurance advisers4total

tied insurance interme-

diaries1

insurance agents

with authori-

zation2

insur-ance

brokers

product accessory interme-

diaries3

numbers in 1,000

2008 246.6 246.4 172.6 32.5 38.9 2.5 0.22009 255.5 255.4 176.7 33.8 42.0 2.9 0.22010 263.5 263.3 182.2 33.8 44.2 3.0 0.22011 257.8 257.6 175.8 33.1 45.6 3.1 0.22012 253.4 253.1 171.8 32.0 46.3 3.1 0.32013 246.8 246.5 165.7 31.1 46.5 3.1 0.32014 239.6 239.3 158.7 30.6 46.8 3.3 0.32015 233.4 233.1 152.9 30.1 46.6 3.4 0.32016 228.3 228.0 147.6 29.9 46.7 3.7 0.32017 220.8 220.5 140.2 29.7 46.8 3.8 0.32018 201.6 201.3 121.3 28.9 46.5 4.5 0.3

* as per end of year, 2008: as at April 20091 tied agents registered by insurance companies under section 34d para. 4 GewO2 tied agents representing one or multiple insurance companies licensed by the

competent Chamber of Industry and Commerce3 traders who mediate insurance as a supplement to the products or services provided as

part of their principal activity and perform their activity as an insurance intermediary on direct behalf of one or several insurance intermediaries who have received authorization or of one or several insurance companies (section 34d para. 3 GewO)

4 traders who provide professional insurance advice without remuneration from an insurance company or being otherwise dependent on it (section 34e GewO)

Source: DIHK

13Share of distribution channels in new business in the insurance industry

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018as %

life insurance1

single-tied or insurance group intermediaries 41.5 40.4 40.7 39.8 40.1

as main occupation 35.2 34.4 35.2 34.2 34.7as side job 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8employed field staff 5.3 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.6

brokers and multiple agents 31.9 33.3 33.9 35.1 35.6brokers 26.4 26.8 26.8 28.2 28.8multiple agents 5.5 6.5 7.1 6.9 6.8

credit institutions 20.8 20.4 19.6 18.4 18.6as single-tied intermediaries 14.5 14.3 13.6 12.2 12.3as brokers and multiple agents 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.2 6.3

direct selling2 3.3 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.2other 2.5 2.9 3.6 4.5 3.5

healthcare insurance3






property & casualty insurance4






1 according to total of mediated premiums2 incl. comparison websites3 according to mediated monthly premium4 property, accident, liability, motor and legal expenses insurance; according to mediated

annual premium

Source: GDV

14 Development of the investments of the insurance industry*

year

accounting year's balance sheet values1

net new in- vestments2

gross new investments

disinvestments

in EUR bn

change against

previous year as % in EUR bn in EUR bn

change against

previous year as % in EUR bn

change against

previous year as %

19603 10.555 x 1.518 2.203 x 0.685 x1970 37.494 x 3.620 6.208 x 2.298 x1975 72.385 x 8.224 14.992 x 6.450 x1980 126.231 x 12.837 25.340 x 11.278 x1985 211.946 x 20.117 45.823 x 24.800 x1990 321.699 x 23.201 70.032 x 43.090 x1991 353.518 9.9 27.097 81.872 16.9 53.357 23.81992 386.112 9.2 32.114 90.861 11.0 56.808 6.51993 425.539 10.2 39.353 111.755 23.0 71.529 25.91994 469.071 10.2 44.002 127.173 13.8 80.390 12.41995 521.448 11.2 48.962 136.466 7.3 85.877 6.81996 573.918 10.1 53.094 150.191 10.1 95.522 11.21997 630.373 9.8 54.350 161.625 7.6 105.179 10.11998 688.436 9.2 57.346 200.391 24.0 139.939 33.01999 751.493 9.2 66.667 208.785 4.2 143.520 2.62000 802.660 6.8 53.288 205.450 -1.6 137.147 -4.42001 871.529 8.6 71.682 284.509 38.5 206.910 50.92002 927.026 6.4 64.077 368.107 29.4 273.052 32.02003 981.143 5.8 54.028 350.596 -4.8 282.387 3.42004 1,010.280 3.0 29.068 284.862 -18.7 251.179 -11.12005 1,068.036 5.7 61.489 308.377 8.3 248.013 -1.32006 1,114.884 4.4 57.152 367.042 19.0 307.978 24.22007 1,151.337 3.3 39.941 375.926 2.4 330.566 7.32008 1,164.096 1.1 24.680 407.665 8.4 365.200 10.52009 1,193.930 2.6 37.965 381.510 -6.4 340.306 -6.82010 1,239.526 3.8 54.875 382.733 0.3 324.414 -4.72011 1,270.767 2.5 30.690 374.410 -2.2 336.584 3.82012 1,325.259 4.3 56.038 372.071 -0.6 316.280 -6.02013 1,376.929 3.9 52.583 391.676 5.3 336.553 6.42014 1,432.755 4.1 55.419 401.706 2.6 345.253 2.62015 1,490.259 4.0 58.470 449.512 11.9 385.150 11.62016 1,549.695 4.0 64.556 343.538 -23.6 277.372 -28.02017 1,596.175 3.0 51.230 375.489 9.3 327.784 18.2


1960–70 13.5 x 9.1 10.9 x 12.9 x1970–80 12.9 x 13.5 15.1 x 17.2 x1980–90 9.8 x 6.1 10.7 x 14.3 x1990–00 9.6 x 8.7 11.4 x 12.3 x2000–10 4.4 x 0.3 6.4 x 9.0 x2010–17 3.7 x -1.0 -0.3 x 0.1 x

* life, healthcare, property & casualty insurers and reinsurers, without Pensionskassen and pension funds; data from BaFin’s primary insurance and reinsurance statistics

1 without deposit receivables from business assumed as reinsurance cover and investments where the risk is carried by policyholders (in particular from unit-linked life insurance)

2 difference between investments at the beginning and end of the year3 property & casualty insurers without property, livestock and hail insurers and mutual

ship insurance associations

Source: BaFin

15Investment portfolio of the insurance industry*

2011 2015 2016 2017 2018

in EUR bn

life insurers 742.7 851.5 885.1 909.2 930.4healthcare insurers 189.6 246.9 260.7 273.0 288.0property & casualty insurers 138.0 160.6 164.9 168.8 167.5reinsurers 242.1 284.0 285.9 284.5 °total 1,312.4 1,543.0 1,596.6 1,635.5 °total of primary insurers 1,070.4 1,259.0 1,310.7 1,351.0 1,385.9

by class of business primary

insurers, totallife

insurershealthcare

insurersproperty

& casualty insurers

2018

in EUR bn

bonds and debentures 1,154.8 786.2 248.8 119.8shares 71.6 44.9 13.8 12.8participating interests 90.2 53.4 11.4 25.5real estate 46.7 31.1 9.2 6.5other investments 22.5 14.8 4.8 2.9total 1,385.9 930.4 288.0 167.5

as % of investments

bonds and debentures 83.3 84.5 86.4 71.6shares 5.2 4.8 4.8 7.7participating interests 6.5 5.7 4.0 15.2real estate 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.9other investments 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* without Pensionskassen and pension funds; as per end of year; incl. deposit receivables from the insurance business assumed as reinsurance cover; without investments where the investment risk is carried by the policyholder (in particular from unit-linked life insurance)

Source: BaFin, GDV

16 Investment portfolio of primary insurers*: in absolute figures

type of investment 2011 2014 2015 2016 2017 20181

in EUR bn

bonds and debentures2 949.5 1,064.8 1,090.4 1,115.4 1,147.3 1,154.8mortgages3 54.7 54.5 56.0 58.3 62.0 72.0loans ° ° ° ° ° 411.1bearer bonds and other fixed-income securities ° ° ° ° ° 283.1

bonds and debentures held in funds 220.3 292.2 312.0 332.9 349.8 383.5

deposits at credit institutions ° ° ° ° ° 5.0

shares 30.2 44.8 56.3 61.7 68.5 71.6participating interests4 38.2 38.9 42.8 57.5 51.2 90.2real estate 36.1 42.3 44.3 46.6 52.1 46.7other investments 16.4 20.6 25.2 29.5 31.9 22.5total 1,070.4 1,211.4 1,259.0 1,310.7 1,351.0 1,385.9


1 due to modified classification, figures not comparable to previous years2 breakdown only available from 2018 onwards due to modified classification3 from 2018 incl. mortgage and bond claims4 from 2018 incl. investments in affiliated companies

Source: BaFin, GDV

16Investment portfolio of primary insurers*: in percentages


as %

bonds and debentures2 88.7 87.9 86.6 85.1 84.9 83.3mortgages3 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.6 5.2loans ° ° ° ° ° 29.7bearer bonds and other fixed-in-come securities ° ° ° ° ° 20.4

bonds and debentures held in funds 20.6 24.1 24.8 25.4 25.9 27.7

deposits at credit institutions ° ° ° ° ° 0.4shares 2.8 3.7 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.2participating interests4 3.6 3.2 3.4 4.4 3.8 6.5real estate 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.4other investments 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.4 1.6total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


1 due to modified classification, figures not comparable to previous years2 breakdowns may only be available for 2018 onwards due to modified classification3 from 2018 incl. mortgage and bond claims4 from 2018 incl. investments in affiliated companies

Source: BaFin, GDV

t18Selected alternative invest-ments of primary insurers*

17

2005 2010 2015 2017 2018type of investment in EUR bn (share in total investments as %)

primary insurers, total1

private equity2 2.9 (0.3) 7.8 (0.6) 14.9 (0.9) 18.8 (1.2) 21.5 (1.4)asset-backed securities and credit-linked notes 12.6 (1.3) 13.5 (1.2) 11.1 (0.8) 10.5 (0.8) 9.9 (0.7)

hedge funds3, 4 4.2 (0.4) 5.5 (0.5) 2.8 (0.2) 3.8 (0.3) ° (°)investments with commodity risks4 ° (°) ° (°) 2.3 (0.2) 3.4 (0.3) ° (°)

life insurers5

private equity6 2.1 (0.3) 5.0 (0.7) 8.6 (1.0) 11.2 (1.2) ° (°)asset-backed securities and credit-linked notes 9.1 (1.4) 9.1 (1.3) 7.0 (0.8) 6.8 (0.8) 5.3 (0.6)


healthcare insurers



property & casualty insurers



* as per end of year1 incl. Pensionskassen2 direct and indirect investment, incl. Pensionskassen and funeral expenses funds; 2018:

as at June 20183 investments in hedge funds and tied to hedge funds4 directly and in funds5 without Pensionskassen and pension funds6 direct and indirect investments

Source: BaFin, GDV

Solvability of the insurance industry*18

reporting date

insurance companies subject to

Solvency II

standard formula

users

solvency ratio

own funds eligible for

SCR

solvency capital

requirement (SCR)

numbers numbers as % in EUR bn in EUR bn

life insurance1

1 January 2016 84 77 283 108.8 38.431 December 2016 84 73 344 120.6 35.131 December 2017 83 72 401 126.3 31.531 December 2018 84 73 461 126.4 27.4



reinsurance


* 2016: figures for total market, Source: Bafin; 2017 and 2018: companies under Bafin supervision, figures for total market in life insurance, market coverage in property & causualty insurance and reinsurance over 98 % respectively, source: GDV

1 without Pensionskassen and pension funds

Source: BaFin; GDV

19 Foreign-controlled German primary insurers*

country of origin

total1 life insurers healthcare insurers


2017

premiums in EUR m2 (number of insurance companies)

France 10,818.6 (7) 3,201.8 (2) 3,058.7 (1) 4,558.1 (4)United Kingdom 21.8 (1) 21.8 (1) - (-) - (-)Italy 10,390.2 (9) 4,653.4 (3) 2,056.6 (2) 3,680.3 (4)Malta 0.0 (1) - (-) - (-) 0.0 (1)Netherlands 410.7 (2) 410.7 (2) - (-) - (-)Austria 116.5 (1) - (-) - (-) 116.5 (1)Spain 309.0 (1) - (-) - (-) 309.0 (1)total EU 22,066.9 (22) 8,287.7 (8) 5,115.3 (3) 8,663.9 (11)Russia 36.0 (1) - (-) - (-) 36.0 (1)Switzerland 5,032.8 (6) 4,000.0 (3) - (-) 1,032.9 (3)other countries 5,942.4 (4) 5,942.4 (4) - (-) - (-)total 33,078.1 (33) 18,230.0 (15) 5,115.3 (3) 9,732.8 (15)

market share as %3

total 15.9 21.2 13.1 11.8

* German insurance companies with foreign direct or indirect majority interests of more than 50 %; allocation by country of origin according to majority shareholder’s headquarters

1 without Pensionskassen and pension funds2 written gross premiums3 in terms of written gross premiums

Source: BaFin

20Foreign primary insurers with German business by way of European passport

year1

branchesoperating by

way of freedom of services2

life non-lifeEEA non-EEA EEA non-EEA

numbers

2000 13 4 70 11 5362001 14 4 72 8 5522002 17 4 69 9 6102003 17 4 69 8 6472004 19 4 68 7 6902005 16 4 69 8 7582006 17 3 58 6 8042007 18 3 61 6 8212008 21 3 62 6 8872009 21 3 57 6 9192010 19 2 60 4 9262011 18 2 60 4 9382012 17 2 60 3 9312013 18 2 59 3 8992014 18 2 59 3 8862015 18 2 63 3 8822016 17 2 62 2 8542017 18 1 65 2 823

1 as per end of year2 only companies from the EEA

Source: BaFin

21 German insurance business written by primary insurers based inside the EEA*

year

premiums in EUR m1 (market share as %2)

total through branchesby way of freedom

of services

life

1996 214 (0.4) 155 (0.3) 59 (0.1)2000 1,211 (1.9) 162 (0.3) 1,049 (1.7)2007 5,528 (6.9) 1,019 (1.3) 4,509 (5.6)2008 5,158 (6.4) 999 (1.2) 4,159 (5.2)2009 4,321 (5.1) 1,066 (1.3) 3,255 (3.9)2010 4,667 (5.1) 1,161 (1.3) 3,506 (3.9)2011 4,888 (5.6) 2,261 (2.6) 2,627 (3.0)2012 4,702 (5.4) 2,235 (2.6) 2,467 (2.8)2013 4,903 (5.4) 2,297 (2.6) 2,606 (2.8)2014 4,755 (5.1) 2,389 (2.5) 2,366 (2.5)2015 4,934 (5.4) 2,289 (2.5) 2,645 (2.9)2016 4,703 (5.2) 2,492 (2.8) 2,211 (2.5)2017 5,214 (5.8) 2,725 (3.0) 2,490 (2.8)

non-life

1996 641 (0.9) 518 (0.7) 123 (0.2)2000 846 (1.2) 455 (0.6) 391 (0.5)2007 3,261 (3.6) 1,982 (2.2) 1,280 (1.4)2008 3,254 (3.6) 1,960 (2.2) 1,294 (1.4)2009 3,991 (4.2) 2,368 (2.5) 1,623 (1.7)2010 4,028 (4.3) 2,503 (2.7) 1,526 (1.6)2011 6,090 (6.2) 4,290 (4.4) 1,800 (1.8)2012 5,480 (5.4) 3,788 (3.7) 1,691 (1.7)2013 6,351 (6.1) 4,632 (4.4) 1,718 (1.6)2014 7,894 (7.4) 5,558 (5.2) 2,336 (2.2)2015 6,614 (6.1) 4,996 (4.6) 1,619 (1.5)2016 5,514 (5.1) 4,455 (4.1) 1,059 (1.0)2017 5,901 (5.2) 4,600 (4.0) 1,302 (1.1)

total

1996 855 (0.7) 673 (0.6) 182 (0.2)2000 2,057 (1.5) 617 (0.5) 1,440 (1.1)2007 8,789 (5.2) 3,001 (1.8) 5,789 (3.4)2008 8,412 (4.9) 2,959 (1.7) 5,453 (3.2)2009 8,312 (4.7) 3,434 (1.9) 4,878 (2.7)2010 8,694 (4.7) 3,664 (2.0) 5,030 (2.7)2011 10,978 (5.9) 6,551 (3.5) 4,427 (2.4)2012 10,182 (5.4) 6,023 (3.2) 4,158 (2.2)2013 11,253 (5.8) 6,929 (3.5) 4,324 (2.2)2014 12,649 (6.3) 7,946 (4.0) 4,703 (2.3)2015 11,548 (5.8) 7,285 (3.6) 4,263 (2.1)2016 10,217 (5.1) 6,947 (3.5) 3,271 (1.6)2017 11,115 (5.4) 7,324 (3.6) 3,791 (1.9)

* primary insurance companies based in other EEA countries1 written gross premiums, direct business2 share in total direct business in Germany


German insurance business written by primary insurers based inside the EEA*

22Cross-border direct investment in the insurance industry*

year

German direct investment in foreign insurance companiesclaims arising from

outward direct investment relations1

liabilities arising from outward direct

investment relationsbalanced direct

investments

in EUR bn

1995 11.103 ° °2000 25.963 ° °2002 32.036 ° °2003 29.610 ° °2004 30.967 ° °2005 33.056 ° °2006 31.590 ° °2007 40.735 ° °2008 44.342 ° °2009 51.761 ° °2010 59.678 6.169 53.5092011 67.285 8.948 58.3362012 75.136 9.237 65.8982013 71.105 13.662 57.4422014 78.143 14.343 63.8002015 83.121 14.652 68.4692016 84.438 18.026 66.4132017 80.323 17.708 62.615

year

foreign direct investment in German insurance companiesliabilities arising

from inward direct investment relations1

claims arising from inward direct invest-

ment relationsbalanced direct

investments

in EUR bn

1995 3.425 ° °2000 5.493 ° °2002 4.323 ° °2003 5.526 ° °2004 7.577 ° °2005 9.705 ° °2006 10.613 ° °2007 15.475 ° °2008 15.647 ° °2009 15.562 ° °2010 17.075 11.615 5.4602011 15.066 12.101 2.9652012 16.169 12.430 3.7392013 17.588 12.417 5.1712014 19.930 12.603 7.3272015 18.185 13.109 5.0762016 18.549 12.136 6.4132017 15.551 12.569 2.982

* stock as per end of year; direct investment relations in primary insurance, reinsurance, Pensionskassen, pension funds and benevolent funds; direct investment relations of insurance holding companies not included

1 from 2010 due to modified classification, figures not comparable to previous years

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank

23Market concentration in primary insurance

market share of the … largest insurance groups as %1

2009 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

life insurance

5 48.52 48.11 50.65 50.12 48.67 49.43 50.9710 67.90 68.06 68.69 68.03 67.24 67.44 68.8515 78.42 78.75 78.74 78.96 78.63 78.63 78.98

healthcare insurance

5 54.09 53.61 53.00 53.03 52.75 52.49 52.7510 78.39 78.01 77.10 76.98 76.68 76.46 76.6115 90.28 90.32 90.12 89.94 89.74 89.54 89.58

property & casualty insurance

5 42.89 44.25 44.29 44.18 44.71 44.85 43.0410 63.49 62.80 63.05 63.15 63.30 63.73 61.1115 74.95 73.94 74.04 74.38 74.36 75.04 72.13

primary insurance, total

5 43.92 44.20 44.28 43.80 43.05 43.39 42.9510 63.47 63.43 63.94 63.54 62.93 63.38 63.0515 74.41 74.25 73.82 73.78 73.39 73.38 72.57

market share of the ... largest individual insurers as %1

1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017

life insurance

5 37.43 33.00 30.77 38.10 39.20 40.52 42.6710 50.66 47.56 46.49 54.38 55.15 56.15 57.9515 61.37 58.20 58.27 66.02 67.71 67.82 68.77


5 57.03 54.10 52.23 51.33 49.76 49.51 51.5010 77.72 72.88 72.06 73.32 70.79 70.86 72.7415 90.90 84.95 83.91 85.13 83.47 83.55 85.31

property & casualty insurance

5 25.40 24.84 27.60 32.79 32.59 32.78 31.1510 37.66 37.54 39.54 46.24 46.71 47.22 46.0215 47.94 48.09 49.37 56.24 57.02 57.58 56.28

1 in terms of earned gross premiums

Source: BaFin, GDV

24Insurance industry in comparison to other industries

2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018

employment in 1,0001

retail industry 1,989.2 2,073.2 2,292.9 2,328.2 2,370.5 2,403.7engineering 996.5 939.4 1,018.6 1,020.2 1,033.3 1,062.6chemical industry 446.3 314.3 306.9 321.1 329.5 335.3car manufacturing ° 770.3 893.0 907.3 923.8 941.9insurance industry2 306.1 298.2 295.6 295.8 292.2 291.2

revenue in EUR bn

retail industry 356.1 474.4 565.3 537.5 562.2 °engineering 178.9 186.3 235.6 240.3 252.1 °chemical industry 152.8 133.0 142.4 136.5 146.5 °car manufacturing 293.8 319.3 407.2 406.7 425.3 °insurance industry3 213.7 236.6 268.4 268.8 277.1 °

1 employees subject to social security contributions; as at 30 June2 employees subject to social security contributions in primary insurance and reinsurance

companies and insurance intermediation firms, furthermore there are self-employed insurance intermediaries and advisers (2018: 201.643)

3 incl. Pensionskassen, pension funds and funeral expenses funds

Source: AGV/BA; StBA; DIHK

25 Insurance premium tax and fire brigade tax

year1

insurance premium tax fire brigade tax

tax rate as %2, 3 tax revenue

in EUR m tax rate as %4, 5 tax revenue

in EUR m1950 5 33 4 101960 5 111 4 191970 5 315 4 491975 5 586 4 961980 5 908 5 1241985 5 1,266 5 1821990 7 2,266 5 2001991 106 2,997 5 2271992 10 4,139 5 2451993 126 4,750 5 2891994 12 5,829 86 3041995 15 7,211 8 3891996 15 7,336 8 3861997 15 7,223 8 3631998 15 7,133 8 3311999 15 7,116 8 3082000 15 7,243 8 2882001 15 7,427 8 2932002 16 8,327 8 3062003 16 8,870 8 3282004 16 8,751 8 3532005 16 8,750 8 3312006 16 8,775 8 3222007 19 10,331 8 3192008 19 10,478 8 3272009 19 10,548 8 3232010 19 10,284 196 3262011 19 10,755 19 3652012 19 11,138 19 3802013 19 11,553 19 3922014 19 12,046 19 4092015 19 12,419 19 4132016 19 12,763 19 4422017 19 13,269 19 4512018 19 13,779 19 4672019 19 ° 19 °

1 until 1990 former FRG territory, from 1991 Germany2 general tax rate; particular risks/insurance classes are subject to different rates3 taxable base is the insurance premium without insurance premium tax but incl. fire

brigade tax4 general tax rate; from 1 July 2010 the tax rate for fire insurance and fire BI is 22 %5 taxable base is the insurance premium incl. calculated fire brigade tax but without

insurance premium tax; premiums of insurance contracts subject to fire brigade tax liability are only proportionately subject to insurance premium tax or fire brigade tax respectively

6 applicable from 1 July of the respective year

Source: BMF; GDV

26Life insurance companies* by legal form**

yearjoint stock companies

mutual insurance associations

ins. institutions under public law other1


1960 39 35 11 81970 39 35 11 111980 54 27 7 91990 71 25 10 62000 86 24 9 42003 77 20 5 32004 78 20 4 32005 75 20 4 32006 74 20 4 32007 75 20 4 32008 74 19 4 22009 74 19 4 22010 74 18 4 22011 74 18 4 22012 72 17 4 22013 71 17 4 22014 67 17 4 22015 64 17 4 22016 65 16 4 22017 66 16 4 1

market share as %2

1960 67.1 23.1 7.4 2.41970 66.4 22.6 7.9 3.11980 66.1 21.6 8.7 3.61990 69.6 19.0 7.7 3.72000 74.2 17.3 6.8 1.72003 83.1 13.7 1.4 1.92004 83.6 13.3 1.3 1.82005 83.4 13.5 1.3 1.92006 83.1 13.7 1.2 1.92007 83.5 13.5 1.2 1.92008 83.8 13.4 1.2 1.72009 83.6 13.4 1.2 1.82010 84.4 12.6 1.3 1.72011 84.0 13.0 1.3 1.72012 83.6 13.5 1.3 1.72013 83.6 13.5 1.3 1.62014 83.5 13.8 1.3 1.42015 83.4 13.9 1.3 1.42016 83.3 14.1 1.2 1.42017 83.5 14.2 1.0 1.3

* insurance companies under German supervision carrying on actual business, without small mutual insurance associations under Land supervision mostly limited to a particu-lar region, until 1980 only insurance companies under federal supervision

** joint stock companies that due to ownership structure are part of the public sector or whose shareholders are mutual insurance associations are included in joint stock comp.

1 mostly German branches of foreign-based insurance companies, from 2000 without branches of insurance companies based inside the EEA

2 share of legal form in gross premiums; until 1980 written gross premiums, from 1990 earned gross premiums

Source: BaFin

27 Business development life insurance, Pensionskassen and pension funds*

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013business in force

written gross premiums (EUR m)1 85,248 90,355 86,801 87,340 90,826number of contracts (m) 95.1 94.2 93.6 93.0 91.8

new businessnumber of contracts (m) 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.3 5.5premium sum (EUR bn) 156.1 162.6 173.8 169.0 149.2

regular premium contracts 135.3 135.8 151.1 146.5 123.5single premium contracts 20.8 26.8 22.6 22.5 25.7

annual premium equivalent (EUR bn)2 8.1 8.5 8.6 8.4 7.9sum insured (EUR bn) 245.3 260.1 280.4 286.0 264.4


business in forcewritten gross premiums1 7.1 6.0 -3.9 0.6 4.0number of contracts -1.3 -0.9 -0.7 -0.6 -1.2

new businessnumber of contracts -8.4 -0.3 3.2 -3.4 -13.0premium sum -10.8 4.2 6.8 -2.7 -11.7

regular premium contracts -16.5 0.4 11.3 -3.0 -15.7single premium contracts 61.7 29.0 -15.6 -0.5 14.2

annual premium equivalent2 -3.7 5.6 0.8 -2.6 -5.8sum insured -3.3 6.0 7.8 2.0 -7.5







business in forcewritten gross premiums1 3.1 -1.1 -2.0 -0.1 1.5number of contracts x3 -1.6 -1.9 -1.4 -0.8

new businessnumber of contracts 3.9 -8.1 -1.1 -3.4 -0.7premium sum 5.1 -4.2 1.4 -3.0 3.1

regular premium contracts 3.5 -4.1 3.0 -3.6 2.8single premium contracts 12.9 -4.2 -5.6 0.2 4.7

annual premium equivalent2 6.8 -3.6 -0.1 -2.8 2.8sum insured 3.8 -0.8 3.0 2.0 -1.6

* beside life insurers, the GDV statistics currently cover 20 inter-company Pensionskassen and 16 pension funds (mostly institutions newly established by insurers)

1 without premiums resulting from bonus and rebate provisions2 new business one year’s regular premiums plus 10 % of single premiums3 as at 1 January 2014 a residual debt insurance portfolio was transferred from a

non-member to a member company, figure not comparable to previous year

Source: GDV

28Business development in life insurance*







business in forcewritten gross premiums1 6.6 7.1 -4.6 1.1 4.0number of contracts -1.5 -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 -1.4

new businessnumber of contracts -8.1 -0.2 2.9 -4.7 -11.4premium sum -10.9 4.8 6.3 -2.3 -11.4

regular premium contracts -16.4 0.4 11.1 -2.9 -15.3single premium contracts 59.3 33.9 -17.4 1.2 13.9

annual premium equivalent2 -4.0 6.6 0.0 -2.0 -5.5sum insured -3.0 6.1 7.7 2.3 -7.3



new businessnumber of contracts (m) 5.5 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.9

premium sum (EUR bn) 152.9 145.5 148.3 144.1 149.9regular premium contracts 124.4 119.6 123.4 119.4 123.1

single premium contracts 28.5 25.9 24.9 24.8 26.8annual premium equivalent (EUR bn)2 8.2 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.9sum insured (EUR bn) 272.0 270.3 278.7 284.8 280.5


business in forcewritten gross premiums1 3.3 -2.5 -1.5 -0.2 2.5number of contracts x3 -1.7 -1.9 -1.5 -0.9

new businessnumber of contracts 4.2 -7.9 -0.7 -3.2 -0.8premium sum 5.5 -4.8 1.9 -2.8 4.0

regular premium contracts 3.9 -3.8 3.2 -3.3 3.2single premium contracts 13.0 -9.0 -4.1 -0.3 8.2

annual premium equivalent2 7.1 -5.0 0.6 -2.8 4.1sum insured 3.9 -0.6 3.1 2.2 -1.5

* without Pensionskassen and pension funds1 without premiums resulting from bonus and rebate provisions2 new business one year’s regular premiums plus 10 % of single premiums3 as at 1 January 2014 a residual debt insurance portfolio was transferred from a

non-member to a member company, figure not comparable to previous year

Source: GDV

29Business development of Pensionskassen*


written gross premiums (EUR m)1 2,821 2,787 2,812 2,863 2,954number of contracts (in m) 3.286 3.380 3.500 3.607 3.660

new businessnumber of contracts (in m) 0.177 0.174 0.194 0.174 0.133premium sum (EUR bn) 4.618 4.550 5.372 4.916 3.736




business in forcewritten gross premiums1 -0.2 -1.2 0.9 1.8 3.2number of contracts 2.9 2.9 3.6 3.0 1.5

new businessnumber of contracts -20.4 -1.7 11.7 -10.5 -23.7premium sum -19.0 -1.5 18.1 -8.5 -24.0

regular premium contracts -19.5 -1.1 18.3 -9.1 -26.3single premium contracts 4.6 -15.0 7.5 17.8 53.2

annual premium equivalent2 -20.9 1.4 16.1 -7.8 -19.3sum insured -20.9 -0.3 16.7 -16.0 -26.3


written gross premiums (EUR m)1 2,827 2,819 2,724 2,623 2,516number of contracts (in m) 3.719 3.750 3.736 3.706 3.700





business in forcewritten gross premiums1 -4.3 -0.3 -3.3 -3.7 -4.1number of contracts 1.6 0.8 -0.4 -0.8 -0.2

new businessnumber of contracts -2.0 -16.1 -16.0 -23.2 -7.7premium sum -11.0 -15.5 -11.1 -21.0 -25.2

regular premium contracts -9.9 -17.3 -10.7 -22.0 -26.9single premium contracts -28.9 21.9 -17.2 -5.3 -4.8

annual premium equivalent2 -13.5 -13.4 -8.4 -16.2 -17.5sum insured -9.3 -23.5 -8.2 -22.8 -22.9

* the GDV statistics currently cover 20 inter-company Pensionskassen (mostly institutions newly established by insurers)

1 without premiums resulting from bonus and rebate provisions2 new business one year’s regular premiums plus 10 % of single premiums

Source: GDV

30Business development of pension funds*


written gross premiums (EUR m)1 1,055 409 799 396 435number of contracts (in m) 0.289 0.317 0.344 0.464 0.488



annual premium equivalent (EUR bn)2 0.107 0.043 0.078 0.039 0.040


business in forcewritten gross premiums1 132.6 -61.2 95.2 -50.4 10.0number of contracts 10.3 9.6 8.6 34.7 5.3

new businessnumber of contracts 16.1 3.5 3.1 287.4 -75.9premium sum 76.8 -50.4 50.1 -38.8 -2.9

regular premium contracts -9.3 0.9 -20.8 18.8 -17.9single premium contracts 166.9 -68.7 131.3 -61.3 15.2

annual premium equivalent2 119.5 -59.8 80.6 -50.1 3.6


written gross premiums (EUR m)1 543 1,836 1,368 1,516 757number of contracts (in m) 0.510 0.532 0.467 0.490 0.522



annual premium equivalent (EUR bn)2 0.050 0.180 0.136 0.149 0.076


business in forcewritten gross premiums1 24.7 238.5 -25.5 10.8 -50.1number of contracts 4.5 4.3 -12.1 4.9 6.5

new businessnumber of contracts -15.6 -4.9 -20.2 50.8 26.6premium sum 17.9 201.7 -19.1 8.5 -37.1

regular premium contracts -0.6 12.9 34.0 0.4 32.3single premium contracts 33.8 321.9 -28.1 11.1 -57.0

annual premium equivalent2 23.1 263.6 -24.7 9.7 -49.1

* the GDV statistics currently cover 16 pension funds (mostly institutions newly established by insurers)

1 without premiums resulting from bonus and rebate provisions2 new business one year’s regular premiums plus 10 % of single premiums

Source: GDV

31Premium income* in life insurance

year

life insurance Pensionskassen/ pension funds1

total

in EUR m

change against

previous year as % in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1975 8,218 x – x 8,218 x1980 13,215 x – x 13,215 x1985 18,385 x – x 18,385 x1990 27,403 x – x 27,403 x1991 31,098 13.5 – x 31,098 13.51992 34,489 10.9 – x 34,489 10.91993 38,514 11.7 – x 38,514 11.71994 42,416 10.1 – x 42,416 10.11995 45,201 6.6 – x 45,201 6.61996 47,494 5.1 – x 47,494 5.119972 50,500 4.8 – x 50,500 4.81998 52,505 4.0 – x 52,505 4.01999 58,749 11.9 – x 58,749 11.92000 61,225 4.2 – x 61,225 4.22001 62,387 1.9 178 x 62,565 2.22002 65,018 4.2 283 58.8 65,301 4.42003 67,618 4.0 956 238.0 68,574 5.02004 68,399 1.2 1,944 103.3 70,343 2.62005 72,636 6.2 2,608 34.1 75,244 7.02006 74,872 3.1 3,583 37.4 78,455 4.32007 75,434 0.8 3,533 -1.4 78,967 0.72008 76,306 1.2 3,279 -7.2 79,585 0.82009 81,371 6.6 3,877 18.2 85,248 7.12010 87,159 7.1 3,196 -17.6 90,355 6.02011 83,191 -4.6 3,610 13.0 86,801 -3.92012 84,081 1.1 3,258 -9.7 87,340 0.62013 87,436 4.0 3,389 4.0 90,826 4.02014 90,306 3.3 3,369 -0.6 93,676 3.12015 88,004 -2.5 4,655 38.2 92,659 -1.12016 86,682 -1.5 4,091 -12.1 90,774 -2.02017 86,504 -0.2 4,139 1.1 90,643 -0.12018 88,696 2.5 3,273 -20.9 91,969 1.5


1980–1990 7.6 x x x 7.6 x1990–2000 8.4 x x x 8.4 x2000–2010 3.6 x x x 4.0 x2010–2018 0.2 x x x 0.2 x

* written gross premiums without premiums resulting from bonus and rebate provisions1 the GDV statistics currently cover 20 inter-company Pensionskassen and 16 pension

funds (mostly institutions newly established by insurers)2 as at 1 January 1998 a major insurance portfolio was transferred from a non-member

to a member company, the gross premiums for 1997 have been adjusted accordingly, the growth rate for 1997 refers to gross premiums in 1997 without portfolio transfer

