WP3 first roundtable :Definitions, data sources and data collection methods

about urban goods movement

Lyon, 23rd of September

State of the art of data collection for urban freighttransport in France

Jean-Louis Routhier

Laboratoire d’Economie des TransportsLyon

State of the art of data collection in France

Short historical review

Aims of data collection for urban goods transport ?

A quick description of the main surveys and data bases about goods transport : the French case

A thorough presentation of some specific surveys on UGM

issues, difficulties and lacks of data

Indicators and Some proposals

Short historical review

Face to the evolution of the stakes...

Infrastructures: a leverof economic growth

1975 dévelopment of the highwaysTo favour car use:

Traffic countings for transport cost evaluation

Household trips surveyscounting and »cordon » surveys

Congestion calming with the help of public transport development

Policy makers don ’t take into accounturban goods traffic

Traffic management(congestion)

1985

Trucks are moved from the dense urban areas

No specific urban goods data, no operating modelUntil 1990

…turning to new tools

Towards the sustainable city1990... To integrate land-use and transport systems

Specific Urban goods surveys

To take into account the whole traffic(including urban goods) to assessenvironmental, economic and social impacts of urban transport

1993 : A research programme is launched by the Transport Ministry in order:

- to improve the knowledge about Urban Goods Movement,- to build diagnostic and decision making tools at a local and national level in order to improve the urban goods movement.- to build a legal frame to allow a better decision making towards the urban sustainability,- to help the local authorities and the economic actors to carry out innovating measures and policies by experiments.

Which aim of data collection for urban goods transport ?

Knowledge of the flows for traffic management in the town (short term local decision making)

Decision making for urban planning : traffic calming, Security, economic (trade) dynamics. Knowledge of the actors

involvement(middle term urban planning policy)

Concerns for Environment and sutainabilityGlobal policy: how to change the behaviour of the

decision makers towards a sustainable transport system? Long term policy and laws (decisions at European, national

or regional scale for application at the local level).

Main available data bases in France

UsefulnessRegisters and census- exhaustive counting - weighting of statistics- calibration of models

- Economy and Land Use (INSEE-Ministry of Finance)- Vehicles characteristics ( Ministry of Finance)

Periodical surveys- weighting of statistics- interurban traffic modelling

-Land Transport, TRM (SES - Ministry of Transport)-Countings and Cordon (Local authorities)

Occasional surveys (large)- Large Urban Goods Movement specific surveys

(LET-Transport Ministry)- Shipper surveys (INRETS-Transport Ministry)

- diagnostic (national scale)- urban goods modelling- qualitative/quantitative analyses

“One shot” surveys (small)- diagnostic (local scale)- local decision making- qualitative analyses

- Purchase Surveys “Sortie de caisse”- Quarter survey, - reserved parking survey, - e-commerce survey, - embarked surveys...

Registers and census Land Use registers

SIRENE (INSEE) firms and establishments register :A good knowledge of the economic and land use data :An exhaustive and fine spatial data base of premises

But : - a significant activity is poorly known : warehouses and plate forms

An exhaustive and fine spatial data base of premises In the whole France,NACE (EU Codes)Periodical updating, easy access

- the number of employee are not well known(especially for public services)- the premise’s activity may be false

New buildings with its surface (on soil and built), planned activity,…But : - only a building flow time serie: the current stock is not available

- the real current owner and activity is unknown.

Building licence register (DDE) : Warehouses and factories

Registers and census vehicles registers

Commercial vehicle fleet licensing data (Local Administration)

-Good knowledge of the stock per types of vehicles-Periodical updating, annual -Each truck (>=3.5 T) is registered -Since 2001, each van (<3.5T) must be registered -Easy access, at the scale of the town

But : - difficult to have an assessment of the urban moving park- difficult to have an assessment of the part of goods moving

- a minority of vans are still not registered- difficulty to have the part of private and professional use

Vehicle Periodical surveys

SITRAM (SES-Transport Ministry) annual survey :

A good knowledge of the goods traffic at the interregional, nationaland international scale : time series of Tons, TK, vehicles,according to the 3 modes:- Road: survey (average weighting : One for 300 vehicles) -TRM- Train: exhaustive (SNCF),- Ports and rivers: exhaustiveyearly results.

