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State-Level Economic Contributions of Active Outdoor Recreation – Technical

Report on Methods and Findings

April 13, 2007

Prepared by Southwick Associates, Inc. Fernandina Beach, Florida

For:

Outdoor Industry Foundation

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Acknowledgements This study was conceived and funded by the Outdoor Industry Foundation. Data collection was contracted to Harris Interactive, Inc. of Rochester, NY. and economic research and report development was contracted to Southwick Associates, Inc. of Fernandina Beach, FL. The primary authors were Rob Southwick and John Bergstrom, Ph.D. The authors wish to express their desire to thank Clint Wall, OIF’s project manager, for his direction, assistance and support. Many people provided time and thought towards the success of this project. The authors and OIF wish to thank many people, including Carolyn McKernan of REI, Inc., for her input and recommendations, Courtney Blacker of Jansport, Colleen Pate of Coleman, John Schoene of Johnson Outdoors, and many other contributors. Despite the contributions of many, the authors remain responsible for the contents herein.

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Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Definitions 2 3.0 Methodology 4 3.1 Categories under Study 4 3.2 Study States 5 3.3 Methods Overview 6 3.4 Primary Data Source – Harris Interactive Survey 7 3.5 Estimating the Number of Participants and Trips 9 3.6 Estimating Expenditures 15 3.6.1 Equipment & Services Expenditures 15 3.6.2 Trip-Related Expenditures 16 Sidebar: The Size and Economic Effects of Outdoor Swimming 23 3.7 Calculating Economic Contributions 23

Sidebar: The Magnitude of Trip Impacts versus Equipment Impacts 28 3.8 Estimating Wildlife-Based Recreation Contributions 28 3.9 The Combined Effects of All Outdoor Recreation 32 3.10 Taxes 36 3.11 State-Specific Results Versus Regional Summaries 36 Bibliography 37 Appendix I: When State-Level Expenditure Items Were Substituted with the National Average

(State Value >25% Greater Than the National) 38 Appendix II: Detailed Results: Total Expenditure, Economic Contribution, Trip and Participation Estimates for Active Outdoor Recreation, Per State 59 Appendix III: Detailed State-Level Wildlife-Based Recreation Impacts 102 Appendix IV: Survey Statistics 145 Appendix V: Survey Questionnaire 148

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1.0 Introduction This report assesses the economic contributions of the major forms of active outdoor recreation for 21 states. Activities included are:

Bicycle-based recreation (on paved roads or off-road) Camp-based recreation (Camping in an RV at a campsite, in a tent, or rustic lodge)1 Paddle-based recreation (kayaking (recreational/sea/whitewater), rafting and canoeing) Fishing (all types) Hunting (all types) Snow-based recreation (cross-country/nordic skiing, downhill skiing, telemark skiing,

snowboarding and snowshoeing Trail-based recreation (trail running (running on an unpaved trail), day hiking on an

unpaved trail, backpacking and climbing ice or natural rock) Wildlife viewing (wildlife watching and birding)

The purpose of this project is to help readers understand the relative and overall economic significance of recreation to 21 state economies. This data and text within this report are derived from a similar 2006 OIF report by the same authors that examined the identical impacts at the regional and national levels. This report is based on data from a Harris Interactive survey commissioned by the OIF in late 2005 covering bicycle, camp, paddle, snow, and trail-based recreation; and existing data from the “2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation” commissioned by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Economic impact estimates were constructed using well-established modeling procedures. Existing scientific publications and reports were used to ground truth to the final results. Procedures used and data limitations encountered are described in this report.

This study developed economic impact estimates for the major forms of active outdoor recreation of interest to OIF. By definition, these exclude categories that rely on the primary use of internal-combustion engines such as motorsports (off-road), boating, snowmobiling, etc. While the purchases of vehicles were discounted from this study by treating them as outliers, trip costs associated with vehicles such as fuel were not excluded.

1 Purchases for RVs and other motorized vehicles were discounted. Operating costs were included in this study but not the purchase price. This adjustment is explained later further in this report.

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2.0 Definitions Economic impacts measure the changes within an economy. For the purposes of this report, economic “impact” refers to the growth or contraction in an economy caused by the entry or loss of revenue from outside sources. Outside sources include tourists bringing dollars into a local economy or the sale of services and products to people outside of the region. Sales and other transactions between people and businesses within an economy typically dos not result in economic growth but is mainly a redistribution of resources. However, this form of economic activity is still important and sustains jobs and more. This form of economic activity will be referred to as “economic contributions” within this report, and includes both impacts from recreationists visiting from outside the economies under study and the economic contributions from residents within the study areas. Economic contributions are usually expressed as jobs, income, retail sales (expenditures) and tax revenues. Economic contributions and impacts, for the purpose of economic modeling, can be divided into three standard components: direct, indirect and induced effects. The indirect and induced effects are the two components of the “multiplier” or “ripple” effect. Each of these is considered by most economic models when estimating the overall effects of any activity on the economy. A direct effect is defined as the result of the initial purchase made by the consumer. Only the amount of the purchase that remains in the region under study is retained as the direct effect. For example, when a person buys a restaurant meal for $20, there is a direct effect to the restaurant and the local economy, of $20, assuming all of the supplies needed for the meal were provided locally. However, recognizing much of the consumed food and supplies were likely bought from sources outside of the region of study, a lower amount, for example, $10, actually remains in the local economy as a direct effect. Indirect effects measure how sales in one industry affect the various other industries providing supplies and support. For example, the restaurateur must purchase additional food and supplies, plus pay costs such as power, rent, etc.; local food suppliers must buy more products, and so on. Therefore, the original direct effect of $10 benefits many other industries within the regions. An induced effect results from the wages and salaries paid by the directly and indirectly impacted industries. The employees of these industries then spend their incomes. These expenditures are induced effects which, in turn, create a continual cycle of indirect and induced effects. The sum of the direct, indirect and induced effects is the total economic impact or contribution. As the original retail purchase (direct effect) goes through round after round of indirect and induced effects, the economic contribution of the original purchase is multiplied, benefiting many industries and individuals. Likewise, the reverse is true. If a particular item or industry is removed, the economic loss is greater than the original retail sale. Once the original retail purchase is made, each successive round of spending is smaller than the previous round. When the economic benefits are no longer measurable, the economic examination ends. There is one economic measure not considered in this report, but commonly used in resource allocation debates: economic value. Economic value measures the personal or intrinsic value held by users of a resource, or people affected by an action or item. This term basically

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measures the quality of life effects, or how much one is better or worse off intrinsically. For example, a person may spend $100 to go on a raft trip, but the trip was worth $125 intrinsically to that individual. That person was better off by $25 after taking the trip, and $25 is the net economic value of the trip. While an important measure, economic value is complex and not considered in this report.

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3.0 Methodology 3.1 Categories under Study The Harris Interactive survey examined five categories of active outdoor recreation, most of which can be further divided. Survey recipients were queried about their annual participation and expenditure levels for each of these categories:

• Bicycle-based recreation: paved roads off-road

• Camp-based recreation2: recreational vehicles campgrounds/campsite rustic lodges

• Paddle-based recreation: kayaking (recreational/sea/whitewater) rafting canoeing outdoor swimming (lakes, rivers, natural water bodies) outdoor pool swimming3

• Snow-based recreation: cross-country/nordic skiing downhill skiing telemark skiing snowboarding snowshoeing

• Trail-based recreation: trail running (running on an unpaved trail) day hiking on an unpaved trail backpacking climbing (ice or natural rock)

Other forms of active outdoor recreation were excluded from this study. By definition, these categories could have been included, but the cost of identifying enough people in the survey who recently participated in these categories was considered cost prohibitive. This study focused on the major sports within the OIF’s primary missions. The exclusion of these other recreations, including categories such as SCUBA, snorkeling, surfing, wind- and kite-surfing,

2 Camping includes day trips when camping equipment was used. 3 Outdoor swimming and outdoor pool swimming were eliminated during an interim round of analysis based on industry feedback that these activities did not fully fit as an active outdoor recreation, plus their sheer size overshadowed the impact of the other activities. More details are presented in the methodology discussions.

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introduces a level of conservatism to the final results when reporting the economic impacts of active outdoor recreation. This study also included wildlife based recreation:

• Hunting; • Fishing; and • Wildlife Viewing.

Wildlife-based recreations were handled differently in this study. Information on the economic contributions from these categories were already available from other sources, and only needed updating to 2005 levels to be included in this project.4 Details are presented in the methodology discussions. As a first time study, there were many decisions to be made about methodology. When these decisions presented themselves, efforts were made to err on the side of conservatism. 3.2 Study States Survey resources did not permit the development of state-level impacts for all states; therefore states were divided into primary and non-primary states. Primary states were designated by the OIF based on educational and communication needs. To permit reliable and reportable economic data, 125 completed surveys were allocated to each primary state. The primary states initially designated were:

Alaska New Mexico Arizona Nevada California5 New York Colorado Oregon Idaho Tennessee Louisiana Utah Massachusetts Vermont Maine Washington Montana Wisconsin North Carolina West Virginia New Hampshire Wyoming

The 28 remaining states, designated as non-primary states, were allocated 50 completed surveys each. To permit reportable economic data, these states were initially combined into

4 These sources were:

a. American Sportfishing Association. 2002. Sportfishing in America, Values of Our Traditional Pastime. Alexandria, VA. b. International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. The Economic Contributions of Hunting, 2001. Washington, D.C. c. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The 2001 National and State Economic Impacts of Wildlife Viewing. Arlington, VA.

5 California was originally combined with Hawaii, but very few survey responses were obtained for Hawaii. The effects of the Hawaii respondents were removed from the data to produce estimates for California only.

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eight regions based on shared characteristics and proximity.6 Based on the limited sample sizes, these states are not used in the state-specific results. 3.3 Methods Overview The economic estimates in this report are based on the expenditures made for recreation within each state. The following standard formula presents the general approach used to determine state expenditures: State Expenditures = (Number of trips in the state x Average expenditures per trip) + Annual equipment expenditures for all participants in the state The above formula has three major data requirements:

a) Annual trips for each category for each state; b) Typical expenditures per trip, for each category in each state; and c) Annual expenditures for equipment, by participants in each category in each state.

A search for reliable data, or existing literature, for each of the three major requirements did not turn up any reliable sources that provided uniform data across all states and for each category. Therefore, new data had to be generated. To meet this need, in late 2005 the OIF contracted with Harris Interactive to conduct an online survey of outdoor recreationists. The analysis was undertaken in four major stages:

1) Develop estimates regarding the number of people participating in each of the active outdoor recreations, plus the number of trips taken annually and the average amount spent per trip;

2) Develop estimates of the total annual expenditures made by recreationists at the state levels for each category examined;

3) Calculate annual state-level economic impacts for each category using accepted modeling procedures; and

4) For wildlife-based recreations (hunting, fishing and wildlife-viewing), update estimates already available from existing sources.

The next sections describe the primary data collected, how data were collected and the steps taken to produce the final economic impact estimates. 3.4 Primary Data Source – Harris Interactive Outdoor Survey Harris Interactive, a nationally recognized polling and surveying firm, has developed a proprietary data base of U.S. residents who agreed to participate. Using this database, in October of 2005, Harris Interactive conducted 125 online interviews of ‘qualified’ residents in each of the 21 primary states. (Harris failed to collect an adequate sample size to create state specific data for Massachusetts.) A qualified resident, or qualified respondent, is a state resident

6 After the first draft results were developed, the regions were adjusted based on feedback from industry members and sample size limitations. This adjustment will be presented later in the methodologies section.

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who participated in the past year in at least one of the five recreations under study and spent money on at least one of the categories. A total of 5,150 surveys of qualified respondents were completed. In addition to the qualified residents, an additional 8,756 surveys were completed by panel participants who did not participate in any of the targeted recreations or spend money for these categories. These participants, known as ‘non-qualified’ respondents, permitted the development of estimates of the percent of the U.S. population and state populations that participated in active outdoor recreation in the past year. These participants were not used to develop expenditure estimates. In total, 13,907 completed interviews were obtained. Table A presents state sample sizes. state.

Table A: Sample Sizes Participation Sample Expenditure Sample

"Non-Qualified" "Qualified"

ALASKA 268 105

ARIZONA 340 89

CALIFORNIA* 420 76

COLORADO 408 85

IDAHO 297 15

LOUISIANA 479 83

MAINE 355 89

MONTANA 349 89

NEVADA 485 72

NEW HAMPSHIRE 370 86

NEW MEXICO 431 88

NEW YORK 478 82

NORTH CAROLINA 412 77

OREGON 337 85

TENNESSEE 417 85

UTAH 368 74

VERMONT 313 92

WASHINGTON 370 76

WEST VIRGINIA 346 83

WISCONSIN 325 83

WYOMING 269 98

* California was combined with Hawaii in the original Harris survey. Considering only three from the Qualified sample were from Hawaii, the total number of Hawaiians in the Non-Qualified set is expected to be minimal. The CA-HI data was split based on the percentage of the region's residents residing in each state.

Weighting: Most samples of residents do not accurately represent the general U.S. population. A weighting process was applied by Harris Interactive to adjust the results to represent the U.S. population 18 years and older. Weights are statistical percentages used to increase or decrease a respondent’s survey response to reflect a portion of the population under study. When all survey responses are weighted and summed, the results reflect the entire population under study. Harris applied two weights: one for demographics and the other reflecting the propensity of people fitting the respondent’s profile to complete online surveys. The

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demographic weights, developed by Harris Interactive using their undisclosed proprietary processes, were based on variables, such as race, income, education, age, and gender were used to adjust the sample set to better reflect the true make-up of each state’s population. When asked if the sample set adequately reflects the percentage of households with children, Harris Interactive replied in the affirmative. This was asked based on the survey questions about expenditures made for family members under 18 years of age. The propensity weights were based on Harris’s experience with online surveys and used to adjust for the respondent’s likelihood of participating in online surveys and panels. These characteristics are not necessarily based on demographic variables but also include attitude and behavioral characteristics. Statistics regarding sample sizes and confidence intervals for expenditures are presented in Appendix IV. Assumptions and Caveats to the Harris Interactive Data: 1) A source of conservatism may be introduced into the final economic impact results by the survey questionnaire. The questionnaire, presented in Appendix V, is very specific in the categories included and not included in this project. Some respondents may have excluded expenditures that were justified for inclusion. For example, the bicycle category is meant to include all forms of recreational cycling. This category is divided into paved road and off-road cycling. Survey respondents may use urban trails, which are growing across the U.S., as a primary place to cycle, but may not consider these venues to be either paved roads or off-road and therefore may exclude such cycling. The level of effects from this possible issue is unknown. 2) An unknown level of recall error may have occurred. This occurs when respondents are asked to report "typical" trip expense but instead report a higher expenditure for a trip they fondly recall. 3) As with any survey, there is some level of natural error associated with not finding people who participated in an activity or purchased specific items. This is common for activities and items of lesser popularity. Examples include non-resident trips to Alaska for snow sports, and people buying rarer items such as souvenirs as part of cross-country ski trips. Larger sample sizes tend to diminish this problem, but even with major surveys such as the multi-million U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s 2001 National Survey on Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation, this problem still occurs. This problem often results in low numbers of estimated trips, lower than what may really be occurring, which leads to underestimated expenditures and economic impacts. Appendix IV presents the errors associated with the trip estimates which can be used to identify those estimates with a smaller or greater range of error. As noted elsewhere in this document, when the average expenditure for a state for a specific item was 25% or greater than the national average, it was replaced by the national average to help reduce the chance of overestimating impacts. When the average was 25% or less, it was left as-is to maintain this report’s conservative nature. 3.5 Estimating the Number of Participants and Trips

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NOTE: The OIF has produced dual sets of participation data, using two different survey methods and produced for different purposes. One set of participation data was produced as part of this project and presented in this report. The other set was produced as part of a different effort and not discussed further in this report. When comparing expenditures and participation, please use the participation data presented in this report to ensure proper comparisons. Using the Harris Interactive data, the number of participants and trips were estimated for the following categories:

• Bicycle-based recreation: paved roads off-road

• Camp-based recreation7: recreational vehicles campgrounds/campsite rustic lodges

• Paddle-based recreation: kayaking (recreational/sea/whitewater) rafting canoeing outdoor swimming (lakes, rivers, natural water bodies) outdoor pool swimming8

• Snow-based recreation: cross-country/nordic skiing downhill skiing telemark skiing snowboarding snowshoeing

• Trail-based recreation: trail running (running on an unpaved trail) day hiking on an unpaved trail backpacking climbing (ice or natural rock)

For each state, the weighted Harris data permitted the development of estimates describing the percentage of each state’s population having participated in each category in the past year and the average number of trips per person. Estimates were produced for each of the five major categories (trail sports, bicycling, camping, snow sports and paddle sports). Recognizing many people participate in more than one of the five major categories, the total percentage of a population participating in at least one category could not be estimated by summing the results for each sub-category. Doing so would result in significant double-counting. Overall participation estimates were based on the combined sample of qualified and 7 Camping includes day trips when camping equipment was used. 8 Outdoor swimming and outdoor pool swimming were eliminated during an interim round of analysis based on industry feedback that these activities did not fully fit as an active outdoor recreation, plus their sheer size overshadowed the impact of the other activities. More details are presented in the methodology discussions.

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non-qualified survey respondents. Recognizing this combined sample, once weighted, reflected the entire state population, and based on a survey question asking if the respondent participated in at least one of the five major categories, overall participation estimates were possible.9 The participation data may contain an unknown level of double-counting in the number of trips. The number of trips reported for each of the five major categories (bicycle, camping, paddle, snow, and trail-based recreation) is based on the sum of the primary trips reported for each of the sub-categories (for bicycle, sub-categories are off-road and paved-road riding). A bicyclist could have gone on one ride that involved both paved-road and off-road characteristics and counted the ride as two trips – one off-road and one paved-road instead of either an off-road or a paved-road bicycle trip. The Harris Interactive survey capped the number of trips that a person could report for all sub-categories at 99. In about 1% of the cases, the number of trips reported for a major category exceeded 99 which indicate some level of double counting across the sub-categories. This is assumed to be based on people who, for example, reported 50 off-road bicycle trips and 50 paved-road bicycle trips which were then summed and reported as 100, thus exceeding the quota of 99. It is possible some respondents reported all of their trips as ‘primary purpose’ trips, even though they were given the option to designate trips as non-primary. To help reduce any double counting, the number of trips reported by any one person was capped at 99. It is still possible that even when observations are capped at 99, additional double-counting may exist for trips that summed to a level less than 99. Once the percentages of population who participated were complete, the next step was to estimate the number of participants and trips per state. This was done by multiplying the percentage of population participating in each category by the number of people living in the state under study. Population data were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Total number of trips were then calculated by multiplying the total number of participants by the average number of trips per participant as reported by the Harris data. The estimated number of participants for each state and activity are listed in Table B. Important note:

These results are for illustrative purposes only. They describe how the total state active outdoor economic figures were calculated. Do not reprint state activity category level economic figures (for example – camping in Nevada) Limitations in sample size create large plausible ranges for some state activity category level economic figures.

9 Question 405 (Appendix II) inquires if respondents participated in any of the five major activities. The subject of the survey was kept generic up to this point to help prevent non-participants from dropping out of the survey. See Q101 for an example of the initial generic approach taken by the survey.

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Table B. Participation in Outdoor Recreation and Percentage of State Residents Participating in Each Activity

Bicycle Camping Fishing* Hunting* Paddling Snow

Sports Trail Sports Wildlife Viewing*

State Pop. Over 18

years Old

State Pop. Over 16

Years Old

Alaska 158,526 179,861 176,961 70,776 92,296 92,249 183,504 235,000 477,865 510,956 % of state pop. 33% 35% 35% 14% 19% 19% 38% 46%

Arizona 1,151,671 1,067,921 339,417 116,977 320,680 284,229 1,164,256 1,098,000 4,334,537 4,591,010

% of state pop. 27% 25% 7% 3% 7% 7% 27% 24% California 7,467,740 4,862,899 2,212,496 256,563 2,956,918 2,324,238 8,905,167 5,336,000 26,576,445 28,231,375

% of state pop. 28% 18% 8% 1% 11% 9% 34% 19% Colorado 1,212,400 982,690 541,520 156,297 392,451 743,263 1,405,329 1,190,000 3,464,517 3,659,733

% of state pop. 35% 28% 15% 4% 11% 21% 41% 33% Idaho 327,116 460,099 242,717 147,450 161,673 166,909 339,158 379,000 1,027,114 1,089,310

% of state pop. 32% 45% 22% 14% 16% 16% 33% 35% Louisiana 668,978 426,965 728,151 288,019 129,902 76,531 432,671 819,000 3,349,214 3,555,041

% of state pop. 20% 13% 20% 8% 4% 2% 13% 23% Maine 266,782 228,047 205,004 120,909 293,990 240,820 389,424 518,000 1,036,627 1,089,496

% of state pop. 26% 22% 19% 11% 28% 23% 38% 48% Montana 239,448 329,205 205,004 167,110 171,387 133,293 352,206 362,000 717,654 756,877

% of state pop. 33% 46% 27% 22% 24% 19% 49% 48% Nevada 376,009 359,715 115,073 41,286 78,067 104,745 528,203 320,000 1,758,622 1,852,838

% of state pop. 21% 20% 6% 2% 4% 6% 30% 17% New Hampshire 241,100 238,895 142,149 51,116 225,662 254,233 349,570 445,000 1,007,415 1,063,065

% of state pop. 24% 24% 13% 5% 22% 25% 35% 42% New Mexico 322,662 438,031 190,499 103,215 66,906 104,790 584,852 469,000 1,414,523 1,501,226

% of state pop. 23% 31% 13% 7% 5% 7% 41% 31% New York 4,182,579 2,826,543 1,201,981 624,205 1,794,840 1,108,017 3,153,812 3,495,000 14,650,778 15,481,693

% of state pop. 29% 19% 8% 4% 12% 8% 22% 23%

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Table B (Continued) North Carolina 1,605,610 1,075,413 803,577 267,376 960,493 349,983 1,704,206 1,868,000 6,550,388 6,933,767

% of state pop. 25% 16% 12% 4% 15% 5% 26% 27% Oregon 773,028 1,016,631 496,071 230,022 368,043 247,491 1,126,627 1,280,000 2,752,582 2,898,000

% of state pop. 28% 37% 17% 8% 13% 9% 41% 44% Tennessee 771,509 945,588 685,603 283,104 362,741 195,498 944,677 1,701,000 4,516,751 4,767,907

% of state pop. 17% 21% 14% 6% 8% 4% 21% 36% Utah 409,425 761,579 375,196 173,991 246,132 310,393 714,023 562,000 1,646,570 1,775,937

% of state pop. 25% 46% 21% 10% 15% 19% 43% 32% Vermont 141,315 102,828 92,832 72,742 64,731 121,803 162,826 282,000 490,745 519,977

% of state pop. 29% 21% 18% 14% 13% 25% 33% 54% Washington 1,522,469 1,685,523 781,336 206,430 555,625 543,671 1,837,100 2,210,000 4,713,756 4,983,250

% of state pop. 32% 36% 16% 4% 12% 12% 39% 44% West Virginia 228,244 402,077 241,750 225,107 114,409 82,620 379,596 500,000 1,427,010 1,495,467

% of state pop. 16% 28% 16% 15% 8% 6% 27% 33% Wisconsin 1,524,056 1,133,121 909,947 578,004 786,937 530,253 1,040,242 2,159,000 4,220,053 4,461,074

% of state pop. 36% 27% 20% 13% 19% 13% 25% 48% Wyoming 111,406 154,731 113,139 63,895 33,061 40,348 139,649 171,000 388,262 409,345

% of state pop. 29% 40% 28% 16% 9% 10% 36% 42%

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Exclusion of Outdoor Swimming and Pool Swimming After the first draft results were produced, a change was made to the categories under study. Outdoor swimming (lakes, rivers, natural water bodies) and outdoor pool swimming were eliminated based on industry feedback.10 Swimming contributed one-quarter of all reported expenditures in the first draft. However, industry reviewers felt it was difficult to classify all swimming categories and dollars as part of active outdoor recreation. Many swimming categories may be part of other categories, such as family vacations, or just a trip to a neighbor’s pool primarily to socialize with friends. While these problems may exist to some degree for all trips, and even though questions were added in the survey to separate trips taken for the primary purpose of active outdoor recreation versus secondary-purpose trips, it was regarded as prudent and conservative to exclude swimming from the watersports estimates. The watersports category was redefined as “paddle-based recreation.” This adjustment is not without concerns. The Harris survey targeted X number of surveys (a quota) per state. If a quota was filled with just swimmers, then the other categories are under-represented. Once the swimmers are deleted, the sample size for that state is smaller than the original quota and we do not have as large a representative sample of all the other categories. If swimmers were left off the original questionnaire, the quota would have been filled by participants in the other categories which would have led to better estimates for those categories. Despite this problem, it was felt the results would better reflect the active outdoor recreation and remain more conservative if swimming was left out. Appendix II presents the estimated number of trips and participants for each state, along with other details. Breakouts are provided for sub-categories (such as paddle-based recreation which is divided into kayaking and canoeing). Also presented are estimates on the percentage of the state population that participates in some form of active outdoor recreation at least once annually. Please note that when developing an estimate of the total dollars spent annually for active outdoor recreation, it is not correct to multiply any trips or participation estimate found in this report by the total dollars spent per day or trip. Doing so will overestimate actual expenditures. One needs to consider that not all participants spend money on every trip, and that not all trips are taken for the primary purpose of recreation. Some trips and their expenditures would still occur even if the person could not participate in outdoor recreation. Steps are required to deduct for these events. These adjustments are made later in this report. 3.6 Estimating Expenditures Expenditure profiles were developed based on the Harris Interactive survey data.11 Average expenditures were developed from the ‘qualified’ set of survey respondents as

10 Outdoor swimming and outdoor pool swimming were eliminated during an interim round of analysis based on industry feedback that these activities did not fully fit as an active outdoor outdoor recreation. More details are presented in the methodology discussions. 11 Questions 516 to Q560 (equipment and durables), and Q631 thru Q690 in Appendix IV.

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explained earlier. “Qualified” respondents are those who participated in one of the recreation categories tracked in this report and spent money on outdoor recreation. The equipment and durable expenditure estimates developed from Harris Interactive outdoor data estimate the mean amount spent per year per participant. This was done for each expenditure item queried in the survey. Data were collected for expenditures made by the respondent for his or her personal use and for items purchased for minors under 18. Minors were excluded from the survey and querying adults about expenditures for children helped capture some of the expenditures made for minors. In some cases, the sample size for specific items at the state level were low, which could result in estimates relatively far from the true mean. To help reduce such variance in the results, an adjustment was made. Whenever the state estimate for a specific expenditure item was 25 percent greater than the national estimate for the same item, the state estimate was replaced with the national estimate. When state expenditure estimates were 25 percent lower than the national estimates, they were left as-is to help maintain a level of conservatism. Appendix II presents, per state, the typical expenditure per trip for trip-related expenses plus the average annual expenditures for equipment and services on a per-person basis.12 3.6.1. Equipment and Services Expenditures Total expenditures were calculated by multiplying the average expenditure per person by the total number of participants. For annual equipment & services expenditures, an extra step was added to adjust them downward to only reflect trip expenditures made for the primary purpose of active outdoor recreation. This was based on questions that inquired “approximately what percentage of your total (spent) do you think you would have spent even if you had not participated in the category in question” (see Q555, Appendix V, for an example). The reported percentage was deducted from the total reported expenditure. An additional step was also made that adjusted the equipment and services expenditures downward to only reflect the percentage of survey respondents who reported making an expenditure for the category in question (see Q520, Appendix V, for an example). This study developed economic impact estimates for the major forms of active outdoor recreation of interest to the OIA and OIF. By definition, these exclude categories that rely on the primary use of internal-combustion engines such as motorsports (off-road), boating, snowmobiling, etc. While the purchases of vehicles and other high-end purchases were discounted in this study by treating them as outliers, trip costs associated with vehicles, such as fuel, were not excluded. Treatment of Durable Equipment Outliers: The Harris survey did not specifically inquire about respondents’ purchases of recreational vehicles and other big ticket purchases. To exclude big ticket purchases that could be used for other categories not related to active outdoor recreation, observations reporting equipment expenditures 12 These are based on qualified respondents, which are people who took at least one trip and reported expenditures as part of the trip.

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exceeding $10,000 were capped at $10,000. Expenditures for apparel, accessories and services were capped at $2,000. The only significant outliers in the expenditure data, however, were in the camping equipment category and were believed to have been made for recreational vehicles and campers. Recognizing these vehicles can be used for many activities besides active outdoor recreation, industry reviewers recommended that observations exceeding $2,000 in the camping equipment category be capped at $2,000. This adjustment was made to the data to help ensure the results remain a conservative estimate of the impacts from active outdoor recreation only and minimize the potential inclusion of dollars that can also be attributable to other activities. 3.6.2. Trip-Related Expenditures For trip related expenditures, profiles of the average amount spent per trip for each state were developed based on the survey responses. These profiles provided expenditure estimates for each of the five major categories. Table C presents a sample of expenditures developed from the survey. The detailed results for day trips and overnights for each state can be found in Appendix II.

Table C: Sample of Trip Expenditures Profile: Average Day Trip Expenditures, Per Trip, National

Trail Bicycle Camp Snow Paddle

Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N

Food & Drink

$12 1622 $8 1356 $63 1011 $32 727 $18 791

Transportation

$13 1622 $7 1356 $60 1011 $33 727 $17 791 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $6 1622 $4 1356 $30 1011 $36 727 $20 791 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $5 1622 $2 1356 $16 1011 $9 727 $5 791

Trip expenses were calculated by multiplying the total number of trips reported for a state by the state’s respective expenditure profile. Using data from survey questions inquiring about the percentage of all trips taken for the primary purpose of recreation, all expenditures made for primary trips were included. Typically, 70 percent to 95 percent of all trips were reported as primary-purpose trips. Based on input from industry reviewers, 10 percent of non-primary trips were added back in. This was allowed as some level of secondary trips would not be taken if active outdoor recreation was not available. The availability of active outdoor recreation is reasonably expected to raise the marginal benefits for many trips up to a point that, without the recreational opportunity available, the trip would otherwise not have been taken. In addition, the presence of the recreational category as part of another trip is expected to increase the cost of the trip and the additional amount would be fully attributable to outdoor recreation. Without data identifying the dollars spent on secondary trips attributable to recreation, 10 percent is considered a reasonable amount to allocate.

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Just as done for expenditures for durable items, a step was taken to adjust trip expenditures downward to only reflect the percentage of survey respondents who reported making an expenditure for the category in question (see Q665, Appendix V, for an example). Within a state, expenses made by residents of other states were included as well (see Q690, Appendix V, for an example). For visitors from outside the state, only their expenditures made out of their states of residence were included. This adjustment was made based on data from Q690. An adjustment was also made to only include expenditures for people who reported making purchases for a particular item. Depending on the category, 20 percent to 90 percent of the participants reported making expenditures as part of their trip. Trail sports and bicycling typically had the lowest rates of expenditures among participants. If, for a given state, only 51 percent of the respondents reported spending money on their categories, then only 51 percent of the reported trips were used in the expenditure equations. Whenever the state estimate for a specific trip expenditure item was 25 percent greater than the national estimate for the same item, the state estimate was replaced with the national estimate. When state expenditure estimates were 25 percent lower than the national estimates, they were left as-is to help maintain conservative results. This same adjustment was made for equipment/durable goods as explained earlier. Treatment of Trip-Related Outliers: Trip expenditures that exceeded $500 for a particular category (food, transportation, etc.) for day trips were capped at $500, and overnight trip expenditures were capped at $2,000 per category. This results in a maximum of $2,000 per day trip and $10,000 for overnight trips. There were very few observations that required this adjustment. See Appendix II for detailed total and per-trip expenditures per state.

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Assumptions and Caveats to the Expenditure Data: 1) Thirty-five percent of the survey respondents who reported overnight camping

indicated they typically do not take part in one of the other four major categories while camping (trail sports, bicycling, snow sports or water/paddle sports). While some of them may participate in wildlife-based recreation (hunting, fishing and wildlife viewing), many of them may not. It should be noted that a small percent of campers may not be regarded as participating in a form of active outdoor recreation and may just relax at the campsite.

2) Survey respondents for the expenditure questions were limited to “qualified respondents” defined as persons who participated in recreation during the previous 12 months and who indicated they spent some amount of money on recreation during the previous 12 months. Thus, the resulting participant expenditure sample is not representative of all recreation participants since those who spent no money on recreation during the previous 12 months were not included. For estimation of total expenditures, mean expenditures were aggregated only over the total number of estimated participants who spent some amount of money on recreation during the previous 12 months.

3) The survey was limited to people 18 years old and older. Expenditures made by minors are excluded, unless the purchase was made by an adult for a minor. Recognizing the high level of disposable income among youth, an unknown level of expenditures are left out of this study.

4) As with any survey, there is some level of natural error associated with not finding people who participated in an activity or purchased specific items. This is common for activities and items of lesser popularity. Examples include non-resident trips to Alaska for snow sports and people buying rarer items such as souvenirs as part of cross-country ski trips. Larger sample sizes tend to diminish this problem, but even with major surveys such as the multi-million U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s 2001 National Survey on Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation, this problem still occurs. This problem often results in low numbers of estimated trips, lower than what may really be occurring, which leads to underestimated expenditures and economic impacts. Appendix IV presents the errors associated with the trip estimates which can be used to identify those estimates with a smaller or greater range of error. As noted elsewhere in this document, when the average expenditure for a state, for a specific item, was 25%, or more, greater than the national average, it was replaced by the national average to help reduce the chance of overestimating impacts. When the average was 25%, or more, less than the national average, it was left as-is to maintain this report’s conservative nature.

Table D present the expenditures per state for all five activities. Appendix II presents greater trip, participation and expenditure details.

Important note:

These results are for illustrative purposes only. They describe how the total state active outdoor economic figures were calculated. Do

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not reprint state activity category level economic figures (for example – camping in Nevada). Limitations in sample size create large plausible ranges for some state activity category level economic figures.