Source: GDV

32Life insurance, Pensionskassen and pension funds*: regular and single premiums**

year

regular premiums1 single premiums2 total share of single

premiums2

in EUR m

change against

previous year as %

in EUR m

change against

previous year as %

in EUR m

change against

previous year as % as %

2002 58,131 4.3 7,170 7.4 65,301 4.4 11.02003 60,222 3.6 8,352 16.5 68,574 5.0 12.22004 62,401 3.6 7,942 -4.9 70,343 2.6 11.32005 65,844 5.5 9,400 18.4 75,244 7.0 12.52006 65,751 -0.1 12,704 35.2 78,455 4.3 16.22007 66,091 0.5 12,876 1.4 78,967 0.7 16.32008 66,445 0.5 13,140 2.1 79,585 0.8 16.52009 64,255 -3.3 20,993 59.8 85,248 7.1 24.62010 63,323 -1.5 27,031 28.8 90,355 6.0 29.92011 63,908 0.9 22,893 -15.3 86,801 -3.9 26.42012 64,603 1.1 22,737 -0.7 87,340 0.6 26.02013 64,899 0.5 25,927 14.0 90,826 4.0 28.52014 64,400 -0.8 29,275 12.9 93,676 3.1 31.32015 64,563 0.3 28,095 -4.0 92,659 -1.1 30.32016 64,372 -0.3 26,402 -6.0 90,774 -2.0 29.12017 64,176 -0.3 26,467 0.2 90,643 -0.1 29.22018 64,217 0.1 27,752 4.9 91,969 1.5 30.2

* life insurance, Pensionskassen and pension funds; beside life insurers, the GDV statistics currently cover 20 inter-company Pensionskassen and 16 pension funds (mostly institutions newly established by insurers)

** written gross premiums without premiums resulting from bonus and rebate provisions1 until 2003 incl. single premiums from supplementary insurance in life insurance2 single premiums for pension funds from new business; until 2003 without single

premiums from supplementary insurance in life insurance

Source: GDV

33 Life insurance, Pensionskassen and pension funds*: premiums by type of insurance

year

endow-ment

insurance

unit-linked endowment and annuity

insurance

annuities and pension

insurancedisability

insurance1group

insurance

supple-mentary

insurance2

share as %3

2001 55.6 5.7 22.1 ° 11.1 5.52002 52.6 7.3 22.5 ° 11.4 6.12003 46.3 8.4 25.5 ° 13.1 6.72004 44.0 9.4 27.4 ° 12.3 6.92005 41.6 10.4 28.6 ° 12.4 6.92006 38.3 11.7 31.5 ° 11.9 6.62007 36.5 13.3 30.8 ° 12.6 6.82008 35.5 14.5 30.7 ° 12.2 7.02009 34.8 13.3 33.3 ° 12.0 6.72010 32.2 13.0 35.4 ° 12.9 6.42011 30.5 14.8 34.8 ° 12.7 7.22012 28.7 14.6 33.7 2.8 13.2 7.02013 27.0 14.3 36.4 2.9 12.5 6.92014 25.9 14.8 36.0 3.0 13.6 6.72015 25.1 16.1 35.1 3.4 13.6 6.72016 24.2 16.6 34.8 3.8 13.8 6.82017 24.1 17.1 33.3 4.1 14.5 6.92018 24.6 17.8 33.3 4.3 13.2 6.8

* beside life insurers, the GDV statistics currently cover 20 inter-company Pensionskassen and 16 pension funds (mostly institutions newly established by insurers)

1 until 2011 data included in previous columns2 from 2004 supplementary insurance of Pensionskassen on a pro rata basis3 in terms of written gross premiums of direct business

Source: GDV

34Life insurance*: regular and single premiums**

Life insurance, Pensionskassen and pension funds*: premiums by type of insurance

year

regular premiums1 single premiums2 total3 share of single

premiums2

in EUR m

change against


change against


change against

previous year as % as %

1976 8,604 x 364 x 8,970 x 4.11980 12,634 x 579 x 13,215 x 4.41985 17,557 x 827 x 18,386 x 4.51990 26,022 x 1,381 x 27,403 x 5.01991 29,653 14.0 1,445 4.6 31,098 13.5 4.61992 32,620 10.0 1,869 29.3 34,489 10.9 5.41993 35,724 9.5 2,790 49.3 38,514 11.7 7.21994 39,019 9.2 3,398 21.8 42,416 10.1 8.01995 41,223 5.6 3,978 17.1 45,201 6.6 8.81996 43,394 5.3 4,100 3.0 47,494 5.1 8.619974 46,089 4.6 4,411 7.1 50,500 4.8 8.71998 47,556 3.2 4,949 12.2 52,505 4.0 9.41999 51,501 8.3 7,248 46.5 58,749 11.9 12.32000 54,444 5.7 6,781 -6.4 61,225 4.2 11.12001 55,714 2.3 6,674 -1.6 62,387 1.9 10.72002 57,895 3.9 7,122 6.7 65,018 4.2 11.02003 59,374 2.6 8,244 15.8 67,618 4.0 12.22004 60,673 2.2 7,726 -6.3 68,399 1.2 11.32005 63,419 4.5 9,217 19.3 72,636 6.2 12.72006 63,125 -0.5 11,747 27.4 74,872 3.1 15.72007 63,345 0.3 12,089 2.9 75,434 0.8 16.02008 63,643 0.5 12,663 4.8 76,306 1.2 16.62009 61,449 -3.4 19,922 57.3 81,371 6.6 24.52010 60,539 -1.5 26,620 33.6 87,159 7.1 30.52011 61,096 0.9 22,094 -17.0 83,191 -4.6 26.62012 61,756 1.1 22,326 1.1 84,082 1.1 26.62013 62,034 0.5 25,403 13.8 87,437 4.0 29.12014 61,599 -0.7 28,707 13.0 90,306 3.3 31.82015 61,812 0.3 26,191 -8.8 88,004 -2.5 29.82016 61,663 -0.2 25,018 -4.5 86,682 -1.5 28.92017 61,548 -0.2 24,956 -0.3 86,504 -0.2 28.82018 61,677 0.2 27,019 8.3 88,696 2.5 30.5

* without Pensionskassen and pension funds** written gross premiums without premiums resulting from bonus and rebate provisions1 until 2003 incl. single premiums from supplementary insurance2 until 2003 only single premiums under main insurance contracts3 until 1986 incl. additional charges of policyholders4 as at 1 January 1998 a major insurance portfolio was transferred from a non-member

to a member company, the gross premiums for 1997 have been adjusted accordingly, the growth rate for 1997 refers to gross premiums in 1997 without portfolio transfer

Source: GDV

35 Life insurance*: premiums by type of insurance

year

endow-ment

insurance

unit-linked endowment and annuity

insurance

annuities and pension

insurancedisability

insurance1group

insurance2

supple-mentary

insurance

share as %3

1976 84.7 0.5 4.1 ° 6.7 4.01980 83.9 0.4 3.7 ° 7.5 4.51985 83.3 0.3 4.0 ° 7.1 5.31990 82.0 1.0 4.8 ° 6.8 5.41991 81.4 1.4 5.1 ° 6.7 5.41992 79.5 1.7 6.8 ° 6.7 5.31993 76.1 1.9 10.1 ° 6.7 5.21994 72.5 2.0 12.4 ° 7.9 5.21995 70.0 2.2 14.0 ° 8.6 5.21996 68.4 2.5 14.7 ° 9.1 5.3 19974 66.2 2.4 16.4 ° 9.6 5.41998 63.4 2.9 18.1 ° 10.1 5.51999 57.7 3.7 22.8 ° 10.4 5.42000 55.6 5.7 22.1 ° 11.1 5.52001 52.7 7.3 22.4 ° 11.5 6.12002 49.8 8.2 23.6 ° 11.8 6.62003 47.0 8.6 24.4 ° 13.3 6.72004 45.3 9.6 25.5 ° 12.6 7.02005 43.1 10.8 26.2 ° 12.8 7.12006 40.1 12.3 28.4 ° 12.4 6.82007 38.3 13.9 27.6 ° 13.2 7.02008 37.0 15.1 27.9 ° 12.8 7.22009 36.5 13.9 30.1 ° 12.6 6.92010 33.4 13.5 33.2 ° 13.3 6.62011 31.9 15.4 32.1 ° 13.2 7.42012 29.8 15.2 31.2 2.9 13.7 7.22013 28.0 14.9 34.1 3.0 13.0 7.02014 26.9 15.3 33.7 3.1 14.1 6.92015 26.5 16.9 31.7 3.5 14.3 7.02016 25.4 17.3 31.8 4.0 14.5 7.12017 25.2 17.9 30.2 4.3 15.3 7.22018 25.6 18.4 31.0 4.4 13.6 7.0

* without Pensionskassen and pension funds1 until 2011 data included in previous columns2 from 1994 group insurance includes individual policies subject to a rebate which

previously were recorded under the heading of individual endowment insurance3 in terms of written gross premiums of direct business4 as at 1 January 1998 a major insurance portfolio was transferred from a non-member

to a member company, the 1997 reference figures have been adjusted accordingly, a comparison with 1996 figures is not meaningful

Source: GDV

36New business* in life insurance by type of business

1995 2000 2005 2010 2017 2018

numbers in 1,000

annuities and pension insurance 867.9 1,199.8 3,056.8 3,042.3 1,979.7 2,041.4

classic with-profits1 - 1,199.8 2,199.7 2,060.3 523.3 435.6unit-linked insurance1 - - 857.0 982.0 222.4 213.4hybrid forms with guarantee - - - - 1,234.0 1,392.4

endowment insurance (basic) 3,242.4 1,954.9 1,354.2 742.1 466.3 461.9

endowment insurance (unit-linked)2 220.1 1,281.7 391.8 156.7 47.6 46.2

disability insurance 38.8 184.4 323.6 403.3 407.1 415.2long-term care insurance 4.2 0.1 5.3 14.0 19.5 26.6term insurance 1,189.9 1,193.7 1,028.9 945.8 488.3 467.6residual debt insurance and life insurance without profit participation

1,188.0 1,486.1 1,113.9 743.2 1,131.4 1,172.2

other life insurance3 2.5 1.2 62.6 83.3 374.7 244.7total of new business 6,753.7 7,301.8 7,337.0 6,130.8 4,914.6 4,875.8

share as %

annuities and pension insurance 12.9 16.4 41.7 49.6 40.3 41.9

classic with-profits1 - 16.4 30.0 33.6 10.6 8.9unit-linked insurance1 - - 11.7 16.0 4.5 4.4hybrid forms with guarantee - - - - 25.1 28.6

endowment insurance (basic) 48.0 26.8 18.5 12.1 9.5 9.5

endowment insurance (unit-linked)2 3.3 17.6 5.3 2.6 1.0 0.9

disability insurance 0.6 2.5 4.4 6.6 8.3 8.5long-term care insurance 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5term insurance 17.6 16.3 14.0 15.4 9.9 9.6residual debt insurance and life insurance without profit participation

17.6 20.4 15.2 12.1 23.0 24.0

other life insurance3 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.4 7.6 5.0total of new business 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* policies with first premium paid1 until 2010 incl. mixed products with guarantees 2 until 2000 incl. unit-linked annuities3 incl. capital redemption operations, from 2016 incl. term insurance linked to building

loans and other individual- and group insurance contracts

Source: GDV

37 Riester pensions* – business in force and new business

business in force

year

number of contracts regular premium for one year

sum insured or 12 times the amount of the annual pension

in m

change against


change against


change against previous

year as %2001 0.416 x 86.7 x 2.631 x2002 2.937 x 465.7 x 14.410 x2003 3.352 14.1 532.8 14.4 16.594 15.22004 3.473 3.6 950.0 78.3 24.833 49.72005 4.419 27.2 1,291.5 36.0 32.593 31.32006 6.246 41.4 2,503.3 93.8 58.809 80.42007 8.042 28.8 3,333.3 33.2 77.115 31.12008 9.131 13.5 4,628.1 38.8 104.876 36.02009 9.826 7.6 5,041.0 8.9 113.515 8.22010 10.319 5.0 5,025.6 -0.3 122.270 7.72011 10.829 4.9 5,350.0 6.5 132.379 8.32012 10.856 0.3 5,421.0 1.3 136.055 2.82013 10.835 -0.2 5,449.9 0.5 138.859 2.12014 10.846 0.1 5,531.3 1.5 143.156 3.12015 10.803 -0.4 5,542.5 0.2 146.752 2.52016 10.726 -0.7 5,628.4 1.5 150.233 2.42017 10.652 -0.7 5,690.3 1.1 153.043 1.92018 10.590 -0.6 5,737.1 0.8 156.741 2.4

new business1

year

number of contracts

regular premium for one year

single premium2


in m in EUR m in EUR bn2002 2.570 420.8 5.8 12.8862003 0.521 121.3 33.2 3.4942004 0.296 533.5 60.3 11.6242005 1.119 450.6 106.5 10.1502006 2.012 1,392.5 242.1 30.6632007 2.067 1,101.3 470.4 24.6012008 1.570 1,887.4 731.9 40.2172009 1.160 987.0 1,074.9 21.5152010 0.982 817.1 1,419.7 20.8642011 0.946 829.6 1,360.2 21.5962012 0.610 643.1 1,448.5 16.1062013 0.453 546.8 1,470.2 13.6332014 0.464 559.5 1,292.4 14.2882015 0.373 502.2 1,373.9 12.7562016 0.346 499.1 1,414.0 12.6562017 0.284 447.5 1,379.9 11.7882018 0.299 461.9 1,527.2 11.910

* life insurance policies eligible for subsidy under section 82(1) to (3) EStG1 policies with first premium paid; regular premium for one year and sum insured incl.

adjustments of contracts in force on account of increase in state subsidy (2004, 2006, 2008)

2 includes state subsidies

Source: GDV

38Basisrenten* – business in force and new business

business in force

year

number of contracts regular premium for one year


in m

change against


change against


change against

previous year as %

2005 0.148 x 219.8 x 3.833 x2006 0.296 100.1 542.4 146.8 8.829 130.42007 0.608 105.6 1,255.8 131.5 20.432 131.42008 0.863 41.9 1,762.9 40.4 30.375 48.72009 1.080 25.2 2,122.0 20.4 36.354 19.72010 1.277 18.3 2,416.8 13.9 41.775 14.92011 1.490 16.6 2,764.1 14.4 47.752 14.32012 1.655 11.1 2,975.2 7.6 51.712 8.32013 1.763 6.5 3,074.5 3.3 53.836 4.12014 1.883 6.8 3,216.6 4.6 57.168 6.22015 1.975 4.9 3,342.9 3.9 59.941 4.92016 2.058 4.2 3,443.0 3.0 63.205 5.42017 2.136 3.8 3,522.1 2.3 66.179 4.72018 2.204 3.2 3,612.1 2.6 69.423 4.9

new business1

year

number of contracts

regular premium for one year

single premium


in m in EUR m in EUR bn2005 0.153 221.2 44.6 3.8862006 0.174 358.9 127.0 5.7702007 0.318 730.4 347.6 11.6752008 0.284 657.6 400.5 11.3722009 0.234 542.1 397.3 9.3652010 0.218 517.2 446.0 8.7522011 0.211 548.1 473.9 9.0112012 0.178 470.5 462.4 7.5242013 0.119 367.5 524.1 5.7542014 0.112 363.6 555.7 5.7662015 0.098 337.2 643.2 5.5542016 0.096 343.7 643.0 5.7642017 0.081 315.3 670.5 5.6062018 0.077 317.6 672.9 5.538

* life insurance policies eligible for tax breaks under section 10(1) para. 2b EStG1 policies with first premium paid

Source: GDV

39 Occupational pensions: direct insurance and reinsurance business in force

direct insurance contracts reinsurance contracts

yearnumbers

in msum insured

in EUR bnnumbers

in msum insured

in EUR bn1974 1.34 7.13 ° °1980 2.41 27.91 ° °1990 3.83 67.86 ° °1991 4.14 76.88 ° °1992 4.43 88.03 ° °1993 4.64 95.92 ° °1994 4.78 102.79 ° °1995 4.68 104.55 ° °1996 5.12 117.69 ° °1997 5.26 122.60 1.11 50.491998 5.39 129.68 1.08 53.961999 5.73 143.27 1.14 58.342000 5.80 148.01 1.33 66.122001 5.90 151.50 1.50 77.202002 5.83 153.15 1.80 86.312003 5.82 153.73 2.03 89.552004 5.94 158.39 2.18 91.032005 5.86 157.01 2.27 92.022006 6.02 162.47 2.36 91.112007 6.17 166.78 2.37 95.062008 6.40 173.35 2.50 97.652009 6.58 178.36 2.61 100.342010 6.75 183.38 2.76 104.292011 7.11 192.87 2.86 109.022012 7.41 200.63 2.99 113.512013 7.53 203.79 3.06 115.512014 7.64 207.59 3.17 117.292015 7.74 212.09 3.28 120.332016 7.89 218.99 3.34 120.532017 8.11 227.54 3.47 122.902018 8.37 237.51 3.52 123.99

Source: GDV

40Supplementary insurance business in force in life insurance*

year total

supplemen-tary accident

insurance

supplemen-tary disability

insurance

supplemen - tary term insurance

other sup-plementary

insurance

number of contracts in m (share as %)

1990 39.2 29.1 (74.2) 8.5 (21.6) 0.7 (1.8) 0.9 (2.4)1995 39.8 25.9 (65.0) 10.6 (26.5) 1.3 (3.4) 2.0 (5.1)2000 39.1 21.2 (54.3) 12.9 (33.0) 2.0 (5.1) 3.0 (7.6)2001 39.0 19.9 (51.1) 13.8 (35.3) 2.1 (5.4) 3.2 (8.2)2002 38.5 18.6 (48.4) 14.2 (36.9) 2.0 (5.2) 3.7 (9.5)2003 38.2 17.4 (45.6) 14.8 (38.8) 2.2 (5.6) 3.8 (10.0)2004 37.8 16.1 (42.6) 15.4 (40.7) 2.5 (6.7) 3.8 (10.0)2005 36.6 15.0 (40.9) 15.2 (41.6) 2.7 (7.3) 3.7 (10.2)2006 35.5 13.9 (39.2) 15.1 (42.6) 2.8 (7.9) 3.7 (10.3)2007 34.3 12.9 (37.7) 14.9 (43.4) 3.0 (8.6) 3.5 (10.3)2008 32.7 11.9 (36.5) 14.5 (44.3) 3.0 (9.2) 3.3 (10.0)2009 31.2 11.0 (35.3) 14.1 (45.3) 3.0 (9.7) 3.0 (9.7)2010 30.0 10.2 (34.1) 13.8 (46.0) 3.1 (10.2) 2.9 (9.7)2011 29.4 9.5 (32.3) 13.8 (47.0) 3.0 (10.3) 3.0 (10.4)2012 28.5 8.7 (30.7) 13.7 (47.9) 3.1 (10.8) 3.0 (10.6)2013 27.6 8.1 (29.2) 13.4 (48.5) 3.1 (11.2) 3.1 (11.1)20141 27.8 8.4 (30.4) 13.2 (47.5) 3.1 (11.1) 3.1 (11.0)2015 26.8 7.5 (28.1) 12.9 (48.2) 3.2 (12.0) 3.1 (11.7)2016 24.9 6.6 (26.3) 12.6 (50.7) 3.0 (11.9) 2.8 (11.1)2017 23.7 5.9 (24.8) 12.3 (52.0) 2.8 (11.9) 2.7 (11.4)2018 22.9 5.4 (23.3) 12.1 (52.6) 2.8 (12.3) 2.7 (11.7)

sum insured in EUR bn (share as %)

1990 629.0 290.6 (46.2) 310.4 (49.3) 11.8 (1.9) 16.2 (2.6)1995 899.0 329.5 (36.6) 491.5 (54.7) 27.8 (3.1) 50.2 (5.6)2000 1,143.0 314.4 (27.5) 704.9 (61.7) 42.7 (3.7) 81.0 (7.1)2001 1,222.3 302.2 (24.7) 790.2 (64.7) 44.0 (3.6) 85.9 (7.0)2002 1,282.1 289.8 (22.6) 846.4 (66.0) 44.9 (3.5) 101.0 (7.9)2003 1,347.7 281.7 (20.9) 909.5 (67.5) 49.0 (3.6) 107.5 (8.0)2004 1,403.7 271.9 (19.4) 968.9 (69.0) 56.0 (4.0) 106.9 (7.6)2005 1,391.5 259.0 (18.6) 970.5 (69.8) 57.5 (4.1) 104.5 (7.5)2006 1,394.5 246.6 (17.7) 989.8 (71.0) 58.5 (4.2) 99.6 (7.1)2007 1,388.1 235.4 (16.9) 1,003.4 (72.3) 59.7 (4.3) 89.6 (6.5)2008 1,368.1 224.2 (16.4) 1,002.2 (73.2) 59.6 (4.4) 82.1 (6.0)2009 1,357.9 211.5 (15.6) 1,013.3 (74.6) 58.3 (4.3) 74.8 (5.5)2010 1,371.1 202.3 (14.8) 1,023.6 (74.7) 59.2 (4.3) 86.0 (6.2)2011 1,387.0 192.5 (13.9) 1,039.5 (75.0) 58.7 (4.2) 96.2 (6.9)2012 1,378.9 183.3 (13.3) 1,056.3 (76.6) 59.1 (4.3) 80.3 (5.8)2013 1,380.3 173.9 (12.6) 1,061.2 (76.9) 58.3 (4.2) 86.9 (6.3)20141 1,379.3 169.8 (12.3) 1,060.1 (76.9) 57.6 (4.2) 91.8 (6.7)2015 1,375.9 158.8 (11.5) 1,059.2 (77.0) 58.2 (4.2) 99.7 (7.2)2016 1,362.6 148.3 (10.9) 1,060.9 (77.9) 56.4 (4.1) 97.1 (7.1)2017 1,344.1 139.0 (10.3) 1,053.7 (78.4) 51.0 (3.8) 100.4 (7.5)

* without Pensionskassen and pension funds1 as at 1 January 2014 a supplementary accident insurance portfolio was transferred from

a non-member to a member company, figures not comparable to previous year

Source: GDV

41Insurance benefits in life insurance*

total benefits cash benefits paid to policyholders

increase in liabilities to policyholders

year in EUR m

change against


change against


1985 25,182 x 11,295 x 13,8871990 34,909 x 17,888 x 17,0211991 39,598 13.4 20,004 11.8 19,5941992 44,701 12.9 21,785 8.9 22,9161993 50,368 12.7 24,320 11.6 26,0481994 55,026 9.2 27,685 13.8 27,3411995 61,742 12.2 30,817 11.3 30,9251996 65,862 6.7 33,269 8.0 32,59419971 71,133 x 36,960 x 34,1741998 76,836 8.0 40,226 8.8 36,6091999 84,050 9.4 44,442 10.5 39,6082000 88,080 4.8 49,405 11.2 38,6752001 81,260 -7.7 52,340 5.9 28,9202002 75,184 -7.5 56,244 7.5 18,9402003 84,709 12.7 65,233 16.0 19,4762004 81,622 -3.6 64,418 -1.2 17,2042005 94,625 15.9 64,007 -0.6 30,6172006 95,379 0.8 66,462 3.8 28,9162007 90,869 -4.7 66,161 -0.5 24,7082008 70,780 -22.1 71,876 8.6 -1,0972009 104,646 47.8 71,196 -0.9 33,4512010 107,361 2.6 71,915 1.0 35,4462011 93,008 -13.4 84,971 18.2 8,0382012 111,506 19.9 75,745 -10.9 35,7612013 114,392 2.6 79,417 4.8 34,9752014 120,395 5.2 84,418 6.3 35,9772015 116,501 -3.2 82,002 -2.9 34,4992016 115,028 -1.3 87,667 6.9 27,3612017 119,679 4.0 76,910 -12.3 42,7692018 96,821 -19.1 78,834 2.5 17,987


1985–1990 6.8 x 9.6 x x1990–2000 9.7 x 10.7 x x2000–2010 2.0 x 3.8 x x2010–2018 -1.3 x 1.2 x x

* without Pensionskassen and pension funds1 as at 1 January 1998 a major insurance portfolio was transferred from a non-member

to a member company, the 1997 reference figures have been adjusted accordingly, a comparison with 1996 figures is not meaningful

Source: GDV

42Cash benefits paid in life insurance*

2017 2018 change against

previous year as %breakdown of cash benefits in EUR m

share as % in EUR m

share as %

total expenditures on benefits paid 56,353.4 73.3 58,450.6 74.1 3.7

capital sums payable under main contract 44,355.1 57.7 45,660.2 57.9 2.9

due as a result ofdeath 4,360.2 5.7 4,481.6 5.7 2.8disability, marriage or other events 116.3 0.2 114.3 0.1 -1.8

maturity 39,878.6 51.9 41,064.3 52.1 3.0annuities payable under main contracts 7,640.6 9.9 7,965.6 10.1 4.3

capital sums payable under supplementary contracts 225.8 0.3 247.1 0.3 9.4

annuities payable under supplementary contracts 2,448.2 3.2 2,424.5 3.1 -1.0

other expenditure on insurance benefits 1,683.7 2.2 2,153.2 2.7 27.9

benefits paid prior to maturity 12,678.2 16.5 12,342.3 15.7 -2.6profit shares distributed1 7,878.2 10.2 8,041.2 10.2 2.1total of cash benefits paid to policyholders 76,909.9 100.0 78,834.1 100.0 2.5

* without Pensionskassen and pension funds1 distributed profit shares, terminal bonuses, supplementary death benefits and similar

benefit components, unless already included into the headings mentioned above, e.g. when profit shares are used to increase the sum insured

Source: GDV

43 Investment portfolio of life insurance companies*: in absolute figures


in EUR bn

bonds and debentures2 664.5 730.0 744.9 760.3 783.0 786.2mortgages3 ° ° ° ° ° 61.8loans ° ° ° ° ° 270.5bearer bonds and other fixed-income securities ° ° ° ° ° 178.0

bonds held in funds ° ° ° ° ° 273.9deposits at credit institutions ° ° ° ° ° 2.0

shares 21.3 28.8 36.2 39.0 43.0 44.9participating interests4 18.5 18.6 20.8 32.7 25.2 53.4real estate 26.3 30.2 31.2 32.3 35.8 31.1other investments 12.3 15.1 18.4 20.9 22.2 14.8total 742.7 822.7 851.5 885.1 909.2 930.4for information:net return on investment as % 4.1 4.65 4.55 4.45 4.55 3.6current average interest yield as % 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.0

investments held for unit-linked policies 54.6 87.4 95.1 100.9 111.0 103.0

liabilities to policyholders 655.9 892.1 926.5 953.9 996.7 1,014.7equity capital 12.0 13.8 14.7 15.3 16.0 17.1


1 due to modified classification, figures not comparable to previous years2 breakdowns may only be available for 2018 onwards due to modified classification3 from 2018 incl. mortgage and bond claims4 from 2018 incl. investments in affiliated companies5 special effect due to increased realisation of valuation reserves

Source: BaFin, GDV

43Investment portfolio of life insurance companies*: in percentages


as %



shares 2.9 3.5 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.8participating interests4 2.5 2.3 2.4 3.7 2.8 5.7real estate 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.3other investments 1.7 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.4 1.6total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0



Source: BaFin, GDV

44 Long-term business development of Pensionskassen*

1970 1980 1990 20001 2005number of Pensionskassen 201 177 153 134 160written gross premiums (EUR m) 539.6 1,496.3 2,866.0 1,952.3 5,376.4gross claims incurred (EUR m) 328.3 689.7 2,046.2 2,431.0 3,113.8investment portfolio (EUR bn)2 ° 16.5 35.2 69.0 86.3pension insurance portfolio (numbers in 1,000)2

future beneficiaries 1,922.5 2,202.2 2,556.8 2,402.2 5,473.9disabled and old age pensioners 262.0 387.3 615.7 906.2 1,038.1surviving dependants 91.1 109.6 107.5 134.4 139.1

2010 2014 2015 2016 2017number of Pensionskassen 152 142 140 138 136written gross premiums (EUR m) 5,861.8 6,711.5 6,607.2 6,879.5 7,302.3gross claims incurred (EUR m) 3,657.9 3,924.9 4,249.3 4,606.6 4,719.2investment portfolio (EUR bn)2 108.9 137.9 146.3 154.1 162.2pension insurance portfolio (numbers in 1,000)2

future beneficiaries 6,536.7 7,296.8 7,371.4 7,757.1 7,926.3disabled and old age pensioners 1,039.5 1,083.2 1,124.3 1,145.9 1,169.2surviving dependants 139.8 151.7 155.7 158.3 160.8

* Pensionskassen under federal supervision1 from 2000 figures partially not comparable to previous years2 as per end of year

Source: BaFin

45Long-term business development of pension funds

2002 2005 2010 2011 2012number of pension funds 18 23 30 30 30written gross premiums (EUR m) 64.1 535.3 6,144.6 2,381.7 831.2gross claims incurred (EUR m) 0.0 3.1 1,479.3 1,761.9 1,887.6investment portfolio for the account and risk of the pension fund (EUR m)1

100.1 329.7 1,037.6 1,191.5 1,372.2

investment portfolio for the account and risk of employees and employers (EUR m)1

46.8 739.3 24,343.0 24,854.1 26,310.0

pension insurance portfolio (numbers in 1,000)1

future beneficiaries 58.7 135.0 463.7 491.6 614.3disabled and old age pensioners 0.0 28.6 221.1 227.7 224.3

surviving dependants 0.0 9.2 72.3 73.8 74.1

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017number of pension funds 31 31 31 29 31written gross premiums (EUR m) 742.6 1,143.0 2,893.6 2,695.4 2,377.6gross claims incurred (EUR m) 1,863.3 1,861.7 1,948.0 1,976.7 2,111.3investment portfolio for the account and risk of the pension fund (EUR m)1

1,540.1 1,783.0 2,193.7 2,450.9 2,696.9

investment portfolio for the account and risk of employees and employers (EUR m)1

26,809.7 28,740.9 30,200.9 32,918.9 34,516.9

pension insurance portfolio (numbers in 1,000)1

future beneficiaries 636.7 581.5 603.2 626.7 651.5disabled and old age pensioners 219.8 217.1 218.8 222.3 223.6

surviving dependants 74.3 74.2 74.9 75.0 75.1

1 as per end of year

Source: BaFin

46 Healthcare insurance companies* by legal form**

yearjoint stock companies

mutual insurance associations

insurance institutions under public law


1960 7 90 – 1970 8 57 – 1980 10 39 –1990 18 37 12000 31 24 – 2003 31 23 – 2004 30 23 –2005 29 23 –2006 27 23 – 2007 28 23 –2008 27 23 –2009 28 23 –2010 25 23 –2011 25 23 –2012 25 23 –2013 25 23 –2014 24 23 –2015 24 23 –2016 24 22 –2017 25 21 –

market share as %1

1960 33.7 66.3 – 1970 39.4 60.6 – 1980 43.3 56.7 – 1990 46.1 49.9 4.02000 53.0 47.0 – 2003 55.4 44.6 – 2004 54.9 45.1 – 2005 54.9 45.1 – 2006 54.6 45.4 – 2007 55.1 44.9 – 2008 56.8 43.2 – 2009 56.9 43.1 – 2010 57.0 43.0 – 2011 57.2 42.8 – 2012 57.2 42.8 – 2013 57.2 42.8 – 2014 57.3 42.7 – 2015 57.3 42.7 – 2016 58.9 41.1 – 2017 58.5 41.5 –

* insurance companies under German supervision carrying on actual business, without

small mutual insurance associations under Land supervision mostly limited to a particu-lar region, until 1980 only insurance companies under federal supervision

** joint stock companies that due to ownership structure are part of the public sector or whose shareholders are mutual insurance associations are included in joint stock companies

1 share of legal form in gross premiums; until 1980 written gross premiums, from 1990 earned gross premiums


47Business development in healthcare insurance

premium income1 insurance portfolio2

year total2health-

care ins.2

compulsory long-term

care ins. total3

insured persons in comprehensive

healthcare ins.

additional insurance contracts

in EUR m numbers in 1,000

1980 4,830 4,830 - 8,506 4,843 3,6631990 9,546 9,546 - 11,792 6,614 5,1781995 16,408 15,155 1,253 ° 6,945 °2000 20,712 18,703 2,009 21,319 7,494 13,8242003 24,741 22,893 1,848 22,798 8,110 14,6872004 26,413 24,542 1,871 24,157 8,259 15,8982005 27,348 25,480 1,868 25,461 8,373 17,0882006 28,483 26,612 1,871 26,890 8,489 18,4012007 29,461 27,578 1,883 28,558 8,549 20,0092008 30,331 28,360 1,970 29,623 8,639 20,9832009 31,468 29,394 2,074 30,289 8,811 21,4782010 33,270 31,174 2,096 30,865 8,896 21,9692011 34,667 32,562 2,105 31,475 8,976 22,4992012 35,628 33,617 2,011 32,027 8,956 23,0712013 36,051 33,989 2,062 32,785 8,890 23,8952014 36,323 34,310 2,014 33,177 8,834 24,3422015 36,822 34,626 2,196 33,557 8,787 24,7702016 37,258 35,093 2,165 33,857 8,773 25,0842017 39,049 36,455 2,595 34,273 8,753 25,52020184 39,768 37,226 2,542 34,766 8,736 26,030


2004 6.8 7.2 1.2 6.0 1.8 8.22005 3.5 3.8 -0.2 5.4 1.4 7.52006 4.2 4.4 0.2 5.6 1.4 7.72007 3.4 3.6 0.6 6.2 0.7 8.72008 3.0 2.8 4.6 3.7 1.1 4.92009 3.8 3.6 5.6 2.3 2.0 2.42010 5.7 6.1 1.1 1.9 1.0 2.32011 4.2 4.5 0.4 2.0 0.9 2.42012 2.8 3.2 -4.5 1.8 -0.2 2.52013 x x 2.5 x -0.7 x2014 0.8 0.9 -2.4 1.2 -0.6 1.92015 1.4 0.9 9.4 1.1 -0.5 1.72016 1.2 1.4 -1.4 0.9 -0.2 1.32017 4.8 3.9 19.8 1.2 -0.2 1.720184 1.8 2.1 -2.1 1.4 -0.2 2.0


1980–1990 7.1 7.1 ° 3.3 3.2 3.51990–2000 8.1 7.0 9.95 6.1 1.3 10.32000–2010 4.9 5.2 0.4 3.8 1.7 4.72010–2018 2.3 2.2 2.4 1.5 -0.2 2.1

1 written gross premiums2 from 2013 figures not comparable to previous years due to a change in the collection of

data3 number of comprehensive healthcare insurances and additional insurances, without

compulsory long-term care insurance and special types of insurance4 provisional figures5 1995–2000

Source: PKV

48 Premium income in healthcare insurance: by type of insurance*

additional insurance1, 2 special forms of insurance1, 4

year total1

compre-hensive

healthcare insurance total

of which: additional ins.

