STATE MARKETING BUREAU - DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE N-S,W

SUED BY AUTHORITY OF THE MINISTER FOR AGRICULTURE AND PREPARE[

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE DIRECTOR OF MARKETING, SYDNEY,

Vol. 2

MARCH, 1938. No, 3

Page

Marketing at ion - Notes on 279

Banana In.stry - Development in New South Wales of so

Onions - Possibility of increasing production in New South Wales 00

Stock Sales at Itomebush

Farm Produce - Sales of so

Fruit and Vegetables - Trading at City Markets .. of

Fruit and Ve8•:ab1es - Imports into New South Wales .. .

Commodity Prices in Sydney Graph all 06 06

Article,-. or other matter appearing herein be reproduced subject to due acknOwledgrn

I be ing ma the source.

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282

285

288

291

295

298 299 300

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MONTHLY MARKETING REV YEW.

A miscellany of matters relating to the marketing of primary products, at home and abroad.

Released during the second week of each month. Issued by authority of the Minister for Agriculture

and prepared under the direction of the Director of Marketing, in the State Marketing Bureau, Department of Agriculture,

New South Wales, Australia.

NOTES ON MARKETING ORGANISATION.

VI.

Canadian Provincial Marketing Boards.

The writer of these Notes is indebted to L.R. Macgregor,ESq., Australian Trade Commissioner in Canada, to whom he wrote in September last for up-to-date information regarding, particularly, the position of Canadian Provincial Marketing Boards following the Privy Council's pronouncement of January, 1937, upon the validity of the Dominion of Canada's legislation embodied in the Natural Products Marketing Act, 1934, and its amendment of 1935. That pronouncement and the Dominion legislation mentioned are reviewed in last month's instalment of this series of Notes.

After the judgment of the Privy Council agreeing with the decision of the Supreme Court of Canada that the Dominion Natural Products Marketing Acts are ultra vires of the Parliament of Canada, the Boards set up under those Acts, Mr. Macgregor wrote, either ceased functioning, or continued with somewhat limited powers under provincial legislation.

The Trade Commissioner supplied the particulars of Marketing Boards operating in September last in Ontario, British Columbia and New Brunswick and these are set forth in the notes which follow.

Marketing schemes in the Province of Ontario are set up under the authority of the Ontario Farm products Control Acb.

Ontario Cheese Producers' Marketing Board: Objectives:-

1. To require, subject to certain exemptions, the original sale of all cheddar cheese in Ontario to be made on local cheese boards under uniform rules and regulations for the purpose of stimulating free and open competition in cheese buying; /2

4 -

2. To require the deduction of a toll or charge of 5 cents per hundred pounds on cheese sold to maintain the office and cover the incidental expenses of the local board and to enable the Ontario Cheese Producers' Association (the appointed agency of the local board) to maintain a commercial representative in the British market to promote a better demand at higher prices for Ontario cheese exported and to open up alternative channels of direct cheese export from Ontario cheese factories to Old Country markets.

Ontario Peach Growers' Marketing for Processing Scheme:

As its title indicates, this scheme is a simple collective bargaining arrangement covering peaches produced in the Province and sold to canners, jam manufacturers and other processors. No regulation of peaches sold on the fresh fruit market, or at retail, or to the consumer is involved.

At the request of a substantial majority of the growers a local board known as the Ontario Peach Growers' Marketing Board was established under the authority of the Farm Products Control Act and the Ontario Peach Growers' Co-operative Association was appoln.tedJ the agency for the local board through which all peaches for processing are required to be sold.

Provision was made in the scheme for the appointment of a number of sub-agents, known as sales units, under the agency through whom all the incidental commercial transactions of selling, contracting, delivery, grading, etc., of all peaches sold to, or bought by, all processors are handled.

All processors of peaches and all buyers of peaches are required to be licensed under the scheme. Provision was also made for the establishment of a Negotiating Committee comprised of three growers and three licensed processors which was empowered to negotiate and fix agreements respecting the form of contract, conditions of sale, minimum prices and fulfilment of contracts. Such agreements, conditions and prices are then binding on every buyer and processor of peaches in the Province. Provision for arbitration whose decision is final and binding was also made in the event the Negotiating Committee should fail to arrive at an agreement in any matter.

Holland Marsh Vetable Gro'ers I eing Scheme: Ontario:-

This was an organised effort by the vegetable and market garden growers of a defined area of three townships (with certain exemptions) in the Holland Marsh district to provide a central marketing scheme for all the vegetable crops of any variety or grade produced within the defined area.

The authorisation of the scheme established the Holland Marsh Vegetable Growers' Marketing Board and the Holland Marsh

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Growers' Co-operative Association was appointed, the agency to handle the marketing to all buyers, who were required to be licensed, of the vegetable crops under control.

Due to factors, some of which were not connected with the scheme or its aims and objects, grower approval to the plan was withdrawn and the powers of the Farm Products Control Act were rescinded by the Board on request on September 2nd, 19370

South Essex Fruit & Vegetable Growers' Marketing Scheme: Ontario: I This scheme, for purposes of this review, was practically

identical with the Holland Marsh Vegetable Growers' Marketing Scheme.

Because difficulties developed concerning the Dominion Fruit Vegetable and Honey Act and the Ontario Grades and Sales Act which, combined, made possible compulsory grading and inspection regulations for fruit and vegetables in defined areas, the South Essex Fruit & Vegetable Growers' Marketing Scheme was never enforced by the local board. It was the desire of the South Essex growers' organisation concerned to have the compulsory grading and inspection regulation in force before the marketing scheme was undertaken. Since these regulations were not available for the 1937 crop the marketing scheme was dropped for the time being.

British Columbia:

Under the "Natural Products Marketing (British Columbia) Act" the following industries have adopted marketing schemes, viz.:-

Salt Fish Halibut Marketing Tree Fruit Marketing Milk Marketing (Lower Mainland of B.C.) Hothouse Tomato and Cucumber Marketing. B.C. Coast Vegetable Scheme B.C. Interior Vegetable Scheme.

By reason of the Dominion Marketing Act having been declared ultra vires the sections of the British Columbia Act which refer to the Dominion Act and the Dominion Marketing Board are now of no effect.