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Table D. Total Expenditures Per State

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Alaska All Expenditures: $108,302,703 $47,124,200 $358,816,872 $153,080,451 $48,164,128 $715,488,353 Travel-related: $98,752,091 $30,484,095 $321,790,988 $135,458,392 $38,130,948 $624,616,515 Equip. & Accessories: $9,550,611 $16,640,105 $37,025,884 $17,622,059 $10,033,180 $90,871,839 Arizona All Expenditures: $315,205,392 $917,668,089 $2,323,206,783 $441,746,986 $100,877,944 $4,098,705,194 Travel-related: $276,717,954 $796,672,214 $2,117,774,530 $372,603,733 $78,172,982 $3,641,941,414 Equip. & Accessories: $38,487,438 $120,995,875 $205,432,253 $69,143,252 $22,704,962 $456,763,780 California All Expenditures: $3,270,101,916 $6,472,609,248 $7,923,526,625 $3,415,603,752 $3,512,972,401 $24,594,813,942 Travel-related: $2,831,088,350 $5,391,652,106 $7,138,675,299 $2,933,967,492 $3,155,868,590 $21,451,251,837 Equip. & Accessories: $439,013,566 $1,080,957,142 $784,851,327 $481,636,260 $357,103,811 $3,143,562,105 Colorado All Expenditures: $974,466,454 $858,474,741 $1,936,230,560 $2,314,753,272 $408,464,332 $6,492,389,359 Travel-related: $891,219,604 $727,642,554 $1,807,600,172 $2,080,869,863 $349,743,329 $5,857,075,523 Equip. & Accessories: $83,246,850 $130,832,187 $128,630,388 $233,883,409 $58,721,003 $635,313,837 Idaho All Expenditures: $266,201,300 $52,578,051 $1,056,015,287 $305,475,711 $50,898,900 $1,731,169,248 Travel-related: $257,685,368 $27,314,174 $997,594,958 $282,592,044 $38,756,363 $1,603,942,906 Equip. & Accessories: $8,515,932 $25,263,877 $58,420,329 $22,883,667 $12,142,537 $127,226,342 Louisiana All Expenditures: $439,363,355 $676,843,771 $990,429,492 $36,963,786 $110,820,770 $2,254,421,174 Travel-related: $406,860,532 $588,300,131 $916,854,796 $11,927,426 $93,511,758 $2,017,454,644 Equip. & Accessories: $32,502,823 $88,543,640 $73,574,696 $25,036,360 $17,309,011 $236,966,530 Maine All Expenditures: $359,762,341 $474,351,661 $934,948,089 $490,918,556 $163,943,225 $2,423,923,871 Travel-related: $341,225,456 $447,034,173 $893,415,651 $468,250,037 $147,244,126 $2,297,169,443 Equip. & Accessories: $18,536,885 $27,317,487 $41,532,438 $22,668,519 $16,699,099 $126,754,428 Montana All Expenditures: $313,134,500 $58,730,785 $673,800,845 $226,760,462 $81,636,806 $1,354,063,398 Travel-related: $306,343,607 $42,788,016 $643,129,761 $192,487,252 $78,763,076 $1,263,511,713 Equip. & Accessories: $6,790,893 $15,942,769 $30,671,084 $34,273,209 $2,873,730 $90,551,685 Nevada All Expenditures: $483,474,548 $152,157,027 $474,997,133 $323,169,023 $31,997,769 $1,465,795,500 Travel-related: $457,478,651 $95,297,525 $409,640,417 $306,438,009 $31,723,727 $1,300,578,329 Equip. & Accessories: $25,995,897 $56,859,502 $65,356,716 $16,731,014 $274,042 $165,217,171 New Hampshire All Expenditures: $453,736,977 $77,474,447 $2,426,550,441 $544,989,692 $78,247,620 $3,580,999,177 Travel-related: $428,419,098 $52,782,243 $2,391,380,056 $504,216,727 $68,094,536 $3,444,892,659 Equip. & Accessories: $25,317,879 $24,692,204 $35,170,385 $40,772,965 $10,153,085 $136,106,518 New Mexico All Expenditures: $634,222,240 $308,565,537 $769,602,333 $420,117,086 $40,773,172 $2,173,280,369 Travel-related: $582,106,997 $273,995,523 $719,069,324 $407,936,219 $36,728,069 $2,019,836,133 Equip. & Accessories: $52,115,243 $34,570,014 $50,533,010 $12,180,867 $4,045,103 $153,444,236 New York All Expenditures: $1,530,857,961 $1,143,671,530 $4,062,741,906 $1,673,914,228 $1,010,244,766 $9,421,430,390 Travel-related: $1,314,582,032 $803,455,156 $3,552,289,125 $1,367,891,291 $860,172,581 $7,898,390,186 Equip. & Accessories: $216,275,929 $340,216,374 $510,452,780 $306,022,936 $150,072,185 $1,523,040,204

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Table D. Total Expenditures Per State (continued) N. Carolina All Expenditures: $983,654,662 $992,975,959 $1,866,131,324 $559,762,626 $363,107,776 $4,765,632,346 Travel-related: $906,742,482 $812,291,466 $1,722,037,751 $506,997,677 $309,440,907 $4,257,510,283 Equip. & Accessories: $76,912,181 $180,684,492 $144,093,573 $52,764,949 $53,666,869 $508,122,064 Oregon All Expenditures: $589,736,126 $464,435,058 $1,804,331,362 $515,892,191 $114,200,258 $3,488,594,995 Travel-related: $535,285,480 $394,499,737 $1,685,927,670 $504,671,122 $94,637,311 $3,215,021,320 Equip. & Accessories: $54,450,646 $69,935,321 $118,403,692 $11,221,069 $19,562,947 $273,573,676 Tennessee All Expenditures: $502,199,019 $1,191,033,224 $1,648,524,675 $51,322,958 $173,795,358 $3,566,875,234 Travel-related: $473,810,704 $1,062,463,171 $1,566,136,682 $23,070,919 $141,111,305 $3,266,592,781 Equip. & Accessories: $28,388,315 $128,570,053 $82,387,993 $28,252,039 $32,684,053 $300,282,453 Utah All Expenditures: $880,710,914 $630,930,354 $1,071,081,986 $463,940,666 $99,675,087 $3,146,339,006 Travel-related: $857,742,165 $581,937,350 $1,005,614,970 $440,415,672 $94,666,978 $2,980,377,134 Equip. & Accessories: $22,968,749 $48,993,005 $65,467,015 $23,524,994 $5,008,109 $165,961,872 Vermont All Expenditures: $292,067,350 $71,102,769 $861,608,608 $1,019,905,343 $50,915,952 $2,295,600,022 Travel-related: $283,743,048 $61,136,130 $844,634,980 $1,006,550,514 $45,788,841 $2,241,853,512 Equip. & Accessories: $8,324,302 $9,966,639 $16,973,629 $13,354,829 $5,127,112 $53,746,510 Washington All Expenditures: $1,009,450,111 $1,742,359,916 $3,582,187,506 $696,716,166 $153,994,573 $7,184,708,271 Travel-related: $861,462,217 $1,565,017,162 $3,318,209,374 $586,227,652 $88,175,746 $6,419,092,151 Equip. & Accessories: $147,987,895 $177,342,754 $263,978,132 $110,488,513 $65,818,827 $765,616,121 West Virginia All Expenditures: $278,782,192 $345,107,278 $2,663,589,898 $540,443,677 $126,623,885 $3,954,546,931 Travel-related: $265,217,153 $329,150,226 $2,590,342,404 $519,576,348 $121,047,181 $3,825,333,311 Equip. & Accessories: $13,565,039 $15,957,052 $73,247,494 $20,867,330 $5,576,704 $129,213,619 Wisconsin All Expenditures: $298,109,229 $541,199,770 $3,962,559,272 $305,810,453 $406,211,021 $5,513,889,744 Travel-related: $271,061,846 $469,803,157 $3,766,593,093 $282,480,138 $345,571,095 $5,135,509,329 Equip. & Accessories: $27,047,383 $71,396,612 $195,966,179 $23,330,314 $60,639,926 $378,380,415 Wyoming All Expenditures: $347,704,643 $102,208,625 $2,565,621,595 $182,390,235 $37,903,958 $3,235,829,057 Travel-related: $344,190,598 $96,849,633 $2,539,814,155 $173,202,546 $35,137,010 $3,189,193,941 Equip. & Accessories: $3,514,046 $5,358,993 $25,807,440 $9,187,689 $2,766,948 $46,635,116

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3.7 Calculating Economic Contributions The expenditures were analyzed by the IMPLAN model. IMPLAN®, developed by the Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc. of Stillwater, Minnesota, is an economic impact modeling system. This system allows the user to assess the economic impacts created by consumer and business expenditures at the local, state, regional and national levels. IMPLAN is an input-output model that explains the flow of goods and dollars from commodity suppliers, to manufacturers, to intermediaries and finally to the end user. Based on input data which is typically expenditures made in the industry in question, IMPLAN explains the dollars received by other industries and households as the beneficiary companies buy additional materials and pay their employees. See the “Definitions” section for a greater explanation of economic impacts. The IMPLAN model is based on a matrix describing the relationships between various sectors of the economy. This matrix is organized upon U.S. Census Bureau surveys of industry and commerce that track where their expenditures are typically made. In other words, this matrix explains that for every dollar received by industry (or economic sector) W, a cents are received by industry X, b cents are received by industry Y, and c cents are received by industry Z. An input-output analysis considers the many rounds of spending that occur as companies spend and respend the original dollars spent by the consumer. Each round of spending gets smaller as a portion of each expenditure leaves the region under study (sent to individuals or companies in other regions). These exports of funds from the study region are known as leakages. A leakage occurs when a business or individual spends their money outside of the study region for products or services that are either imported into the region or consumed outside of the study region. For example, a retailer in Colorado may purchase bicycles manufactured in the Great Lakes region. The dollars spent on the new bicycle inventory leave the state and are no longer a part of the Colorado economy. Each round of spending in the local economy becomes successively

SIDEBAR: The Economics of Outdoor Swimming

Outdoor swimming (pools, lakes, beaches, etc.) was considered in the original survey conducted as part of this project. For every dollar spent for the five active outdoor recreation categories presented in this report, an additional 24.6 cents were spent on outdoor swimming alone. For the original watersports category that included outdoor swimming, canoeing, rafting & kayaking, 71.5% of the reported dollars were for outdoor swimming. Recognizing that outdoor swimming, compared to the other recreation categories, may occur more often in the context of other activities such as a get-together with friends or family vacation, and the extra difficulty in separating expenditures made primarily for recreation versus other trip purposes, outdoor swimming was removed from this economic analysis. Including outdoor swimming could increase the overall economic contributions from active outdoor outdoor recreation for all states by an additional 24.6 %.

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smaller based on leakages. When the rounds of spending become too small to measure, the impact analysis stops. IMPLAN accounts for leakages. Using the IMPLAN software, the total expenditures for each region were entered. The outputs produced by the model were: Total Industry Output (TIO): Otherwise known as output, total multiplier effect, or

commonly referred to in the study as total economic contribution. “TIO” is the value of production by industry for a given time period. For IMPLAN, TIO is annual calendar year production. Output can be measured either by the total value of purchases by intermediate and final consumers, or by intermediate outlays plus value added. Output can also be thought of as value of sales plus or minus inventory.” (page 253, MIG, Inc., 1999).

Total Value Added: Also referred to as income or salaries/wages/business profits,

“Value added consists of four components; employee compensation; proprietor income; other property income; indirect business tax. Employee compensation is wage and salary payments as well as benefits including health and life insurance, retirement payments, and other non-cash compensation. It includes all income to workers paid by employers. Proprietary income consists of payments received by self-employed individuals as income. This is income recorded on Federal Tax Form 1040C. Proprietary income includes income received by private business owners, doctors, lawyers, and so forth. Any income a person receives for payment of self-employed work is counted. Other property type income consists of payments from interest, rents, royalties, and dividends paid by corporations. This also includes corporate profits earned by corporations. Indirect business taxes consist primarily of excise and sales taxes paid by individuals to businesses. These taxes occur during the normal operation of these businesses but do not include taxes on profit or income.” (page 249, MIG, Inc., 1999). Total Value Added is commonly referred to as earnings, or “salaries, wages and business profits.”

Employment: “Employment includes total wage and salary employees as well as self

employed jobs in a region. It includes both full-time and part time job workers and is measured in annual average jobs.” (page 231, MIG, Inc., 1999).

State and Federal Tax Revenues: Using standardized tax tables that consider the typical

taxes paid by companies and individuals in all economic sectors or industries, the IMPLAN model also projects the tax revenues earned by the state and federal government as a result of the initial expenditures in question.

For each state, economic contribution estimates were produced for all active outdoor recreation combined. Details for the five major categories were separated by breaking out the contributions according to the proportion of total expenditures represented by each of the five major categories. Assumptions and Caveats to the Impact Results:

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1) It was not feasible to produce statistics regarding the precision of the final

economic contribution estimates. Such statistics for the Harris Interactive outdoor survey results are provided in Appendix IV. To produce the national impact estimates, several numbers from the Harris data such as number of participants, mean expenditures per trip-related items and mean annual trips are combined. In addition, outside data are mixed in, such as Census population estimates and IMPLAN multipliers. Each data source has its own level of error, that once multiple sources of data are combined, developing precision estimates are not practically possible.

2) California and New Mexico adjustments: the initial results for California and New Mexico appeared to significantly overestimate the true impacts for biking (California) and snow sports (New Mexico). A closer look at the results showed the proportion of all outdoor recreation trips taken in each state for both activities were substantially greater than the proportion of trips taken at the regional level (per the July 2006 regional and national report). To bring these estimates back ‘in-bounds’, the number of trips were reduced to match the regional proportions. For California, the specific adjustment was for resident overnight trips for biking, and in New Mexico, the adjustment was made to non-resident overnight trips for snow sports.

The detailed retail sales, economic contributions, trips and participant estimates for all activities per state are presented in Appendix II. The term ‘retail sales’ has the same meaning as the term expenditures. Total economic activity has also been referred to as output. Salaries, wages and business earnings are also known as ‘Total Value Added.’ Employment includes both full- and part-time jobs. State tax revenues include sales, income, fuel and other taxes paid to state government, Federal tax revenues include personal and corporate incomes taxes, excise tax revenues and other federal tax generated by commerce. Table E summarizes the economic contributions of active outdoor recreation for the 21 states under study. Greater details regarding the contributions per state and per activity are in Appendix II.

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Table E. The Total Economic Impacts of Human-Powered (Non Wildlife-Based) Active Outdoor Recreation: (bicycle-based, camp-based, paddle-based, snow-based, and trail-based)

Retail Sales: Retail Sales: Total Total Multiplier Salaries State Tax Federal

Trip-Related $ Equip. & Accessories Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Revenues Income Taxes

Alaska $624,616,515 $90,871,839 $715,488,353 $876,918,242 $419,744,034 7,830 $61,671,039 $75,753,536

Arizona $3,641,941,414 $456,763,780 $4,098,705,194 $3,821,856,297 $2,240,750,736 49,002 $290,493,555 $218,756,196

California $21,451,251,837 $3,143,562,105 $24,594,813,942 $38,834,132,782 $19,850,432,972 337,608 $2,788,039,537 $1,999,930,584

Colorado $5,857,075,523 $635,313,837 $6,492,389,359 $7,956,689,493 $4,392,661,856 82,840 $428,361,722 $1,193,439,441

Idaho $1,603,942,906 $127,226,342 $1,731,169,248 $1,658,128,310 $914,282,226 27,285 $121,130,037 $113,406,704

Louisiana $2,017,454,644 $236,966,530 $2,254,421,174 $2,982,923,011 $1,397,765,213 30,851 $165,729,527 $150,245,905

Maine $2,297,169,443 $126,754,428 $2,423,923,871 $2,228,006,410 $1,252,654,177 35,800 $179,594,630 $190,244,311

Montana $1,263,511,713 $90,551,685 $1,354,063,398 $1,583,502,898 $705,803,591 20,392 $99,205,223 $141,051,809

Nevada $1,300,578,329 $165,217,171 $1,465,795,500 $1,299,164,978 $777,378,888 14,383 $95,221,875 $83,355,670

New Hampshire $3,444,892,659 $136,106,518 $3,580,999,177 $3,229,419,883 $1,928,883,814 45,812 $259,052,382 $255,931,324

New Mexico $2,019,836,133 $153,444,236 $2,173,280,369 $2,818,743,089 $1,367,939,797 34,104 $144,466,981 $13,093,100

New York $7,898,390,186 $1,523,040,204 $9,421,430,390 $9,777,308,033 $5,917,025,488 97,417 $679,312,225 $697,545,174

North Carolina $4,257,510,283 $508,122,064 $4,765,632,346 $4,853,251,950 $2,763,239,060 64,180 $336,005,945 $534,793,122

Oregon $3,215,021,320 $273,573,676 $3,488,594,995 $3,768,412,650 $2,177,817,857 50,050 $264,311,100 $321,371,571

Tennessee $3,266,592,781 $300,282,453 $3,566,875,234 $4,154,325,383 $2,179,282,528 45,337 $230,477,117 $220,072,001

Utah $2,980,377,134 $165,961,872 $3,146,339,006 $4,261,114,537 $2,086,732,976 46,186 $239,335,599 $610,427,613

Vermont $2,241,853,512 $53,746,510 $2,295,600,022 $2,062,821,027 $1,155,704,408 30,042 $174,259,282 $167,768,481

Washington $6,419,092,151 $765,616,121 $7,184,708,271 $9,362,291,187 $4,568,642,736 90,309 $565,929,271 $564,261,013

West Virginia $3,825,333,311 $129,213,619 $3,954,546,931 $4,334,148,141 $2,017,500,435 54,312 $246,920,347 $406,710,321

Wisconsin $5,135,509,329 $378,380,415 $5,513,889,744 $6,015,161,083 $3,243,521,938 84,549 $451,463,463 $341,045,546

Wyoming $3,189,193,941 $46,635,116 $3,235,829,057 $3,832,804,235 $1,758,230,120 44,230 $233,710,079 $418,702,750

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3.8 Estimating Wildlife-Based Recreation Contributions The size and contributions of fishing, hunting and wildlife-viewing were originally calculated by other sources. The sportfishing data were obtained from the American Sportfishing Association.13 Hunting data were obtained from the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies,14 and wildlife viewing impacts were obtained from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.15 All three source reports were based on the 2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. This survey is conducted every five years and is conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at the request and funding of the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (formerly known as the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies). The data obtained from the respective sources reported contributions as of 2001. Steps were taken to update the original data to reflect 2005. Those results were updated to 2005 based on changes in state-specific license sales trends (for fishing & hunting only) and inflation trends. Wildlife viewing does not require a license and could only be updated based on inflation trends. Fishing and hunting license data were obtained from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Sales data were only available through 2004. Adjustments from 2004 to 2005 were based on inflation data only. Several caveats and concerns about the estimates should be noted:

13 American Sportfishing Association. 2002. Sportfishing in America, Values of Our Traditional Pastime. Alexandria, VA. 14 Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. The Economic Contributions of Hunting, 2001. Washington, D.C. 15 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The 2001 National and State Economic Impacts of Wildlife Viewing. Arlington, VA.

SIDEBAR: The Magnitude of Trip Impacts Versus Equipment Impacts A dollar spent for trip-related items, such as a hotel night or a restaurant meal, typically exchanges hands more often and generates greater economic activity. Dollars spent on equipment tend to exit the economy, often to overseas manufacturers. Based on the results of this study’s primary research (the five activity categories surveyed by Harris), the table below reports how much greater the contributions are for the average trip-related dollar spent by an outdoor recreationist compared to the average equipment dollar.

Total Economic Activity: 25.0% Salaries, Wages, Business Earnings: 15.3% Employment: 13.7% State Tax Revenues: 8.0% Federal Tax Revenues: 12.1%

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1. The expenditure data from the 2001 National Survey included many items not collected in the Harris Survey commissioned by the OIF for the purpose of this study. The 2001 National Survey included big-ticket items such as vehicles and boats, real estate and more. The percentage of expenditures credited to equipment for the wildlife-based activities are much higher than in the OIF data. Removing these big-ticket items from the wildlife-based estimates cuts the hunting equipment estimates by two-thirds, the fishing equipment estimates by three-quarters and the wildlife viewing equipment figures by two-thirds. These edits are made in the state impact summaries presented in this report.

2. The states will not sum to the U.S. total as a person could have participated in more than one state.

3. The figures above only include participants 16 years old and older. There are additional economic impacts generated by minors.

4. The U.S. total does not equal the sum of state data as economic activity across state borders are not included in the state totals, in addition to other factors. The U.S. data include the economic effects of interstate trade and therefore are greater than a summation of the state data would yield.

5. The fishing and hunting expenditures reported here are greater than those reported in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service publications relating to the 2001 National Survey. Sportsmen often attributed purchases to both fishing and hunting (especially vehicles and big-ticket items). These items were not included in the Service's reports. Such items were estimated in the source documents by prorating each item's cost based on each respondent's total days of hunting and fishing activity.

6. The sum of the state expenditures (retail sales) does not equal the listed U.S. total as many sportsmen did not report the state of purchase. Such purchases are included only in the U.S. total.

7. The combined economic contributions are strictly estimates. A different model was used to estimate the wildlife viewing contributions (IMPLAN) than used for the fishing and hunting contributions (RIMS-II). Combining results is not scientifically precise. The results should be considered estimates only. Combining the retail sales estimates is accurate as retail sales are not based on the economic models and were derived from the same source.

Please note that an unknown level of double counting may exist. A person may have responded to the 2001 National Survey that a trip was primarily for hunting, yet in the OIF survey reported the same trip as a camping trip, for example. In such cases the trip would be double counted. The likelihood of this occurring is very low. Note: Wildlife viewing nationally included 28 million participants in “backyard birding” or “watching birds around the home” who may not be deemed by some as participating in “active outdoor recreation.” The “backyard birders” were left in the study since there was not exact crossover data available with other wildlife viewing to eliminate an exact percentage of the “backyard birders.” Moreover, many “backyard birders” are active in creating a natural environment for birding and photography. Logistically excluding the “backyard birders” would be problematic since wildlife viewing expenditures were not designated by participant type.

27

Table F summarizes the economic contributions of active outdoor recreation for the 21 states understudy. Greater details regarding the contributions per state and per activity are in Appendix II.

Table F: Economic Contributions of Wildlife-Based Recreation Retail Sales: Retail Sales: Total Total Multiplier Salaries State Tax Federal

Trip-Related $ Equip. & Accessories Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Revenues Income Taxes

Alaska $754,646,681 $241,087,215 $995,493,240 $1,607,805,117 $417,022,960 20,517 $4,369,437 $44,260,062

Arizona $420,987,407 $416,806,755 $837,370,483 $1,510,779,809 $414,576,254 16,838 $52,100,595 $56,883,738

California $2,012,312,800 $1,530,026,416 $3,539,641,971 $7,186,176,332 $2,000,168,566 71,062 $300,401,092 $310,382,700

Colorado $684,037,582 $460,848,409 $1,131,996,287 $2,238,724,632 $623,719,357 24,429 $66,110,823 $96,434,427

Idaho $271,437,259 $220,102,918 $487,651,268 $816,967,812 $195,873,514 10,157 $32,453,917 $19,309,895

Louisiana $597,452,430 $347,595,643 $945,048,073 $1,698,511,663 $402,258,587 17,725 $59,289,977 $59,581,342

Maine $284,859,726 $241,436,916 $526,296,642 $878,359,944 $233,553,206 11,921 $30,793,845 $23,562,058

Montana $362,357,102 $227,372,239 $578,892,701 $974,514,581 $248,179,013 14,143 $19,070,429 $23,413,414

Nevada $166,035,999 $178,786,974 $344,441,514 $528,470,197 $130,676,850 4,944 $20,903,275 $20,053,482

New Hampshire $181,000,482 $188,906,531 $369,907,012 $632,074,834 $166,863,953 7,504 $2,805,088 $23,734,326

New Mexico $297,024,141 $285,786,089 $578,995,085 $980,672,814 $255,769,597 13,209 $39,221,517 $24,651,564

New York $944,404,617 $930,381,461 $1,874,786,078 $3,383,129,683 $913,178,376 32,602 $113,345,952 $138,054,558

North Carolina $787,425,502 $549,505,811 $1,336,931,313 $2,656,414,143 $698,342,079 30,449 $93,667,679 $95,441,046

Oregon $583,010,120 $514,393,990 $1,094,649,577 $2,020,869,090 $518,372,098 23,143 $46,245,075 $67,197,537

Tennessee $523,801,143 $492,949,892 $1,016,751,036 $2,097,979,511 $528,279,508 21,964 $66,698,310 $80,717,112

Utah $416,142,167 $366,617,573 $779,345,048 $1,539,423,532 $417,992,296 19,532 $59,984,004 $42,370,742

Vermont $130,762,407 $110,134,135 $240,896,542 $390,199,544 $103,817,799 5,874 $13,246,780 $10,926,034

Washington $716,687,615 $599,986,137 $1,316,673,751 $2,357,648,208 $630,636,734 25,149 $86,963,413 $95,534,094

West Virginia $179,590,235 $169,303,069 $348,893,303 $565,190,575 $128,803,213 6,726 $25,319,486 $12,117,326

Wisconsin $1,050,846,853 $907,986,307 $1,958,833,160 $3,689,243,317 $971,655,188 44,508 $120,215,578 $102,755,850

Wyoming $244,131,188 $147,887,554 $384,557,189 $609,569,711 $141,875,540 8,019 $15,473,521 $15,668,796

28

3.9 The Combined Effects of All Outdoor Recreation

Equating Equipment Expenditures between the Two Surveys The equipment & services recorded by the two surveys differ. In the 2001 National Survey (fishing, hunting and wildlife-viewing), expenditures for vehicles, boats, real estate and other “big ticket” (or “special equipment”) items were included. “Other expenditures” which included “land leasing and ownership” were also estimated. These were not recorded by the OIF survey. Including big-ticket expenditures in a survey is valid and reasonable as long as those expenditures were made for the specific reason of recreation (versus investment or primary housing, etc.). The 2001 National Survey inquires for primary-purpose expenditures only. To create consistent equipment expenditure estimates between the two surveys, “special equipment” expenditure items were removed from the 2001 National Survey. Only “licenses, stamps, tags, permits” and “magazines, books” were retained from the “other expenditures” category reported in the 2001 National Survey. These adjustments allowed the two data sources to become comparable

Adjustments and Caveats about the Wildlife-Based Recreation Estimates 1) The survey methodologies used to calculate the economic contributions of the five

active outdoor recreation categories (bicycle, camp, paddle, snow, and trail based recreation) differed from the wildlife based recreation categories (fishing, hunting and wildlife-viewing). Without information explaining how to standardize results from the two different surveys, the results are left as-is.

2) The wildlife based results were originally developed in 2001 and updating the results to 2005 which introduces some unknown level of error.

3) The fishing and hunting results were developed using a different economic model (RIMS). When comparing the combined effects of wildlife-based recreation with the other five active outdoor recreations, use the retail sales figures. This approach eliminates the unknown effects of using different economic models and does not speculate too far from the bounds of the data available. The expenditure totals are found in the pages titled, “Active Outdoor Recreation Picture by Census Divisions” and “National and Census Divisions Totals” of the study.

Table G presents the estimated economic contributions of combined active outdoor recreation and wildlife-based recreation. Table H lists retail sales per state and the percentage of each state’s Gross State Product represented by outdoor recreation. Appendix III summarizes the economic contributions for fishing, hunting and wildlife-viewing respectively per state. If greater detail is desired, please refer to the specific reports (ASA, Association of Wildlife Agencies, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).

29

Table G: Estimated Combined Impacts of Human-Powered and Wildlife-Based Recreation

Retail Sales: Retail Sales: Total Total Multiplier Salaries State Tax Federal

Trip-Related $ Equip. & Accessories Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Revenues Income Taxes

Alaska $1,379,263,196 $331,959,054 $1,710,981,593 $2,484,723,359 $836,766,994 28,346 $66,040,476 $120,013,598

Arizona $4,062,928,821 $873,570,535 $4,936,075,677 $5,332,636,106 $2,655,326,990 65,839 $342,594,150 $275,639,934

California $23,463,564,637 $4,673,588,521 $28,134,455,913 $46,020,309,114 $21,850,601,538 408,670 $3,088,440,629 $2,310,313,284

Colorado $6,541,113,105 $1,096,162,245 $7,624,385,647 $10,195,414,125 $5,016,381,213 107,269 $494,472,545 $1,289,873,868

Idaho $1,875,380,166 $347,329,260 $2,218,820,517 $2,475,096,122 $1,110,155,740 37,442 $153,583,953 $132,716,600

Louisiana $2,614,907,074 $584,562,173 $3,199,469,247 $4,681,434,674 $1,800,023,800 48,576 $225,019,503 $209,827,247

Maine $2,582,029,169 $368,191,344 $2,950,220,513 $3,106,366,354 $1,486,207,383 47,721 $210,388,474 $213,806,369

Montana $1,625,868,815 $317,923,924 $1,932,956,099 $2,558,017,479 $953,982,604 34,534 $118,275,652 $164,465,223

Nevada $1,466,614,328 $344,004,145 $1,810,237,015 $1,827,635,175 $908,055,738 19,327 $116,125,150 $103,409,152

New Hampshire $3,625,893,141 $325,013,048 $3,950,906,189 $3,861,494,717 $2,095,747,767 53,316 $261,857,470 $279,665,650

New Mexico $2,316,860,274 $439,230,325 $2,752,275,454 $3,799,415,903 $1,623,709,394 47,313 $183,688,497 $37,744,665

New York $8,842,794,803 $2,453,421,666 $11,296,216,468 $13,160,437,716 $6,830,203,864 130,019 $792,658,176 $835,599,731

North Carolina $5,044,935,785 $1,057,627,874 $6,102,563,659 $7,509,666,093 $3,461,581,139 94,630 $429,673,624 $630,234,167

Oregon $3,798,031,439 $787,967,666 $4,583,244,573 $5,789,281,740 $2,696,189,955 73,193 $310,556,175 $388,569,108

Tennessee $3,790,393,924 $793,232,345 $4,583,626,269 $6,252,304,894 $2,707,562,036 67,301 $297,175,427 $300,789,113

Utah $3,396,519,302 $532,579,445 $3,925,684,054 $5,800,538,069 $2,504,725,272 65,718 $299,319,602 $652,798,356

Vermont $2,372,615,919 $163,880,644 $2,536,496,564 $2,453,020,571 $1,259,522,207 35,916 $187,506,061 $178,694,515

Washington $7,135,779,766 $1,365,602,257 $8,501,382,023 $11,719,939,395 $5,199,279,470 115,458 $652,892,683 $659,795,107

West Virginia $4,004,923,546 $298,516,688 $4,303,440,234 $4,899,338,716 $2,146,303,648 61,038 $272,239,834 $418,827,647

Wisconsin $6,186,356,182 $1,286,366,722 $7,472,722,904 $9,704,404,400 $4,215,177,126 129,057 $571,679,041 $443,801,395

Wyoming $3,433,325,128 $194,522,670 $3,620,386,246 $4,442,373,946 $1,900,105,660 52,248 $249,183,599 $434,371,547

30

Table H: States Ranked By Retail Sales as a Percentage of Gross State Products

Retail Sales as a

% of gross state

product Total Retail Sales Wyoming 17.53% $3,620,386,246 Vermont 12.02% $2,536,496,564 West Virginia 9.42% $4,303,440,234 New Hampshire 7.80% $3,950,906,189 Montana 7.59% $1,932,956,099 Maine 7.42% $2,950,220,513 Alaska 5.73% $1,710,981,593 Idaho 5.10% $2,218,820,517 Utah 4.95% $3,920,119,260 New Mexico 4.60% $2,752,275,454 Colorado 3.95% $7,613,037,267 Wisconsin 3.84% $7,472,722,904 Washington 3.55% $8,501,382,023 Oregon 3.35% $4,583,244,573 Arizona 2.50% $4,936,075,677 Louisiana 2.36% $3,199,469,247 Tennessee 2.26% $4,583,626,269 North Carolina 1.98% $6,102,563,659 California 1.91% $28,134,455,913 Nevada 1.87% $1,810,237,015 New York 1.30% $11,296,216,468

31

3.10 Taxes The jobs and taxes estimates were based on multiplying the expenditures of related goods, services and trips. For the five active outdoor recreations analyzed by the IMPLAN model, multipliers were provided by the model that estimated tax contributions. For the wildlife-based recreations, the RIMS model did not provide such multipliers. Instead, tax contributions were estimated by multiplying appropriate federal and state-specific tax rates, combined with appropriate deductions and exemptions, with the retail and income estimates. State and federal income taxes are calculated as are sales taxes and motor fuel tax. 3.11 State-Specific Results Versus Regional Summaries In 2006, the released a report on the national and regional economic impacts of outdoor recreation. That report included the same activities and methodologies as in this report. However, based on the different size of the areas examined, state versus multi-state regions, the sum of the state results in this report will not necessarily equal the regional results. This is based on the following reasons:

1. The biggest difference in the two studies relates to the average expenditure substitutions. As explained in section 3.6, the sample size for specific expenditures were low, which could result in estimates relatively far from the true mean. This happened in the regional report, and based on the smaller geographic size of states, happened more often at the state level. To help reduce possible overestimates, an adjustment was made. Whenever an estimate for a specific expenditure item was 25 percent greater than the national estimate for the same item, the state or regional estimate was replaced with the national estimate. When expenditure estimates were 25 percent lower than the national estimates, they were left as-is to help maintain a level of conservatism. This caused state-level estimates to be lower than regional estimates as substitutions were much more frequent. Some item expenditures were cut by much more than one-half per this adjustment.

2. Adjustments were made to New Mexico snow sports and California bicycling impacts. Each state had participation estimates that were significantly higher than the regional average, based on the percentage of participants were participate in those activities. The participation rates for these states were reduced to match the regional participation rates.

32

Bibliography American Sportfishing Association. 2002. Sportfishing in America, Values of Our Traditional Pastime. Alexandria, VA. International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. The Economic Contributions of Hunting, 2001. Washington, D.C. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The 2001 National and State Economic Impacts of Wildlife Viewing. Arlington, VA. MIG, Inc., 1999. IMPLAN Professional: User’s Guide, Analysis Guide, Data Guide. Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc., Stillwater, MN. ® 1999 MIG, Inc. All rights reserved. U.S. Census Bureau, Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States and States, and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005 (NST-EST2005-01). Population Division. December, 2005. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer Price Index web page (http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/cpicalc.pl). 2004. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 2002. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fishing and hunting license sales per state, 2001-2004. Unpublished data. Division of Federal Aid. Arlington, VA. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The 2001 National and State Economic Impacts of Wildlife Viewing. Arlington, VA.

33

Appendix I:

X Means the State-Level Expenditure Items Were Substituted for the National Average

(when state values were greater than 25% of the national average, the substitution was made.)

Alaska I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

Lodging

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children X

Equipment, for self X X X

Equipment, for children

X X X

Accessories, for self X

Accessories, for children

Services, for self

Services, for children

TOTAL

34

Arizona I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X

Transportation X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X X X

Transportation X X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

Lodging X X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children

Equipment, for self X

Equipment, for children

X X X

Accessories, for self X

Accessories, for children

X

Services, for self X

Services, for children

X

TOTAL

35

California* I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

Lodging

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X X

Apparel, for children

Equipment, for self X

Equipment, for children

X

Accessories, for self X

Accessories, for children

Services, for self X X

Services, for children

X

TOTAL

* California was originally developed as a region that incorporated Hawaii's data. Efforts were made to reduce the results to exclude all Hawaii effects, but some error may remain.

36

Colorado I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

Lodging

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X X X

Apparel, for children X X X

Equipment, for self X

Equipment, for children

X X X

Accessories, for self X X

Accessories, for children

X X X

Services, for self X X

Services, for children

X X X

TOTAL

37

Idaho I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X

Transportation X X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

Lodging X X X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children X X

Equipment, for self

Equipment, for children

X X

Accessories, for self

Accessories, for children

X X

Services, for self X

Services, for children

X

TOTAL

38

Louisiana I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X X X

Transportation X X X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X X X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X X X X

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X X

Transportation X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X X

Lodging X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X X X

Apparel, for children X X X X X

Equipment, for self X X

Equipment, for children

X X X

Accessories, for self X X

Accessories, for children

X X X X

Services, for self X X

Services, for children

X X X

TOTAL

39

Maine I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X X

Transportation X X X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X X

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

Lodging X X X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children X

Equipment, for self X

Equipment, for children

X X

Accessories, for self X X

Accessories, for children

Services, for self X X

Services, for children

X X

TOTAL

40

Montana I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X X

Transportation X X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X X

Lodging X X X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children X

Equipment, for self X

Equipment, for children

X

Accessories, for self X

Accessories, for children

Services, for self

Services, for children

TOTAL

41

Nevada I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

Lodging

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self

Apparel, for children X

Equipment, for self X

Equipment, for children

X

Accessories, for self

Accessories, for children

X

Services, for self X X

Services, for children

TOTAL

42

New Hampshire I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X

Transportation X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X

Transportation X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

Lodging X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children X

Equipment, for self X

Equipment, for children

X

Accessories, for self

Accessories, for children

Services, for self

Services, for children

X X

TOTAL

43

New Mexico I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X X X

Transportation X X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X X

Transportation X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

Lodging X X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children X X

Equipment, for self X X

Equipment, for children

X

Accessories, for self X

Accessories, for children

X

Services, for self X

Services, for children

X X

TOTAL

44

New York I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

Lodging

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children X X

Equipment, for self X X X

Equipment, for children

Accessories, for self X X

Accessories, for children

Services, for self X X

Services, for children

X X X

TOTAL

45

North Carolina I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation X X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X

Lodging X X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children X

Equipment, for self X

Equipment, for children

Accessories, for self X

Accessories, for children

X

Services, for self X

Services, for children

X X

TOTAL

46

Oregon I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X

Transportation X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X

Lodging X X X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children

Equipment, for self X X

Equipment, for children

Accessories, for self

Accessories, for children

X

Services, for self X X X

Services, for children

X X X

TOTAL

47

Tennessee I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

Lodging X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self

Apparel, for children X

Equipment, for self X

Equipment, for children

X X

Accessories, for self

Accessories, for children

X X

Services, for self X X

Services, for children

TOTAL

48

Utah I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X

Transportation X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

Lodging

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self

Apparel, for children

Equipment, for self

Equipment, for children

Accessories, for self X

Accessories, for children

Services, for self

Services, for children

TOTAL

49

Vermont I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X

Lodging X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children X X

Equipment, for self X X

Equipment, for children

X X X X

Accessories, for self X

Accessories, for children

X

Services, for self

Services, for children

X

TOTAL

50

Washington I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X X X

Transportation X X X X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X X X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X

Lodging X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X X X

Apparel, for children

Equipment, for self X X

Equipment, for children

Accessories, for self X X

Accessories, for children

Services, for self X X X

Services, for children

TOTAL

51

West Virginia I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

Lodging X X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children

Equipment, for self

Equipment, for children

Accessories, for self

Accessories, for children

Services, for self

Services, for children

TOTAL

52

Wisconsin I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities X

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X X

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous X

Lodging X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X X

Apparel, for children X

Equipment, for self

Equipment, for children

Accessories, for self

Accessories, for children

X

Services, for self

Services, for children

TOTAL

53

Wyoming I. RESIDENT DAY TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink X

Transportation

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

TOTAL

II. RESIDENT OVERNIGHT TRIPS

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Food & Drink

Transportation X

Recreation, Entertainment & Activities

Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous

Lodging X

TOTAL

V. RESIDENT EQUIPMENT & SERVICES:

Trail Bicycle Camping Snow

Sports Paddle Sports

Apparel, for self X

Apparel, for children

Equipment, for self X

Equipment, for children

Accessories, for self X

Accessories, for children

X

Services, for self

Services, for children

X

TOTAL

54

Appendix II:

Detailed Results: Total Expenditure, Economic Contribution,

Trip and Participation Estimates for Active Outdoor Recreation, Per State

Important notes:

1) These results are for illustrative purposes only. They describe how the

total state active outdoor economic figures were calculated. Do not reprint state activity category level economic figures (for example – camping in Nevada). Limitations in sample size create large plausible ranges for some state activity category level economic figures.

The estimates of the percentage of state populations participating in an activity as presented in this appendix vary slightly when compared to Table B in this report. The population estimates used in this appendix are based on 2004 population data as available from “Table 1-RES: Estimates of the Resident Population by Selected Age Groups for the United States and States and for Puerto Rico: July 1, 2004 (SC-EST2004-01-RES) , Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau,” released February 2005. These data in this appendix were based on the 2006 OIF national and regional study which used the latest data available at that time. The data in Table B, produced in 2007, were based on July, 2005 population estimates also from the U.S. Census Bureau.