to statutory healthcare ins.3 total

of which: foreign travel


in EUR m

1985 6,573 4,173 ° 1,236 ° °1990 9,546 6,435 ° 1,619 ° °2000 18,703 13,722 4,533 2,854 449 2442005 25,480 19,665 5,253 3,285 562 3032007 27,578 21,209 5,723 3,724 646 3502008 28,360 21,790 5,899 3,931 672 3672009 29,394 22,564 6,140 4,121 690 3782010 31,174 24,072 6,406 4,338 696 3642011 32,562 25,151 6,683 4,525 729 3832012 33,617 25,863 7,028 4,757 726 3692013 33,989 25,743 7,504 5,070 741 3722014 34,310 25,775 7,766 5,204 769 3812015 36,822 25,846 7,985 5,326 796 3922016 37,258 26,117 8,158 5,412 819 3982017 39,049 27,083 8,528 5,605 844 40020185 39,768 27,655 8,756 5,790 815 365


2008 2.8 2.7 3.1 5.6 3.9 4.92009 3.6 3.6 4.1 4.8 2.7 3.12010 6.1 6.7 4.3 5.3 0.9 -3.82011 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.7 5.12012 3.2 2.8 5.2 5.1 -0.4 -3.62013 x -0.5 x x x x2014 0.9 0.1 3.5 2.6 3.7 2.62015 1.4 0.3 2.8 2.4 3.5 2.82016 1.2 1.1 2.2 1.6 2.9 1.52017 4.8 3.7 4.5 3.6 3.1 0.620185 1.8 2.1 2.7 3.3 -3.6 -8.7


1985–1990 7.7 9.0 ° 5.5 ° ° 1990–2000 7.0 7.9 1.26 5.8 6.97 4.46

2000–2010 5.2 5.8 3.5 4.3 4.5 4.12010–2018 3.1 1.7 4.0 3.7 2.0 0.0

* without compulsory long-term care insurance1 from 2013 figures not comparable to previous years due to a change in the collection of

data2 until 1995 incl. special forms of insurance3 forms of insurance complementing statutory healthcare insurance; from 2005 due to

modified classification figures not comparable to previous year4 in addition to foreign travel healthcare insurance incl. state healthcare reinsurance,

residual debt insurance and insurance of ongoing payment of wages/salaries; until 1995 included in additional insurance; from 2005 incl. special-purpose insurance policies

5 provisional figures6 1995–20007 1996–2000

Source: PKV

49Private comprehensive healthcare and compulsory long-term care ins., business in force*

total of persons with comprehen-

sive coverage1

of which: persons with compulsory

long-term care

insurance3year

incl. insurance of elective hospital

services

incl. per diem sick pay

insurance

persons entitled to

financial support2

numbers in 1,000

1985 5,241 4,809 ° ° -1990 6,614 6,207 1,195 ° -1991 6,333 5,839 1,291 ° -1992 6,686 6,036 1,382 ° -1993 6,829 6,234 1,419 ° -1994 6,934 6,274 1,388 ° -1995 6,945 6,234 1,393 ° 7,9121996 6,946 6,085 1,379 ° 7,9261997 7,065 6,257 1,460 ° 8,0081998 7,206 6,318 1,537 3,861 8,1311999 7,356 6,417 1,609 3,849 8,2262000 7,494 6,516 1,703 3,845 8,3652001 7,710 6,747 1,793 3,900 8,6192002 7,924 6,968 1,898 3,963 8,8272003 8,110 7,102 1,953 4,018 8,9992004 8,259 7,117 1,980 4,054 9,1182005 8,373 7,206 2,012 4,120 9,1642006 8,489 7,206 2,036 4,142 9,2772007 8,549 7,215 2,029 4,149 9,3202008 8,639 7,218 2,029 4,162 9,3742009 8,811 7,300 2,055 4,194 9,5342010 8,896 7,299 2,046 4,226 9,5932011 8,976 7,323 2,050 4,247 9,6672012 8,956 7,304 2,027 4,255 9,6202013 8,890 7,250 1,973 4,256 9,5382014 8,834 7,198 1,913 4,270 9,4732015 8,787 7,173 1,859 4,292 9,4142016 8,773 7,026 1,813 4,329 9,3752017 8,753 7,105 1,760 4,356 9,32720184 8,736 7,094 1,715 4,396 9,286

* as per end of year1 due to modified classification figures for 1991 and 1997 not comparable to previous

years2 e.g. civil servants whose health expenditures are partly reimbursed by their public

employer3 from 2001 due to modified classification figures not comparable to previous year4 provisional figures

Source: PKV

50 Selected types of private healthcare insurance*, business in force**

year

per diem sick pay

insurance1

hospital per diem

sick pay insurance

additional long-term

care insurance2

company healthcare

insurance

foreign travel

healthcare insurance3

special- purpose

insurance policies

numbers in 1,000

1985 ° ° 10 ° 8,702 °1990 ° ° 103 ° 16,521 °1995 2,025 ° 380 ° 21,608 °1996 2,027 7,430 405 ° 22,629 °1997 2,219 8,539 412 ° 22,977 °1998 2,338 8,535 543 ° 23,041 °1999 2,538 8,961 570 ° 23,352 °2000 2,623 8,936 605 ° 25,425 °2001 2,782 8,889 656 ° 27,146 °2002 2,942 8,790 690 ° 26,824 °2003 3,127 8,907 750 ° 26,603 °2004 3,243 8,949 787 ° 26,576 °2005 3,237 8,842 833 ° 20,328 7,0402006 3,337 8,744 989 ° 21,136 8,0772007 3,371 8,648 1,174 ° 22,513 8,4662008 3,404 8,546 1,316 ° 23,763 9,9812009 3,451 8,450 1,501 ° 24,771 9,9062010 3,537 8,334 1,700 ° 24,542 11,1342011 3,599 8,246 1,880 ° 24,937 10,3372012 3,628 8,154 2,187 ° 24,706 10,6702013 3,607 8,028 2,373 ° 24,286 11,2742014 3,586 7,937 3,040 ° 24,377 11,5842015 3,584 7,864 3,267 575 26,096 11,9422016 3,597 7,803 3,454 607 26,302 27,8872017 3,613 7,740 3,567 673 25,927 28,08720184 3,638 7,677 3,661 758 25,085 °

* important additional types of insurance as well as special forms of insurance, taken out in addition to statutory healthcare or private comprehensive healthcare insurance

** persons insured as per end of year; in foreign travel healthcare insurance persons insured during the year

1 incl. persons with comprehensive insurance incl. hospital per diem sick pay coverage 2 from 2013 incl. additional long-term care insurance products eligible for government

grants3 from 2005 modified classication, about 6.5 m insured persons counted in "special-pur-

pose insurance policies"4 provisional figures

Source: PKV

51Additional insurance to statutory health-care insurance*, business in force**

year total1dental care

tariffs2outpatient

tariffs2tariffs for elective hospital services3

numbers in 1,000

1983 ° ° ° 3,1711985 ° ° ° 3,4061990 ° ° ° 3,8531995 ° ° 1,370 4,2961996 ° ° 1,647 4,3371997 12,772 ° 3,419 4,3591998 13,936 ° 4,526 4,3811999 13,775 ° 4,359 4,3622000 13,892 ° 4,416 4,3942001 14,073 ° 4,608 4,4532002 14,161 ° 4,793 4,4732003 14,684 ° 5,094 4,7152004 16,141 ° 6,181 4,8042005 11,693 7,794 5,038 5,0402006 13,000 9,376 5,892 5,0972007 14,382 10,794 6,347 5,1682008 15,394 11,770 6,628 5,3832009 16,118 12,382 6,762 5,5652010 16,513 12,192 7,443 5,6442011 17,139 13,219 7,678 5,7132012 17,548 13,574 7,740 5,7772013 18,069 14,152 7,752 5,8152014 18,511 14,411 7,732 5,8712015 18,872 14,970 7,870 5,9802016 19,136 15,372 7,920 6,0592017 19,584 15,665 8,023 6,11220184 20,057 16,008 7,950 6,181

* additional insurance products usually taken out by persons with statutory healthcare insurance

** as per end of year; from 2013 incl. additional long-term care insurance products eligible for government grants

1 from 2005 due to modified classification figures not comparable to previous years2 before 2005 outpatient tariffs that include dental care services3 from 1995 due to modified classification figures not comparable to previous years4 provisional figures

Source: PKV

52Insurance benefits in healthcare insurance*

yeartotal ex-

penditures1

change against previous year

as %1

expenditure in respect of:

claimspremium

refundsallocation to

ageing reserve

in EUR m

1950 174 ° 174 ° °1960 482 ° 452 30 °1970 1,541 ° 1,397 144 °1980 4,567 ° 3,696 279 6161990 9,504 ° 7,325 584 1,5951991 10,656 12.1 8,106 678 1,8721992 11,655 9.4 8,886 785 1,9841993 13,389 14.9 9,625 1,319 2,4451994 14,715 9.9 10,231 1,574 2,9101995 16,804 14.2 10,981 2,038 3,7851996 19,074 13.5 11,288 2,888 4,8981997 20,321 6.5 12,060 2,847 5,4141998 21,680 6.7 12,519 3,236 5,9251999 23,858 10.0 13,038 3,296 7,5242000 24,050 0.8 13,779 2,861 7,4102001 25,744 7.0 14,770 2,305 8,6692002 25,191 -2.1 15,454 1,660 8,0772003 27,246 8.2 16,024 2,381 8,8412004 28,562 4.8 16,655 3,234 8,6732005 30,455 6.6 17,451 3,444 9,5602006 31,758 4.3 18,034 3,662 10,0622007 33,006 3.9 19,108 3,686 10,2122008 33,648 1.9 20,421 2,493 10,7342009 35,191 4.6 21,332 2,914 10,9452010 38,612 9.7 22,171 3,760 12,6812011 38,484 -0.3 22,904 4,157 11,4232012 40,729 5.8 23,596 4,945 12,1882013 41,695 x 24,401 4,898 12,3962014 42,168 1.1 24,828 5,159 12,1812015 44,134 4.7 26,122 4,121 13,8912016 43,830 -0.7 26,592 4,432 12,6362017 47,362 8.1 27,206 5,138 14,4862018 ° ° 28,560 ° 7,795


1950–1960 10.7 x 10.0 ° °1960–1970 12.3 x 11.9 17.0 °1970–1980 11.5 x 10.2 6.8 °1980–1990 7.6 x 7.1 7.7 10.01990–2000 9.7 x 6.6 17.2 16.62000–2010 4.8 x 4.7 2.8 5.52010–2018 3.02 x 3.2 4.62 -5.9

* from 2013 figures not comporable to previous years due to a change in the collection of data

1 incl. compulsory long-term care insurance2 2010-2017

Source: PKV; BaFin

53Insurance benefits paid in healthcare insurance: by type of insurance*

year

total benefits

paid

of which:

healthcare expenses insurance

per diem sick pay

insurance

hospital per diem

sick pay insurance

special forms of

insurance

com-pulsory

long-term care

insur-ance

additional long-term

care insurance

in EUR m

2000 13,614.6 11,780.3 684.9 545.9 ° 471.1 °2001 14,419.7 12,564.7 701.8 526.7 ° 486.1 °2002 15,219.5 13,040.3 736.7 519.0 376.4 496.9 7.82003 15,810.0 13,609.0 729.8 508.9 381.6 517.9 9.92004 16,553.4 14,327.7 726.0 511.8 397.0 528.5 11.92005 17,300.2 15,023.5 717.9 508.9 432.8 549.8 14.62006 17,838.5 15,572.9 707.5 494.1 432.0 563.8 17.22007 18,897.6 16,546.5 705.4 500.6 499.0 578.1 20.32008 20,169.0 17,661.7 744.5 512.4 550.2 617.7 24.22009 21,121.1 18,546.5 803.8 507.4 576.6 667.7 29.62010 21,915.5 19,196.9 840.2 504.3 589.4 698.8 35.42011 22,774.1 19,967.8 864.0 505.3 609.5 720.5 44.42012 23,287.0 20,397.1 874.3 495.4 609.0 779.3 54.02013 24,349.1 21,361.5 884.7 495.6 605.8 857.1 67.52014 24,790.5 21,762.8 874.5 487.2 624.3 880.1 83.52015 25,907.9 22,717.5 874.2 486.8 679.3 967.8 104.42016 26,592.3 23,309.1 865.8 480.5 685.6 1,049.6 122.72017 27,205.7 23,642.7 863.5 469.6 685.2 1,286.1 171.220181 28,560.0 ° ° ° ° ° °


2001 5.9 6.7 2.5 -3.5 ° 3.2 °2002 5.5 3.8 5.0 -1.5 ° 2.2 °2003 3.9 4.4 -0.9 -1.9 1.4 4.2 26.92004 4.7 5.3 -0.5 0.6 4.0 2.0 20.22005 4.5 4.9 -1.1 -0.6 9.0 4.0 22.72006 3.1 3.7 -1.4 -2.9 -0.2 2.5 17.82007 5.9 6.3 -0.3 1.3 15.5 2.5 18.02008 6.7 6.7 5.5 2.4 10.3 6.9 19.22009 4.7 5.0 8.0 -1.0 4.8 8.1 22.32010 3.8 3.5 4.5 -0.6 2.2 4.7 19.62011 3.9 4.0 2.8 0.2 3.4 3.1 25.42012 2.3 2.1 1.2 -2.0 -0.1 8.2 21.62013 x x x x x x x2014 1.8 1.9 -1.2 -1.7 3.1 2.7 23.72015 4.5 4.4 0.0 -0.1 8.8 10.0 25.02016 2.6 2.6 -1.0 -1.3 0.9 8.5 17.52017 2.3 1.4 -0.3 -2.3 -0.1 22.5 40.020181 5.0 ° ° ° ° ° °

* from 2013 figures not comparable to previous years due to a change in the collection of data

1 provisional figures

Source: PKV

54 Insurance benefits paid in healthcare insurance*: by type of benefit**

yeartotal bene-

fits paidoutpatient treatment

inpatient treatment

dental treatment other

in EUR m

2000 13,143.5 5,265.5 4,662.3 1,852.5 1,363.22001 13,933.6 5,772.1 4,762.2 2,030.4 1,368.92002 14,722.6 6,132.1 4,822.0 2,086.2 1,682.32003 15,292.1 6,582.3 4,866.7 2,160.0 1,683.12004 16,024.9 6,968.4 5,042.5 2,316.8 1,697.22005 16,750.4 7,382.8 5,203.8 2,436.9 1,726.92006 17,274.7 7,682.8 5,388.7 2,501.4 1,701.82007 18,319.5 8,273.9 5,556.0 2,716.6 1,773.02008 19,551.3 8,921.1 5,838.5 2,902.1 1,889.62009 20,453.4 9,316.0 6,114.0 3,039.4 1,984.02010 21,216.7 9,556.7 6,425.8 3,214.4 2,019.82011 22,053.6 9,864.4 6,695.1 3,408.3 2,085.82012 22,507.7 10,006.3 6,741.1 3,649.7 2,110.62013 23,492.0 10,453.9 7,002.2 3,905.4 2,130.52014 23,910.4 10,742.0 7,084.9 3,935.9 2,147.62015 24,940.1 11,239.9 7,443.2 4,034.4 2,222.62016 25,542.7 11,616.7 7,587.6 4,104.8 2,233.62017 25,919.6 11,800.7 7,716.9 4,125.1 2,276.920181 27,140.0 ° ° ° °


2001 6.0 9.6 2.1 9.6 0.42002 5.7 6.2 1.3 2.7 22.92003 3.9 7.3 0.9 3.5 0.02004 4.8 5.9 3.6 7.3 0.82005 4.5 5.9 3.2 5.2 1.72006 3.1 4.1 3.6 2.6 -1.52007 6.0 7.7 3.1 8.6 4.22008 6.7 7.8 5.1 6.8 6.62009 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.7 5.02010 3.7 2.6 5.1 5.8 1.82011 3.9 3.2 4.2 6.0 3.32012 2.1 1.4 0.7 7.1 1.22013 x x x x x2014 1.8 2.8 1.2 0.8 0.82015 4.3 4.6 5.1 2.5 3.52016 2.4 3.4 1.9 1.7 0.52017 2.3 1.6 1.7 0.5 1.920181 4.7 ° ° ° °

* without compulsory long-term care insurance** from 2013 figures not comparable to previous years due to a change in the collection of

data1 provisional figures

Source: PKV

55Compulsory long-term care insurance

Insurance benefits paid in healthcare insurance*: by type of benefit**

2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 20181

absolute values

insured persons (in 1,000) 9,593.0 9,472.7 9,413.6 9,375.1 9,326.7 9,285.8premium income (EUR m)2 2,096.0 2,013.6 2,196.1 2,165.1 2,594.5 2,542.0benefit recipients (in 1,000) 142.7 169.3 178.1 188.6 211.6 °

outpatient long-term care 99.4 120.6 128.1 136.7 158.4 °care level 1 ° ° ° ° 5.3 °care level 2 ° ° ° ° 69.8 °care level 3 ° ° ° ° 51.1 °care level 4 ° ° ° ° 23.2 °care level 5 ° ° ° ° 9.0 °

inpatient long-term care 43.3 48.7 49.9 51.8 53.2 °care level 1 ° ° ° ° 0.3 °care level 2 ° ° ° ° 9.1 °care level 3 ° ° ° ° 16.2 °care level 4 ° ° ° ° 17.3 °care level 5 ° ° ° ° 10.4 °

benefit payments (EUR m) 698.8 880.1 967.8 1,049.6 1,286.1 1,420.0outpatient long-term care 377.4 497.4 556.0 608.2 733.4 °inpatient long-term care 321.4 382.7 411.8 441.4 491.6 °


insured persons 0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4premium income2 1.0 -2.4 9.1 -1.4 19.8 -2.1benefit recipients 3.2 4.7 5.2 5.9 12.2 °

outpatient long-term care 2.9 5.2 6.3 6.7 15.9 °care level 1 ° ° ° ° x °care level 2 ° ° ° ° x °care level 3 ° ° ° ° x °care level 4 ° ° ° ° x °care level 5 ° ° ° ° x °

inpatient long-term care 3.9 3.4 2.5 3.8 2.6 °care level 1 ° ° ° ° x °care level 2 ° ° ° ° x °care level 3 ° ° ° ° x °care level 4 ° ° ° ° x °care level 5 ° ° ° ° x °

benefit payments 4.5 2.7 10.0 8.5 22.5 10.5outpatient long-term care 4.1 3.3 11.8 9.4 20.6 °inpatient long-term care 4.9 1.9 7.6 7.2 11.4 °

1 provisional figures2 written gross premiums

Source: PKV

56Additional long-term care insurance

2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 20181

absolute values

contracts in force (in 1,000) 1,699.5 2,481.8 2,583.6 2,676.7 2,732.9 2,782.8long-term care per diem insurance 1,505.5 2,254.3 2,378.4 2,470.7 2,525.3 2,574.8

long-term healthcare insurance cover 289.5 371.4 353.7 357.2 361.3 363.4

premium income (EUR m)2 438.5 755.2 818.0 890.6 1,033.7 1,083.0benefit payments (EUR m) 35.4 83.4 104.1 122.0 171.2 °in addition: additional long-term care insurance products eligible for government grantscontracts in force (in 1,000) - 558.6 674.6 777.2 834.0 878.1premium income (EUR m)2 - 143.7 190.4 224.8 276.3 292.0benefit payments (EUR m) - 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.1 °


contracts in force ° 4.6 4.1 3.6 2.1 1.8long-term care per diem insurance ° 4.8 5.5 3.9 2.2 2.0

long-term healthcare insurance cover ° 2.3 -4.8 1.0 1.2 0.6

premium income2 ° 6.4 8.3 8.9 16.1 4.8benefit payments ° 23.7 24.8 17.2 40.3 °in addition: additional long-term care insurance products eligible for government grantscontracts in force - 55.3 20.8 15.2 7.3 5.3premium income2 - 182.3 32.5 18.1 22.9 5.4benefit payments - 0.0 200.0 133.3 57.1 °

1 provisional figures2 written gross premiums

Source: PKV

57Investment portfolio of healthcare insurance companies*: in absolute figures


in EUR bn



shares 2.6 6.0 8.5 10.7 12.2 13.8participating interests4 4.3 5.1 5.9 6.8 7.2 11.4real estate 4.5 5.9 6.6 7.5 9.1 9.2other investments 1.6 2.7 3.7 4.9 5.9 4.8total 189.6 233.2 246.9 260.7 273.0 288.0for information:equity capital 3.9 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.8 6.3ageing reserve 169.4 206.2 220.1 232.7 247.2 255.0

* as per end of year; incl. deposit receivables from reinsurance business assumed as reinsurance cover


Source: BaFin, GDV; PKV

57 Investment portfolio of healthcare insurance companies*: in percentages


as %






Source: BaFin, GDV

58Property & casualty insurance companies* by legal form**

yearjoint stock

companies1mutual insurance

associationsins. institutions

under public law other2


1960 79 168 5 381970 93 136 5 331980 132 91 5 931990 166 74 25 752000 174 63 16 72003 159 58 10 62004 154 59 10 62005 150 59 10 62006 150 59 10 62007 153 59 10 62008 145 59 10 42009 149 59 10 42010 144 60 10 42011 147 58 10 32012 144 59 10 32013 143 59 11 42014 141 58 11 32015 140 58 11 32016 135 59 11 22017 135 59 11 2

market share as %3

1960 77.9 12.5 2.7 7.01970 75.5 15.7 2.7 6.11980 72.3 19.1 3.0 5.61990 65.4 17.7 12.9 4.12000 74.4 15.0 8.3 1.32003 85.1 10.9 3.0 1.02004 84.7 11.1 3.1 1.12005 85.2 10.8 3.0 1.02006 86.3 9.7 3.1 1.02007 86.8 9.4 2.9 0.92008 87.1 9.1 3.1 0.82009 84.7 11.6 2.9 0.82010 86.2 10.1 2.9 0.82011 86.2 10.2 2.8 0.82012 85.6 10.8 2.8 0.82013 86.0 10.4 2.8 0.72014 86.6 9.7 2.9 0.72015 86.4 10.1 2.8 0.72016 87.1 9.2 2.9 0.72017 86.9 9.9 2.6 0.6

* insurance companies under German supervision carrying on actual business, without small mutual insurance associations under Land supervision mostly limited to a particu-lar region, until 1980 only insurance companies under federal supervision

** joint stock companies that due to ownership structure are part of the public sector or whose shareholders are mutual ins. associations are included in joint stock companies

1 incl. SE2 mostly German branches of foreign-based insurance companies, from 2000 without

establishments of insurance companies based inside the EEA3 share of legal form in gross premiums; until 1980 written gross premiums, from 1990

earned gross premiums


59 Business development* in property & casualty insurance

year

premiums1 claims expenditure2

claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1978 14,971 ° 11,926 ° 80.9 °1980 17,955 x 14,352 x 81.3 °1985 24,883 x 18,959 x 77.4 °1990 32,939 x 26,840 x 83.7 °1995 49,850 x 38,149 x 77.4 °2000 49,398 x 40,404 x 82.6 102.22001 50,810 2.9 40,955 1.4 81.5 100.82002 52,625 3.6 43,988 7.4 84.7 104.02003 54,414 3.4 39,896 -9.3 74.4 93.02004 55,410 1.8 39,390 -1.3 72.3 91.12005 55,392 0.0 39,643 0.6 73.0 91.02006 55,007 -0.7 39,887 0.6 74.1 91.42007 54,495 -0.9 42,049 5.4 78.6 95.72008 54,616 0.2 41,882 -0.4 78.8 94.92009 54,701 0.2 41,897 0.0 78.5 95.62010 55,219 0.9 43,281 3.3 80.3 98.22011 56,615 2.5 43,774 1.1 79.4 98.12012 58,619 3.5 44,249 1.1 77.4 97.2 20135 60,556 3.3 49,653 12.2 83.9 103.52014 62,581 3.3 45,385 -8.6 74.2 94.620156 64,422 2.7 48,146 5.9 76.3 96.12016 66,296 2.9 49,253 2.3 75.7 94.72017 68,320 3.1 50,118 1.8 74.6 93.22018 70,665 3.4 52,490 4.7 75.5 94.1


1978–1980 9.5 x 9.7 x x x1980–1990 6.3 x 6.5 x x x1990–2000 4.1 x 4.2 x x x2000–2010 1.1 x 0.7 x x x2010–2018 3.1 x 2.4 x x x

* German direct business; without nuclear insurance and pecuniary damage liability insurance; until 2002 without fidelity insurance; until 2009 without aviation insurance as well as aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance

1 written gross premiums; without insurance premium tax; insurance classes covering fire incl. fire brigade tax

2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year3 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross premiums4 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross premiums5 statistical special effect, adjusted rate of change in premiums: 3.5 %6 adjusted rates of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV; BaFin

60Premium income* in property & casualty insurance by class

insurance class

2017 2018

in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

total of motor insurance 26,956 4.0 27,922 3.6motor vehicle TPL 16,036 3.8 16,484 2.8motor vehicle full and partial own damage insurance 10,826 4.5 11,341 4.8

motor vehicle full own damage 9,153 5.2 9,655 5.5motor vehicle partial own damage 1,672 0.7 1,686 0.8

motor accident 94 1.8 96 2.5total of property insurance 19,444 3.7 20,323 4.5

private property insurance, of which: 10,763 4.7 11,319 5.2comprehensive insurance on buildings 7,198 6.0 7,669 6.5comprehensive insurance on contents 3,063 2.4 3,142 2.6

non-private property insurance 8,681 2.6 9,003 3.7industrial / commercial / agricultural property insurance 6,653 3.6 6,931 4.2

engineering insurance / EI-BI 2,028 -0.8 2,072 2.2general liability insurance 7,746 1.0 7,886 1.8private accident insurance 6,479 0.5 6,545 1.0legal expenses insurance 3,981 4.0 4,149 4.2marine and aviation insurance 1,831 -0.9 1,914 4.5credit, surety and fidelity insurance 1,675 0.9 1,717 2.5roadside assistance1 207 5.8 209 4.9total of property & casualty insurance 68,320 3.1 70,665 3.4

* written gross premiums, German direct business; without insurance premium tax; insurance classes covering fire incl. fire brigade tax; without nuclear insurance and pecuniary damage liability insurance

1 2018: adjusted rate of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV

61 Claims expenditure* in property & casualty insurance by class

insurance class

2017 2018

in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

total of motor insurance 23,649 3.9 23,897 1.0motor vehicle TPL 14,501 2.1 14,885 2.6motor vehicle full and partial own damage insurance 9,124 7.1 8,990 -1.5

motor vehicle full own damage 8,005 7.1 8,005 0.0motor vehicle partial own damage 1,119 7.0 985 -11.9

motor accident 24 -31.6 22 -7.2total of property insurance 13,099 -0.3 15,010 14.6

private property insurance, of which: 6,653 6.1 7,420 11.5comprehensive insurance on buildings 5,208 10.2 5,969 14.6comprehensive insurance on contents 1,267 -7.7 1,274 0.5

non-private property insurance 6,445 -6.2 7,590 17.8industrial / commercial / agricultural property insurance 5,058 -7.6 6,217 22.9

engineering insurance / EI-BI 1,388 -0.7 1,374 -1.0general liability insurance 5,136 1.8 5,244 2.1private accident insurance 3,364 3.9 3,393 0.9legal expenses insurance 2,738 -1.9 2,809 2.6marine and aviation insurance 1,178 -8.1 1,205 2.3credit, surety and fidelity insurance 718 -6.4 695 -3.3roadside assistance1 235 4.0 237 2.6total of property & casualty insurance 50,118 1.8 52,490 4.7

* gross claims incurred for the accounting year, German direct business; without nuclear insurance and pecuniary damage liability insurance

1 2018: adjusted rate of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV; BaFin

62Technical results* in property & casualty insurance by class

insurance class 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

claims ratio as %1

motor insurance (incl. MA) 99.6 85.1 87.1 88.2 88.1 86.0motor vehicle TPL 103.7 89.8 90.8 92.3 90.8 90.7motor vehicle full and partial own damage insurance 94.6 78.6 82.1 82.6 84.7 79.8

motor vehicle full own damage 99.5 82.4 85.7 86.3 87.9 83.4motor vehicle partial own damage 71.7 59.6 63.7 63.1 67.1 58.7

motor accident 20.1 24.0 31.6 37.9 25.4 23.0total of property insurance 73.6 70.8 72.7 70.5 67.6 74.1

private property insurance, of which: 69.6 64.0 65.2 61.5 62.3 66.0comprehensive insurance on buildings 85.8 73.4 75.4 70.4 73.0 78.6comprehensive insurance on contents 45.5 49.5 47.9 46.0 41.5 40.7

non-private property insurance 78.0 78.8 81.6 81.3 74.1 84.1industrial / commercial / agricultural property insurance 79.4 81.2 86.4 85.4 76.2 89.5

engineering insurance / EI-BI 72.8 70.9 66.3 68.6 67.3 66.2general liability insurance 69.5 65.0 65.3 65.8 66.2 66.6private accident insurance 60.2 60.1 61.1 59.9 61.1 60.6legal expenses insurance 71.9 74.7 73.7 73.6 69.1 68.0marine and aviation insurance 64.0 62.9 86.3 69.4 65.0 63.3credit, surety and fidelity insurance 43.1 43.2 42.5 47.0 43.5 41.3total of property & casualty insurance 80.3 74.2 76.3 75.7 74.6 75.5

Combined Ratio as %2

motor insurance (incl. MA) 107.4 96.7 97.9 98.9 98.0 96.1motor vehicle TPL 105.9 98.8 98.8 100.5 97.8 97.2motor vehicle full and partial own damage insurance 110.5 93.8 96.7 96.7 98.6 94.9





engineering insurance / EI-BI 89.9 89.2 89.5 86.1 84.7 86.9general liability insurance 91.1 94.2 93.2 90.9 91.0 89.7private accident insurance 80.3 80.9 79.2 77.4 81.5 77.4legal expenses insurance 99.6 102.4 100.0 100.2 97.8 98.8marine and aviation insurance 95.8 91.4 120.2 106.0 97.4 91.0credit, surety and fidelity insurance 56.9 68.6 66.8 67.6 64.9 70.5total of property & casualty insurance 98.2 94.6 96.1 94.7 93.2 94.1

* German direct business; without nuclear insurance and pecuniary damage liability insurance

1 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross premiums, private accident insurance: as % of earned gross risk premiums (i.e. without the savings portion of accident insurance products with guaranteed premium return)

2 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross premiums, private accident insurance: as % of earned gross risk premiums (i.e. without the savings portion of accident insurance products with guaranteed premium return)

Source: GDV; BaFin

63 Number of contracts and claims in property & casualty insurance*

year

number of contracts1 number of claims2

in m


as % in m


as %1985 174.886 ° 18.552 °1990 200.320 x 22.965 x1995 242.832 x 22.710 x2000 262.138 x 23.369 x2001 266.151 1.5 22.150 -5.22002 269.360 1.2 25.255 14.02003 271.110 0.6 23.000 -8.92004 273.003 0.7 22.604 -1.72005 274.650 0.6 21.983 -2.72006 277.306 1.0 21.918 -0.32007 284.238 2.5 24.341 11.12008 286.246 0.7 22.912 -5.92009 289.369 1.1 22.906 0.02010 293.160 1.3 23.747 3.72011 295.966 1.0 23.330 -1.82012 298.284 0.8 22.720 -2.62013 299.686 0.5 23.665 4.220143 301.186 0.7 22.485 -5.02015 304.328 1.0 23.492 4.52016 307.914 1.2 22.669 -3.52017 312.354 1.4 23.397 3.22018 315.816 1.1 23.255 -0.6


1 until 2000 without marine insurance; until 2006 without credit, surety and fidelity insurance; until 2009 without aviation insurance as well as aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance

2 without marine insurance, aviation insurance, aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance as well as credit, surety and fidelity insurance

3 number of contracts: adjusted rate of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV; BaFin

64Number of contracts* in property & casualty insurance by class

insurance class 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2018

numbers in m

total of motor insurance1 97.2 99.1 105.1 112.0 116.5 118.6motor vehicle TPL1 51.8 54.3 57.8 62.0 64.2 65.2motor vehicle full and partial own damage insurance1 39.0 40.2 43.3 46.3 48.3 49.4

motor vehicle full own damage1 20.0 22.1 25.8 27.5 29.0 29.9motor vehicle partial own damage1 19.1 18.0 17.5 18.8 19.3 19.5

motor accident1 6.4 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.9 4.1total of property insurance 67.4 67.4 69.9 72.2 74.2 74.5


non-private property insurance 14.0 13.8 15.8 17.4 18.8 19.1industr. / commerc. / agricult. property ins. 11.9 11.8 12.3 13.0 13.8 13.9engineering insurance / EI-BI 2.2 2.0 3.4 4.4 5.0 5.2

general liability insurance 37.8 41.8 43.8 45.5 46.4 46.8private accident insurance 29.1 29.2 27.3 25.7 25.4 25.4legal expenses insurance1 19.3 19.5 20.9 21.8 22.0 22.3marine and aviation insurance2, 3 ° 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4credit, surety and fidelity insurance ° ° 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5roadside assistance1 11.3 17.4 25.6 26.4 26.9 27.4total of property & casualty insurance2 262.1 274.7 293.2 304.3 312.4 315.8


total of motor insurance1 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.6 2.1 1.8motor vehicle TPL1 1.8 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.5motor vehicle full and partial own damage insurance1 1.7 1.1 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.2

motor vehicle full own damage1 5.0 2.0 2.3 1.6 3.0 3.1motor vehicle partial own damage1 -1.5 -0.1 1.2 1.8 1.2 0.9

motor accident1 -6.7 0.7 -3.2 1.5 2.9 3.5total of property insurance2 0.8 0.6 2.3 1.2 1.34 0.64


non-private property insurance 3.6 2.6 7.8 2.4 3.94 2.24

industr. / commerc. / agricult. property ins. 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.4 2.84 1.44

engineering insurance / EI-BI 19.3 13.4 37.0 5.3 7.44 4.5general liability insurance 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.7private accident insurance 0.6 -0.2 -2.6 -1.4 -0.6 -0.1legal expenses insurance1 0.3 -0.2 1.4 0.7 0.6 1.2marine and aviation insurance2, 3 ° 6.9 x 12.2 12.4 xcredit, surety and fidelity insurance2 ° ° 6.7 8.44 3.84 4.3roadside assistance1 15.9 -1.3 1.8 0.3 1.0 0.84

total of property & casualty insurance2 1.5 0.6 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.1


1 motor insurance: number of risks; legal expenses insurance: from 2007 change in counting method for group and collective contracts; roadside assistance: from 2009 incl. group contracts

2 until 2009 without aviation insurance as well as aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance; additionally for total of property & casualty insurance: until 2000 without marine insurance, until 2006 without credit, surety and fidelity insurance

3 since 2017 figure is carried forward for 2018, no rate of change is shown4 adjusted rate of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV; BaFin

