state efforst to reduce substance abuse among offenders · 2005. 2. 11. · state efforts to reduce...

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice ProgramsCorrections Program Office

State Efforts to ReduceSubstance AbuseAmong Offenders

Office of Justice ProgramsCorrections Program Office

October 1998

U.S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice Programs

810 Seventh Street, NWWashington, DC 20531

Janet RenoAttorney General

Raymond C. FisherAssociate Attorney General

Laurie RobinsonAssistant Attorney General

Larry MeachumDirector - Corrections Program Office

Corrections Technical Assistance Line(800) 848-6325

Office of Justice ProgramsWorld Wide Web Homepage:

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov

State Efforts to Reduce Substance Abuse Among Offenders

Prepared byOffice of Justice Programs

Corrections Program Office

October 1998

Forward

This document is designed to assist State policymakers with comprehensive planning and coordination of resourcesand services to reduce drug use and crime among offenders by providing an overview of State efforts and Federalresources available to address the problem. It was developed to serve as a resource for participants while attendingthe National Corrections Conference on Enhancing Public Safety by Reducing Substance Abuse, October 19-21, 1998, and during planning efforts upon return to their State. Sponsored by the Office of Justice Programs(OJP)/Corrections Program Office (CPO), the conference brought together teams of State policymakers andcorrections officials to discuss policy issues and share state-of-the-art information on the effective implementationand management of substance abuse control, testing, intervention, and treatment efforts in institutional andcommunity correctional settings. State teams were comprised of representatives from the Governor’s office,legislature, adult and juvenile corrections (including community corrections), the State criminal justice planningagency, and the State alcohol and drug agency.

State Efforts to Reduce Substance Abuse Among Offenders providesBby StateBinformation on trends in prison,parole, and juvenile correctional populations; implementation of State drug testing, sanctions, and treatmentpolicies; and Federal funding available for programs focused on substance abuse among offenders. The documenthighlights the drug testing policies submitted by the States to meet the requirement that each State implement aprogram of drug testing, sanctions, and treatment by September 1, 1998, to be eligible for continued funding underthe Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing Incentive Grant Program that is administered byOJP/CPO. Many States have significantly enhanced their policies to comply with this requirement. Federalresources described in this document include OJP/CPO’s Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State PrisonersGrant Program, the Bureau of Justice Assistance’s Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law EnforcementAssistance Formula Grant Program, the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and the JuvenileAccountability Incentive Block Grant Programs administered by the Office of Juvenile Justice and DelinquencyPrevention, and the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant Program administered by the Centerfor Substance Abuse Treatment in the Department of Health and Human Services. All of these are formula grantprograms that are awarded to each State, the District of Columbia, and the Territories. The State makes the fundingdecisions within the authorized purpose areas.

The conference and this document were designed to enable State policymakers to make informed decisions oneffective uses of these Federal resources as well as State resources to reduce substance abuse and crime amongoffenders. I encourage you to use this document as a tool in stimulating dialogue and collaboration within yourState.

Larry R. Meachum DirectorCorrections Program Office

State Efforts to Reduce Substance Abuse Among Offenders 1

Introduction

Fighting drugs in our prisons and among prisoners is absolutely critical ultimately to keepingdrugs off the streets and away from our children. Of all the consequences of drug use and abuse,none is more destructive and apparent than its impact on crime. Too many drug users arecommitting crimes to feed their habit. More than half of the cocaine that is sold in our country isconsumed by someone on parole or probation. Four out of five inmates in State and Federalprisons were either high at the time they committed their crimes, stole property to buy drugs,violated drug or alcohol laws, or have a long history of drug or alcohol abuse. Parolees who stayon drugs are much more likely to commit crimes that will send them back to jail....

If we can simply break the chain between drug use and criminal activity for people who are undercriminal justice supervision, in prison or on parole–if we could just do that–we can go a very longway toward making our streets and our neighborhoods safe for our children again. . . . I know itcan work. I have seen the high rates of return from good treatment programs in Federal facilities.We can do this at the State and Federal level. If we do not do it, we will continue to see people goright back on the streets with the drug habits that got them in trouble in the first place. If we doit, the crime rates will plummet and the drug problem will dramatically shrink. 1

President Clinton, Executive Order, January 1998

Drug testing and treatment are essential in the fight to break the cycle of drugs and crime. Research has shown thatoffenders who undergo drug testing and treatment while in prisons and after release are almost twice as likely toremain drug-free and crime-free as those offenders who do not receive drug testing and treatment. Additionally,treatment while in prison and under post-release supervision can reduce recidivism by approximately 50 percent.2

By enforcing coerced abstinence among offenders, States can help them to address their problems and the problemsthey create for the community. Further, better coordination between State criminal justice, alcohol and drug, andpublic health agencies will create a united effort to effectively treat drug-addicted offenders, ultimately enhancingthe safety of society.

According to a 1997 survey of State adult corrections agencies, sponsored by the Office of Justice Programs/Corrections Program Office, approximately 70 percent of all State prison inmates are in need of substance abusetreatment. On average about 13 percent of the inmates in reporting States were receiving treatment on any given day,and only 15 percent complete a prescribed substance abuse treatment program prior to release from confinement. Therespondents also estimate that just over one-third of those in need of treatment in the community following release willreceive it.

Although juvenile violent crime and drug use is declining, there is still the need to focus on programs and interventionstrategies. Persistent substance abuse by young people can cause many problems, including academic difficulties,physical and mental health problems, and entry into the juvenile justice system. Juveniles were involved in 14 percentof all drug arrests in 1996, and between 1992 and 1996, juvenile arrests for drug abuse violations increased 120percent.3

State and local criminal justice and public health agencies are encouraged to work together, through comprehensiveplanning and coordination, to determine ways to approach the problem, explore available Federal and State resources,and prioritize the most effective treatment programs for these offenders, especially in the community following release.Federal resources available to the States as formula grants are described on the following two pages. Each sourceof funding has its own unique requirements and statutorily defined purposes for which the funds may be used. Thesefunds, if coordinated within the State, can facilitate the implementation of comprehensive approaches to offender drug

2 Office of Justice Programs/Corrections Program Office

testing, sanctions, treatment, and aftercare.

Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) for State Prisoners Formula Grant Program

States receive funding–$63 million in FY 1998–to develop or enhance substance abuse treatment programs foroffenders. In implementing this program, States are encouraged to adopt comprehensive approaches to substanceabuse testing and treatment for offenders, including relapse prevention and aftercare services. RSAT Programs mustlast between 6 and 12 months, be provided in residential treatment facilities set apart from the general correctionalpopulation, focus on the substance abuse problems of the inmate, and develop the inmate’s cognitive, behavioral,social, vocational, and other skills to solve the substance abuse and related problems. Administered by theCorrections Program Office, the RSAT Program was created by the Violent Crime Control and Law EnforcementAct of 1994 (the Crime Act).

Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing (VOI/TIS) Incentive Formula Grant Program

The Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing (VOI/TIS) Incentive Formula Grant Program,administered by OJP/CPO, provides funding to the States for the construction of adult and juvenile correctionalfacilities that increase capacity for violent offenders or free space for violent offenders. Although these funds mustgenerally be used for construction, a requirement attached to this program has had a significant impact on State effortsto reduce drug use and crime among offenders. In order to qualify for VOI/TIS funds in FY 1999 and beyond, Statesare required by statute to have implemented, by September 1, 1998, a program of drug testing, sanctioning, andtreatment for prison inmates and offenders released from prison while under State supervision in the community. AllStates complied with the statutory requirement as described in this document. Since VOI/TIS funds cannot be usedto implement a State’s drug testing, sanctioning, and treatment program, States are encouraged to coordinate theirefforts with other agencies to explore available Federal and State resources to assist them in implementing an effectiveprogram.

Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program

Administered by the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local LawEnforcement Assistance Program places emphasis on violent and drug-related crime and serious offenders and onfostering multi-jurisdictional and multi-State efforts to support national drug-control priorities. Byrne Formula GrantProgram funding may be used to implement programs that carry out any of 26 legislatively authorized purposes,including programs to identify and meet the treatment needs of adult and juvenile drug- and alcohol-dependentoffenders and to provide for the identification, assessment, treatment, case management, and monitoring of drug-dependent offenders. In FY 1997, $500 million was appropriated for the Byrne Formula Grant Program.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Formula Grant Program

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) awards Part B formula grants to assist Statesand units of local government with the development of more effective education, training, research, prevention,diversion, treatment, and rehabilitation programs in the area of juvenile delinquency and programs to improve thejuvenile justice system. The FY 1998 appropriation for this program was $201 million.


Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant Program

In FY 1998, OJJDP received an appropriation of $250 million for the newly created Juvenile Accountability IncentiveBlock Grant (JAIBG) Program. The program is designed to address the growing problem of juvenile crime byencouraging accountability-based reforms at the State and local level. Funds are made available to States, based oneach State’s comparable juvenile population. Each State is required to distribute not less than 75 percent of itsallocation among units of local government, based on a combination of law enforcement expenditures and UniformCrime Report (UCR) Part 1 violent crimes. Funds may be used in 12 program purpose areas, including funding toimplement a State or local policy of controlled substance testing for appropriate categories of juveniles within thejuvenile justice system.

Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) Block Grant Program

Located within the Department of Health and Human Services’ Substance Abuse and Mental Health ServicesAdministration, the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) provides funding to States through SubstanceAbuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) Block Grants to expand and enhance the availability and delivery of qualityaddiction prevention and treatment services. States allocate the funds to cities and counties within their jurisdictionbased on need. As required by Federal law, States allocate funds as follows: 20 percent for primary preventionservices, 35 percent for alcohol treatment services, 35 percent for drug treatment services, maintenance of a baselineof expenditures for services to pregnant women and women with dependent children, and 5 percent for administrationof services. In FY 1998, CSAT was appropriated $1.4 billion for the SAPT Block Grant Program.

The Federal funds described above cannot address all of the offender substance abuse testing and treatment needs inthe States. Each State must establish priorities for these as well as State resources. However, comprehensiveplanning, coordination, and communication on all levels–Federal, State, and local–assist State policymakers in themaking the most effective use of these limited resources in reducing substance abuse and crime. The document thatfollows provides information for each State and Territory on the number of offenders under adult and juvenilecorrectional supervision; implementation of drug testing, sanctions, and treatment policies; and Federal substanceabuse-related resources available to the State.


Notes

1. Remarks by the President on Drug Testing. The Oval Office. January 1998.

2. The National Drug Control Strategy, 1998. The White House. February 1998.

3. Juvenile Arrests 1996. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. November 1997.

Sources for State Data

State Prison and Parol PopulationsThe information on the number of State prison inmates and parolees by State for 1977-1996 were downloaded fromthe Bureau of Justice Statistics’ Internet webpage. The data are collected from State correctional agencies by theBureau of Justice Statistics and reported in its annual publication, Correctional Populations in the United States.

Delinquent Youth in CustodyThe information on the number of Delinquent Youth in Custody for 1985-1995 was provided by the Office of JuvenileJustice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), U.S. Department of Justice. These data are collected by OJJDP andare reported in its publication series, Juveniles Taken into Custody, Statistics Report.

Drug Testing, Sanctions, and Treatment PoliciesThe information on the State drug testing, sanctions, and treatment policies provides a summary of the State effortsto reduce substance abuse among prison inmates and offenders under post-release supervision, as described in the drugtesting, sanctions, and treatment policies submitted by each State and Territory to and approved by the Office ofJustice Programs/Corrections Program Office, U. S. Department of Justice. States were required to have implementeda program of drug testing, sanctions, and treatment by September 1, 1998, in order to continue to qualify for prisonconstruction funds available under the Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth in Sentencing Incentive GrantProgram in FY 1999 and beyond.

Inmates in Drug Treatment ProgramsThe information on the number of State inmates in drug treatment programs on January 1, 1997, was taken from TheCorrections Yearbook, 1997, published by the Criminal Justice Institute, Inc.

Inmate Drug TestsThe information on State inmate drug tests completed in 1996 was taken from The Corrections Yearbook, 1997,published by the Criminal Justice Institute, Inc.


Per Sample Cost of Drug TestsThe information on the per sample cost of drug tests was taken from a survey of State Departments of Correctionsconducted on behalf of the Office of Justice Programs/Corrections Program Office by the Criminal Justice Institute,as reported in the June 1998 Association of State Correctional Administrators’ Newsletter. Forty-five agenciesresponded to the survey, all of which, in one form or another, test inmates for substance abuse. Significant variationsin the cost of drug testing were reported due to the differences in the components which are included in the costfigures. While many agencies reported only the cost of the test materials, other agencies included staff salaries, thecost of shipping, lab supplies, or other costs associated with testing inmates.

Drug Dogs Used in PrisonsThe information on drug dogs used in State prisons was taken from a survey of State Departments of Correctionsissued by the Association of State Correctional Administrators, as reported in their Newsletter dated June 1998.Thirty-nine States responded to the survey and 92.5 percent of the reporting agencies indicated that they currently usedrug dogs for detection, interdiction, and deterrence purposes.

Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoner Formula Grant FundsThe formula grant allocations for each State, the District of Columbia, and Territories for FY 1996-98 were providedby the Office of Justice Programs/Corrections Program Office. The descriptions of how the funds are being used bythe States were taken from their applications for funds.

Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Formula Grant FundsFormula grant allocations for each State, the District of Columbia, and Territories for FY 1996-98 were provided bythe Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), U.S. Department of Justice. The corrections-related subgrant informationwas provided by BJA from the Individual Project Reports (IPR) that are submitted by the States when subgrantawards are made. Since the States are allowed three years to make awards from each formula grant award, a programthat was funded with FY 1996 funds may still be continued with FY 1997 funds. Data for FY 1998 is incompleteand is therefore not included.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Program and Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block GrantFundsBlock grant allocations for each State, the District of Columbia, and Territories for FY 1996-98 were provided bythe Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant FundsBlock grant allocations for each State, the District of Columbia, and Territories for FY 1996-98 were provided bythe Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Description ofState Efforts to Reduce

Substance AbuseAmong Offenders


Prisonpopulationincreased

292.3%

Parolepopulationincreased

168.7%

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

20000

24000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Alabama Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

The number of juvenile delinquentsconfined in State facilities rose 60.1%between 1985 and 1995.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Alabama

Drug Testing, Sanctions, andTreatment Policies

Alabama’s drug testing policy for adult institutionsand for the Board of Pardons and Parole satisfies all ofthe mandatory criteria. The Board will implement azero-tolerance policy through targeted and randomtesting of parolees, identification of offenders withabuse problems, assessment of needs, treatmentreferrals and graduated sanctions. The Department ofCorrections is committed to a drug-free environmentwith inmates subject to drug testing at any time. Drugtesting, sanctions, and treatment are used to ensurezero tolerance. Testing may be initiated in response toan event, suspected use, participation in treatment,follow-up to previous positive tests, or direction fromthe warden. Surveillance is conducted for bothsecurity and treatment purposes.