The British Columbia Act is a regulating Act and does not, as do the Marketing Acts of the United Kingdom and cert.1rL of the Australian States, vest in the marketing boards exclusive authority to market a commodity. Several of the Provincial Boards have, however, designated a single marketing agency and in a fc': cases these agencies have been created by the boards. Most of the boards have designated as their agencies firms which were engaged in marketing the affected products before regulation became effective.

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New Brunswick: IN-

The following information has been supplied by the Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Fredericton, New Brunswick:

For the past two years there has been in operation in this Province an Act respecting dairy products which deals with regulating the selling of whole milk and cream for human consumption and is administered by a Board of three appointed by the Minister of Agriculture. This Milk Control Board has been very successful in ironing out a great many difficulties which previously existed in the sale of milk and cream and as a result the producers in the Province are receiving considerably more for their product and the consumers have had to pay very little more. This situation was brought about to a large extent by the elimination of undue spreads, etc. Furthermore, I believe the consumer is receiving a higher class product due to the regulations. Milk dealers no longer can compete for business on a price cutting policy but to increase their sales they have to do it practically altogether on quality of article and service basis.

In addition to the above there was passed at the last session of the Provincial Legislature an Act respecting the control of natural products. To date only one product has come under this Act, namely, the Grand Manan smoked herring plan. This product was previously operated under the Federal Natural Products legislation but with this being declared unconstitutional in February, 1937, we immediately applied to the Provincial Legislature for the necessary legislation.

The smoked herring plan has worked Out very satisfactorily to date with fully 90 to 95 per cent. of the producers of this product strongly supporting the marketing plan and to date we have not had to resort to legal measures to force the small minority to obey the rulings of the Marketing Board."

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In a recent report regarding the market for apples in Egypt, the Australian Trade Commissioner in Cairo states that American apples have had a good market in Palestine this season and a considerable quantity will be held in cold storage which is available in well-equipped establishments at Haifa, Jaffa, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. In Palestine, as in Egypt, the demand is for Granny Smith and Delicious.

The chief criticism which one hears in Egypt and Palestine, with regard to Australian apples, apart from the fact that they are not shipped in refrigerated space, is that the importer wants fruit not boxes and that the Australian pack does not weigh as well as the American. In other words, one must give more fruit, without more than reasonable damage. The Americans are improving on their pack in Palestine by the use of cleats on their boxes.

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TIM, DEVELOP,-ENT OF THE BANANA INDUSTRY OF NE SOUTH WALES AND THE OPEA?I0NS OF THE BANANA MARKETING BOARD.

The history of the banana industry of New South Vales is a very interesting and fascinating one. From modest beginnings the area under this fruit prior to the outbreak of 'bunchy top' disease reached its peak in 1922 when 5,466 acres were planted. Owing to the ravages of 'bunchy top' many of the plantations were destroyed, and the area under cultivation fell to 1,504 acres by 1925. Investigations proved the disease to be caused by a virus which was transmitted from diseased to healthy plants by the banana aphis. Control measures were formulated and in 1927 a campaign for the control of the disease was corrLrnenced, the result of which, by the co-operation of growers with the Department of Agriculture's officers, has exceeded all expectations.

It is to the credit of the Banana Growers' Federation and the great majority of banana growers that they supported the Department wholeheartedly in this campaign which was essentially drastic. A notable example of this spirit of self-help is to be found in the action taken by the Federation to secure funds from its members to meet the salaries and travelling expenses of three additional 'Bunchy Top' Inspectors. An amount of approximately £6,000 was provided for this purpose over a period of years and the industry is entitled to the highest praise for this voluntary contribution to a difficult problem.

The industry having been placed on a more satisfactory footing as a result of the action taken to control 'bunchy top', plantings and production began to increase at a rapid rate as illustrated by the following figures:-

Year Area Production Farm Value acres cases £

1925 1,504 60 0 763 47,090 1930 3,340 117,120 107,840

1931 41 959 216,756 139,090 (1932 71127 3435 427 181,730

Year (1933 11,275 533) 560 326 2 810 ended (1934 17,438 691,627 340,050 31st (1935 16,072 993,165 306,220

March (1936 13,029 12 006 0 116 31,l80 (1937 13,573 1,009,626 563,700

Such a huge increase in the quantity of bananas available for disposal naturally brought with it attendant marketing problems - and prices commenced to decline. In view of the very considerable decrease in values of bananas in 1934 and 1935 it became patent to the banana growers that in order to make banana-growing a conimercia1 proposition, action would have to be taken to organise the marketing

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side of their operations. Apparently representative growers considered that the machinery provided by the Marketing of Primary products Act offered the best means of achieving the desired end and a petition was presented asking for a ballot to be taken on the question of establishing a Banana Marketing Board. A poll of growers was held on 29th June, 1935, and this resulted in an affirmative vote being recorded. The Banana Marketing Board was,

therefore, constituted as from 9th August, 1935, and comprises 7 members, five of whom were elected by the growers and two Government nominees,

It should here be emphasised that Boards created under the Marketing of Primary Products Act are not Government Boards and that, whilst the Government through the State Marketing Bureau and the Auditor-General exercises supervision over their activities to ensure that the provisions of the Act are adhered to, the domestic affairs of the Boards and the control and disposal of the products concerned are entirely in the hands of the Board members. The difficulties confronting any new Marketing Board can well be imagined and these are not lessened when the product to be handled is a perishable commodity like bananas.