65 Number of claims* in property & casualty insurance by class

insurance class 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2018

numbers in m

total of motor insurance 9.124 8.673 9.649 9.251 9.447 9.148motor vehicle TPL 4.259 3.848 3.982 3.984 4.052 4.005motor vehicle full and partial own damage insurance 4.860 4.823 5.664 5.264 5.393 5.142





engineering insurance / EI-BI 0.625 0.394 0.484 0.647 0.672 0.672general liability insurance 3.835 3.425 2.967 2.615 2.469 2.428private accident insurance 0.829 0.823 0.848 0.794 0.809 0.807legal expenses insurance 3.475 3.463 3.822 4.047 4.075 4.078roadside assistance1 0.305 0.437 0.925 0.955 1.047 1.037total of property & casualty insurance 23.369 21.983 23.747 23.492 23.397 23.255


total of motor insurance -1.5 -0.7 2.6 3.0 1.9 -3.2motor vehicle TPL -4.0 -1.7 4.5 2.9 0.4 -1.2motor vehicle full and partial own damage insurance 0.8 0.1 1.3 3.1 3.0 -4.7

motor vehicle full own damage 3.2 1.3 3.2 3.2 3.5 -3.4motor vehicle partial own damage -3.8 -2.6 -4.1 2.7 1.5 -9.3

motor accident -11.7 -10.3 -3.1 29.6 0.6 -8.6total of property insurance 3.6 -5.7 11.5 11.0 13.7 3.8

private property insurance, of which: 1.9 -5.8 13.2 13.0 14.8 5.1comprehensive insurance on buildings 2.2 -5.5 29.0 22.7 22.4 12.8comprehensive insurance on contents 3.7 -6.1 -6.5 -1.2 -0.2 -4.4

non-private property insurance 8.0 -5.4 7.2 6.4 11.5 1.2industrial / commercial / agricultural property insurance 2.0 -6.7 5.4 11.3 17.4 1.9

engineering insurance / EI-BI 19.8 -2.4 11.3 -1.0 2.3 0.0general liability insurance -1.5 -4.5 -2.2 -1.3 -1.4 -1.7private accident insurance -3.9 2.2 1.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3legal expenses insurance -3.0 -3.0 -1.4 3.0 -2.8 0.1roadside assistance1 4.8 0.2 17.4 8.6 3.9 -0.5total of property & casualty insurance -0.5 -2.7 3.7 4.5 3.2 -0.6

* German direct business; without nuclear insurance, pecuniary damage liability insuran-ce, aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance, marine insurance, aviation insurance, credit, surety and fidelity insurance

1 from 2009 incl. group contracts; 2018: adjusted rate of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV

66Business development* in motor insurance (total)

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies

premium income1 claims expenditure2

claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1976 97 5,475 ° 4,880 ° 89.8 99.71980 100 7,829 x 7,421 x 94.7 97.91985 112 10,418 x 9,317 x 89.9 95.71990 122 14,346 x 12,847 x 91.1 98.51995 125 22,555 x 19,449 x 86.8 95.92000 125 20,358 x 20,355 x 99.8 108.82001 125 21,341 4.8 20,145 -1.0 94.4 102.62002 118 21,968 2.9 20,358 1.1 92.6 101.52003 112 22,325 1.6 19,584 -3.8 87.6 96.02004 109 22,504 0.8 19,223 -1.8 85.4 94.52005 106 22,005 -2.2 18,953 -1.4 86.1 95.12006 103 21,221 -3.6 18,789 -0.9 88.4 95.42007 104 20,800 -2.0 19,094 1.6 91.8 98.12008 106 20,372 -2.1 19,561 2.4 96.0 101.62009 104 20,057 -1.5 19,420 -0.7 97.0 103.32010 100 20,158 0.5 20,060 3.3 99.6 107.42011 99 20,887 3.6 20,444 1.9 98.1 107.42012 97 21,989 5.3 20,222 -1.1 92.1 102.62013 96 23,260 5.8 21,770 7.7 93.9 104.42014 96 24,380 4.8 20,656 -5.1 85.1 96.72015 94 25,227 3.5 21,885 5.9 87.1 97.92016 90 25,906 2.7 22,762 4.0 88.2 98.92017 91 26,956 4.0 23,649 3.9 88.1 98.02018 89 27,922 3.6 23,897 1.0 86.0 96.1


1976–1980 x 9.4 x 11.0 x x x1980–1990 x 6.2 x 5.6 x x x1990–2000 x 3.6 x 4.7 x x x2000–2010 x -0.1 x -0.1 x x x2010–2018 x 4.2 x 2.2 x x x

* German direct business1 written gross premiums; without insurance premium tax2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year3 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross premiums4 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross premiums

Source: GDV

67 Business development* in motor vehicle third party liability insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1976 96 4,165 ° 3,992 ° 96.0 99.61980 99 5,659 x 5,632 x 99.2 97.21985 110 7,189 x 6,795 x 95.0 95.91990 119 9,371 x 8,633 x 93.5 96.21995 124 13,610 x 13,089 x 96.7 102.42000 125 12,628 x 13,721 x 108.4 111.42001 125 13,224 4.7 13,555 -1.2 102.5 104.82002 118 13,624 3.0 13,215 -2.5 97.0 100.42003 112 13,800 1.3 12,842 -2.8 93.0 96.52004 109 13,909 0.8 12,781 -0.5 91.9 96.82005 106 13,581 -2.4 12,579 -1.6 92.6 97.22006 103 13,098 -3.6 12,332 -2.0 94.0 95.32007 104 12,805 -2.2 12,407 0.6 96.9 97.32008 106 12,495 -2.4 12,165 -2.0 97.3 96.22009 104 12,148 -2.8 12,211 0.4 100.6 100.52010 100 12,124 -0.2 12,558 2.8 103.7 105.92011 99 12,551 3.5 12,452 -0.8 99.4 104.32012 97 13,216 5.3 12,586 1.1 95.4 102.22013 95 13,927 5.4 12,648 0.5 91.1 98.12014 96 14,598 4.8 13,052 3.2 89.8 98.82015 93 15,016 2.9 13,586 4.1 90.8 98.82016 89 15,451 2.9 14,205 4.6 92.3 100.52017 89 16,036 3.8 14,501 2.1 90.8 97.82018 88 16,484 2.8 14,885 2.6 90.7 97.2


1976–1980 x 8.0 x 9.0 x x x1980–1990 x 5.2 x 4.4 x x x1990–2000 x 3.0 x 4.7 x x x2000–2010 x -0.4 x -0.9 x x x2010–2018 x 3.9 x 2.1 x x x


Source: GDV

68Business development* in motor vehicle full and partial own damage insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1976 ° 1,071 ° 807 ° 77.6 100.31980 ° 1,899 x 1,684 x 89.7 103.01985 ° 2,888 x 2,435 x 84.8 97.91990 ° 4,576 x 4,119 x 92.1 105.21995 121 8,579 x 6,293 x 74.0 86.32000 120 7,487 x 6,595 x 87.8 105.12001 120 7,896 5.5 6,555 -0.6 83.0 99.42002 113 8,142 3.1 7,115 8.5 87.3 103.82003 107 8,342 2.5 6,720 -5.6 80.5 95.62004 105 8,430 1.1 6,418 -4.5 76.1 91.02005 100 8,268 -1.9 6,352 -1.0 76.8 92.12006 99 7,978 -3.5 6,433 1.3 80.5 96.12007 100 7,864 -1.4 6,659 3.5 84.7 99.92008 102 7,756 -1.4 7,367 10.6 95.0 110.82009 100 7,794 0.5 7,187 -2.5 92.4 108.42010 96 7,924 1.7 7,480 4.1 94.6 110.52011 95 8,231 3.9 7,971 6.6 97.0 112.72012 93 8,672 5.4 7,617 -4.4 88.0 103.72013 93 9,236 6.5 9,103 19.5 98.9 114.52014 92 9,688 4.9 7,582 -16.7 78.6 93.82015 92 10,120 4.5 8,270 9.1 82.1 96.72016 89 10,363 2.4 8,521 3.0 82.6 96.72017 90 10,826 4.5 9,124 7.1 84.7 98.62018 88 11,341 4.8 8,990 -1.5 79.8 94.9


1976–1980 x 15.4 x 20.2 x x x1980–1990 x 9.2 x 9.4 x x x1990–2000 x 5.0 x 4.8 x x x2000–2010 x 0.6 x 1.3 x x x2010–2018 x 4.6 x 2.3 x x x


Source: GDV

69 Business development* in motor vehicle full own damage insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1976 ° 609 ° 491 ° 85.0 100.11980 ° 1,315 x 1,214 x 94.2 103.11985 111 2,066 x 1,776 x 86.6 97.31990 120 3,528 x 3,167 x 92.7 103.81995 121 6,558 x 4,911 x 75.6 85.62000 120 5,748 x 5,373 x 93.3 108.02001 120 6,171 7.4 5,414 0.8 87.7 102.02002 113 6,436 4.3 5,770 6.6 89.6 104.02003 107 6,629 3.0 5,541 -4.0 83.5 96.82004 105 6,710 1.2 5,329 -3.8 79.4 92.22005 102 6,582 -1.9 5,312 -0.3 80.7 94.02006 99 6,375 -3.2 5,406 1.8 84.7 98.42007 100 6,303 -1.1 5,598 3.5 88.9 102.22008 102 6,260 -0.7 6,153 9.9 98.3 112.32009 100 6,373 1.8 6,152 0.0 96.8 111.02010 96 6,530 2.5 6,481 5.3 99.5 113.82011 94 6,811 4.3 6,872 6.0 101.1 115.12012 93 7,211 5.9 6,632 -3.5 92.2 106.22013 93 7,707 6.9 7,787 17.4 101.4 115.22014 92 8,088 4.9 6,632 -14.8 82.4 95.92015 92 8,462 4.6 7,217 8.8 85.7 98.62016 89 8,701 2.8 7,475 3.6 86.3 98.82017 90 9,153 5.2 8,005 7.1 87.9 100.32018 88 9,655 5.5 8,005 0.0 83.4 97.1




Source: GDV

70Business development* in motor vehicle partial own damage insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1976 ° 462 ° 317 ° 68.4 100.61980 ° 584 x 469 x 79.7 103.01985 109 822 x 658 x 80.2 99.21990 117 1,047 x 952 x 90.0 109.71995 121 2,021 x 1,382 x 68.7 88.62000 119 1,740 x 1,222 x 70.0 95.32001 119 1,725 -0.9 1,141 -6.7 66.1 90.32002 112 1,705 -1.1 1,345 17.9 78.8 103.32003 107 1,713 0.5 1,179 -12.4 68.7 91.12004 105 1,721 0.4 1,089 -7.6 63.2 86.22005 102 1,686 -2.0 1,040 -4.5 61.7 84.32006 99 1,603 -4.9 1,027 -1.2 63.9 87.02007 100 1,562 -2.6 1,061 3.3 67.9 90.62008 102 1,495 -4.2 1,214 14.4 81.2 104.72009 100 1,422 -4.9 1,034 -14.8 72.8 96.82010 96 1,394 -2.0 999 -3.4 71.7 95.22011 95 1,420 1.9 1,099 10.0 77.5 101.22012 93 1,462 2.9 985 -10.4 67.5 91.72013 92 1,529 4.6 1,316 33.7 86.4 111.02014 91 1,600 4.7 950 -27.8 59.6 83.52015 90 1,658 3.6 1,053 10.9 63.7 87.12016 87 1,662 0.2 1,046 -0.7 63.1 85.92017 88 1,672 0.7 1,119 7.0 67.1 89.52018 87 1,686 0.8 985 -11.9 58.7 82.1


1976–1980 x 6.0 x 10.3 x x x1980–1990 x 6.0 x 7.3 x x x1990–2000 x 5.2 x 2.5 x x x2000–2010 x -2.2 x -2.0 x x x2010–2018 x 2.4 x -0.2 x x x


Source: GDV

71 Business development* in motor accident insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1976 94 240 ° 81 ° 33.9 99.81980 98 271 x 105 x 38.2 77.71985 108 341 x 87 x 25.5 71.81990 116 400 x 95 x 23.7 75.11995 120 366 x 68 x 18.8 76.82000 120 242 x 39 x 15.8 84.42001 117 221 -8.9 34 -12.3 15.3 87.52002 111 202 -8.5 28 -18.3 13.7 88.12003 105 183 -9.7 22 -18.7 12.3 72.02004 102 165 -9.8 23 4.2 14.2 74.52005 100 156 -5.5 22 -4.8 14.3 70.02006 95 146 -6.4 24 7.0 16.3 70.22007 94 131 -9.9 29 19.5 21.7 71.62008 96 121 -7.7 28 -0.5 23.4 72.92009 93 114 -5.7 23 -20.4 19.8 57.02010 91 110 -3.6 22 -2.1 20.1 56.92011 90 105 -4.3 21 -5.8 19.8 58.82012 89 101 -4.4 19 -10.2 18.6 59.32013 87 97 -4.0 19 2.1 19.7 57.92014 87 93 -3.7 22 17.2 24.0 66.62015 87 92 -1.7 29 28.9 31.6 74.12016 83 92 0.5 35 20.8 37.9 83.52017 83 94 1.8 24 -31.6 25.4 54.22018 82 96 2.5 22 -7.2 23.0 57.1


1976–1980 x 3.1 x 6.8 x x x1980–1990 x 4.0 x -1.0 x x x1990–2000 x -4.9 x -8.6 x x x2000–2010 x -7.6 x -5.4 x x x2010–2018 x -1.7 x 0.0 x x x


Source: GDV

72Business development* in property insurance (total)

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1960 ° 618 ° 289 ° 48.7 °1970 146 1,647 ° 1,164 ° 73.3 °1975 152 3,290 ° 2,024 ° 61.9 °1980 164 4,776 x 3,464 x 74.1 °1985 170 6,861 x 4,755 x 70.1 °1990 175 8,351 x 7,397 x 89.6 °1995 182 12,545 x 8,328 x 66.7 °2000 173 12,299 x 8,954 x 72.2 102.42001 168 12,382 0.7 8,921 -0.4 71.9 100.32002 163 13,113 5.9 12,364 38.6 94.4 120.92003 164 13,844 5.6 9,201 -25.6 66.7 92.02004 163 14,110 1.9 9,001 -2.2 64.0 87.62005 160 14,172 0.4 9,280 3.1 65.7 88.62006 156 14,234 0.4 9,677 4.3 68.3 92.22007 156 14,016 -1.5 11,399 17.8 81.3 105.02008 159 14,583 4.0 10,321 -9.5 71.4 95.42009 161 14,962 2.6 10,153 -1.6 68.1 92.52010 162 15,139 1.2 11,150 9.8 73.6 99.32011 162 15,454 2.1 11,171 0.2 72.6 97.92012 163 16,014 3.6 11,656 4.3 73.2 98.120135 164 16,728 4.5 15,109 29.6 90.8 116.22014 162 17,291 3.4 12,177 -19.4 70.8 97.02015 161 18,006 4.1 12,996 6.7 72.7 99.32016 155 18,741 4.1 13,140 1.1 70.5 95.42017 153 19,444 3.7 13,099 -0.3 67.6 92.02018 153 20,323 4.5 15,010 14.6 74.1 99.0


1960–1970 x 10.3 x 14.9 x x x1970–1980 x 11.2 x 11.5 x x x1980–1990 x 5.7 x 7.9 x x x1990–2000 x 3.9 x 1.9 x x x2000–2010 x 2.1 x 2.2 x x x2010–2018 x 3.7 x 3.8 x x x

* German direct business1 written gross premiums; without insurance premium tax; insurance classes covering fire

incl. fire brigade tax2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year3 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross premiums4 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross premiums5 statistical special effect, adjusted rate of change in premiums: 4.0 %

Source: GDV

73 Business development* in private property insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1975 ° 970 ° 558 ° 59.2 °1980 ° 1,771 x 1,114 x 65.1 °1985 ° 2,854 x 1,782 x 63.7 °1990 ° 3,697 x 3,421 x 94.1 °1995 ° 5,897 x 3,563 x 61.1 °2000 157 6,468 x 4,062 x 62.7 96.62001 154 6,511 0.7 3,951 -2.7 60.6 92.92002 149 6,627 1.8 5,954 50.7 90.1 122.52003 149 6,728 1.5 4,490 -24.6 66.8 98.72004 147 6,869 2.1 4,499 0.2 65.8 94.72005 140 7,053 2.7 4,415 -1.9 62.9 91.62006 138 7,143 1.3 4,549 3.0 63.9 91.82007 137 7,202 0.8 5,915 30.0 82.0 109.72008 140 7,563 5.0 5,087 -14.0 68.0 95.62009 137 7,792 3.0 4,989 -1.9 64.3 92.62010 138 7,961 2.2 5,531 10.9 69.6 98.92011 137 8,145 2.3 5,489 -0.8 67.7 97.12012 135 8,481 4.1 5,638 2.7 67.0 95.92013 135 8,917 5.1 7,605 34.9 86.1 115.62014 131 9,334 4.7 5,931 -22.0 64.0 94.92015 132 9,762 4.6 6,322 6.6 65.2 94.12016 130 10,278 5.3 6,271 -0.8 61.5 90.22017 127 10,763 4.7 6,653 6.1 62.3 90.32018 127 11,319 5.2 7,420 11.5 66.0 94.5




incl. fire brigade tax2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year3 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross premiums4 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross premiums

Source: GDV

74Business development* in comprehensive insurance on buildings

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1975 101 354 ° 186 ° 54.1 °1980 119 675 x 452 x 69.4 °1985 130 1,164 x 857 x 75.1 °1990 135 1,541 x 2,119 x 140.6 °1995 154 3,083 x 2,079 x 68.2 °2000 139 3,511 x 2,510 x 71.6 103.42001 136 3,534 0.7 2,436 -3.0 68.8 97.62002 135 3,624 2.5 4,187 71.9 116.1 144.02003 137 3,716 2.5 2,919 -30.3 78.9 107.22004 131 3,845 3.5 3,017 3.4 79.0 103.82005 127 3,985 3.6 2,996 -0.7 75.7 100.22006 123 4,066 2.0 3,165 5.7 78.2 102.82007 123 4,134 1.7 4,539 43.4 110.0 133.82008 126 4,437 7.3 3,711 -18.2 85.0 109.52009 125 4,665 5.1 3,551 -4.3 76.9 101.92010 126 4,790 2.7 4,095 15.3 85.8 112.22011 125 4,951 3.4 3,996 -2.4 81.3 107.32012 124 5,242 5.9 4,097 2.5 79.1 104.32013 124 5,612 7.1 6,009 46.7 108.6 134.72014 120 5,981 6.6 4,341 -27.8 73.4 101.82015 120 6,342 6.0 4,742 9.2 75.4 101.42016 117 6,791 7.1 4,725 -0.4 70.4 96.02017 116 7,198 6.0 5,208 10.2 73.0 97.92018 110 7,669 6.5 5,969 14.6 78.6 104.2





Source: GDV

75 Business development* in comprehensive insurance on contents

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1974 111 410 ° 245 ° 62.5 °1975 118 472 x 314 x 69.1 °1980 128 878 x 571 x 67.4 °1985 139 1,369 x 801 x 59.5 °1990 146 1,652 x 923 x 56.4 °1995 157 2,185 x 1,226 x 56.6 °2000 149 2,390 x 1,286 x 53.4 87.92001 145 2,422 1.3 1,243 -3.3 51.4 86.32002 142 2,442 0.9 1,478 18.9 60.5 97.02003 140 2,469 1.1 1,304 -11.8 52.7 87.82004 137 2,499 1.2 1,226 -5.9 49.2 82.22005 131 2,555 2.2 1,175 -4.2 46.2 78.72006 128 2,592 1.4 1,153 -1.9 44.5 75.42007 127 2,574 -0.7 1,146 -0.6 44.2 75.72008 129 2,600 1.0 1,148 0.3 44.2 74.92009 126 2,604 0.1 1,214 5.7 46.4 78.72010 128 2,652 1.8 1,206 -0.6 45.5 78.52011 125 2,682 1.1 1,265 4.9 47.3 81.12012 127 2,731 1.8 1,326 4.8 48.7 82.82013 126 2,792 2.3 1,391 4.9 50.0 84.02014 122 2,849 2.0 1,407 1.1 49.5 83.92015 124 2,919 2.5 1,394 -0.9 47.9 81.52016 121 2,990 2.4 1,373 -1.5 46.0 79.92017 118 3,063 2.4 1,267 -7.7 41.5 75.02018 118 3,142 2.6 1,274 0.5 40.7 74.3


1974–1980 x 13.5 x 15.1 x x x1980–1990 x 6.5 x 4.9 x x x1990–2000 x 3.8 x 3.4 x x x2000–2010 x 1.0 x -0.6 x x x2010–2018 x 2.1 x 0.7 x x x



Source: GDV

76Business development* in non-private property insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1975 ° 2,320 ° 1,466 ° 62.9 °1980 ° 3,005 x 2,349 x 79.2 °1985 ° 4,006 x 2,973 x 74.6 °1990 ° 4,653 x 3,976 x 86.1 °1995 ° 6,648 x 4,765 x 71.7 °2000 150 5,831 x 4,892 x 82.8 110.02001 140 5,871 0.7 4,970 1.6 84.4 109.92002 137 6,487 10.5 6,410 29.0 98.7 118.92003 137 7,116 9.7 4,711 -26.5 66.6 83.12004 136 7,241 1.8 4,502 -4.4 62.2 78.32005 136 7,120 -1.7 4,865 8.0 68.4 84.42006 132 7,091 -0.4 5,128 5.4 72.8 92.62007 131 6,814 -3.9 5,484 6.9 80.4 100.12008 135 7,020 3.0 5,234 -4.6 75.0 95.22009 137 7,170 2.1 5,164 -1.3 72.1 92.42010 141 7,179 0.1 5,619 8.8 78.0 99.82011 142 7,309 1.8 5,682 1.1 78.0 98.82012 142 7,533 3.1 6,018 5.9 80.2 100.520135 143 7,810 3.7 7,504 24.7 96.1 116.82014 141 7,958 1.9 6,246 -16.8 78.8 99.52015 139 8,244 3.6 6,674 6.8 81.6 105.32016 136 8,463 2.7 6,869 2.9 81.3 101.72017 135 8,681 2.6 6,445 -6.2 74.1 94.02018 133 9,003 3.7 7,590 17.8 84.1 104.5




incl. fire brigade tax2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year3 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross premiums4 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross premiums5 statistical special effect, adjusted rate of change in premiums: 2.7 %

Source: GDV

77 Business development* in industrial / commercial / agricultural property insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1978 ° 2,112 ° 1,426 ° 67.4 °1980 ° 2,375 x 1,873 x 79.7 °1985 ° 3,204 x 2,374 x 74.6 °1990 ° 3,649 x 3,129 x 86.1 °1995 ° 5,210 x 3,686 x 70.8 °2000 ° 4,518 x 3,657 x 80.0 106.62001 ° 4,557 0.9 3,798 3.9 83.1 110.72002 ° 5,164 13.3 5,184 36.5 100.4 123.82003 ° 5,765 11.6 3,684 -28.9 64.1 85.02004 ° 5,872 1.9 3,541 -3.9 60.3 79.92005 ° 5,772 -1.7 3,903 10.2 67.7 85.72006 ° 5,690 -1.4 4,158 6.5 73.4 93.72007 ° 5,454 -4.1 4,494 8.1 82.3 101.32008 ° 5,583 2.4 4,207 -6.4 75.7 96.12009 133 5,627 0.8 4,092 -2.7 72.7 93.02010 129 5,587 -0.7 4,467 9.2 79.4 102.52011 130 5,635 0.9 4,540 1.6 80.8 102.42012 133 5,750 2.0 4,863 7.1 84.8 105.32013 130 5,888 2.4 6,131 26.1 104.2 124.42014 130 6,050 2.8 4,908 -20.0 81.2 102.72015 128 6,244 3.2 5,376 9.5 86.4 110.32016 125 6,420 2.8 5,472 1.8 85.4 106.62017 125 6,653 3.6 5,058 -7.6 76.2 96.92018 120 6,931 4.2 6,217 22.9 89.5 109.8





Source: GDV

78Business development* in engineering insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1954 ° 25 ° 16 ° 61.2 °1960 38 71 x 43 x 64.8 °1970 51 204 x 147 x 75.1 °1975 63 379 x 276 x 74.0 °1980 85 630 x 476 x 77.2 °1985 93 803 x 599 x 74.6 °1990 107 1,004 x 846 x 85.9 °1995 117 1,438 x 1,079 x 74.7 °2000 113 1,312 x 1,235 x 92.3 117.72001 112 1,314 0.1 1,172 -5.1 89.0 105.42002 108 1,323 0.7 1,226 4.6 92.3 108.12003 106 1,351 2.1 1,027 -16.2 76.9 89.02004 104 1,368 1.3 961 -6.4 70.6 83.22005 101 1,347 -1.5 962 0.1 71.4 86.92006 97 1,401 4.0 970 0.8 70.3 87.12007 99 1,360 -2.9 990 2.1 72.8 92.12008 101 1,437 5.7 1,027 3.7 72.6 91.82009 102 1,543 7.4 1,072 4.5 70.0 90.32010 107 1,592 3.1 1,152 7.4 72.8 89.92011 107 1,674 5.2 1,142 -0.9 68.6 86.72012 108 1,784 6.6 1,155 1.1 65.3 84.920135 108 1,923 7.8 1,373 18.8 71.4 93.62014 105 1,907 -0.8 1,338 -2.5 70.9 89.22015 105 1,999 4.8 1,298 -3.0 66.3 89.52016 103 2,043 2.2 1,397 7.7 68.6 86.12017 103 2,028 -0.8 1,388 -0.7 67.3 84.72018 99 2,072 2.2 1,374 -1.0 66.2 86.9


1954–1960 x 19.1 x 17.6 x x x1960–1970 x 11.2 x 13.0 x x x1970–1980 x 12.0 x 12.5 x x x1980–1990 x 4.8 x 5.9 x x x1990–2000 x 2.7 x 3.9 x x x2000–2010 x 1.9 x -0.7 x x x2010–2018 x 3.4 x 2.2 x x x

* German direct business; incl. EI-BI1 written gross premiums; without insurance premium tax2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year3 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross premiums4 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross premiums5 statistical special effect, adjusted rate of change in premiums: 3.4 %

Source: GDV

79 Business development* in general liability insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1970 104 622 ° 439 ° 72.6 °1975 108 1,186 ° 833 ° 71.6 °1980 126 1,870 x 1,402 x 77.2 °1985 132 2,556 x 2,017 x 79.6 °1990 142 3,561 x 2,701 x 77.2 °1995 164 5,450 x 4,332 x 80.1 °2000 159 5,877 x 4,663 x 78.9 °2001 156 5,922 0.8 5,046 8.2 84.4 °2002 155 6,148 3.8 4,647 -7.9 75.3 °2003 155 6,306 2.6 4,401 -5.3 69.3 °2004 147 6,535 3.6 4,480 1.8 68.4 89.62005 146 6,807 4.2 4,434 -1.0 65.5 85.82006 144 6,874 1.0 4,468 0.8 65.4 85.42007 143 6,821 -0.8 4,419 -1.1 64.5 89.32008 144 6,826 0.1 4,578 3.6 67.0 89.12009 139 6,836 0.1 4,630 1.1 67.5 90.72010 138 6,782 -0.8 4,710 1.7 69.5 91.12011 139 6,927 2.1 4,608 -2.2 66.9 90.92012 138 7,096 2.4 4,598 -0.2 64.8 95.82013 135 7,223 1.8 4,780 4.0 66.4 95.32014 135 7,442 3.0 4,814 0.7 65.0 94.22015 135 7,523 1.1 4,905 1.9 65.3 93.22016 132 7,667 1.9 5,046 2.9 65.8 90.92017 130 7,746 1.0 5,136 1.8 66.2 91.02018 130 7,886 1.8 5,244 2.1 66.6 89.7



* German direct business; without nuclear liability insurance, pecuniary damage liability insurance, aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance and carrier’s liability insurance

1 written gross premiums; without insurance premium tax2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year3 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross premiums4 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross premiums

Source: GDV

80Business development* in private accident insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1950 63 29 x ° ° ° °1960 91 124 x 62 x 57.3 °1970 99 456 x 214 x 54.8 °1975 107 828 x 392 x 53.6 °1980 125 1,471 x 691 x 53.8 °1985 129 2,261 x 1,028 x 52.5 °1990 147 3,140 x 1,420 x 52.6 °1995 165 4,662 x 2,166 x 54.1 84.92000 156 5,404 x 2,460 x 55.2 82.82001 157 5,485 1.5 2,452 -0.4 54.4 84.02002 153 5,604 2.2 2,392 -2.4 52.4 82.52003 152 5,808 3.6 2,546 6.4 54.5 84.42004 148 5,969 2.8 2,586 1.6 54.6 84.82005 145 6,034 1.1 2,661 2.9 56.1 85.92006 142 6,237 3.4 2,795 5.0 57.4 86.12007 142 6,312 1.2 2,813 0.7 56.9 79.82008 142 6,359 0.7 2,856 1.5 57.1 78.22009 135 6,389 0.5 2,928 2.5 58.2 79.32010 134 6,411 0.3 3,037 3.7 60.2 80.32011 135 6,487 1.2 3,070 1.1 60.2 79.62012 130 6,522 0.5 3,038 -1.0 59.2 79.32013 129 6,411 -1.7 3,092 1.8 59.7 79.42014 130 6,471 0.9 3,167 2.4 60.1 80.92015 131 6,365 -1.6 3,236 2.2 61.1 79.22016 127 6,450 1.3 3,238 0.0 59.9 77.42017 123 6,479 0.5 3,364 3.9 61.1 81.52018 123 6,545 1.0 3,393 0.9 60.6 77.4


1950–1960 x 15.5 x ° x x x1960–1970 x 13.9 x 13.1 x x x1970–1980 x 12.4 x 12.4 x x x1980–1990 x 7.9 x 7.5 x x x1990–2000 x 5.6 x 5.7 x x x2000–2010 x 1.7 x 2.1 x x x2010–2018 x 0.3 x 1.4 x x x

* German direct business1 written gross premiums; without insurance premium tax2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year3 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross risk premiums (i.e.

without the savings portion of accident insurance products with guaranteed premium return)

4 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross risk premiums (i.e. without the savings portion of accident insurance products with guaranteed premium return)

Source: GDV

81 Business development* in legal expenses insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1976 23 538 ° 301 ° 59.7 °1980 26 840 x 532 x 65.2 °1985 31 1,209 x 829 x 69.7 98.31990 33 1,631 x 1,118 x 69.5 93.41995 45 2,216 x 1,776 x 81.6 106.52000 48 2,690 x 1,922 x 71.5 96.02001 49 2,707 0.6 1,966 2.3 72.4 98.42002 51 2,727 0.7 2,042 3.9 74.8 98.82003 50 2,827 3.7 2,083 2.0 74.2 99.02004 49 2,924 3.4 2,137 2.6 73.5 101.32005 50 3,014 3.1 2,229 4.3 74.2 101.92006 51 3,066 1.7 2,215 -0.6 72.4 99.12007 51 3,158 3.0 2,223 0.3 70.7 97.82008 49 3,204 1.4 2,275 2.4 71.2 95.52009 46 3,206 0.1 2,410 5.9 75.0 99.02010 47 3,248 1.3 2,336 -3.1 71.9 99.62011 49 3,331 2.6 2,338 0.1 70.6 97.72012 48 3,343 0.4 2,362 1.0 70.6 96.72013 48 3,417 2.2 2,474 4.7 72.4 99.32014 47 3,486 2.0 2,600 5.1 74.7 102.42015 48 3,621 3.9 2,652 2.0 73.7 100.02016 46 3,828 5.7 2,792 5.2 73.6 100.22017 46 3,981 4.0 2,738 -1.9 69.1 97.82018 45 4,149 4.2 2,809 2.6 68.0 98.8




Source: GDV

82Business development* in marine and aviation insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1950 ° 43 ° 27 ° 61.7 °1960 ° 191 ° 130 ° 67.9 °1970 ° 395 ° 273 ° 69.2 °1975 ° 589 x 409 x 70.7 °1980 ° 912 x 698 x 77.3 °1985 ° 1,083 x 691 x 63.7 °1990 ° 1,214 x 976 x 90.9 °1995 ° 1,570 x 821 x 71.2 °2000 90 1,636 x 1,351 x 82.6 122.52001 86 1,746 6.7 1,372 1.6 78.6 124.02002 85 1,793 2.7 1,162 -15.3 64.8 107.12003 87 1,880 4.8 1,107 -4.7 58.9 94.72004 85 1,912 1.7 1,128 1.9 59.0 92.92005 77 1,845 -3.5 1,124 -0.4 60.9 87.72006 76 1,860 0.8 1,153 2.6 62.0 89.22007 75 1,858 -0.1 1,274 10.5 68.6 89.82008 72 1,730 -6.9 1,178 -7.6 68.1 95.72009 72 1,689 -2.4 1,106 -6.1 65.5 97.02010 77 1,775 x 1,136 x 64.0 95.82011 77 1,818 2.4 1,227 8.0 67.7 98.62012 76 1,909 5.0 1,252 2.0 65.6 97.220135 74 1,764 -7.6 1,333 6.5 75.7 105.12014 72 1,765 0.1 1,110 -16.7 62.9 91.420156 89 1,849 1.6 1,583 38.3 86.3 120.220166 89 1,847 1.2 1,281 -18.0 69.4 106.02017 85 1,831 -0.9 1,178 -8.1 65.0 97.42018 85 1,914 4.5 1,205 2.3 63.3 91.0


1950–1960 x 16.1 x 17.0 x x x 1960–1970 x 7.5 x 7.7 x x x1970–1980 x 8.7 x 9.8 x x x1980–1990 x 2.9 x 3.4 x x x1990–2000 x 3.0 x 3.3 x x x2000–2009 x 0.4 x -2.2 x x x2010–2018 x 0.9 x 0.7 x x x

* German direct business; cargo, carrier‘s liability, ocean hull and inland hull insurance as well as special classes (travel insurance, valuables in transit, exhibition risks a.o.); from 2010 incl. aviation insurance as well as aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance, due to this modification no rate of change for 2010 displayed

1 written gross premiums; without insurance premium tax2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year; until 1999 without special classes (travel

insurance, valuables in transit, exhibition risks a.o.)3 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross premiums4 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross premiums5 statistical special effect, adjusted rate of change in premiums: 1.4 %6 adjusted rates of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV; BaFin

83 Premium income* in marine and aviation insurance by class

year totalcargo

insurance1carrier’s liability

insurance2marine hull insurance3 others4

premiums5 in EUR m

1980 917 448 123 162 1841990 1,215 567 204 145 2982000 1,636 750 231 164 4912005 1,845 879 235 225 5052006 1,860 873 234 232 5212007 1,858 862 241 248 5072008 1,730 745 266 224 4952009 1,689 722 253 233 4812010 1,775 659 242 248 6262011 1,818 704 245 263 6072012 1,909 724 249 248 6882013 1,764 726 250 235 5532014 1,765 717 256 222 5702015 1,849 714 254 198 6822016 1,847 770 259 192 6252017 1,831 745 260 186 6392018 1,914 779 261 185 690