1,555 Inmates in drug treatment programson January 1, 1997

46,703 Inmate drug tests completed in 1996

$1-$1.30 The per sample cost of drug tests

N/A Drug dogs used in Alabama prisons

Federal Resources That CouldSupport Substance AbusePrograms for Offenders

Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for StatePrisoners (RSAT) grant funds (OJP/CPO)

State AwardFY 1996 $ 485,214FY 1997 $ 548,655FY 1998 $1,158,998

The Alabama Department of Corrections will useRSAT funds to expand its prison-based program forchronic drug users. The program will include a6-month, three-phased residential substance abusetreatment program integrating the existing basic andtherapeutic community components, adding a 6-monthresidential aftercare phase as a transitional step intothe community and creating 150 additional treatmentbeds at designated prison and work release sites.Funds also are being used to implement 15 treatmentunits with seven prisons. These projects were initiatedwith FY 1996 and FY 1997 funds.

Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local LawEnforcement Assistance Formula Grant fundsawarded to the States that may be used for testingand treatment programs for offenders (BJA)

Substance AbuseState Award Programs

FY 1996 $7,737,323 $250,830FY 1997 $8,106,864 $258,828FY 1998 $8,160,000 N/A

The Alabama Department of Corrections receivedByrne formula grant subawards in the amounts of$250,830 in FY 1996 and $258,828 in 1997 for aRelapse/Aftercare Treatment Program.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention(JJDP) Program and Juvenile AccountabilityIncentive Block Grant (JAIBG) funds awarded tothe States that may be used for juvenile offenderdrug treatment and/or testing programs (OJJDP)

State AwardJJDP FY 1996 $ 970,000

FY 1997 $1,214,900 FY 1998 $1,358,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $3,756,600

Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment BlockGrant funds awarded to the States that may beused for offender treatment and/or aftercareprograms (CSAT)

State AwardFY 1996 $17,021,620FY 1997 $18,766,069FY 1998 $18,766,069


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Alaska Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

365.1%


372.6%

0

100

200

300

400

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Alaska



Alaska’s Department of Corrections has responsibilityfor institutions as well as for community corrections.The drug testing program requires that 5 percent of theinmate population be tested each month as well asregular urinalysis screening of prisoners returning fromtemporary leave. Inmates whose custody status permitsgreater access to contraband must submit to routinetesting. Access to treatment is by written request orreferral by a treatment counselor. Parolees andprobationers in each district are tested randomly onceevery three months using a computer-generated list. Inaddition, parolees may be tested if ordered by the courtor Parole Board, if participating in treatment, or forcause. Sanctions for positive tests range from a writtenor verbal warning to reassessing an offender’ssupervision level. Repeated violations may result infull revocation. Case supervision plans are developedfor each offender which include a variety of treatmentinterventions ranging from drug education classes toresidential treatment.


N/A Inmates in drug treatment programs onJanuary 1, 1997


N/A The per sample cost of drug tests

N/A Drug dogs used in Alaska prisons



State AwardFY 1996 $133,887FY 1997 $154,682FY 1998 $338,428

The Department of Public Safety, Division of AlaskaState Troopers, intends to subaward FY 1996-98 grantfunds to the Department of Corrections for a 60-bedtherapeutic community in Valdez. Plans are currentlyunderway to retrofit one wing of a former mentalinstitution with the 60-bed housing unit and attendantprogram and administrative support facilities. TheDepartment of Corrections will operate the therapeuticcommunity and utilize the hospital's kitchen andlaundry services under a long-term lease agreementwith the city.



FY 1996 $2,153,324 $ 88,165FY 1997 $2,245,865 $139,117FY 1998 $2,242,000 N/A

The Alaska Department of Corrections received Byrneformula grant funds in the amounts of $88,165 in FY1996 and $107,944 in 1997 for an Enhanced ProbationProgram. Grant funds were also allocated to aSubstance Abuse Intervention Project in the amount of$31,173 in FY 1997.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP)Program and Juvenile Accountability IncentiveBlock Grant (JAIBG) funds awarded to the Statesthat may be used for juvenile offender drugtreatment and/or testing programs (OJJDP)


FY 1997 $ 645,000FY 1998 $ 669,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,605,800

Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment BlockGrant funds awarded to the States that may be usedfor offender treatment and/or aftercare programs(CSAT)



0

10000

20000

30000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Arizona Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

596.6%


293.5%

The number of juvenile delinquentsconfined in State facilities fell 29.3%between 1985 and 1995.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Arizona


The Arizona Department of Corrections has a well-established and comprehensive system of drug testing,sanctions, and treatment for its institutional and post-release supervision populations reflected in policies thatmaintain zero tolerance for illegal drug use. Emphasisis placed on targeted testing of inmates who have drugconvictions, those who are suspected of illegal druguse, inmates who exhibit abnormal behavior, inmatesreturning from leave, and inmates involved in drugtreatment programs. Those not targeted for testing arerandomly selected for testing from a computergenerated list. Testing is done at each facility bycertified staff. Parole officers and supervisors mayrequest a urine sample from any offender under activesupervision at any time reasonable suspicion exists.Offenders in treatment programs are tested monthly.Sanctions are imposed according to a matrix thatcontains a variety of sanctions depending on thenumber of positive test results an offender has had.


2,628 Inmates in drug treatment programs onJanuary 1, 1997


$6.80 The per sample cost of drug tests

N/A Drug dogs used in Arizona prisons




The Arizona Criminal Justice Commission (ACJC)subawarded a portion of FY 1996 and FY 1997 grantfunds to the Arizona Department of JuvenileCorrections to create a residential substance abusetreatment program at the Catalina Mountain School inPhoenix. ACJC has extended invitations to all 15counties in the State as well as the Department ofCorrections and Department of Juvenile Corrections toapply for FY 1998 RSAT grant funds. Two agenciesresponded: the Arizona Department of JuvenileCorrections applied for a continuation of the CatalinaMountain School Project, and the Maricopa CountySheriff's Department applied for a new residentialsubstance abuse treatment program for inmates whomeet the RSAT criteria. A committee comprised ofhealth and criminal justice agencies throughout theState made recommendations to ACJC for finalapproval.



FY 1996 $7,514,323 $0FY 1997 $8,050,865 $0FY 1998 $8,410,000 N/A

Arizona did not allocate any Byrne formula grant fundsfor substance abuse treatment programs in FY 1996 orFY 1997.


State AwardJJDP FY 1996 $1,023,000

FY 1997 $1,341,000 FY 1998 $1,450,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $3,934,500





270.1%


130.8%

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Arkansas Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Arkansas



The Arkansas Department of Corrections’ policybecame effective on July 1, 1998. The policy hascomplied with all required elements. It links positivedrug tests to denial or revocation of release, and itidentifies access to institutional and community-basedtreatment and intervention programming. The drugtesting policy for field services (probation/parole) andresidential services (community punishment services)was provided by the Arkansas Department ofCommunity Punishment and satisfies the requiredelements. The policy details the Department’s OffenderReferral Program manual, which provides informationon treatment programs and responses to continued druguse.