Although the Banana Marketing Board has only been in existence for a period of two years and seven months, it has during that comparatively short space of time achieved considerable success. The head office of the Board is situated at Murwillurnbah In the centre of the banana growing area. In addition there is a Sydney branch office which was established in June, 1936, in order to supervise marketing. This office attends to the disposal of bananas on the Sydney, Newcastle, Melbourne, Adelaide and Tasmanian markets. The Board utilises the services of 28 authorised agents in Sydney and six in Newcastle who are paid commission at the rate of 7 %. From the outset of its operations the Board has endeavoured to safeguard the interests of the consumer as well as that of the producer and in this regard particular attention has been paid to giving the consumer an improved product. Shortly after assuming office, close inspection convinced the Board that the quality of the bananas made available was not as good as it should be, particularly in country centres, and that greater quantities would be sold if the business were better organised in respect of quality, supplies and prices. In connection with the question of quality, the principal factor was that, whilst there were some efficient ripening plants, the capacity of these was not adequate and the Board was forced to the conclusion that the situation as regards ripening would not be substantially improved until it supplemented existing ripening chambers commencing with the very Important centre of Lismore. Early last year arrangements were made by the Board for the provision of ripening facilities at Lismore at a cost of approximately £1,000. Arrangements were also made to utilise existing ripening rooms at Coffs Harbour under arrangements with the owners. At the same time the Board felt that a plant embodying the system of ripening recommended by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (whose recommendations are Supported by the Department of Agriculture) was essential at the Sydney end, If the interests of the producer were to be protected.

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After much thought and considerable negotiation, it was decided to erect a modern ripening plant in the City Municipal Markets and this decision has now been put into practical effect. The expenditure involved was approximately £7,000 nc1 the Board is now utilising the facilities provided. The action taken in this direction should be of great value, not only to the Board itself but also to shopkeepers who sell fruit and to the general public, as the Board will be bettor able to regulate the supply of bananas of satisfactory quality and condition.

Another instance of the pro-gressive spirit shown by the Board members lies in the opening up of a receiving depot, selling agency and small ripening plant in Hobart. The outlay involved is comparatively small, viz., about £300, but should results warrant it, more extensive ripening facilities will be installed later on. It is not desired to spend any more than is necessary at this stage to test the possibilities of improved trade.

If reference is made to the statistics relating to the activities of the Board it will be found that during the 1936/37 pool period which ended on 30th June last the Board handled on consignment, including Lismore stocks, 574,968 cases of bananas which realised a gross sum of £409,827.5.9. The actual return to growers after deducting ripening charges, commission, cartage, freight, etc., was £294,911.19.8, equal to 10/3.1d per case.

It is gratifying to note from the Auditor General's report that the Board's operations for the year resulted in a surplus of £5,068.1.7 made up as follows:-

Sydney 000 £4,702.11.7

Murw illumbah

210. 5.4 Lismore 00*

155. 4.8

£5J 063. 1.7

The report also indicates that as from 1st June, 1936, all agents were required to pay to the Board from their remuneration a service charge of 3d per case. This service charge more than meets the expense of the Sydney branch office.

It should be mentioned that while all bananas grown in New South Wales and intended for sale within the State are controlled by the Banana Marketing Board, local growers who desire to send their fruit to other States may do so without consigning to the Board in view of the provisions of the Commonwealth Constitution which provide that trade between the States must be absolutely free. As a consequence growers may, if they so desire, make their own sales to interstate markets and a considerable quantity of bananas is sold through the Banana Growers' Co-operative Ltd. to the Melbourne and Adelaide markets on behalf of producers. The closest co-operation exists between the Banana Marketing Board and the Society referred to.

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The latest available figures obtained by the Government Statistician, viz., for the year ended Zl/3/1937, show that there are 1,750 banana holdings of 1 acre and upwards. This, however, does not represent the total of those engaged in the industry.

At the ballot held in June, 1935, on the question of the establishment of a Banana Msrketing Board the total number of those enrolled was 2,351. This included those engaged in banana growing on shares, sons and daughters of 21 years of age and over of producers and parties to partnership agreements. In addition there is a considerable number employed on plantations.

Another feature of interest is that the amount paid last year in Railway freights on bananas consigned to Sydney alone was approximately P,25,000.

Apare from the importance of the fact that the industry affords a living to some thousands of owners and employees It fulfils a very useful part in the economy of the State in that It brings into profitable use lands which, in many instances, would be unsuitable for other forms of production and, at the same time, is Instrumental in retaining money within the State which would otherwise go elsewhere in payment of bananas imported from outside sources.

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PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IiDUSTX.

In the following extract from A Message from the Minister for Agriculture" published in the British Agriculture Number of the London "Times" of 1st February, 1936, a familiar comparison of interests Is very aptly made:-

H .much has been done to secure a better balance In our economic life between the interests of agriculture and of industry. These interests are complementary and not conflicting, for the welfare of one million people engaged on producing goods worth some £250,000,000 per annum cannot fail to be of the greatest Importance to the Industrialist seeking a market.

"Similarly, better times in the towns mean better markets for the farmer, as Is shown by the welcome Increase in the consumption of liquid milk and the substantial improvement which has taken place in the demand for other farm products ...........'

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THE POSSIBILITY OF INCREASED ONION PRODUCTION IN NEW SOUTH WALES.

Before considering the question of devoting larger areas to the cultivation and production of onions in Now South Wales along commercial lines, it is of interest to review tho pøitiOfl in regard to this crop over the ten year period 1926/27 to 1935/36 in so far as this State is concornod. It should clearly be understood that figures relating to production of onions in market and vegetable gardens arc not recorded, the Government Statistician confining his collections to areas of 1 acre and upwards; nevertheless, the figuros available form quite a reliable basis of comparison According to the Statistical Register issued from the Bureau of Statistics during the 1926/27 season 799 tons of onions wore produced from an area of 226 acres, but subsequent seasons showed a steady decline of the acreage sown and production of onions docroasod each year until the 1931/32 season, when it reached the low level of 81 acres from which 231 tons of onions wore obtained. During the following year the acreage sown increased to 209 acres yielding 647 tons of onions representing the highest level both as to acreage and production since the 1926/27 soason Figures for later years show that the increase in production was not sustained, and that a steady decline ag,ain occurred, the latest figures available being for the year 1935/36, when 81 acres sown to onions yielded 231 tons. The production of onions in New South Wales falls far short of requirements and to make up the pronounced deficiency in local supplies large quantities arc imported annually, principally from Victoria and to a lesser degree from Quccnsland and the other States. Imports into Now South Vktics from interstate sources during the year ended 30th Juno, 1936, totalled 17,976 tons of which Victoria supplied 14,931 tons, Queensland 2,911 tons and other States 134 tons.