55

Arizona All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $87,567,492 $346,264,910 $723,827,613 $65,137,470 $23,594,320 $1,246,391,804 Transportation $93,791,779 $331,798,942 $660,889,335 $105,647,184 $20,386,047 $1,212,513,287 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $24,616,786 $54,002,088 $359,867,840 $96,310,218 $20,113,159 $554,910,090 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $21,853,253 $64,606,274 $158,171,565 $7,364,658 $1,987,688 $253,983,438 Lodging $48,888,644 $0 $215,018,178 $98,144,204 $12,091,768 $374,142,794 Total Travel Costs = $276,717,954 $796,672,214 $2,117,774,530 $372,603,733 $78,172,982 $3,641,941,414 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $16,567,095 $24,711,691 $32,491,849 $30,408,133 $5,059,918 $109,238,686 Equipment $12,285,529 $67,630,343 $94,270,656 $21,961,143 $3,944,201 $200,091,872 Accessories $5,346,506 $22,541,967 $45,077,180 $8,967,275 $8,319,040 $90,251,969 Services $4,288,308 $6,111,874 $33,592,567 $7,806,701 $5,381,804 $57,181,254 TOTAL = $38,487,438 $120,995,875 $205,432,253 $69,143,252 $22,704,962 $456,763,780 TOTAL = $315,205,392 $917,668,089 $2,323,206,783 $441,746,986 $100,877,944 $4,098,705,194 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $25,176,028 $0 $165,241,616 $286,066 $9,800,212 $200,503,923 Transportation $27,864,129 $0 $152,654,342 $257,460 $8,508,859 $189,284,790 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $6,791,633 $0 $81,803,437 $357,583 $8,974,028 $97,926,681 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $7,155,747 $0 $35,892,726 $42,910 $705,103 $43,796,487 Lodging $18,360,693 $0 $56,419,355 $0 $4,289,377 $79,069,425 Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $85,348,230 $0 $492,011,477 $944,019 $32,277,579 $610,581,305 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 27.7% 27.4% 25.4% 6.8% 7.6% 4,196,574 Number of Participants (residents) 1,164,256 1,151,671 1,067,921 284,229 320,680 2,716,018 % of Participants: 42.9% 42.4% 39.3% 10.5% 11.8% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 5,632,336 23,464,285 4,243,427 1,023,226 341,524 34,704,798 Primary Resident Overnight 1,761,985 2,540,031 3,922,977 592,145 207,618 9,024,754 Total Primary Resident Trips: 7,394,321 26,004,316 8,166,403 1,615,370 549,142 43,729,552 % of Trips: 16.9% 59.5% 18.7% 3.7% 1.3% 100.0%

56

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 852,350 0 922,531 8,187 314,601 2,097,669

Primary Non-Resident Overnight 976,113 0 1,285,437 0 105,133 2,366,683 Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 1,828,463 0 2,207,968 8,187 419,733 4,464,351 % of Trips: 41.0% 0.0% 49.5% 0.2% 9.4% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 9,222,784 26,004,316 10,374,371 1,623,558 968,875 48,193,904 % of Trips: 19.1% 54.0% 21.5% 3.4% 2.0% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $197 $797 $1,715 $1,551 $214 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $25.88 $30.64 $199.08 $230.08 $83.58 Non-Residents $46.68 $0.00 $222.83 $115.30 $76.90

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $85,348,230 $0 $492,011,477 $944,019 $32,277,579 $610,581,305 Total Economic Activity (output): $84,251,908 $0 $485,691,454 $931,893 $31,862,965 $602,738,220 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $49,335,759 $0 $284,408,472 $545,693 $18,658,136 $352,948,059 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 1,075 0 6,199 12 407 7,693 State Tax Revenues: $6,254,708 $0 $36,056,849 $69,182 $2,365,448 $44,746,187 Federal Tax Revenues: $4,811,636 $0 $27,737,894 $53,221 $1,819,698 $34,422,449 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $315,205,392 $917,668,089 $2,323,206,783 $441,746,986 $100,877,944 $4,098,705,194 Travel-related Only: $276,717,954 $796,672,214 $2,117,774,530 $372,603,733 $78,172,982 $3,641,941,414 Equipment & Accessories Only: $38,487,438 $120,995,875 $205,432,253 $69,143,252 $22,704,962 $456,763,780 Total Economic Activity (output): $293,914,701 $855,683,783 $2,166,284,730 $411,908,986 $94,064,098 $3,821,856,297 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $172,321,911 $501,686,593 $1,270,090,691 $241,501,849 $55,149,692 $2,240,750,736 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 3,768 10,971 27,775 5,281 1,206 49,002 State Tax Revenues: $22,340,015 $65,039,239 $164,656,048 $31,308,583 $7,149,671 $290,493,555 Federal Tax Revenues: $16,823,150 $48,977,804 $123,994,250 $23,576,931 $5,384,060 $218,756,196

57

Alaska

All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $28,693,230 $14,203,994 $116,327,558 $30,726,142 $12,436,721 $202,387,645 Transportation $50,834,750 $6,526,892 $129,241,989 $28,705,738 $11,148,390 $226,457,759 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $4,782,205 $5,632,712 $45,403,720 $26,487,747 $10,931,191 $93,237,574 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $2,117,221 $681,464 $15,107,289 $7,255,040 $439,712 $25,600,725 Lodging $12,324,686 $3,439,033 $15,710,433 $42,283,726 $3,174,934 $76,932,812

Total Travel Costs = $98,752,091 $30,484,095 $321,790,988 $135,458,392 $38,130,948 $624,616,515 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $3,193,980 $3,658,651 $6,178,873 $7,192,549 $2,458,334 $22,682,387 Equipment $2,673,289 $10,293,058 $17,158,615 $5,530,961 $4,844,572 $40,500,494 Accessories $2,592,962 $1,994,907 $7,786,918 $2,964,374 $2,353,963 $17,693,123 Services $1,090,381 $693,488 $5,901,477 $1,934,175 $376,312 $9,995,834 TOTAL = $9,550,611 $16,640,105 $37,025,884 $17,622,059 $10,033,180 $90,871,839 TOTAL = $108,302,703 $47,124,200 $358,816,872 $153,080,451 $48,164,128 $715,488,353

Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $14,499,381 $0 $17,350,877 $0 $2,970,343 $34,820,600 Transportation $25,733,340 $0 $20,269,002 $0 $2,096,713 $48,099,055 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $2,416,563 $0 $7,050,064 $0 $3,407,158 $12,873,786 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $1,065,763 $0 $2,181,597 $0 $87,363 $3,334,723 Lodging $6,413,343 $0 $1,826,796 $0 $0 $8,240,139

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $50,128,390 $0 $48,678,336 $0 $8,561,578 $107,368,304 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 39.3% 33.9% 38.5% 19.7% 19.8% 467,206 Number of Participants (residents) 183,504 158,526 179,861 92,249 92,296 305,035 % of Participants: 60.2% 52.0% 59.0% 30.2% 30.3% 100.0%

Number of Primary Trips:

Primary Resident Day Trips 1,277,376 1,518,860 646,874 723,043 303,377 4,469,530 Primary Resident Overnight 364,746 403,420 840,090 407,431 130,375 2,146,061

58

Total Primary Resident Trips: 1,642,122 1,922,281 1,486,964 1,130,474 433,751 6,615,592 % of Trips: 24.8% 29.1% 22.5% 17.1% 6.6% 100.0% Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,180,619 0 167,733 0 158,611 1,506,963 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 364,498 0 101,817 0 0 466,315

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 1,545,117 0 269,550 0 158,611 1,973,278 % of Trips: 78.3% 0.0% 13.7% 0.0% 8.0% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 3,187,239 1,922,281 1,756,514 1,130,474 592,362 8,588,870

% of Trips: 37.1% 22.4% 20.5% 13.2% 6.9% 100.0% Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $317 $297 $1,724 $1,659 $429 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $29.61 $15.86 $183.67 $119.82 $68.17 Non-Residents $32.44 $0.00 $180.59 $0.00 $53.98 Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $50,128,390 $0 $48,678,336 $0 $8,561,578 $107,368,304 Total Economic Activity (output): $67,623,964 $0 $65,667,818 $0 $11,549,699 $144,841,481 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $29,568,467 $0 $28,713,146 $0 $5,050,087 $63,331,700 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 513 0 499 0 88 1,100 State Tax Revenues: $4,218,840 $0 $4,096,802 $0 $720,548 $9,036,191 Federal Tax Revenues: $5,285,591 $0 $5,132,696 $0 $902,742 $11,321,028 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $108,302,703 $47,124,200 $358,816,872 $153,080,451 $48,164,128 $715,488,353 Travel-related Only: $98,752,091 $30,484,095 $321,790,988 $135,458,392 $38,130,948 $624,616,515 Equipment & Accessories Only: $9,550,611 $16,640,105 $37,025,884 $17,622,059 $10,033,180 $90,871,839 Total Economic Activity (output): $132,738,172 $57,756,454 $439,773,840 $187,618,763 $59,031,013 $876,918,242 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $63,536,203 $27,645,596 $210,501,318 $89,805,244 $28,255,673 $419,744,034 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 1,185 516 3,926 1,675 527 7,830 State Tax Revenues: $9,335,079 $4,061,839 $30,927,980 $13,194,667 $4,151,475 $61,671,039 Federal Tax Revenues: $11,466,731 $4,989,354 $37,990,341 $16,207,651 $5,099,458 $75,753,536

59

California All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $840,113,309 $2,040,686,340 $2,953,624,284 $831,234,357 $996,906,618 $7,662,564,908 Transportation $964,286,186 $1,359,578,170 $2,314,415,970 $827,287,483 $958,353,454 $6,423,921,262 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $420,071,449 $925,702,937 $885,123,100 $763,859,393 $813,711,769 $3,808,468,648 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $326,408,268 $538,865,160 $387,943,230 $251,355,941 $215,458,684 $1,720,031,282 Lodging $280,209,138 $526,819,499 $597,568,715 $260,230,319 $171,438,065 $1,836,265,736 Total Travel Costs = $2,831,088,350 $5,391,652,106 $7,138,675,299 $2,933,967,492 $3,155,868,590 $21,451,251,837 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $177,078,074 $213,741,378 $150,116,114 $188,662,393 $127,013,263 $856,611,222 Equipment $85,849,978 $609,030,867 $261,945,465 $179,875,983 $42,626,751 $1,179,329,044 Accessories $73,977,539 $161,493,595 $215,551,500 $84,281,365 $87,191,631 $622,495,630 Services $102,107,974 $96,691,302 $157,238,248 $28,816,518 $100,272,166 $485,126,209 TOTAL = $439,013,566 $1,080,957,142 $784,851,327 $481,636,260 $357,103,811 $3,143,562,105 TOTAL = $3,270,101,916 $6,472,609,248 $7,923,526,625 $3,415,603,752 $3,512,972,401 $24,594,813,942 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $153,178,213 $34,660,231 $339,674,013 $44,597,833 $87,006,226 $659,116,515 Transportation $175,390,149 $25,988,380 $252,958,265 $45,460,235 $73,818,525 $573,615,553 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $67,843,332 $16,262,909 $103,386,268 $41,556,974 $61,389,602 $290,439,085 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $51,888,799 $7,997,257 $49,539,994 $12,674,113 $18,277,165 $140,377,327 Lodging $89,616,438 $16,349,969 $114,881,528 $20,849,772 $41,749,137 $283,446,843 Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $537,916,931 $101,258,746 $860,440,066 $165,138,926 $282,240,654 $1,946,995,324 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 33.9% 28.4% 18.5% 8.8% 11.2% 26,297,336 Number of Participants (residents) 8,905,167 7,467,740 4,862,899 2,324,238 2,956,918 18,267,751 % of Participants: 48.7% 40.9% 26.6% 12.7% 16.2% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 37,889,144 98,403,088 25,878,466 14,244,004 25,305,841 201,720,542 Primary Resident Overnight 6,260,092 15,931,020 12,486,976 3,528,800 3,223,041 41,429,928

Total Primary Resident Trips: 44,149,235 114,334,107 38,365,442 17,772,803 28,528,882 243,150,470 % of Trips: 18.2% 47.0% 15.8% 7.3% 11.7% 100.0%

60

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 4,110,570 831,984 1,733,389 533,833 950,781 8,160,557 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 2,711,246 470,000 2,737,464 283,104 955,690 7,157,504

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 6,821,816 1,301,984 4,470,853 816,937 1,906,471 15,318,061 % of Trips: 44.5% 8.5% 29.2% 5.3% 12.4% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 50,971,051 115,636,091 42,836,295 18,589,740 30,435,353 258,468,531

% of Trips: 19.7% 44.7% 16.6% 7.2% 11.8% 100.0% Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $307 $853 $1,452 $1,399 $1,093

(travel expenditures + equipment &

services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $51.94 $46.27 $163.64 $155.79 $100.73 Non-Residents $78.85 $77.77 $192.46 $202.14 $148.04

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL:

Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $537,916,931 $101,258,746 $860,440,066 $165,138,926 $282,240,654 $1,946,995,324

Total Economic Activity (output): $834,886,324 $157,160,963 $1,335,465,763 $256,307,662 $438,058,088 $3,021,878,801 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $421,598,155 $79,362,627 $674,379,117 $129,429,402 $221,209,135 $1,525,978,437 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 7,118 1,340 11,386 2,185 3,735 25,764 State Tax Revenues: $58,783,684 $11,065,579 $94,029,085 $18,046,419 $30,843,322 $212,768,089 Federal Tax Revenues: $42,373,466 $7,976,481 $67,779,662 $13,008,530 $22,233,014 $153,371,153 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $3,270,101,916 $6,472,609,248 $7,923,526,625 $3,415,603,752 $3,512,972,401 $24,594,813,942 Travel-related Only: $2,831,088,350 $5,391,652,106 $7,138,675,299 $2,933,967,492 $3,155,868,590 $21,451,251,837 Equipment & Accessories Only: $439,013,566 $1,080,957,142 $784,851,327 $481,636,260 $357,103,811 $3,143,562,105 Total Economic Activity (output): $4,872,415,967 $11,832,246,666 $11,805,967,717 $5,089,212,106 $5,234,290,325 $38,834,132,782 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $2,490,581,343 $6,048,164,399 $6,034,731,666 $2,601,398,733 $2,675,556,831 $19,850,432,972 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 42,359 102,865 102,636 44,244 45,505 337,608 State Tax Revenues: $349,807,949 $849,478,774 $847,592,116 $365,372,510 $375,788,188 $2,788,039,537 Federal Tax Revenues: $250,926,003 $609,352,399 $607,999,052 $262,090,852 $269,562,278 $1,999,930,584

61

Colorado All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $289,093,996 $184,913,964 $630,970,802 $557,341,127 $84,720,857 $1,747,040,745 Transportation $301,311,574 $229,171,240 $514,338,262 $442,837,369 $127,863,864 $1,615,522,310 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $107,562,570 $98,121,242 $393,551,941 $553,382,732 $77,497,622 $1,230,116,108 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $12,438,707 $25,043,896 $124,209,764 $65,530,961 $13,958,149 $241,181,478 Lodging $180,812,757 $190,392,212 $144,529,403 $461,777,674 $45,702,836 $1,023,214,882 Total Travel Costs = $891,219,604 $727,642,554 $1,807,600,172 $2,080,869,863 $349,743,329 $5,857,075,523 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $43,985,662 $32,231,217 $31,654,721 $86,842,634 $18,801,704 $213,515,938 Equipment $24,022,693 $60,522,812 $29,748,842 $71,903,000 $14,578,094 $200,775,441 Accessories $10,827,855 $23,965,431 $38,969,497 $42,290,747 $12,910,396 $128,963,926 Services $4,410,640 $14,112,728 $28,257,327 $32,847,027 $12,430,809 $92,058,532 TOTAL = $83,246,850 $130,832,187 $128,630,388 $233,883,409 $58,721,003 $635,313,837 TOTAL = $974,466,454 $858,474,741 $1,936,230,560 $2,314,753,272 $408,464,332 $6,492,389,359 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $107,133,641 $90,914,475 $304,710,791 $299,909,581 $14,289,452 $816,957,940 Transportation $114,452,422 $110,490,215 $250,057,842 $200,419,111 $20,136,093 $695,555,683 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $36,864,984 $42,698,844 $187,118,461 $244,334,776 $14,962,724 $525,979,788 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $3,815,776 $12,481,016 $61,334,045 $33,827,218 $2,753,080 $114,211,136 Lodging $81,653,422 $110,181,728 $58,808,049 $352,320,633 $6,432,228 $609,396,059 Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $343,920,245 $366,766,278 $862,029,188 $1,130,811,318 $58,573,576 $2,762,100,605 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 41.1% 35.4% 28.7% 21.7% 11.5% 3,422,514 Number of Participants (residents) 1,405,329 1,212,400 982,690 743,263 392,451 2,394,612 % of Participants: 58.7% 50.6% 41.0% 31.0% 16.4% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 6,664,316 8,123,081 2,791,295 7,169,968 569,460 25,318,121 Primary Resident Overnight 4,716,004 4,525,179 2,235,619 1,481,571 1,870,983 14,829,356 Total Primary Resident Trips: 11,380,320 12,648,260 5,026,914 8,651,539 2,440,443 40,147,477 % of Trips: 28.3% 31.5% 12.5% 21.5% 6.1% 100.0%

62

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,888,991 1,094,939 2,905,375 1,907,656 270,032 8,066,993 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 3,577,023 5,725,600 1,412,708 4,392,620 282,274 15,390,224 Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 5,466,014 6,820,539 4,318,082 6,300,276 552,306 23,457,217 % of Trips: 23.3% 29.1% 18.4% 26.9% 2.4% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 16,846,334 19,468,799 9,344,996 14,951,815 2,992,749 63,604,694 % of Trips: 26.5% 30.6% 14.7% 23.5% 4.7% 100.0% Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $449 $406 $1,093 $1,593 $892 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $48.09 $28.53 $188.10 $109.81 $119.31 Non-Residents $62.92 $53.77 $199.63 $179.49 $106.05

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $343,920,245 $366,766,278 $862,029,188 $1,130,811,318 $58,573,576 $2,762,100,605 Total Economic Activity (output): $420,501,460 $448,434,652 $1,053,978,466 $1,382,610,699 $71,616,238 $3,377,141,515 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $230,780,218 $246,110,553 $578,445,984 $758,806,400 $39,304,527 $1,853,447,683 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 4,364 4,654 10,938 14,349 743 35,048 State Tax Revenues: $22,214,709 $23,690,395 $55,680,723 $73,042,065 $3,783,421 $178,411,313 Federal Tax Revenues: $62,627,119 $66,787,332 $156,973,617 $205,918,251 $10,666,119 $502,972,438 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $974,466,454 $858,474,741 $1,936,230,560 $2,314,753,272 $408,464,332 $6,492,389,359 Travel-related Only: $891,219,604 $727,642,554 $1,807,600,172 $2,080,869,863 $349,743,329 $5,857,075,523 Equipment & Accessories Only: $83,246,850 $130,832,187 $128,630,388 $233,883,409 $58,721,003 $635,313,837 Total Economic Activity (output): $1,194,248,614 $1,052,096,012 $2,372,929,980 $2,836,825,092 $500,589,795 $7,956,689,493 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $659,310,677 $580,832,270 $1,310,027,119 $1,566,130,409 $276,361,381 $4,392,661,856 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 12,434 10,954 24,705 29,535 5,212 82,840 State Tax Revenues: $64,294,377 $56,641,353 $127,750,665 $152,725,236 $26,950,091 $428,361,722 Federal Tax Revenues: $179,127,689 $157,805,941 $355,920,415 $425,500,952 $75,084,444 $1,193,439,441

63

Idaho All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $78,579,875 $23,675,858 $380,274,090 $70,362,151 $10,699,679 $563,591,654 Transportation $81,205,971 $3,638,315 $288,788,845 $58,567,639 $13,996,645 $446,197,416 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $29,480,719 $0 $116,648,733 $69,628,870 $3,398,312 $219,156,634 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $12,148,987 $0 $44,131,377 $20,881,722 $2,855,617 $80,017,702 Lodging $56,269,815 $0 $167,751,913 $63,151,661 $7,806,111 $294,979,501 Total Travel Costs = $257,685,368 $27,314,174 $997,594,958 $282,592,044 $38,756,363 $1,603,942,906 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $5,267,246 $6,555,618 $9,564,894 $11,925,073 $1,862,076 $35,174,907 Equipment $1,689,370 $14,086,854 $28,824,680 $0 $5,765,298 $50,366,202 Accessories $1,417,248 $3,434,934 $16,999,256 $6,029,071 $2,675,076 $30,555,585 Services $142,068 $1,186,471 $3,031,499 $4,929,523 $1,840,087 $11,129,648 TOTAL = $8,515,932 $25,263,877 $58,420,329 $22,883,667 $12,142,537 $127,226,342

TOTAL = $266,201,300 $52,578,051 $1,056,015,287 $305,475,711 $50,898,900 $1,731,169,248 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $32,262,380 $11,709,626 $157,224,490 $21,570,182 $3,787,472 $226,554,150 Transportation $33,994,088 $1,126,425 $118,808,697 $20,482,803 $4,974,516 $179,386,529 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $12,468,482 $0 $48,548,664 $18,391,104 $1,197,061 $80,605,312 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $5,120,582 $0 $18,130,713 $5,451,499 $1,011,375 $29,714,169 Lodging $24,182,307 $0 $68,664,333 $32,491,957 $2,786,699 $128,125,296

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $108,027,840 $12,836,051 $411,376,897 $98,387,546 $13,757,123 $644,385,457 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 33.2% 32.0% 45.1% 16.3% 15.8% 1,020,851 Number of Participants (residents) 339,158 327,116 460,099 166,909 161,673 731,299 % of Participants: 46.4% 44.7% 62.9% 22.8% 22.1% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 1,700,237 2,966,770 1,926,828 956,888 382,441 7,933,164 Primary Resident Overnight 1,032,364 906,450 1,874,297 205,298 261,911 4,280,319

Total Primary Resident Trips: 2,732,601 3,873,220 3,801,125 1,162,186 644,352 12,213,483 % of Trips: 22.4% 31.7% 31.1% 9.5% 5.3% 100.0%

64

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 783,240 1,225,441 1,293,940 44,212 187,450 3,534,282 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 716,640 3,134,867 1,196,347 200,401 133,936 5,382,191

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 1,499,880 4,360,308 2,490,287 244,612 321,386 8,916,473 % of Trips: 16.8% 48.9% 27.9% 2.7% 3.6% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 4,232,481 8,233,528 6,291,412 1,406,799 965,737 21,129,957

% of Trips: 20.0% 39.0% 29.8% 6.7% 4.6% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $466 $121 $1,401 $1,241 $230 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $54.77 $3.74 $154.22 $158.50 $38.80 Non-Residents $72.02 $2.94 $165.19 $402.22 $42.81

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $108,027,840 $12,836,051 $411,376,897 $98,387,546 $13,757,123 $644,385,457 Total Economic Activity (output): $106,841,094 $12,695,039 $406,857,692 $97,306,704 $13,605,993 $637,306,523 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $58,825,662 $6,989,765 $224,011,869 $53,576,120 $7,491,327 $350,894,743 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 1,760 209 6,704 1,603 224 10,501 State Tax Revenues: $7,717,904 $917,054 $29,390,269 $7,029,166 $982,859 $46,037,253 Federal Tax Revenues: $7,286,436 $865,787 $27,747,214 $6,636,202 $927,913 $43,463,552 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $266,201,300 $52,578,051 $1,056,015,287 $305,475,711 $50,898,900 $1,731,169,248 Travel-related Only: $257,685,368 $27,314,174 $997,594,958 $282,592,044 $38,756,363 $1,603,942,906 Equipment & Accessories Only: $8,515,932 $25,263,877 $58,420,329 $22,883,667 $12,142,537 $127,226,342 Total Economic Activity (output): $254,969,820 $50,359,694 $1,011,460,228 $292,587,178 $48,751,390 $1,658,128,310 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $140,588,863 $27,768,040 $557,713,238 $161,330,854 $26,881,230 $914,282,226 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 4,196 829 16,644 4,815 802 27,285 State Tax Revenues: $18,626,124 $3,678,890 $73,889,465 $21,374,157 $3,561,400 $121,130,037 Federal Tax Revenues: $17,438,510 $3,444,321 $69,178,224 $20,011,327 $3,334,322 $113,406,704

65

Louisiana All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $133,032,134 $192,584,896 $299,794,504 $3,919,414 $27,135,159 $656,466,107 Transportation $125,964,500 $157,687,186 $324,192,943 $3,806,625 $24,261,964 $635,913,219 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $61,931,908 $107,052,224 $135,502,350 $3,242,681 $25,858,753 $333,587,917 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $50,920,588 $56,390,291 $56,612,050 $958,706 $7,293,410 $172,175,045 Lodging $35,011,402 $74,585,534 $100,752,949 $0 $8,962,472 $219,312,357 Total Travel Costs = $406,860,532 $588,300,131 $916,854,796 $11,927,426 $93,511,758 $2,017,454,644 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $14,850,591 $24,262,090 $12,980,840 $8,362,644 $6,675,191 $67,131,357 Equipment $8,469,465 $39,742,540 $29,560,279 $9,303,525 $4,616,239 $91,692,048 Accessories $6,570,379 $15,364,738 $18,036,357 $4,472,865 $3,339,203 $47,783,542 Services $2,612,389 $9,174,272 $12,997,220 $2,897,324 $2,678,379 $30,359,583 TOTAL = $32,502,823 $88,543,640 $73,574,696 $25,036,360 $17,309,011 $236,966,530 TOTAL = $439,363,355 $676,843,771 $990,429,492 $36,963,786 $110,820,770 $2,254,421,174 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $33,150,837 $19,121,945 $56,393,615 $0 $1,407,403 $110,073,800 Transportation $26,431,160 $12,229,151 $62,417,200 $0 $1,307,139 $102,384,650 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $12,762,536 $12,673,847 $25,134,912 $0 $902,376 $51,473,672 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $10,949,982 $5,781,053 $10,419,941 $0 $322,827 $27,473,803 Lodging $15,101,463 $17,343,159 $20,956,542 $0 $1,051,557 $54,452,720

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $98,395,978 $67,149,154 $175,322,210 $0 $4,991,302 $345,858,644 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 12.9% 20.0% 12.7% 2.3% 3.9% 3,350,809 Number of Participants (residents) 432,671 668,978 426,965 76,531 129,902 1,610,516 % of Participants: 26.9% 41.5% 26.5% 4.8% 8.1% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 3,643,825 8,126,573 1,822,529 0 787,041 14,379,968 Primary Resident Overnight 725,105 1,134,956 1,525,753 30,613 152,913 3,569,341

Total Primary Resident Trips: 4,368,931 9,261,529 3,348,282 30,613 939,955 17,949,309 % of Trips: 24.3% 51.6% 18.7% 0.2% 5.2% 100.0%

66

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 380,102 0 347,447 0 9,176 736,725 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 506,590 316,735 369,086 0 18,722 1,211,134

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 886,692 316,735 716,533 0 27,898 1,947,858 % of Trips: 45.5% 16.3% 36.8% 0.0% 1.4% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 5,255,623 9,578,264 4,064,814 30,613 967,853 19,897,167

% of Trips: 26.4% 48.1% 20.4% 0.2% 4.9% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $788 $911 $1,909 $483 $815 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $70.60 $56.27 $221.47 $389.63 $94.18 Non-Residents $110.97 $212.00 $244.68 #DIV/0! $178.91

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $98,395,978 $67,149,154 $175,322,210 $0 $4,991,302 $345,858,644 Total Economic Activity (output): $139,472,979 $95,181,661 $248,513,318 $0 $7,075,002 $490,242,960 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $65,906,486 $44,977,091 $117,432,349 $0 $3,343,218 $231,659,144 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 1,437 980 2,560 0 73 5,050 State Tax Revenues: $7,750,339 $5,289,126 $13,809,574 $0 $393,149 $27,242,189 Federal Tax Revenues: $7,055,872 $4,815,195 $12,572,171 $0 $357,921 $24,801,159 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $439,363,355 $676,843,771 $990,429,492 $36,963,786 $110,820,770 $2,254,421,174 Travel-related Only: $406,860,532 $588,300,131 $916,854,796 $11,927,426 $93,511,758 $2,017,454,644 Equipment & Accessories Only: $32,502,823 $88,543,640 $73,574,696 $25,036,360 $17,309,011 $236,966,530 Total Economic Activity (output): $581,340,824 $895,561,523 $1,310,480,471 $48,908,397 $146,631,796 $2,982,923,011 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $272,409,974 $419,650,369 $614,076,866 $22,917,942 $68,710,061 $1,397,765,213 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 6,013 9,262 13,554 506 1,517 30,851 State Tax Revenues: $32,298,970 $49,756,895 $72,809,559 $2,717,323 $8,146,780 $165,729,527 Federal Tax Revenues: $29,281,372 $45,108,255 $66,007,176 $2,463,452 $7,385,650 $150,245,905

67

Maine All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $91,355,731 $118,908,563 $285,857,337 $109,869,945 $37,931,297 $643,922,873 Transportation $118,854,966 $106,922,127 $305,347,763 $108,231,682 $29,991,378 $669,347,915 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $32,438,714 $71,645,141 $164,020,090 $121,645,711 $36,649,623 $426,399,278 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $35,942,562 $48,625,331 $57,545,004 $36,350,382 $10,378,919 $188,842,198 Lodging $62,633,482 $100,933,011 $80,645,457 $92,152,317 $32,292,909 $368,657,177

Total Travel Costs = $341,225,456 $447,034,173 $893,415,651 $468,250,037 $147,244,126 $2,297,169,443 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $7,484,727 $8,752,412 $7,035,962 $5,484,413 $1,692,344 $30,449,858 Equipment $5,110,705 $12,899,486 $18,730,406 $2,852,364 $7,852,054 $47,445,015 Accessories $3,731,805 $2,782,955 $7,889,742 $4,934,093 $5,038,349 $24,376,944 Services $2,209,647 $2,882,635 $7,876,329 $9,397,649 $2,116,352 $24,482,611 TOTAL = $18,536,885 $27,317,487 $41,532,438 $22,668,519 $16,699,099 $126,754,428

TOTAL = $359,762,341 $474,351,661 $934,948,089 $490,918,556 $163,943,225 $2,423,923,871 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $58,042,359 $100,254,039 $176,839,344 $47,917,728 $9,685,849 $392,739,319 Transportation $75,366,282 $89,472,578 $187,104,044 $46,851,146 $7,561,667 $406,355,717 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $16,955,065 $61,405,061 $98,060,442 $51,062,738 $9,321,056 $236,804,362 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $20,878,213 $39,537,908 $32,746,600 $15,125,028 $2,653,895 $110,941,643 Lodging $50,634,945 $95,879,055 $55,574,426 $59,995,214 $8,590,928 $270,674,569

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $221,876,865 $386,548,641 $550,324,856 $220,951,855 $37,813,394 $1,417,515,610 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 37.6% 25.8% 22.0% 23.3% 28.4% 1,035,124 Number of Participants (residents) 389,424 266,782 228,047 240,820 293,990 703,872 % of Participants: 55.3% 37.9% 32.4% 34.2% 41.8% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 2,432,405 1,488,642 971,514 1,357,949 1,070,122 7,320,632 Primary Resident Overnight 503,818 196,131 816,565 216,738 983,529 2,716,781

Total Primary Resident Trips: 2,936,223 1,684,773 1,788,080 1,574,687 2,053,650 10,037,413 % of Trips: 29.3% 16.8% 17.8% 15.7% 20.5% 100.0%

68

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,088,473 1,403,687 844,655 322,582 311,979 3,971,376 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 1,958,405 3,427,239 1,667,249 372,462 328,359 7,753,714

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 3,046,878 4,830,925 2,511,905 695,044 640,338 11,725,090 % of Trips: 26.0% 41.2% 21.4% 5.9% 5.5% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 5,983,101 6,515,698 4,299,984 2,269,731 2,693,989 21,762,503

% of Trips: 27.5% 29.9% 19.8% 10.4% 12.4% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $354 $329 $1,687 $1,121 $429 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $40.65 $35.90 $191.88 $157.05 $53.29 Non-Residents $72.82 $80.02 $219.09 $317.90 $59.05

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $221,876,865 $386,548,641 $550,324,856 $220,951,855 $37,813,394 $1,417,515,610 Total Economic Activity (output): $209,616,337 $365,188,638 $519,914,866 $208,742,441 $35,723,892 $1,339,186,174 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $119,222,552 $207,706,719 $295,709,667 $118,725,511 $20,318,519 $761,682,968 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 3,388 5,902 8,402 3,373 577 21,642 State Tax Revenues: $17,055,693 $29,714,027 $42,303,519 $16,984,588 $2,906,719 $108,964,546 Federal Tax Revenues: $18,063,068 $31,469,051 $44,802,126 $17,987,763 $3,078,401 $115,400,408 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $359,762,341 $474,351,661 $934,948,089 $490,918,556 $163,943,225 $2,423,923,871 Travel-related Only: $341,225,456 $447,034,173 $893,415,651 $468,250,037 $147,244,126 $2,297,169,443 Equipment & Accessories Only: $18,536,885 $27,317,487 $41,532,438 $22,668,519 $16,699,099 $126,754,428 Total Economic Activity (output): $330,683,983 $436,011,441 $859,379,439 $451,239,291 $150,692,256 $2,228,006,410 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $185,920,773 $245,139,130 $483,169,725 $253,700,698 $84,723,851 $1,252,654,177 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 5,313 7,006 13,809 7,251 2,421 35,800 State Tax Revenues: $26,655,699 $35,145,910 $69,272,661 $36,373,393 $12,146,967 $179,594,630 Federal Tax Revenues: $28,236,340 $37,230,008 $73,380,422 $38,530,279 $12,867,263 $190,244,311

69

Montana All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $89,243,345 $12,085,121 $217,549,088 $47,326,806 $24,576,386 $390,780,746 Transportation $102,327,779 $16,322,496 $209,900,381 $41,994,773 $19,559,564 $390,104,993 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $30,892,326 $5,155,238 $78,234,927 $67,114,440 $15,808,452 $197,205,383 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $21,111,505 $2,351,512 $32,444,344 $9,147,328 $1,206,325 $66,261,015 Lodging $62,768,652 $6,873,650 $105,001,021 $26,903,905 $17,612,349 $219,159,577 Total Travel Costs = $306,343,607 $42,788,016 $643,129,761 $192,487,252 $78,763,076 $1,263,511,713 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $3,270,959 $2,846,058 $7,432,202 $13,044,044 $159,641 $26,752,904 Equipment $1,824,707 $9,413,201 $10,673,966 $10,850,164 $153,573 $32,915,611 Accessories $1,384,493 $2,101,416 $7,009,133 $5,842,589 $254,262 $16,591,894 Services $310,735 $1,582,094 $5,555,782 $4,536,413 $2,306,254 $14,291,277 TOTAL = $6,790,893 $15,942,769 $30,671,084 $34,273,209 $2,873,730 $90,551,685 TOTAL = $313,134,500 $58,730,785 $673,800,845 $226,760,462 $81,636,806 $1,354,063,398 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $38,658,452 $77,896 $94,546,462 $3,390,396 $3,308,753 $139,981,960 Transportation $44,315,478 $142,809 $91,127,813 $3,259,176 $2,463,817 $141,309,093 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $13,419,091 $0 $33,961,424 $3,042,012 $1,874,602 $52,297,129 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $9,213,235 $0 $14,117,522 $808,715 $175,718 $24,315,190 Lodging $27,572,215 $0 $45,897,904 $2,378,573 $2,565,487 $78,414,180 Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $133,178,471 $220,705 $279,651,125 $12,878,873 $10,388,377 $436,317,552 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 49.0% 33.3% 45.8% 18.5% 23.8% 718,772 Number of Participants (residents) 352,206 239,448 329,205 133,293 171,387 535,638 % of Participants: 65.8% 44.7% 61.5% 24.9% 32.0% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 1,740,177 2,085,723 1,319,641 1,039,683 492,265 6,677,489 Primary Resident Overnight 1,292,827 216,659 1,307,758 362,556 403,493 3,583,294

Total Primary Resident Trips: 3,033,003 2,302,382 2,627,399 1,402,240 895,758 10,260,783 % of Trips: 29.6% 22.4% 25.6% 13.7% 8.7% 100.0%

70

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,117,269 28,647 922,531 8,187 47,190 2,123,824 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 932,868 0 935,441 32,388 63,368 1,964,065

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 2,050,137 28,647 1,857,973 40,575 110,558 4,087,889 % of Trips: 50.2% 0.7% 45.5% 1.0% 2.7% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 5,083,140 2,331,029 4,485,372 1,442,815 1,006,316 14,348,672

% of Trips: 35.4% 16.2% 31.3% 10.1% 7.0% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $511 $244 $1,197 $1,605 $416 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $57.09 $18.49 $138.34 $128.09 $76.33 Non-Residents $64.96 $7.70 $150.51 $317.41 $93.96