2006 0.8 -0.7 -0.4 3.1 3.22007 -0.1 -1.3 3.0 6.9 -2.72008 -6.9 -13.6 10.4 -9.7 -2.42009 -2.4 -3.1 -4.9 4.0 -2.82010 x -8.7 -4.3 6.4 x2011 2.4 6.8 1.2 6.0 -3.02012 5.0 2.8 1.6 -5.7 13.320136 -7.6 0.3 0.4 -5.2 -19.62014 0.1 -1.2 2.4 -5.5 3.120157 1.6 -0.4 -0.8 -10.6 2.120167 1.2 7.8 1.9 -3.1 -7.12017 -0.9 -3.3 0.5 -3.1 2.22018 4.5 4.5 0.3 -0.9 7.9


1980–1990 2.9 2.4 5.2 -1.1 4.91990–2000 3.0 2.8 1.3 1.2 5.12000–2009 0.4 -0.4 1.0 4.0 -0.22010–2018 0.9 2.1 0.9 -3.6 1.2

* German direct business; from 2010 incl. aviation insurance as well as aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance, due to this modification no rate of change for 2010 displayed

1 incl. war premium 2 insurance covers carrier’s, freight forwarder’s and warehouse owner’s liability caused to

cargo loss or damage to goods transported3 incl. ocean and inland hull as well as machinery insurance, builder’s risk insurance and

pleasure craft insurance; since 1998 incl. other similar hull properties insurance 4 special classes (travel insurance, valuables in transit, exhibition risk and fine arts

insurance, a.o. as well as collective notification); from 2010 incl. aviation insurance as well as aircraft and spacecraft liability insurance

5 written gross premiums; without insurance premium tax6 statistical special effect, adjusted rate of change total: 1.4 %, others: 5.3 %7 total and others: adjusted rates of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV; BaFin

84Business development* in credit, surety and fidelity insurance

year

number of in-

surance compa-

nies


claims ratio

as %3

combined ratio

as %4in EUR m

change against


change against

previous year as %

1960 17 18 ° 6 ° 34.2 °1970 11 42 ° 17 ° 40.8 °1975 14 128 ° 104 ° 85.1 °1980 21 243 x 139 x 58.8 °1985 21 461 x 310 x 67.6 °1990 24 629 x 350 x 55.7 °1995 11 764 x 1,235 x 103.9 °2000 14 1,008 x 622 x 62.3 °2001 12 1,096 8.8 972 56.2 90.5 °2002 13 1,140 4.1 941 -3.2 86.3 °2003 27 1,288 x 885 x 69.3 80.72004 27 1,308 1.5 743 -16.0 56.8 83.72005 31 1,374 5.1 870 17.0 63.4 79.32006 32 1,372 -0.2 691 -20.5 50.9 60.52007 34 1,381 0.7 715 3.4 51.9 72.02008 36 1,387 0.4 981 37.2 70.9 77.92009 39 1,400 0.9 1,075 9.6 76.7 90.82010 42 1,541 10.1 658 -38.7 43.1 56.92011 40 1,540 -0.1 727 10.4 47.5 67.32012 39 1,570 2.0 927 27.6 59.9 77.52013 40 1,582 0.7 893 -3.7 57.1 78.42014 40 1,561 -1.3 668 -25.2 43.2 68.620155 44 1,646 1.0 679 -2.1 42.5 66.82016 44 1,660 0.8 768 13.1 47.0 67.62017 41 1,675 0.9 718 -6.4 43.5 64.92018 42 1,717 2.5 695 -3.3 41.3 70.5


1960–1970 x 9.2 x 11.2 x x x1970–1980 x 19.1 x 23.2 x x x1980–1990 x 10.0 x 9.7 x x x1990–2000 x 4.8 x 5.9 x x x2000–2010 x 4.3 x 0.6 x x x2010–2018 x 1.4 x 0.7 x x x

* German direct business; until 2002 BaFin del credere and surety insurance, from 2003 GDV del credere, surety and fidelity insurance; due to this modification no rate of change for 2003 displayed

1 written gross premiums; without insurance premium tax 2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year 3 gross claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned gross premiums 4 claims-expenses ratio after settlement; as % of earned gross premiums5 adjusted rates of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV; BaFin

85 Business development* in roadside assistance

year

number of insurance

companies


in EUR m


as % in EUR m


as %1978 36 4 ° 2 ° 1980 46 14 x 5 x1985 51 35 x 13 x1990 50 67 x 30 x1995 58 87 x 42 x2000 76 127 x 76 x2001 79 132 3.3 82 8.32002 77 131 -0.5 82 -0.12003 77 136 4.0 89 9.22004 75 148 8.9 91 2.12005 75 140 -5.4 92 0.92006 75 144 2.4 98 6.72007 77 148 3.1 112 13.72008 78 156 5.0 133 18.72009 77 162 4.3 175 x2010 78 165 1.8 193 10.32011 81 171 3.4 189 -2.42012 81 175 2.3 194 3.02013 78 173 -1.1 202 3.92014 76 185 7.3 193 -4.42015 76 185 -0.5 210 8.92016 75 196 6.3 226 7.72017 76 207 5.8 235 4.020183 78 209 4.9 237 2.6


1978–1980 x 88.5 x 62.1 x1980–1990 x 17.2 x 20.1 x1990–2000 x 6.6 x 9.5 x2000–2010 x 2.6 x 9.8 x2010–2018 x 3.0 x 2.6 x

* German direct business; until 1995 only individual contracts1 written gross premiums; without insurance premium tax2 gross claims incurred for the accounting year; from 2009 incl. group contracts, due to

this modification no rate of change for 2009 displayed3 adjusted rates of change due to a change in basic population

Source: GDV

86Investment portfolio of property & casualty insurance companies*: in absolute figures


in EUR bn


bonds and debentures held in funds ° ° ° ° ° 46.4


shares 6.4 10.0 11.6 12.1 13.3 12.8participating interests4 15.4 15.2 16.1 18.1 18.7 25.5real estate 5.4 6.2 6.5 6.9 7.3 6.5other investments 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.6 3.8 2.9total 138.0 155.4 160.6 164.9 168.8 167.5for information:equity capital 27.0 32.4 32.8 33.6 34.7 °technical provisions 87.8 114.6 115.6 118.6 124.6 °



Source: BaFin, GDV

86 Investment portfolio of property & casualty insurance companies*: in percentages


as %


bonds and debentures held in funds ° ° ° ° ° 27.7





Source: BaFin, GDV

87Premium income and claims expenditure of reinsurance companies*

accounting year

num-ber of

rein-surers

premiums earned incl. additional charges net

of retrocession for infor-mation: foreign

business as %1

claims expenditure, net of retrocession2

in EUR m

change against prev.

year as % in EUR m

as % of earned pre-

miums, net of retrocession

1960 28 742.9 x ° 453.3 61.01965 32 1,407.2 x ° 900.4 64.01970 25 2,078.5 x ° 1,451.8 69.81975 26 3,866.9 x 30.9 2,445.6 63.21980 30 7,141.0 x 40.4 4,832.7 67.71985 29 10,784.8 x 38.0 7,738.8 71.81990 28 13,713.0 x 34.2 10,123.9 73.81991 31 15,671.1 14.3 34.1 11,233.3 71.71992 32 17,872.5 14.0 36.3 12,685.0 71.01993 32 21,105.2 18.1 38.9 13,969.4 66.21994 33 21,528.9 2.0 36.6 14,088.1 65.41995 36 21,969.8 2.0 35.4 14,469.9 65.91996 33 22,411.1 2.0 37.6 14,509.0 64.71997 35 24,173.3 7.9 40.7 16,111.4 66.61998 40 23,969.3 -0.8 41.9 15,950.3 66.51999 39 26,147.4 9.1 46.9 19,594.9 74.92000 36 28,842.8 10.3 51.1 19,641.2 68.12001 37 31,808.2 10.3 55.5 24,484.6 77.02002 42 41,047.6 29.0 60.4 25,984.4 63.32003 43 40,157.1 -2.2 60.5 22,910.3 57.12004 44 37,126.5 -7.5 59.3 22,157.6 59.72005 43 35,672.9 -3.9 61.0 22,964.8 64.42006 43 36,014.6 1.0 60.7 19,307.4 53.62007 42 32,298.2 -10.3 61.6 17,925.2 55.52008 41 31,393.4 -2.8 65.2 17,654.7 56.22009 38 34,673.6 10.4 68.9 19,532.0 56.32010 37 36,191.2 4.4 73.1 22,944.4 63.42011 35 40,352.1 11.5 75.5 28,966.2 71.82012 35 43,943.8 8.9 76.2 26,910.3 61.22013 34 43,489.9 -1.0 76.2 27,045.6 62.22014 32 44,697.3 2.8 73.2 28,348.8 63.42015 32 48,688.8 8.9 75.7 30,523.6 62.72016 31 49,795.9 2.3 74.7 32,993.2 66.32017 32 50,733.0 1.9 73.5 35,475.8 69.9


1960–1970 x 10.8 x x 12.3 x1970–1980 x 13.1 x x 12.8 x1980–1990 x 6.7 x x 7.7 x1990–2000 x 7.7 x x 6.9 x2000–2010 x 2.3 x x 1.6 x2010–2017 x 4.9 x x 6.4 x

* inward reinsurance of specialist reinsurers which are included in BaFin‘s reports1 share of written gross premiums from foreign ceding insurers in total business of

reinsurance companies2 claims incurred for the accounting year

Source: BaFin

88 Premium income* of reinsurance companies by class

insurance class 1960 1980 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017

share as %1

private accident 3.8 4.5 3.9 4.1 3.0 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.3general liability 7.7 10.4 8.6 10.7 8.5 9.0 9.5 9.7 9.6motor 35.4 23.9 19.0 14.2 11.5 14.5 14.9 17.8 19.3fire 21.6 25.3 15.0 15.6 13.5 12.9 12.5 13.2 13.4aviation and aerospace2 ° ° 2.9 4.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5marine 10.6 7.3 4.4 4.1 3.7 2.5 2.5 2.2 1.9life 10.4 10.3 22.8 26.5 30.3 29.2 30.0 26.3 24.8others 10.5 18.3 23.4 20.2 27.7 27.8 26.7 26.9 27.2

* earned gross premiums total insurance business1 as % of total earned gross premiums2 incl. liability insurance

Source: BaFin

89Technical results of reinsurance companies by class

insurance class 1980 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017

claims ratio as %1

total 67.7 72.2 64.4 56.3 71.1 62.7 66.3 69.9of which:

private accident 52.4 46.1 42.7 56.5 61.1 56.0 54.8 53.2general liability 66.3 81.6 51.7 90.3 81.8 80.8 75.2 76.0motor 79.5 90.6 73.2 99.5 86.2 81.6 77.5 79.6fire 70.7 87.9 97.8 104.8 78.2 65.5 81.6 106.7aviation and aerospace2 102.7 98.2 25.1 91.1 118.8 74.4 61.1 70.1

marine 81.8 94.2 76.0 86.5 60.6 69.4 59.6 75.9life 34.0 46.9 55.4 50.4 55.6 42.8 51.7 45.7

technical result as %3

total -4.1 -9.7 -4.7 1.2 2.4 3.8 3.6 -2.6of which:

private accident 1.3 1.8 -67.2 11.8 15.5 6.1 17.0 16.4general liability 2.0 -13.8 -23.7 -24.7 -5.0 -1.8 -3.3 -0.8motor -3.2 -13.9 1.1 -3.7 -2.6 -3.6 -2.0 -7.6fire -9.2 -21.6 -16.0 3.6 16.1 20.3 11.1 -21.8aviation and aerospace2 -23.4 -23.5 23.3 22.0 -17.1 11.5 55.4 45.0

marine -11.8 -25.2 -14.8 4.5 15.0 10.9 10.1 0.5life 1.0 0.0 4.0 4.7 1.9 2.1 4.3 1.5

1 claims incurred for the accounting year as % of earned premiums, net of retrocession2 without liability insurance3 technical result, net of retrocession, before change in the equalisation provision and

similar provisions in relation to earned premiums, net of retrocession

Source: BaFin

90 Investment portfolio of rein-surance companies*


in EUR bn

land and land rights 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6investments in affiliated companies and equity investments 109.0 111.9 113.9 118.1 118.3 122.4

shares 2.5 3.2 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.0investment units 23.8 24.8 27.0 27.3 25.5 24.1bearer notes and other fixed-income securities 51.5 60.8 69.4 77.2 85.6 83.6

registered bonds 4.0 4.9 5.0 4.3 5.1 4.9notes and loans receivable 4.7 5.4 4.4 3.1 3.5 3.4other investments 5.2 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.1total 202.2 216.5 227.5 238.2 246.6 247.0

as % of investments

land and land rights 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6investments in affiliated companies and equity investments 53.9 51.7 50.1 49.6 48.0 49.5

shares 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2investment units 11.8 11.5 11.9 11.5 10.4 9.8bearer notes and other fixed-income securities 25.5 28.1 30.5 32.4 34.7 33.8

registered bonds 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.0notes and loans receivable 2.3 2.5 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.4other investments 2.6 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

in EUR bn

for information:equity capital 57.7 75.5 72.3 77.1 78.7 76.9technical provisions 129.4 118.8 130.4 135.5 138.8 137.3

* as per end of year; without deposit receivables from insurance business assumed as reinsurance cover

Source: BaFin, GDV

91Development of population 1950–2060*

ages from … to under ... years 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

numbers in 1,000

under 20 21,085 20,761 23,413 20,972 17,306 17,390 15,08220–35 13,284 16,104 16,480 16,764 19,572 16,277 14,78935–50 16,145 13,050 14,735 16,363 15,809 19,326 18,69250–65 12,084 14,763 12,663 12,135 15,153 15,572 16,34420–65 total 41,513 43,916 43,877 45,261 50,534 51,176 49,82665 and older 6,749 8,470 10,780 12,164 11,912 13,694 16,844total 69,346 73,147 78,069 78,397 79,753 82,260 81,752

as % of total population

under 20 30.4 28.4 30.0 26.8 21.7 21.1 18.420–35 19.2 22.0 21.1 21.4 24.5 19.8 18.135–50 23.3 17.8 18.9 20.9 19.8 23.5 22.950–65 17.4 20.2 16.2 15.5 19.0 18.9 20.020–65 total 59.9 60.0 56.2 57.7 63.4 62.2 60.965 and older 9.7 11.6 13.8 15.5 14.9 16.6 20.6total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0old age depen-dency ratio1 16.3 19.3 24.6 26.9 23.6 26.8 33.8

ages from … to under ... years 2016 2017 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

numbers in 1,000

under 20 15,221 15,252 15,296 15,709 14,920 14,100 14,11520–35 15,162 15,191 15,190 13,303 12,960 13,299 12,30535–50 16,140 15,895 15,427 16,452 15,043 13,633 14,23850–65 18,489 18,745 19,160 16,271 16,068 16,133 14,25320–65 total 49,791 49,791 49,777 46,026 44,071 43,065 40,79665 and older 17,510 17,710 18,300 21,840 23,717 24,127 24,790total 82,522 82,793 83,373 83,573 82,708 81,294 79,696

as % of total population

under 20 18.3 18.4 18.3 18.8 18.0 17.3 17.720–35 18.4 18.3 18.2 15.9 15.7 16.4 15.435–50 20.0 19.2 18.5 19.7 18.2 16.8 17.950–65 22.1 22.6 23.0 19.5 19.4 19.8 17.920–65 total 60.6 60.1 59.7 55.1 53.3 53.0 51.265 and older 21.1 21.4 21.9 26.1 28.7 29.7 31.1total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0old age depen-dency ratio1 35.2 35.6 36.8 47.5 53.8 56.0 60.8

* as per end of year; from 2020 estimated figures of the 14th co-ordinated population forecast, variant 9: stable birth rate, pronounced increase in life expectancy, migration balance: 221,000 p.a.

1 number of persons aged 65 and over per 100 persons aged 20–64

Source: StBA

92Development of life expectancy*

age (birth cohort)

male femaletrend variant 11 trend variant 22 trend variant 11 trend variant 22

further life expectancy in 2017

0 years (2017) 84.34 89.83 88.19 92.9030 years (1987) 54.90 60.39 58.58 63.3140 years (1977) 45.08 50.58 48.67 53.4150 years (1967) 35.44 40.92 38.88 43.6160 years (1957) 26.39 31.63 29.42 34.0170 years (1947) 17.96 22.66 20.31 24.5980 years (1937) 10.18 14.11 11.68 15.48

birth cohortmale female

trend variant 11 trend variant 22 trend variant 11 trend variant 22

life expectancy at birth

1910 52.06 52.06 58.53 58.531920 57.52 57.52 64.72 64.721930 64.05 64.07 71.96 72.021940 68.67 68.77 76.43 76.611950 71.86 72.14 78.87 79.201960 75.50 76.06 81.94 82.501970 78.79 79.72 84.44 85.301980 81.24 82.69 86.18 87.571990 82.87 85.18 87.27 89.442000 83.77 87.17 87.82 90.912010 84.15 88.77 88.08 92.122017 84.34 89.83 88.19 92.90

* based on StBA‘s most recent cohort mortality tables for birth cohorts 1871–2017 (published in 2017)

1 model calculations based on long-term development of mortality since 1871 and on short-term development since 1971

2 model calculations based on short-term development since 1971

Source: StBA

93Development of mortality*

period life table

average remaining duration of life at specified ages of … years according to respectively prevailing mortality conditions1

men women0 1 30 60 80 0 1 30 60 80

West2

1871/1881 35.6 46.5 31.4 12.1 4.1 38.5 48.1 33.1 12.7 4.21891/1900 40.6 51.9 33.5 12.8 4.2 44.0 53.8 35.6 13.6 4.51932/1934 59.9 64.4 39.5 15.1 4.8 62.8 66.4 41.1 16.1 5.21949/1951 64.6 67.8 41.3 16.2 5.2 68.5 71.0 43.9 17.5 5.61960/1962 66.9 68.3 41.1 15.5 5.2 72.4 73.5 45.5 18.5 5.91980/1982 70.2 70.1 42.4 16.5 5.7 76.9 76.7 48.4 20.8 7.01997/1999 74.8 74.2 44.0 19.2 7.0 80.7 80.1 51.5 23.4 8.4

East3

1956/1957 66.3 69.0 42.0 16.2 5.3 71.0 73.0 45.3 18.5 5.91969/1970 68.8 69.3 41.9 16.1 6.0 74.2 74.4 46.4 19.3 6.61985/1986 69.6 69.4 41.6 15.9 5.1 75.5 75.1 46.8 19.2 6.01997/1999 73.0 72.4 44.4 18.3 6.5 80.0 79.3 50.8 22.7 8.1

Germany

1997/1999 74.4 73.8 45.7 19.0 6.9 80.6 79.9 51.3 23.3 8.41999/2001 75.1 74.5 46.3 19.5 7.1 81.1 80.4 51.8 23.7 8.62000/2002 75.4 74.7 46.5 19.7 7.1 81.2 80.5 51.9 23.8 8.62001/2003 75.6 74.9 46.7 19.8 7.1 81.3 80.7 52.0 23.9 8.62002/2004 75.9 75.2 46.9 20.1 7.2 81.6 80.9 52.2 24.1 8.62003/2005 76.2 75.6 47.2 20.3 7.4 81.8 81.1 52.4 24.3 8.72004/2006 76.6 76.0 47.6 20.6 7.5 82.1 81.4 52.7 24.5 8.92005/2007 76.9 76.2 47.8 20.8 7.6 82.3 81.5 52.9 24.6 8.92006/2008 77.2 76.5 48.1 20.9 7.7 82.4 81.7 53.0 24.7 9.02007/2009 77.3 76.7 48.2 21.0 7.7 82.5 81.8 53.1 24.8 9.02008/2010 77.5 76.8 48.4 21.2 7.7 82.6 81.9 53.2 24.9 9.12009/2011 77.7 77.0 48.6 21.3 7.8 82.7 82.0 53.3 25.0 9.12010/2012 77.7 77.0 48.6 21.3 7.7 82.8 82.1 53.4 25.0 9.22011/2013 77.9 77.2 48.7 21.4 7.7 82.9 82.1 53.4 25.1 9.22012/2014 78.1 77.4 48.9 21.5 7.8 83.1 82.3 53.6 25.2 9.32013/2015 78.2 77.5 48.9 21.5 7.8 83.1 82.3 53.6 25.2 9.32014/2016 78.3 77.6 49.1 21.6 7.9 83.2 82.5 53.7 25.3 9.42015/2017 78.4 77.6 49.1 21.6 7.9 83.2 82.4 53.7 25.3 9.4

* based on period life tables1 no statement on future life expectancy possible on this basis due to the upward trend in

the age of death2 until 1932/34 Reich territory, from 1949/51 former FRG territory without the Saarland

and Berlin, from 1960/62 former FRG territory3 territory of the East German federal states and East Berlin

Source: StBA

94Development of number of households*

1950 19611 19701 1980 1990 2000

numbers in 1,000

total number of households 16,650 19,460 21,991 24,811 28,175 38,124single households 3,229 4,010 5,527 7,493 9,849 13,750two-person households 4,208 5,156 5,959 7,123 8,520 12,720three-person households 3,833 4,389 4,314 4,387 4,712 5,598four-person households 2,692 3,118 3,351 3,632 3,602 4,391households with 5 or more persons 2,687 2,787 2,839 2,176 1,493 1,665

for information:total number of persons living in households 49,850 56,012 60,176 61,481 63,492 82,473

average number of persons per household 2.99 2.88 2.74 2.48 2.25 2.16

2010 2018 20202 20252 20302 20352

numbers in 1,000

total number of households 40,301 41,378 42,202 42,646 42,936 43,170single households 16,195 17,333 17,621 17,998 18,422 18,985two-person households 13,793 13,983 14,683 15,134 15,377 15,413three-person households 5,089 4,923 4,957 4,759 4,555 4,377four-person households 3,846 3,748 3,659 3,540 3,428 3,308households with 5 or more persons 1,378 1,390 1,283 1,215 1,154 1,087

for information:total number of persons living in households 81,779 82,501 ° ° ° °

average number of persons per household 2.03 1.99 1.97 1.95 1.93 1.90

* until 1990 former FRG territory, from 2000 Germany1 according to census2 according to household projection 2017, trend version (basis: 2015)

Source: StBA

95Volume and structure of employment*

total employ-

ment2

employment by occupational status

for information:

year1 male female employeesself-

employed3

employees subject to social insurance

contributions4unem-

ployed5

numbers in 1,000 as % numbers in 1,000

1950 ° ° ° 13,963 6,413 ° 1,8691960 ° ° ° 20,594 5,907 ° 2711970 26,695 64 36 21,896 4,556 ° 1491980 27,495 62 38 23,635 3,240 20,954 8891990 30,406 60 40 26,176 3,158 22,368 1,8832000 39,792 56 44 32,638 3,966 27,842 3,8902005 39,220 55 45 32,066 4,501 26,300 4,8612008 40,805 55 45 34,241 4,492 27,695 3,2592009 40,845 54 46 34,203 4,460 27,603 3,4152010 40,983 54 46 34,459 4,480 27,967 3,2392011 41,534 54 46 34,389 4,526 28,644 2,9762012 42,006 54 46 34,679 4,527 29,280 2,8972013 42,257 53 47 35,188 4,429 29,616 2,9502014 42,607 53 47 35,573 4,368 30,175 2,8982015 42,993 53 47 35,958 4,321 30,771 2,7952016 43,550 53 47 37,040 4,299 31,443 2,6912017 44,155 53 47 37,395 4,246 32,165 2,5332018 44,714 ° ° ° ° 32,870 2,340

employment by economic sector for information:

year

agri-culture,

forestry, fishery

manu-facturing

industry

trade, hotels & restaurants,

transport, communication

other services

labour force

unem-ployed6

unemployed as %

of labour force

numbers in 1,000 as %

2000 987 12,102 8,417 15,097 42,906 3,114 7.32005 867 10,869 8,504 16,326 43,726 4,506 10.32008 873 11,492 8,896 17,475 43,823 3,018 6.92009 648 11,082 9,735 17,197 43,943 3,098 7.12010 637 10,995 9,812 17,495 43,804 2,821 6.42011 639 10,956 9,780 17,541 43,933 2,399 5.52012 612 11,031 9,869 17,693 44,230 2,224 5.02013 573 10,985 10,261 17,800 44,439 2,182 4.92014 571 11,188 10,231 17,951 44,697 2,090 4.72015 562 11,135 10,376 18,206 44,943 1,950 4.32016 540 11,300 10,677 18,821 45,324 1,774 3.92017 532 11,411 10,744 18,955 45,776 1,621 3.52018 ° ° ° ° 46,185 1,471 3.2

* according to micro census1 until 1990 former FRG territory, from 2000 Germany2 according to employment accounts3 incl. unpaid family members assisting in business4 as at 30 June5 according to definition of BA; annual averages6 according to definition of ILO

Source: StBA; BA

96 Gross domestic product and its components: at current prices

year1

gross domestic

product

expen-diture on

private consump-

tion

expen -diture

on public consump-

tion

fixed capital

formationchange in

inventories

net export of goods

and services

in EUR bn

1970 360.6 195.2 55.1 92.0 10.6 7.71980 788.5 452.1 154.9 178.1 8.5 -5.11990 1,306.7 717.2 234.8 277.7 4.4 72.51991 1,579.8 890.7 293.0 392.7 11.6 -8.12000 2,116.5 1,209.4 395.0 486.5 19.8 5.72001 2,179.9 1,250.3 404.6 472.5 13.9 38.42002 2,209.3 1,256.6 416.0 442.7 -2.6 96.72003 2,220.1 1,280.9 420.8 433.1 4.0 81.32004 2,270.6 1,303.1 419.0 435.0 -0.8 114.52005 2,300.9 1,328.6 423.0 438.8 -5.9 116.42006 2,393.3 1,362.8 430.4 474.4 -1.2 126.82007 2,513.2 1,384.9 439.7 505.6 15.9 167.12008 2,561.7 1,416.7 457.6 520.8 13.6 153.12009 2,460.3 1,413.0 481.2 471.4 -26.9 121.52010 2,580.1 1,446.3 493.3 501.4 4.9 134.12011 2,703.1 1,495.5 505.7 547.8 21.9 132.12012 2,758.3 1,538.0 519.7 554.7 -22.2 168.02013 2,826.2 1,563.5 542.9 556.8 -5.3 168.42014 2,938.6 1,594.1 564.0 587.6 -10.5 203.52015 3,048.9 1,630.9 587.4 605.5 -19.1 244.12016 3,159.8 1,675.6 615.5 634.0 -12.8 247.52017 3,277.3 1,732.2 638.9 665.7 -7.2 247.82018 3,386.0 1,775.9 661.2 703.4 16.3 229.2


2001 3.0 3.4 2.4 -2.9 x x2002 1.4 0.5 2.8 -6.3 x x2003 0.5 1.9 1.2 -2.2 x x2004 2.3 1.7 -0.4 0.4 x x2005 1.3 2.0 1.0 -0.9 x x2006 4.0 2.6 1.7 8.1 x x2007 5.0 1.6 2.2 6.6 x x2008 1.9 2.3 4.1 3.0 x x2009 -4.0 -0.3 5.2 -9.5 x x2010 4.9 2.4 2.5 6.4 x x2011 4.8 3.4 2.5 9.2 x x2012 2.0 2.8 2.8 1.3 x x2013 2.5 1.7 4.5 0.4 x x2014 4.0 2.0 3.9 5.5 x x2015 3.8 2.3 4.2 3.1 x x2016 3.6 2.7 4.8 4.7 x x2017 3.7 3.4 3.8 5.0 x x2018 3.3 2.5 3.5 5.7 x x


1970–1980 8.1 8.8 10.9 6.8 x x1980–1991 5.5 5.0 4.5 5.1 x x1991–2000 3.3 3.5 3.4 2.4 x x2000–2010 2.0 1.8 2.2 0.3 x x2010–2018 3.5 2.6 3.7 4.4 x x

1 until 1990 former FRG territory, from 1991 Germany Source: StBA

97Gross domestic product and its components: price-adjusted*

year1gross domestic

product

expenditure on private

consumption

expenditure on public

consumptionfixed capital

formation

1991 = 100

1970 56.8 55.7 58.3 66.81980 75.6 77.8 89.1 78.41990 95.1 95.8 96.8 95.01991 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2010 = 100

1991 79.0 81.6 73.6 88.22000 91.4 95.4 88.7 101.72002 93.0 96.2 90.3 93.42003 92.3 96.3 90.8 92.22004 93.4 97.0 90.0 92.22005 94.1 97.4 90.5 92.92006 97.5 98.9 91.4 99.92007 100.7 98.9 92.7 103.92008 101.8 99.5 95.8 105.52009 96.1 99.6 98.7 94.92010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02011 103.7 101.4 100.9 107.22012 104.2 102.7 102.0 106.52013 104.7 103.3 103.4 105.12014 107.0 104.4 105.0 109.22015 108.8 106.2 108.1 111.02016 111.3 108.4 112.3 114.92017 113.7 110.3 114.1 118.22018 115.3 111.5 115.3 121.3


2004 1.2 0.8 -0.8 0.02005 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.72006 3.7 1.5 1.0 7.52007 3.3 0.0 1.5 4.12008 1.1 0.6 3.4 1.52009 -5.6 0.2 3.0 -10.12010 4.1 0.4 1.3 5.42011 3.7 1.3 0.9 7.22012 0.5 1.3 1.1 -0.72013 0.5 0.6 1.4 -1.32014 2.2 1.0 1.6 3.92015 1.7 1.7 2.9 1.62016 2.2 2.1 4.0 3.52017 2.2 1.8 1.6 2.92018 1.4 1.1 1.0 2.6


1970–1980 2.9 3.4 4.3 1.61980–1991 2.6 2.3 1.1 2.21991–2000 1.6 1.7 2.1 1.62000–2010 0.9 0.5 1.2 -0.22010–2018 1.8 1.4 1.8 2.4

* at prices of preceding year as a chain index1 until first figure 1991 former FRG territory, from second figure 1991 Germany

Source: StBA

98Private and public investment

year1

gross fixed capital formation

of which: for information:

total

without construc-

tion of dwellings

investment in machin-

ery and equipment2

invest-ment in

construc-tion

investment in research and

developmentpublic

investment

as % of GDP

1970 25.5 18.9 9.9 15.3 ° °1980 22.6 15.9 8.4 13.7 ° °1990 21.3 15.4 9.0 11.4 ° °1991 24.9 18.8 9.8 12.2 2.1 3.11992 25.1 18.5 9.0 13.3 2.0 3.21993 23.9 16.9 7.6 13.6 2.0 3.11994 24.0 16.4 7.1 14.2 1.9 2.91995 23.4 15.8 7.0 13.7 1.9 2.61996 22.8 15.4 7.0 13.1 1.9 2.51997 22.5 15.2 7.1 12.6 1.9 2.31998 22.6 15.5 7.6 12.2 2.0 2.31999 22.9 15.9 7.9 12.0 2.1 2.42000 23.0 16.4 8.4 11.4 2.1 2.32001 21.7 15.6 7.8 10.6 2.2 2.32002 20.0 14.4 7.0 9.8 2.2 2.22003 19.5 14.0 6.8 9.5 2.2 2.12004 19.2 13.9 6.9 9.0 2.2 1.92005 19.1 14.1 7.2 8.7 2.2 1.92006 19.8 14.6 7.6 8.9 2.2 2.02007 20.1 15.0 7.9 9.0 2.2 1.92008 20.3 15.3 7.9 9.0 2.3 2.12009 19.2 14.0 6.4 9.2 2.5 2.42010 19.4 14.3 6.8 9.2 2.4 2.32011 20.3 14.7 7.0 9.8 2.4 2.32012 20.1 14.3 6.7 9.9 2.5 2.22013 19.7 13.9 6.4 9.8 2.5 2.12014 20.0 14.1 6.5 9.9 2.6 2.12015 19.9 14.1 6.6 9.5 2.6 2.12016 20.1 14.1 6.5 9.7 2.7 2.22017 20.3 14.3 6.6 10.0 2.7 2.22018 20.8 14.5 6.7 10.4 2.7 2.3

1 until 1990 former FRG territory, from 1991 Germany2 from 1991 incl. military weapon systems

Source: StBA, own calculations

99Building activity and stock of residential buildings and dwellings

dwellings2

existing number of

dwellings3, 4

existing number of

detached houses3, 4, 5

existing number of residential

buildings3, 4year1building permits

completed construc-

tions

numbers in 1,000

1980 381 389 ° ° 11,2171990 391 256 33,856 10,345 12,4231995 639 603 35,954 12,898 15,7322000 348 423 38,384 13,811 16,8022002 274 290 38,925 14,121 17,1392003 297 268 39,142 14,267 17,2942004 269 278 39,362 14,423 17,4592005 241 242 39,551 14,557 17,6002006 248 249 39,754 14,690 17,7422007 183 211 39,918 14,800 17,8592008 175 176 40,057 14,884 17,9502009 178 159 40,184 14,958 18,0292010 188 160 40,479 15,121 18,2352011 228 183 40,630 15,202 18,3232012 241 200 40,806 15,290 18,4212013 272 215 40,995 15,381 18,5212014 285 245 41,221 15,474 18,6282015 313 248 41,446 15,564 18,7322016 375 278 41,703 15,657 18,8392017 348 285 41,968 15,749 18,9482018 347 286 ° ° °

existing dwellings3

building permits for dwellings

completed dwellings

federal statenumbers in 1,000

share as % numbers numbers

per 1,000 inhabitants

2017 2018

Baden-Wuerttemberg 5,262 12.5 46,156 38,433 3.5Bavaria 6,371 15.2 73,140 60,838 4.7Berlin 1,932 4.6 24,218 16,706 4.6Brandenburg 1,320 3.1 12,736 11,571 4.6Bremen 358 0.9 2,465 2,090 3.1Hamburg 946 2.3 11,087 10,674 5.8Hesse 3,024 7.2 25,712 19,519 3.1Lower Saxony 3,972 9.5 31,992 27,366 3.4Mecklbg.-West. Pomerania 904 2.2 6,384 5,435 3.4North Rhine-Westphalia 8,973 21.4 55,492 48,076 2.7Rhineland-Palatinate 2,087 5.0 16,504 15,408 3.8Saarland 515 1.2 2,371 1,846 1.9Saxony 2,356 5.6 13,897 9,478 2.3Saxony-Anhalt 1,288 3.1 4,574 3,650 1.6Schleswig-Holstein 1,478 3.5 14,846 12,025 4.2Thuringia 1,181 2.8 5,236 4,237 2.0Germany 41,967 100.0 346,810 287,352 3.5

1 until 1990 former FRG territory, from 1995 Germany 2 from 2012 incl. “other residential buildings” 3 as per end of year4 from 2010 results based on the 2011 census – buildings and dwellings5 residential buildings with 1 or 2 dwellings

Source: StBA

100Business start-ups and insolvencies

year

registrations of a trade or business

insolvencies

numbers

change against

previous year as % numbers

change against

previous year as %

of which:

consumers businesses1980 ° ° 9,140 x ° 6,3151990 ° ° 13,271 x ° 8,7301991 ° ° 13,323 0.4 ° 8,8371992 ° ° 15,302 14.9 ° 10,9201993 ° ° 20,298 32.6 ° 15,1481994 ° ° 24,928 22.8 ° 18,8371995 ° ° 28,785 15.5 ° 22,3441996 780,013 ° 31,471 9.3 ° 25,5301997 802,935 2.9 33,398 6.1 ° 27,4741998 811,377 1.1 33,977 1.7 ° 27,8281999 780,935 -3.8 34,038 0.2 3,357 26,4762000 755,172 -3.3 42,259 24.2 10,479 28,2352001 728,978 -3.5 49,326 16.7 13,277 32,2782002 723,333 -0.8 84,428 71.2 21,441 37,5792003 810,706 12.1 100,723 19.3 33,607 39,3202004 960,533 18.5 118,274 17.4 49,123 39,2132005 895,144 -6.8 136,554 15.5 68,898 36,8432006 881,791 -1.5 161,430 18.2 96,586 34,1372007 848,561 -3.8 164,597 2.0 105,238 29,16020081 833,281 -1.8 155,202 -5.7 98,140 29,2912009 864,415 3.7 162,907 5.0 101,102 32,6872010 862,986 -0.2 168,458 3.4 108,798 31,9982011 821,207 -4.8 159,418 -5.4 103,289 30,0992012 757,371 -7.8 150,298 -5.7 97,608 28,2972013 755,048 -0.3 141,332 -6.0 91,200 25,9952014 722,285 -4.3 134,871 -4.6 86,298 24,0852015 706,876 -2.1 127,438 -5.5 80,146 23,1012016 685,373 -3.0 122,514 -3.9 77,238 21,5182017 676,977 -1.2 115,632 -5.6 71,896 20,0932018 668,724 -1.2 109,584 -5.2 67,597 19,302

1 insolvencies: statistical special effect, figures not fully comparable to previous year

Source: StBA

101Healthcare sector

2000 2010 2015 2016 2017

personnel in the healthcare sector (numbers in 1,000)

total 4,028 4,881 5,380 5,486 5,579of which:

in out-patient facilities 1,567 1,986 2,204 2,250 2,287of which:

medical practices 586 651 679 685 693dental offices 284 325 347 350 354pharmacies 186 217 224 225 226out-patient care 185 275 344 364 378

in in-patient / semi-in-patient facilities 1,579 1,764 1,911 1,950 1,988

hospitals 1,021 1,038 1,113 1,134 1,155prevention / rehabilitation facilities 115 118 119 121 121

in-patient / semi-in-patient care 443 608 679 695 712

healthcare institutions

hospitals (numbers) 2,242 2,064 1,956 1,951 1,942beds (numbers) 559,651 502,749 499,351 498,178 497,182rate of capacity utilisation (as %) 81.9 77.4 77.5 77.9 77.8

expenditure on healthcare in EUR bn1

total 214.3 290.5 344.4 358.7 375.6of which:

in out-patient facilities 102.5 144.1 173.0 180.3 185.5in in-patient / semi-in-patient facilities 80.7 107.7 128.1 132.9 138.4

financed by:public finances 13.8 14.4 15.5 17.0 15.8statutory healthcare insurance 123.4 165.1 198.9 207.2 214.2private healthcare insurance 17.5 26.6 30.5 31.0 31.6other social insurance agencies 23.9 30.1 37.6 39.5 47.6employers 8.7 12.1 14.5 15.0 15.6private households2 27.0 42.0 46.5 48.9 50.8

as % of GDP 10.1 11.3 11.3 11.4 11.5in EUR per capita 2,631 3,618 4,216 4,355 4,544for information:income payments3 66.5 70.5 91.3 96.5 100.5

1 without income payments2 incl. non-profit institutions3 sickness benefits a.o.

Source: StBA

102Number of vehicles on the road*

year

total number

of motor vehicles1, 2

of which: for information:passenger and estate

cars1 lorries1

motor vehi-cles with

ins. plate3

registrat. of new motor

vehicles

change of ownership

(of used cars)

numbers in 1,000

1950 1,774 475 335 ° 513 3371960 7,054 3,954 594 2,213 1,212 1,4931970 14,811 12,280 897 1,054 2,347 3,4921980 23,929 20,428 1,114 2,110 2,791 5,5111990 31,547 27,028 1,211 954 3,387 7,0342000 45,328 37,734 2,204 1,595 3,972 8,3632005 48,112 39,968 2,243 1,786 3,832 7,4542007 48,987 41,020 2,271 1,930 3,704 7,1092008 49,330 41,184 2,323 1,984 3,650 6,9602009 49,603 41,321 2,347 2,194 4,241 6,8872010 50,184 41,738 2,385 2,104 3,374 7,3102011 50,902 42,302 2,441 2,043 3,697 7,7232012 51,735 42,928 2,529 2,096 3,582 7,7692013 52,391 43,431 2,579 2,089 3,444 7,9932014 52,967 43,851 2,629 2,044 3,551 8,0152015 53,716 44,403 2,701 2,036 3,743 8,2852016 54,602 45,071 2,801 2,020 3,932 8,3712017 55,568 45,804 2,912 1,986 4,002 8,2792018 56,459 46,475 3,031 ° 4,025 8,1852019 57,305 47,096 3,149 ° ° °


2008 0.7 0.4 2.3 2.8 -1.5 -2.12009 0.6 0.3 1.0 10.6 16.2 -1.02010 1.2 1.0 1.6 -4.1 -20.4 6.12011 1.4 1.4 2.4 -2.9 9.6 5.72012 1.6 1.5 3.6 2.6 -3.1 0.62013 1.3 1.2 2.0 -0.4 -3.8 2.92014 1.1 1.0 2.0 -2.1 3.1 0.32015 1.4 1.3 2.7 -0.4 5.4 3.42016 1.7 1.5 3.7 -0.8 5.1 1.02017 1.8 1.6 4.0 -1.7 1.8 -1.12018 1.6 1.5 4.1 ° 0.6 -1.12019 1.5 1.3 3.9 ° ° °


1950–1960 14.8 23.6 5.9 ° 9.0 16.01960–1970 7.7 12.0 4.2 -7.1 6.8 8.91970–1980 4.9 5.2 2.2 7.2 1.7 4.71980–1990 2.8 2.8 0.8 -7.6 2.0 2.51990–2000 3.7 3.4 6.2 5.3 1.6 1.72000–2010 1.0 1.0 0.8 2.8 -1.6 -1.32010–2018 1.5 1.4 3.0 ° 2.2 1.4

* as registered in the Central Vehicle Register; figures until 2000 as at 1 July, from 2004 as at 1 January; until 1990 former FRG territory, from 2000 Germany

1 without temporary decommissions; time series of absolute values modified for the years before 2008

2 without vehicles with an insurance plate (not liable to registration, figures see “for information”) and vehicle trailers

3 value currently not disclosed

Source: Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, own calculations

103Road accidents*

1970 1980 1990 2000

numbers

accidents registered by the police 1,392,007 1,684,604 2,010,575 2,350,227accidents entailing material damage only 1,014,397 1,305,369 1,670,532 1,967,278

accidents entailing personal injury 377,610 379,235 340,043 382,949inside town 254,198 261,302 218,177 245,470out of town without motorways 107,762 101,701 97,559 111,901on motorways 15,650 16,232 24,307 25,578

total of casualties 550,988 513,504 456,064 511,577deaths 19,193 13,041 7,906 7,503injured persons 531,795 500,463 448,158 504,074

accidents entailing personal damage and involving drivers under the influence of alcohol

50,823 46,302 30,391 25,391

2010 2015 2017 2018

numbers

accidents registered by the police 2,411,271 2,516,831 2,643,098 2,636,468accidents entailing material damage only 2,122,974 2,211,172 2,340,442 2,327,747

accidents entailing personal injury 288,297 305,659 302,656 308,721inside town 195,833 209,821 207,562 213,124out of town without motorways 73,635 75,725 74,166 75,060on motorways 18,829 20,113 20,928 20,537

total of casualties 374,818 396,891 393,492 399,293deaths 3,648 3,459 3,180 3,275injured persons 371,170 393,432 390,312 396,018

accidents entailing personal damage and involving drivers under the influence of alcohol

14,237 12,660 12,873 13,447

* until 1990 former FRG territory, from 2000 Germany

Source: StBA

104Transportation of goods*

year1

road transportation2

railway transpor-

tation5

shipping

air trans-portation

domestic lorries

foreign lorries3, 4

inland waterway

transport.maritime shipping6

in tons m

1950 407.9 ° 201.0 71.9 25.8 °1960 1,184.8 8.9 308.1 167.5 67.2 °1970 2,117.9 28.9 372.3 240.0 131.9 °1980 2,495.5 76.9 346.0 241.0 154.1 °1990 2,742.9 133.8 300.6 231.6 143.8 °1991 2,768.0 150.7 415.5 230.0 149.7 1.51992 2,841.0 158.5 379.9 229.9 178.1 1.41993 2,944.0 163.4 329.2 218.3 180.5 1.51994 3,184.2 175.9 336.8 235.0 193.3 1.71995 3,169.6 181.7 333.1 237.9 201.7 2.01996 3,014.9 181.0 319.5 227.0 202.5 1.91997 2,981.0 221.0 321.5 233.5 209.5 2.21998 2,968.0 236.6 308.7 236.4 214.0 2.11999 3,181.4 254.0 300.7 229.1 217.1 2.22000 3,005.1 250.5 309.4 242.2 238.3 2.42001 2,884.5 245.4 300.9 236.1 242.2 2.32002 2,720.2 255.4 300.2 231.7 242.5 2.42003 2,743.9 306.5 315.9 220.0 251.3 2.52004 2,767.2 324.4 322.0 235.9 268.2 2.82005 2,765.0 319.9 317.3 236.8 281.0 3.02006 2,919.3 358.3 346.1 243.5 299.2 3.32007 3,027.9 384.3 361.1 249.0 310.9 3.52008 3,077.8 392.0 371.3 245.7 316.7 3.62009 2,768.7 363.3 312.1 203.9 259.4 3.42010 2,734.1 407.9 355.7 229.6 272.9 4.22011 2,986.2 396.0 374.7 222.0 292.8 4.42012 2,891.3 411.0 366.1 223.2 295.1 4.32013 2,938.2 440.0 373.7 226.9 294.0 4.32014 3,052.1 454.0 365.0 228.5 300.1 4.42015 3,035.3 461.0 367.3 221.4 291.8 4.42016 3,111.8 468.0 363.5 221.3 291.9 4.52017 3,161.8 537.0 348.0 222.7 294.9 4.82018 3,200.9 ° 356.4 197.9 299.6 4.9

* domestic and cross-border transportation1 until 1990 former FRG territory, from 1991 Germany2 due to modified classification in 1991, 1994 and 2003, figures not fully comparable to

previous years3 from 2011 modified calculation of transit traffic4 for 2015 and 2016 provisional figures5 from 1999 incl. container weight in combined transportation6 from 2000 incl. maritime shipping of domestic ports (2000: 2.9 tons m)

Source: StBA; DIW

105Wages and salaries

year1

compen-sation of

employees

gross wages and

salaries2

net wages and

salaries3labour costs4 earnings5 net wage

in EUR bn monthly per employee in EUR

1960 73.83 63.68 ° 304 262 °1970 185.05 158.41 122.25 690 591 4561980 445.90 366.70 262.68 1,527 1,255 8991990 689.96 562.47 395.31 2,106 1,717 1,2071991 856.75 702.58 490.75 2,023 1,659 1,1591995 1,010.68 818.47 542.65 2,471 2,001 1,3272000 1,117.39 897.94 600.58 2,601 2,090 1,3982005 1,144.02 924.09 627.37 2,739 2,212 1,5022006 1,164.38 938.05 630.71 2,766 2,229 1,4982007 1,197.19 969.31 648.93 2,792 2,261 1,5132008 1,241.65 1,008.09 670.81 2,850 2,314 1,5402009 1,246.67 1,009.55 672.59 2,857 2,314 1,5422010 1,283.81 1,039.04 702.17 2,931 2,372 1,6032011 1,339.73 1,088.65 729.40 3,020 2,454 1,6442012 1,391.20 1,133.02 756.84 3,096 2,521 1,6842013 1,429.92 1,167.39 778.25 3,153 2,574 1,7162014 1,485.44 1,213.02 807.19 3,241 2,647 1,7612015 1,542.90 1,261.37 837.19 3,328 2,721 1,8062016 1,600.98 1,311.86 869.11 3,402 2,788 1,8472017 1,668.81 1,366.62 902.93 3,489 2,857 1,8882018 1,746.04 1,432.50 945.16 3,593 2,948 1,945


2006 1.8 1.5 0.5 1.0 0.8 -0.32007 2.8 3.3 2.9 0.9 1.4 1.02008 3.7 4.0 3.4 2.1 2.3 1.82009 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.12010 3.0 2.9 4.4 2.6 2.5 4.02011 4.4 4.8 3.9 3.0 3.5 2.62012 3.8 4.1 3.8 2.5 2.7 2.42013 2.8 3.0 2.8 1.8 2.1 1.92014 3.9 3.9 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.62015 3.9 4.0 3.7 2.7 2.8 2.62016 3.8 4.0 3.8 2.2 2.5 2.32017 4.2 4.2 3.9 2.6 2.5 2.22018 4.6 4.8 4.7 3.0 3.2 3.0

average annual rates of change

1960–1970 9.6 9.5 ° 8.5 8.5 °1970–1980 9.2 8.8 7.9 8.3 7.8 7.01980–1991 4.8 4.7 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.01991–2000 3.0 2.8 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.12000–2010 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.42010–2018 3.9 4.1 3.8 2.6 2.8 2.4

1 until 1990 former FRG territory, from 1991 Germany2 compensation of employees without social contributions paid by employers3 gross wages and salaries without social contributions and income tax paid by

employees4 compensation of employees for residents5 gross wages and salaries

Source: StBA

106 Disposable income, consumption and savings

year1disposable

income consumption2 savings savings ratio3

in EUR bn as %

1950 33.2 32.2 1.1 3.31960 96.1 87.8 8.2 8.51970 218.8 188.6 30.2 13.81980 512.9 452.1 68.5 13.11990 821.8 717.2 113.7 13.71991 1,004.5 890.7 128.9 12.62000 1,300.1 1,209.4 119.6 9.02004 1,426.5 1,303.1 146.5 10.12005 1,451.7 1,328.6 149.2 10.12006 1,482.4 1,362.8 152.8 10.12007 1,506.8 1,384.9 158.1 10.22008 1,541.2 1,416.7 165.9 10.52009 1,524.9 1,413.0 156.2 10.02010 1,561.7 1,446.3 160.1 10.02011 1,608.3 1,495.5 158.2 9.62012 1,647.7 1,538.0 157.6 9.32013 1,669.7 1,563.5 153.7 8.92014 1,711.3 1,594.1 167.2 9.52015 1,755.2 1,630.9 174.8 9.72016 1,807.7 1,675.6 181.9 9.82017 1,869.9 1,732.2 189.8 9.92018 1,930.0 1,775.9 206.9 10.4


2005 1.8 2.0 1.9 x2006 2.1 2.6 2.4 x2007 1.6 1.6 3.5 x2008 2.3 2.3 4.9 x2009 -1.1 -0.3 -5.9 x2010 2.4 2.4 2.5 x2011 3.0 3.4 -1.2 x2012 2.4 2.8 -0.4 x2013 1.3 1.7 -2.5 x2014 2.5 2.0 8.8 x2015 2.6 2.3 4.5 x2016 3.0 2.7 4.1 x2017 3.4 3.4 4.3 x2018 3.2 2.5 9.0 x


1950–1960 11.2 10.6 22.2 x1960–1970 8.6 7.9 13.9 x1970–1980 8.9 9.1 8.5 x1980–1991 5.0 5.0 5.3 x1991–2000 2.9 3.5 -0.8 x2000–2010 1.8 1.8 3.0 x2010–2018 2.7 2.6 3.3 x

1 until 1990 former FRG territory, from 1991 Germany2 private consumption3 savings as % of disposable income plus pension entitlements

Source: StBA

107Consumer price index for private households

yeartotal

index

food and non-al-coholic

beverages

alcoholic bever-

ages and tobacco

clothing and

footwear

housing, water,

electricity, gas and

other fuels

for informa-tion: price

index for household

goods1

2015 = 100

1991 65.5 71.1 50.6 84.1 55.1 °1995 75.1 74.9 56.2 90.8 69.5 86.92000 79.9 75.6 60.4 92.6 76.9 88.62001 81.5 79.0 61.5 93.3 78.7 88.72002 82.6 79.7 63.9 94.0 79.4 89.42003 83.5 79.5 67.3 93.2 80.6 89.52004 84.9 79.3 72.0 92.6 81.9 90.92005 86.2 79.3 78.0 90.9 84.2 91.42006 87.6 80.9 80.3 90.4 86.7 91.42007 89.6 84.1 83.0 91.5 88.3 92.32008 91.9 89.1 84.6 92.2 91.3 93.12009 92.2 88.0 86.8 93.4 91.7 94.42010 93.2 89.0 88.2 94.1 92.6 94.92011 95.2 91.5 89.8 95.2 95.5 95.52012 97.1 94.7 92.4 97.2 97.6 96.82013 98.5 98.3 94.4 98.2 99.5 97.82014 99.5 99.3 97.3 99.2 100.4 98.92015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 100.5 100.8 102.2 100.8 100.0 100.92017 102.0 103.6 104.7 101.4 101.2 101.92018 103.8 106.0 108.0 101.7 103.0 102.8


2001 2.0 4.5 1.8 0.8 2.4 0.12002 1.3 0.9 4.0 0.7 0.9 0.72003 1.1 -0.2 5.2 -0.8 1.5 0.12004 1.7 -0.3 6.9 -0.7 1.5 1.62005 1.5 0.1 8.5 -1.8 2.8 0.52006 1.6 2.0 2.9 -0.5 3.0 0.02007 2.3 3.9 3.3 1.2 1.9 1.02008 2.6 6.0 1.9 0.7 3.4 0.82009 0.3 -1.3 2.6 1.3 0.4 1.42010 1.1 1.2 1.6 0.7 1.0 0.52011 2.1 2.8 1.8 1.2 3.1 0.72012 2.0 3.4 2.9 2.1 2.2 1.32013 1.4 3.9 2.1 1.1 2.0 1.12014 1.0 1.0 3.1 1.1 0.8 1.12015 0.5 0.7 2.8 0.8 -0.4 1.22016 0.5 0.8 2.2 0.8 0.0 0.92017 1.5 2.8 2.4 0.6 1.2 1.02018 1.8 2.3 3.2 0.3 1.8 0.9


1991–20002 2.2 0.7 2.0 1.1 3.8 0.42000–2010 1.6 1.7 3.9 0.2 1.9 0.72010–2018 1.4 2.2 2.6 1.0 1.3 1.0

1 durable and non-durable consumer goods without food and without goods normally not stored in the apartment

2 rate of change of price index for household goods refers to years 1995-2000


108Development of selected price indexes

year

con-sumer

price index1

index of indus-

trial producer

prices2

export price

index

import price

index

crude oil

price index3

collective wage index

in con-struction industry

con-struc-

tion price

index4

construction

price index5

2015 = 100 1914=100

1950 19.8 ° ° ° ° ° ° 234.41960 23.9 32.0 ° ° ° ° 14.0 367.51970 30.5 36.4 41.2 43.7 10.5 ° 24.4 636.91980 50.0 59.8 67.0 82.7 47.1 ° 47.1 1,226.31990 64.5 73.8 81.7 84.9 35.1 ° 62.7 1,633.42000 79.9 79.5 88.4 91.8 60.7 77.3 77.4 2,017.42007 89.6 93.8 92.9 96.9 98.5 81.2 85.9 2,239.52008 91.9 99.0 94.6 101.4 132.9 82.6 88.4 2,303.42009 92.2 94.8 92.5 92.7 90.0 84.7 89.2 2,323.02010 93.2 96.2 95.3 99.3 122.6 88.9 90.1 2,346.92011 95.2 101.3 98.4 105.7 166.6 90.6 92.5 2,411.42012 97.1 103.0 100.0 107.9 187.4 92.8 94.9 2,473.02013 98.5 102.9 99.4 105.2 174.2 95.3 96.8 2,523.52014 99.5 101.9 99.1 102.9 160.3 97.7 98.5 2,566.92015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,606.02016 100.5 98.4 99.0 96.7 79.2 102.4 102.1 2,659.52017 102.0 101.1 100.7 100.1 103.2 104.9 105.3 2,742.92018 103.8 103.7 101.9 102.7 130.0 108.4 109.9 2,863.4


2008 2.6 5.5 1.8 4.8 34.9 1.8 2.9 2.92009 0.3 -4.2 -2.2 -8.6 -32.3 2.6 0.9 0.92010 1.1 1.5 3.0 7.1 36.2 4.9 1.0 1.02011 2.1 5.3 3.3 6.4 35.9 1.9 2.7 2.72012 2.0 1.7 1.6 2.1 12.5 2.4 2.6 2.62013 1.4 -0.1 -0.6 -2.5 -7.0 2.7 2.0 2.02014 1.0 -1.0 -0.3 -2.2 -8.0 2.5 1.8 1.72015 0.5 -1.9 0.9 -2.8 -37.6 2.4 1.5 1.52016 0.5 -1.6 -1.0 -3.3 -20.8 2.4 2.1 2.12017 1.5 2.7 1.7 3.5 30.3 2.4 3.1 3.12018 1.8 2.6 1.2 2.6 26.0 3.3 4.4 4.4


1950–1960 1.9 2.1 ° -0.4 ° ° ° 4.61960–1970 2.4 1.3 1.3 0.1 ° ° 5.7 5.71970–1980 5.1 5.1 5.0 6.6 16.1 ° 6.8 6.81980–1990 2.6 2.1 2.0 0.3 -2.9 ° 2.9 2.91990–2000 2.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 5.6 ° 2.1 2.12000–2010 1.6 1.9 0.8 0.9 7.4 1.4 1.5 1.52010–2018 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.7 2.5 2.5 2.5

1 1950 and 1960: cost of living index of four-person households of workers and employees with average income, from 1970 until 1990: cost of living index of all private households in former FRG territory, from 2000 consumer price index for Germany

2 index of producer prices for commercial products; until 1990 former FRG territory, from 2000 Germany

3 index of producer prices for commercial products; crude oil of bituminous minerals, raw4 construction price index for new residential property incl. sales tax; until 1990 former

FRG territory, from 2000 Germany5 index of restoration values of residential property erected in 1914


109Expenditure on motor vehicles

year

price index for purchase

and opera-tion of motor

vehicles, total

price index for

motor vehicles

price index for motor

fuels

price index for repairs,

inspec-tions, car

wash

price index for

motor insurance

price index for

motor vehicle

taxes

2015 = 100

1991 59.4 77.0 48.2 52.6 61.1 28.71995 68.9 85.1 55.8 64.7 84.6 47.72000 77.6 87.6 72.4 70.3 86.9 62.82001 79.8 88.5 73.1 71.8 95.1 77.62002 80.9 89.7 74.8 73.6 90.8 77.62003 82.4 90.5 78.3 75.1 89.2 78.02004 84.4 91.6 81.7 76.8 89.7 82.02005 87.2 92.1 88.1 78.0 85.4 97.72006 89.6 93.6 93.0 79.4 87.7 98.82007 93.2 97.3 96.8 82.7 92.5 102.22008 96.1 97.9 103.4 84.8 95.2 102.12009 93.8 98.0 92.0 87.8 97.1 101.72010 97.2 97.8 102.4 88.3 101.0 102.02011 101.6 98.6 113.9 90.1 101.4 100.52012 104.1 98.7 120.3 92.5 96.4 100.12013 103.5 98.5 116.2 95.0 100.0 100.02014 102.7 99.0 111.1 97.4 101.6 100.12015 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.02016 98.9 101.5 92.7 101.9 102.4 99.82017 101.6 103.0 98.3 104.6 102.5 100.12018 104.6 104.8 106.0 107.7 97.4 100.3


2001 2.9 1.0 1.0 2.1 9.4 23.62002 1.3 1.4 2.4 2.5 -4.5 0.02003 1.9 0.9 4.7 2.0 -1.8 0.52004 2.4 1.2 4.3 2.2 0.6 5.22005 3.3 0.5 7.9 1.6 -4.8 19.02006 2.8 1.7 5.6 1.8 2.7 1.12007 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.1 5.5 3.52008 3.1 0.7 6.8 2.6 2.8 -0.12009 -2.4 0.1 -11.0 3.5 2.0 -0.42010 3.6 -0.2 11.2 0.5 4.1 0.32011 4.5 0.8 11.3 2.1 0.4 -1.52012 2.5 0.1 5.6 2.6 -5.0 -0.42013 -0.6 -0.2 -3.4 2.7 3.8 -0.12014 -0.8 0.5 -4.4 2.5 1.6 0.12015 -2.6 1.0 -10.0 2.7 -1.6 -0.12016 -1.1 1.5 -7.3 1.9 2.4 -0.22017 2.7 1.5 6.0 2.6 0.1 0.32018 3.0 1.7 7.8 3.0 -5.0 0.2


1991–2000 3.0 1.4 4.6 3.3 4.0 9.12000–2010 2.3 1.1 3.5 2.3 1.5 5.02010–2018 0.9 0.9 0.4 2.5 -0.5 -0.2


110Assets of private households*

year

tangible assets1

financial assets

loans and other

liabilities net assetstotal

of which residential

buildings

in EUR bn

1999 4,598.6 2,562.3 3,435.3 1,469.1 6,564.82000 4,727.1 2,632.3 3,512.5 1,515.1 6,724.52001 4,828.1 2,684.2 3,611.8 1,536.7 6,903.22002 4,907.2 2,728.0 3,558.7 1,553.2 6,912.72003 4,981.6 2,772.0 3,781.8 1,569.5 7,193.92004 5,097.8 2,844.5 3,946.6 1,574.9 7,469.52005 5,190.3 2,902.8 4,172.0 1,568.8 7,793.52006 5,354.1 3,002.4 4,181.6 1,567.5 7,968.22007 5,617.5 3,215.4 4,405.4 1,546.9 8,476.02008 5,793.8 3,344.4 4,205.6 1,532.6 8,466.82009 5,898.2 3,408.1 4,369.4 1,529.9 8,737.72010 6,040.4 3,482.7 4,546.6 1,534.9 9,052.12011 6,282.0 3,620.5 4,589.6 1,552.5 9,319.12012 6,489.4 3,766.3 4,817.7 1,569.1 9,738.02013 6,745.7 3,913.5 5,015.3 1,580.6 10,180.42014 7,030.8 4,044.1 5,250.2 1,603.4 10,677.62015 7,381.2 4,155.0 5,506.4 1,637.7 11,249.92016 7,708.9 4,289.6 5,753.4 1,686.3 11,776.02017 8,255.8 4,467.1 6,065.4 1,745.0 12,576.2

* incl. non-profit institutions; as per end of year1 tangible assets, land and intellectual property

Source: StBA; Deutsche Bundesbank

111Financial assets of private households by type of investment*

2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2018

in EUR bn

cash 72 106 107 153 194 226with banks 1,120 1,317 1,608 1,942 2,120 2,229

sight deposits 259 448 694 1,082 1,288 1,397time deposits 232 221 244 247 245 252savings deposits and certificates 629 648 669 612 587 580

with insurance companies1 and pension institutions2 1,011 1,297 1,622 2,030 2,201 2,274

of which:with life insurance companies 520 639 765 920 991 1,026with non-life insurance companies3 122 186 243 324 360 377

fixed-interest securities 201 291 219 140 121 116shares 441 320 237 342 424 365other equity 132 193 184 214 216 219investment certificates 371 479 396 485 576 556other claims 46 52 39 37 31 32total financial assets 3,392 4,054 4,412 5,343 5,883 6,016for information:loans4 1,499 1,553 1,520 1,622 1,728 1,792net financial assets5 1,893 2,501 2,892 3,721 4,155 4,224

share as %

cash 2.1 2.6 2.4 2.9 3.3 3.8with banks 33.0 32.5 36.4 36.3 36.0 37.1

sight deposits 7.6 11.1 15.7 20.3 21.9 23.2time deposits 6.8 5.5 5.5 4.6 4.2 4.2savings deposits and certificates 18.5 16.0 15.2 11.5 10.0 9.6

with insurance companies1 and pension institutions2 29.8 32.0 36.8 38.0 37.4 37.8

of which:with life insurance companies 15.3 15.8 17.3 17.2 16.9 17.0with non-life insurance companies3 3.6 4.6 5.5 6.1 6.1 6.3

fixed-interest securities 5.9 7.2 5.0 2.6 2.0 1.9shares 13.0 7.9 5.4 6.4 7.2 6.1other equity 3.9 4.8 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.6investment certificates 10.9 11.8 9.0 9.1 9.8 9.2other claims 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5total financial assets 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* as per end of year1 technical provisions2 Pensionskassen and pension funds as well as pension schemes provided by professional

associations, supplementary pension schemes provided by public agencies and pension provisions

3 incl. funeral expenses funds4 incl. other accounts payable5 financial assets less liabilities

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank, own calculations

112 Acquisition of financial assets by private households by type of investment

2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2018

in EUR bn

cash -3 7 1 26 20 32with banks -30 29 63 71 87 108

sight deposits 5 34 60 101 100 110time deposits 7 0 -15 -9 -4 7savings deposits and certificates -42 -5 19 -21 -9 -9

with insurance companies1 and pension institutions2 72 68 78 83 89 71

of which:with life insurance companies 37 38 38 32 38 33with non-life insurance companies3 7 10 12 20 20 17

fixed-interest securities 3 16 -12 -18 -8 2shares 20 -4 13 14 12 17other equity 4 3 3 2 2 2investment certificates 50 17 7 31 40 21other claims -4 -2 -6 -17 -31 -17total financial assets 111 134 147 192 211 235for information:loans4 43 -8 5 37 56 68net financial assets5 68 142 142 154 155 167

share as %

cash -2.7 5.2 0.4 13.3 9.3 13.7with banks -27.0 21.6 43.1 37.1 41.2 45.8

sight deposits 4.5 25.4 41.0 52.7 47.2 46.6time deposits 6.3 0.0 -10.5 -4.7 -1.9 2.9savings deposits and certificates -37.8 -3.7 12.7 -11.0 -4.4 -3.7

with insurance companies1 and pension institutions2 64.9 50.7 52.9 43.1 42.0 30.3

of which:with life insurance companies 33.3 28.4 25.5 16.5 17.8 13.9with non-life insurance companies3 6.3 7.5 8.0 10.4 9.6 7.2

fixed-interest securities 2.7 11.9 -8.2 -9.6 -3.9 0.8shares 18.0 -3.0 8.8 7.4 5.8 7.0other equity 3.6 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.1 1.0investment certificates 45.0 12.7 4.9 16.2 19.2 8.7other claims -3.6 -1.5 -3.8 -9.0 -14.6 -7.4total financial assets 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1 technical provisions2 Pensionskassen and pension funds as well as pension schemes provided by professional

associations, supplementary pension schemes provided by public agencies and company pension commitments

3 incl. funeral expenses funds4 incl. incurrence of other accounts payable5 acquisition of financial assets less external financing

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank, own calculations

113Acquisition of financial assets by private households in the long term*

1950/59 1960/69 1970/79 1980/89 1991/99 2000/09

share as %

acquisition of financial assets

with banks1 67.0 65.1 61.3 39.9 30.6 41.1cash and sight deposits 14.6 9.6 8.0 6.6 13.1 38.2

time deposits2 1.9 1.0 4.9 8.5 -1.5 5.1savings deposits2 50.5 53.5 40.9 17.0 19.9 -2.8savings certificates ° 1.1 7.5 7.8 -0.9 0.4

with insurance companies3 14.9 16.3 17.1 28.0 36.3 40.5

securities 6.7 13.7 14.6 23.2 11.8 -8.1fixed interest securities4, 5 4.7 9.5 13.8 22.3 5.5 3.8

shares4 2.0 4.1 0.8 0.9 3.2 -14.4other equity ° ° ° ° 3.1 2.5

with mutual funds ° ° ° ° 16.7 19.8company pension commitments 11.4 4.9 7.0 8.9 4.6 6.8

for information: acquisition of financial assets as % of dispos-able income

8.1 11.1 13.5 11.4 12.3 8.8

* until 1959 former FRG territory without the Saarland and West Berlin, from 1960 until 1989 former FRG territory, from 1991 Germany

1 in Germany and abroad2 until 1998 deposits with building societies included in savings deposits and from 1999

in time deposits3 life insurance, Pensionskassen, funeral expenses and pension funds, pension schemes

provided by professional associations and supplementary pension schemes provided by public agencies, healthcare insurance, property & casualty insurance and other claims (incl. accumulated interestbearing profit shares for insurance contracts and other liabilities to policyholders)

4 until 1989 incl. indirect acquisitions of German and foreign mutual fund units5 incl. money market securities


114 Incidence of private and occupational pension schemes*

share of employees with entitlements1

totalRiester

contract2

occupational pension schemes occupa-tional

pension scheme

and Riester contract3total

private sector

public sector

as %2011 71 35 56 39 18 202015 70 34 57 40 18 202017 ° ° 56 39 18 °

2011 2015 2011 2015 2011 2015 2011 2015 2011 2015 2011 2015

by sex

men 71 69 33 30 57 58 46 47 12 13 19 19women 72 71 38 38 55 56 31 32 24 25 21 22

by federal states

West Germanytotal 73 72 35 35 59 59 42 42 17 18 21 22 men ° ° 32 31 61 61 49 50 12 13 ° ° women ° ° 38 39 57 57 33 34 24 25 ° °

East Germanytotal 65 63 36 30 46 47 28 30 18 18 17 15 men ° ° 34 25 42 45 32 33 11 12 ° ° women ° ° 38 35 50 49 24 26 25 24 ° °

by age

25–34 70 65 42 36 50 48 36 34 14 14 22 1935–44 74 73 41 42 57 56 42 41 15 16 24 2445–54 73 74 35 34 59 62 40 43 19 20 21 2255–65 66 69 17 21 59 62 36 41 23 24 10 14

by income4

up to 1,500 58 54 42 38 31 30 17 18 14 13 14 151,500–2,500 64 61 36 33 46 44 29 28 17 17 18 16

2,500–3,500 75 73 32 33 65 61 41 37 23 26 21 21

3,500–4,500 83 82 33 31 74 73 56 52 18 23 24 22

more than 4,500 86 87 36 36 78 81 69 71 9 11 27 30

* only contracts with current premiums1 share of employees with entitlement in relation to all employees subject to social

insurance contribution, age 25 – 652 pension products eligible for subsidy under section 82(1) to (3) EStG3 employees with both occupational pension scheme entitlement and Riester contract4 gross wages per month in EUR

Source: Kantar Public

115Equipment of private households with durable goods

2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018

degree of equipment as %1

motor car 74.4 76.8 77.6 77.4 77.3 78.4 77.4motorcycle 10.1 10.8 10.5 11.3 11.3 11.4 11.0bicycle 77.7 79.8 80.7 80.9 80.7 79.9 78.2

of which: e-bike ° ° ° 4.2 5.1 6.1 7.0fixed telephone 96.4 95.9 91.6 91.5 91.0 90.9 84.9mobile phone (incl. smartphone) 29.8 76.4 88.9 93.5 95.1 95.5 96.7

navigation system ° 4.4 33.2 49.7 50.8 50.6 45.8personal computer (PC) 47.3 68.6 80.8 88.3 88.6 90.0 90.4

of which: tablet ° ° ° 31.8 37.6 42.6 47.5internet connection 16.4 54.6 72.9 88.2 89.3 91.1 92.7TV 95.9 ° 96.2 97.9 97.9 97.8 94.3DVD and Blu-ray devices ° 50.1 70.8 67.0 65.3 64.5 60.7MP3-Player ° 14.7 41.2 41.4 40.3 37.7 33.8cable TV 54.0 52.1 48.0 46.5 46.2 45.5 47.6satellite TV 31.5 39.0 41.0 45.9 47.3 47.0 45.2refrigerator 99.2 99.1 97.8 99.9 100.0 99.9 99.7freezer 71.3 72.5 54.0 50.8 50.3 51.6 48.2dish washer 48.3 59.1 65.7 69.5 69.8 71.5 71.9microwave oven 56.1 67.0 72.9 73.3 73.3 73.9 71.3washing machine 94.1 ° ° 93.9 96.2 96.4 95.0

stock of equipment2

motor car 95.3 101.5 101.6 104.6 104.9 108.2 108.1motorcycle 11.7 12.7 12.9 14.5 14.4 14.6 14.3bicycle 176.9 178.1 182.3 186.0 184.4 185.8 177.9

of which: e-bike ° ° ° 5.4 6.8 8.3 9.3fixed telephone 102.8 114.7 112.3 123.6 122.7 122.8 107.1mobile phone (incl. smartphone) 35.5 126.5 160.9 173.9 176.5 179.1 183.2

navigation system ° 4.6 36.5 57.1 59.4 59.3 53.9personal computer (PC) 60.8 98.5 138.5 196.3 204.4 214.9 223.5

of which: tablet ° ° ° 39.1 48.0 55.8 62.0TV 143.2 ° 157.5 168.4 169.8 171.2 156.1DVD and Blu-ray devices ° 63.2 94.5 91.0 88.4 87.8 79.9MP3-Player ° 18.5 65.5 62.0 59.7 55.4 49.2refrigerator ° 115.3 119.9 123.3 124.7 125.0 123.0freezer 81.0 83.6 60.6 56.9 56.7 58.1 53.9dish washer 48.8 59.8 66.7 70.9 71.2 73.0 73.5microwave oven 57.0 68.7 75.4 75.8 75.8 76.5 73.4washing machine 95.7 ° ° 96.7 99.1 99.5 97.9

1 number of households equipped with respective consumer goods in relation to the total number of households

2 number of respective durable consumer goods available per 100 households

Source: StBA

116Interest rates, bond yields and share prices

year

interest rates1,2 current yield of German government bonds1

DAX 306call

money3time

deposits4 savings5

remaining time to maturity: 3 to 4 years

remaining time to maturity:

9 to 10 years

as % index value

1975 ° 7.3 4.4 8.0 8.6 5631980 ° 7.8 4.6 8.5 8.5 4811985 ° 6.3 2.9 6.5 7.0 1,3661990 ° 7.8 2.8 8.8 8.7 1,3981991 ° 8.0 2.8 8.8 8.5 1,5781992 ° 7.7 2.8 8.2 7.9 1,5451993 ° 5.9 2.5 6.0 6.5 2,2671994 ° 5.6 2.1 6.2 6.9 2,1071995 ° 5.7 2.0 5.7 6.9 2,2541996 ° 4.6 2.0 4.7 6.2 2,8891997 2.0 4.3 1.7 4.4 5.7 4,2501998 2.0 4.0 1.6 4.1 4.6 5,0021999 1.8 3.5 1.3 3.8 4.5 6,9582000 2.1 4.8 1.3 5.1 5.3 6,4342001 2.3 4.1 1.2 4.3 4.9 5,1602002 1.8 3.8 1.0 4.1 4.8 2,8932003 1.1 2.9 2.2 3.0 4.1 3,9652004 1.1 2.9 2.1 3.0 4.0 4,2562005 1.2 2.5 2.0 2.7 3.4 5,4082006 1.4 2.6 2.1 3.5 3.8 6,5972007 1.7 3.1 2.3 4.2 4.3 8,0672008 1.9 3.3 2.5 3.8 4.1 4,8102009 1.1 3.0 1.8 2.2 3.3 5,9572010 0.7 2.5 1.4 1.5 2.8 6,9142011 0.8 2.7 1.5 1.7 2.7 5,8982012 0.7 2.2 1.3 0.4 1.6 7,6122013 0.4 1.5 1.0 0.4 1.6 9,5522014 0.3 1.3 0.8 0.2 1.2 9,8062015 0.2 1.0 0.5 -0.1 0.6 10,7432016 0.1 0.9 0.3 -0.5 0.2 11,4812017 0.0 0.7 0.2 -0.5 0.4 12,9182018 0.0 0.7 0.2 -0.3 0.4 10,559

1 annual averages2 data until 2010 not fully comparable with data from 2011 onwards3 until 2002 interest rate for sight deposits of retail banking customers with higher

interest yield, from 2003 effective interest rate in new business for daily callable deposits of private households

4 until 2002 interest rate for savings bonds with ongoing interest payments and maturity of 4 years, from 2003 effective interest rate in new business for deposits of private households with agreed maturity of more than 2 years

5 until 2002 interest rate for savings with minimum interest payment and 3 months’ notice, from 2003 effective interest rate in new business for deposits of private households with agreed 3 months’ notice

6 as per end of year


117Social welfare budget by function, type and source of finance*

19701 19801 1991 2000 2010 2015 20162

total in EUR bn 84.2 222.9 395.6 608.5 771.4 889.9 929.0ratio of social expenditure as %3 23.3 28.3 25.0 28.8 29.9 29.2 29.5

social expenditure by function as %

healthcare ° ° 32.6 29.8 32.7 35.0 34.9disability ° ° 7.5 8.0 7.6 8.0 8.0old age ° ° 30.1 32.8 33.0 32.5 32.2surviving dependants ° ° 10.7 8.9 7.2 6.5 6.4children ° ° 7.8 10.2 10.3 10.7 10.8spouses ° ° 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3maternity ° ° 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3unemployment ° ° 8.5 7.5 5.7 3.7 3.5housing ° ° 1.0 1.1 2.3 2.0 1.9other contingencies ° ° 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5

social expenditure by type of financing as %

social security contributions 57.3 61.1 70.3 65.9 62.7 65.1 64.8governmental allowance 40.9 37.5 26.5 31.7 35.5 33.2 33.5other income 1.9 1.4 3.3 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.6

social expenditure by source of financing as %

companies 32.7 33.2 36.0 31.6 26.5 27.7 27.3private households 20.9 22.4 28.5 28.3 29.9 31.2 31.2state4 45.5 43.3 34.3 38.9 42.3 40.0 40.2private organisations 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2abroad 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

* until 1980 former FRG territory, from 1991 Germany; without tax benefits; from 2010 incl. private healthcare insurance

1 incl. tax benefits2 provisional figures3 social expenditure as % of GDP4 incl. social security institutions

Source: BMAS

118Statutory pension insurance

19901 2000 2010 2015 2017 2018

numbers in 1,000

actively insured persons2 24,128 33,830 35,370 37,027 38,173 °pensions3 15,013 23,144 25,013 25,520 25,662 °

old age pensions 8,523 15,338 17,619 18,027 18,180 °disability pensions 1,846 1,894 1,589 1,788 1,825 °survivors' pensions 4,644 5,912 5,805 5,704 5,657 °

in EUR

annual pay-related contribution assessment ceiling4

West Germany 38,652 52,764 66,000 72,600 76,200 78,000East Germany x 43,562 55,800 62,400 68,400 69,600

contribution rate as % 18.7 19.3 19.9 18.7 18.7 18.6monthly average pension paid5 602 698 740 822 876 °monthly standard pension6 911 1,118 1,224 1,314 1,396 1,441pension level as %7 50.2 48.3 47.2 44.1 44.8 °

in EUR bn

total income 108.6 206.3 244.7 270.4 293.8 306.6of which:

contributions 89.4 162.2 184.4 206.6 224.6 235.9state subsidies general pension insurance 15.2 42.3 59.0 62.4 67.8 69.5

total expenditure8 103.7 205.7 242.6 272.0 293.2 302.2of which:

pensions paid 89.9 177.8 211.0 236.2 254.9 262.9

1 former FRG territory2 insured persons paying contributions as per end of the respective year without receiving

pension payments3 as per end of year4 general pension insurance, gross annual income5 old age pensions in general pension insurance6 monthly pension of a standard pensioner (an insured person who during 45 insurance

years always drew an income equal to the average remuneration of all insureds), gross; former FRG territory; as at 1 July of the respective year

7 annual pension of a standard pensioner (an insured person who during 45 insurance years always drew an income equal to the average remuneration of all insureds) as % of the annual earnings of an average wage earner, gross; former FRG territory

8 without transfer payments between statutory pension insurance institutions

Source: DRV

119Statutory healthcare insurance

19901 2000 2010 2015 2017 2018

numbers in m2

members 37.9 51.0 51.2 53.6 55.9 56.6compulsory members without pensioners 20.6 29.2 29.9 31.1 33.1 33.7

pensioners ° 15.3 16.9 16.7 16.8 16.8voluntary members ° 6.5 4.5 5.7 6.0 6.1

insured persons ° 71.3 69.8 70.7 72.3 72.8

in EUR

annual pay-related contribution assessment ceiling3 28,990 39,574 45,000 49,500 52,200 53,100

social security ceiling3, 4 28,990 39,574 49,950 54,900 57,600 59,400contribution rate as %5 12.6 13.6 14.0 14.6 14.6 14.6additional contribution rate as %6 ° ° 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0

annual benefit payments per person insured ° 1,767 2,363 2,857 3,016 3,111

in EUR bn


contributions7 ° 130.1 160.8 195.8 216.2 224.9total expenditure 72.5 133.7 176.0 213.7 230.4 239.4of which:

benefit payments ° 126.0 165.0 202.0 217.8 226.4sickness rate of members as %8 5.2 4.2 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.3

1 former FRG territory2 as at 1 July, 1990 and 2000 annual average3 gross annual income4 from 2010 different from contribution assessment ceiling5 until 2010 average contribution rate, from 2015 general contribution rate6 2010 additional contribution rate of 0,9 % for members without consideration of

additional contributions charged by individual statutory healthcare insurers, from 2015 onwards additional contribution rates for members specific to individual statutory healthcare insurers (indication of the average)

7 since 2010 contributions to the healthcare fund incl. claims of and contributions to statutory healthcare insurers

8 number of members unable to work due to sickness as % of number of members entitled to sickness benefits (annual average), 1990 and 2000 number of compulsory members unable to work due to sickness as % of total number of compulsory members

Source: BMG

120Social long-term care insurance

1995 2000 2010 2016 2017 2018

numbers in 1,000

members1 50,915 50,948 51,253 55,160 55,958 56,513insured persons1 71,901 71,319 69,785 71,450 72,267 72,808number of benefit recipients2 1,061 1,822 2,288 2,749 3,302 3,685

out-patient 1,061 1,261 1,578 1,974 2,522 2,905in-patient – 561 710 775 780 780

in EUR

annual pay-related contribution assessment ceiling3 35,893 39,574 45,000 50,850 52,200 53,100

contribution rate as %4 1.0 1.7 1.95 2.35 2.55 2.55

in EUR bn


contributions 8.31 16.31 21.64 31.96 36.04 37.65total expenditure 4.97 16.67 21.45 31.00 38.52 41.27of which:

benefit payments 4.42 15.86 20.43 28.29 35.54 38.25transfers to long-term care provident fund – – – 1.29 1.36 1.41

financial assets of long-term care provident fund – – – 2.44 3.83 5.17

1 as at 1 July2 as per end of year3 until 2000 former FRG territory, from 2010 Germany; gross annual income4 from 1 January 2005 childless members have to pay an additional contribution rate of

0.25 %

Source: BMG

121Statutory accident insurance*

1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017

numbers in 1,000

insured persons 41,134 57,960 61,880 65,899 65,878 66,804number of pensions 921 1,143 965 884 869 852reported accidents 1,860 1,749 1,272 1,126 1,148 1,148for information:

insured persons in student accident insurance ° 17,363 17,123 17,171 17,327 17,507

in EUR bn



pensions 3.81 5.67 5.65 5.65 5.77 5.85curative treatment 1.18 2.48 3.02 3.52 3.66 3.79accident prevention 0.36 0.76 0.97 1.18 1.23 1.26

* without student accident insurance; 1990 former FRG territory

Source: BMAS

122Statutory unemployment insurance

1991 2000 2010 2015 2017 2018

numbers in 1,000

employees subject to social insurance contributions1 ° 27,842 27,967 30,771 32,165 32,870

recipients of unemployment benefits2 1,328 1,695 1,024 834 745 715

in EUR

annual pay-related contribu-tion assessment ceiling3

West Germany 39,881 52,764 66,000 72,600 76,200 78,000East Germany 20,8614 43,562 55,800 62,400 68,400 69,600

contribution rate as % 6.8 6.5 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0

in EUR bn



unemployment benefits5 12.14 23.61 16.60 14.85 14.06 13.76expenses for active promo-tion of employment 11.83 21.24 14.98 7.89 8.00 7.87

1 as at 30 June2 annual averages; from 2005 unemployment benefits type 1 (ALG I)3 annual gross income4 from 1 July 5 paid to unemployed persons, incl. refunds to insured foreigners; from 2010 unemploy-

ment benefits type 1 (ALG I)

Source: BA

123Tax-financed basic social security systems

benefit recipients1

type of benefit 2006 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017

numbers in 1,000

standard benefits according to SGB II ("Hartz IV") 7,114 6,150 5,859 5,837 5,973 5,933

unemployment benefits type 2 (ALG II) 5,268 4,641 4,282 4,244 4,323 4,247

social allowance 1,846 1,509 1,577 1,594 1,650 1,686benefits according to SGB XII 763 895 1,135 1,175 1,159 1,186

cost-of-living assistance outside facilities 82 98 133 137 133 127

basic old-age and disability pensions 682 797 1,003 1,038 1,026 1,059

standard benefits according to Asylum Seeker Benefits Act 194 130 363 975 728 469

welfare benefits for war victims2, 3 60 42 29 29 22 22

total 8,131 7,218 7,386 8,016 7,883 7,610

expendituretype of benefit 2006 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017

in EUR bn

benefits according to SGB II ("Hartz IV")4 40.5 35.9 33.7 34.5 34.8 36.4

benefits according to SGB XII 3.7 4.8 6.6 7.2 7.3 7.2cost-of-living assistance outside facilities 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

basic old-age and disability pensions5 3.2 4.2 5.9 6.4 6.5 6.3

standard benefits according to Asylum Seeker Benefits Act 0.9 0.6 1.8 4.2 7.6 4.6

welfare benefits for war victims2 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

total 45.6 41.8 42.5 46.3 50.1 49.4

1 as per end of year2 statistics of welfare benefits for war victims only biennial, data relate to 2006, 2010,

2014 and 20163 regular benefits4 data until 2010: StBA, data from 2014: BA5 data until 2016: BA, data from 2017: BMAS

Source: StBA; BA, BMAS, own calculations

124 The world’s largest insurance markets: primary insurance (total)

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 20181

change against

previous year

premium income in US dollars bn2 as %

USA 67.9 189.8 482.1 859.5 1,162.2 1,399.2 1,469.4 5.0China ° ° 2.8 19.3 214.6 541.5 574.9 6.2Japan 7.9 59.2 278.3 503.7 571.4 424.5 440.7 3.8United Kingdom 5.1 31.0 101.7 246.9 300.2 320.0 336.5 5.2

France 4.5 22.6 74.3 120.9 283.2 244.4 258.0 5.6Germany 7.6 40.3 92.5 123.7 235.0 227.2 241.5 6.3South Korea ° 1.5 27.4 58.4 115.1 181.2 179.0 -1.2Italy 1.9 7.3 30.2 63.1 174.3 159.3 170.3 6.9Canada 4.0 12.5 31.8 46.0 113.7 121.2 127.9 5.5Taiwan ° 0.6 6.8 22.9 76.4 117.5 121.9 3.8India 0.6 1.8 4.6 10.0 74.4 95.0 99.8 5.1Netherlands 1.6 8.6 24.1 36.8 102.3 79.9 84.4 5.6Australia 1.8 7.0 22.2 35.9 72.7 80.7 79.1 -2.0Spain 0.7 3.4 16.8 34.7 73.1 70.5 74.1 5.1Ireland 0.2 1.0 4.3 16.6 48.0 64.8 73.2 12.9Brazil 0.3 1.8 2.6 12.6 64.3 83.4 72.8 -12.6Hong Kong ° ° ° 7.8 25.5 61.2 65.9 7.7Switzerland 1.0 6.1 19.6 29.9 52.8 58.2 59.4 2.1South Africa 0.9 3.6 10.9 23.0 48.6 45.8 48.3 5.5Belgium 0.9 4.4 8.7 19.9 39.5 33.7 37.3 10.5world total 115.0 435.0 1,355.7 2,444.9 4,335.7 4,957.5 5,193.2 4.8

share in world premium income as %3

USA 59.0 43.6 35.6 35.2 26.8 28.2 28.3 xChina ° ° 0.2 0.8 4.9 10.9 11.1 xJapan 6.9 13.6 20.5 20.6 13.2 8.6 8.5 xUnited Kingdom 4.4 7.1 7.5 10.1 6.9 6.5 6.5 x

France 3.9 5.2 5.5 4.9 6.5 4.9 5.0 xGermany 6.6 9.3 6.8 5.1 5.4 4.6 4.7 xSouth Korea ° 0.3 2.0 2.4 2.7 3.7 3.4 xItaly 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.6 4.0 3.2 3.3 xCanada 3.5 2.9 2.3 1.9 2.6 2.4 2.5 xTaiwan ° 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.8 2.4 2.3 xIndia 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.7 1.9 1.9 xNetherlands 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.5 2.4 1.6 1.6 xAustralia 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 xSpain 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.4 xIreland 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.4 xBrazil 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 xHong Kong ° ° ° 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.3 xSwitzerland 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 xSouth Africa 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 xBelgium 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 x

1 provisional figures2 gross premiums3 in terms of gross premiums

Source: Swiss Re

125The world’s largest insurance markets: life insurance

1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 20181

change against

previous year


USA 64.9 205.8 436.4 506.7 565.8 593.4 4.9Japan 40.5 203.3 401.0 454.1 318.9 334.2 4.8China ° 0.6 10.5 143.0 317.6 313.4 -1.3United Kingdom 16.0 65.6 186.6 200.6 225.4 235.5 4.5France 6.1 39.1 83.1 193.1 157.2 165.1 5.0Italy 1.0 7.7 36.7 122.1 117.4 125.3 6.8Taiwan 0.3 4.8 15.8 63.9 98.6 102.0 3.5South Korea 0.9 22.4 44.2 72.2 102.6 98.1 -4.4Germany 16.7 35.6 56.3 114.2 92.3 96.4 4.5India 1.2 3.1 7.6 64.0 71.2 73.7 3.6Ireland 0.5 2.6 12.2 39.3 56.2 63.4 12.9Hong Kong ° ° 6.0 22.4 56.6 61.0 7.8Canada 5.1 16.0 23.3 50.3 52.1 54.1 3.9Brazil 0.3 0.3 2.1 33.2 46.9 39.3 -16.3South Africa 2.5 8.7 19.4 38.7 36.4 38.5 5.6Spain 0.4 4.7 21.9 34.2 33.2 34.1 2.7Switzerland 3.0 11.0 18.6 28.9 30.1 30.4 1.3Australia 2.4 11.5 22.9 38.0 32.2 30.1 -6.5Luxembourg 0.0 0.1 5.6 29.5 26.2 28.1 7.0Sweden 2.1 5.9 13.5 29.4 26.8 27.0 0.6world total 176.5 707.3 1,518.4 2,516.4 2,724.0 2,820.2 3.5

share in world premium income as % 3

USA 36.7 29.1 28.7 20.1 20.8 21.0 xJapan 23.0 28.7 26.4 18.0 11.7 11.9 xChina ° 0.1 0.7 5.7 11.7 11.1 xUnited Kingdom 9.1 9.3 12.3 8.0 8.3 8.4 xFrance 3.4 5.5 5.5 7.7 5.8 5.9 xItaly 0.5 1.1 2.4 4.9 4.3 4.4 xTaiwan 0.2 0.7 1.0 2.5 3.6 3.6 xSouth Korea 0.5 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.8 3.5 xGermany 9.4 5.0 3.7 4.5 3.4 3.4 xIndia 0.7 0.4 0.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 xIreland 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.6 2.1 2.2 xHong Kong ° ° 0.4 0.9 2.1 2.2 xCanada 2.9 2.3 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.9 xBrazil 0.2 0.0 0.1 1.3 1.7 1.4 xSouth Africa 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 xSpain 0.2 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 xSwitzerland 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 xAustralia 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.1 xLuxembourg 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 xSweden 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 x


Source: Swiss Re

126 The world’s largest insurance markets: non-life insurance

1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 20181

change against

previous year


USA 124.9 276.4 423.1 655.5 833.4 876.0 5.1China ° 2.2 8.9 71.6 223.9 261.5 16.8Germany 23.6 56.9 67.5 120.8 134.9 145.0 7.5Japan 18.7 75.0 102.7 117.2 105.5 106.4 0.8United Kingdom 15.1 36.1 60.3 99.7 94.6 101.0 6.7France 16.5 35.2 37.8 90.1 87.1 92.9 6.6South Korea 0.6 5.0 14.1 42.9 78.6 81.0 3.0Canada 7.4 15.8 22.8 63.4 69.1 73.8 6.8Netherlands 5.1 11.6 15.2 73.7 64.4 68.6 6.5Australia 4.7 10.7 12.9 34.7 48.5 49.0 1.1Italy 6.3 22.6 26.4 52.3 41.9 44.9 7.3Spain 3.0 12.1 12.8 38.9 37.3 39.9 7.2Brazil 1.5 2.2 10.4 31.0 36.5 33.6 -7.9Switzerland 3.1 8.7 11.3 23.9 28.1 28.9 2.9India ° 1.5 2.4 10.4 23.8 26.1 9.6Taiwan 0.3 2.1 7.1 12.5 18.9 19.9 5.1Belgium 3.2 6.2 8.0 14.0 17.1 18.5 8.1Russia ° ° 3.2 40.7 16.2 16.4 1.0Mexico 1.1 1.7 5.0 10.3 14.3 15.2 6.3Austria 2.1 5.7 5.8 12.2 12.8 13.8 8.1world total 285.5 646.5 926.5 1,819.3 2,233.5 2,373.1 6.2

share in world premium income as %3

USA 43.8 42.7 45.7 36.0 37.3 36.9 xChina ° 0.3 1.0 3.9 10.0 11.0 xGermany 8.3 8.8 7.3 6.6 6.0 6.1 xJapan 6.5 11.6 11.1 6.4 4.7 4.5 xUnited Kingdom 5.3 5.6 6.5 5.5 4.2 4.3 xFrance 5.8 5.5 4.1 5.0 3.9 3.9 xSouth Korea 0.2 0.8 1.5 2.4 3.5 3.4 xCanada 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.5 3.1 3.1 xNetherlands 1.8 1.8 1.6 4.1 2.9 2.9 xAustralia 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.1 xItaly 2.2 3.5 2.8 2.9 1.9 1.9 xSpain 1.0 1.9 1.4 2.1 1.7 1.7 xBrazil 0.5 0.3 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.4 xSwitzerland 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 xIndia ° 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.1 1.1 xTaiwan 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 xBelgium 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 xRussia ° ° 0.3 2.2 0.7 0.7 xMexico 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 xAustria 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 x


Source: Swiss Re

127Insurance density and penetration of important countries: primary insurance (total)

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2017 20181

insurance density in US dollars2

USA 331 834 1,929 3,152 3,759 4,096 4,216 4,481China 92 ° 3 15 158 281 384 406Japan 76 507 2,252 3,973 4,390 3,554 3,312 3,466United Kingdom 92 555 1,775 3,759 4,497 4,359 3,810 4,503

France 89 419 1,317 2,051 4,187 3,392 3,446 3,667Germany 123 654 1,463 1,491 2,904 2,563 2,687 2,908South Korea ° 39 640 1,234 2,339 3,034 3,522 3,465Italy 35 127 524 1,084 2,766 2,581 2,660 2,852Canada 185 520 1,197 1,517 3,409 3,209 3,260 3,457Taiwan ° 44 338 1,030 3,296 4,094 4,997 5,161India 1 3 6 10 64 55 73 74Netherlands 120 603 1,613 2,290 5,845 4,763 4,631 4,890Australia 141 482 1,297 1,859 3,369 2,958 3,247 3,160Spain 22 90 431 954 1,650 1,322 1,519 1,588Ireland 59 290 1,232 2,552 4,297 3,927 4,687 5,253Brazil 4 14 17 76 328 332 398 345Hong Kong ° ° ° 1,162 3,636 6,271 8,313 8,863Switzerland 161 961 2,927 4,154 6,634 7,370 6,811 6,934South Africa 42 121 307 472 1,055 843 842 840Belgium 91 446 868 1,855 3,783 2,587 2,655 2,817world average ° ° ° 385 627 621 650 682

insurance penetration as %3

USA 6.8 7.2 8.9 8.8 8.0 7.3 7.1 7.1China ° ° 0.9 1.8 3.8 3.6 4.6 4.2Japan 3.9 5.1 8.8 10.9 10.1 10.8 8.6 8.9United Kingdom 4.6 5.8 9.7 15.8 12.4 10.0 9.6 10.6

France 3.3 3.7 5.9 9.4 10.6 9.3 9.0 8.9Germany 4.1 5.5 5.8 6.5 7.2 6.2 6.0 6.0South Korea 1.1 2.9 11.6 13.1 11.4 11.4 11.6 11.2Italy 2.0 2.0 2.6 5.7 8.1 8.7 8.3 8.3Canada 4.7 5.1 5.5 6.6 7.3 7.4 7.2 7.5Taiwan ° ° 4.4 7.4 18.4 19.0 21.3 20.9India 1.0 1.1 1.7 2.3 5.1 3.4 3.7 3.7Netherlands 4.9 5.5 8.1 9.9 12.4 10.7 9.6 9.2Australia 5.2 5.0 7.6 9.4 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6Spain 1.5 1.8 3.3 6.7 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.2Ireland 4.0 6.1 9.5 10.1 9.2 7.9 6.8 6.8Brazil ° ° 1.4 2.1 3.1 3.9 4.1 3.9Hong Kong ° ° ° 4.9 11.4 14.8 17.9 18.2Switzerland 4.6 6.1 8.0 12.4 9.9 9.2 8.5 8.4South Africa 5.2 4.5 10.6 16.9 14.8 14.7 13.8 12.9Belgium 3.4 4.0 4.1 8.4 8.8 6.4 6.1 6.1world average ° ° ° 7.8 6.9 6.2 6.1 6.1

1 provisional figures2 gross premiums in relation to inhabitants3 gross premiums in relation to GDP, until 1980 gross premiums in relation to GNP

Source: Swiss Re

128 Insurance density and penetration of important countries: life insurance

1990 2000 2010 2017 20181


USA 840 1,547 1,638 1,674 1,810China 1 8 107 225 221Japan 2,167 3,274 3,567 2,411 2,629United Kingdom 1,065 3,463 3,192 2,873 3,532France 692 1,437 2,938 2,222 2,370Germany 563 683 1,402 1,169 1,161South Korea 523 936 1,454 1,999 1,898Italy 133 638 1,979 1,977 2,110Canada 602 757 1,522 1,407 1,462Taiwan 236 710 2,757 4,195 4,320India 4 8 56 55 54Netherlands 835 1,357 1,512 915 913Australia 673 1,194 1,766 1,304 1,203Spain 120 556 752 715 732Ireland 733 1,888 3,214 3,880 4,356Brazil 2 13 170 224 186Hong Kong ° 893 3,197 6,756 8,204Switzerland 1,635 2,583 3,667 3,522 3,555South Africa 247 393 855 674 669Belgium 251 1,254 2,626 1,546 1,623world average ° 240 364 353 370


USA 3.5 4.2 3.4 2.8 2.9China 0.2 1.1 2.5 2.7 2.3Japan 8.1 8.6 7.8 6.3 6.7United Kingdom 5.2 12.4 8.3 7.2 8.3France 3.1 6.6 7.4 5.8 5.8Germany 2.2 3.0 3.5 2.6 2.4South Korea 9.5 9.9 7.0 6.6 6.1Italy 0.7 3.4 5.8 6.2 6.2Canada 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2Taiwan 3.1 5.1 15.4 17.9 17.5India 1.1 1.8 4.4 2.8 2.7Netherlands 4.2 5.9 3.2 1.9 1.7Australia 3.9 6.0 3.1 2.3 2.1Spain 0.9 3.9 2.5 2.5 2.4Ireland 5.6 7.5 6.9 5.6 5.7Brazil 0.2 0.4 1.6 2.3 2.1Hong Kong ° 3.7 10.1 14.6 16.8Switzerland 4.5 7.7 5.5 4.4 4.3South Africa 8.5 14.0 12.0 11.0 10.3Belgium 1.2 5.7 6.1 3.6 3.5world average ° 4.9 4.0 3.3 3.3

1 provisional figures2 gross premiums in relation to inhabitants3 gross premiums in relation to GDP

Source: Swiss Re

129Insurance density and penetration of

important countries: non-life insurance

1990 2000 2010 2017 20181


USA 1,209 1,529 2,119 2,542 2,672China 2 8 53 159 185Japan 657 815 917 901 837United Kingdom 572 782 1,065 938 971France 624 614 1,249 1,224 1,296Germany 900 809 1,502 1,519 1,747South Korea 117 299 885 1,523 1,567Italy 391 447 787 683 742Canada 595 760 1,887 1,853 1,996Taiwan 102 320 539 803 841India 2 2 9 18 19Netherlands 778 933 4,334 3,716 3,977Australia 624 666 1,603 1,942 1,957Spain 311 399 898 804 857Ireland 499 664 1,083 807 897Brazil 15 63 158 174 159Hong Kong ° 269 438 1,557 659Switzerland 1,291 1,571 2,967 3,289 3,379South Africa 61 79 200 167 170Belgium 617 600 1,157 1,110 1,193world average ° 146 263 297 312


USA 5.0 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.3China 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.9 1.9Japan 2.5 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.1United Kingdom 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.3France 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.1Germany 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.6South Korea 2.1 3.2 4.2 5.0 5.1Italy 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2Canada 2.7 3.3 4.1 4.1 4.3Taiwan 1.3 2.3 3.0 3.4 3.4India 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0Netherlands 3.9 4.0 9.2 7.7 7.5Australia 3.6 3.4 2.8 3.5 3.5Spain 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8Ireland 3.8 2.6 2.3 1.2 1.2Brazil 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.8Hong Kong ° 1.1 1.4 3.4 1.4Switzerland 3.5 4.7 3.1 4.1 4.1South Africa 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6Belgium 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6world average ° 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8

1 provisional figures2 gross premiums in relation to inhabitants3 gross premiums in relation to GDP

Source: Swiss Re

130 Premium income* of the largest reinsurance locations

2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017

change against

previous year

in US dollars bn as %

USA 38.98 28.61 53.44 44.23 48.34 47.60 -1.5Germany 38.44 45.32 44.17 42.82 39.58 47.05 18.9Switzerland 15.52 14.59 14.65 17.47 21.91 22.10 0.8Bermuda 17.15 12.25 12.40 16.24 14.71 15.42 4.8United Kingdom 10.09 11.50 12.62 13.80 12.64 14.75 16.7Ireland 2.75 5.46 8.89 9.80 10.48 11.20 7.0Japan 10.01 10.22 9.88 10.70 10.61 10.66 0.5China ° ° 4.65 3.92 7.51 9.97 32.7France 4.73 5.77 7.58 5.41 6.63 7.86 18.6Luxembourg ° 5.20 6.08 5.66 5.70 7.39 29.5India 1.12 2.32 2.22 2.47 4.67 5.80 24.0South Korea 1.95 2.80 3.34 3.71 3.87 4.69 21.0Spain 1.30 2.53 3.01 3.04 3.26 3.84 17.8Hong Kong 0.13 0.37 1.07 1.49 1.97 2.47 24.8Brazil 0.65 0.63 0.92 0.87 1.21 1.38 13.7world total 153.05 154.49 191.54 187.90 199.55 218.66 9.6

share in world premium income as %

USA 25.5 18.5 27.9 23.5 24.2 21.8 xGermany 25.1 29.3 23.1 22.8 19.8 21.5 xSwitzerland 10.1 9.4 7.6 9.3 11.0 10.1 xBermuda 11.2 7.9 6.5 8.6 7.4 7.1 xUnited Kingdom 6.6 7.4 6.6 7.3 6.3 6.7 xIreland 1.8 3.5 4.6 5.2 5.2 5.1 xJapan 6.5 6.6 5.2 5.7 5.3 4.9 xChina ° ° 2.4 2.1 3.8 4.6 xFrance 3.1 3.7 4.0 2.9 3.3 3.6 xLuxembourg ° 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.4 xIndia 0.7 1.5 1.2 1.3 2.3 2.7 xSouth Korea 1.3 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.1 xSpain 0.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 xHong Kong 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 xBrazil 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 x

* written premiums, net of retrocession

Source: Standard & Poor’s, own calculations

131Population in selected advanced economies

population 2018 population 2018 by age group as %1

numbers in 1,0001

as % of EU1

population density2

under 15 15–64

65 and older

European Union 512,379 100.0 118 15.6 64.7 19.7of which:

Germany 82,792 16.2 234 13.5 65.1 21.4Austria 8,822 1.7 107 14.4 66.9 18.7Belgium 11,399 2.2 374 17.0 64.3 18.7Czech Republic 10,610 2.1 137 15.7 65.0 19.2France 66,926 13.1 106 18.1 62.2 19.7Greece 10,741 2.1 82 14.4 63.8 21.8Italy 60,484 11.8 203 13.4 64.1 22.6Netherlands 17,181 3.4 501 16.1 65.1 18.9Poland 37,977 7.4 124 15.2 67.7 17.1Portugal 10,291 2.0 113 13.8 64.7 21.5Spain 46,658 9.1 93 15.0 65.8 19.2United Kingdom 66,274 12.9 272 17.9 63.8 18.2

Switzerland 8,517 x 216 14.9 66.4 18.6USA 327,167 x 36 18.8 65.4 15.8Japan 126,529 x 347 12.8 59.7 27.5for information: world 7,594,270 x 60 25.8 65.3 8.9

population growth3 population projection4

1950– 1955

1975–1980

2000- 2005

2010-20181 2030 2050

as % numbers in 1,000

European Union ° 0.4 0.3 0.2 520,712 523,708of which:

Germany 0.6 -0.1 0.1 0.2 83,823 82,672Austria 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.7 9,365 9,836Belgium 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.6 11,912 12,571Czech Republic ° 0.6 -0.2 0.2 10,738 10,612France 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.4 69,117 71,588Greece ° 1.3 0.4 -0.4 10,368 9,622Italy 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 58,941 55,860Netherlands 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 17,778 17,787Poland ° 0.9 0.0 0.0 37,398 34,861Portugal ° 1.8 0.5 -0.3 10,007 9,202Spain 0.8 1.1 1.4 0.0 48,071 49,933United Kingdom 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.8 71,468 78,290

Switzerland 1.2 -0.1 0.7 1.1 9,185 9,818USA 1.6 1.0 0.9 0.7 349,642 379,419Japan 1.4 0.9 0.1 -0.2 120,758 105,804for information: world 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.2 8,548,487 9,735,034

1 EU and France: provisional figures2 inhabitants per square kilometre; figures for 2017 for EU member states3 average annual rate of change as %4 EU: based on the 2019 Eurostat population projection; non-EU: medium variant of the

2019 UN population projection

Source: EUROSTAT; UN; World Bank; own calculations

132 Employment in selected advanced economies

unemployment rate as %1

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018European Union ° 8.9 9.0 9.6 9.4 8.6 7.6 6.8

of which:Germany 8.2 7.9 11.2 7.0 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.4Austria 4.2 3.9 5.6 4.8 5.7 6.0 5.5 4.9Belgium 9.7 6.9 8.5 8.3 8.5 7.8 7.12 6.0Czech Republic 4.0 8.8 7.9 7.3 5.1 4.0 2.9 2.2

France 10.2 8.6 8.9 9.3 10.4 10.1 9.4 9.1Greece ° 11.2 10.0 12.7 24.9 23.6 21.5 19.3Italy 11.2 10.0 7.7 8.4 11.9 11.7 11.2 10.6Netherlands 8.3 3.7 5.9 5.0 6.9 6.0 4.9 3.8Poland ° 16.1 17.9 9.7 7.5 6.2 4.9 3.9Portugal 7.9 5.1 8.8 12.0 12.6 11.2 9.0 7.0Spain 20.7 11.9 9.2 19.9 22.1 19.6 17.2 15.3United Kingdom 8.5 5.4 4.8 7.8 5.3 4.8 4.4 4.4

Switzerland ° ° 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.7USA 5.6 4.0 5.1 9.6 5.3 4.9 4.4 3.9Japan 3.2 4.7 4.4 5.1 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.4

persons in employ-ment in 1,000

share of persons in employment by economic sector as %

female economic activity rate as %4

19953 2018

agri- culture

manufac-turing

services

1995 20182018European Union ° 223,843 4.0 23.9 72.1 ° 68.2

of which:Germany 35,445 40,636 1.2 27.3 71.4 61.3 74.3Austria 3,643 4,241 3.7 25.4 70.9 62.3 72.0Belgium 3,764 4,699 1.0 21.1 77.9 51.7 64.3Czech Republic ° 5,147 2.8 37.5 59.7 ° 69.6

France ° 26,744 2.5 20.0 77.5 60.6 68.2Greece 3,692 3,751 12.3 15.2 72.5 44.3 59.9Italy 19,719 22,586 3.8 26.1 70.1 42.4 56.2Netherlands 6,746 8,543 1.9 14.6 83.5 58.3 75.8Poland ° 16,133 9.6 31.7 58.8 ° 63.3Portugal 4,201 4,615 6.0 24.8 69.1 59.1 72.4Spain 12,398 19,136 4.2 20.3 75.5 45.8 68.6United Kingdom 25,663 31,112 1.1 18.0 80.9 66.0 73.2

Switzerland ° 4,489 3.0 20.0 77.0 68.7 75.7USA 124,900 155,761 1.6 17.7 80.8 69.7 65.5Japan 64,566 66,636 3.2 23.9 72.9 58.4 69.6

1 unemployed as % of labour force2 due to modified classification, figures not comparable to previous years3 EU members: estimated figures4 female labour force as % of female population aged 15–64

Source: EUROSTAT; OECD; BFS

133Gross domestic product in selected advanced economies

1995 2000 2005 2010 2016 2017 2018

change against previous year as %1, 2

European Union ° 3.8 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.4 1.9of which:

Germany 1.7 3.0 0.7 4.1 2.2 2.2 1.4Austria 2.7 3.4 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.7Belgium 2.4 3.6 2.1 2.7 1.5 1.7 1.4Czech Republic 6.2 4.3 6.5 2.3 2.5 4.4 2.9France 2.1 3.9 1.7 1.9 1.2 2.2 1.5Greece 2.1 3.9 0.6 -5.5 -0.2 1.5 1.9Italy 2.9 3.7 0.9 1.7 1.1 1.7 0.9Netherlands 3.1 4.2 2.1 1.3 2.2 2.9 2.7Poland 7.0 4.6 3.5 3.6 3.1 4.8 5.1Portugal 4.3 3.8 0.8 1.9 1.9 2.8 2.1Spain 2.8 5.3 3.7 0.0 3.2 3.0 2.6United Kingdom 2.5 3.5 3.1 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.4

Switzerland 0.5 3.9 3.1 3.0 1.6 1.6 2.5USA 2.7 4.1 3.5 2.6 1.6 2.2 2.9Japan 2.7 2.8 1.7 4.2 0.6 1.9 0.7

gross domestic

product

private consump-

tion

public consump-

tion

gross capital

formation

exports imports

2018of goods and

services

per capita in US dollars³ as % of GDP4

European Union ° 53.9 20.0 20.5 46.1 42.8of which:

Germany 48,264 50.7 19.6 20.8 47.0 40.2Austria 51,509 49.5 19.2 23.9 54.5 51.0Belgium 46,724 49.7 23.3 23.8 87.8 87.2Czech Republic 22,850 47.1 19.9 26.2 78.8 72.6France 42,878 52.0 23.3 23.0 31.3 32.3Greece 20,408 65.3 19.1 11.1 36.1 36.4Italy 34,260 60.2 18.8 18.0 31.8 29.3Netherlands 53,106 43.4 24.0 20.9 83.0 72.4Poland 15,431 57.7 17.5 18.1 55.0 51.5Portugal 23,186 63.0 17.3 17.1 43.6 43.5Spain 30,697 56.7 18.4 21.2 34.3 32.3United Kingdom 42,558 63.4 18.2 17.0 29.9 31.4

Switzerland 82,950 52.9 11.8 24.5 65.5 53.4USA 62,606 68.1 13.9 20.8 12.3 15.4Japan 39,306 55.7 19.8 24.2 18.4 18.2

1 at constant prices2 France, Greece and Spain: provisional figures from 2016; Netherlands and Portugal:

provisional figures for 20173 at current prices and exchange rates; Belgium, France, Greece, United Kingdom, Italy,

Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Spain and Czech Repulic: estimated figures4 Portugal: estimated figures; Greece, Spain, France and Netherlands: provisional figures

Source: EUROSTAT; OECD; IMF; own calculations

134 Consumer prices and savings ratio in selected advanced economies

consumer prices1

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018


European Union ° 3.5 2.3 2.1 0.0 0.3 1.7 1.9of which:

Euro area ° 2.2 2.2 1.6 0.0 0.2 1.5 1.8Germany ° 1.4 1.9 1.1 0.1 0.4 1.7 1.9Austria 1.6 2.0 2.1 1.7 0.8 1.0 2.2 2.1Belgium 1.3 2.7 2.5 2.3 0.6 1.8 2.2 2.3Czech Republic ° 3.9 1.6 1.2 0.3 0.6 2.4 2.0France 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 0.1 0.3 1.2 2.1Greece 8.9 2.9 3.5 4.7 -1.1 0.0 1.1 0.8Italy 5.4 2.6 2.2 1.6 0.1 -0.1 1.3 1.2Netherlands 1.4 2.3 1.5 0.9 0.2 0.1 1.3 1.6Poland ° 10.1 2.2 2.6 -0.7 -0.2 1.6 1.2Portugal 4.0 2.8 2.1 1.4 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.2Spain 4.6 3.5 3.4 2.0 -0.6 -0.3 2.0 1.7United Kingdom 2.7 0.8 2.1 3.3 0.0 0.7 2.7 2.5

Switzerland 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.7 -1.1 -0.4 0.5 0.9USA 2.8 3.4 3.4 1.6 0.1 1.3 2.1 2.2Japan -0.1 -0.7 -0.3 -0.7 0.8 -0.1 0.5 1.0

savings ratio2

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018

as %

European Union ° 6.9 5.9 6.1 5.2 4.9 3.2 °of which:

Germany 11.0 9.0 10.1 10.0 9.7 9.8 9.9 10.4Austria 14.7 10.6 11.1 9.6 6.9 7.8 6.8 °Belgium 14.6 10.4 8.5 8.1 4.3 3.9 4.0 °Czech Republic 6.7 6.0 6.1 7.8 6.8 6.5 4.4 6.1France 10.8 10.0 9.5 10.4 8.4 8.2 8.5 °Greece 9.3 -1.4 -2.9 -6.9 -15.5 -17.0 -16.9 °Italy 16.0 7.4 9.1 4.2 3.2 3.2 2.4 2.6Netherlands 12.6 5.6 3.7 4.9 9.5 9.9 9.0 9.1Poland 15.1 10.9 2.2 2.4 -0.4 1.5 -0.9 °Portugal 5.5 3.5 1.8 1.3 -3.2 -3.7 -4.1 -4.2Spain 10.0 5.8 3.2 3.7 2.9 1.8 -0.8 -1.5United Kingdom 10.6 5.9 2.9 6.7 4.6 1.6 -1.2 -0.8

Switzerland 14.4 14.0 12.8 15.7 18.2 18.7 17.8 17.7USA 6.6 4.2 2.6 5.6 7.6 6.7 6.7 6.7Japan 11.2 8.9 3.4 3.7 1.2 2.9 2.5 4.3

1 for the EU and its member countries Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HCPI)2 net savings of private households as % of disposable income

Source: EUROSTAT; OECD

135Financial situation of private households in Europe*

financial assets1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018

as % of GDP

Germany 130.0 160.3 176.2 171.0 175.2 176.6 178.8 °Austria 142.6 153.0 166.3 177.3 176.9 178.5 176.9 °Belgium1 256.3 282.0 278.2 277.7 304.5 307.1 301.0 288.5Czech Republic 83.0 81.1 80.3 97.8 145.3 143.9 149.3 °France 143.3 183.9 183.9 203.9 219.8 230.3 233.9 °Greece 111.9 156.0 143.6 116.9 145.3 143.9 149.3 °Italy 175.0 236.0 250.6 218.9 242.1 241.0 245.7 °Netherlands1 244.1 258.7 257.3 268.9 328.9 343.0 329.0 °Poland 32.7 48.9 76.4 81.7 96.2 101.4 101.2 96.9Portugal1 138.1 173.0 188.5 200.3 203.6 198.6 199.4 195.4Spain 135.7 156.4 167.7 161.2 190.1 186.4 183.5 174.5United Kingdom 243.7 296.3 283.1 288.1 307.3 323.5 319.1 312.4

financial liabilities1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018

as % of GDP

Germany 60.2 70.8 67.5 58.9 53.2 52.9 52.7 °Austria 42.1 44.9 52.1 54.8 51.0 51.2 50.2 °Belgium1 40.6 41.5 44.3 54.1 59.7 60.3 61.1 61.6Czech Republic 14.8 11.4 19.6 32.4 32.9 33.8 31.8 °France 40.9 44.5 54.2 69.0 67.2 68.8 69.9 °Greece 12.7 20.1 43.5 68.4 68.8 66.1 62.4 °Italy 19.9 26.4 37.0 48.0 46.2 45.9 45.6 °Netherlands1 71.1 94.3 115.1 127.4 113.7 111.7 108.7 115.3Poland 2.3 8.0 15.6 34.6 36.5 37.0 35.4 35.6Portugal1 35.1 69.6 88.6 102.4 83.2 79.0 76.2 74.4Spain 39.8 53.1 76.2 87.7 72.2 68.9 66.0 64.3United Kingdom 63.0 67.4 91.3 97.2 88.3 88.7 88.5 89.5

* consolidated figures1 until 2010 incl. non-profit institutions

Source: EUROSTAT

136 Public finances in selected advanced economies

public debt2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2018

as % of GDP

European Union 60.0 61.5 79.0 86.2 83.3 81.5of which:

Germany 58.9 67.0 80.9 71.6 64.5 60.9Austria 66.1 68.6 82.7 84.7 78.2 73.8Belgium 108.8 94.7 99.7 106.4 103.4 102.0Czech Republic 17.0 27.9 37.4 40.0 34.7 32.7France 58.6 67.2 85.1 95.6 98.4 98.4Greece 104.9 107.4 146.2 175.9 176.5 181.1Italy 105.1 101.9 115.4 131.6 131.4 132.2Netherlands 51.7 49.2 59.3 64.6 57.0 52.4Poland 36.5 46.4 53.1 51.3 50.6 48.9Portugal 50.3 67.4 96.2 128.8 124.8 121.5Spain 58.0 42.3 60.1 99.3 98.1 97.1United Kingdom 37.0 39.9 75.6 87.9 87.1 86.8

USA 53.1 65.3 95.7 104.8 105.2 107.4Japan 139.0 184.9 215.9 231.6 234.8 236.1

government budget balance

taxes and social contributions ratio

public expenditure ratio

2016 2017 2018 1995 2017 1995 20181

as % of GDP

European Union -1.7 -1.0 -0.6 ° ° ° 46.3of which:

Germany 0.9 1.0 1.7 36.2 37.5 54.7 43.9Austria -1.6 -0.7 -0.7 41.4 41.8 55.9 48.5Belgium -2.4 -0.8 -0.7 42.6 44.6 52.4 52.4Czech Republic 0.7 1.6 0.9 34.7 34.9 52.9 40.8France -3.5 -2.8 -2.5 41.9 46.2 54.2 56.0Greece 0.5 0.7 1.1 27.8 39.4 46.0 46.7Italy -2.5 -2.4 -2.1 38.6 42.4 51.8 48.6Netherlands 0.0 1.2 1.5 37.7 38.8 53.7 42.2Poland -2.2 -1.5 -0.4 37.7 33.9 47.9 41.5Portugal -2.0 -3.0 -0.5 29.3 34.7 42.6 44.0Spain -4.5 -3.1 -2.5 31.3 33.7 44.3 41.3United Kingdom -2.9 -1.9 -1.5 29.8 33.3 38.6 40.8

USA -5.3 -4.1 -6.4 26.5 27.1 37.2 38.0Japan -3.5 -3.0 -2.9 25.8 30.6 34.9 38.9

1 USA: figure for 2015

Source: BMF; European Commission; OECD

137Cross-border economic relations

current account balance2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

as % of GDP

European Union -1.3 -0.6 -0.6 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.4of which:

Germany -1.8 4.7 5.7 7.2 8.5 8.4 8.0 7.3Austria -0.7 2.3 2.9 2.5 1.7 2.5 2.0 2.3Belgium ° 2.1 1.8 -0.9 -1.0 -0.6 0.7 -1.3Czech Republic -4.4 -2.1 -3.6 -1.6 -0.8 -1.7 -1.8 -2.9France 1.1 0.1 -0.6 -1.0 -0.4 -0.8 -0.6 -0.3Greece ° -8.9 -11.4 -1.6 -0.8 -1.7 -1.8 -2.9Italy 0.1 -0.9 -3.4 1.9 1.3 2.5 2.6 2.5Netherlands ° 7.1 7.0 8.5 6.3 8.0 10.5 10.8Poland ° -2.6 -5.4 -2.1 -0.6 -0.5 0.2 -0.7Portugal -10.8 -9.9 -10.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.4 -0.6Spain -4.4 -7.5 -3.9 1.1 1.2 2.3 1.8 0.9United Kingdom -2.4 -2.0 -3.4 -4.9 -4.9 -5.2 -3.3 -3.9

Switzerland 12.0 13.5 14.7 8.5 11.2 9.4 6.7 10.2USA -3.9 -5.7 -2.9 -2.1 -2.2 -2.3 -2.3 -2.4Japan 2.7 3.6 3.9 0.8 3.1 3.9 4.2 3.5

2005 = 100

for information: world trade 79.0 100.0 119.0 133.0 136.0 138.0 144.01 °

net international investment position2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

as % of GDP

Germany 1.6 13.3 25.6 40.7 46.4 50.8 54.4 60.6Austria -16.2 -15.5 -5.2 3.4 2.2 3.7 3.7 3.8Belgium ° 38.4 65.2 45.1 45.9 57.0 52.4 43.9Czech Republic -8.1 -23.1 -46.0 -36.6 -32.9 -26.9 -25.0 -23.6France 2.2 -2.0 -9.3 -15.6 -12.9 -14.9 -20.1 -11.4Greece ° -75.6 -99.0 -131.9 -135.4 -137.8 -140.5 -137.9Italy -6.4 -15.4 -20.2 -21.0 -19.5 -10.2 -6.4 -3.9Netherlands ° -5.0 11.0 48.0 50.1 62.7 59.7 68.9Poland ° -41.8 -65.1 -69.1 -62.1 -61.6 -61.0 -55.6Portugal -41.5 -69.9 -104.3 -118.6 -113.2 -105.5 -104.9 -100.8Spain -34.8 -58.9 -88.6 -98.0 -89.5 -85.3 -83.5 -77.1United Kingdom 2.4 -2.3 -7.6 -22.1 -20.1 -2.4 -8.1 -6.7

1 provisional figure

Source: EUROSTAT; OECD; WTO

138 Interest rates and bond yields in selected advanced economies

year

key interest rates of the central bank1 current yields of government bonds6

USA2Euro

area3United

Kingdom4 Japan5 USA7 Germany8United

Kingdom7 Japan7

as %

1975 4.88 3.50 11.25 6.50 8.0 8.6 ° °1980 18.00 7.50 14.00 7.25 11.4 8.5 ° °1985 7.75 4.00 11.38 5.00 10.6 7.0 11.2 °1990 7.00 6.00 13.88 6.00 8.6 8.7 11.7 7.01991 4.00 8.00 10.38 4.50 7.9 8.5 10.1 6.31992 3.00 8.25 6.88 3.25 7.0 7.9 9.1 5.31993 3.00 5.75 5.38 1.75 5.9 6.5 7.6 4.31994 5.50 4.50 6.13 1.75 7.1 6.9 8.1 4.41995 5.50 3.00 6.38 0.50 6.6 6.9 8.2 3.41996 5.25 2.50 5.94 0.50 6.4 6.2 7.8 3.11997 5.50 2.50 7.25 0.50 6.4 5.7 7.0 2.41998 4.75 2.50 6.25 0.25 5.3 4.6 5.5 1.51999 5.50 3.00 5.50 0.00 5.7 4.5 5.1 1.72000 6.50 4.75 6.00 0.25 6.0 5.3 5.3 1.72001 1.75 3.25 4.00 0.15 5.0 4.9 4.9 1.32002 1.25 2.75 4.00 0.15 4.6 4.8 4.9 1.32003 1.00 2.00 3.75 0.15 4.0 4.1 4.5 1.02004 2.25 2.00 4.75 0.15 4.3 4.0 4.9 1.52005 4.25 2.25 4.50 0.15 4.3 3.4 4.4 1.42006 5.25 3.50 5.00 0.25 4.8 3.8 4.5 1.72007 4.25 4.00 5.50 0.50 4.6 4.3 5.0 1.72008 0.25 2.50 2.00 0.10 3.7 4.1 4.6 1.52009 0.25 1.00 0.50 0.10 3.3 3.3 3.6 1.32010 0.25 1.00 0.50 0.10 3.2 2.8 3.6 1.12011 0.25 1.00 0.50 0.10 2.8 2.7 3.1 1.12012 0.25 0.75 0.50 0.10 1.8 1.6 1.9 0.82013 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.10 2.4 1.6 2.4 0.72014 0.25 0.05 0.50 0.10 2.5 1.2 2.6 0.52015 0.50 0.05 0.50 0.10 2.1 0.6 1.9 0.42016 0.75 0.00 0.25 -0.10 1.8 0.2 1.3 -0.12017 1.50 0.00 0.50 -0.10 2.3 0.4 1.2 0.12018 2.50 0.00 0.75 -0.10 2.9 0.4 1.5 0.1

1 as per end of year2 federal funds rate; 1980 and from 2008 upper boundary of applied margin3 until 1998 Deutsche Bundesbank bank rate, from 1999 ECB rate on the main

refinancing operations4 until 1980 Minimum Lending Rate, from 1985 Minimum Band 1 Dealing Rate, from 1997

Repo Rate, from 2006 Official Bank Rate5 Short-term policy interest rate6 annual averages7 government bonds with a 10-year maturity8 government bonds with remaining time to maturity of 9–10 years

Source: Bank of England; Bank of Japan; Deutsche Bundesbank; ECB; Federal Reserve; OECD

139Share prices, residential property prices and oil price

year

share indexes1residential property price

indexes2 oil price4

Dow Jones

Industrial

Euro- STOXX

50 DAX 30 USAEuro

area3 Germanyin US dollars

per barrel1975 852 ° 563 ° ° ° °1980 964 ° 481 81.2 65.4 ° °1985 1,547 ° 1,366 78.3 56.1 ° °1990 2,634 859 1,398 92.7 74.3 ° 23.81991 3,169 1,000 1,578 88.1 77.2 ° 20.01992 3,301 1,034 1,545 85.4 78.0 ° 19.31993 3,754 1,433 2,267 84.0 77.3 ° 17.01994 3,834 1,321 2,107 83.8 76.9 ° 15.91995 5,117 1,507 2,254 83.2 76.1 ° 17.01996 6,448 1,850 2,889 83.1 76.3 ° 20.61997 7,908 2,532 4,250 84.0 76.3 ° 19.11998 9,181 3,342 5,002 88.1 77.1 ° 12.81999 11,497 4,904 6,958 92.6 79.5 ° 17.92000 10,788 4,772 6,434 98.0 82.0 ° 28.72001 10,022 3,806 5,160 103.7 84.2 ° 24.52002 8,342 2,386 2,893 110.6 87.6 ° 25.02003 10,454 2,761 3,965 118.7 90.9 110.7 28.92004 10,783 2,951 4,256 132.0 94.8 107.5 38.32005 10,718 3,579 5,408 148.0 99.5 104.9 54.62006 12,463 4,120 6,597 151.8 103.8 103.4 65.22007 13,265 4,400 8,067 138.7 106.3 100.8 72.42008 8,776 2,451 4,810 113.8 104.9 101.5 96.92009 10,428 2,966 5,957 102.9 100.8 100.5 61.72010 11,578 2,793 6,914 100.0 100.0 100.0 79.62011 12,218 2,317 5,898 94.3 98.4 100.3 111.32012 13,104 2,636 7,612 96.7 94.4 101.3 111.62013 16,577 3,109 9,552 104.7 91.2 102.8 108.62014 17,823 3,146 9,806 109.5 91.1 104.9 99.02015 17,425 3,268 10,743 115.3 92.5 109.6 52.32016 19,763 3,291 11,481 120.1 95.4 115.6 43.62017 24,719 3,504 12,918 124.5 97.5 119.0 54.22018 23,328 3,001 10,559 128.4 99.9 122.9 71.1

1 as per end of year2 deflated by consumer price index; annual averages; 2010=1003 due to limited availability of data partly varying selection of countries4 Brent; annual averages

Source: BIS; Deutsche Börse Group; Deutsche Bundesbank; Dow Jones; U.S. Energy Information Administration

140Exchange rates

DM exchange ratesThe respective national currency was equal to …DM1

year 1 US dollar 1 British pound 100 Jap. yen 1 Swiss franc1960 4.17 11.71 ° 0.971970 3.65 8.74 1.02 0.851980 1.82 4.23 0.81 1.081990 1.62 2.88 1.12 1.171998 1.76 2.91 1.35 1.21

EUR exchange rates1 EUR was equal to1

year US dollars British pounds Jap. yen Swiss francs1999 1.0658 0.6587 121.32 1.60032000 0.9236 0.6095 99.47 1.55792001 0.8956 0.6219 108.68 1.51052002 0.9456 0.6288 118.06 1.46702003 1.1312 0.6920 130.97 1.52122004 1.2439 0.6787 134.44 1.54382005 1.2441 0.6838 136.85 1.54832006 1.2556 0.6817 146.02 1.57292007 1.3705 0.6843 161.25 1.64272008 1.4708 0.7963 152.45 1.58742009 1.3948 0.8909 130.34 1.51002010 1.3257 0.8578 116.24 1.38032011 1.3920 0.8679 110.96 1.23262012 1.2848 0.8109 102.49 1.20532013 1.3281 0.8493 129.66 1.23112014 1.3285 0.8061 140.31 1.21462015 1.1095 0.7258 134.31 1.06792016 1.1069 0.8195 120.20 1.09022017 1.1297 0.8767 126.71 1.11172018 1.1810 0.8847 130.40 1.1550

1 annual averages

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank; ECB

141Economy and population in selected emerging markets

gross domestic product2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2018

change against previous year as %1

Brazil 4.4 3.1 7.5 -3.5 1.1 1.1Mexico 5.3 3.0 5.1 3.3 2.1 2.0China 8.4 11.3 10.6 6.9 6.8 6.6India 4.0 9.3 10.3 8.0 7.2 7.1Indonesia 5.0 5.7 6.4 4.9 5.1 5.2South Africa 4.2 5.3 3.0 1.2 1.4 0.8Turkey 6.8 8.4 8.5 6.1 7.4 2.6Russia 10.0 6.4 4.5 -2.5 1.6 2.3

population gross national income4

2000 20182 20503 2000 2017 2018

numbers in m per capita in US dollars

Brazil 173.8 208.3 229.0 3,930 8,670 9,140Mexico 100.9 124.7 155.2 6,210 8,940 9,180China 1,267.4 1,395.4 1,402.4 940 8,630 9,470India 1,029.5 1,334.2 1,639.2 440 1,830 2,020Indonesia 206.3 264.2 330.9 580 3,530 3,840South Africa 44.9 57.7 87.4 3,070 5,400 5,720Turkey 64.7 82.0 97.1 4,300 10,890 10,380Russia 146.4 144.0 135.8 1,710 9,230 10,230

public debt current account balance2016 2017 20182 2016 2017 2018

as % of GDP

Brazil 78.3 84.1 87.8 -1.3 -0.4 -0.8Mexico 56.8 54.0 53.6 -2.3 -1.7 -1.8China 44.2 46.8 50.5 1.8 1.4 0.4India 69.0 69.8 69.8 -0.6 -1.8 -2.5Indonesia 28.3 28.9 29.2 -1.8 -1.6 -3.0South Africa 51.5 53.0 56.7 -2.8 -2.4 -3.4Turkey 28.3 28.3 29.1 -3.8 -5.6 -3.6Russia 16.1 15.5 14.0 1.9 2.1 7.0

consumer prices (change against previous year)

key interest rates of the central bank5

2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018

as %

Brazil 8.7 3.4 3.7 13.75 7.00 6.50Mexico 2.8 6.0 4.9 5.75 7.25 8.25China 2.0 1.6 2.1 4.35 4.35 4.35India 4.5 3.6 3.5 6.25 6.00 6.50Indonesia 3.5 3.8 3.2 4.75 4.25 6.00South Africa 6.3 5.3 4.6 7.00 6.75 6.75Turkey 7.8 11.1 16.3 8.00 8.00 24.00Russia 7.1 3.7 2.9 10.00 7.75 7.75

1 at constant prices in national currency2 partly estimated figures3 medium variant of the 2019 UN population projection4 calculated according to Atlas method5 as per end of year Source: IWF; UN; World Bank; central banks of resp. countries

Accident insurance, private 62, 64, 65, 80Accident insurance, statutory 121Acquisition of financial assets 112, 113Advanced economies

population 131savings rate 134employment 132financial situation of private households 135development of consumer prices 134gross domestic product 133public finances 136yields (bonds) 138

Ageing reserve 52, 57Assets (of private households)

Germany 110-113Europe 135

Basisrente contracts 38Benefits see insurance benefitsBuilding activity 99Buildings, stock of 99Business start-ups 100Capital formation, fixed 96-98Claims ratio

property & casualty insurance 59, 62reinsurance 89

Combined ratio 59, 62Comprehensive insurance on buildings 62, 64, 65, 74Comprehensive insurance on contents 62, 64, 65, 75Consumer expenditure 96, 97, 106Consumer goods, durable 115Consumer price index

advanced economies 134Germany 107, 108emerging markets 141

Contracts see insurance portfolioCredit, surety and fidelity insurance 62, 64, 84

Index



Ageing reserve 52, 57Assets (of private households) Germany 110-113Europe 135

Basisrente contracts 38Benefits see insurance benefitsBuilding activity 99Buildings, stock of 99Business start-ups 100Capital formation, fixed 96-98

Claims ratio property & casualty insurance 59, 62reinsurance 89




Direct insurance (occupational pensions) 39

Distribution channels 13Dwellings, stock of 99

Economic relations, cross-border 137, 141Emerging markets 141

Accident insurance, private

Index

XV

Index



Ageing reserve 52, 57Assets (of private households) Germany 110-113Europe 135

Basisrente contracts 38Benefits see insurance benefitsBuilding activity 99Buildings, stock of 99Business start-ups 100Capital formation, fixed 96-98

Claims ratio property & casualty insurance 59, 62reinsurance 89




Direct insurance (occupational pensions) 39

Distribution channels 13Dwellings, stock of 99

Economic relations, cross-border 137, 141Emerging markets 141

Accident insurance, private

Direct insurance (occupational pensions) 39Distribution channels 13Dwellings, stock of 99

Economic relations, cross-border 137, 141Emerging markets 141Employment

advanced economies 132insurance industry 1, 10, 11Germany 95

Engineering insurance / EI-BI 62, 64, 65, 78Equity capital (insurance companies) 43, 57, 86, 90Exchange rates 140Expenditure on motor vehicles 109

Financial assets (of private households) 111Fire brigade tax 25Foreign business

reinsurance 87foreign direct investment 22

Foreign insurance companies in Germany 19-21Foreign insurance markets

premium income 124-126reinsurance 130insurance density 127-129insurance penetration 127-129

Gross domestic product advanced economies 133Germany 96, 97emerging markets 141

Healthcare sector 101Healthcare insurance, private

companies (number, legal form) 2, 46premium income 5, 47, 48investment portfolio 57insurance benefits 7, 52-54business in force 8, 47, 49-51distribution channels 13

XVIIndex

type of insurance 48-51, 53compulsory long-term care insurance 47, 49, 50, 53, 55ageing reserves 52, 57insurance density 9insurance penetration 9

Healthcare insurance, statutory 119Households (private)

number 94assets 110financial assets 111acquisition of financial assets 112, 113equipment 115financial situation in European comparison 135

Income, disposable 106Insolvencies 100Insurance advisers 10, 12Insurance benefits

insurance industry 7healthcare insurance 7, 52-54life insurance 7, 41, 42reinsurance 87property & casualty insurance 7, 59, 61by class of business 7

Insurance companies number 2employment 11by federal state 4by legal form 3by class of business 2

Insurance contracts see insurance portfolioInsurance density

Germany 9international comparison 127-129

Insurance industry premium income 5employment 10, 11investment portfolio 14, 15insurance benefits 7business in force 8insurance density 9

XVII Index

insurance penetration 9market concentration 23cross-industry comparison 24

Insurance intermediaries 10, 12Insurance penetration

Germany 9international comparison 127-129

Insurance portfolio insurance industry 8healthcare insurance 47, 49-51life insurance 8, 27, 28property & casualty insurance 63, 64by class of business 8

Insurance premium see premium incomeInsurance premium tax 25Interest rates 116, 138, 141Investment portfolio

insurance industry 14, 15primary insurance 16healthcare insurance 57life insurance 43reinsurance 90property & casualty insurance 86by class of business 15alternative investments 17

Legal expenses insurance 62, 64, 65, 81Legal form

insurance industry 3, 6healthcare insurance 46life insurance 26property & casualty insurance 58

Liability insurance 62, 64, 65, 79Life expectancy 92Life insurance

companies (number, legal form) 2, 26premium income 5, 27, 28, 31-35investment portfolio 43insurance benefits 7, 41, 42liabilities to policyholders 43business in force 8, 27, 28

XVIIIIndex

new business 27, 28, 36distribution channels 13type of business 33, 35, 36Basisrente contracts 38Riester contracts 37, 114direct insurance 39reinsurance (occupational pensions) 39supplementary insurance 40share of financial assets 111share of acquisition of financial assets 112insurance density 9, 128insurance penetration 9, 128

Long-term care insurance, private 47, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56Long-term care insurance, social 120

Marine and aviation insurance 62, 64, 82, 83Market concentration (insurance industry) 23Mortality 93Motor insurance 62, 64-71Motor vehicles 102, 109

Occupational pension schemes

life insurance 29-31, 39direct insurance 39reinsurance 39Pensionskassen 29, 44pension funds 30, 45incidence 114

Pension funds 30, 45Pension insurance, private 33, 35-38Pension insurance, statutory 118Pensionskassen 39, 44Population

Germany 91emerging markets 141advanced economies 131

Premium income primary insurance 5healthcare insurance 5, 47, 48life insurance 5, 27-31

XIX Index

reinsurance 87, 88property & casualty insurance 5, 59, 60by legal form 6, 26, 46, 58by class 1, 5by federal state 4foreign insurance markets 124-126, 130per capita 9, 127-129in relation to gross domestic product 9, 127-129

Prices, price indexes consumer price index 107selected price indexes 108expenditure on motor vehicles 109oil price 139residential property prices 139international comparison 134, 141

Property & casualty insurance companies (number, legal form) 2, 58premium income 5, 59, 60investment portfolio 86claims expenditure 7, 59, 61claims 63, 65claims ratio 59, 62combined ratio 59, 62business in force 8, 63, 64distribution channels 13technical results 62technical provisions 86insurance density 9insurance penetration 9

Property insurance total 62, 64, 65, 72private property insurance 62, 64, 65, 73non-private property insurance 62, 64, 65, 76comprehensive insurance on contents 62, 64, 65, 75comprehensive insurance on buildings 62, 64, 65, 74industrial / commercial / agricultural property insurance 62, 64, 65, 77engineering insurance / EI-BI 62, 64, 65, 78

Public finances 136, 141

XXIndex

Reinsurance companies (number) 2, 87premium income 87, 88, 130investment portfolio 90claims expenditure 87classes 88claims ratio 89technical results 89technical provisions 90international locations 130occupational pensions 39

Riester contracts 37, 114Roadside accidents 103Roadside assistance 64, 65, 85

Savings ratio

advanced economies 134Germany 106

Share prices 116, 139Social expenditure, ratio of 117Social insurance systems 118-122Social security systems, tax financed 123Social welfare budget 117Solvency II 18

solvency ratio 18own funds 18solvency capital requirement 18standard formula 18

Technical results property & casualty insurance 62reinsurance 89

Transportation of goods 104

Unemployment insurance, statutory 122

Wages and salaries 105

Yields (bonds) 116, 138

XXI Index

Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V. German Insurance Association

Wilhelmstraße 43 / 43G D-10117 Berlin

Tel.: +49 30 2020-5131 Fax: +49 30 2020-6616 [email protected]

www.gdv.de

statistical yearbook of german insurance 2019 · 1.7 trillion euros, the german insurance companies...

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