state of the student - chegg...the 2019 state of the student research project was designed and...

Dissatis�ed, determined, and ready to be heard

STATE OF THE STUDENT

Chegg.org

The voices of today’s American students

Authors:

Marc Boxser, Chegg, Inc.Devonya Batiste, Chegg, Inc.Bonny Brown, Chegg, Inc.Charanya Ramachandran, Chegg, Inc.Allison Cepukenas, Santa Clara University

©2019 Chegg, Inc. All rights reserved. The Chegg name and logo, Chegg.com, Chegg Study, Chegg for Good, A Smarter Way to Student are registered trademarks.

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The 2019 State of the Student research project was designed and managed by Chegg, Inc. to gain a deeper understanding of the perceptions of enrolled college students. The online research was conducted using empaneled respondents provided by Dynata. The sample for this research was collected in June and July 2019. It consists of 1,001 students currently enrolled in U.S.-based (two-year and four-year) colleges. To guarantee the sample is re�ective of the college population at large, the data is weighted to match data from the U.S. Census. Data points used for weighting include: age and gender.

Methodology

Today’s students face tough new realities as education, employment, and politics transform around them. In this report, our second annual study of the “State of the Student” in America – which highlights insights from a poll of over 1,000 students across a representative spectrum of demographics and colleges – we examine the most important issues facing students both on and o�-campus, including the cost of education, and explore how students are rallying to address them. Among our �ndings, we discovered a discrepancy around how males and females view the severity of sexual harassment issues on their college campuses. We show how a signi�cant number of the student population greatly disapproves of the political status quo and remains determined – and optimistic – to bring about societal change. Our respondents have expressed their frustration with the U.S., many feeling as though their nation is no longer seen as a force for good in the world while agreeing that it used to be, and how the country needs to regain its international footing.

We also �nd that today’s students are exceptionally politically active. College students intend to use their political voices in the 2020 election: 80% intend to vote in the upcoming election cycle versus around only 56% of the U.S. voting population as a whole in 2016.[i] The modern student faces mounting pressure, navigating a higher education system that seems designed to put them deeper into debt. This report is intended to help policymakers, higher ed administrators, and business people understand more about the issues on the minds of young people in education, and to encourage them to �nd ways to ensure that we prepare and support our young people for the challenges ahead.

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Foreward

“The cost of living is on so many students’ minds because most of their income is far from congruent with the cost of living,” said Annabelle, a University of Michigan master’s student. In addition to securing the �nancial stability to navigate the ever-rising costs of living, college students are thinking critically about the nature of their future career paths. 63% of students noted that �nding a ful�lling career path is a top-of-mind concern for their generation.[1] Viewing work not just as a

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way to achieve �nancial security, but also as a means to attaining an intellectually stimulating career highlights this generation’s juggling of a traditional dichotomous relationship between �nancial gain and career satisfaction. With students overly focused on �nding �nancially-ful�lling work post-grad, it is not surprising that 45% of respondents believe that the highest priority for their university’s leadership was to prepare students for a job after college, as opposed to exposing students to new and challenging ideas.[11]

On campuses, however, the issues a�ecting students shift. Four out of �ve respondents indicated that the costs of education are the single biggest issue a�ecting students today.[2] With the levels of student debt increasing nationwide, it is easy to understand the source of the students’ worries.

Cost of living dominates campus concernsAs a generation, college students overwhelmingly felt that the cost of living was the dominant issue facing their lives today. Over 70% of students cited the high cost of living as the primary concern a�ecting them, and an additional 67% indicated that �nding a job with �nancial security proved to be another frequent issue among their generation.[1] Over 40% of new college graduates, on average, are underemployed and about two-thirds of these graduates will remain in jobs that do not require a college degree �ve years after graduation.[ii]

[1]

[2]

One of the more divisive issues a�ecting college campuses proved to be sexualharassment as male and female

respondents widely diverged in their views on the severity of the issue. Overall, 43% of students believe that sexual harassment is a major concern in their college;[2] however, the gender divide of the responses shows a slightly di�erent interpretation. Half of the female students surveyed felt sexual harassment was a primary concern for them, but only 35% of males agreed with this sentiment.[2] Even in the post-#MeToo era, it appears that college women �nd it a challenge to convince the men on their campus to view the severity of sexual harassment.

Tragically, the number of school shootings in the United States continues to grow with the New York Times reporting that at least eight shootings have occurred in high schools or on college campuses in 2019 already.[vii] With this context and amidst the ongoing gun control debate in state and federal legislatures, 57% of students believe their classmates should not be allowed to carry guns on campus.[13] Even Southern students, where gun rights advocacy is much higher, agreed as 52% of Southern respondents also felt their classmates should not be allowed to carry �rearms.[13]

“Our generation has been the most a�icted by school shootings, so it makes sense that each generation will align moreand more with liberal policies on gun control,” said Meghan, a sophomore at

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As a result of �nancial concerns and the usual academic pressure of university life, over half of the college students polled cited mental health as a top issue on campus. The American College Health Association reports that 25% of students say anxiety and 16% of students mention depression as a�ecting their academic performance.[iii] During the past 12 months, 85% of students reported feeling overwhelmed by the amount of work they had to do and another 53% said they felt hopeless as a result.[iv] In 2018, only 27% of students sought out professional help but, of the students who did seek this assistance, almost two-thirds said it helped in improving their academic performance.[v][vi]

“Over 40% of new college graduates, on average, are underemployed.” [ii]

[13]

[2]

Duke University. “There’s no need for people to carry guns on campus; the negatives outweigh the positives when considering the mental well-being of every student on campus.”

Almost two-thirds of respondents say they will graduate with student debt.[6] In 2014, there were an estimated 43 million borrowers, with an average of $27,000 in student loans.[viii] In addition to the rising costs of living, many students end up paying about $400 a month towards these loans – a 60% increase since 2005.[ix]

For nearly half of respondents, taking on student debt has a negative e�ect on their initial choice of major and their decisions around a future career path.[7] This debt forces the student to choose a major or career path that will result in the highest possible �nancial return in order to pay o� their loans – not necessarily where the student’s interests may lie.

If they were without the �nancial responsibility of student loan repayments, over half of the students surveyed said they would continue with their studies and earn another degree.[8] It is unsurprising that this is an attractive option for many students, as the Bureau of Labor Statistics

reports graduate school degree-holders as having the lowest rates of unemployment and higher median wages.[x]

As a possible remedy to the growing student debt crisis, two-thirds of students supported signi�cantly reducing the costs of college, or student debt forgiveness in general, in exchange for four years of public service (military, police, education, or government-related roles).[9] Democrat and Republican students alike support reducing the cost of college and a public service for debt forgiveness program, but students are stuck along partisan lines when it came to the issue of whether college should be free for all.[9] Nearly 80% of students who identi�ed as Democrats supported the free college for all proposal, while half of college Republicans opposed the notion.[10]

Nonetheless, students are actively looking for ways to lower their debt levels even as other avenues for aid have stalled or failed completely. For example, more than 99% of those who applied for public service loan forgiveness have been rejected according to the U.S. Department of Education due to various factors ranging from incomplete applications to not meeting the program’s requirements.[xi]

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[9]

[ix]

Although they desire election reform, college students are engaging in theirpolitical futures by voting. Of the 65% who have voted previously, 71% did so in a presidential election, while 54% and 48% voted in local and midterm elections, respectively.[17] Three out of four college students believe their vote actually matters; the optimism about their political futures is strong.[20]

"Our generation is empowered. With how heated politics are, college students feel

like it's their duty to make their voices heard,” said Anaid, a Mount Holyoke College sophomore. “I also think that social media pushes students to vote, as it stresses the importance of all of our individual voices."

Of the more than 1,000 students surveyed, over a third identi�ed as an Independent, 43% as a Democrat, and 18% as a Republican.[29] Despite the fact that the majority self-identi�ed with the two major political parties, 34% of respondents said that they feel neither party re�ects their views.[14]

Martin, a Baruch College senior, commented, “the majority of students agree that we have di�erent socio-political exposures and experiences with regards to topics like the environment, race, and government intervention, which are not being re�ected by politicians today.” Despite a partisan-charged political atmosphere, college students are willing to join the political debate in order to alleviate the issues a�ecting their generation and begin improving the well-being of their fellow students.

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Students optimistic despite political system doubtsDespite having signi�cant concerns about the United States political system, college students have become an increasingly active voter bloc.

With 65% of students voting in previous elections,[17] and 80% intending to vote in the upcoming cycle,[19] the student population will prove to be an important cohort for 2020 candidates.

However, students are not content with the political status quo. Nearly 70% of students polled believe that the two-party system either does not work (40%) or are not sure whether it works or not (29%).[16] Fewer than 30% of respondents noted their belief in the current political system.[16] Additionally, almost 60% of students are in favor of some type of Electoral College reform.[21]

80%

12%

8%

Do you intend on voting in 2020? [19]

Yes

No

Unsure

Total 18-19 20-24 24-34 35+

24%

Have you ever voted before? [17]

65%

46%68% 75%

94%

The gender split among respondents is worth highlighting as only 27% of women agreed that the U.S. was a force for good in the world while half of the men felt the same.[27]

Considering today’s political climate and America’s actions abroad, this split is not surprising; however, when the results are compared to students’ beliefs about the U.S.’ international actions in previous eras then the �ndings are alarming. Roughly half of men (53%) and women (48%) agreed that the U.S. used to be a force for good in international a�airs.[28]

It is clear that issues, both close to home and abroad, weigh heavily on students’ minds. As cited in the previous State of the Student report, mental health, sexual harassment, and campus safety continue

to be top issues on campus. Mental health and sexual harassment stand out as two of the top campus issues for nearly half the student body – only to be topped by the cost of education.[2]

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Societal issues and the gender divide

“Being one of the richest countries in the world, I would

expect our country to be able to provide its citizens with basic

human rights such as accessible healthcare and education.”