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $133,178,471 $220,705 $279,651,125 $12,878,873 $10,388,377 $436,317,552 Total Economic Activity (output): $163,414,089 $270,812 $343,140,549 $15,802,774 $12,746,859 $535,375,083 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $71,620,591 $118,691 $150,390,515 $6,925,988 $5,586,652 $234,642,437 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 2,041 3 4,286 197 159 6,687 State Tax Revenues: $10,003,868 $16,579 $21,006,345 $967,413 $780,336 $32,774,541 Federal Tax Revenues: $14,293,511 $23,687 $30,013,832 $1,382,238 $1,114,943 $46,828,211 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $313,134,500 $58,730,785 $673,800,845 $226,760,462 $81,636,806 $1,354,063,398 Travel-related Only: $306,343,607 $42,788,016 $643,129,761 $192,487,252 $78,763,076 $1,263,511,713 Equipment & Accessories Only: $6,790,893 $15,942,769 $30,671,084 $34,273,209 $2,873,730 $90,551,685 Total Economic Activity (output): $366,193,628 $68,682,433 $787,973,142 $265,183,926 $95,469,769 $1,583,502,898 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $163,220,906 $30,613,337 $351,217,717 $118,198,563 $42,553,067 $705,803,591 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 4,716 884 10,147 3,415 1,229 20,392 State Tax Revenues: $22,941,745 $4,302,901 $49,365,903 $16,613,566 $5,981,107 $99,205,223 Federal Tax Revenues: $32,618,995 $6,117,944 $70,189,349 $23,621,474 $8,504,047 $141,051,809

71

Nevada All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $74,369,994 $72,632,583 $177,783,273 $61,829,312 $17,072,262 $403,687,425 Transportation $212,250,936 $19,178,028 $143,701,927 $51,780,311 $3,621,743 $430,532,945 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $35,416,785 $3,486,914 $34,988,975 $94,819,340 $4,859,472 $173,571,486 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $13,623,762 $0 $32,488,881 $13,546,462 $636,998 $60,296,102 Lodging $121,817,174 $0 $20,677,361 $84,462,585 $5,533,252 $232,490,371 Total Travel Costs = $457,478,651 $95,297,525 $409,640,417 $306,438,009 $31,723,727 $1,300,578,329 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $14,058,163 $10,468,621 $7,008,122 $2,830,444 $274,042 $34,639,392 Equipment $9,401,264 $32,018,504 $41,364,154 $6,995,103 $0 $89,779,025 Accessories $1,950,040 $9,599,245 $9,545,622 $3,288,998 $0 $24,383,905 Services $586,430 $4,773,133 $7,438,818 $3,616,468 $0 $16,414,849 TOTAL = $25,995,897 $56,859,502 $65,356,716 $16,731,014 $274,042 $165,217,171 TOTAL = $483,474,548 $152,157,027 $474,997,133 $323,169,023 $31,997,769 $1,465,795,500 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $41,793,200 $41,830,213 $117,244,424 $36,862,232 $14,716,625 $252,446,694 Transportation $121,082,773 $190,076 $95,078,186 $31,169,895 $2,963,350 $250,484,280 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $23,288,349 $34,559 $23,008,184 $60,133,986 $4,094,822 $110,559,900 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $9,100,498 $0 $21,547,991 $8,322,392 $527,448 $39,498,330 Lodging $89,626,919 $0 $13,168,165 $60,269,552 $4,960,699 $168,025,335

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $284,891,739 $42,054,848 $270,046,950 $196,758,057 $27,262,945 $821,014,539 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 30.5% 21.7% 20.8% 6.1% 4.5% 1,731,175 Number of Participants (residents) 528,203 376,009 359,715 104,745 78,067 1,049,961 % of Participants: 50.3% 35.8% 34.3% 10.0% 7.4% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 3,026,991 3,106,829 649,646 374,737 123,129 7,281,333 Primary Resident Overnight 886,483 425,279 630,348 165,847 119,464 2,227,421

Total Primary Resident Trips: 3,913,474 3,532,108 1,279,994 540,584 242,594 9,508,754

% of Trips: 41.2% 37.1% 13.5% 5.7% 2.6% 100.0%

72

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,825,641 28,647 1,246,016 302,932 334,263 3,737,499 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 2,273,479 1,380,641 1,018,168 380,559 953,394 6,006,241

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 4,099,120 1,409,288 2,264,184 683,491 1,287,657 9,743,740 % of Trips: 42.1% 14.5% 23.2% 7.0% 13.2% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 8,012,594 4,941,396 3,544,178 1,224,075 1,530,251 19,252,494

% of Trips: 41.6% 25.7% 18.4% 6.4% 7.9% 100.0% Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $376 $293 $570 $1,207 $61 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $44.10 $15.07 $109.06 $202.89 $18.39 Non-Residents $69.50 $29.84 $119.27 $287.87 $21.17

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $284,891,739 $42,054,848 $270,046,950 $196,758,057 $27,262,945 $821,014,539 Total Economic Activity (output): $268,759,860 $39,673,510 $254,755,651 $185,616,712 $25,719,191 $774,524,924 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $160,320,923 $23,666,085 $151,967,117 $110,724,282 $15,342,040 $462,020,448 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 2,923 431 2,770 2,019 280 8,423 State Tax Revenues: $19,149,880 $2,826,847 $18,152,041 $13,225,701 $1,832,563 $55,187,032 Federal Tax Revenues: $17,189,328 $2,537,436 $16,293,647 $11,871,663 $1,644,947 $49,537,021 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $483,474,548 $152,157,027 $474,997,133 $323,169,023 $31,997,769 $1,465,795,500 Travel-related Only: $457,478,651 $95,297,525 $409,640,417 $306,438,009 $31,723,727 $1,300,578,329 Equipment & Accessories Only: $25,995,897 $56,859,502 $65,356,716 $16,731,014 $274,042 $165,217,171 Total Economic Activity (output): $428,513,527 $134,859,932 $420,999,819 $286,431,413 $28,360,287 $1,299,164,978 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $256,408,828 $80,695,882 $251,912,865 $171,391,422 $16,969,891 $777,378,888 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 4,744 1,493 4,661 3,171 314 14,383 State Tax Revenues: $31,407,760 $9,884,515 $30,857,045 $20,993,897 $2,078,658 $95,221,875 Federal Tax Revenues: $27,493,839 $8,652,742 $27,011,752 $18,377,714 $1,819,623 $83,355,670

73

New Hampshire All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $131,830,923 $15,065,800 $817,882,207 $113,549,202 $21,472,460 $1,099,800,592 Transportation $138,945,958 $17,540,261 $790,006,003 $130,110,565 $27,542,829 $1,104,145,617 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $40,166,968 $4,934,081 $444,402,422 $166,577,763 $14,148,594 $670,229,828 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $41,589,975 $4,436,293 $122,578,354 $25,893,593 $4,930,652 $199,428,867 Lodging $75,885,274 $10,805,807 $216,511,070 $68,085,604 $0 $371,287,756 Total Travel Costs = $428,419,098 $52,782,243 $2,391,380,056 $504,216,727 $68,094,536 $3,444,892,659 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $10,873,874 $6,750,663 $8,014,896 $10,157,566 $1,797,710 $37,594,710 Equipment $7,390,913 $14,138,292 $14,152,541 $16,604,398 $2,890,319 $55,176,464 Accessories $4,839,306 $2,792,962 $7,180,111 $7,348,021 $1,955,073 $24,115,474 Services $2,213,785 $1,010,286 $5,822,837 $6,662,980 $3,509,982 $19,219,870 TOTAL = $25,317,879 $24,692,204 $35,170,385 $40,772,965 $10,153,085 $136,106,518 TOTAL = $453,736,977 $77,474,447 $2,426,550,441 $544,989,692 $78,247,620 $3,580,999,177 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $103,840,847 $7,066,815 $448,492,441 $58,170,304 $11,694,930 $629,265,336 Transportation $108,866,611 $9,160,371 $433,586,803 $72,778,423 $18,372,471 $642,764,679 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $30,390,337 $2,267,753 $243,501,472 $87,971,249 $6,980,206 $371,111,017 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $31,395,489 $2,150,868 $66,836,341 $14,799,658 $2,606,322 $117,788,679 Lodging $63,188,015 $10,805,807 $131,282,398 $60,055,600 $0 $265,331,820

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $337,681,299 $31,451,614 $1,323,699,455 $293,775,234 $39,653,929 $2,026,261,532 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 35.2% 24.2% 24.0% 25.6% 22.7% 994,506 Number of Participants (residents) 349,570 241,100 238,895 254,233 225,662 688,113 % of Participants: 50.8% 35.0% 34.7% 36.9% 32.8% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 862,939 968,458 3,183,989 1,892,693 542,233 7,450,312 Primary Resident Overnight 345,026 0 1,583,239 123,121 102,333 2,153,719

Total Primary Resident Trips: 1,207,965 968,458 4,767,228 2,015,814 644,566 9,604,031 % of Trips: 12.6% 10.1% 49.6% 21.0% 6.7% 100.0%

74

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,912,027 273,735 3,085,088 1,164,243 318,533 6,753,627 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 1,581,551 308,614 2,246,332 848,160 416,210 5,400,867

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 3,493,578 582,349 5,331,421 2,012,403 734,743 12,154,494 % of Trips: 28.7% 4.8% 43.9% 16.6% 6.0% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 4,701,543 1,550,807 10,098,649 4,028,217 1,379,309 21,758,525

% of Trips: 21.6% 7.1% 46.4% 18.5% 6.3% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $332 $191 $4,616 $988 $171 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $75.12 $22.03 $223.96 $104.40 $44.12 Non-Residents $96.66 $54.01 $248.28 $145.98 $53.97

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $337,681,299 $31,451,614 $1,323,699,455 $293,775,234 $39,653,929 $2,026,261,532 Total Economic Activity (output): $310,067,616 $28,879,677 $1,215,454,734 $269,751,942 $36,411,253 $1,860,565,222 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $185,837,643 $17,308,906 $728,477,375 $161,674,624 $21,822,922 $1,115,121,470 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 4,394 409 17,225 3,823 516 26,368 State Tax Revenues: $24,905,686 $2,319,714 $97,629,461 $21,667,394 $2,924,676 $149,446,931 Federal Tax Revenues: $24,595,186 $2,290,794 $96,412,312 $21,397,266 $2,888,214 $147,583,773 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $453,736,977 $77,474,447 $2,426,550,441 $544,989,692 $78,247,620 $3,580,999,177 Travel-related Only: $428,419,098 $52,782,243 $2,391,380,056 $504,216,727 $68,094,536 $3,444,892,659 Equipment & Accessories Only: $25,317,879 $24,692,204 $35,170,385 $40,772,965 $10,153,085 $136,106,518 Total Economic Activity (output): $409,189,487 $69,868,075 $2,188,313,891 $491,483,092 $70,565,339 $3,229,419,883 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $244,402,712 $41,731,148 $1,307,046,899 $293,555,442 $42,147,613 $1,928,883,814 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 5,805 991 31,043 6,972 1,001 45,812 State Tax Revenues: $32,823,700 $5,604,564 $175,538,625 $39,424,996 $5,660,496 $259,052,382 Federal Tax Revenues: $32,428,241 $5,537,041 $173,423,739 $38,950,004 $5,592,299 $255,931,324

75

New Mexico All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $169,933,132 $97,169,603 $232,054,597 $104,735,002 $11,343,534 $615,235,868 Transportation $194,804,639 $92,989,034 $180,715,303 $83,933,351 $11,198,252 $563,640,579 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $79,959,094 $59,389,231 $138,993,970 $92,824,529 $10,663,035 $381,829,859 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $61,656,698 $14,038,732 $62,229,970 $7,980,102 $498,320 $146,403,821 Lodging $75,753,435 $10,408,924 $105,075,485 $104,819,111 $3,024,929 $299,081,883

Total Travel Costs = $582,106,997 $273,995,523 $719,069,324 $394,292,096 $36,728,069 $2,006,192,010 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $20,987,950 $9,783,386 $17,206,251 $9,202,211 $1,324,312 $58,504,109 Equipment $13,609,913 $16,209,150 $17,141,230 $8,265,425 $1,682,961 $56,908,679 Accessories $8,928,325 $5,369,786 $8,205,049 $5,121,814 $826,513 $28,451,487 Services $8,589,056 $3,207,691 $7,980,479 $3,235,577 $211,318 $23,224,121 TOTAL = $52,115,243 $34,570,014 $50,533,010 $25,825,026 $4,045,103 $167,088,395

TOTAL = $634,222,240 $308,565,537 $769,602,333 $420,117,122 $40,773,172 $2,173,280,405 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $41,886,394 $20,737,494 $69,973,764 $51,045,973 $5,425,182 $189,068,806 Transportation $47,922,552 $20,595,616 $55,187,296 $38,122,904 $5,193,027 $167,021,396 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $17,782,712 $14,550,380 $40,933,392 $39,794,869 $3,735,341 $116,796,694 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $13,518,683 $3,746,403 $18,307,879 $3,350,655 $294,266 $39,217,885 Lodging $26,832,623 $6,348,188 $26,625,150 $68,945,278 $2,474,176 $131,225,414

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $147,942,964 $65,978,081 $211,027,481 $201,259,678 $17,121,991 $643,330,195 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 41.4% 22.9% 31.0% 7.4% 4.7% 1,411,002 Number of Participants (residents) 584,852 322,662 438,031 104,790 66,906 951,260 % of Participants: 61.5% 33.9% 46.0% 11.0% 7.0% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 4,517,043 6,787,367 1,619,601 895,090 233,304 14,052,405 Primary Resident Overnight 1,308,431 620,401 1,343,505 212,754 18,794 3,503,885

Total Primary Resident Trips: 5,825,473 7,407,769 2,963,106 1,107,844 252,098 17,556,290 % of Trips: 52.9% 67.3% 26.9% 10.1% 2.3% 100.0%

76

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 673,817 219,624 712,865 221,059 45,879 1,873,244 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 661,039 893,356 419,994 376,627 77,769 2,428,785

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 1,334,856 1,112,980 1,132,859 597,685 123,649 4,302,029 % of Trips: 31.0% 25.9% 26.3% 13.9% 2.9% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 7,160,329 8,520,749 4,095,965 1,705,529 375,747 21,858,319

% of Trips: 32.8% 39.0% 18.7% 7.8% 1.7% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $831 $752 $1,275 $2,089 $353 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $74.53 $28.08 $171.46 $174.24 $77.77 Non-Residents $110.83 $59.28 $186.28 $336.73 $138.47

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $147,942,964 $65,978,081 $211,027,481 $201,259,670 $17,121,991 $643,330,195 Total Economic Activity (output): $201,894,174 $90,038,686 $287,984,084 $274,654,189 $23,365,966 $877,937,099 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $101,974,246 $45,477,425 $145,457,193 $138,724,428 $11,801,860 $443,435,152 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 2,535 1,131 3,616 3,449 293 11,023 State Tax Revenues: $14,081,614 $6,279,973 $20,086,169 $19,156,443 $1,629,718 $61,233,916 Federal Tax Revenues: $24,419,404 $10,890,315 $34,832,108 $33,219,837 $2,826,149 $106,187,812 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $634,222,240 $308,565,537 $769,602,333 $420,117,086 $40,773,172 $2,173,280,369 Travel-related Only: $582,106,997 $273,995,523 $719,069,324 $407,936,219 $36,728,069 $2,019,836,133 Equipment & Accessories Only: $52,115,243 $34,570,014 $50,533,010 $12,180,867 $4,045,103 $153,444,236 Total Economic Activity (output): $822,585,793 $400,209,282 $998,173,678 $544,891,561 $52,882,775 $2,818,743,089 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $399,201,987 $194,222,101 $484,415,023 $264,436,604 $25,664,082 $1,367,939,797 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 9,952 4,842 12,077 6,593 640 34,104 State Tax Revenues: $42,159,389 $20,511,634 $51,158,666 $27,926,929 $2,710,362 $144,466,981 Federal Tax Revenues: $3,820,922 $1,858,978 $4,636,530 $2,531,029 $245,641 $13,093,100

New York

77

All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $439,521,630 $316,696,538 $1,195,857,075 $264,469,085 $193,204,827 $2,409,749,155 Transportation $555,653,313 $206,108,091 $1,262,917,997 $291,413,164 $242,128,747 $2,558,221,311 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $178,899,108 $146,240,564 $507,994,754 $329,480,361 $199,644,846 $1,362,259,633 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $84,747,970 $79,035,582 $308,594,793 $94,125,206 $15,893,540 $582,397,091 Lodging $55,760,012 $55,374,382 $276,924,507 $388,403,474 $209,300,622 $985,762,997

Total Travel Costs = $1,314,582,032 $803,455,156 $3,552,289,125 $1,367,891,291 $860,172,581 $7,898,390,186 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $95,301,768 $90,908,974 $79,991,952 $102,946,604 $25,256,443 $394,405,742 Equipment $63,864,527 $163,975,733 $233,460,522 $106,914,172 $68,287,306 $636,502,260 Accessories $47,049,628 $55,448,245 $113,592,255 $47,771,356 $29,760,987 $293,622,470 Services $10,060,006 $29,883,422 $83,408,051 $48,390,804 $26,767,450 $198,509,733 TOTAL = $216,275,929 $340,216,374 $510,452,780 $306,022,936 $150,072,185 $1,523,040,204 TOTAL = $1,530,857,961 $1,143,671,530 $4,062,741,906 $1,673,914,228 $1,010,244,766 $9,421,430,390

Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $44,636,750 $31,559,069 $96,841,812 $30,274,843 $11,264,190 $214,576,663 Transportation $55,138,583 $19,264,470 $97,297,363 $33,371,080 $14,066,983 $219,138,478 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $18,119,238 $14,724,188 $36,290,234 $37,560,941 $11,626,353 $118,320,954 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $6,693,131 $7,227,976 $22,799,400 $10,645,352 $1,009,651 $48,375,510 Lodging $8,701,044 $7,764,450 $28,230,558 $47,080,067 $11,770,296 $103,546,413

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $133,288,746 $80,540,152 $281,459,366 $158,932,282 $49,737,474 $703,958,019 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 21.5% 28.5% 19.3% 7.6% 12.2% 14,654,725 Number of Participants (residents) 3,153,812 4,182,579 2,826,543 1,108,017 1,794,840 8,469,356 % of Participants: 37.2% 49.4% 33.4% 13.1% 21.2% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 22,660,645 20,071,601 10,433,982 4,385,615 4,426,589 61,978,433 Primary Resident Overnight 7,073,625 5,676,770 11,441,847 2,501,415 8,134,216 34,827,873

Total Primary Resident Trips: 29,734,271 25,748,371 21,875,829 6,887,030 12,560,805 96,806,306 % of Trips: 30.7% 26.6% 22.6% 7.1% 13.0% 100.0%

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,359,152 881,681 467,256 440,480 276,586 3,425,155

78

Primary Non-Resident Overnight 1,204,697 852,749 1,196,347 317,807 446,453 4,018,053

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 2,563,849 1,734,430 1,663,603 758,287 723,040 7,443,208 % of Trips: 34.4% 23.3% 22.4% 10.2% 9.7% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 32,298,119 27,482,801 23,539,432 7,645,318 13,283,844 104,249,514

% of Trips: 31.0% 26.4% 22.6% 7.3% 12.7% 100.0% Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $443 $254 $1,338 $1,367 $535 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $39.73 $28.08 $149.52 $175.54 $64.52 Non-Residents $51.99 $46.44 $169.19 $209.59 $68.79

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $133,288,746 $80,540,152 $281,459,366 $158,932,282 $49,737,474 $703,958,019 Total Economic Activity (output): $145,746,903 $88,068,033 $307,766,651 $173,787,274 $54,386,308 $769,755,169 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $88,058,249 $53,209,479 $185,948,324 $104,999,851 $32,859,450 $465,075,352 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 1,451 877 3,065 1,731 542 7,665 State Tax Revenues: $9,918,319 $5,993,176 $20,944,031 $11,826,512 $3,701,079 $52,383,117 Federal Tax Revenues: $10,300,261 $6,223,965 $21,750,560 $12,281,937 $3,843,602 $54,400,325 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $1,530,857,961 $1,143,671,530 $4,062,741,906 $1,673,914,228 $1,010,244,766 $9,421,430,390 Travel-related Only: $1,314,582,032 $803,455,156 $3,552,289,125 $1,367,891,291 $860,172,581 $7,898,390,186 Equipment & Accessories Only: $216,275,929 $340,216,374 $510,452,780 $306,022,936 $150,072,185 $1,523,040,204 Total Economic Activity (output): $1,588,683,376 $1,186,871,672 $4,216,204,698 $1,737,143,337 $1,048,404,951 $9,777,308,033 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $961,438,465 $718,270,296 $2,551,560,263 $1,051,283,376 $634,473,088 $5,917,025,488 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 15,829 11,825 42,008 17,308 10,446 97,417 State Tax Revenues: $110,379,261 $82,462,006 $292,935,375 $120,694,030 $72,841,553 $679,312,225 Federal Tax Revenues: $113,341,875 $84,675,312 $300,797,850 $123,933,494 $74,796,642 $697,545,174

79

North Carolina All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $163,452,900 $214,021,969 $573,339,302 $129,664,198 $88,046,475 $1,168,524,844 Transportation $379,723,065 $300,490,682 $487,863,736 $69,093,574 $116,592,257 $1,353,763,314 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $104,988,726 $56,534,644 $292,716,083 $105,070,332 $69,042,815 $628,352,599 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $80,136,935 $81,402,426 $106,039,757 $23,708,261 $16,096,431 $307,383,810 Lodging $178,440,857 $159,841,746 $262,078,874 $179,461,311 $19,662,928 $799,485,715

Total Travel Costs = $906,742,482 $812,291,466 $1,722,037,751 $506,997,677 $309,440,907 $4,257,510,283 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $40,868,102 $33,938,204 $34,717,256 $18,667,951 $13,028,177 $141,219,689 Equipment $12,319,761 $102,483,102 $54,678,629 $12,196,085 $11,078,452 $192,756,029 Accessories $10,939,227 $25,442,493 $26,363,482 $10,125,323 $3,758,256 $76,628,781 Services $12,785,090 $18,820,693 $28,334,206 $11,775,590 $25,801,984 $97,517,564 TOTAL = $76,912,181 $180,684,492 $144,093,573 $52,764,949 $53,666,869 $508,122,064 TOTAL = $983,654,662 $992,975,959 $1,866,131,324 $559,762,626 $363,107,776 $4,765,632,346

Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $111,385,345 $64,847,874 $263,256,258 $71,684,749 $24,731,534 $535,905,761 Transportation $283,632,456 $70,693,845 $223,745,077 $39,554,991 $34,853,627 $652,479,995 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $72,747,381 $11,099,055 $134,729,034 $60,363,287 $15,978,076 $294,916,832 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $50,809,346 $24,162,076 $48,642,722 $14,527,350 $3,803,795 $141,945,289 Lodging $140,118,630 $67,528,795 $119,453,867 $129,365,470 $7,305,484 $463,772,246

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $658,693,157 $238,331,645 $789,826,957 $315,495,847 $86,672,516 $2,089,020,122 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 26.5% 25.0% 16.7% 5.4% 15.0% 6,422,729 Number of Participants (residents) 1,704,206 1,605,610 1,075,413 349,983 960,493 4,007,822 % of Participants: 42.5% 40.1% 26.8% 8.7% 24.0% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 4,202,417 14,386,266 2,195,562 979,951 1,496,448 23,260,644 Primary Resident Overnight 1,849,063 2,724,000 3,208,763 279,986 904,510 8,966,322

80

Total Primary Resident Trips: 6,051,480 17,110,266 5,404,325 1,259,937 2,400,958 32,226,966 % of Trips: 18.8% 53.1% 16.8% 3.9% 7.5% 100.0% Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 4,958,601 547,470 1,779,168 353,694 270,032 7,908,964 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 6,227,356 1,835,441 2,475,420 665,978 492,539 11,696,734

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 11,185,957 2,382,910 4,254,588 1,019,672 762,571 19,605,698 % of Trips: 57.1% 12.2% 21.7% 5.2% 3.9% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 17,237,437 19,493,176 9,658,912 2,279,609 3,163,529 51,832,664

% of Trips: 33.3% 37.6% 18.6% 4.4% 6.1% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $191 $470 $1,001 $698 $288 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $40.99 $33.54 $172.49 $151.99 $92.78 Non-Residents $58.89 $100.02 $185.64 $309.41 $113.66

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $658,693,157 $238,331,645 $789,826,957 $315,495,847 $86,672,516 $2,089,020,122 Total Economic Activity (output): $690,527,387 $249,850,065 $827,998,802 $330,743,565 $90,861,345 $2,189,981,164 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $396,353,250 $143,410,511 $475,259,957 $189,842,270 $52,153,166 $1,257,019,154 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 9,211 3,333 11,045 4,412 1,212 29,213 State Tax Revenues: $47,742,786 $17,274,533 $57,247,505 $22,867,477 $6,282,117 $151,414,418 Federal Tax Revenues: $76,420,271 $27,650,764 $91,634,154 $36,603,201 $10,055,573 $242,363,963 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $983,654,662 $992,975,959 $1,866,131,324 $559,762,626 $363,107,776 $4,765,632,346 Travel-related Only: $906,742,482 $812,291,466 $1,722,037,751 $506,997,677 $309,440,907 $4,257,510,283 Equipment & Accessories Only: $76,912,181 $180,684,492 $144,093,573 $52,764,949 $53,666,869 $508,122,064 Total Economic Activity (output): $1,001,739,866 $1,011,232,541 $1,900,441,500 $570,054,267 $369,783,776 $4,853,251,950 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $570,348,862 $575,753,595 $1,082,032,056 $324,565,103 $210,539,445 $2,763,239,060 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 13,247 13,373 25,132 7,539 4,890 64,180 State Tax Revenues: $69,353,612 $70,010,819 $131,573,561 $39,466,655 $25,601,297 $336,005,945 Federal Tax Revenues: $110,384,459 $111,430,483 $209,414,853 $62,815,841 $40,747,487 $534,793,122

81

Oregon All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $159,939,591 $108,175,424 $639,901,499 $147,967,825 $25,745,706 $1,081,730,044 Transportation $129,291,075 $130,107,248 $517,846,727 $104,564,887 $21,859,453 $903,669,390 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $85,366,777 $53,193,196 $308,604,538 $112,922,739 $27,647,773 $587,735,022 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $58,933,454 $35,040,618 $99,738,403 $26,266,721 $1,728,284 $221,707,480 Lodging $101,754,582 $67,983,251 $119,836,505 $112,948,951 $17,656,095 $420,179,384

Total Travel Costs = $535,285,480 $394,499,737 $1,685,927,670 $504,671,122 $94,637,311 $3,215,021,320 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $19,902,787 $12,135,896 $32,432,771 $0 $2,779,449 $67,250,904 Equipment $14,254,419 $45,217,292 $34,165,957 $0 $4,923,605 $98,561,273 Accessories $8,316,254 $5,516,045 $27,213,853 $0 $4,256,716 $45,302,869 Services $11,977,187 $7,066,087 $24,591,111 $11,221,069 $7,603,176 $62,458,630 TOTAL = $54,450,646 $69,935,321 $118,403,692 $11,221,069 $19,562,947 $273,573,676 TOTAL = $589,736,126 $464,435,058 $1,804,331,362 $515,892,191 $114,200,258 $3,488,594,995

Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $45,239,191 $43,633,804 $238,628,943 $60,762,921 $13,166,510 $401,431,369 Transportation $35,860,186 $43,662,334 $193,175,453 $45,432,835 $10,422,303 $328,553,112 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $23,597,490 $21,382,971 $114,953,951 $46,976,558 $13,454,178 $220,365,148 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $11,634,749 $13,461,360 $37,190,763 $11,418,702 $692,675 $74,398,249 Lodging $38,043,983 $32,978,728 $44,812,242 $54,444,071 $10,541,347 $180,820,372 Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $154,375,599 $155,119,196 $628,761,352 $219,035,088 $48,277,014 $1,205,568,249 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 41.1% 28.2% 37.1% 9.0% 13.4% 2,742,229 Number of Participants (residents) 1,126,627 773,028 1,016,631 247,491 368,043 1,914,933 % of Participants: 58.8% 40.4% 53.1% 12.9% 19.2% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 8,108,495 5,756,787 4,492,399 1,191,206 591,497 20,140,385 Primary Resident Overnight 5,189,244 1,104,326 4,661,252 309,364 222,666 11,486,852

Total Primary Resident Trips: 13,297,739 6,861,114 9,153,652 1,500,571 814,163 31,627,238 % of Trips: 42.0% 21.7% 28.9% 4.7% 2.6% 100.0%

82

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,053,919 1,203,160 2,450,099 582,940 364,412 5,654,531 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 2,854,205 958,327 2,564,510 265,177 303,876 6,946,095

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 3,908,124 2,161,487 5,014,609 848,117 668,289 12,600,626 % of Trips: 31.0% 17.2% 39.8% 6.7% 5.3% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 17,205,863 9,022,601 14,168,261 2,348,687 1,482,452 44,227,863

% of Trips: 38.9% 20.4% 32.0% 5.3% 3.4% 100.0% Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $386 $400 $1,156 $1,199 $179 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $28.64 $34.89 $115.49 $190.35 $56.94 Non-Residents $39.50 $71.77 $125.39 $258.26 $72.24

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL:

Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $154,375,599 $155,119,196 $628,761,352 $219,035,088 $48,277,014 $1,205,568,249

Total Economic Activity (output): $171,160,702 $171,985,150 $697,125,939 $242,850,552 $53,526,125 $1,336,648,468 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $99,114,817 $99,592,234 $403,687,932 $140,628,589 $30,995,620 $774,019,191 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 2,295 2,306 9,346 3,256 718 17,919 State Tax Revenues: $11,923,419 $11,980,852 $48,563,279 $16,917,487 $3,728,744 $93,113,781 Federal Tax Revenues: $14,560,501 $14,630,636 $59,303,935 $20,659,098 $4,553,424 $113,707,594 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $589,736,126 $464,435,058 $1,804,331,362 $515,892,191 $114,200,258 $3,488,594,995 Travel-related Only: $535,285,480 $394,499,737 $1,685,927,670 $504,671,122 $94,637,311 $3,215,021,320 Equipment & Accessories Only: $54,450,646 $69,935,321 $118,403,692 $11,221,069 $19,562,947 $273,573,676 Total Economic Activity (output): $637,038,430 $501,687,054 $1,949,055,462 $557,271,526 $123,360,178 $3,768,412,650 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $368,153,331 $289,931,896 $1,126,386,143 $322,054,932 $71,291,555 $2,177,817,857 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 8,461 6,663 25,886 7,401 1,638 50,050 State Tax Revenues: $44,680,969 $35,187,616 $136,703,976 $39,086,232 $8,652,307 $264,311,100 Federal Tax Revenues: $54,326,864 $42,784,050 $166,216,143 $47,524,314 $10,520,200 $321,371,571

83

Tennessee All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $84,109,429 $332,367,576 $567,408,111 $6,695,340 $30,584,602 $1,021,165,059 Transportation $286,376,192 $248,610,371 $598,684,073 $2,115,329 $23,218,072 $1,159,004,037 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $60,414,661 $259,067,605 $209,272,610 $7,284,983 $55,582,935 $591,622,794 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $23,367,205 $42,734,393 $100,293,499 $1,316,910 $10,038,063 $177,750,070 Lodging $19,543,217 $179,683,226 $90,478,390 $5,658,357 $21,687,633 $317,050,821

Total Travel Costs = $473,810,704 $1,062,463,171 $1,566,136,682 $23,070,919 $141,111,305 $3,266,592,781 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $16,869,290 $9,743,807 $17,327,282 $5,449,983 $0 $49,390,362 Equipment $4,345,776 $101,460,727 $22,519,889 $12,249,588 $17,622,963 $158,198,943 Accessories $7,173,249 $15,273,639 $16,398,448 $5,202,395 $8,219,951 $52,267,681 Services $0 $2,091,880 $26,142,375 $5,350,073 $6,841,139 $40,425,466 TOTAL = $28,388,315 $128,570,053 $82,387,993 $28,252,039 $32,684,053 $300,282,453 TOTAL = $502,199,019 $1,191,033,224 $1,648,524,675 $51,322,958 $173,795,358 $3,566,875,234 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $25,699,327 $219,912,323 $280,751,943 $4,269,803 $15,873,191 $546,506,587 Transportation $114,357,173 $153,620,885 $297,253,449 $902,560 $6,153,375 $572,287,442 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $16,795,833 $193,343,700 $104,371,944 $1,423,268 $15,621,988 $331,556,734 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $5,022,398 $24,681,712 $50,021,167 $104,142 $3,789,078 $83,618,496 Lodging $9,644,340 $155,377,677 $44,485,436 $5,658,357 $11,530,077 $226,695,886

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $171,519,071 $746,936,297 $776,883,939 $12,358,128 $52,967,708 $1,760,665,144 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 20.9% 17.1% 21.0% 4.3% 8.0% 4,509,673 Number of Participants (residents) 944,677 771,509 945,588 195,498 362,741 2,380,149 % of Participants: 39.7% 32.4% 39.7% 8.2% 15.2% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 5,595,223 7,113,443 3,013,129 140,758 2,010,843 17,873,395 Primary Resident Overnight 2,113,431 1,308,905 2,557,108 0 298,899 6,278,343

Total Primary Resident Trips: 7,708,654 8,422,348 5,570,236 140,758 2,309,742 24,151,738 % of Trips: 31.9% 34.9% 23.1% 0.6% 9.6% 100.0% Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,410,984 1,384,589 2,821,508 0 467,969 6,085,049

84

Primary Non-Resident Overnight 1,896,625 7,707,226 2,278,150 44,533 312,517 12,239,052

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 3,307,609 9,091,815 5,099,658 44,533 780,486 18,324,102 % of Trips: 18.1% 49.6% 27.8% 0.2% 4.3% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 11,016,263 17,514,163 10,669,894 185,292 3,090,228 42,475,840

% of Trips: 25.9% 41.2% 25.1% 0.4% 7.3% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $350 $576 $922 $199 $333

(travel expenditures + equipment &

services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $39.21 $37.46 $141.69 $76.11 $38.16 Non-Residents $51.86 $82.15 $152.34 $277.50 $67.87

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL:

Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $171,519,071 $746,936,297 $776,883,939 $12,358,128 $52,967,708 $1,760,665,144

Total Economic Activity (output): $210,623,713 $917,230,344 $954,005,750 $15,175,659 $65,043,819 $2,162,079,286 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $110,747,038 $482,284,459 $501,621,158 $7,979,440 $34,200,377 $1,136,832,472 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 2,293 9,985 10,386 165 708 23,537 State Tax Revenues: $11,475,398 $49,973,402 $51,977,034 $826,814 $3,543,778 $117,796,426 Federal Tax Revenues: $11,151,374 $48,562,330 $50,509,387 $803,468 $3,443,714 $114,470,274 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $502,199,019 $1,191,033,224 $1,648,524,675 $51,322,958 $173,795,358 $3,566,875,234 Travel-related Only: $473,810,704 $1,062,463,171 $1,566,136,682 $23,070,919 $141,111,305 $3,266,592,781 Equipment & Accessories Only: $28,388,315 $128,570,053 $82,387,993 $28,252,039 $32,684,053 $300,282,453 Total Economic Activity (output): $584,909,198 $1,387,191,654 $1,920,030,125 $59,775,644 $202,418,761 $4,154,325,383 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $306,832,585 $727,695,175 $1,007,212,416 $31,357,201 $106,185,151 $2,179,282,528 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 6,383 15,139 20,954 652 2,209 45,337 State Tax Revenues: $32,450,079 $76,959,772 $106,521,027 $3,316,283 $11,229,956 $230,477,117 Federal Tax Revenues: $30,985,088 $73,485,347 $101,712,031 $3,166,566 $10,722,969 $220,072,001

85

Utah All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $214,424,160 $163,176,230 $332,940,336 $71,221,122 $30,446,723 $812,208,571 Transportation $309,604,581 $148,692,729 $378,524,160 $67,268,074 $29,040,368 $933,129,911 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $27,753,369 $92,009,389 $185,453,595 $180,008,708 $17,392,211 $502,617,272 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $85,105,131 $42,199,838 $90,288,905 $36,089,227 $3,957,690 $257,640,790 Lodging $220,854,925 $135,859,164 $18,407,974 $85,828,541 $13,829,986 $474,780,591

Total Travel Costs = $857,742,165 $581,937,350 $1,005,614,970 $440,415,672 $94,666,978 $2,980,377,134 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $12,206,948 $9,990,093 $7,961,219 $10,906,518 $1,655,941 $42,720,719 Equipment $4,556,748 $27,836,313 $37,276,543 $4,878,672 $831,718 $75,379,994 Accessories $5,473,486 $6,750,770 $10,408,675 $2,254,522 $564,756 $25,452,209 Services $731,567 $4,415,829 $9,820,578 $5,485,281 $1,955,693 $22,408,949 TOTAL = $22,968,749 $48,993,005 $65,467,015 $23,524,994 $5,008,109 $165,961,872 TOTAL = $880,710,914 $630,930,354 $1,071,081,986 $463,940,666 $99,675,087 $3,146,339,006

Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $148,562,607 $61,808,054 $155,950,794 $55,809,999 $6,527,012 $428,658,466 Transportation $216,578,202 $54,126,554 $178,342,669 $53,557,409 $6,234,287 $508,839,123 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $18,556,958 $30,091,579 $86,622,569 $141,373,308 $3,851,780 $280,496,194 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $58,683,647 $16,353,475 $42,291,741 $28,728,084 $884,415 $146,941,362 Lodging $159,554,555 $62,493,340 $8,194,062 $71,838,366 $2,782,217 $304,862,539