80 Drug dogs used in Arkansas prisons




The Arkansas Department of Finance andAdministration intends to use FY 1998 RSAT grantfunds to expand treatment programs in the ArkansasState Prison System. The treatment modality is aComprehensive Substance Abuse Treatment Programcombined with a Modified Therapeutic Community. Itis expected that a minimum of 120 male inmates will betreated yearly. FY 1996 and FY 1997 funds weresubgranted for a 6-month alcohol and drug treatmentprogram for 150 inmates at the Tucker Unit facility.



FY 1996 $5,008,324 $112,503FY 1997 $5,265,865 $216,378FY 1998 $5,313,000 N/A

The Arkansas Department of Corrections receivedByrne formula grant funds in the amounts of $36,842in FY 1996 and $65,521 in FY 1997 for a SubstanceAbuse Identification & Diversion project. TheArkansas Department of Community Punishmentreceived grant funds in the amounts of $75,661 in FY1996 and $103,406 in FY 1997 for a CommunityAftercare Project. The Arkansas 6th District JuvenileCourt received grant funds in the amount of $50,451 inFY 1997 for a Juvenile Supervision and RestitutionProgram.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP)Program and Juvenile Accountability IncentiveBlock Grant (JAIBG) funds awarded to the Statesthat may be used form juvenile offender drugtreatment and/or testing programs (OJJDP)


FY 1997 $ 753,000FY 1998 $ 849,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $2,751,200




0

50000

100000

150000

200000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

California Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

644.3%


469.3%


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995California

Drug Testing, Sanctions, andTreatment Drug Policies

The California Youth and Adult Correctional Agencyextensively revised its existing drug testing policies,including a State administrative law change, to fullycomply with all required policy elements. The Statealso complied with a majority of the recommendedpolicy elements. Each institution is required todesignate a drug testing coordinator who is responsiblefor ensuring the procedural operation of the drugtesting policies. Inmates found guilty of a rule violationrelated to drug use are placed on the mandatory randomdrug testing list and are subject to increased testing,regardless of the recency of the inmate’s last test.





2 Drug dogs used in California prisons

Federal Resources That CouldSupport Substance Abuse Programfor Offenders



The California Office of Criminal Justice Planning(OCJP) intends to use FY 1998 grant funds to continueand expand adult and juvenile residential treatmentprograms implemented by the Department ofCorrections and the California Youth Authority withRSAT funds from FY 1996 and FY 1997. Two of thefour programs operating with RSAT funds will expandthe number of persons served in FY 1998. The Vistaprogram in San Diego will increase from 40 to 80 thenumber of adult males receiving treatment. TheCorcoran Facility also plans to increase the number ofparticipants it serves. In addition to increasing the number of offendersserved, OCJP will issue a Request for Proposals tosolicit local agency participation in the RSAT program.Agencies must meet the requirements of the RSATprogram as well as criteria established by OCJP.Agencies that demonstrate an ability to provideaftercare services will be given priority.



FY 1996 $49,789,323 $1,768,369FY 1997 $52,006,864 $1,385,927FY 1998 $52,716,000 N/A

Three county Intensive Supervision Probation andParole Programs received Byrne formula grant funds inthe amounts of $1,085,075 in FY 1996 and $1,385,927in FY 1997. The Department of Correction’s WaldenHouse Community Aftercare project received grantfunds in the amount of $500,000 FY 1996. TheCounty of Contra Costa also received grant funds in theamount of $183,294 in FY 1996 for a Regional Anti-Drug Program.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP)Program and Juvenile Accountability IncentiveBlock Grant (JAIBG) funds awarded to the Statesthat may be used form juvenile offender drugtreatment and/or testing programs (OJJDP)

State AwardJJDP FY 1996 $ 7,790,000

FY 1997 $ 9,883,500 FY 1998 $11,180,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $22,539,000




0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Colorado Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

433.8%


59.1%


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Colorado


The Colorado Department of Corrections has separatepolicies for institutions, community corrections, andparole that comply with all the required and most of therecommended elements. The Department ofCorrections has a well-established continuum of drugtreatment services available to inmates and supportsincreased urinalysis testing of inmates involved in anyof its treatment programs. Random testing is done on10 percent of the total alcohol and drug servicesprogram population at each facility each month.Referral to treatment can be done by the DenverReception and Diagnostic Center at intake or by theclassification committee for a variety of reasonsincluding positive drug tests. Random drug testing isdone on 25 percent of all inmates annually. Offendersassigned to any community corrections program aretested twice per month. All offenders submit to testingprior to exiting a community corrections program.Parolees are tested within the first 30 days, randomly atleast once after 61 days and before 6 months, andannually for the duration of parole.


975 Inmates in drug treatment programs onJanuary 1, 1997



4 Drug dogs used in Colorado prisons




The Colorado Department of Public Safety, Division ofCriminal Justice (DCJ), intends to initiate a competitiveannouncement of availability of funds for thedistribution of FY 1998 grant funds to State agenciesand local units of government, similar to the processused for FY 1996 and FY 1997 funds. DCJ will followthe same procedures it has in the past for awardingfunds. Priority will be given to programs thatdemonstrate the ability to implement a drug testingprogram, provide relapse prevention and aftercareservices, and participate in a State evaluation project.DCS also funded a therapeutic community with FY1996-97 funds.



FY 1996 $6,867,324 $1,191,991FY 1997 $7,293,865 $1,304,698FY 1998 $7,433,000 N/A

The Colorado Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division,University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, andtwo counties received Byrne formula grant funds in theamounts of $651,803 in FY 1996 and $945,033 in FY1997 for the Colorado Substance Abuse OffenderTreatment Programs. The Colorado Alcohol andDrug Abuse Division’s Diagnosis and TreatmentCenter for Female Offenders project also received grantfunds in the amounts of $159,015 in FY 1996 and$184,015 in 1997. The Colorado DOC and DistrictAttorney’s Office for the 11th Judicial District alsoreceived grant funds in the amounts of $331,381 in FY1996 and $175,650 in FY 1997 for Case ManagementPrograms and Tools for Special Populations.



FY 1997 $1,103,000FY 1998 $1,258,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $3,567,400





385.0%

Parolepopulationdecreased

62.8%0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Connecticut Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

100

200

300

400

500

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Connecticut


Connecticut’s program of drug testing, sanctions, andtreatment is integrated across four agencies: theDepartment of Correction, the Board of Parole, theJudicial Office of Adult Probation, and the JudicialOffice of Alternative Sanctions. Each agency hasdeveloped policies and procedures to target appropriateoffenders for drug testing, including both random andfor-cause testing. In addition, the agencies havearticulated available treatment resources and theimposition of graduated sanctions. The goals of theDepartment of Correction’s testing program areenhanced public, staff, and offender safety; offenderaccountability; institutional security; and reducedsubstance abuse.

The Department of Correction’s goal is to completerandom drug tests for 5 percent of the institutionalpopulation per month. Every parolee under Board ofParole supervision is subject to random urinalysistesting at least once every 3 months.



N/A Inmate drug tests completed in 1996


20 Drug dogs used in Connecticut prisons

Federal Resources That CouldSupport Substance Abuse Programfor Offenders



The Connecticut Office of Policy and Management intendsto use FY 1998 RSAT funds in addition to FY 1996 andFY 1997 funds to continue support residential drugtreatment in three State correctional facilities: MansonYouth Institution, York Correctional Institution, andOsborn Correctional Institution. Seven staff positions willbe added at three sites to expand existing services. Inaddition, funds will be used to expand halfway houseresidential drug treatment capacity from 15 to 23 beds.Halfway house programming will be from 6 to 12 monthsin duration.

Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local LawEnforcement Assistance Formula Grant fundsawarded to the States that may be used fortesting and treatment programs for offenders(BJA)


FY 1996 $6,278,324 $0FY 1997 $6,535,865 $0FY 1998 $6,547,000 N/A

Connecticut did not allocate any Byrne formulagrant funds for substance abuse treatment in theFY 1996 or 1997.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention(JJDP) Program and Juvenile AccountabilityIncentive Block Grant (JAIBG) funds awardedto the States that may be used for juvenileoffender drug treatment and/or testingprograms (OJJDP)


FY 1997 $ 897,000 FY 1998 $1,006,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $3,085,200

Substance Abuse Prevention and TreatmentBlock Grant funds awarded to the States thatmay be used for offender treatment and/oraftercare programs (CSAT)




315.4%


77.5%0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Delaware Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

100

200

300

400

500

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Delaw are


Delaware has developed policies and procedures thatmeet all required elements for both corrections inmatesand parolees. The Department of Correction conductsboth random and for-cause testing, and has recentlybegun testing to establish a systemwide baselinemeasurement. Each positive drug test results in adisciplinary action, for which a sanction is imposedaccording to established Department procedure. TheDepartment operates a comprehensive array oftreatment services, including assessment, education,residential treatment, and aftercare. For individualsunder post-release supervision, the policy defines howdrug testing occurs and which sanctions are to beimposed.





4 Drug dogs used in Delaware prisons




The Delaware Criminal Justice Council subgranted FY1996-98 RSAT funds to the Delaware Department ofCorrection to expand its substance abuse treatmentunits. Grant funds will be used to provide 10additional beds at the Crest Program. A total of eightnew counselor positions will be established to expandservices at the New Hope and Passageway programs.Additional grant funds will be used for drug testing ofprogram participants and administrative expenses.



FY 1996 $2,308,324 $0FY 1997 $2,428,865 $0FY 1998 $2,434,000 N/A

Delaware did not allocate any Byrne formula grantfunds for substance abuse programs in the FY 1996 orFY 1997.



FY 1997 $ 642,000FY 1998 $ 666,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,585,600





234.4%


441.0%0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

D.C. Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

The number of juvenile delinquentsconfined in State facilities fell 23% between1985 and 1995.

0

100

200

300

400

500

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995District of Columbia


The District of Columbia has revised its policies forboth corrections inmates and parolees to meet allrequired elements. The Department of Correctionspolicy provides for both random and for-cause testingand contains a comprehensive description of sanctions,especially for inmates participating in treatmentprograms. The Office of Court Services and OffenderSupervision prepared the submission for post-releasesupervision. The submission described in detail theconditions under which parolees are tested, how andwhen sanctions are imposed, and how parolees mayaccess treatment services. The District of Columbiahas indicated a strong commitment to implementingthese programs, even in the midst of significant changesin its criminal justice system.





N/A Drug dogs used in D.C. prisons




The District of Columbia Office of GrantsManagement and Development is using its FY 1996-98 RSAT funds to enhance treatment services withinthe 20-bed therapeutic community for juvenileoffenders at Oak Hill Youth Center. Preliminaryassessment data indicates that most youth in theprogram exhibit significant educational deficits andsuffer from a variety of psychological problems. Toaddress these needs, grant funding will be used to addthe following staff to the program: a full-time ClinicalServices Director, a part-time Clinical Psychologist,two full-time Special Education Teachers, a full-timeRecreation Therapist, and a full-time ProgramSpecialist to provide interagency coordinationservices. These staff will provide services exclusivelyto participants in the grant-funded program.



FY 1996 $2,098,324 $0FY 1997 $2,166,865 $0FY 1998 $2,139,000 N/A

The District of Columbia did not allocate any Byrneformula grant funds for substance abuse treatmentprograms in the FY 1996 or 1997.



FY 1997 $ 627,000FY 1998 $ 641,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,425,400




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Florida


224.6%


80.2%0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Florida Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996



Florida submitted institution and community super-vision drug testing policies for the Department ofCorrections and the Parole Commission. A drugtesting program for inmates participating in drugtreatment programs and those suspected of beinginvolved with drugs has been established. Floridauses a system that recommends to the sentencingauthority graduated responses to continued drug use.

Based on its "Drug Free Corrections Act," theDepartment of Corrections established a policy forrandom drug and alcohol testing of inmates andoffenders by urinalysis in 1992. The Department alsotests inmates and offenders participating in treatmentprograms and "for cause" based on suspicion ofinvolvement with drugs.

The program holds offenders accountable for theirbehavior by identifying abusers, providing treatment,and deterring offenders. Florida is committed to azero-tolerance policy for substance abuse.





4 Drug dogs used in Florida prisons




The Florida Department of Community Affairs isusing FY 1996-98 RSAT grant funds to expand themental health and drug treatment services for inmatesin State correctional facilities and county correctionalfacilities. In FY 1998, it also intends to continue theprogram model targeting offenders diagnosed withdual disorders at the Zephyrhills CorrectionalInstitution, an 80-bed program for adult males, andJefferson County Institution, a 40-bed program foradult females.



FY 1996 $22,779,323 $7,583,398FY 1997 $24,025,864 $7,623,063FY 1998 $24,505,000 N/A

The Department of Corrections received $3,353,320 in

FY 1996 and in FY 1997 for a Probation and ParoleSecure Drug Treatment Program. The Department ofCorrections also received $1,218,906 in FY 1996 and$1,383,464 in FY 1997 for its State Corrections TierTreatment Program. Four awards totaling $343,520 inFY 1996 and $311,791 in FY 1997 were made tocounties for Programs to Improve CorrectionsTreatment. Fifteen Local Offender CommunityTreatment Programs were awarded $1,385,148 in FY1996 and 17 received $1,212,508 in FY 1997. Threelocal agencies received awards totaling $290,191 inFY 1996, and five received $531,950 in FY 1997 forJuvenile Assessment Center Programs. Elevencounties received $1,174,538 in FY 1996 and sevenreceived $830,030 in FY 1997 for Drug CourtTreatment Programs.



FY 1997 $3,789,000 FY 1998 $4,316,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $9,414,600





192.5%


498.5%0

8000

16000

24000

32000

40000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Georgia Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Georgia


Georgia submitted a drug testing policy for the Statecorrectional facilities, parole, and for court-orderedcommunity probation. These policies and proceduresinclude random, targeted, and for-cause testing, with


each type of testing or a combination of the typesapplied appropriately to the risk level of the offenderunder supervision. All three policies requiregraduated interventions including discipline,treatment, and other sanctions. The policies satisfy allof the mandatory criteria.




N/A Drug dogs used in Georgia prisons




The Georgia Criminal Justice Coordinating Councilintends to use FY 1998 RSAT grant funds to continueand enhance the RSAT programs implemented withFY 1996 and FY 1997 funds in four prison sites acrossthe State. The programs will treat 96 female and 542males annually. Funds also may be used to establishan RSAT program in one or more local jails.



FY 1996 $12,119,323 $690,791FY 1997 $12,840,864 $935,750 FY 1998 $13,131,000 N/A


Georgia’s Department of Children and Youth Servicesand three counties received Byrne formula grant fundsin the amounts of $329,246 in FY 1996 and $269,325in FY 1997 for the Juvenile Offender TreatmentPrograms. The State Board of Pardons and Paroles’sAdult Offender Treatment Program received grantfunds in the amounts of $339,967 in FY 1996 and$545,300 in 1997. The Bibb County Board ofCommissioners’s Drug Court Program also receivedByrne formula grant funds in the amounts of $21,578in FY 1996 and $29,165 in 1997. The Crisp CountyBoard of Commissioner’s Drug Diversion Programreceived grant funds in the amount of $91,960 in FY1997.