“Only 27% of women agreed that the U.S. was a force for

good in the world while half of the men felt the same.”

Although students are optimistic about their political futures and appear ready to embrace their civic duties, they remain divided on the role the United States currently plays within international a�airs. In an almost even split, only 37% of college students believe the U.S. is currently a force for good in the world while 31% feel the country is not a force for good and 33% were unsure.[27]

[27]

“Being one of the richest countries in the world, I would expect our country to be able to provide its citizens with basic human rights such as accessible healthcare and education,” said Celina, a UC Merced senior. “I think it so low for women because men regulate women, speci�cally their rights to their bodies.”

“Far more women are obtaining a graduate school degree than men, yet far more men are in positions of power. Moreover, when women get in a place of power and have an in�uence, it’s di�cult

[27]

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“Far more women are obtaining a graduate school degree than men, yet far more men are in

positions of power.”

for them to bring up other women,” said Celeste, a Brigham Young University master’s student. “While I will never give up hope and to continue speaking out against these injustices, it is nevertheless discouraging to women’s overall perception of the U.S. being a force of good.”

Earlier this year, the college admissions scandal �lled headlines and shocked the general public; however, our research shows that students do not seem to be as surprised about the news as others in society. 1 out of 4 college students polled saw the college admissions process as unfair,[3] with 60% of all students believing

that the process itself favors wealthy applicants.[4]

These unfair advantages do not end at the conclusion of the admissions process, though, as students also see a college’s resources and leadership as a re�ection on favoring certain types of students.

“I feel that low-income, �rst-generation college students like me are sold lies about resources that will be available to them when they arrive at college, and they are not as promoted,” said Celina, aUC Merced senior. “I think a discrepancy exists because people of color – speci�cally �rst-generation students of color – need more on-campus resources than white students. While many schools market resources such as free tutoring and one-on-one counseling with advisors, they often aren’t there or are very di�cult to access.”

The disconnect between the marketed resources and the available resources is a challenging reality for students to face when they are already aware of higher education’s shift away from engaging students with new ideas to prepare them to be contributors to the evolving workforce of the future.

[3]

[4]

Chegg.org is the not-for-pro�t arm of Chegg, serving as an impact, advocacy, and research organization addressing issues facing the modern student.

About Chegg.org

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ConclusionToday’s college students defy stereotypes and are more invested in the political and societal ebbs-and-�ows of daily American life than most would believe. Tasked with grappling the rising costs of living and higher education costs, college students are attempting to �nd a ful�lling career path that will set them up for a �nancially secure future amidst the backdrop of today’s uncertain political and societal environment. Despite a multitude of issues facing them, college students appear ready to make their voices heard. The 2018 midterm elections marked the entrance of the college student voter bloc onto the national stage, and this State of the Student Report shows this generation’s political will is strong and they now, more than ever before, are ready to make an impact on society.

Appendix

[i] DeSilver, Drew. “U.S. Voter Turnout Trails Most Developed Countries.” Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 21 May 2018, www.pewre search.org/fact-tank/2018/05/21/u-s-voter-turnout-trails-most-developed-countries/.[ii] Korn, Melissa. “Some 43% of College Grads Are Underemployed in First Job.” The Wall Street Journal, 26 Oct. 2018, www.wsj.com/articles/study-of fers-new-hope-for-english-majors-1540546200.[iii] American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Fall 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. [iv] American College Health Association[v] Eisenberg, Daniel, et al. The Healthy Minds Study: 2017-2018 Data Report. Healthy Minds, 2018, pp. 10–10, The Healthy Minds Study: 2017-2018 Data Report.[vi] LeViness, Peter, et al. The Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors Annual Survey. The Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors, 2017, p. 11, The Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors Annual Survey.[vii] Bosman, Julie. “Here's the List of School Shootings So Far in 2019.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 9 May 2019, www.ny times.com/2019/05/09/us/school-shootings-2019.html?login=smartlock&auth=login-smartlock.[viii] Brown, Meta, et al. “The Student Loan LandscapeLiberty Street Economics.” Liberty Street Economics, 18 Feb. 2015, libertystreeteconomics.newyork fed.org/2015/02/the_student_loan-landscape.html.[ix] Issa, Natalie. “U.S. Average Student Loan Debt Statistics in 2019.” Credit.com, 19 June 2019, www.credit.com/personal-�nance/average-stu dent-loan-debt/.

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