It is evident that with a consumption of approximately 18,300 tons of onions each year and an average production over the quinquonnium 1931/32 to 1935/36 of only 374 torts per annum that there is justification for a groat expansion of onion-growing in Now South Wa1o3 that Is assuming that sufficient country suitable for onion-culture Is to be found thorcin

The chief centres of production at this stage arc the Hunter River district and Bathurst, Wellington, Dubbo and GI1gandra Onions are also grown in other parts of the State, but not to such an extent as in those districts previously mentioned; those other localities include Ben Lomond, Goulburn, Narrabri, the Murrumbidgcc Irrigation Area, Bran.xton, Iviolong and Canovindra. The crop has a fairly wide climatic and soil rano and will Withstand low temperatures without serious injury but intcno heat or hot dry winds will occasionally cause damago The Ideal combination Is mild weather and a dark friable sandy learn well Supplied with organic matter, while black and rod volcanic soils

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also give good results. An important requirement is a plentiful supply of water until the plant approaches maturity when the soil must be dried out by proper drainage. The conditions essential to succcssful onion growing are to be found in many parts of the State apart from those previously montionod, such as the Tablolands, and considerable areas in the west whore irrigat-ion facilities are available. Even as far west as Menindie on the Darling River profitable results arc being obtained on a small scale. In addition, early crops can be satisfactorily grown on sandy oil with a fairly heavy and reliable rainfall as is experienced in our coastal districts provided liberal dressings of farmyard manures and artificial fortilisors arc applied. On parts of the South Coast onions have boon cultivated, particularly at llilton,and have given good results. Other coastal areas possessing similar climatic conditions and soils off cr possibilities for planting increased areas and should prove adaptable to ccmmcreial production. It is recognised that some varieties arc more suitod to some districts than others but generally an extension should be confincd to early and main crops.

Prices for onions fluctuate very considerably, at times reaching very high levels and at other periods falling to a comparatively low figure, but, taken as a whole, those obtained generally net a reasonable return to the growers. The fact, however, that onions take from six to nine months to mature may be somewhat of a deterrent to growers, who may feel they are bettor paid by using their ground and sowing crops which mature quicker and enable them to make more use of the ground. Figures show that during the year 1935/36 Victoria produced 26,143 tons out of a total yield for the whole of Australia of 35,139 tons.

The following tc.blo prepared from statistics collected by the State Marketing Bureau and the Now South Waics Statistical Register gives particulars of the production, imports, exports and apparent consumption of onions in New South Walcs:"

Particulars QUANTITY

19,32Z,33 I_ 13/34 1934/5 193576 cwt. cwt. cwt. - cwt.

odu 01 - 12,940 944O 5,780 4,620

Imports Overseas: New Zealand 26 - - 736 Japan 24,664 - - - United States 22,155 227 - 19 657 Other Countries 144 - 220 50

Imports - Interstate 254,350 359,105 - 346,688 359,514 -

30l,347 358,332 346,908 361,957 Total in -

11,.9_ yoa_

23,740 43,544 331,894

Excess Imports 289,365 334,592 303,364 328,063

0°flsumptlon: Aanount apparently COnsumed in N.S.V. 302,305 344pO32 309,144 3321 683

/Figuros.

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States are not available but are almost negligible and would not materially affect the position.

It might be mentioned that the apparent annual consumption of onions in Now South Wa10 from 1931/32 to 1935/36 was 15,917 tons.

Victorian competition on the Now South Walos market is very intcnivc during the period February to October when heavy arrivals from that Stato have a depreciating affect on values, but growers in New South Wales havo received very satisfactory returns ovor the past f cv; years for good quality crops, marketed during the period October to January.

In vio'i of the foregoing it is difficult to understand why the onion industry has not made greater progress and the production of onions may 'be well worth consideration by many landholders resident in suitable localities and possessing the required types of 3011.

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GROSS VALUE OF PRODUCTION IN RURAL nmuSTIEs.

The value of rural production in New South Wales is shown in the following table of statistics recently issued by the Government Statistician which reveals a substantial increase during 1936/37 as compared with the previous three years:-

Dairying Year Pastoral Agricultural and Farm 70t al

yard.

£ Million £ I4111ion £ .1i1lIOn £ Ii11ion

1928-29 40.7 4-~

1 19.4 14,5 74.6

1933-34 34.7 14.3 11.7 60.7

193435 23.9 15.2 12.9 52.0

1935-36 33.6 16.8 14.1 54.5

1936-37 X 41.0 21.0 14.0 76.0

x. Preliminary ostimato. __-0000oo0

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QUALITY STOCK SCARCE MTD YARDINGS LIGHT AT HOBUSH SALEYARDS, SYDNEY.

The sheep markot was somewhat lightly supplied throughout February, the heaviest yarding on any saloday being in the vicinity of 40,000 head. Actual figures show that the offering was 161,448 sheep and 93,536 lambs, making a total of 254,984, or about 97,000 less than the previous month. Comparison with the yardings for the corresponding month of 1936 and 1937, when the respective totals were 204,995 and 319,222 head, reveals that this year supplic3 have boon much lower than in 1937 but considerably in excess of those in 1936.

Seasonal conditions always play a prominent part in the supply of mutton and lamb. A large section of the pastoral industry has experienced a difficult period in regard to food and water, but a measure of relief was afforded during Fobruary by good falls of rain in some of the sheep raising districts; as a result, ovrnors of livestock in areas so favoured will be ablo to hold back larger numbers of sheep for finishing off or to secure tho wool clip before marketing ai fats, thus partly accounting for the recent reduced truckings o Homohush.

A large proportion of the wothor and owes marketed wore only of fair quality and in addition quite a number of plain and aged sheep was sold. There was a comparatively light offering of good trade and export lines; novortholoss some very nice lots of sheep wore available. In this regard it should not be overlooked that there was an improvement in the general quality during the latter part of February.

The market throughout was somewhat irregular. Several incroasOs and decreases of from 1/- to 2/- per head took place, some of which wore difficult to follow; mostly, however, those could be attributed to the variations In the numbers yarded and the clearances of mutton in the wholesale trade. In some instances falling skin values wore responsible for an incroaso In the cost of mutton to the wholesale trade. Although the class of sheep on offer was not conducive to high price levels, some very satisfactory clearances were effected, the host price for wothers being 28/- and owes to 24/- per head. In each casa, the sheep wore vory prime and wore the subject of spirited and active competition. On an average, however, the bettor typo of wethors ranged from i/- to 20/-or head, according to weight and skin values, and owes from 14/- to 17/- per head. Other grades 'yore sold at relatively lower rates, some lines of very plain sheep making little more than skin valuos.

Although best wether mutton reached 4*d per lb., the same class of sheep could be obtained towards the end of February for 3d per lb., while on the closing sales buyers wore forcod to pay 3-d per lb. for the same mutton. Ewes also made to 4d per lb. on the hoof but, as was the case with wethers, rates fluctuated, dropIng to 3d per lb. at one stage, and subsequently returning to 3d per lb. /Thc 4*60

The quality of the suckers, lambs and hoggots throughout was on the average better than that of the grown sheep, the proportion of plain sorts not being nearly 30 high. Smo outstanding pens of lambs wore yarded, several drafts of Southdown Crossbred Suckers being very choice and showing up to advantage, both as to finish and price realised. Amonost the older lambs, some of the best were prirnc weighty Bordor Loicostor Crossbred lambs. In addition, there was a moderate supply of fair to goad trade lambs and hoggots, as woll as a fair nunbor of plain sorts.

The market for lambs was not nearly as irregular as that for grown sheep and was definitely bettor than during the preceding month. Some of the best sucker lambs sold reached the high price of 7d per lb., while for the first part of the period 7d to 7*d par lb. was general; other grades of suckers sold at from 6d. to 6d per lb., while old lambs cost from 5d to 6*cl per lb., according to weight and quality with a few sales of mixed pens including both lambs and hoggots at 4d. per lb. Fair to plain lambs wore disposed of at correspondingly lower lovols, having duo regard, of course, to weight and skin values,

During the month the very satisfactory price of 28/ per head was reached for a pen of prime heavy crossbred lambs but prices mostly ranged. from 20/- to 26/- por head for good trade and export lambs .6.nd suckor, with fair to plain lambs selling from as low as 8/- per head.

Quito a few suitable drafts of sheep and lambs were secured by rostockcrs at very reasonable rates.

The skin market has not shown any improvement as yet, but, in view of the better tone prevailing in tho wool trade, values may hardon in the near future.

Despite the fluctuations experienced, compotition amongst buyers was at all times active and the ultiiate return to the grazior generally could be lookod upon as satisfactory.

Lighter supplies of cattle were available, approximately 25,000 head being auctioned. There was, however, no proportionate decrease in the number of bulls and stores sold; in fact, with a total of 3,629, the percentage was even groator than during recent months. The pastoral outlook in some centres is showing a slight improvement, notably on the Northern and Southern Tablolands, and, no doubt, certain owners are withholding stock, thus accounting in some degree for the smaller arrivals at Homebush.

The general quality of the cattle offered still remains far below the standard expected of an important fat stock market, the greater portion being about storoconditiofl, with a very small representation of good to prime sorts. Consinmonts from coastal districts wore received at various times during the period and Included fair numbers of really good cattle; had those not been available, prime beef would have boon practically unobtainablo.

/aong . 0 0 6

Among the bullocks und steers yarded were occasional lots of heavy description in fair to good condition, but by far the greater part was of light to medium weight. This has boon tho case over a fairly long period, owners probably finding the smaller beast the best paying proposition. Certainly it is true enough that the heavior typos onjoy only a limited market. Forming portion of the supplies from the Coastal districts previously referred to was a line of about 150 bullocks and steers, the top price for the bullocks being £13.5.0 per head, while the steers realised to £9.18.0 per head; the dressed weight equivalents worO 35/- to 3/-per 100 lbs. for the bullocks, and apprOximately 39/- for the steers.

On onO saloday an unusually large nunbor of Black Polls was in evidence; a draft of about the best of those, weighing 650 lbs. made 35/- por 100 lbs. of beef, a very satisfactory price for that partioular day. Earlier in the period a notable run of about 50 light Hereford teors, ostimatod to dross from 370 to 420 lb., was iorth 40/- per 100 lbs. on the hoof. Several other outstanding salo3 wore noticed whore dressed weight values would closely approximato those quoted, but they represented the good quality stock only. Rates for fair to good trade descriptions were mostly from 2/- to 4/- lowor, with plain and inferior sorts showing proportionately greater decreases.

Throughout the month considerable numbers of local dairy cows wore noticed, together with fair supplies of beef broods in very poor condition. The position, however, was relieved somcl.ihut by occasional lots of both cows and hoifors showing brooding and quality. Sales for quality lines wore for the most part affected at satisfactory rates, hoifors at times sollingparticularly well; on one occasion a run of about 30 sold to £11.8.0 par head and averaged £9.3.3.

Vealors and yearlings were alriost without exception in rather short supply; especially would this apply in the case of good to prime descriptions. On the majority of suledays a moderato showing of fair to good trade linos was in evidence but buyors for the most part had to purchase quality lines mostly in onos'1 and "twos".

Early in the poriod the markot for good cattle was very satisfactory, while other grades were subject to considerable fluctuation but generally showed a downward trend. By the middle of the month, values all round wore unsteady but without material alteration. Subsequently, however, a definite decline became appcont, o''on the-bettor clas of cattle showing a fall in rates of from 10/- to 30/- per head. On the final sale day the position had not improvod; in fact, competition anong buyers was about the weakest oxperioncod for some time.

----0000000----

SALES OF FARM PRODUCE AT T} ALEXANDRIA RAILVIAY GOODS YARD AND IN SUSSEX STREET, SIDNEY.