FY 1997 $2,162,000FY 1998 $2,462,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $5,868,800




0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Hawaii Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

624.0%


233.9%


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Haw aii


The Hawaii Department of Public Safety has had drugtesting policies in place since 1989. The policies andprogram were updated to comply with the drug testingrequirements. The target number of random testsconducted each month equals 5 percent of the inmatepopulation count on the first of the month. All testingis done by trained operators at each facility. Inmates intreatment are tested according to the level of treatment.Participants in the therapeutic community are testedtwice each month. Inmates in community-basedprograms are tested at least once per month. Anyinmate who tests positive is subject to sanctioning thatescalates in severity according to the number of positivetest results a person has had. In addition, persons whotest positive must have the results of their SubstanceAbuse Assessment Instrument reviewed by their casemanager and be assessed again if deemed necessary.




$24 The per sample cost of drug tests

N/A Drug dogs used in Hawaii prisons




The Department of the Attorney General, CrimePrevention and Justice Assistance Division, intends touse FY 1998 RSAT grant funds to expand from 34 to70 the number of offenders who receive residentialsubstance abuse treatment services at Laumaka, thepre-release center at the Oahu CommunityCorrectional Center designated for the RSAT program.Project Bridge, as the program is called, is designed toprovide structured substance abuse treatment servicesfor offenders with six to 12 months remaining on theirsentences. The program was implemented in February1998 with FY 1996 and 1997 RSAT grant funds.



FY 1996 $2,705,400 $ 92,000FY 1997 $2,833,200 $489,539FY 1998 $3,173,000 N/A

The Hawaii First Circuit District Court received$92,000 in FY 1996 for a Substance Abuse TreatmentProgram. The Hawaii Paroling Authority received$65,139 in FY 1997 for Alternatives to Incarceration.The Hawaii Department of Public Safety also received$424,400 in FY 1997 for Alternatives to Incarceration.



FY 1997 $ 673,000 FY 1998 $ 716,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,900,300





395.1%


51.1%0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Idaho Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Idaho



The Idaho Department of Corrections has a single drugtesting policy that covers both institutions and fieldservices. Offenders are selected for random urinalysistesting according to a computer program designed andgenerated by the Management Information Systemsoffice to arbitrarily select no less than five percent ofthe Field and Community Services population and 2.5percent of the total institutional population. Randomtesting is done monthly. Offenders have access toavailable institutional and community-based treatmentprograms. Participants are selected for programs ifthey have been determined to have a substance abuseproblem, as a condition of probation/parole, when anoffender’s behavior is unusual or inconsistent withpreviously observed behavior, or when a positive drugtest occurs. Sanctions increase in severity with eachpositive drug test.





N/A Drug dogs used in Idaho prisons




The Idaho Department of Law Enforcement (IDLE)intends to use FY 1998 RSAT grant funds to continueand expand the RSAT program at the Southern IdahoCorrectional Institution, the first therapeuticcommunity in the State's prison system. The programbegan accepting inmates in May 1997. Forty-eightinmates are active in the program at any given time.With the additional funding in FY 1998, the IDLE isconsidering expanding services to two therapeuticcommunities in State correctional institutions inOrofino and Pocatello.



FY 1996 $2,968,324 $662,363FY 1997 $3,144,865 $652,531FY 1998 $3,182,000 N/A

The Idaho Department of Corrections received$548,374 in FY 1996 and $644, 475 in FY 1997 for aReception and Diagnostic Unit, Day ReportingProgram, Substance Abuse Coordinators, CriminalJustice Substance Abuse Specialists, and ContractTreatment Services. Blaine and Madison CountyJuvenile Probation Departments received $100,932 forSubstance Abuse Treatment Programs. The IdahoMigrant Council received $90,656 in FY 1996 for anEducation and Treatment Program. Ada Countyreceived $23,333 for a Substance Abuse Program and$26,794 for a Weekend Detention Program in FY1996 and $86,465 in FY 1997 for a Day ReportingProgram.



FY 1997 $ 682,000FY 1998 $ 731,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $2,001,500




0

8000

16000

24000

32000

40000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Illinois Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

230.5%


252.4%

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Illinois



Illinois explains within its policies and procedures theimpact of drug usage on sentence length, revocation,treatment responses, and sanctions. Illinois satisfiedall mandatory elements by providing writteninstructions for all staff, so that they can identifyinmates under the influence of illegal drugs,unauthorized amounts of prescription or over-the-counter medications, and alcohol. Its guidelines alsoclarified the requirements for progressive discipline,interventions, and treatment. Through the establish-ment of these guidelines, Illinois has established aminimum percentage of all inmates to be testedannually. The minimum percentages will remain ineffect permanently, unless changed in writing by thedirector. The testing includes reasonable suspicion,random testing, and periodic testing.





10 Drug dogs used in Illinois prisons




Illinois used FY 1996 and FY 1997 grant funds toimplement residential substance abuse programs inselected correctional facilities. FY 1998 RSAT grantfunds will be used to expand programming foroffenders in State or local correctional facilities. Statelevel efforts will continue and expand on theimplementation of a completed plan for treatment andcommunity reintegration of substance abusingoffenders that was initiated with FY 1996 RSATfunds. A local-level project will be continued at theCook County Department of Corrections.



FY 1996 $19,378,323 $1,150,163FY 1997 $20,274,864 $0FY 1998 $20,384,000 N/A

The Illinois Department of Corrections received Byrneformula grant funds in the amount of $395,403 for aDay Reporting Program and $629,760 for an OffenderEducation Treatment and Release Program in FY1996. The County of Winnebago received grant fundsin the amount of $125,000 for a Juvenile DayReporting/Evening Assessment Program in FY 1996.



FY 1997 $3,514,000 FY 1998 $3,979,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $8,770,400





266.1%


86.2%0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

18000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Indiana Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Indiana


Indiana satisfied all required institutional and parolerequirements. Based on its revamped policies, Indianahas established a stronger treatment response toincidents of positive urinalysis. In addition, Indianahas more closely linked its increased sanctions to thenumber of drug offenses for offenders undersupervision. It is anticipated that 7,800 offenders willbe tested annually in facilities systemwide. Thefrequency of drug testing also will be increased as anintegral part of the treatment process.





N/A Drug dogs used in Indiana prisons




FY 1996 and FY 1997 RSAT funds were subawardedto the Indiana Department of Corrections to supportthe development a 6-12 month residential substanceabuse treatment program. The Indiana CriminalJustice Institute will provide a program plandescribing the planned use of FY 1998 grant funds.



FY 1996 $10,106,323 $0FY 1997 $10,596,864 $631,340FY 1998 $10,690,000 N/A

The Indiana Department of Corrections receivedByrne formula grant funds in the amount of $608,841in FY 1997 for a treatment program. The PorterCounty Sheriff’s Department also received grant fundsin the amount of $22,499 in FY1997 for a treatmentprogram for adult and juvenile offenders.