But: - no informations about the short distance trips (less than 50 km)- difficult to have reliable data at a local level (above departement)

Vehicle Periodical surveys

Light vehicles: VUL (SES- Transport Ministry) survey

A representative light commercial vehicles survey at the national scale(a stratified sampling of 13000 questionnaires every 5 years)A good knowledge of the commercial <3.5 t. vehiclesA good knowledge of the breakdown between goods transportand other uses.

But: - no information about type of goods and weights- an imprecise knowledge of the urban useof the goods transport by light vehicles

Urban trips Periodical surveys

Household trip surveys :

- generation of individual tripsfor purchasing (car traffic versus other modes)- Carried out each 10 years in the main big French towns

But - no information about the urban goods trips generation- the trips for purchase are not well known (Saturday?),- the type of retail store, the type of good are unknown- the weighting of the O/D (on the household number)does not fit with the trade activity.

Occasional surveys (large)

Large UGM specific surveys (DRAST - Transport Ministry)

A joint survey and modelling approach

Towards premises (4500) Towards drivers (2200)

1995-1997: Carried out quite 10 years ago in three French towns

Aim : - to have a good knowledge of the Urban Goods Movement- to carry out a diagnosis - to build a model- to provide a software for decision making helptowards the local authorities

Large UGM specific surveys (DRAST - Transport Ministry)

Intermediate goodsindustry

Logistics(Consolidation - breakdown)

CONSUMERS

Consumer goodsProcessing industry

Waste collection Retail

small supermarkets

Wholesale

Dense urbanarea

Working sitesNetwork management

abroad

Outskirts

Waste processing

Urban freight transport : which definition?

Purchase

Pick-ups/ deliveries

Urbanmanagement

Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports, Lyon

Large UGM specific surveys (DRAST - Transport Ministry)

How to take into account the whole urban goods transport?

To survey all the freight generators

To measure all the input, output and inner goods traffic in the Town

Pick-ups and deliveries

Trips for purchase

3 main fields

Urban management flows

- UGM surveys

- Householdsurveys

- Specificstudies

Large UGM specific surveys

Deliveries/Pick-ups

area : the town and the suburbs

Observation unit : pick-up or delivery

Survey nearby the premises (goods flows generators)

Survey nearby the drivers (from direct trip to complex round)

any type of pick-up or delivery (from one-parcel to full lorry)

Main Results : logistic behavour is not much dependant of the city

Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports, Lyon

Large UGM Surveys : A joint survey and modelling approach

Deliveries/Pick-ups

Two surveys linking the logistic of the firms (variety of goods and activity of each premise) with the urban transport organisation Observation unit :

the « movement » : delivery/pick-up

Establishment survey Driver survey

Generation of the deliveriesType of good,Activity and environmentof the premise

Type of vehicle,Type of run (round, direct trip)Who is working? (o.a. vs f.h.),...

Traffic and parking timeGeneration per zone

Large UGM Surveys : A joint survey and modelling approachTwo coupled large scale surveys: Towards business establishments (premises):Content : description of the deliveries and pick-ups in a daily log book and of the characteristics and the environment of the premises.

• 4,500 establishments (premises)• 11,500 types of deliveries and pick ups (a week)• 10,000 types of parcels

Towards drivers:Content : description of the movement of the goods and the conditions of pick-ups and delivery of the surveyed establishments

. 2,200 runs

•14,000 stops

- direct trips and rounds- for hire and in own account- with several types of vehicles- loaded and empty trips

Some results of quantitative surveys:a better knowledge of Urban Goods Movement

From 15% to 25 % of véhicules*km (car unit according to the vehicle size).