For some time prior to February, an outstanding feature of the potato market was the appreciable Increase in the size of the weekly shipments from Tasmania and the corresponding lessening In market values. The co.uso of the increase was not at fir3t clearly evident and buyers were surprised that growers did not hold their crops until the markot improved. L'Ierchants soon dicovcred, however, that Tasmanian tubers detcrioratcd within a fcu days of their removal to store and the fact that growers had boon attempting to forestall the blight became evident. Condemnations of a large percentage of oach hipmcnt on arrival in Sydney resulted and Tasmania vms compelled to take the only possible stop, viz., rigid inspection of all linc3 before shipment and this caused a serious curtailment of Sydney supplies. During the first icok of the month, only 7,462 bags of Tasmanian potatoes wore on offer and values soared despite the fact that Victorian, Vestorn Australian and local growers rushed all available stocks to the Sydney market. Bro'1ncll3 sold at £13.10.0 and Bisrncicks at £12.0.0 per ton, whilst prices of other stocks also attained relatively high rates. Dorrigo "Factor" potatoes realised £13.0.0 per ton at auction before any market was fixed and agents arc agreed that the high market ruling in Sussex Street owed its existence to the special quality of the Dorrigo tubers. Throughout the remainder of the month the position gradually returned to normal. Victorian consignments over the poriod totalled approximately 4,000 bags and quotations ranged from £9.10.0 to £ll.O.O per ton. From Western Australia, 1,800 bags of tDclawc.rcs IT came to hand and cleared satisfactorily at £6.O.0 to £8.10.0 per ton, according to the cemotitIon offered to each shipment. Even from the Northern Rivers, 413 bags of late crop tubers wore received. Those realised £7.0.0 per ton. Tasmanian shipments during the period aggregated 96,149 bags for which prices woroa3 follow:- Broviñ.dfls £6.10.0 to £9.10.0; Bismarcks £6.0.0 to £9.0.0; Pinkoyos £6.0.0 to Z7.0.0; Arranchlofs £5.10.0 to £6.10.0 and Sno'.'flakos £5.10.0 per ton. Those quotations arc oxelusivo of the exceptional market ruling at the bo:2inning of February. Rail consignments to Alexandria Included bags of Dorrigo potatoes f or which the general market range vms £5.13.4 to £12.5.O per ton, according to variations in supplics Those wore augmented by 1,966 from other centres, included In which total were the first of the now season Croo1vo1l crops. RcalisatIons at auction ranged from £B.O.O to £11.10.0 per ton early In the month and from £4.O.0 to £7.15.0 for the remainder of the period.

Supplies of Victorian onions in Sussex Street wore In excess of trade requirements at most times during Fobruary. The 19, 900 bags rocolved were of the "Globe" variety which is an early crop. A heavy cropping of onions Is anticipated In Victoria this year and growers wore anxious to clear the above variety before the pool corioneod to operate on the "Brown Spanish" onions which are usually introduced during March. The sudden influx of supplies cauod

/sharp

sharp depreciation in the market and the position was accentuated by a large percontago of infcr!or table onions. Early in the period,

per ton was obtainable for best quality but shortly afterwards from £3.10.0 to 4,O,0 was the ruling rate. White onions wore generally in small percentage only and cleared well, althou1 prices passed from £10.0.0 down to £6.0.0 per ton. At the 1Uoxandria Railway Goods Yard, 70C bags of Victorian Brown onions wore on hand. Agents experienced difficulty in disposing of stocks, although many especially vicllgradod lines were included. From £3.10.O to £560.0 per ton was quoted. A consignment of 122 bags of choice local White moved cut rapidly at £9.C.0 and 67 of Brown realised £5.0.0 per ton.

A feature of trading in pumpkins was the arrival on the market of the first supplies of local now pumpkins. In January, small consignments were sent by road to the Municipal Markets but no local supplies wore received on tho wholoalo market until February. Shipments to Sussex Street from Q.uoonsland districts declined appreciably and only 1,90C bags wore received. A generally satisfactory market ruled and stocks moved out steadily at £5.C.0 to £6.C.0 per ton. Local growers railed 28 trucks to Alexandria, the quality of which was aurprisinr,ly good. Very few Immature lines wore available and agents wore able to offoct str•:ng clearances at £5.C.0 to £7,C.0 per ton. The small number of inferior lots wore quoted at as low as £3.lc.C. Fourteen trucks of Quconslonci pumpkins wore also in position and moved out briskly at rates corresponding to those for local.

Cwing to the advancement of the season, supplies of Tasmanian 3vicdoo wore more extensive during Fobru:ry. however, the demand increased roportIontc1y and the range of prices was unchanged at £4.C.0 to £7.0.0 per ton. The season for now Carrots In Tasiania did not really commence until the period under review when 1,203 bags ôario to hand. Satisfactory clearances wore maint..;:cd at £8.C.0 to £12.C.0 par ton. A total of 41 bags of parsnips t'rts on offer but no price was recorded.

Turning now to sales of forage during February, we find a false indication of the position of the market created by growers railing consistently heavy supplies to Sydney and by oxcessive imports of Tasmanian eaten chaff, it will be ronoborcd that there was an oxtromoly firm market early in January but prices collapsed as a result of a sudden Influx of supplies. This dcvolo - acnt

u ri extended well into February and, although growers wore obliged to consign large quantities of foddor to the parched Western districts of the State, they continued to flood the Sydney market. It was nct untIlriost the close of the month that stocks began to dwindle. During February the position regarding the feeding of live stock In the Vostern Division became more serious as rainfall was considerably below normal. Largo quantities of fodder, partIcu1ar1- -maize and Mudgco lucerne hay wore railed there rind growers boan to realise too late that a shortage of supplies was impending.

/Unlcss.

-293-- Unloss rain relieves the position a vory high forage market may rule during March. Local oaton chaff in position at Alexandria totalled 157 trucks which wore at all times sufficient for trade requirements. Values ranged from £5.10.0 to £7.5.0 par ton according to quality and also in accordance with the wokly competition from Tasmanian oaten chaff in Sussex Street. Shipments of the latter aggregated 12,450 bags which wãrô generally of medium standard only. A few lines brought £6.5.0 per ton but the bulk of the offering was disposed of at £5.15.0 to £6.0,0 Owing to the ample stocks of oaten, agents experienced difficulty in maintaining clearances of the 47 trucks of whoaton chaff at rail. On a few occasions, £6150 per ton was obtained for extra choice lots but most sales ranged from £4.15.0 to £6.0.0 per ton. Demand for this product could be described only as dull.