FY 1997 $1,671,000FY 1998 $1,890,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $4,774,300




0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Iowa Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

193.6%


248.7%


0

100

200

300

400

500

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Iow a


Iowa’s drug testing, sanctions, and treatment policiesare in compliance with the Congressional requirement.Iowa’s institutional drug testing policies ensure that allpersons under the control of the Department ofCorrections are subject to testing for substancesregulated by their Code, including, but not limited to,alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, cannabinoids,cocaine, and opiates. Not less than 5 percent of theentire inmate population will be randomly selected fortesting on a monthly basis. Also, inmates in substanceabuse treatment are subject to testing upon enteringtreatment and as a condition of successful programcompletion. Policies for community corrections aredefined by Judicial Districts. To expand its residentialdrug treatment capabilities, Iowa will use its FY 1998RSAT grant for three new projects providing servicesto a total of 79 adult and juvenile offenders.





12 Drug dogs used in Iowa prisons




Iowa proposes to use the FY 1998 RSAT grant to fundnew residential substance abuse treatment programsat the Waterloo Residential Facility (First JudicialDistrict, Department of Correctional Services), theState Training School for adolescent males, and theIowa Juvenile Home, which will annually provideresidential substance abuse treatment for 17 juvenilefemales. Iowa has used previous RSAT funding toexpand the treatment capability of their existing 160-bed residential treatment program at the ClarindaFacility by an additional 80 beds. FY 1998 grantfunds will assist in continuing this project.



FY 1996 $5,589,324 $ 990,937FY 1997 $5,840,865 $1,115,297FY 1998 $5,865,000 N/A

The Iowa Intensive Supervision and Inmate TreatmentJuvenile Offenders Program received Byrne formulagrant funds in the amount of $239,783 in FY 1996.The ISP & Inmate Treatment Adult OffendersProgram received grant funds in the amounts of$381,204 in FY 1996 and $415,350 in 1997. TheSubstance Abuse Treatment for Adult Offenders &Juvenile Offenders received grant funds in theamounts of $175,824 in FY 1996 and $661,038 in FY1997. The Evaluation of State Drug ControlActivities Program received grant funds in the amountof $13,958 in FY 1996. The 5th Judicial Districtreceived $180,168 in FY 1996. The Men’sReformatory received $155,369 in FY 1996, and FiveJudicial Districts received $230,639 in FY 1996 and inFY 1997 for Youthful Offender Programs.



FY 1997 $ 815,000 FY 1998 $ 907,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $2,895,700





245.2%


409.2%0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Kansas Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

0

200

400

600

800

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Kansas



Kansas’ policies and procedures are in compliance withthe congressional requirement for drug testing,sanctions, and treatment. Its strong commitment todrug-free institutions and community corrections isevident in their policy to ensure public safety. Allincarcerated offenders are subject to drug testing, withat least 5 percent of each facility’s inmate populationrandomly tested based on a computer-generated listing.Offenders receiving treatment in therapeuticcommunities or in intermediate inpatient treatmentprograms are tested at least once per month. All othertreatment programs require that offenders are tested atleast once every 120 days. Kansas’ program to testoffenders, combined with appropriate sanctions andtreatment is designed to provide an effective means ofsuppressing drug use, drug trafficking, and drug-related infractions. Offenders testing positive for theuse of illicit drugs are assessed a fee payable to theKansas Department of Corrections for the cost of theirtest.





15 Drug dogs used in Kansas prisons




FY 1996 and FY 1997 RSAT funds were used toimplement a therapeutic community at the LarnedJuvenile Correctional Facility. Kansas intends to useFY 1998 RSAT funds to continue the therapeuticcommunity at Larned and to implement a therapeuticcommunity at the Winfield Correctional Facility. TheWinfield project will enable Kansas inmates, classifiedas minimum custody, to have the opportunity toconfront their substance abuse problems. Proposedmodules of treatment include: orientation,interpersonal skills, self-change, group counseling,individual counseling, transitional issues, wellness,substance abuse education, relapse prevention, a drugspecific module, and criminal lifestyles. The projectwill provide 65-70 treatment beds.



FY 1996 $5,164,324 $ 65,446FY 1997 $5,396,865 $1,013,764FY 1998 $5,414,000 N/A

The Larned Mental Health Facility received Byrneformula grant funds in the amount of $8,025 in FY1996 for a Dually Diagnosed Offenders Program. The8th Judicial District Community Corrections receivedgrant funds in the amount of $57,421 for the ImprovedDrug Control Technology Program in FY 1996. TheJohnson County Sheriff’s Office received $40,654 andthe Kansas Bureau of Investigation received $173,186in FY 1997 for the Improved Drug ControlTechnology Program. The Improving Corrections/Treatment Program received grant funds in the amountof $799,924 in FY 1997.



FY 1997 $ 778,000 FY 1998 $ 867,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $2,818,400


State AwardFY 1996 $ 9,429,088FY 1997 $10,472,687FY 1998 $10,472,687


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Kentucky Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

252.5%


33.9%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Kentucky



The Kentucky Department of Corrections requires thateach warden designate a drug testing coordinator, whois responsible for implementing the drug testingprogram for the facility. All inmates are subject totesting and at least 10 percent of the institutionalpopulation is randomly tested each month. Randomselections are computer generated. Certain inmatesmay be targeted for additional testing including:inmates suspected of unauthorized substance use, livingand working where a pattern of unauthorized substanceis discovered or suspected, and participation in atreatment program. The Department provides a core ofintensive treatment programs that include a 6 monthresidential program at each facility. The treatmentprograms are coordinated with the Division of MentalHealth.


N/A Inmates in drug treatment programson January 1, 1997



N/A Drug dogs used in Kentucky prisons




The Kentucky Justice Cabinet intends to use FY 1998RSAT grant funds for the continuation of the programat the Christian County Jail in western Kentucky, andHardin County Jail in central Kentucky. Theseprograms became operational March 1997, adding 97treatment slots to the system. Also, with FY 1998grant funds, a new 6-month residential treatmentprogram is proposed for the Luther CorrectionalComplex.



FY 1996 $7,131,323 $ 792,369FY 1997 $7,475,865 $1,055,147FY 1998 $7,531,000 N/A

The Kentucky Corrections Depart-ment received grantfunds in the amount of $558,188 in FY 1996 and$553,621 in 1997 for an Aftercare Substance AbuseProgram. The Corrections Department received$122,798 in FY 1997 for an Enhanced CommunitySupervision Project. The Department of JuvenileJustice received $230,000 in FY 1997 for a SubstanceAbuse Intervention/Juveniles Project. The JeffersonCounty Fiscal Court Intensive Supervision Programreceived Byrne formula grant funds in the amount of$67,663 in FY 1996 and $70,723 in 1997. TheUniversity of Kentucky Research Foundation receivedgrant funds in the amount of $166,518 for Diversionsfor Addictions Treatment in FY 1996. The JeffersonCounty Fiscal Court received $48,005 in FY 1997 foran Offender Work Program and the Pike CountyFiscal Court received $30,000 for an Intensive HomeSupervision project.



FY 1997 $1,093,000 FY 1998 $1,221,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $3,496,800





297.8%


794.3%0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Louisiana Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Louisiana


The Louisiana Department of Public Safety andCorrections requires that all positive drug tests are metwith an appropriate sanction and/or treatmentintervention. Testing is conducted monthly on aminimum of five percent of the institutional population.The Department also tests all inmates participating ina treatment program. Through the institution’ssubstance abuse coordinator, inmates are made awareof the availability of all substance abuse programsoffered within the Department. The Division ofProbation and Parole has a policy that all individualsunder its supervision will be free of substance abuse.Incidents of positive tests are met with an appropriatesanction and/or treatment intervention. Allprobationers and parolees are subject to drug testing,and those individuals found to use/abuse illicit drugsand/or alcohol receive counseling and treatment fortheir addictions, and if necessary face more severerestrictions and possible confinement for continuedviolations. A 2-percent random sample of all post-release DOC inmates are tested each month.





