states of consciousness. what is consciousness? a state of awareness…. –includes the person’s...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
![Page 2: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is consciousness?
• A state of awareness….
– Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions
![Page 3: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• Different levels of awareness that occur each day (I.e. sleeping, dreaming, thinking, etc)
• A person who is not completely aware is in a different level (state) of consciousness
![Page 4: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Consciousness can
be broken down into:– Waking consciousness: Includes all the
thoughts, feelings, and perceptions when we are awake and alert
– Altered States of Consciousness (ASC): A mental state that differs from waking consciousness
![Page 5: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ASC:
• Examples of altered states of consciousness include:– Daydreaming– Sleep– Dreaming– Hypnosis– Meditation– intoxication
![Page 6: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sleep
• Was difficult to study until the development of the EEG (electroencephalograph), a device that records the electrical activity of the brain (brain waves)
• Other measures taken are muscular activity (using an EMG – electromyogram) and eyeball movement (using EOG – electro oculogram)
![Page 7: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
REM sleep was realized in 1953…With the invention of the EEG:
![Page 8: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why sleep?
• Recovery from exhaustion & stress?
• Primitive “hibernation”? (conserve energy)
• Stay out of trouble?• Clear minds of useless
information?
![Page 9: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hypothesis #1. Restoration and Recovery of Body Systems
• Organisms must replenish energy stores and repair itself after a period of energy use and wear & tear from the day
• There is little evidence that more repair occurs during sleep than just during awake rest
• The more physical the exertion, the more important non REM sleep is to recovery
• The more mental the exertion, the more NB REM sleep is (for memory and learning)
![Page 10: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hypothesis #2. Energy Conservation
• We sleep to conserve energy because metabolic rate is slower during sleep
![Page 11: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hypothesis #3: Memory Consolidation
• Sleeping reinforces learning and memory, while at the same time clearing out unneeded memories
• FYI lab rats live 2 – 3 yrs but deprived
of REM sleep, they survive an average
of 5 months – deprived of all sleep
live 3 weeks
![Page 12: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hypothesis #4: Protection from Predators
• Inactivity during sleep may minimize exposure to predators.
• At the same time however, one is usually unaware while sleeping – May be more vulnerable…..?
![Page 13: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hypothesis #5: Brain Development
• This proposed function of sleep is related to REM sleep, which occurs for long periods during fetal and infant development.
• REM sleep may be involved in the formation of new connections between neurons in the brain
![Page 14: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Hypothesis #6: Discharge of Emotions
• Dreaming may provide a safe discharge of emotions
• Muscular paralysis prevents acting out dreams
• Activity in brain regions that control emotions, decision making, and social interactions is reduced during sleep relieves stress of it all?
![Page 15: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sleep is categorized into:
• NREM – Non-REM sleep (a.k.a. slow wave sleep)– This type has 4 stages
within it
– If deprived of this type of sleep, we feel physically tired
– This type is especially important after physical exertion
• REM sleep– Dreaming sleep
– Rapid-Eye-Movement
– Brain waves are very similar to waking life.
– About 20% of our sleep is REM
![Page 16: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stages of Sleep
• Stage 1 sleep begins with theta waves
• Stage 2 – theta waves with sleep spindles (rapid bursts of activity) and K-complexes
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsysleep.html
![Page 17: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sleep Spindles and K-Complexes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stage2sleep_new.svg
![Page 18: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Stage 3 – delta waves• Stage 4 sleep (deepest
sleep) – more than 50% of brain waves are delta
• A person sleeping goes through one sleep cycle (all stages) about every 90 minutes
![Page 19: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• The first sleep cycle of the night takes you into the deepest sleep
• Each subsequent cycle takes you less deep – most of your deep stage 4 sleep is early in the night
• REM is at the top of the cycle, in lighter sleep• REM accounts for about 20% of the sleep
time, and increases with each sleep cycle
![Page 20: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Look again at the sleep cycle:
![Page 21: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Hypnosis
• A form of altered consciousness
• People become highly suggestible to changes in behavior and thought
• People can be made conscious of things they normally are not aware of
![Page 22: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Hypnosis continued…
• People can be made unaware of thing they normally are aware of
• Hypnosis does not put people “to sleep”
• People under hypnosis become highly receptive and responsive to certain internal and external stimuli
![Page 23: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. What is consciousness? A state of awareness…. –Includes the person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070404/56649f335503460f94c507e3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Everyday Hypnosis….
• Brain waves during each of these activities are very similar
• People can resist hypnosis by refusing to open their mind to the hypnotist.