An easier inquiry was apparent for the 62 trucks of lucerno chaff on hand, Competition from stocks of white chaff had a quietoning effect on the market and, in order to maintain disposals, agents were Obliged to reduce rates. Choice lucerne chaff brought from £7C.O to £7.15.O per ton at most times durinr Fobruary but a fair porôoñtagc of inferior and medium lines was cleared at as low as £5O.0. Turning now to lucerne hay, we find a reversal of the position which ruled during January. Growers of Mudgoc lucerne hay and those from other districts who also mature their stocks wore quick to take advantage of the high market ruling for dry hay. During February, 76 trucks, more than doublo the previous month's supply, were rocoivod at Alexandria. The £9.0.0 market which continued to rule early in the pc±'iOd was 6hortlivcd and rates dropped sharply to range from £7.0.0 to £8.0.0 per ton for the Sroatoi, part of the month. Inferior lots wore quotod at as low as £4.0,O per ton. It is definite that had not the offering of soft green hay boon amallor values of dry 3tock3 would have roachod much lower levels. In all, 98 trucks of Maitland unmaturod hay came to hand at Aloxandria A general decline in quality was apparont and bolos contained a large - percentage of grass. Nov; Croon was soldat from £2O.0 to £4.10.0 per ton and dry hay at £4,10.0 to £6.10.0. Shipments of Hunter River Green hay amounting to 323 bales wore received in Sussox Street. A large proportion of inferior was inOludod and disposals wore difficult to maintain at £1.10.0 to £4.C,O per ton1 Edrly in the month, a few choice lines were sold at £4.109C to £6.C.0 but those wore exceptional and could not be includod in the market range for tho period.

Only 100 bales of Victorian oaten hay wore on off or in Sussox Street during February. Demand was indifferent and, although rates wore unchanged at £9.10.0 per ton, stocks cloared very slowly. Inquiry for the 39 trucks at Alexandria, however, showed some improvement and agents reported firmer disposals than have boon in evidence for some time. Quotations ranged from £6.C.0 to £9.C.O per ton, according to quality.

/Shipmonts

-294- Shipments of Tasmanian straw in February aggregated

3,400 bales. Despite this smaller supply, a considerable slackening in request was in ovidonco. Choice' oaton sold satisfactorily throughout the period at £4,5.0 to £4.10.0 per ton but whoaton was extremoly slow of sale at £4.0.0 and oven levier. A total of 380 bales of Victorian straw was on offer but was difficult to clear at £3.15.0 to £4.5.0 per ton. A similar position ruled at Aloxanc1rii where 45 trucks of local straw wore available. From £3.15.0 to £4,1?.0 per ton was realised, according to quality.

Inquiry for local wheat was considerably easier at Alexandria during the month under review. Values wore unaltered at 4/5d to 4/3d per bushel but only because supplies amounting to 33 trucks wore loss than half the previous consignments. Many particularly choice selections wore available.

At the commencement of February the only prime maize available on the Sydney market was forward from the South Coast. Shipments, which arrived mainly early in the period totalled 320 bags, white maize soiling well at 4/9d and yellow at 5/6c1 por bushel. From the Northern Rivers, 303 bags of old season's maize wore also received but, being affected with vicovil, they sold slowly at 3/3d to 4/3d, according to quality. At the close of the month, consignments of now season maize commenced to arrive from the same district. In all, 860 bags woroto hand and a surprisingly high standard of quality was in ovidenco. Usually the first fey, offerings of now maize arc green and vary immature but the easier demand which operated during January induced growers to allow their crops to ripen before markáting thorn. Values wore accordingly high at 4/lCd to 5/3d per bushel. The 22 trucks of maize at Alexandria realised from 3/9c1 to 5/ per bushel, according t o quality.

Ample Supplies of Tasmanian oats came to hand in Sussex Street. Prices varied between 3/9d and 4/3d per bushel in accordance with tho standard of the offering. From 3/51d to 4/id was quoted for the 34 trucks consiCnod to Alexandria.

-..-.'000 0000---.-.

EGG MARTING BOARD POLL.

A poll on the question of the continuance of the Egg Marketing Board for the Counties of Cumberland and Northumberland and the Shires of Nattal and 'Nollondilly closes at 5 p.m. on Friday, 18th March, 1938. The Board has operated continuously since November, 1928.

- ---0000000----

-295

- TRADING IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

AT THE CITY MUNICIPAL MARITS, SYDNEY.

Trading generally throughout the month was of a steady nature. Clearances of choice fruit were satisfactory but inferior lines, which were plentiful, were difficult to sell.

Demand for apples centred principally around selected sizes of choice Jonathans, values of which wore steadily maintained. Most other varieties wore somwhat slow to move while small fruit of any kind was difficult to clear. Of the green sorts, Granny Smiths wore by far the most popular but, owing to the quantities available and the somewhat limited demand for cooking apple.'., , prices showed a depreciation of about 2/- per case over the period. There was a considerable increase each wock in the size of the shipments coming forward from Tasmania. The quantity received at the beginning of the month was in the vicinity of 4,000 cases,

1rirhi1c approximately 20,000 came to hand in the final shipment. Those consignments conistod for the most part of such varieties as Alexander, Worcester Poarmain and Duke of Claronco which, owing to their unpopularity with buyers (and this is becoming more evident each year) were difficult to dispose of, oven at relatively low prices.

Choice pears met ready sale at firm rates. Retailers showed a marked preference for Williams, although clearances of other sorts such as Howells, Bourro Bose and Bourre do Caplaumont were also fairly satisfactory.

Only limited quantities of main crop Valoncia oranges were available and rates showed a steady upward trend, up to 15/- per case being recorded. Values would no doubt have reached still higher levels but for the heavy supplies of rather inferior second crop fruit which was difficult to sell, even at nominal prices.

Lomons wore in relatively light supply and were in request at satisfactory prices. Small and medium-sized fruit (counts per case of 16 to 24) of good colour and quality wore preferred and up to 14/- per, case was obtained. Some small consignments from Bonycnda, uconsland, came to hand towards the end of the month, and, being of exceptionally good quality, realised from 16/.- to 19/-3 with some sales at 20/- per case.