20 Drug dogs used in Louisiana prisons




The Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement willuse FY 1998 grant funds to continue the programsbegun with FY 1996 funds at the Concordia ParishCorrectional Facility and at Elayne Hunt CorrectionalCenter. Each facility serves 50 RSAT participants.Funds also will be used to initiate new RSATprograms at the Jetson Correctional Center, SwansonCorrectional Center for Youth, and TallulahCorrectional Center for Youth. The Jetson Correc-tional Center for Youth is a therapeutic communitydesigned to serve 40 male and 50 female juvenileoffenders. The other two programs will be required tofit within the general treatment structure developed forthe programs at Concordia Parish Correctional Facilityand Elayne Hunt Correctional Center. Each facilitywill serve 100 participants.



FY 1996 $7,885,323 $493,843FY 1997 $8,249,865 $497,470FY 1998 $8,285,000 N/A

The Department of Public Safety and Correctionsreceived $70,000 in FY 1996 and $81,666 in FY 1997for a Treatment of Adult Offenders Program.Louisiana made four awards totaling $177,985 in FY1996 and $65,435 to two counties in 1997 forIntensive Supervision Projects. The Lafayette ParishSheriff’s Department received $36,697 in FY 1996and $38,564 in 1997 for a Treatment/CorrectionalFacility Program. The Acadia Parish Sheriff’sDepartment received $20,000 in FY1996 for an In-House Substance Abuse Education Program. Threecounties received $99,497 in FY 1996 and $283,125in 1997 for Treatment of Adult/Juvenile OffendersPrograms. The 24th Judicial District Court received$45,000 in FY 1996 and $37,500 in FY 1997 for DrugCourts. The Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Departmentreceived $44,664 in FY 1996 for a Substance AbuseAfterschool Intervention Program. The 9th JudicialDistrict Court received $6,644 and the NorthwestLouisiana Crime Lab received $24,536 in FY 1997 forDrug Screening Programs.



FY 1997 $1,393,000FY 1998 $1,556,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $4,135,200




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Maine Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

123.9%


91.3%


0

100

200

300

400

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Maine


The Maine Department of Corrections is committed tozero tolerance practices that combat the use of illegaldrugs and alcohol to ensure a more secure, safe, andhealthy living environment. The Department’s drugtesting program is designed to aid in the control ofillegal drugs, to determine the level of drug and alcoholuse by adults in custody or under supervision in the


community, to identify and take appropriate actionagainst individuals currently using drugs, and tomonitor compliance with institutional rules andconditions of probation or parole. The Department hasinstituted both random and for-cause testing, andgraduated sanctions are applied to positive test resultsin accordance with Department disciplinary procedures.


68 Inmates in drug treatment programson January 1, 1997

910 Inmate drug tests completed in 1996


11 Drug dogs used in Maine prisons




The Maine Department of Public Safety intends to useFY 1998 RSAT funds in combination with past yeargrant funds to establish a three-part comprehensivesubstance abuse treatment program. The program willbe a collaboration between the Maine Department ofCorrections, the Office of Substance Abuse Serviceswithin the Department of Mental Health and MentalRetardation, and the Department of Public Safety.The funds will support two types of residentialtreatment: a 12-month residential therapeuticcommunity program at the Charleston CorrectionalFacility and a 6-month transitional substance abuseprogram at the Bangor Pre-Release Center. Inmateswill be placed in the programs according to length ofsentence and assessed need. In addition, a non-residential community aftercare program will beimplemented for all inmates who have completedresidential treatment. This phase of the program willbe entirely State-supported.



FY 1996 $3,133,324 $0FY 1997 $3,270,865 $0FY 1998 $3,269,000 N/A

Maine did not allocate any Byrne formula grant fundsfor substance abuse treatment programs in FY 1996or 1997.



FY 1997 $ 672,000 FY 1998 $ 713,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,883,400





170.6%

Parolepopulationincreased220.0%.

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Parole

Prison

Maryland Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Maryland


The Maryland Department of Public Safety andCorrectional Services is committed to implementing acomprehensive program of drug testing for both itsCorrections and Parole Divisions. Maryland iscurrently implementing its “Break the Cycle” initiative,an ambitious program to integrate public safety andpublic health operations to create a “seamless system”of drug testing, sanctions, and treatment for addictedoffenders throughout the criminal justice system.Under the initiative, every positive urine test or othernon-compliant behavior will be met with a swift,certain, progressive response from the criminal justicesystem and the public health system. The Departmenthas implemented drug testing for institutional and post-release individuals, with sanctions imposed accordingto defined disciplinary procedures.





17 Drug dogs used in Maryland prisons




The Maryland Governor's Office of Crime Control andPrevention intends to use FY 1998 RSAT funds incontinued support of the 550-bed therapeuticcommunity program at the Central Laundry Facility.This facility has been dedicated solely to the treatmentof addicted prisoners. In addition, a counselorposition will be added to Phase II of the therapeuticcommunity program to increase weekend treatmentservices for inmates on work release. Grant funds willalso be used to support a residential therapeuticcommunity for parole violators who are returned tocorrectional custody.



FY 1996 $8,953,323 $1,728,364FY 1997 $9,374,865 $ 968,935FY 1998 $9,448,000 N/A

Maryland awarded $920,576 in FY 1996 and$853,985 in FY 1997 to local agencies for Treatmentin Correctional Facilities and Detention CentersProjects and $217,620 in FY 1996 and $61,798 in FY1997 for Juvenile Treatment in Correctional Facilitiesand Detention Centers Projects. Maryland alsoawarded $32,268 in FY 1996 and $88,116 in 1997 forlocal Alternative Sentencing Programs. Marylandreceived grant funds in the amount of $462,919 in FY1996 for Drug Court programs. The WicomicoCounty Department of Corrections received $94,981in FY 1996 for a Drug Intelligence Program.Maryland also made several awards to localcommunities in FY 1997 for Treatment Coordinationwith Hotspot Communities Programs. Maryland’sPolice and Correctional Training Commissionreceived $13,138 in FY 1997 for the MarylandSubstance Abuse Offender Cross Training InitiativeProject.



FY 1997 $1,430,000FY 1998 $1,622,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $4,262,400





326.3%


35.4%0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Massachusetts Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

100

200

300

400

500

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Massachusetts


The Massachusetts Department of Corrections iscommitted to drug testing, sanctions, and treatment forall inmates under its control. The Departmentmaintains a zero tolerance policy towards substanceabuse and has implemented an aggressive program ofdrug testing. Inmates provide urine and/or breathsamples. If a sample cannot be obtained, the skin patchmethod of testing is used. All incidents of positive drug


and/or alcohol tests result in a disciplinary report, anda scale of graduated sanctions and treatmentinterventions is applied consistent with Departmentdisciplinary regulations. In addition, communitycorrections inmates are generally returned to a highercustody level following a positive drug test. TheMassachusetts Board of Parole has also implementedextensive drug testing, with graduated sanctions appliedto parolees who test positive.




24 Drug dogs used in Massachusettsprisons




The Massachusetts Committee on Criminal Justiceintends to use FY 1998 RSAT funds in continuedsupport of residential substance abuse treatment inState and county correctional facilities. