states of matter-1 - ms sciencethomascallscience.weebly.com/.../9/1/2/...matter-1.pdf ·...
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States of Ma*er
• All ma*er can exist in 3 states: solid, liquid, gas
• Changing from one state to another is a physical change
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Specific States of Ma*er
• Depends on the temperature and pressure of ma*er
• As the temperature of an object increases its state will change from solid to liquid to gas
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Solid
• Ma*er with a definite shape and volume • ParEcles are bonded together in a crystal laFce
• ParEcles vibrate but do not move independently from each other
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Liquid
• Ma*er with a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
• The bond between parEcles are not strong enough to support the substance
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Gas
• Ma*er without a fixed volume or fixed shape • Has a tendency to expand • Example: oxygen, carbon dioxide
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Plasma
• Similar to gas but has charged parEcles that react strongly to magneEc fields
• Stars are made of plasma and it can be found in neon signs, lightning, and fluorescent bulbs
• Plasma is the most common state of ma*er in the universe but we seldom see it in daily life.
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Temperature
• Measurement of heat or how fast parEcles are moving in a substance
• The higher the temperature the faster parEcles move
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Temperature Scales
• Fahrenheit – based on typical condiEons on Earth; 32o – water freezes, 212o– water boils
• Celsius – Based on the change of states for water; 0o – water freezes, 100o– water boils
• Kelvin – Based on the coldest possible temperature (absolute zero); 273K – water freezes, 373– water boils
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MelEng Point
• The temperature at which a solid melts into a liquid
• Every material has its own unique melEng point
• Bonds holding solid together are broken at the melEng point
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Boiling Point
• The temperature at which a solid melts into a liquid
• Every material has its own unique boiling point
• A*racEon between parEcles in a liquid are broken at the boiling point
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SublimaEon
• Ma*er changing directly from a solid to a gas without going through a liquid phase
• Example of this is dry ice (solid carbon dioxide)