There was a fair demand throughout the period for good peaches, particularly white floshod sorts when obtainable. Some quality fruit of the Halos variety, principLlly from the Bathurst district, vms the best seller, up to 9/-. per half-.easc being recorded. The bulk of the supplies, however, consisted of yellow clingstone varictios which novod out steadily at about /6 to 5/-per half-case. Some noctarinos wore also available and choice, large descriptions sold freely at satisfactory prices.

/Plums

-296-

lums, mainly Pond's Seedlings and Presidents, were heavily stocked during the first half of the month and clearances of small fruit, particularly, were difficult to effect, while prices of choice large descriptions were relatively low. Later, however, when supplies began to decrease, stocks cleared more readily and an upward trend in values was apparent.

Heavy supplies of grapes were forthcoming from the principal inland producing areas and near metropolitan districts and at times agents had some difficulty in moving stocks of medium and inferior quality. Choice lines, however, moved out well and, although the market fluctuated somewhat, prices generally were very satisfactory, particularly for Muscatels which were preferred to other varieties.

Large quantities of passion fruit came to hand during the first two weeks but agents were able to maintain the prices of choice fruit at fairly steady levels owing to factory buyers clearing the market of the bulk of the medium quality lots. During the third week supplies fell off considerably and values of choice lines advanced by from 3/- to 4/- per half-case. Later, however, with more plentiful stocks available, prices again eased.

There was a considerable increase in the quantities of bananas coming forward from week to week. The first consignments for the month aggregated 11,453 cases, while the total arrivals for the week ended 26th February amounted to approximately 21,000 cases. Of the stocks available, about 75 were produced in New South Wales and the balance in queensland. A number of brands arrived in "mixed-ripe" condition, resulting in a considerable amount of waste, while the prevalence of "wet-end" was also responsible for much loss. In a report dated 4th February the Sydney representative of the Queensland Committee of Direction of Fruit Marketing stated, "Experiments are being carried out to prevent further deterioration from wet-end by packing fruit in the ripening rooms with additional timbers to enable a greater circulation of conditioned air and it is hoped that by this means the complaint will at least be arrested."

Pineapples were heavily supplied. Water blister, which was prevalent in many brand, was the cause of a considerable amount of wastage, as well as being responsible for the somewhat restricted buying. Prices fluctuated within a margin of 2/- to 3/- per tropical case. A decline In values marked the first week's trading but the bulk of the inferior lines having been cleared, values improved during the next fortnight; by the end of the month, however, the market had receded to former levels.

-207-

The 4L-,orrenti1 rain experienced at the end of January caused much dama'e to market gardens in the Metropolitan and near-by districts. LiOt kinds of bunched vegetables, thererore, were in relatively short supply and the month of February was notahic for the high prices of many lines, particularly beetroot and spinach which sold freely at rates ranging to 6/- and at times to 7/ per dozen bunches. Parsley also was dear, reulisin from /- to 24/-per dozen bunches, while values of other lines were also relatively high. 3upplioz were more lcntiful to'ards the end of the rronth, however, and an easing in values was apparent.

Peas were in light to moderate supply early n the period and choice lines reali3ed to 12/- per bushel. Prices, however, showed a dovnward trend with the steadily increasing quantities coming forward. At the close of the month, stocks were in excess of ordinary requirements and surpluses were purchased by buyers operating on behalf of canneries. This had a stabilising effect on the market as agents were able to hold the price of choice lines at about 5/- to 6/- per bushel.

Beans were also moderately stocked early in the period under review and quality lots cleared readily at satisfactory rates. Supplies steadily increased, however, and a considerable proportion comprising medium to inferior quality descriptions was difficult to clear. Prices fluctuated bu generally the movement was downward.

A steady demand was maintained for quality cabbages and exceptionally good prices for this time of the year were obtained. Best c'uality 11 heads' realised to 10/- 1,ith odd sales to 12/- per

dozen.

Lettuce v;as in light supply; choice .r7as difficult to obtain and sold to 6/- but the general quotations were from 1/_ to 5/ per dozen.

Tomatoes for the most part were fairly plentiful and included consignments from both Queensland and Victoria. Demand was principally for choice, coloured descriptions and, while variations were apparent, prices on the whole were very satisfactory, particularly at the end of the month when supplies were not as heavy as usual. The closing cuetatons for the period were as fo11ow3:

Tomatoes - Local (green) 5/- to 7/, (coloured) 6/- to 13/-, Q,ueensland 4/- to 7/- per hair-case. Victorian 14/- to 16/- per case.

-- - -000O000-- --

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-290-

WHOLESALE PICES OF VARIOUS COMIIODIT IES IN SIDNEY (NSW) DURING FEBRUARY, 1938.

The following table gives particulars of the range of wholesale prices in Sydney as collected and recorded by the State Marketing bureau in respect of sales of various commodities during, the month of February, 1938:-

CornrnodIt From To

Wheat:- Bulk 4/4d 4/6d tor bushel. Bagged 4/5d 4/7d " TI

Flour £10.15.0 per ton) Bran £6.1C.0 " " ) no variation. Pollard £70.0 11 T

Eggs (Hen) 1/3d 1/7d per dozen

Butter:- Choice First Quality Second Quality

Choose:- Loaf 1Od per Large lOd " Special Brands

151/10d per cwt.) 147/2d I' T

142/3d " TI

lb.) no variation.

11d

no variation.

1/- per lb.

Pigs (Abattoir Sales):- Prime Light Porkers 34/3

I? LIcd.Tgt. 1? 38/6 Heavy 45/6

8 l3aconors 60/6

41/6 50/6 55/6 77/6

odd sales higher. Backfrttcrs £4 • 00

---- 0000000----

SYDNEY WOOL SALES -FEBRUARY.

The Sydney Wool Selling Brokers' Association advIac that 160,928 bales of wool, including 156,911 greasy and 4,017 scoured, wore sold In Sydney during the month of February.

The average prices realised wore as fol1ov:-

Class of Wool. Per Balo Per lb.

Greasy £14.16. 2 12.1d Scoured £17. 8. 4 17.4d Greasy and Scoured £14.17. 6 12.2d

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