From 9% to 15% of vehicles trips

From 13% to 20 % of véhicules*km

Urban management (building sites, networks maintenance, wastecollection, removals…)

Deliveries and Pick-ups (total premises):

Purchasing trips (by car):

The components of the UGM (number vehicles*km)

The share of Urban Freight Traffic in the total traffic

Laboratoire d ’Economie des Transports, Lyon

40% (vk car unit) 24%(vk)

50% (vk car unit)

7% (vk)

69% (vk)

10% (vk car unit)

Some results of quantitative surveys:

Urban Transport Environnemental balance

Greenhouse effects : CO2 emissionfrom 3.1 to 4.4 Kg/inhabitant/day

Share of goods transport in Marseille :deliveries/pick-ups

and urban management : 16 %trips for purchasing : 13 %

Share of goods in pollutant emissions

13 %CO

37%NOx

16 %HC

33%SO2

48%particules

27%CO2

Energy Consumption of Urban transport:from 1 to 1.4 Kgep/inhabitant/day

Source : LET-Aria Technologie, Bilan Marseille, 2000

Energy Consumption of Urban goodstransport: about 20% of the motorized traffic

Other Large Occasional surveys

Total supply chain monitoring surveys 1

1988 / 2002 : two shipper surveys on the total Supply chain (INRETS)

Follow up of the sending from the production to the retailer

Face to face interview of more than 3000 shippers (among 78,000)for 39 types of activity (production, manufacturing)

Follow up of about 10,000 sendings

observation level :Transport : goods and vehicles

field : activities, logistics and transport

transport Modes : train, road, sea-waterways, air, …

Unit of measurement : tons, ton*km, vehicles trips, veh*km,...The survey was designed to calculate energy consumption

The analyse of this survey is in progress

May be used for urban modelling (but not yet)

Other Large Occasional surveys

“Cash desk survey” : nb of trips for purchase (car or other)

Survey nearby the purchasers

Different stores (large distribution, franchise agreements, small shops)

Sampling: from 100 to 500 purchaser each store

Main Results : modal shift and length of trips for purchase

“E-commerce” and home deliveries surveys

Main Results : new emerging behaviour of consumingnew logistic organisations

May be used for modelling (but not yet)

“One shot” (small) surveys

District surveysAim: a fine local observation of the deliveries and pick-

ups to help authorities for local measures

Reserved parking places counting in ParisAim: a diagnostic of the space assigned to the loading and unloading

Bus embarked survey in Paris

Aim: public transport congestion and bottle necks generated by urban goods movements

Local Qualitative surveys

Aim: to have a better understanding of the practices (role of actors,

Cannot be generalised. Not used for modelling

Main lacks of UGM data collection in France

Lack of data about non road urban transport (rail, air, river) Lack of quantitative data about of the home deliveries

Lack of knowledge of the real costs of urban freight transport

Lack of knowledge of the real activity of the warehouses (breakdown of the urban/interurban vehicle flows)

Lack of data about urban management flows :- road works and building works, - networks management,- movings (private or professional)

Lack of data about the behaviour of the consumers about purchasing habits.

Many commercial data are not available (confidentiality)

No updating of the large UGM specific surveys (10 years old)

Available indicators

Density of activity (number of jobs per zone in each activity)

Number of deliveries and pick-ups per activity per job in a zonePart of own account and third part per activity

Density of deliveries (number of deliveries and pick-ups per zone) Number of vehicle.km generated by each zone

(acc. to the type of vehicle)

Number of private car trips for purchase per zone

Number of car trips for purchase+Number of goods deliveries per zone

Number of hours of on road parking for delivery per zone (acc. to the type of vehicle)

CO2, NOx, Particules emissions by the goods urban transport,per inhabitant, per job

Some proposals

To promote qualitative data collection : stated preference surveys on the current changing factors :

- congestion charging, - e-commerce, new technologies, new vehicles, - incentive regulation,- cooperative organisation, …

To try to assess the effect of the gobal market on the city logistics

To use “modelised” data in order to avoid to carry out expensive surveys in each town

To obtain data about the effect of the location of the plateformson the urban logistics

Thank you for your attention

Transport-marchandises-en-ville.orgDocapolis.com