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $601,935,969 $224,873,003 $471,401,835 $351,307,167 $20,279,710 $1,669,797,684 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 43.3% 24.8% 46.2% 18.8% 14.9% 1,648,925 Number of Participants (residents) 714,023 409,425 761,579 310,393 246,132 1,231,685 % of Participants: 58.0% 33.2% 61.8% 25.2% 20.0% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 2,184,909 6,106,727 1,973,181 668,572 380,180 11,313,569 Primary Resident Overnight 2,020,256 3,519,363 1,868,724 413,857 304,220 8,126,419

Total Primary Resident Trips: 4,205,165 9,626,090 3,841,905 1,082,429 684,400 19,439,988 % of Trips: 21.6% 49.5% 19.8% 5.6% 3.5% 100.0%

86

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 3,380,602 954,889 1,737,234 1,396,764 107,489 7,576,978 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 4,843,499 2,761,282 1,380,890 1,957,449 70,568 11,013,688

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 8,224,102 3,716,171 3,118,124 3,354,213 178,057 18,590,667 % of Trips: 44.2% 20.0% 16.8% 18.0% 1.0% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 12,429,267 13,342,261 6,960,029 4,436,642 862,457 38,030,655

% of Trips: 32.7% 35.1% 18.3% 11.7% 2.3% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $390 $992 $787 $363 $323 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $60.83 $37.09 $139.05 $82.32 $108.69 Non-Residents $73.19 $60.51 $151.18 $104.74 $113.89

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL:

Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $601,935,969 $224,873,003 $471,401,835 $351,307,167 $20,279,710 $1,669,797,684 Total Economic Activity (output): $836,668,898 $312,565,219 $655,231,244 $488,304,065 $28,188,053 $2,320,957,478 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $411,313,438 $153,659,679 $322,117,168 $240,054,368 $13,857,483 $1,141,002,136 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 9,059 3,384 7,094 5,287 305 25,130 State Tax Revenues: $46,815,912 $17,489,625 $36,663,545 $27,323,114 $1,577,266 $129,869,463 Federal Tax Revenues: $120,125,377 $44,876,790 $94,075,327 $70,108,629 $4,047,121 $333,233,244 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $880,710,914 $630,930,354 $1,071,081,986 $463,940,666 $99,675,087 $3,146,339,006 Travel-related Only: $857,742,165 $581,937,350 $1,005,614,970 $440,415,672 $94,666,978 $2,980,377,134 Equipment & Accessories Only: $22,968,749 $48,993,005 $65,467,015 $23,524,994 $5,008,109 $165,961,872 Total Economic Activity (output): $1,192,754,522 $854,474,518 $1,450,575,736 $628,318,916 $134,990,845 $4,261,114,537 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $584,110,136 $418,449,243 $710,369,129 $307,697,385 $66,107,082 $2,086,732,976 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 12,928 9,262 15,723 6,810 1,463 46,186 State Tax Revenues: $66,993,885 $47,993,587 $81,475,025 $35,291,021 $7,582,081 $239,335,599 Federal Tax Revenues: $170,868,511 $122,408,078 $207,802,789 $90,010,070 $19,338,166 $610,427,613

87

Vermont All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $81,844,431 $16,969,765 $331,016,318 $138,437,980 $12,253,884 $580,522,378 Transportation $80,136,645 $17,231,020 $316,090,199 $237,708,455 $14,055,411 $665,221,728 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $42,285,132 $8,405,225 $82,288,165 $239,778,937 $11,464,096 $384,221,555 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $34,292,643 $7,045,165 $58,967,157 $97,322,649 $1,736,261 $199,363,875 Lodging $45,184,197 $11,484,955 $56,273,140 $293,302,495 $6,279,189 $412,523,976

Total Travel Costs = $283,743,048 $61,136,130 $844,634,980 $1,006,550,514 $45,788,841 $2,241,853,512 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $4,007,590 $2,541,284 $3,051,434 $6,235,959 $351,601 $16,187,868 Equipment $2,146,947 $5,782,566 $9,409,834 $1,973,678 $3,045,848 $22,358,873 Accessories $1,191,478 $1,533,231 $2,187,880 $1,793,041 $906,541 $7,612,169 Services $978,286 $109,558 $2,324,482 $3,352,152 $823,121 $7,587,599 TOTAL = $8,324,302 $9,966,639 $16,973,629 $13,354,829 $5,127,112 $53,746,510

TOTAL = $292,067,350 $71,102,769 $861,608,608 $1,019,905,343 $50,915,952 $2,295,600,022

Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $58,183,885 $11,009,513 $286,742,822 $123,551,591 $5,100,251 $484,588,062 Transportation $52,711,467 $9,568,651 $272,767,741 $214,310,911 $5,913,714 $555,272,484 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $27,235,077 $5,264,854 $71,595,707 $212,985,606 $4,504,407 $321,585,650 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $17,090,159 $4,032,926 $50,453,089 $89,434,416 $647,294 $161,657,885 Lodging $38,410,939 $10,402,942 $50,053,263 $282,879,196 $3,723,853 $385,470,193

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $193,631,527 $40,278,887 $731,612,622 $923,161,720 $19,889,518 $1,908,574,274 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 33.5% 29.0% 21.1% 25.0% 13.3% 486,500 Number of Participants (residents) 162,826 141,315 102,828 121,803 64,731 364,628 % of Participants: 44.7% 38.8% 28.2% 33.4% 17.8% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 2,253,832 1,483,063 390,566 1,065,681 405,560 5,598,701 Primary Resident Overnight 364,275 55,941 297,901 146,163 80,468 944,749

Total Primary Resident Trips: 2,618,107 1,539,004 688,466 1,211,844 486,028 6,543,450 % of Trips: 40.0% 23.5% 10.5% 18.5% 7.4% 100.0%

88

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,364,911 245,088 1,898,977 2,087,778 190,071 5,786,825 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 1,902,803 495,407 2,208,151 3,653,769 108,013 8,368,143

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 3,267,714 740,495 4,107,128 5,741,547 298,084 14,154,968 % of Trips: 23.1% 5.2% 29.0% 40.6% 2.1% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 5,885,821 2,279,499 4,795,594 6,953,391 784,112 20,698,418

% of Trips: 28.4% 11.0% 23.2% 33.6% 3.8% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $605 $218 $1,264 $794 $479 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $34.42 $13.55 $164.17 $68.81 $53.29 Non-Residents $59.26 $54.39 $178.13 $160.79 $66.72

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $193,631,527 $40,278,887 $731,612,622 $923,161,720 $19,889,518 $1,908,574,274 Total Economic Activity (output): $178,383,921 $37,107,107 $674,001,441 $850,466,915 $18,323,308 $1,758,282,692 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $100,478,158 $20,901,288 $379,644,211 $479,041,767 $10,320,954 $990,386,378 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 2,592 539 9,792 12,356 266 25,544 State Tax Revenues: $15,116,165 $3,144,438 $57,114,549 $72,068,147 $1,552,708 $148,996,008 Federal Tax Revenues: $14,564,279 $3,029,635 $55,029,315 $69,436,961 $1,496,019 $143,556,211 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $292,067,350 $71,102,769 $861,608,608 $1,019,905,343 $50,915,952 $2,295,600,022 Travel-related Only: $283,743,048 $61,136,130 $844,634,980 $1,006,550,514 $45,788,841 $2,241,853,512 Equipment & Accessories Only: $8,324,302 $9,966,639 $16,973,629 $13,354,829 $5,127,112 $53,746,510 Total Economic Activity (output): $262,451,065 $63,892,788 $774,239,561 $916,484,652 $45,752,960 $2,062,821,027 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $147,039,345 $35,796,211 $433,771,065 $513,464,493 $25,633,294 $1,155,704,408 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 3,822 930 11,276 13,347 666 30,042 State Tax Revenues: $22,170,869 $5,397,420 $65,404,816 $77,421,141 $3,865,036 $174,259,282 Federal Tax Revenues: $21,345,049 $5,196,377 $62,968,621 $74,537,362 $3,721,072 $167,768,481

89

Washington All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $233,505,915 $412,726,668 $1,131,344,914 $156,564,486 $19,767,290 $1,953,909,273 Transportation $365,413,842 $396,933,205 $1,081,159,797 $166,856,522 $20,428,971 $2,030,792,336 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $99,510,259 $288,623,126 $563,341,414 $159,853,238 $25,479,284 $1,136,807,321 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $80,013,178 $124,019,231 $264,794,739 $33,346,346 $10,719,214 $512,892,708 Lodging $83,019,022 $342,714,932 $277,568,511 $69,607,061 $11,780,988 $784,690,513

Total Travel Costs = $861,462,217 $1,565,017,162 $3,318,209,374 $586,227,652 $88,175,746 $6,419,092,151 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $52,906,394 $35,275,699 $33,806,862 $45,090,158 $16,881,331 $183,960,445 Equipment $35,367,000 $100,896,825 $168,538,622 $38,552,316 $25,805,570 $369,160,334 Accessories $31,674,377 $25,096,101 $41,412,744 $10,460,781 $10,927,482 $119,571,485 Services $28,040,124 $16,074,129 $20,219,903 $16,385,258 $12,204,444 $92,923,857 TOTAL = $147,987,895 $177,342,754 $263,978,132 $110,488,513 $65,818,827 $765,616,121

TOTAL = $1,009,450,111 $1,742,359,916 $3,582,187,506 $696,716,166 $153,994,573 $7,184,708,271

Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $60,944,675 $155,848,069 $236,611,524 $74,902,221 $7,807,304 $536,113,792 Transportation $106,031,476 $151,216,862 $226,889,225 $76,896,505 $8,297,579 $569,331,648 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $31,480,384 $122,084,556 $112,820,945 $70,472,685 $10,923,000 $347,781,570 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $25,354,387 $52,135,267 $54,598,823 $16,710,257 $4,941,505 $153,740,239 Lodging $34,866,445 $150,429,524 $68,075,058 $48,955,311 $6,426,123 $308,752,461

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $258,677,367 $631,714,278 $698,995,576 $287,936,979 $38,395,510 $1,915,719,710 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 38.9% 32.3% 35.7% 11.5% 11.8% 4,717,768 Number of Participants (residents) 1,837,100 1,522,469 1,685,523 543,671 555,625 3,306,016 % of Participants: 55.6% 46.1% 51.0% 16.4% 16.8% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 13,018,774 12,666,946 8,276,949 2,130,201 635,635 36,728,504 Primary Resident Overnight 2,417,624 5,251,995 5,145,058 261,435 327,025 13,403,137

Total Primary Resident Trips: 15,436,398 17,918,940 13,422,008 2,391,636 962,660 50,131,641 % of Trips: 30.8% 35.7% 26.8% 4.8% 1.9% 100.0%

90

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,940,823 1,285,917 1,671,339 764,700 174,341 5,837,120 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 1,612,440 3,784,581 1,539,979 570,838 361,483 7,869,321

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 3,553,263 5,070,498 3,211,318 1,335,538 535,824 13,706,441 % of Trips: 25.9% 37.0% 23.4% 9.7% 3.9% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 18,989,661 22,989,438 16,633,325 3,727,174 1,498,484 63,838,082

% of Trips: 29.7% 36.0% 26.1% 5.8% 2.3% 100.0% Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $409 $730 $1,711 $752 $208

(travel expenditures + equipment &

services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $39.05 $52.08 $195.14 $124.72 $51.71 Non-Residents $72.80 $124.59 $217.67 $215.60 $71.66

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL:

Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $258,677,367 $631,714,278 $698,995,576 $287,936,979 $38,395,510 $1,915,719,710

Total Economic Activity (output): $355,039,853 $867,040,462 $959,385,387 $395,199,254 $52,698,605 $2,629,363,561 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $173,969,499 $424,849,756 $470,098,762 $193,647,602 $25,822,312 $1,288,387,931 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 3,433 8,383 9,276 3,821 510 25,424 State Tax Revenues: $21,127,489 $51,595,301 $57,090,505 $23,517,270 $3,135,956 $156,466,521 Federal Tax Revenues: $21,460,004 $52,407,333 $57,989,023 $23,887,396 $3,185,311 $158,929,067 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $1,009,450,111 $1,742,359,916 $3,582,187,506 $696,716,166 $153,994,573 $7,184,708,271 Travel-related Only: $861,462,217 $1,565,017,162 $3,318,209,374 $586,227,652 $88,175,746 $6,419,092,151 Equipment & Accessories Only: $147,987,895 $177,342,754 $263,978,132 $110,488,513 $65,818,827 $765,616,121 Total Economic Activity (output): $1,315,400,086 $2,270,444,431 $4,667,897,603 $907,880,929 $200,668,138 $9,362,291,187 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $641,893,414 $1,107,939,205 $2,277,856,568 $443,030,827 $97,922,721 $4,568,642,736 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 12,688 21,901 45,027 8,757 1,936 90,309 State Tax Revenues: $79,512,952 $137,243,217 $282,163,824 $54,879,343 $12,129,934 $565,929,271 Federal Tax Revenues: $79,278,562 $136,838,649 $281,332,056 $54,717,569 $12,094,177 $564,261,013

91

West Virginia

All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $81,654,995 $95,521,551 $943,955,321 $144,820,385 $20,006,157 $1,285,958,410 Transportation $87,640,689 $129,887,443 $809,676,283 $90,143,644 $30,542,454 $1,147,890,513 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $34,209,995 $23,872,052 $444,333,478 $101,295,485 $26,869,972 $630,580,982 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $15,286,075 $0 $169,351,695 $30,232,130 $7,922,274 $222,792,173 Lodging $46,425,400 $79,869,180 $223,025,626 $153,084,704 $35,706,324 $538,111,235 Total Travel Costs = $265,217,153 $329,150,226 $2,590,342,404 $519,576,348 $121,047,181 $3,825,333,311 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $5,169,218 $4,910,322 $12,575,268 $7,848,041 $1,040,539 $31,543,388 Equipment $3,966,036 $8,026,063 $31,111,272 $7,024,671 $836,626 $50,964,669 Accessories $3,363,014 $2,444,989 $16,319,232 $3,831,268 $445,854 $26,404,358 Services $1,066,770 $575,678 $13,241,722 $2,163,349 $3,253,685 $20,301,205 TOTAL = $13,565,039 $15,957,052 $73,247,494 $20,867,330 $5,576,704 $129,213,619 TOTAL = $278,782,192 $345,107,278 $2,663,589,898 $540,443,677 $126,623,885 $3,954,546,931 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $59,169,874 $8,862,990 $325,922,440 $126,954,829 $13,926,455 $534,836,588 Transportation $63,038,382 $11,109,141 $282,123,183 $76,118,900 $22,115,022 $454,504,628 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $24,721,531 $2,096,473 $152,047,701 $84,217,297 $20,230,870 $283,313,873 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $11,174,142 $0 $59,310,901 $26,499,216 $5,823,322 $102,807,582 Lodging $34,730,102 $5,955,599 $90,597,508 $140,723,696 $28,883,110 $300,890,015 Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $192,834,031 $28,024,202 $910,001,733 $454,513,939 $90,978,780 $1,676,352,685 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 26.5% 16.0% 28.1% 5.8% 8.0% 1,430,713 Number of Participants (residents) 379,596 228,244 402,077 82,620 114,409 835,941 % of Participants: 45.4% 27.3% 48.1% 9.9% 13.7% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 1,431,835 2,185,392 4,532,766 311,644 311,543 8,773,180 Primary Resident Overnight 666,291 3,829,940 3,282,009 82,620 175,078 8,035,938

Total Primary Resident Trips: 2,098,126 6,015,332 7,814,775 394,265 486,621 16,809,119 % of Trips: 12.5% 35.8% 46.5% 2.3% 2.9% 100.0%

92

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 2,810,450 553,835 1,665,349 805,637 460,104 6,295,374 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 1,822,490 284,250 2,068,153 866,379 682,642 5,723,913

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 4,632,940 838,085 3,733,502 1,672,015 1,142,745 12,019,287 % of Trips: 38.5% 7.0% 31.1% 13.9% 9.5% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 6,731,066 6,853,417 11,548,277 2,066,280 1,629,366 28,828,406

% of Trips: 23.3% 23.8% 40.1% 7.2% 5.7% 100.0% Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $226 $1,389 $4,361 $1,040 $312 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $34.50 $50.06 $215.02 $165.02 $61.79 Non-Residents $41.62 $33.44 $243.74 $271.84 $79.61

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $192,834,031 $28,024,202 $910,001,733 $454,513,939 $90,978,780 $1,676,352,685 Total Economic Activity (output): $222,515,160 $32,337,703 $1,050,069,740 $524,472,994 $104,982,288 $1,934,377,886 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $106,594,560 $15,491,184 $503,029,643 $251,245,658 $50,291,139 $926,652,184 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 2,879 418 13,588 6,787 1,359 25,032 State Tax Revenues: $13,039,635 $1,895,025 $61,535,249 $30,734,698 $6,152,078 $113,356,685 Federal Tax Revenues: $21,534,403 $3,129,554 $101,622,853 $50,757,050 $10,159,896 $187,203,756 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $278,782,192 $345,107,278 $2,663,589,898 $540,443,677 $126,623,885 $3,954,546,931 Travel-related Only: $265,217,153 $329,150,226 $2,590,342,404 $519,576,348 $121,047,181 $3,825,333,311 Equipment & Accessories Only: $13,565,039 $15,957,052 $73,247,494 $20,867,330 $5,576,704 $129,213,619 Total Economic Activity (output): $305,542,794 $378,234,497 $2,919,270,755 $592,321,447 $138,778,648 $4,334,148,141 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $142,226,961 $176,064,185 $1,358,889,873 $275,719,412 $64,600,003 $2,017,500,435 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 3,829 4,740 36,582 7,423 1,739 54,312 State Tax Revenues: $17,407,050 $21,548,362 $166,313,500 $33,745,090 $7,906,345 $246,920,347 Federal Tax Revenues: $28,671,703 $35,492,989 $273,940,231 $55,582,605 $13,022,792 $406,710,321

93

Wisconsin All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $70,297,374 $163,280,014 $1,319,757,602 $72,472,411 $111,037,565 $1,736,844,966 Transportation $58,891,739 $206,390,898 $1,119,211,255 $44,805,076 $93,782,368 $1,523,081,336 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $21,911,105 $70,595,668 $496,635,745 $93,953,188 $82,981,151 $766,076,856 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $13,233,066 $29,536,578 $285,249,506 $6,830,745 $25,510,846 $360,360,742 Lodging $106,728,561 $0 $545,738,985 $64,418,719 $32,259,164 $749,145,429 Total Travel Costs = $271,061,846 $469,803,157 $3,766,593,093 $282,480,138 $345,571,095 $5,135,509,329 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $10,910,686 $27,497,410 $35,095,515 $11,161,422 $22,463,509 $107,128,542 Equipment $9,677,887 $28,585,879 $81,770,020 $1,638,796 $20,478,658 $142,151,241 Accessories $4,622,498 $11,597,839 $35,675,868 $7,178,095 $13,007,992 $72,082,293 Services $1,836,311 $3,715,484 $43,424,776 $3,352,002 $4,689,767 $57,018,339 TOTAL = $27,047,383 $71,396,612 $195,966,179 $23,330,314 $60,639,926 $378,380,415 TOTAL = $298,109,229 $541,199,770 $3,962,559,272 $305,810,453 $406,211,021 $5,513,889,744 Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $33,030,873 $36,228,724 $559,041,538 $29,508,720 $48,716,078 $706,525,934 Transportation $26,796,201 $57,932,779 $474,011,220 $18,264,176 $38,454,388 $615,458,764 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $10,262,720 $22,123,846 $210,182,240 $38,239,932 $33,336,522 $314,145,260 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $6,880,603 $7,569,493 $120,786,877 $2,778,409 $10,847,965 $148,863,348 Lodging $62,274,541 $0 $232,469,202 $26,507,640 $17,016,727 $338,268,111 Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $139,244,938 $123,854,841 $1,596,491,078 $115,298,878 $148,371,681 $2,123,261,416 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 24.8% 36.3% 27.0% 12.6% 18.7% 4,201,040 Number of Participants (residents) 1,040,242 1,524,056 1,133,121 530,253 786,937 2,688,419 % of Participants: 38.7% 56.7% 42.1% 19.7% 29.3% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 3,831,258 13,727,266 5,121,090 1,554,752 1,752,722 25,987,088 Primary Resident Overnight 1,848,095 7,239,794 5,651,117 606,610 648,436 15,994,051 Total Primary Resident Trips: 5,679,353 20,967,059 10,772,206 2,161,362 2,401,158 41,981,139 % of Trips: 13.5% 49.9% 25.7% 5.1% 5.7% 100.0% Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 1,929,305 1,215,892 3,432,535 974,296 744,555 8,296,583 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 2,384,682 4,182,530 3,862,673 390,680 666,800 11,487,366

94

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 4,313,987 5,398,422 7,295,209 1,364,976 1,411,355 19,783,948 % of Trips: 21.8% 27.3% 36.9% 6.9% 7.1% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 9,993,339 26,365,482 18,067,415 3,526,339 3,812,513 61,765,087 % of Trips: 16.2% 42.7% 29.3% 5.7% 6.2% 100.0% Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $153 $274 $2,088 $359 $328 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $23.21 $16.50 $201.45 $77.35 $82.13 Non-Residents $32.28 $22.94 $218.84 $84.47 $105.13 Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $139,244,938 $123,854,841 $1,596,491,078 $115,298,878 $148,371,681 $2,123,261,416 Total Economic Activity (output): $155,718,839 $138,507,958 $1,785,370,009 $128,939,749 $165,925,355 $2,374,461,909 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $83,885,838 $74,614,325 $961,779,964 $69,459,925 $89,384,095 $1,279,124,147 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 2,208 1,964 25,319 1,829 2,353 33,673 State Tax Revenues: $11,583,237 $10,302,995 $132,805,791 $9,591,259 $12,342,454 $176,625,736 Federal Tax Revenues: $8,801,684 $7,828,875 $100,914,332 $7,288,052 $9,378,586 $134,211,528 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $298,109,229 $541,199,770 $3,962,559,272 $305,810,453 $406,211,021 $5,513,889,744 Travel-related Only: $271,061,846 $469,803,157 $3,766,593,093 $282,480,138 $345,571,095 $5,135,509,329 Equipment & Accessories Only: $27,047,383 $71,396,612 $195,966,179 $23,330,314 $60,639,926 $378,380,415 Total Economic Activity (output): $325,210,535 $590,400,596 $4,322,798,138 $333,611,882 $443,139,932 $6,015,161,083 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $175,361,472 $318,358,438 $2,330,958,457 $179,891,684 $238,951,887 $3,243,521,938 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 4,571 8,299 60,761 4,689 6,229 84,549 State Tax Revenues: $24,408,436 $44,312,080 $324,444,415 $25,038,993 $33,259,540 $451,463,463 Federal Tax Revenues: $18,438,676 $33,474,331 $245,092,530 $18,915,012 $25,124,996 $341,045,546

95

Wyoming All Expenditures ALL (Residents + Non-Residents) Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $116,318,537 $29,034,562 $865,433,685 $46,037,859 $8,700,523 $1,065,525,166 Transportation $93,058,762 $19,755,235 $707,285,607 $47,885,636 $8,215,602 $876,200,841 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $29,438,894 $8,268,301 $421,139,252 $32,322,911 $7,336,504 $498,505,863 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $25,634,091 $3,460,133 $130,267,076 $12,226,772 $950,090 $172,538,163 Lodging $79,740,313 $36,331,401 $415,688,534 $34,729,369 $9,934,290 $576,423,907

Total Travel Costs = $344,190,598 $96,849,633 $2,539,814,155 $173,202,546 $35,137,010 $3,189,193,941 Equipment & Services = Apparel & Footwear $1,455,544 $821,986 $4,281,706 $3,694,053 $1,173,696 $11,426,986 Equipment $849,932 $3,201,728 $13,516,045 $2,509,750 $680,748 $20,758,202 Accessories $863,043 $945,794 $5,754,477 $1,745,455 $383,686 $9,692,455 Services $345,526 $389,484 $2,255,212 $1,238,432 $528,819 $4,757,473 TOTAL = $3,514,046 $5,358,993 $25,807,440 $9,187,689 $2,766,948 $46,635,116 TOTAL = $347,704,643 $102,208,625 $2,565,621,595 $182,390,235 $37,903,958 $3,235,829,057

Non-Residents: Trip Expenditures: Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Food & Drink $108,632,234 $22,299,674 $809,815,815 $34,811,411 $6,582,654 $982,141,787 Transportation $86,648,625 $15,614,269 $664,619,648 $36,902,555 $6,190,309 $809,975,405 Recreation, Entertainment & Activities $27,282,427 $6,304,149 $394,425,324 $24,218,362 $5,546,635 $457,776,897 Souvenirs, Gifts & Other Miscellaneous $24,169,979 $2,897,904 $122,359,003 $9,360,627 $729,084 $159,516,596 Lodging $75,862,208 $30,427,992 $394,624,762 $18,358,375 $7,366,442 $526,639,778

Total Non-Resident Travel Costs = $322,595,473 $77,543,988 $2,385,844,550 $123,651,329 $26,415,123 $2,936,050,463 Equipment & Services (not applicable ) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Participation Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: % of State Population Participating: 35.8% 28.6% 39.7% 10.4% 8.5% 389,597 Number of Participants (residents) 139,649 111,406 154,731 40,348 33,061 239,382 % of Participants: 58.3% 46.5% 64.6% 16.9% 13.8% 100.0% Number of Primary Trips: Primary Resident Day Trips 314,987 633,598 321,840 81,414 28,484 1,380,323 Primary Resident Overnight 183,779 212,117 391,255 137,182 71,399 995,731

Total Primary Resident Trips: 498,766 845,715 713,095 218,596 99,882 2,376,054 % of Trips: 21.0% 35.6% 30.0% 9.2% 4.2% 100.0%

96

Primary Non-Resident Day Trips 2,032,969 353,309 2,366,233 828,561 133,705 5,714,777 Primary Non-Resident Overnight 3,311,372 1,007,056 6,751,724 141,697 188,663 11,400,512

Total Primary Non-Resident Trips: 5,344,341 1,360,365 9,117,957 970,259 322,368 17,115,289 % of Trips: 31.2% 7.9% 53.3% 5.7% 1.9% 100.0% TOTAL PRIMARY TRIPS: 5,843,107 2,206,080 9,831,052 1,188,855 422,250 19,491,343

% of Trips: 30.0% 11.3% 50.4% 6.1% 2.2% 100.0%

Expenditures Per Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports Per Participant, Annually (residents): $180 $221 $1,162 $1,456 $347 (travel expenditures + equipment & services) Dollars Per Primary Trip: Residents $43.30 $22.83 $215.92 $226.68 $87.32 Non-Residents $60.36 $57.00 $261.66 $127.44 $81.94

Economic Impacts Non-Residents (based on travel costs) Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales (only includes trip expenditures): $322,595,473 $77,543,988 $2,385,844,550 $123,651,329 $26,415,123 $2,936,050,463 Total Economic Activity (output): $394,744,190 $94,886,758 $2,919,440,454 $151,306,041 $32,322,885 $3,592,700,327 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $180,301,423 $43,340,011 $1,333,469,325 $69,109,806 $14,763,643 $1,640,984,208 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 4,602 1,106 34,035 1,764 377 41,885 State Tax Revenues: $23,853,078 $5,733,691 $176,412,073 $9,142,921 $1,953,164 $217,094,928 Federal Tax Revenues: $43,048,379 $10,347,767 $318,376,259 $16,500,508 $3,524,935 $391,797,849 Total Impacts (residents + non-residents; travel $ + equipment $): Trail Bicycle Camping Snow Sports Paddle Sports TOTAL: Retail Sales: $347,704,643 $102,208,625 $2,565,621,595 $182,390,235 $37,903,958 $3,235,829,057 Travel-related Only: $344,190,598 $96,849,633 $2,539,814,155 $173,202,546 $35,137,010 $3,189,193,941 Equipment & Accessories Only: $3,514,046 $5,358,993 $25,807,440 $9,187,689 $2,766,948 $46,635,116 Total Economic Activity (output): $411,852,358 $121,065,002 $3,038,950,804 $216,039,245 $44,896,825 $3,832,804,235 Salaries & Wages plus Business Earnings: $188,929,874 $55,536,396 $1,394,064,113 $99,104,124 $20,595,612 $1,758,230,120 (Total Value Added) Employment (full & part-time): 4,753 1,397 35,069 2,493 518 44,230 State Tax Revenues: $25,113,218 $7,382,091 $185,303,863 $13,173,266 $2,737,641 $233,710,079 Federal Tax Revenues: $44,991,527 $13,225,369 $331,980,707 $23,600,534 $4,904,614 $418,702,750

97

Appendix III:

Detailed State-Level Wildlife-Based Recreation Impacts

98

Alaska RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $635,482,483 $1,039,046,515 $257,656,986 11,977 $3,014,904 $0 $26,701,526 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $527,407,145 $862,337,783 $213,837,736 9,940 $2,502,165 $0 $22,160,447 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $68,213,090 $111,531,907 $27,657,063 1,286 $323,622 $0 $2,866,159

Travel Expenses Only: $459,194,055 $750,805,876 $186,180,673 8,654 $2,178,543 $0 $19,294,288 All Hunting Activities

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $273,423,646 $437,173,030 $105,422,888 5,164 $1,019,123 $0 $10,662,087 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $213,746,253 $341,755,727 $82,413,309 4,037 $796,690 $0 $8,334,982 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $37,262,574 $59,578,579 $14,367,185 704 $138,888 $0 $1,453,045

Travel Expenses Only: $176,724,336 $282,561,930 $68,138,913 3,338 $658,699 $0 $6,891,321 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $558,768,000 $886,928,000 $265,328,000 14,367 $2,352,000 $0 $30,240,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $254,339,842 $403,711,607 $120,771,915 6,540 $1,070,583 $0 $13,764,634 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $135,611,551 $215,255,136 $64,394,421 3,487 $570,824 $0 $7,339,170

Travel Expenses Only: $118,728,291 $188,456,471 $56,377,495 3,053 $499,758 $0 $6,425,464 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,467,674,130 $2,363,147,545 $628,407,875 31,509 $6,386,028 $0 $67,603,613 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $995,493,240 $1,607,805,117 $417,022,960 20,517 $4,369,437 $0 $44,260,062 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $241,087,215 $386,365,623 $106,418,669 5,476 $1,033,334 $0 $11,658,373

Travel Expenses Only: $754,646,681 $1,221,824,277 $310,697,080 15,045 $3,337,001 $0 $32,611,073

99

Alaska RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $635,482,483 $1,039,046,515 $257,656,986 11,977 $3,014,904 $0 $26,701,526 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $527,407,145 $862,337,783 $213,837,736 9,940 $2,502,165 $0 $22,160,447 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $68,213,090 $111,531,907 $27,657,063 1,286 $323,622 $0 $2,866,159

Travel Expenses Only: $459,194,055 $750,805,876 $186,180,673 8,654 $2,178,543 $0 $19,294,288 All Hunting Activities

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $273,423,646 $437,173,030 $105,422,888 5,164 $1,019,123 $0 $10,662,087 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $213,746,253 $341,755,727 $82,413,309 4,037 $796,690 $0 $8,334,982 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $37,262,574 $59,578,579 $14,367,185 704 $138,888 $0 $1,453,045 Travel Expenses Only: $176,724,336 $282,561,930 $68,138,913 3,338 $658,699 $0 $6,891,321 All Wildlife Viewing Activities

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $558,768,000 $886,928,000 $265,328,000 14,367 $2,352,000 $0 $30,240,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $254,339,842 $403,711,607 $120,771,915 6,540 $1,070,583 $0 $13,764,634 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $135,611,551 $215,255,136 $64,394,421 3,487 $570,824 $0 $7,339,170

Travel Expenses Only: $118,728,291 $188,456,471 $56,377,495 3,053 $499,758 $0 $6,425,464 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,467,674,130 $2,363,147,545 $628,407,875 31,509 $6,386,028 $0 $67,603,613 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $995,493,240 $1,607,805,117 $417,022,960 20,517 $4,369,437 $0 $44,260,062 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $241,087,215 $386,365,623 $106,418,669 5,476 $1,033,334 $0 $11,658,373

Travel Expenses Only: $754,646,681 $1,221,824,277 $310,697,080 15,045 $3,337,001 $0 $32,611,073

100

Arizona RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $483,264,067 $914,356,167 $234,221,390 9,178 $27,718,607 $5,567,495 $38,482,276 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $235,260,015 $445,121,953 $114,022,398 4,468 $13,493,823 $2,710,338 $18,733,735 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $81,312,997 $153,847,648 $39,409,599 1,544 $4,663,875 $936,775 $6,474,947

Travel Expenses Only: $153,947,018 $291,274,305 $74,612,799 2,924 $8,829,949 $1,773,563 $12,258,788 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $328,552,241 $618,631,903 $150,387,598 5,766 $17,908,933 $3,618,928 $25,649,235 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $183,716,585 $345,920,455 $84,092,246 3,224 $10,014,140 $2,023,596 $14,342,285 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $112,410,174 $211,657,422 $51,453,297 1,973 $6,127,325 $1,238,172 $8,775,575

Travel Expenses Only: $71,730,090 $135,060,780 $32,832,879 1,259 $3,909,909 $790,090 $5,599,785 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $919,184,000 $1,581,216,000 $475,552,000 20,092 $44,576,000 $7,840,000 $52,304,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $418,393,883 $719,737,400 $216,461,609 9,145 $20,290,090 $3,568,609 $23,807,718 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $223,083,584 $383,757,042 $115,415,243 4,876 $10,818,480 $1,902,748 $12,694,046

Travel Expenses Only: $195,310,299 $335,980,358 $101,046,366 4,269 $9,471,609 $1,665,861 $11,113,672 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,731,000,307 $3,114,204,070 $860,160,988 35,036 $90,203,540 $17,026,422 $116,435,511 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $837,370,483 $1,510,779,809 $414,576,254 16,838 $43,798,053 $8,302,543 $56,883,738 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $416,806,755 $749,262,111 $206,278,139 8,393 $21,609,680 $4,077,695 $27,944,568

Travel Expenses Only: $420,987,407 $762,315,444 $208,492,044 8,452 $22,211,467 $4,229,514 $28,972,245

101

Arizona NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $53,569,426 $102,565,656 $28,879,329 1,188 $2,964,328 $720,480 $4,979,926 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $46,599,045 $89,219,953 $25,121,590 1,033 $2,578,614 $626,732 $4,331,945 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $2,898,281 $5,549,137 $1,562,466 64 $160,380 $38,980 $269,430

Travel Expenses Only: $43,700,764 $83,670,815 $23,559,124 969 $2,418,234 $587,752 $4,062,515 All Hunting Activities Caution - results based on small sample size

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $24,124,502 $45,767,927 $12,782,857 563 $772,866 $353,552 $2,505,810 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $22,318,495 $42,341,651 $11,825,908 521 $715,008 $327,085 $2,318,220 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $8,330,605 $15,804,451 $4,414,140 195 $266,884 $122,088 $865,299

Travel Expenses Only: $15,119,787 $28,684,584 $8,011,526 353 $484,386 $221,585 $1,570,491 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $253,344,000 $435,232,000 $137,088,000 6,404 $12,880,000 $2,352,000 $15,344,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $115,317,042 $198,108,765 $62,399,673 2,915 $5,862,714 $1,070,583 $6,984,277 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $61,485,935 $105,629,683 $33,270,904 1,554 $3,125,943 $570,824 $3,723,949

Travel Expenses Only: $53,831,107 $92,479,082 $29,128,769 1,361 $2,736,772 $499,758 $3,260,328 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $331,037,928 $583,565,583 $178,750,186 8,155 $16,617,195 $3,426,032 $22,829,736 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $184,234,582 $329,670,368 $99,347,170 4,469 $9,156,336 $2,024,399 $13,634,442 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $72,714,821 $126,983,271 $39,247,510 1,813 $3,553,207 $731,892 $4,858,679

Travel Expenses Only: $112,651,658 $204,834,481 $60,699,418 2,683 $5,639,392 $1,309,095 $8,893,334

102

California RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $2,585,716,848 $5,303,789,992 $1,391,761,276 46,690 $176,831,727 $66,921,410 $250,835,273 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $1,873,552,649 $3,843,007,713 $1,008,439,121 33,830 $128,128,318 $48,489,758 $181,749,634 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $650,613,942 $1,334,531,164 $350,192,749 11,748 $44,494,117 $16,838,658 $63,114,771

Travel Expenses Only: $1,222,938,707 $2,508,476,549 $658,246,373 22,082 $83,634,201 $31,651,100 $118,634,863 All Hunting Activities Caution - results based on small sample size

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $579,038,788 $1,170,090,651 $291,051,166 9,834 $39,624,004 $13,969,939 $52,257,272 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $350,343,284 $707,954,994 $176,098,430 5,950 $23,974,221 $8,452,412 $31,617,889 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $177,869,373 $359,428,927 $89,405,217 3,021 $12,171,718 $4,291,292 $16,052,410

Travel Expenses Only: $175,171,156 $353,976,514 $88,048,970 2,975 $11,987,077 $4,226,194 $15,808,901 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $2,890,608,000 $5,789,392,000 $1,791,888,000 68,723 $148,176,000 $52,528,000 $213,136,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $1,315,746,038 $2,635,213,625 $815,631,015 31,281 $67,446,705 $23,909,678 $97,015,177 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $701,543,101 $1,405,070,496 $434,886,593 16,679 $35,961,933 $12,748,410 $51,727,557

Travel Expenses Only: $614,202,937 $1,230,143,130 $380,744,422 14,602 $31,484,772 $11,161,268 $45,287,620 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $6,055,363,635 $12,263,272,643 $3,474,700,442 125,247 $364,631,730 $133,419,349 $516,228,545 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $3,539,641,971 $7,186,176,332 $2,000,168,566 71,062 $219,549,243 $80,851,849 $310,382,700 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $1,530,026,416 $3,099,030,587 $874,484,558 31,448 $92,627,767 $33,878,360 $130,894,738

Travel Expenses Only: $2,012,312,800 $4,092,596,193 $1,127,039,765 39,660 $127,106,050 $47,038,563 $179,731,384

103

California NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $105,737,330 $223,027,804 $61,638,609 2,054 $6,137,599 $2,943,206 $11,031,743 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $64,373,916 $135,781,497 $37,526,185 1,250 $3,736,630 $1,791,852 $6,716,232 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0 Travel Expenses Only: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0 All Hunting Activities Caution - results based on small sample size

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $19,418,269 $41,012,316 $10,827,461 378 $1,075,935 $536,405 $2,006,525 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $14,857,833 $31,380,457 $8,284,601 289 $823,248 $410,429 $1,535,287 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $8,128,727 $17,168,261 $4,532,509 158 $450,400 $224,546 $839,956

Travel Expenses Only: $7,136,867 $15,073,406 $3,979,456 139 $395,442 $197,147 $737,466 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $528,304,000 $1,056,496,000 $328,384,000 12,198 $148,176,000 $52,528,000 $213,136,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $240,473,248 $480,895,516 $149,473,726 5,552 $67,446,705 $23,909,678 $97,015,177 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $128,218,017 $256,408,852 $79,697,949 2,960 $35,961,933 $12,748,410 $51,727,557

Travel Expenses Only: $112,255,231 $224,486,664 $69,775,776 2,592 $31,484,772 $11,161,268 $45,287,620 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $653,459,599 $1,320,536,120 $400,850,070 14,629 $155,389,534 $56,007,611 $226,174,268 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $333,619,569 $677,406,957 $203,395,883 7,362 $72,814,265 $26,499,273 $106,718,426 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $150,261,315 $302,926,599 $92,341,830 3,389 $37,220,014 $13,360,269 $54,019,242

Travel Expenses Only: $183,766,014 $375,341,567 $111,281,417 3,981 $35,616,844 $13,150,268 $52,741,318

104

Colorado RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $856,183,769 $1,710,076,388 $448,016,934 16,512 $34,653,476 $14,543,111 $76,558,149 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $464,207,469 $927,172,717 $242,906,738 8,953 $18,788,493 $7,885,014 $41,508,454 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $133,257,790 $266,158,982 $69,730,061 2,570 $5,393,522 $2,263,513 $11,915,631

Travel Expenses Only: $330,949,679 $661,013,735 $173,176,677 6,383 $13,394,971 $5,621,501 $29,592,823 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $518,160,792 $1,047,639,009 $286,467,963 10,858 $18,042,684 $9,213,256 $48,104,631 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $349,468,919 $706,570,774 $193,205,760 7,323 $12,168,727 $6,213,798 $32,443,739 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $157,865,518 $319,179,060 $87,276,795 3,308 $5,496,976 $2,806,958 $14,655,803

Travel Expenses Only: $204,493,105 $413,452,652 $113,055,106 4,285 $7,120,578 $3,636,028 $18,984,581 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $699,328,000 $1,329,104,000 $412,160,000 17,913 $36,400,000 $9,856,000 $49,392,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $318,319,899 $604,981,140 $187,606,859 8,154 $16,568,541 $4,486,251 $22,482,235 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $169,725,101 $322,570,110 $100,030,168 4,348 $8,834,186 $2,392,026 $11,987,311

Travel Expenses Only: $148,594,798 $282,411,029 $87,576,691 3,806 $7,734,354 $2,094,225 $10,494,924 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $2,073,672,562 $4,086,819,396 $1,146,644,897 45,283 $89,096,160 $33,612,367 $174,054,779 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $1,131,996,287 $2,238,724,632 $623,719,357 24,429 $47,525,760 $18,585,063 $96,434,427 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $460,848,409 $907,908,152 $257,037,024 10,226 $19,724,684 $7,462,496 $38,558,745

Travel Expenses Only: $684,037,582 $1,356,877,417 $373,808,474 14,474 $28,249,904 $11,351,755 $59,072,328

105

Colorado NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $195,625,758 $402,101,708 $103,997,331 3,923 $8,620,324 $3,455,404 $18,190,007 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $178,730,065 $367,373,218 $95,015,349 3,584 $7,875,809 $3,156,969 $16,618,983 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $14,814,840 $30,451,371 $7,875,772 297 $652,822 $261,680 $1,377,539

Travel Expenses Only: $163,915,225 $336,921,847 $87,139,577 3,287 $7,222,987 $2,895,290 $15,241,444 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $250,725,860 $496,756,001 $127,566,573 4,993 $8,386,116 $4,236,459 $22,119,574 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $182,028,476 $360,647,832 $92,614,096 3,625 $6,088,370 $3,075,695 $16,058,944 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $41,034,488 $81,300,463 $20,877,899 817 $1,372,495 $693,351 $3,620,151

Travel Expenses Only: $155,474,360 $308,036,918 $79,103,652 3,096 $5,200,205 $2,627,016 $13,716,282 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $391,328,000 $747,152,000 $234,640,000 10,147 $20,272,000 $5,600,000 $28,000,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $178,124,556 $340,088,412 $106,803,361 4,619 $9,227,403 $2,549,006 $12,745,031 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $94,974,296 $181,331,862 $56,946,522 2,463 $4,919,962 $1,359,106 $6,795,528

Travel Expenses Only: $83,150,260 $158,756,550 $49,856,839 2,156 $4,307,440 $1,189,901 $5,949,503 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $837,679,618 $1,646,009,710 $466,203,904 19,063 $37,278,440 $13,291,863 $68,309,581 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $538,883,096 $1,068,109,462 $294,432,806 11,828 $23,191,582 $8,781,670 $45,422,957 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $150,823,624 $293,083,696 $85,700,193 3,577 $6,945,279 $2,314,136 $11,793,217

Travel Expenses Only: $402,539,844 $803,715,315 $216,100,068 8,539 $16,730,633 $6,712,206 $34,907,230

106

Idaho RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $443,250,120 $737,281,801 $170,394,927 8,415 $24,778,980 $7,411,948 $17,165,683 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $202,866,435 $337,438,669 $77,986,243 3,851 $11,340,828 $3,392,296 $7,856,379 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $77,051,178 $128,163,375 $29,620,138 1,463 $4,307,387 $1,288,436 $2,983,950

Travel Expenses Only: $125,815,257 $209,275,294 $48,366,104 2,388 $7,033,441 $2,103,860 $4,872,429 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $351,285,197 $590,519,107 $138,491,889 6,822 $19,460,875 $4,473,288 $13,968,507 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $168,805,050 $283,765,465 $66,550,286 3,278 $9,351,643 $2,149,574 $6,712,365 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $81,212,437 $136,520,116 $32,017,472 1,577 $4,499,094 $1,034,164 $3,229,332

Travel Expenses Only: $91,481,521 $153,782,700 $36,065,991 1,777 $5,067,992 $1,164,932 $3,637,672 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $254,800,000 $430,080,000 $112,784,000 6,651 $10,080,000 $3,584,000 $10,416,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $115,979,784 $195,763,679 $51,336,986 3,027 $4,588,211 $1,631,364 $4,741,152 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $61,839,302 $104,379,306 $27,372,386 1,614 $2,446,390 $869,828 $2,527,936

Travel Expenses Only: $54,140,481 $91,384,373 $23,964,600 1,413 $2,141,821 $761,536 $2,213,215 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,049,335,317 $1,757,880,908 $421,670,817 21,887 $54,319,855 $15,469,237 $41,550,190 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $487,651,268 $816,967,812 $195,873,514 10,157 $25,280,683 $7,173,234 $19,309,895 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $220,102,918 $369,062,797 $89,009,996 4,654 $11,252,870 $3,192,428 $8,741,218

Travel Expenses Only: $271,437,259 $454,442,367 $108,396,695 5,578 $14,243,254 $4,030,328 $10,723,316

107

Idaho NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $110,113,541 $188,370,205 $46,565,312 2,270 $7,147,261 $2,000,051 $4,632,012 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $65,047,663 $111,276,429 $27,507,650 1,341 $4,222,120 $1,181,495 $2,736,281 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $16,299,322 $27,883,097 $6,892,731 336 $1,057,958 $296,053 $685,644

Travel Expenses Only: $48,748,341 $83,393,332 $20,614,919 1,005 $3,164,162 $885,442 $2,050,637 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $96,541,401 $164,450,865 $40,542,376 2,070 $4,917,054 $1,357,466 $4,238,889 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $67,089,848 $114,282,407 $28,174,253 1,438 $3,417,025 $943,349 $2,945,746 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $20,907,509 $35,614,337 $8,780,068 448 $1,064,863 $293,980 $917,996

Travel Expenses Only: $50,612,281 $86,214,136 $21,254,530 1,085 $2,577,788 $711,658 $2,222,257 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $100,688,000 $166,880,000 $44,016,000 2,610 $3,920,000 $1,344,000 $4,032,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $45,831,132 $75,960,386 $20,035,189 1,188 $1,784,304 $611,761 $1,835,284 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $24,436,718 $40,501,345 $10,682,570 633 $951,374 $326,185 $978,556

Travel Expenses Only: $21,394,414 $35,459,041 $9,352,619 554 $832,930 $285,576 $856,728 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $307,342,942 $519,701,070 $131,123,688 6,950 $15,984,315 $4,701,517 $12,902,901 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $177,968,643 $301,519,221 $75,717,092 3,967 $9,423,450 $2,736,605 $7,517,311 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $61,643,548 $103,998,779 $26,355,369 1,418 $3,074,195 $916,219 $2,582,196

Travel Expenses Only: $120,755,037 $205,066,508 $51,222,068 2,645 $6,574,881 $1,882,676 $5,129,623

108

Louisiana RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $911,892,205 $1,662,001,187 $402,558,552 17,313 $50,632,594 $9,869,503 $61,793,125 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $565,354,793 $1,030,407,247 $249,578,191 10,734 $31,391,188 $6,118,893 $38,310,493 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $133,690,865 $243,662,985 $59,018,381 2,538 $7,423,153 $1,446,950 $9,059,378

Travel Expenses Only: $431,663,927 $786,744,262 $190,559,810 8,196 $23,968,035 $4,671,943 $29,251,114 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $639,739,968 $1,092,687,038 $233,250,651 10,112 $27,882,792 $5,689,858 $35,578,719 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $309,136,788 $528,011,033 $112,711,978 4,886 $13,473,594 $2,749,468 $17,192,440 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $176,284,737 $301,097,409 $64,273,817 2,786 $7,683,295 $1,567,879 $9,803,960

Travel Expenses Only: $132,852,052 $226,913,624 $48,438,161 2,100 $5,790,300 $1,181,588 $7,388,480 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $155,008,000 $307,776,000 $87,808,000 4,624 $10,752,000 $1,456,000 $8,960,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $70,556,493 $140,093,383 $39,968,418 2,105 $4,894,092 $662,742 $4,078,410 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $37,620,042 $74,696,441 $21,310,775 1,122 $2,609,483 $353,367 $2,174,569

Travel Expenses Only: $32,936,451 $65,396,942 $18,657,643 983 $2,284,609 $309,374 $1,903,841 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,706,640,172 $3,062,464,225 $723,617,203 32,050 $89,267,387 $17,015,360 $106,331,844 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $945,048,073 $1,698,511,663 $402,258,587 17,725 $49,758,875 $9,531,102 $59,581,342 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $347,595,643 $619,456,835 $144,602,972 6,447 $17,715,930 $3,368,197 $21,037,907

Travel Expenses Only: $597,452,430 $1,079,054,829 $257,655,614 11,278 $32,042,944 $6,162,905 $38,543,435

109

Louisiana NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $89,234,433 $170,081,641 $41,434,107 1,807 $5,196,202 $1,029,908 $6,448,273 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $78,012,385 $148,692,315 $36,223,388 1,580 $4,542,732 $900,387 $5,637,344 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0

Travel Expenses Only: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0 All Hunting Activities Caution - results based on small sample size

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $29,290,759 $54,169,694 $13,396,885 582 $1,356,661 $327,984 $2,050,885 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $25,595,132 $47,335,082 $11,706,595 509 $1,185,491 $286,602 $1,792,124 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $11,322,535 $20,939,649 $5,178,654 225 $524,426 $126,784 $792,783

Travel Expenses Only: $14,272,598 $26,395,433 $6,527,941 284 $661,065 $159,818 $999,341 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $37,968,000 $63,392,000 $19,040,000 936 $2,128,000 $336,000 $1,904,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $17,282,262 $28,854,751 $8,666,621 426 $968,622 $152,940 $866,662 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $9,214,736 $15,385,075 $4,620,959 227 $516,460 $81,546 $462,096

Travel Expenses Only: $8,067,527 $13,469,676 $4,045,662 199 $452,162 $71,394 $404,566 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $156,493,193 $287,643,335 $73,870,992 3,325 $8,680,863 $1,693,892 $10,403,158 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $129,196,646 $240,715,108 $60,453,720 2,683 $7,180,561 $1,435,804 $8,896,401 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $28,844,135 $52,157,685 $13,656,728 621 $1,524,603 $304,205 $1,855,151

Travel Expenses Only: $100,352,510 $188,557,424 $46,796,992 2,062 $5,655,959 $1,131,599 $7,041,251

110

Maine RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $348,710,300 $585,858,539 $140,059,940 6,613 $18,081,266 $7,773,369 $14,412,118 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $157,044,699 $263,846,458 $63,077,205 2,978 $8,143,055 $3,500,804 $6,490,622 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $53,621,003 $90,087,166 $21,536,945 1,017 $2,780,347 $1,195,307 $2,216,144

Travel Expenses Only: $103,423,695 $173,759,293 $41,540,260 1,961 $5,362,708 $2,305,497 $4,274,478 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $216,509,287 $358,508,082 $81,378,359 4,010 $10,291,527 $3,440,187 $8,206,430 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $107,418,023 $177,868,718 $40,374,723 1,990 $5,105,996 $1,706,800 $4,071,504 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $48,208,591 $79,826,457 $18,119,943 893 $2,291,541 $766,002 $1,827,268

Travel Expenses Only: $59,209,432 $98,042,260 $22,254,779 1,097 $2,814,454 $940,798 $2,244,237 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $575,232,000 $959,280,000 $285,824,000 15,275 $18,032,000 $9,072,000 $28,560,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $261,833,920 $436,644,768 $130,101,278 6,953 $8,207,800 $4,129,390 $12,999,932 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $139,607,322 $232,814,780 $69,368,747 3,707 $4,376,320 $2,201,751 $6,931,438

Travel Expenses Only: $122,226,599 $203,829,988 $60,732,531 3,246 $3,831,480 $1,927,639 $6,068,494 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,140,451,587 $1,903,646,621 $507,262,299 25,898 $46,404,793 $20,285,556 $51,178,548 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $526,296,642 $878,359,944 $233,553,206 11,921 $21,456,850 $9,336,994 $23,562,058 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $241,436,916 $402,728,403 $109,025,635 5,617 $9,448,208 $4,163,060 $10,974,850

Travel Expenses Only: $284,859,726 $475,631,541 $124,527,571 6,304 $12,008,642 $5,173,934 $12,587,208

111

Maine NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $106,008,669 $177,831,473 $43,625,131 2,261 $5,189,827 $2,658,373 $4,928,722 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $59,932,062 $100,537,125 $24,663,493 1,278 $2,934,072 $1,502,913 $2,786,456 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $11,245,339 $18,864,261 $4,627,729 240 $550,534 $281,999 $522,836

Travel Expenses Only: $48,686,723 $81,672,864 $20,035,764 1,039 $2,383,538 $1,220,914 $2,263,620 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $55,393,004 $94,687,822 $24,728,606 1,414 $2,378,046 $1,212,319 $2,891,938 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $47,198,634 $80,680,511 $21,070,467 1,205 $2,026,258 $1,032,979 $2,464,130 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $13,818,663 $23,621,378 $6,168,943 353 $593,241 $302,432 $721,440

Travel Expenses Only: $33,379,972 $57,059,133 $14,901,524 852 $1,433,017 $730,547 $1,742,690 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $122,304,000 $211,456,000 $66,416,000 3,717 $4,368,000 $2,128,000 $6,608,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $55,670,296 $96,250,475 $30,231,214 1,692 $1,988,225 $968,622 $3,007,827 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $29,682,865 $51,319,825 $16,118,992 902 $1,060,102 $516,460 $1,603,745

Travel Expenses Only: $25,987,431 $44,930,650 $14,112,222 790 $928,123 $452,162 $1,404,083 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $283,705,673 $483,975,295 $134,769,737 7,392 $11,935,873 $5,998,692 $14,428,661 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $162,800,992 $277,468,111 $75,965,173 4,175 $6,948,555 $3,504,514 $8,258,413 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $54,746,867 $93,805,464 $26,915,663 1,495 $2,203,877 $1,100,891 $2,848,020

Travel Expenses Only: $108,054,125 $183,662,647 $49,049,510 2,680 $4,744,677 $2,403,623 $5,410,392

112

Montana RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $344,827,672 $589,763,659 $147,341,044 7,609 $7,672,266 $6,063,428 $14,511,077 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $204,064,008 $349,013,567 $87,194,290 4,503 $4,540,336 $3,588,249 $8,587,445 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $42,955,524 $73,467,442 $18,354,420 948 $955,742 $755,327 $1,807,659

Travel Expenses Only: $161,108,484 $275,546,125 $68,839,870 3,555 $3,584,594 $2,832,922 $6,779,785 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $275,347,659 $465,690,968 $111,427,649 6,156 $7,915,436 $4,361,082 $10,573,338 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $196,245,316 $331,906,476 $79,416,524 4,388 $5,641,476 $3,108,223 $7,535,812 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $89,197,780 $150,858,738 $36,096,544 1,994 $2,564,174 $1,412,755 $3,425,191

Travel Expenses Only: $117,884,176 $199,375,568 $47,705,350 2,636 $3,388,824 $1,867,104 $4,526,747 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $392,336,000 $645,008,000 $179,200,000 11,538 $0 $4,816,000 $16,016,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $178,583,377 $293,594,538 $81,568,200 5,252 $0 $2,192,145 $7,290,158 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $95,218,935 $156,541,777 $43,491,377 2,800 $0 $1,168,831 $3,887,042

Travel Expenses Only: $83,364,442 $137,052,761 $38,076,822 2,452 $0 $1,023,315 $3,403,116 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,012,511,331 $1,700,462,628 $437,968,692 25,304 $15,587,702 $15,240,511 $41,100,415 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $578,892,701 $974,514,581 $248,179,013 14,143 $10,181,812 $8,888,617 $23,413,414 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $227,372,239 $380,867,957 $97,942,341 5,742 $3,519,916 $3,336,913 $9,119,892

Travel Expenses Only: $362,357,102 $611,974,455 $154,622,042 8,642 $6,973,418 $5,723,340 $14,709,649

113

Montana NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $115,283,540 $211,291,078 $55,842,067 3,093 $2,042,019 $2,464,509 $5,898,095 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $112,672,451 $206,505,488 $54,577,285 3,023 $1,995,768 $2,408,690 $5,764,508 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $13,028,972 $23,879,432 $6,311,089 350 $230,782 $278,531 $666,584

Travel Expenses Only: $99,643,480 $182,626,056 $48,266,196 2,673 $1,764,986 $2,130,159 $5,097,924 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $94,187,325 $172,483,451 $44,942,070 2,721 $2,461,940 $1,927,355 $4,672,825 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $76,410,585 $139,929,247 $36,459,788 2,207 $1,997,278 $1,563,590 $3,790,885 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $24,394,259 $44,672,740 $11,639,873 705 $637,636 $499,180 $1,210,249

Travel Expenses Only: $64,117,801 $117,417,706 $30,594,209 1,852 $1,675,960 $1,312,043 $3,181,015 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $189,504,000 $310,912,000 $90,048,000 6,111 $0 $2,352,000 $8,064,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $86,258,371 $141,520,826 $40,988,020 2,781 $0 $1,070,583 $3,670,569 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $45,992,132 $75,457,540 $21,854,417 1,483 $0 $570,824 $1,957,112

Travel Expenses Only: $40,266,239 $66,063,286 $19,133,603 1,298 $0 $499,758 $1,713,457 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $398,974,865 $694,686,529 $190,832,137 11,924 $4,503,959 $6,743,865 $18,634,921 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $275,341,408 $487,955,562 $132,025,093 8,011 $3,993,047 $5,042,863 $13,225,962 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $83,415,362 $144,009,712 $39,805,379 2,537 $868,418 $1,348,535 $3,833,945

Travel Expenses Only: $204,027,520 $366,107,048 $97,994,008 5,824 $3,440,946 $3,941,960 $9,992,396

114

Nevada RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $273,698,886 $423,013,852 $88,707,876 3,196 $20,231,331 $0 $15,366,586 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $120,442,468 $186,149,213 $39,036,313 1,406 $8,902,891 $0 $6,762,138 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $37,590,055 $58,097,109 $12,183,221 439 $2,778,589 $0 $2,110,461

Travel Expenses Only: $82,852,413 $128,052,105 $26,853,093 967 $6,124,302 $0 $4,651,677 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $172,094,438 $271,644,568 $66,422,408 2,484 $11,036,860 $0 $11,248,045 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $96,497,754 $152,318,059 $37,244,743 1,393 $6,188,650 $0 $6,307,067 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $73,214,460 $115,566,259 $28,258,210 1,057 $4,695,432 $0 $4,785,277

Travel Expenses Only: $23,664,753 $37,353,919 $9,133,763 342 $1,517,682 $0 $1,546,722 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $280,112,000 $417,424,000 $119,504,000 4,712 $12,768,000 $0 $15,344,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $127,501,292 $190,002,925 $54,395,793 2,145 $5,811,734 $0 $6,984,277 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $67,982,459 $101,307,727 $29,003,312 1,144 $3,098,761 $0 $3,723,949

Travel Expenses Only: $59,518,832 $88,695,197 $25,392,481 1,001 $2,712,974 $0 $3,260,328 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $725,905,324 $1,112,082,419 $274,634,283 10,392 $44,036,191 $0 $41,958,632 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $344,441,514 $528,470,197 $130,676,850 4,944 $20,903,275 $0 $20,053,482 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $178,786,974 $274,971,095 $69,444,743 2,639 $10,572,782 $0 $10,619,687

Travel Expenses Only: $166,035,999 $254,101,221 $61,379,337 2,310 $10,354,957 $0 $9,458,727

115

Nevada NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $41,569,891 $59,983,184 $11,796,839 417 $5,999,816 $0 $2,005,256 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $40,082,852 $57,837,465 $11,374,843 402 $5,785,191 $0 $1,933,523 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0

Travel Expenses Only: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0 All Hunting Activities Caution - results based on small sample size

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Travel Expenses Only: n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $68,320,000 $106,400,000 $34,048,000 1,318 $3,584,000 $0 $4,480,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $31,097,876 $48,431,118 $15,497,958 600 $1,631,364 $0 $2,039,205 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $16,581,088 $25,823,005 $8,263,362 320 $869,828 $0 $1,087,284

Travel Expenses Only: $14,516,788 $22,608,113 $7,234,596 280 $761,536 $0 $951,921 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $109,889,891 $166,383,184 $45,844,839 1,735 $9,583,816 $0 $6,485,256 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $72,663,589 $108,408,274 $27,293,612 1,017 $7,630,577 $0 $4,044,259 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $18,063,949 $27,962,696 $8,684,173 335 $1,083,850 $0 $1,158,815

Travel Expenses Only: $54,599,641 $80,445,578 $18,609,439 682 $6,546,727 $0 $2,885,444

116

New Hampshire RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $196,432,975 $342,697,975 $77,623,824 3,381 $3,350,451 $0 $11,794,339 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $125,919,139 $219,679,175 $49,759,085 2,168 $2,147,735 $0 $7,560,508 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $43,586,040 $76,040,429 $17,223,764 750 $743,423 $0 $2,617,017

Travel Expenses Only: $82,333,099 $143,638,746 $32,535,321 1,417 $1,404,311 $0 $4,943,490 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $95,764,211 $170,529,935 $40,090,678 1,573 $909,998 $0 $6,581,505 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $69,177,026 $123,185,411 $28,960,233 1,136 $657,354 $0 $4,754,270 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $52,113,032 $92,799,093 $21,816,572 856 $495,203 $0 $3,581,528

Travel Expenses Only: $17,063,994 $30,386,318 $7,143,661 280 $162,150 $0 $1,172,743 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $384,048,000 $635,376,000 $193,648,000 9,228 $0 $0 $25,088,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $174,810,848 $289,210,247 $88,144,636 4,200 $0 $0 $11,419,548 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $93,207,458 $154,204,115 $46,997,870 2,240 $0 $0 $6,088,793

Travel Expenses Only: $81,603,389 $135,006,132 $41,146,766 1,961 $0 $0 $5,330,755 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $676,245,186 $1,148,603,910 $311,362,502 14,182 $4,260,449 $0 $43,463,844 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $369,907,012 $632,074,834 $166,863,953 7,504 $2,805,088 $0 $23,734,326 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $188,906,531 $323,043,638 $86,038,205 3,846 $1,238,627 $0 $12,287,338

Travel Expenses Only: $181,000,482 $309,031,196 $80,825,748 3,658 $1,566,461 $0 $11,446,988

117

New Hampshire NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $50,840,452 $85,533,906 $19,954,184 874 $1,295,352 $0 $3,048,511 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $43,012,993 $72,364,999 $16,882,013 739 $1,095,918 $0 $2,579,158 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $15,435,546 $25,968,741 $6,058,241 265 $393,279 $0 $925,551

Travel Expenses Only: $27,577,447 $46,396,258 $10,823,771 474 $702,639 $0 $1,653,607 All Hunting Activities Caution - results based on small sample size

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $32,226,874 $56,699,794 $14,394,726 559 $421,450 $0 $2,339,842 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $30,492,015 $53,647,491 $13,619,819 529 $398,762 $0 $2,213,882 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $23,461,011 $41,277,179 $10,479,292 407 $306,814 $0 $1,703,394

Travel Expenses Only: $7,031,004 $12,370,312 $3,140,527 122 $91,949 $0 $510,488 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $200,144,000 $361,424,000 $115,696,000 5,684 $0 $224,000 $15,008,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $91,101,483 $164,512,862 $52,662,469 2,587 $0 $101,960 $6,831,337 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $48,574,432 $87,716,672 $28,079,121 1,379 $0 $54,364 $3,642,403

Travel Expenses Only: $42,527,051 $76,796,190 $24,583,348 1,208 $0 $47,596 $3,188,934 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $283,211,327 $503,657,699 $150,044,909 7,117 $1,716,802 $224,000 $20,396,353 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $164,606,491 $290,525,353 $83,164,300 3,856 $1,494,680 $101,960 $11,624,377 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $87,470,989 $154,962,592 $44,616,653 2,052 $700,092 $54,364 $6,271,348

Travel Expenses Only: $77,135,502 $135,562,760 $38,547,647 1,804 $794,588 $47,596 $5,353,030

118

New Mexico RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $254,594,294 $430,532,167 $95,106,261 4,583 $14,871,461 $3,616,339 $9,693,985 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $151,983,951 $257,012,750 $56,775,134 2,736 $8,877,745 $2,158,829 $5,786,972 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $53,848,512 $91,060,629 $20,115,654 969 $3,145,420 $764,882 $2,050,347

Travel Expenses Only: $98,135,439 $165,952,121 $36,659,481 1,767 $5,732,325 $1,393,947 $3,736,625 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $215,795,793 $377,035,333 $90,502,898 4,467 $11,353,019 $3,393,354 $9,119,890 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $142,389,098 $248,780,203 $59,716,762 2,947 $7,491,092 $2,239,045 $6,017,601 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $80,179,852 $140,089,094 $33,626,740 1,660 $4,218,263 $1,260,815 $3,388,534

Travel Expenses Only: $66,024,391 $115,356,876 $27,690,061 1,367 $3,473,544 $1,038,223 $2,790,301 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $625,296,000 $1,043,280,000 $305,984,000 16,532 $33,600,000 $6,944,000 $28,224,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $284,622,036 $474,879,862 $139,277,701 7,525 $15,294,037 $3,160,768 $12,846,991 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $151,757,725 $253,201,363 $74,261,527 4,012 $8,154,633 $1,685,291 $6,849,892

Travel Expenses Only: $132,864,311 $221,678,498 $65,016,174 3,513 $7,139,404 $1,475,477 $5,997,099 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,095,686,087 $1,850,847,501 $491,593,159 25,582 $59,824,479 $13,953,693 $47,037,875 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $578,995,085 $980,672,814 $255,769,597 13,209 $31,662,875 $7,558,642 $24,651,564 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $285,786,089 $484,351,086 $128,003,920 6,641 $15,518,316 $3,710,988 $12,288,773

Travel Expenses Only: $297,024,141 $502,987,495 $129,365,716 6,646 $16,345,273 $3,907,647 $12,524,026

119

New Mexico NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $36,723,325 $68,797,354 $16,869,286 827 $2,345,338 $652,621 $1,749,420 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $36,723,325 $68,797,354 $16,869,286 827 $2,345,338 $652,621 $1,749,420 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $8,929,983 $16,729,401 $4,102,092 201 $570,314 $158,697 $425,405

Travel Expenses Only: $27,793,342 $52,067,954 $12,767,195 626 $1,775,024 $493,923 $1,324,015 All Hunting Activities Caution - results based on small sample size

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $34,005,942 $63,332,273 $16,282,059 885 $1,224,738 $672,112 $1,806,353 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $27,878,506 $51,920,607 $13,348,240 726 $1,004,056 $551,006 $1,480,871 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $7,401,110 $13,783,743 $3,543,655 193 $266,554 $146,280 $393,138

Travel Expenses Only: $24,978,136 $46,518,992 $11,959,542 650 $899,598 $493,682 $1,326,807 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $120,176,000 $205,856,000 $62,944,000 3,459 $6,832,000 $1,456,000 $5,712,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $54,701,674 $93,701,469 $28,650,830 1,574 $3,109,788 $662,742 $2,599,986 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $29,166,405 $49,960,720 $15,276,346 839 $1,658,109 $353,367 $1,386,288

Travel Expenses Only: $25,535,269 $43,740,749 $13,374,484 735 $1,451,679 $309,374 $1,213,699 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $190,905,267 $337,985,628 $96,095,345 5,171 $10,402,076 $2,780,733 $9,267,772 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $119,303,504 $214,419,431 $58,868,357 3,127 $6,459,181 $1,866,369 $5,830,277 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $45,497,499 $80,473,863 $22,922,093 1,233 $2,494,977 $658,344 $2,204,830

Travel Expenses Only: $78,306,746 $142,327,695 $38,101,220 2,011 $4,126,301 $1,296,979 $3,864,520

120

New York RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,243,334,158 $2,239,521,619 $560,500,601 19,018 $60,945,251 $17,360,690 $100,411,893 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $685,221,531 $1,234,236,526 $308,900,932 10,481 $33,587,912 $9,567,757 $55,338,615 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $273,027,188 $491,782,750 $123,081,878 4,176 $13,383,136 $3,812,282 $22,049,725

Travel Expenses Only: $412,194,342 $742,453,776 $185,819,054 6,305 $20,204,776 $5,755,475 $33,288,890 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $981,003,490 $1,683,951,299 $375,077,532 12,647 $35,642,938 $11,683,119 $67,418,431 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $472,172,233 $810,511,943 $180,530,648 6,087 $17,155,500 $5,623,267 $32,449,539 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $274,847,608 $471,792,396 $105,085,419 3,543 $9,986,077 $3,273,258 $18,888,612

Travel Expenses Only: $197,324,625 $338,719,548 $75,445,229 2,544 $7,169,423 $2,350,009 $13,560,927 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,576,064,000 $2,940,336,000 $930,944,000 35,224 $62,272,000 $41,888,000 $110,432,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $717,392,315 $1,338,381,214 $423,746,796 16,033 $28,344,949 $19,066,567 $50,266,403 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $382,506,665 $713,611,958 $225,937,706 8,549 $15,113,254 $10,166,109 $26,801,561

Travel Expenses Only: $334,885,650 $624,769,256 $197,809,090 7,484 $13,231,696 $8,900,457 $23,464,842 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $3,800,401,648 $6,863,808,918 $1,866,522,133 66,889 $158,860,189 $70,931,809 $278,262,324 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $1,874,786,078 $3,383,129,683 $913,178,376 32,602 $79,088,362 $34,257,590 $138,054,558 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $930,381,461 $1,677,187,104 $454,105,003 16,268 $38,482,467 $17,251,649 $67,739,899

Travel Expenses Only: $944,404,617 $1,705,942,579 $459,073,373 16,333 $40,605,895 $17,005,941 $70,314,659

121

New York NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $332,970,604 $633,031,506 $189,399,286 6,343 $17,226,271 $5,789,694 $33,486,813 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $86,377,124 $164,217,022 $49,132,762 1,645 $4,468,730 $1,501,926 $8,686,937 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0

Travel Expenses Only: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $51,745,306 $94,326,357 $20,659,911 659 $2,823,590 $609,638 $3,517,968 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $38,789,947 $70,710,075 $15,487,335 494 $2,116,654 $457,004 $2,637,182 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $17,312,440 $31,558,793 $6,912,192 221 $944,689 $203,967 $1,177,008

Travel Expenses Only: $21,477,507 $39,151,282 $8,575,143 274 $1,171,965 $253,037 $1,460,175 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $296,800,000 $602,336,000 $208,656,000 9,598 $12,544,000 $9,856,000 $25,984,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $135,097,330 $274,171,111 $94,975,972 4,369 $5,709,774 $4,486,251 $11,827,389 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $72,032,594 $146,185,393 $50,640,273 2,330 $3,044,396 $2,392,026 $6,306,250

Travel Expenses Only: $63,064,736 $127,985,718 $44,335,700 2,039 $2,665,378 $2,094,225 $5,521,139 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $681,515,910 $1,329,693,863 $418,715,197 16,600 $32,593,861 $16,255,332 $62,988,782 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $273,380,467 $534,033,990 $167,056,708 6,759 $12,973,719 $6,673,243 $24,470,589 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $102,461,099 $202,679,968 $65,013,103 2,800 $4,667,647 $2,824,055 $8,802,338

Travel Expenses Only: $170,919,368 $331,354,021 $102,043,605 3,959 $8,306,072 $3,849,188 $15,668,251

122

North Carolina RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,234,356,074 $2,519,324,539 $639,212,433 27,516 $60,336,719 $30,298,727 $98,049,407 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $626,773,476 $1,279,246,590 $324,575,224 13,972 $30,637,395 $15,384,895 $49,786,904 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $137,136,652 $279,896,328 $71,016,342 3,057 $6,703,394 $3,366,181 $10,893,265

Travel Expenses Only: $489,636,824 $999,350,262 $253,558,882 10,915 $23,934,001 $12,018,714 $38,893,640 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $504,255,632 $986,476,922 $246,077,292 10,443 $24,473,338 $11,743,004 $38,170,687 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $288,603,186 $564,595,345 $140,838,666 5,977 $14,006,950 $6,720,933 $21,846,423 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $187,600,283 $367,003,040 $91,549,141 3,885 $9,104,916 $4,368,798 $14,200,797

Travel Expenses Only: $101,002,902 $197,592,304 $49,289,525 2,092 $4,902,034 $2,352,135 $7,645,626 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $926,128,000 $1,785,168,000 $511,728,000 23,069 $42,336,000 $16,800,000 $52,304,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $421,554,651 $812,572,207 $232,928,190 10,500 $19,270,487 $7,647,019 $23,807,718 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $224,768,875 $433,255,666 $124,195,065 5,599 $10,274,838 $4,077,317 $12,694,046

Travel Expenses Only: $196,785,776 $379,316,541 $108,733,125 4,902 $8,995,649 $3,569,702 $11,113,672 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $2,664,739,705 $5,290,969,461 $1,397,017,726 61,028 $127,146,057 $58,841,730 $188,524,094 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $1,336,931,313 $2,656,414,143 $698,342,079 30,449 $63,914,832 $29,752,846 $95,441,046 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $549,505,811 $1,080,155,035 $286,760,547 12,541 $26,083,148 $11,812,295 $37,788,107

Travel Expenses Only: $787,425,502 $1,576,259,108 $411,581,532 17,908 $37,831,684 $17,940,551 $57,652,939

123

North Carolina NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $358,194,670 $775,443,820 $232,235,010 10,386 $17,993,558 $11,436,327 $37,008,985 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $198,053,777 $428,760,087 $128,407,888 5,743 $9,949,037 $6,323,399 $20,463,089 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $14,450,477 $31,283,361 $9,368,946 419 $725,906 $461,370 $1,493,036

Travel Expenses Only: $183,603,301 $397,476,726 $119,038,942 5,324 $9,223,132 $5,862,029 $18,970,053 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $13,305,773 $26,190,116 $6,728,095 290 $649,021 $325,801 $1,059,016 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $10,817,249 $21,291,886 $5,469,767 235 $527,637 $264,867 $860,953 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $6,013,394 $11,836,327 $3,040,687 131 $293,317 $147,242 $478,610

Travel Expenses Only: $4,803,855 $9,455,559 $2,429,081 105 $234,319 $117,626 $382,342 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $197,904,000 $380,800,000 $121,408,000 6,826 $9,408,000 $4,032,000 $12,544,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $90,081,880 $173,332,424 $55,262,455 3,107 $4,282,330 $1,835,284 $5,709,774 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $48,030,790 $92,419,177 $29,465,408 1,657 $2,283,297 $978,556 $3,044,396

Travel Expenses Only: $42,051,090 $80,913,247 $25,797,047 1,450 $1,999,033 $856,728 $2,665,378 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $569,404,443 $1,182,433,936 $360,371,106 17,502 $28,050,579 $15,794,128 $50,612,001 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $298,952,907 $623,384,397 $189,140,111 9,085 $14,759,005 $8,423,551 $27,033,815 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $68,494,661 $135,538,864 $41,875,041 2,207 $3,302,520 $1,587,168 $5,016,043

Travel Expenses Only: $230,458,246 $487,845,533 $147,265,069 6,879 $11,456,484 $6,836,383 $22,017,773

124

Oregon RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $793,949,388 $1,412,195,474 $323,408,586 13,831 $18,738,708 $25,195,760 $49,865,959 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $399,457,636 $710,514,138 $162,715,699 6,959 $9,427,956 $12,676,675 $25,088,927 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $119,119,791 $211,878,027 $48,522,442 2,075 $2,811,452 $3,780,233 $7,481,614

Travel Expenses Only: $280,337,845 $498,636,111 $114,193,256 4,883 $6,616,504 $8,896,442 $17,607,313 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $530,464,591 $968,377,821 $220,876,944 9,115 $8,722,046 $17,301,306 $34,990,490 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $302,950,862 $553,045,200 $126,143,878 5,206 $4,981,202 $9,880,858 $19,983,236 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $186,135,038 $339,794,673 $77,503,643 3,198 $3,060,484 $6,070,866 $12,277,834

Travel Expenses Only: $119,570,357 $218,279,003 $49,787,178 2,055 $1,966,009 $3,899,833 $7,887,096 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $861,728,000 $1,663,760,000 $504,224,000 24,119 $0 $20,384,000 $48,608,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $392,241,079 $757,309,752 $229,512,521 10,979 $0 $9,278,383 $22,125,374 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $209,139,161 $403,790,258 $122,373,863 5,854 $0 $4,947,144 $11,797,036

Travel Expenses Only: $183,101,918 $353,519,495 $107,138,658 5,125 $0 $4,331,239 $10,328,338 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $2,186,141,979 $4,044,333,294 $1,048,509,531 47,065 $27,460,754 $62,881,066 $133,464,449 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $1,094,649,577 $2,020,869,090 $518,372,098 23,143 $14,409,158 $31,835,916 $67,197,537 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $514,393,990 $955,462,957 $248,399,949 11,127 $5,871,936 $14,798,243 $31,556,484

Travel Expenses Only: $583,010,120 $1,070,434,608 $271,119,093 12,063 $8,582,513 $17,127,514 $35,822,747

125

Oregon NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $65,720,274 $116,025,205 $27,768,279 1,272 $3,017,018 $2,317,399 $4,586,459 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $65,405,775 $115,469,976 $27,635,396 1,266 $3,002,580 $2,306,309 $4,564,510 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $12,849,524 $22,685,064 $5,429,210 249 $589,883 $453,094 $896,737

Travel Expenses Only: $52,556,251 $92,784,912 $22,206,186 1,017 $2,412,698 $1,853,215 $3,667,773 All Hunting Activities Caution - results based on small sample size

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $23,687,629 $43,223,629 $11,286,255 607 $536,446 $1,151,095 $2,327,997 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $21,931,446 $40,019,062 $10,449,501 562 $496,674 $1,065,754 $2,155,401 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $6,421,643 $11,717,792 $3,059,669 164 $145,429 $312,058 $631,113

Travel Expenses Only: $16,751,766 $30,567,523 $7,981,580 429 $379,372 $814,048 $1,646,347 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $295,232,000 $560,672,000 $183,120,000 9,182 $17,696,000 $0 $7,280,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $134,383,609 $255,206,504 $83,352,504 4,179 $8,054,860 $0 $3,313,708 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $71,652,044 $136,073,647 $44,442,751 2,228 $4,294,774 $0 $1,766,837

Travel Expenses Only: $62,731,564 $119,132,857 $38,909,753 1,951 $3,760,086 $0 $1,546,871 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $384,639,903 $719,920,834 $222,174,534 11,060 $21,249,464 $3,468,494 $14,194,455 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $221,720,829 $410,695,542 $121,437,401 6,007 $11,554,114 $3,372,063 $10,033,619 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $90,923,211 $170,476,504 $52,931,630 2,642 $5,030,085 $765,152 $3,294,687

Travel Expenses Only: $132,039,581 $242,485,291 $69,097,519 3,397 $6,552,155 $2,667,263 $6,860,991

126

Tennessee RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $611,275,503 $1,255,307,770 $317,031,159 12,425 $42,698,121 $0 $52,081,967 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $447,818,157 $919,633,798 $232,255,846 9,103 $31,280,484 $0 $38,155,055 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $160,960,574 $330,546,634 $83,480,390 3,272 $11,243,235 $0 $13,714,182

Travel Expenses Only: $286,857,583 $589,087,164 $148,775,456 5,831 $20,037,249 $0 $24,440,873 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $685,936,204 $1,455,114,412 $338,261,586 12,816 $40,667,447 $0 $56,815,468 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $340,287,019 $721,869,676 $167,808,648 6,358 $20,174,769 $0 $28,185,662 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $210,077,550 $445,649,128 $103,597,339 3,925 $12,454,974 $0 $17,400,531

Travel Expenses Only: $130,209,469 $276,220,549 $64,211,309 2,433 $7,719,795 $0 $10,785,131 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $502,320,000 $1,002,848,000 $281,680,000 14,287 $33,488,000 $0 $31,584,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $228,645,859 $456,476,036 $128,215,014 6,503 $15,243,057 $0 $14,376,395 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $121,911,767 $243,388,621 $68,363,009 3,467 $8,127,451 $0 $7,665,355

Travel Expenses Only: $106,734,092 $213,087,415 $59,852,005 3,036 $7,115,606 $0 $6,711,040 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,799,531,707 $3,713,270,182 $936,972,745 39,529 $116,853,567 $0 $140,481,435 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $1,016,751,036 $2,097,979,511 $528,279,508 21,964 $66,698,310 $0 $80,717,112 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $492,949,892 $1,019,584,383 $255,440,738 10,664 $31,825,660 $0 $38,780,068

Travel Expenses Only: $523,801,143 $1,078,395,128 $272,838,770 11,300 $34,872,650 $0 $41,937,044

127

Tennessee NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $144,031,069 $301,811,508 $68,705,449 2,632 $9,377,366 $0 $11,030,812 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $73,249,857 $153,492,229 $34,941,519 1,338 $4,769,045 $0 $5,609,938 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0

Travel Expenses Only: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $75,272,285 $161,056,480 $36,734,781 1,366 $5,138,409 $0 $6,058,530 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $38,478,217 $82,329,985 $18,778,344 698 $2,626,688 $0 $3,097,042 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $11,409,482 $24,412,319 $5,568,116 207 $778,860 $0 $918,329

Travel Expenses Only: $27,068,734 $57,917,666 $13,210,228 491 $1,847,828 $0 $2,178,714 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $212,464,000 $403,648,000 $120,624,000 5,560 $14,000,000 $0 $13,328,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $96,709,297 $183,732,369 $54,905,594 2,531 $6,372,516 $0 $6,066,635 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $51,564,464 $97,964,328 $29,275,133 1,349 $3,397,764 $0 $3,234,671

Travel Expenses Only: $45,144,832 $85,768,042 $25,630,461 1,181 $2,974,752 $0 $2,831,964 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $431,767,355 $866,515,989 $226,064,230 9,558 $28,515,775 $0 $30,417,342 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $219,119,035 $441,937,597 $113,720,806 4,763 $14,463,695 $0 $15,591,685 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $73,655,611 $144,759,660 $39,938,599 1,752 $4,872,070 $0 $4,971,069

Travel Expenses Only: $145,463,424 $297,177,936 $73,782,207 3,011 $9,591,625 $0 $10,620,615

128

Utah RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $478,457,832 $977,629,310 $246,806,893 10,638 $30,100,423 $9,997,571 $26,409,833 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $284,493,637 $581,303,720 $146,752,725 6,325 $17,897,876 $5,944,610 $15,703,431 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $97,839,168 $199,914,041 $50,469,194 2,175 $6,155,193 $2,044,389 $5,400,510

Travel Expenses Only: $186,654,469 $381,389,679 $96,283,531 4,150 $11,742,683 $3,900,221 $10,302,921 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $364,461,888 $739,242,075 $189,223,811 8,372 $20,581,626 $7,517,299 $20,032,754 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $211,554,859 $429,099,058 $109,836,496 4,859 $11,946,772 $4,363,477 $11,628,175 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $117,727,414 $238,787,816 $61,122,523 2,704 $6,648,217 $2,428,216 $6,470,922

Travel Expenses Only: $97,242,136 $197,237,299 $50,486,836 2,234 $5,491,387 $2,005,692 $5,344,943 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $622,384,000 $1,162,224,000 $354,592,000 18,339 $32,928,000 $10,640,000 $33,040,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $283,296,553 $529,020,754 $161,403,075 8,347 $14,988,157 $4,843,112 $15,039,137 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $151,050,990 $282,068,765 $86,058,563 4,451 $7,991,541 $2,582,301 $8,018,723

Travel Expenses Only: $132,245,563 $246,951,989 $75,344,512 3,897 $6,996,616 $2,260,811 $7,020,414 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,465,303,720 $2,879,095,384 $790,622,704 37,348 $83,610,049 $28,154,870 $79,482,588 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $779,345,048 $1,539,423,532 $417,992,296 19,532 $44,832,804 $15,151,199 $42,370,742 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $366,617,573 $720,770,622 $197,650,280 9,330 $20,794,951 $7,054,906 $19,890,154

Travel Expenses Only: $416,142,167 $825,578,968 $222,114,879 10,280 $24,230,686 $8,166,724 $22,668,278

129

Utah NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $75,010,590 $149,797,019 $35,880,140 1,648 $4,794,340 $1,548,527 $4,090,628 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $61,685,116 $123,185,893 $29,506,109 1,355 $3,942,636 $1,273,435 $3,363,936 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $4,017,404 $8,022,802 $1,921,662 88 $256,774 $82,936 $219,085

Travel Expenses Only: $57,667,713 $115,163,091 $27,584,447 1,267 $3,685,861 $1,190,499 $3,144,851 All Hunting Activities Caution - results based on small sample size

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $29,205,510 $59,126,802 $15,196,805 750 $1,860,745 $672,913 $1,793,236 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $25,906,789 $52,448,515 $13,480,348 665 $1,650,577 $596,908 $1,590,692 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $5,044,604 $10,212,843 $2,624,911 130 $321,402 $116,231 $309,742

Travel Expenses Only: $23,224,815 $47,018,834 $12,084,808 596 $1,479,702 $535,114 $1,426,017 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $166,768,000 $327,488,000 $103,376,000 5,569 $9,520,000 $3,136,000 $9,632,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $75,909,406 $149,065,885 $47,054,655 2,535 $4,333,311 $1,427,443 $4,384,291 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $40,474,163 $79,480,492 $25,089,088 1,351 $2,310,479 $761,099 $2,337,662

Travel Expenses Only: $35,435,243 $69,585,392 $21,965,567 1,183 $2,022,831 $666,344 $2,046,629 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $270,984,100 $536,411,821 $154,452,945 7,966 $16,175,085 $5,357,440 $15,515,863 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $163,501,311 $324,700,292 $90,041,111 4,555 $9,926,523 $3,297,786 $9,338,919 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $49,536,171 $97,716,137 $29,635,661 1,569 $2,888,656 $960,266 $2,866,488

Travel Expenses Only: $116,327,770 $231,767,317 $61,634,821 3,046 $7,188,395 $2,391,957 $6,617,498

130

Vermont RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $117,627,699 $180,757,055 $40,426,655 1,998 $8,166,598 $977,113 $4,071,304 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $89,968,241 $138,253,102 $30,920,566 1,528 $6,246,271 $747,351 $3,113,961 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $25,814,287 $39,668,501 $8,871,935 438 $1,792,222 $214,435 $893,478

Travel Expenses Only: $64,153,954 $98,584,601 $22,048,631 1,090 $4,454,049 $532,916 $2,220,483

All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $66,992,263 $106,056,066 $24,149,363 1,142 $3,296,305 $596,057 $2,483,569 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $47,081,787 $74,535,608 $16,972,037 802 $2,316,625 $418,905 $1,745,439 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $28,949,888 $45,830,833 $10,435,852 493 $1,424,458 $257,579 $1,073,244

Travel Expenses Only: $18,131,899 $28,704,775 $6,536,185 309 $892,167 $161,327 $672,194 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $228,144,000 $389,760,000 $122,864,000 7,785 $4,592,000 $3,136,000 $13,328,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $103,846,514 $177,410,834 $55,925,197 3,544 $2,090,185 $1,427,443 $6,066,635 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $55,369,960 $94,593,746 $29,818,776 1,889 $1,114,467 $761,099 $3,234,671

Travel Expenses Only: $48,476,554 $82,817,088 $26,106,421 1,654 $975,719 $666,344 $2,831,964 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $412,763,962 $676,573,121 $187,440,017 10,924 $16,054,903 $4,709,170 $19,882,873 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $240,896,542 $390,199,544 $103,817,799 5,874 $10,653,080 $2,593,699 $10,926,034 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $110,134,135 $180,093,080 $49,126,562 2,821 $4,331,146 $1,233,113 $5,201,394

Travel Expenses Only: $130,762,407 $210,106,464 $54,691,237 3,053 $6,321,934 $1,360,587 $5,724,641

131

Vermont NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $59,543,080 $96,059,586 $23,468,838 1,203 $4,337,029 $588,291 $2,451,213 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $55,091,553 $88,878,031 $21,714,273 1,113 $4,012,787 $544,309 $2,267,956 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $13,015,493 $20,997,618 $5,130,042 263 $948,029 $128,594 $535,809

Travel Expenses Only: $42,076,060 $67,880,413 $16,584,232 850 $3,064,757 $415,715 $1,732,147 All Hunting Activities Caution - results are based on a small sample size

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $13,543,463 $22,474,240 $4,968,403 252 $634,123 $131,731 $548,879 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $9,836,945 $16,323,586 $3,608,672 183 $460,579 $95,679 $398,664 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $1,053,105 $1,747,539 $386,330 20 $49,308 $10,243 $42,679

Travel Expenses Only: $8,783,841 $14,576,047 $3,222,342 164 $411,271 $85,436 $355,985 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $137,312,000 $256,368,000 $84,000,000 5,560 $2,912,000 $2,128,000 $9,072,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $62,501,633 $116,693,505 $38,235,094 2,531 $1,325,483 $968,622 $4,129,390 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $33,325,268 $62,219,852 $20,386,583 1,349 $706,735 $516,460 $2,201,751

Travel Expenses Only: $29,176,365 $54,473,654 $17,848,510 1,181 $618,748 $452,162 $1,927,639 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $210,398,542 $374,901,826 $112,437,241 7,015 $7,883,152 $2,848,021 $12,072,092 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $127,430,131 $221,895,123 $63,558,039 3,827 $5,798,849 $1,608,611 $6,796,011 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $47,393,865 $84,965,009 $25,902,955 1,632 $1,704,072 $655,297 $2,780,240

Travel Expenses Only: $80,036,266 $136,930,114 $37,655,083 2,195 $4,094,777 $953,313 $4,015,771

132

Washington RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,009,395,369 $1,793,281,547 $451,598,151 17,282 $72,731,524 $0 $75,366,931 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $557,844,380 $991,060,653 $249,576,626 9,551 $40,195,223 $0 $41,651,686 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $187,215,666 $332,605,449 $83,759,299 3,205 $13,489,740 $0 $13,978,537

Travel Expenses Only: $370,628,714 $658,455,204 $165,817,327 6,346 $26,705,483 $0 $27,673,149 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $467,019,922 $825,327,403 $201,729,356 7,487 $30,877,060 $0 $34,323,744 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $259,377,090 $458,376,634 $112,037,990 4,158 $17,148,737 $0 $19,062,983 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $146,467,329 $258,840,137 $63,266,595 2,348 $9,683,699 $0 $10,764,652

Travel Expenses Only: $112,909,760 $199,536,497 $48,771,395 1,810 $7,465,038 $0 $8,298,331 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,097,264,000 $1,995,280,000 $591,024,000 25,132 $65,072,000 $0 $76,496,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $499,452,282 $908,210,921 $269,022,118 11,439 $29,619,452 $0 $34,819,425 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $266,303,141 $484,249,306 $143,439,999 6,099 $15,792,806 $0 $18,565,382

Travel Expenses Only: $233,149,141 $423,961,615 $125,582,119 5,340 $13,826,646 $0 $16,254,043 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $2,573,679,290 $4,613,888,950 $1,244,351,507 49,901 $168,680,584 $0 $186,186,675 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $1,316,673,751 $2,357,648,208 $630,636,734 25,149 $86,963,413 $0 $95,534,094 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $599,986,137 $1,075,694,892 $290,465,893 11,653 $38,966,246 $0 $43,308,571

Travel Expenses Only: $716,687,615 $1,281,953,316 $340,170,841 13,496 $47,997,167 $0 $52,225,523 Washington

133

NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $41,482,651 $74,986,829 $19,634,560 784 $3,177,534 $0 $3,415,860 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $21,890,499 $39,570,738 $10,361,207 414 $1,676,793 $0 $1,802,558 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0 Travel Expenses Only: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0 All Hunting Activities Sample size too small to report results reliably

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Travel Expenses Only: n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a All Wildlife Viewing Activities

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $151,648,000 $272,384,000 $85,904,000 3,527 $9,184,000 $0 $11,200,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $69,027,089 $123,983,663 $39,101,756 1,605 $4,180,370 $0 $5,098,012 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $36,804,578 $66,106,894 $20,848,679 856 $2,228,933 $0 $2,718,211 Travel Expenses Only: $32,222,511 $57,876,769 $18,253,077 749 $1,951,437 $0 $2,379,801 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $193,130,651 $347,370,829 $105,538,560 4,311 $12,361,534 $0 $14,615,860 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $98,146,577 $176,622,008 $52,884,586 2,156 $6,410,897 $0 $7,495,837 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $44,033,567 $79,174,500 $24,270,303 993 $2,782,667 $0 $3,313,477

Travel Expenses Only: $54,113,010 $97,447,508 $28,614,283 1,163 $3,628,230 $0 $4,182,360

134

West Virginia RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $114,613,502 $194,334,620 $41,965,651 2,207 $8,906,075 $1,502,094 $4,093,714 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $104,858,889 $177,795,041 $38,394,007 2,019 $8,148,090 $1,374,253 $3,745,303 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $34,847,218 $59,085,717 $12,759,284 671 $2,707,813 $456,698 $1,244,658

Travel Expenses Only: $70,011,671 $118,709,325 $25,634,723 1,348 $5,440,277 $917,554 $2,500,646 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $250,574,368 $403,382,382 $81,601,084 4,204 $15,108,440 $2,927,762 $8,047,158 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $160,681,911 $258,670,719 $52,327,053 2,696 $9,688,353 $1,877,440 $5,160,275 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $90,013,099 $144,905,876 $29,313,319 1,510 $5,427,361 $1,051,731 $2,890,757

Travel Expenses Only: $70,668,812 $113,764,843 $23,013,733 1,186 $4,260,992 $825,709 $2,269,518 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $183,120,000 $282,800,000 $83,664,000 4,420 $7,168,000 $2,128,000 $7,056,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $83,352,504 $128,724,815 $38,082,153 2,012 $3,262,728 $968,622 $3,211,748 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $44,442,751 $68,634,830 $20,305,037 1,073 $1,739,655 $516,460 $1,712,473

Travel Expenses Only: $38,909,753 $60,089,985 $17,777,116 939 $1,523,073 $452,162 $1,499,275 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $548,307,870 $880,517,002 $207,230,736 10,830 $31,182,515 $6,557,856 $19,196,872 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $348,893,303 $565,190,575 $128,803,213 6,726 $21,099,171 $4,220,315 $12,117,326 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $169,303,069 $272,626,423 $62,377,640 3,254 $9,874,829 $2,024,890 $5,847,887

Travel Expenses Only: $179,590,235 $292,564,152 $66,425,572 3,473 $11,224,342 $2,195,425 $6,269,439

135

West Virginia NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $18,781,607 $32,020,781 $6,279,206 335 $1,586,410 $227,687 $620,522 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $16,440,454 $28,029,348 $5,496,495 293 $1,388,662 $199,305 $543,173 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $2,451,812 $4,180,098 $819,708 44 $207,095 $29,723 $81,005

Travel Expenses Only: $13,988,642 $23,849,250 $4,676,787 249 $1,181,566 $169,582 $462,168 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $51,220,816 $87,112,127 $17,607,473 938 $3,332,449 $653,346 $1,795,768 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $37,741,093 $64,186,930 $12,973,735 691 $2,455,452 $481,406 $1,323,178 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $10,211,825 $17,367,428 $3,510,378 187 $664,386 $130,257 $358,020

Travel Expenses Only: $27,529,268 $46,819,502 $9,463,356 504 $1,791,066 $351,149 $965,158 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $32,704,000 $50,512,000 $15,120,000 869 $1,232,000 $336,000 $1,232,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $14,886,196 $22,992,036 $6,882,317 396 $560,781 $152,940 $560,781 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $7,937,176 $12,259,132 $3,669,585 211 $299,003 $81,546 $299,003

Travel Expenses Only: $6,949,020 $10,732,904 $3,212,732 185 $261,778 $71,394 $261,778 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $102,706,423 $169,644,909 $39,006,679 2,142 $6,150,858 $1,217,033 $3,648,290 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $69,067,744 $115,208,314 $25,352,546 1,380 $4,404,895 $833,651 $2,427,132 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $20,600,814 $33,806,658 $7,999,671 442 $1,170,484 $241,526 $738,028

Travel Expenses Only: $48,466,930 $81,401,656 $17,352,875 938 $3,234,411 $592,125 $1,689,104

136

Wisconsin RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,305,558,841 $2,506,907,142 $638,918,355 28,391 $81,637,249 $15,490,698 $67,517,525 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $778,608,820 $1,495,068,588 $381,037,952 16,932 $48,686,800 $9,238,338 $40,266,083 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $223,972,158 $430,066,716 $109,608,176 4,871 $14,005,091 $2,657,471 $11,582,814

Travel Expenses Only: $554,636,662 $1,065,001,873 $271,429,776 12,061 $34,681,709 $6,580,867 $28,683,268 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,057,051,605 $1,949,188,921 $470,579,082 21,155 $46,525,457 $11,185,772 $49,485,228 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $511,569,024 $943,326,389 $227,740,708 10,238 $22,516,387 $5,413,448 $23,948,793 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $327,493,582 $603,893,754 $145,793,856 6,554 $14,414,423 $3,465,553 $15,331,413

Travel Expenses Only: $184,075,442 $339,432,635 $81,946,853 3,684 $8,101,964 $1,947,895 $8,617,380 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $1,468,992,000 $2,748,032,000 $797,216,000 38,091 $46,032,000 $29,456,000 $84,672,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $668,655,315 $1,250,848,339 $362,876,528 17,338 $20,952,831 $13,407,773 $38,540,974 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $356,520,567 $666,940,274 $193,482,266 9,245 $11,171,848 $7,148,895 $20,549,676

Travel Expenses Only: $312,134,749 $583,908,066 $169,394,262 8,094 $9,780,984 $6,258,878 $17,991,298 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $3,831,602,445 $7,204,128,063 $1,906,713,436 87,637 $174,194,706 $56,132,470 $201,674,753 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $1,958,833,160 $3,689,243,317 $971,655,188 44,508 $92,156,018 $28,059,560 $102,755,850 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $907,986,307 $1,700,900,743 $448,884,297 20,669 $39,591,362 $13,271,920 $47,463,903

Travel Expenses Only: $1,050,846,853 $1,988,342,574 $522,770,891 23,839 $52,564,656 $14,787,640 $55,291,947

137

Wisconsin NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $301,748,605 $582,837,835 $155,075,564 7,236 $19,745,759 $3,948,143 $17,208,314 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $210,529,723 $406,645,420 $108,196,078 5,048 $13,776,598 $2,754,615 $12,006,225 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $26,377,924 $50,949,870 $13,556,223 633 $1,726,113 $345,134 $1,504,297

Travel Expenses Only: $184,151,800 $355,695,550 $94,639,855 4,416 $12,050,485 $2,409,481 $10,501,928 All Hunting Activities Sample size too small to report results reliably

Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $292,660,270 $554,100,359 $131,417,453 5,945 $10,097,509 $3,143,646 $13,907,312 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $108,009,172 $204,496,226 $48,500,913 2,194 $3,726,586 $1,160,194 $5,132,631 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $64,539,374 $122,193,867 $28,981,044 1,311 $2,226,769 $693,257 $3,066,932

Travel Expenses Only: $43,469,798 $82,302,359 $19,519,869 883 $1,499,816 $466,936 $2,065,699 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $227,584,000 $426,048,000 $127,008,000 6,238 $7,280,000 $4,704,000 $13,552,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $103,591,613 $193,928,394 $57,811,461 2,840 $3,313,708 $2,141,165 $6,168,595 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $55,234,049 $103,400,750 $30,824,514 1,514 $1,766,837 $1,141,649 $3,289,035

Travel Expenses Only: $48,357,564 $90,527,644 $26,986,948 1,326 $1,546,871 $999,517 $2,879,560 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $821,992,875 $1,562,986,193 $413,501,017 19,419 $37,123,268 $11,795,788 $44,667,626 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $422,130,509 $805,070,040 $214,508,452 10,082 $20,816,891 $6,055,974 $23,307,451 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $146,151,347 $276,544,487 $73,361,781 3,458 $5,719,719 $2,180,040 $7,860,265

Travel Expenses Only: $275,979,161 $528,525,554 $141,146,672 6,624 $15,097,172 $3,875,934 $15,447,186

138

Wyoming RESIDENTS & NON-RESIDENTS All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $245,996,108 $365,278,430 $68,550,605 3,800 $10,276,881 $0 $6,491,779 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $127,592,858 $189,462,018 $35,555,716 1,971 $5,330,396 $0 $3,367,145 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $24,558,873 $36,467,352 $6,843,708 379 $1,025,986 $0 $648,103

Travel Expenses Only: $103,033,985 $152,994,666 $28,712,007 1,592 $4,304,410 $0 $2,719,042 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $148,669,951 $247,460,992 $62,260,681 3,298 $7,022,472 $0 $6,048,979 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $121,917,981 $202,932,362 $51,057,369 2,705 $5,758,834 $0 $4,960,513 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $51,323,269 $85,427,532 $21,493,393 1,139 $2,424,271 $0 $2,088,205

Travel Expenses Only: $78,056,264 $129,924,577 $32,688,759 1,732 $3,687,012 $0 $3,175,898 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $296,688,000 $477,120,000 $121,408,000 7,344 $9,632,000 $0 $16,128,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $135,046,350 $217,175,331 $55,262,455 3,343 $4,384,291 $0 $7,341,138 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $72,005,412 $115,795,793 $29,465,408 1,782 $2,337,662 $0 $3,914,224

Travel Expenses Only: $63,040,938 $101,379,539 $25,797,047 1,560 $2,046,629 $0 $3,426,914 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $691,354,059 $1,089,859,422 $252,219,287 14,443 $26,931,353 $0 $28,668,757 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $384,557,189 $609,569,711 $141,875,540 8,019 $15,473,521 $0 $15,668,796 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $147,887,554 $237,690,676 $57,802,510 3,300 $5,787,918 $0 $6,650,532

Travel Expenses Only: $244,131,188 $384,298,782 $87,197,813 4,884 $10,038,051 $0 $9,321,855

139

Wyoming NON-RESIDENTS ONLY All Fishing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes

All Travel and Equipment $: $106,153,016 $168,631,073 $33,721,277 1,941 $3,573,678 $0 $3,316,301 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $56,542,470 $89,821,445 $17,961,659 1,034 $1,903,522 $0 $1,766,430 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0 Travel Expenses Only: $0 $0 $0 0 $0 $0 $0 All Hunting Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $77,860,500 $130,616,936 $31,872,886 1,735 $3,519,367 $0 $3,182,705 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $67,279,669 $112,866,784 $27,541,529 1,499 $3,041,103 $0 $2,750,192 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $19,418,508 $32,576,030 $7,949,138 433 $877,735 $0 $793,771

Travel Expenses Only: $55,129,334 $92,483,669 $22,567,681 1,229 $2,491,897 $0 $2,253,523 All Wildlife Viewing Activities Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $200,144,000 $319,088,000 $83,328,000 5,100 $6,608,000 $0 $10,976,000 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $91,101,483 $145,242,375 $37,929,213 2,322 $3,007,827 $0 $4,996,052 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $48,574,432 $77,441,834 $20,223,491 1,238 $1,603,745 $0 $2,663,847

Travel Expenses Only: $42,527,051 $67,800,541 $17,705,722 1,084 $1,404,083 $0 $2,332,205 All Wildlife-Based Activities Combined Tot. Multiplier Salaries Sales & Motor State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes All Travel and Equipment $: $384,157,516 $618,336,008 $148,922,162 8,777 $13,701,044 $0 $17,475,006 Travel + Equipment, with Special Equipment & Real Estate Excluded: $221,938,664 $359,074,463 $85,660,846 4,983 $8,188,616 $0 $9,731,830 Equipment Only, Excluding Special Equipment & Real Estate: $75,007,983 $121,161,723 $30,401,074 1,799 $2,717,643 $0 $3,676,773

Travel Expenses Only: $154,198,854 $250,105,655 $58,235,062 3,346 $5,799,501 $0 $6,352,158

140

Appendix IV:

Survey Statistics III –A: Trip Expenditures (Adults 18 years +, sample size = 4,679)

Mean N Standard Deviation

Standard Error

95%CI:Lower Limit

95% C.I. Upper Limit

Margin of Error

DAYTRIPS

BikeFoodDay 21 1378 52.44 1.412661386 18.23 23.77 13.2%

BikeTransDay 20 1378 54.36 1.464383542 17.13 22.87 14.4%

BikeActivitiesDay 11 1378 40.08 1.079700007 8.88 13.12 19.2%

BikeOtherDay 6 1378 34.39 0.926419242 4.18 7.82 30.3%

CampFoodDay 88 1021 109.27 3.419700501 81.30 94.70 7.6%

CampTransDay 74 1021 101.52 3.177157453 67.77 80.23 8.4%

CampActivitiesDay 45 1021 75.96 2.377234832 40.34 49.66 10.4%

CampOtherDay 20 1021 52.24 1.634896625 16.80 23.20 16.0%

SnowFoodDay 47 770 79.55 2.866783006 41.38 52.62 12.0%

SnowTransDay 47 770 86.44 3.115081371 40.89 53.11 13.0%

SnowActivitiesDay 56 770 88.75 3.198327993 49.73 62.27 11.2%

SnowOtherDay 17 770 63.06 2.272524656 12.55 21.45 26.2%

TrailFoodDay 33 1656 71.89 1.766600371 29.54 36.46 10.5%

TrailTransDay 38 1656 77.95 1.915516747 34.25 41.75 9.9%

TrailActivitiesDay 19 1656 66.4 1.631690981 15.80 22.20 16.8%

TrailOtherDay 15 1656 61.93 1.521846724 12.02 17.98 19.9%

WaterFoodDay 34 829 72.44 2.515945194 29.07 38.93 14.5%

WaterTransDay 35 829 74.79 2.597564067 29.91 40.09 14.5%

WaterActivitiesDay 36 829 78.64 2.731280094 30.65 41.35 14.9%

WaterOtherDay 9 829 36.15 1.255541396 6.54 11.46 27.3%

OVERNIGHT TRIPS

BikeFoodOvernight 75 252 131.78 8.301359709 58.73 91.27 21.7%

BikeTransOvernight 73 252 117.04 7.372826987 58.55 87.45 19.8%

BikeActivitiesOvernight 57 252 226.35 14.25870974 29.05 84.95 49.0%

BikeOtherOvernight 26 252 94.65 5.962389562 14.31 37.69 44.9%

BikeLodgingOvernight 76 191 186.34 13.4830892 49.57 102.43 34.8%

CampFoodOvernight 95 1873 167.96 3.880940436 87.39 102.61 8.0%

CampTransOvernight 93 1873 210.19 4.856721066 83.48 102.52 10.2%

CampActivitiesOvernight 46 1873 133.95 3.095093899 39.93 52.07 13.2%

141

CampOtherOvernight 20 1873 72.99 1.686531569 16.69 23.31 16.5%

CampLodgingOvernight 65 1454 185.78 4.872106301 55.45 74.55 14.7%

SnowFoodOvernight 139 299 181.4 10.49063287 118.44 159.56 14.8%

SnowTransOvernight 135 299 267.34 15.46067139 104.70 165.30 22.4%

SnowActivitiesOvernight 115 299 167.87 9.708172763 95.97 134.03 16.5%

SnowOtherOvernight 34 299 85.91 4.968303581 24.26 43.74 28.6%

SnowLodgingOvernight 225 240 416.81 26.90496981 172.27 277.73 23.4%

TrailFoodOvernight 85 678 185.58 7.127156963 71.03 98.97 16.4%

TrailTransOvernight 97 678 230.48 8.851531074 79.65 114.35 17.9%

TrailActivitiesOvernight 31 678 94.03 3.611200394 23.92 38.08 22.8%

TrailOtherOvernight 23 678 71.53 2.7470931 17.62 28.38 23.4%

TrailLodgingOvernight 76 558 199.8 8.458208458 59.42 92.58 21.8%

WaterFoodOvernight 83 325 139.64 7.74583354 67.82 98.18 18.3%

WaterTransOvernight 78 325 152.28 8.446974588 61.44 94.56 21.2%

WaterActivitiesOvernight 45 325 80.43 4.461453678 36.26 53.74 19.4%

WaterOtherOvernight 18 325 93.51 5.187001535 7.83 28.17 56.5%

WaterLodgingOvernight 73 273 163.54 9.897891069 53.60 92.40 26.6%

142

III-B: Equipment & Services Expenditures

Mean N Standard Deviation Standard Error

95%CI: Lower Limit

95%CI: Upper Limit

Margin of Error

Margin of Error -

Percentage

Bike Apparel, Self 69 1098 150.7042923 4.548041844 60.44 78.27 8.91 0.13

Bike Apparel, Child 9 1098 55.74764489 1.682384873 5.47 12.06 3.30 0.38

Bike Equip., Self 167 1098 485.5347283 14.65274962 137.93 195.37 28.72 0.17

Bike Equip, Child 13 1098 49.4404126 1.492041547 9.77 15.62 2.92 0.23

Bike Access.,Self 40 1098 90.276577 2.724419083 35.00 45.68 5.34 0.13

Bike Access,Child 6 1098 32.17979748 0.971140657 3.89 7.69 1.90 0.33

Bike Services, Self 24 1098 81.05495627 2.446123646 19.48 29.07 4.79 0.20

Bike Services,Child 2 1098 14.38025428 0.433975683 1.49 3.20 0.85 0.36

Camp Apparel, Self 51 1821 121.5639664 2.848720816 45.76 56.93 5.58 0.11

Camp Apparel, Child 15 1821 47.70396925 1.117891216 12.67 17.05 2.19 0.15

Camp Equip., Self 127 1821 305.1886948 7.151768844 113.47 141.51 14.02 0.11

Camp Equip, Child 16 1821 64.40500685 1.50926207 12.59 18.51 2.96 0.19

Camp Access.,Self 57 1821 154.5636269 3.62203237 49.66 63.86 7.10 0.13

Camp Access,Child 17 1821 108.8922414 2.551772569 11.52 21.52 5.00 0.30

Camp Services, Self 46 1821 175.1565543 4.104605476 38.07 54.16 8.05 0.17

Camp Services,Child 8 1821 38.72577032 0.907496779 5.94 9.49 1.78 0.23

Snow Apparel, Self 136 665 251.8033412 9.76451475 116.74 155.02 19.14 0.14

Snow Apparel, Child 37 665 177.4449551 6.881020219 24.00 50.97 13.49 0.36

Snow Equip., Self 112 665 266.5453062 10.33618363 92.16 132.68 20.26 0.18

Snow Equip, Child 56 665 448.8958295 17.40743363 21.98 90.22 34.12 0.61

Snow Access, Self 65 665 195.0205641 7.562573103 50.54 80.19 14.82 0.23

Snow Access,Child 21 665 133.0704778 5.160251797 11.01 31.24 10.11 0.48

Snow Services, Self 51 665 121.3763645 4.706773531 41.44 59.89 9.23 0.18

Snow Services,Child 17 665 83.28653435 3.229713273 10.77 23.43 6.33 0.37

Trail Apparel, Self 92 1076 139.3073907 4.246860758 83.31 99.96 8.32 0.09

Trail Apparel, Child 16 1076 63.12176382 1.924300932 12.08 19.63 3.77 0.24

Trail Equip., Self 51 1076 156.45438 4.769595955 41.65 60.35 9.35 0.18

Trail Equip, Child 10 1076 51.63834519 1.574222737 6.64 12.81 3.09 0.32

Trail Access.,Self 37 1076 83.93364548 2.558762342 31.77 41.80 5.02 0.14

Trail Access,Child 9 1076 50.55066394 1.541064188 6.06 12.10 3.02 0.33

Trail Services, Self 33 1076 146.8824212 4.477789639 23.74 41.30 8.78 0.27

Trail Services,Child 8 1076 51.17506496 1.56009939 4.70 10.82 3.06 0.39

Water Apparel, Self 77 578 278.7504475 11.5944901 54.69 100.14 22.73 0.29

Water Apparel, Child 11 578 54.80423316 2.279555583 6.35 15.28 4.47 0.41

Water Equip., Self 105 578 444.2116283 18.47676792 68.82 141.25 36.21 0.34

Water Equip, Child 9 578 54.75778067 2.277623414 4.84 13.77 4.46 0.48

Water Access.,Self 50 578 190.730483 7.93334223 34.79 65.89 15.55 0.31

Water Access,Child 7 578 38.56683234 1.604168746 3.37 9.66 3.14 0.48

Water Services, Self 46 578 169.446015 7.048025075 32.11 59.74 13.81 0.30

Water Services,Child 7 578 26.48226453 1.10151699 4.75 9.07 2.16 0.31

143

Appendix V:

Survey Questionnaire

144

HARRIS INTERACTIVE Rochester, NY 14623 SURVEY TITLE (CLIENT NAME) OIF: Economic Impact Study TITLE FOR INITIAL SURVEY PAGE: Outdoor Activities

SUBJECTS FOR QUESTIONNAIRE SECTION 400: SAMPLE PRELOAD AND SCREENING QUESTIONS SECTION 500: EQUIPMENT SPENDING SECTION 600: TRIP INFO AND SPENDING SECTION 700: SOFT EXIT QUESTIONS SECTION 800: WEBOGRAPHIC QUESTIONS SECTION 100: DEMOGRAPHICS

Information for Online Surveys Harris Interactive-approved Soft Exit Items: Q700 Number of Response Equivalents (REs): 145 Estimated Survey Duration: 18 MINUTES Survey Template: HI CORPORATE TTT Code (Q23): 059999 HIpoints Identifying Phrase: Outdoor Activities Demographics Template: PRELOAD

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SCREENING SECTION BASE: ALL RESPONDENTS Q101 [GENDER/YEAR OF BIRTH QUESTION PLACEMENT (Q102/Q104)]

[PROGRAMMER NOTE: GET CODE 1.]

[PROGRAMMER NOTE: INSERT THE FOLLOWING CUSTOM INTRO INTO Q102 “Thank you for agreeing to participate in this survey! We are conducting a study about people’s behavior and opinions on the activities in which they participate. Our first few questions are for classification purposes and they enable us to select the questions to ask you later in the survey. They will also help us properly analyze responses to this survey. Please be assured that all of your responses will be kept strictly confidential and will only be looked at in the aggregate, together with other responses. Thank you again for participating – we really appreciate your perspective. “]

1 PRESENT GENDER/YOB AS FIRST ITEMS 2 PRESENT GENDER/YOB FOLLOWING SCREENER ITEMS 3 PRESENT GENDER/YOB IN DEMOGRAPHIC SECTION

BASE: ALL RESPONDENTS Q109 [HIDDEN QUESTION FOR COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE POSITION.]

[PROGRAMMER NOTE: GET CODE 1.]

1 PRESENT COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE QUESTION BEFORE DEMO SECTION

(Q110/Q166) 2 PRESENT COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE QUESTION IN NORMAL POSITION OF

DEMOGRAPHIC SECTION (Q110/Q166) [PN: IF US RESIDENT AS Q110/244 ASK Q400; JUMP OTHERS TO Q425] BASE: U.S. RESIDENT (Q110/244) Q400 In which state do you currently reside? [DROP DOWN MENU] [PN IF RESPONDENT IS 18+ (105/18+) AND U.S. RESIDENT (Q110/244) ASK Q405; JUMP OTHERS TO Q425] BASE: 18+ (105/18+) AND U.S. RESIDENT (Q110/244) Q405 Which activities have you personally participated in within the past year? Please select all that apply. [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] [RANDOMIZE GROUPS AND CODES WITHIN GROUPS; ALWAYS GROUP 9,10 AND 16,17] Trail 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock Bicycling 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) Camping 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite, in a tent, or rustic lodge Snow Sports 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing

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9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing Water Sports 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming 97 None of these [ANCHOR, E] [PN: IF HAVE PARTICIPATED IN AT LEAST 1 ACTIVITY (Q405/1-17) ASK Q410; JUMP OTHERS TO Q425] BASE: BASE: 18+ (105/18+) AND U.S. RESIDENT (Q110/244) AND HAVE PARTICIPATED IN AT LEAST 1 ACTIVITY (Q405/1-17) Q410 Of the activities you have personally participated in within the past year, which activities have you spent money on in the past year? This should include money spent on apparel, footwear, equipment, accessories, or services related to the activity. Please select all that apply. [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] [PN: KEEP ONLY CODES SELECTED AT Q405 AND KEEP IN THE SAME ORDER AND ALWAYS GET CODE 97] Trail 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock Bicycling 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) Camping 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge Snow Sports 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing Water Sports 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming 97 None of these [ANCHOR, E] BASE: BASE: 18+ (105/18+) AND U.S. RESIDENT (Q110/244) AND HAVE PARTICIPATED IN AT LEAST 1 ACTIVITY (Q405/1-17) Q415 Of the activities you have personally participated in within the past year, for which activities have any children under the age of 18 in your household also participated? Please select all that apply.

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[MULTIPLE RESPONSE] [PN: KEEP ONLY CODES SELECTED AT Q405 AND KEEP IN THE SAME ORDER AND ALWAYS GET CODE 97] Trail 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock Bicycling 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) Camping 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite, in a tent, or rustic lodge Snow Sports 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing Water Sports 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming 97 None of these [ANCHOR, E] BASE: BASE: 18+ (105/18+) AND U.S. RESIDENT (Q110/244) AND HAVE PARTICIPATED IN AT LEAST 1 ACTIVITY (Q405/1-17) Q420 HIDDEN QUESTION [PN: ASSIGN RESPONDENTS TO ACTIVITIES BASED ON Q410. IF AN INDIVIDUAL QUALIFIES FOR MORE THAN 3 ACTIVITIES, SELECT 3 ACTIVITIES WITH THE LEAST NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS.] 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite, in a tent, or rustic lodge 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming

BASE: ALL RESPONDENTS

Q425 QUOTA QUESTION: IF

1. AGE 18+ (Q105/18+)

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2. US RESIDENT (Q110/244) 3. HAVE SPENT MONEY ON AN ACTIVITY (Q410/1-17)

IF 1-3 ARE TRUE AND ARE FROM ALABAMA; GET CODE 1 ALASKA; GET CODE 2 ARIZONA; GET CODE 3 ARKANSAS; GET CODE 4 CALIFORNIA; GET CODE 5 COLORADO; GET CODE 6 CONNECTICUT; GET CODE 7 DELAWARE; GET CODE 8 DISTICT OF COLUMBIA GET CODE 20 FLORIDA; GET CODE 9 GEORGIA; GET CODE 10 HAWAII; GET CODE 11 IDAHO; GET CODE 12 ILLINOIS; GET CODE 13 INDIANA; GET CODE 14 IOWA; GET CODE 15 KANSAS; GET CODE 16 KENTUCKY; GET CODE 17 LOUISIANA; GET CODE 18 MAINE; GET CODE 19 MARYLAND; GET CODE 20 MASSACHUSETTS; GET CODE 21 MICHIGAN; GET CODE 22 MINNESOTA; GET CODE 23 MISSISSIPPI; GET CODE 24 MISSOURI; GET CODE 25 MONTANA; GET CODE 26 NEBRASKA; GET CODE 27 NEVADA; GET CODE 28 NEW HAMPSHIRE; GET CODE 29 NEW JERSEY; GET CODE 30 NEW MEXICO; GET CODE 31 NEW YORK; GET CODE 32 NORTH CAROLINA; GET CODE 33 NORTH DAKOTA; GET CODE 34 OHIO; GET CODE 35 OKLAHOMA; GET CODE 36 OREGON; GET CODE 37 PENNSYLVANIA; GET CODE 38 RHODE ISLAND; GET CODE 39 SOUTH CAROLINA; GET CODE 40 SOUTH DAKOTA; GET CODE 41 TENNESSEE; GET CODE 42 TEXAS; GET CODE 43 UTAH; GET CODE 44 VERMONT; GET CODE 45 VIRGINIA; GET CODE 46 WASHINGTON; GET CODE 47 WEST VIRGINIA; GET CODE 48 WISCONSIN; GET CODE 49 WYOMING; GET CODE 50

ALL OTHERS CODE AS 51

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1 Alabama [QUOTA = 50] 2 Alaska [QUOTA = 125] 3 Arizona [QUOTA = 125] 4 Arkansas [QUOTA = 50] 5 California [QUOTA = 125] 6 Colorado [QUOTA = 125] 7 Connecticut [QUOTA = 50] 8 Delaware [QUOTA = 50] 9 Florida [QUOTA = 50] 10 Georgia [QUOTA = 50] 11 Hawaii [QUOTA = 50] 12 Idaho [QUOTA = 50] 13 Illinois [QUOTA = 50] 14 Indiana [QUOTA = 50] 15 Iowa [QUOTA = 50] 16 Kansas [QUOTA = 50] 17 Kentucky [QUOTA = 50] 18 Louisiana [QUOTA = 125] 19 Maine [QUOTA = 125] 20 Maryland [QUOTA = 50] 21 Massachusetts [QUOTA = 125] 22 Michigan [QUOTA = 50] 23 Minnesota [QUOTA = 50] 24 Mississippi [QUOTA = 50] 25 Missouri [QUOTA = 50] 26 Montana [QUOTA = 125] 27 Nebraska [QUOTA = 50] 28 Nevada [QUOTA = 125] 29 New Hampshire [QUOTA = 125] 30 New Jersey [QUOTA = 50] 31 New Mexico [QUOTA = 125] 32 New York [QUOTA = 125] 33 North Carolina [QUOTA = 125] 34 North Dakota [QUOTA = 50] 35 Ohio [QUOTA = 50] 36 Oklahoma [QUOTA = 50] 37 Oregon [QUOTA = 125] 38 Pennsylvania [QUOTA = 50] 39 Rhode Island [QUOTA = 50] 40 South Carolina [QUOTA = 50] 41 South Dakota [QUOTA = 50] 42 Tennessee [QUOTA = 125] 43 Texas [QUOTA = 50] 44 Utah [QUOTA = 125] 45 Vermont [QUOTA = 125] 46 Virginia [QUOTA = 125] 47 Washington [QUOTA = 125] 48 West Virginia [QUOTA = 125] 49 Wisconsin [QUOTA = 125] 50 Wyoming [QUOTA = 125] 51 Not qualified

BASE: ALL RESPONDENTS Q430 QUOTA CHECK QUESTION (DOES NOT APPEAR ON SCREEN)

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[PROGRAMMER NOTE: CHECK QUOTAS AT Q425.] 1 Quota cell closed 2 Quota cell open 3 Quota cell not found

BASE: ALL RESPONDENTS Q77 [HI POINTS VALUE – DOES NOT APPEAR ON SCREEN] [IF QUALIFIED AND QUOTA CELL OPEN/NOT FOUND (Q430/2,3 AND Q425/1-50) GET CODE 2] [IF NON-QUALIFIED OR QUOTA CELL CLOSED (Q430/1 OR Q425/51) GET CODE 1]

1 30 2 100

[DISABLE BACK BUTTON] [PROGRAMMER: IF QUALIFIED AND QUOTA CELL OPEN/NOT FOUND (Q77/2) ASK Q500. ALL OTHERS JUMP TO Q700.]

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SECTION 500: EQUIPMENT DOLLARS SPENT BASE: QUALIFIED RESPONDENTS (Q77/2) Q505 HIDDEN QUESTION [PN: RANDOMIZE ACTIVITIES SELECTED AT Q420 AND HOLD HERE] 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming BASE: QUALIFIED RESPONDENTS (Q77/2) Q510 HIDDEN QUESTION

1 special socks, boots/shoes, hats, and jackets, etc. 2 backpacks, climbing gear, etc. 3 sunglasses, GPS & other devices, maps & books, first aid, etc. 4 cycling shorts, jerseys, shoes, etc. 5 bicycles and parts, etc. 6 head gear, water bottles & hydration systems, tools, sports racks, repair items & services, and eye wear etc. 7 jackets, thermal underwear, rain gear, head wear, and other apparel bought primarily for camping. 8 tents, campers, sleeping bags, stoves & lanterns, etc. 9 flashlights, first aid, storage containers, bear bags, tools, etc. 10 ski jackets, waterproof clothing and shells, bibs, vests, and other apparel purchased primarily for skiing 11 skis, snowboards, ski poles, snow shoes 12 goggles & eye wear, helmets, gloves, tuning services, waxes, boot carriers and ski bags, car racks, etc. 13 rain gear, bathing suits, waterproof footwear, rash guards, neoprene, etc. 14 canoes, kayaks, rafts, paddles and oars, etc. 15 dry bags and other storage, eye wear, ear plugs, car racks, rope, life preservers/PFDs, helmets, kayak skirts,

water toys, trailers, swim fins, etc. [PROGRAMMER NOTE: LOOP THROUGH Q520 - Q545 FOR EACH ACTIVITY PARTICIPATED IN AT Q505.] [BANK Q515 AND Q520 ON THE SAME PAGE: SHOW Q515 FOR FIRST LOOP ONLY] BASE: QUALIFIED RESPONDENTS (Q77/2) Q515 In this section we would like to ask about your spending on each of the activities you participate in. [INSERT VARIABLE WORDING IF ANY CODES AT Q410 ARE ALSO SELECTED AT Q505 “If you have children under 18 in your household that also participate in the activity, please include their information in the appropriate space.”]

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BASE: QUALIFIED RESPONDENTS (Q77/2) Q520 In the past year, how much have you spent on apparel and footwear for [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505]? [VARIABLE WORDING IF CODE AT Q505 IS ALSO SELECTED AT Q410 “Please include any money spent on children under 18 in your household for this activity.] We are interested in items bought specifically for this activity, big or small, including such things as [VARIABLE WORDING; IF Q505/1-4 GET Q510/1, IF Q505/5-6 GET Q510/4, IF Q505/7 GET 510/7, IF 505/8-12 GET 510/10, IF Q505/13-17 GET 510/13]. If you did not spend any money in the past year, please enter ‘0’. [GET Q521 IF CODE AT Q505 IS ALSO SELECTED AT Q410] [RANGE 0-99999]

Apparel & footwear for yourself $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 Q521

Apparel & footwear for children under 18 in your household $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 [PN: IF SPENT MONEY (Q520>0 OR Q521>0) ASK Q525; JUMP OTHERS TO Q535. [ENABLE BACK BUTTON] BASE: SPENT MONEY (Q520>0) OR SPENT MONEY ON KIDS (Q521>0) Q525 Thinking about all of the money you spent on [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505] apparel and footwear last year, approximately what percentage of your total do you think you would have spent even if you had not done any [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505]? [RANGE 0-100%] [GET Q526 IF Q520>0. GET Q527 IF Q521>0] Q526

Apparel & footwear for yourself |_|_|_|% Q527 Apparel & footwear for children under 18 in your household |_|_|_|% [PN: IF (% AT Q526>0%OR Q527>0%) AND MORE THAN ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17 ASK Q530; JUMP OTHERS TO Q535] BASE: SPENT MORE THAN 0% (Q525>0%) OR MORE THAN 0% ON KIDS (Q526>0%) AND MORE THAN ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17 Q530 Of the remaining percentage of your purchases which you did not make specifically for [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505], what other activities did you purchase this apparel or footwear for? Please select all that apply. [GET CODES FROM Q405 AND ALWAYS GET CODE 18] [IF Q526<100% DISPLAY Q531/1, IF Q527<100% DISPLAY Q531/2] [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] Q531 1 Apparel & footwear for yourself 2 Apparel & footwear for children under 18 in your household 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding

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12 Snowshoeing 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming 18 Some other use BASE: QUALIFIED RESPONDENTS (Q77/2) Q535 In the past year, how much have you spent on [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505] equipment? [VARIABLE WORDING IF CODE AT Q505 IS ALSO SELECTED AT Q410 “Please include any money spent on children under 18 in your household for this activity.] We are interested in items bought specifically for this activity, big or small, including such things as [VARIABLE WORDING; IF Q505/1-4 GET Q510/2, IF Q505/5-6 GET Q510/5, IF Q505/7 GET 510/8, IF 505/8-12 GET 510/11, IF Q505/13-17 GET 510/14]. If did not spend any money in the past year, please enter ‘0’. [GET Q536 IF CODE AT Q505 IS ALSO SELECTED AT Q410] [RANGE 0-99999]

Equipment for yourself $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 Q536

Equipment for children under 18 in your household $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 [PN: IF SPENT MONEY (Q535>0 OR Q536>0) ASK Q540; JUMP OTHERS TO Q550.] BASE: SPENT MONEY (Q535>0) OR SPENT MONEY ON KIDS (Q536>0) Q540 Thinking about all of the money you spent on [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505] equipment last year, approximately what percentage of your total do you think you would have spent even if you had not done any [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505]? [RANGE 0-100%] [GET Q541 IF Q535>0. GET Q542 IF Q536>0] Q541

Equipment for yourself |_|_|_|% Q542 Equipment for children under 18 in your household |_|_|_|% [PN: IF (% AT Q541>0% OR Q542>0%) AND MORE THAN ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17 ASK Q545; JUMP OTHERS TO Q550] BASE: SPENT MORE THAN 0% (Q541>0%) OR MORE THAN 0% ON KIDS (Q542>0%) AND MORE THAN ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17 Q545 Of the remaining percentage of your purchases which you did not make specifically for [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505], what other activities did you purchase this equipment for? Please select all that apply. [GET CODES FROM Q405 AND ALWAYS GET CODE 18] [IF Q541<100% DISPLAY Q546/1, IF Q542<100% DISPLAY Q546/2] [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] Q546 1 Equipment for yourself 2 Equipment for children under 18 in your household 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock

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5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming 18 Some other use BASE: QUALIFIED RESPONDENTS (Q77/2) Q550 In the past year, how much have you spent on accessories and services for [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505]? [VARIABLE WORDING IF CODE AT Q505 IS ALSO SELECTED AT Q410 “Please include any money spent on children under 18 in your household for this activity.] We are interested in items bought specifically for this activity, big or small, including such things as [VARIABLE WORDING; IF Q505/1-4 GET Q510/3, IF Q505/5-6 GET Q510/6, IF Q505/7 GET 510/9, IF 505/8-12 GET 510/12, IF Q505/13-17 GET 510/15]. If did not spend any money in the past year, please enter ‘0’. [GET Q551 IF CODE AT Q505 IS ALSO SELECTED AT Q410] [RANGE 0-99999]

Accessories for yourself $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 Q551

Accessories for children under 18 in your household $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 [GET Q553 IF CODE AT Q505 IS ALSO SELECTED AT Q410] Q552

Services for yourself $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 Q553

Services for children under 18 in your household $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00

[PN: IF SPENT MONEY (Q550>0 OR Q551>0 OR Q552>0 OR Q553>0) ASK Q555; JUMP OTHERS TO Q605.] BASE: SPENT MONEY (Q535>0) OR SPENT MONEY ON KIDS (Q551>0) Q555 Thinking about all of the money you spent on [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505] accessories and services last year, approximately what percentage of your total do you think you would have spent even if you had not done any [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505]? [RANGE 0-100%] [GET Q556 IF Q550>0. GET Q557 IF Q551>0. GET Q558 IF Q552>0. GET Q559 IF Q553>0] Q556

Accessories for yourself |_|_|_|% Q557 Accessories for children under 18 in your household |_|_|_|% Q558

Services for yourself |_|_|_|% Q559 Services for children under 18 in your household |_|_|_|% [PN: SPENT MORE THAN 0% ON THEMSELVES OR KIDS (Q556>0% OR Q557>0% OR Q558>0% OR Q559>0%) AND MORE THAN ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17 ASK Q560; JUMP OTHERS TO Q605]

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BASE: SPENT MORE THAN 0% ON THEMSELVES OR KIDS (Q556>0%<OR Q557>0% OR Q558>0% OR Q559>0%) AND MORE THAN ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17 Q560 Of the remaining percentage of your purchases which you did not make specifically for [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q505], what other activities did you purchase these accessories and services for? Please select all that apply. [GET CODES FROM Q405 AND ALWAYS GET CODE 18] [IF Q556<100% DISPLAY Q561/1, IF Q557<100% DISPLAY Q561/2, IF Q558<100% DISPLAY Q561/3, IF Q559<100% DISPLAY Q561/4] [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] Q561 1 Accessories for yourself 2 Accessories for children under 18 in your household 3 Services of yourself 4 Services for children under 18 in your household 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming 18 Some other use

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SECTION 600: TRIP INFORMATION BASE: QUALIFIED RESPONDENTS Q605 Below is a list of the activities in which you actively participate. Thinking about all of these activities, how many of each type of trip have you taken in the past year for the purpose of participating in any one or more of these activities? [RANGE 0-99] [PN: GET ONLY THOSE CODES CHOSEN AT Q405 AND DISPLAY AS A LIST…THESE ARE NOT ANSWER CODES. DISPLAY # TRIPS CODES BELOW THIS LIST] 1 # of day trips |_|_| 2 # of overnight trips |_|_| 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming [PN: IF HAVE TAKEN A DAY TRIP (Q605/1>0) AND MORE THAN ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17 ASK Q610; JUMP OTHERS TO Q650] BASE: HAVE TAKEN A DAY TRIP (Q605/1>0) AND MORE THAN ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17 Q610 In the past year how many day trips have you taken for each activity in which you participated? If you participated in more than one activity on the same trip, please record each activity as a separate trip below. If you did not take any trips of a certain type, please enter ‘0’. [PN: GET ONLY THOSE CODES CHOSEN AT Q405] [RANGE 0-99]

Total day trips taken 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) |_|_| 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail |_|_| 3 Backpacking |_|_| 4 Climbing ice or natural rock |_|_| 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun |_|_| 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) |_|_| 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge |_|_| 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing |_|_| 9 Downhill skiing |_|_| 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a

free-heeled skiing experience) |_|_| 11 Snowboarding |_|_| 12 Snowshoeing |_|_|

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13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater |_|_| 14 Rafting |_|_| 15 Canoeing |_|_| 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) |_|_| 17 Outdoor pool swimming |_|_| BASE: HAVE TAKEN A DAY TRIP (Q605/1>0) Q615 Of the day trips you mentioned, how many trips were taken for the primary reason of engaging in the mentioned activity. If you did not take any trips for the primary reason of engaging in the mentioned activity, please enter ‘0’. [PN: ONLY GET CODES WITH Q610>0. INDICATE NUMBER OF TRIPS MENTIONED AT Q610 TO THE LEFT OF THE NUMERICAL TEXT BOX] [PN: NUMBERS AT Q615 CAN NOT EXCEED THOSE AT Q610]

Total trips taken Total primary reason trips 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) |_|_| 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail |_|_| 3 Backpacking |_|_| 4 Climbing ice or natural rock |_|_| 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun |_|_| 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) |_|_| 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge |_|_| 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing |_|_| 9 Downhill skiing |_|_| 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a

free-heeled skiing experience) |_|_| 11 Snowboarding |_|_| 12 Snowshoeing |_|_| 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater |_|_| 14 Rafting |_|_| 15 Canoeing |_|_| 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) |_|_| 17 Outdoor pool swimming BASE: HAVE TAKEN A DAY TRIP (Q605/1>0) Q620 HIDDEN QUESTION [PN: ASSIGN RESPONDENTS UP TO 3TRIP TYPES BASED ON Q610 (IF Q610>0). IF AN INDIVIDUAL QUALIFIES FOR MORE THAN 3 TYPES, SELECT 3 TYPES WITH THE LEAST NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS.] 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool)

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17 Outdoor pool swimming [PN: LOOP THROUGH Q625 – Q645 FOR EACH TRIP TYPE SELECTED AT 620] BASE: HAVE TAKEN A DAY TRIP (Q605/1>0) Q625 Of the [INSERT NUMBER FROM Q610 WHICH MATCHES CODE AT Q620] [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q620] day trip(s) you have taken in the past year, how many have been in-state trips, and how many have been out-of-state? If you did not take any trips of a certain type, please enter ‘0’. [SUM OF CODE 1 AND CODE 2 MUST = NUMBER FROM Q610] [RANGE 0-99]

1 In-state |_|_| 2 Out-of-state |_|_|

[PN: IF HAVE TAKEN AN OUT OF STATE DAY TRIP (Q625/2>0), ASK Q630 JUMP OTHERS TO Q631] BASE: HAVE TAKEN OUT-OF-STATE DAY TRIP (Q625/2>0) Q630 Which state(s) have you personally taken a day trip to for the purpose of going [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q620]? Please select all that apply. [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] [LIST THE 50 STATES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER AND EXCLUDE HOME STATE FROM Q400] BASE: HAVE TAKEN A DAY TRIP (Q605/1>0) Q631 Now please think about all of the [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q620] day trips you have taken in the past year. On a <font color=blue>typical</font> day trip, how much was usually spent on each of the following categories? [VARIABLE WORDING IF CODE AT Q620 IS ALSO SELECTED AT Q410 “Please include any money spent on children under 18 in your household for this activity.] If you did not spend any money on a particular category, please enter ‘0’. [RANGE 0-99999] 1 Food & Drink (groceries used on the trip, restaurants, bars etc.) $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 2 Transportation (gas & oil for the trip, bus, train, shuttle, etc.) $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 3 Recreation, Entertainment, and Activities (entry/access/parking fees, equipment rental, guide fees, etc)

$|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 4 Souvenirs, gifts, other miscellaneous $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 BASE: HAVE TAKEN A DAY TRIP (Q605/1>0) Q633 On a typical [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q620] day trip, how many people are usually in the trip party including yourself? [RANGE 1-20] |_|_| [PN: IF HAVE TAKEN AN OUT OF STATE DAY TRIP (Q625/2>0) AND HAVE SPENT MONEY (Q631/1-4>0), ASK Q645; JUMP OTHERS TO Q650] BASE: HAVE TAKEN AN OUT OF STATE DAY TRIP (Q625/2>0) AND HAVE SPENT MONEY (Q631/1-4>0) Q645 On a typical [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q620] day trip, about what percentage of your total trip expenses were in-state, and what percentage were out-of-state? The total percentage of your trip expenses spent in state and out-of-state should sum to 100% for each category. [RANGE 0-100%] [PN: GET CODES BASED ON Q631 AS FOLLOWS. IF Q631/1, GET Q645/1-2. IF Q631/2, GET Q645/3-4. IF Q631/3, GET Q645/5-6. IF Q631/4, GET Q645/7-8, ALWAYS GET CODES 9 AND 10.]

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[PN: CODES 1 AND 2 SHOULD SUM TO 100%, CODES 3 AND 4 SHOULD SUM TO 100%, CODES 5 AND 6 SHOULD SUM TO 100%, CODES 7 AND 8 SHOULD SUM TO 100%] [PN: DISPLAY Q643 AND Q644 LAST]

Q635 In-state: Food & Drink (groceries used on the trip, restaurants, bars etc.) |_|_|_|% Q636 Out-of-state: Food & Drink (groceries used on the trip, restaurants, bars etc.) |_|_|_|%

[INSERT SUM PERCENTAGE LEFT CALCULATION]

Q637 In-state: Transportation (gas & oil for the trip, bus, train, shuttle, etc.) |_|_|_|% Q638 Out-of-state: Transportation (gas & oil for the trip, bus, train, shuttle, etc.) |_|_|_|%

[INSERT SUM PERCENTAGE LEFT CALCULATION]

Q639 In-state: Recreation, Entertainment and Activities (entry/access/parking fees, equipment rental, guide fees, etc) |_|_|_|% Q640 Out-of-state: Recreation, Entertainment and Activities (entry/access/parking fees, equipment rental, guide fees, etc) |_|_|_|%

[INSERT SUM PERCENTAGE LEFT CALCULATION]

Q641 In-state: Souvenirs, gifts, other miscellaneous |_|_|_|% Q642 Out-of-state: Souvenirs, gifts, other miscellaneous |_|_|_|%

[INSERT SUM PERCENTAGE LEFT CALCULATION]

Q643 In-state: Total expenses |_|_|_|% Q644 Out-of-state: Total expenses |_|_|_|%

[INSERT SUM PERCENTAGE LEFT CALCULATION] [PN: IF HAVE TAKEN AN OVERNIGHT TRIP (Q605/2>0) AND MORE THAN ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17ASK Q650; JUMP OTHERS TO Q700] BASE: HAVE TAKEN AN OVERNIGHT TRIP (Q605/2>0) AND MORE THAN ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17 Q650 Now we would like to ask you about the overnight trips you have taken in the past year.<P> How many overnight trips have you taken for each activity in which you participated during the past year? If you participated in more than one activity on the same trip, please record each activity as a separate trip below. If you did not take any trips of a certain type, please enter ‘0’. [PN: GET ONLY THOSE CODES CHOSEN AT Q405] [RANGE0-99]

Total overnight trips taken 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) |_|_| 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail |_|_| 3 Backpacking |_|_| 4 Climbing ice or natural rock |_|_| 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun |_|_| 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) |_|_| 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge |_|_| 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing |_|_| 9 Downhill skiing |_|_| 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a

free-heeled skiing experience) |_|_| 11 Snowboarding |_|_| 12 Snowshoeing |_|_| 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater |_|_| 14 Rafting |_|_| 15 Canoeing |_|_| 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) |_|_| 17 Outdoor pool swimming |_|_|

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BASE: HAVE TAKEN AN OVERNIGHT TRIP (Q605/2>0) Q655 HIDDEN QUESTION [PN: ASSIGN RESPONDENTS UP TO 3 TRIP TYPES BASED ON Q650. IF AN INDIVIDUAL QUALIFIES FOR MORE THAN 3 TYPES, SELECT 3 TYPES WITH THE LEAST NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS.] 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming [PN: LOOP THROUGH Q660 – Q690 FOR EACH TRIP TYPE SELECTED AT 655] BASE: HAVE TAKEN AN OVERNIGHT TRIP (Q605/2>0) Q660 What other activities do you usually participate in when you are on an overnight [INSERT ACTIVITIES FROM Q655] trip? [PN: KEEP ONLY CODES SELECTED AT Q405] [PN: AUTOFILL AS 97 IF ONLY ONE CODE SELECTED AT Q405/1-17] 1 Trail running (running on an unpaved trail) 2 Day hiking on an unpaved trail 3 Backpacking 4 Climbing ice or natural rock 5 Bicycling on a paved road for exercise, competitively or just for fun 6 Bicycling off road (including dirt roads, trails, etc.) 7 Camping in an RV at a campsite or in a tent, or rustic lodge 8 Cross-Country/Nordic Skiing 9 Downhill skiing 10 Telemark skiing (skiing downhill with telemark bindings that allow a free-heeled skiing experience) 11 Snowboarding 12 Snowshoeing 13 Kayaking – Recreational/Sea/Whitewater 14 Rafting 15 Canoeing 16 Outdoor swimming (excluding swimming in an outdoor swimming pool) 17 Outdoor pool swimming 97 None of these

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BASE: HAVE TAKEN AN OVERNIGHT TRIP (Q605/2>0) Q665 Of the [INSERT NUMBER FROM Q650 WHICH MATCHES CODE AT Q655] [INSERT ACTIVITIES FROM Q655] trip(s) you took in the past year, how many were primarily to go [INSERT ACTIVITIES FROM Q655]? [NUMBER CAN NOT EXCEED Q650 FOR Q655 LOOP] [RANGE 0-99] |_|_| BASE: HAVE TAKEN AN OVERNIGHT TRIP (Q605/2>0) Q670 Thinking about your typical overnight [INSERT ACTIVITIES FROM Q655] trip, how many days in total are you usually away from home? [RANGE 1-60]

|_|_| BASE: HAVE TAKEN AN OVERNIGHT TRIP (Q605/2>0) Q671 Of the [INSERT NUMBER FROM Q650 WHICH MATCHES CODE AT Q655] overnight [INSERT ACTIVITIES FROM Q655] trip(s) you have taken in the past year, how many have been in-state trips, and how many have been out-of-state? If you did not take any trips of a certain type, please enter ‘0’. [SUM OF CODE 1 AND CODE 2 MUST = NUMBER FROM Q650] [RANGE 0-99] 1 In-state |_|_| 2 Out-of-state |_|_| [PN IF HAVE TAKEN AN OUT OF STATE DAY TRIP (Q671/2>0), ASK Q675 JUMP OTHERS TO Q680] BASE: HAVE TAKEN OUT-OF-STATE DAY TRIP (Q671/2>0) Q675 To which state(s) have you personally taken an overnight trip to or through for the purpose of going [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q655]? Please select all that apply. [MULTIPLE RESPONSE] [LIST THE 50 STATES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER AND EXCLUDE HOME STATE FROM Q400] BASE: HAVE TAKEN AN OVERNIGHT TRIP (Q605/2>0) Q680 Now please think about all of the [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q655] overnight trips you have taken in the past year. On a <font color=blue>typical</font> overnight trip, how much was usually spent on each of the following categories? [VARIABLE WORDING IF CODE AT Q655 IS ALSO SELECTED AT Q410 “Please include any money spent on children under 18 in your household for this activity.] If you did not spend any money on a particular category, please enter ‘0’. [RANGE 0-99999] 1 Food & Drink (groceries used on the trip, restaurants, bars etc.) $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 2 Transportation (gas & oil for the trip, bus, train, shuttle, etc.) $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 3 Recreation, Entertainment and Activities (entry/access/parking fees, equipment rental, guide fees, etc)

$|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 4 Souvenirs, gifts, other miscellaneous $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 5 Lodging - Motel, lodge, cabin, B&B, camping etc. $|_|_|_|_|_|_|.00 BASE: HAVE TAKEN AN OVERNIGHT TRIP (Q605/2>0) Q685 On a typical [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q620] overnight trip, how many people are usually in the trip party? [RANGE 1-20] |_|_|

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[PN: IF HAVE TAKEN AN OUT OF STATE OVERNIGHT TRIP (Q671/2>0) AND HAVE SPENT MONEY (Q680/1-4>0), ASK Q690; JUMP OTHERS TO Q700] BASE: HAVE TAKEN AN OUT OF STATE DAY TRIP (Q671/2>0) AND HAVE SPENT MONEY (Q680/1-4>0) Q690 On a typical [INSERT ACTIVITY FROM Q655] overnight trip, about what percentage of your total trip expenses were in-state, and what percentage were out-of-state? The total percentage of your trip expenses spent in state and out-of-state should sum to 100% for each category. [RANGE 0-100%] [PN: GET CODES BASED ON Q680 AS FOLLOWS. IF Q680/1, GET Q690/1-2. IF Q680/2, GET Q690/3-4. IF Q680/3, GET Q690/5-6. IF Q680/4, GET Q690/7-8 ALWAYS GET CODES 9 AND 10.] [PN: CODES 1 AND 2 SHOULD SUM TO 100%, CODES 3 AND 4 SHOULD SUM TO 100%, CODES 5 AND 6 SHOULD SUM TO 100%, CODES 7 AND 8 SHOULD SUM TO 100%] [PN: DISPLAY Q695 AND Q696 LAST]

In-state: Lodging – Motel, lodge, cabin, B&B, camping etc. |_|_|_|% Out-of-state: Lodging – Motel, lodge, cabin, B&B, camping etc. |_|_|_|% Q687 In-state: Food & Drink (groceries used on the trip, restaurants, bars etc.) |_|_|_|% Q688 Out-of-state: Food & Drink (groceries used on the trip, restaurants, bars etc.) |_|_|_|%

[INSERT SUM PERCENTAGE LEFT CALCULATION]

Q689 In-state: Transportation (gas & oil for the trip, bus, train, shuttle, etc.) |_|_|_|% Q690 Out-of-state: Transportation (gas & oil for the trip, bus, train, shuttle, etc.) |_|_|_|%

[INSERT SUM PERCENTAGE LEFT CALCULATION]

Q691 In-state: Recreation, Entertainment and Activities (entry/access/parking fees, equipment rental, guide fees, etc) |_|_|_|% Q692 Out-of-state: Recreation, Entertainment and Activities (entry/access/parking fees, equipment rental, guide fees, etc) |_|_|_|%

[INSERT SUM PERCENTAGE LEFT CALCULATION]

Q693 In-state: Souvenirs, gifts, other miscellaneous |_|_|_|% Q694 Out-of-state: Souvenirs, gifts, other miscellaneous |_|_|_|%

[INSERT SUM PERCENTAGE LEFT CALCULATION]

Q695 In-state: Total expenses |_|_|_|% Q696 Out-of-state: Total expenses |_|_|_|%

[INSERT SUM PERCENTAGE LEFT CALCULATION]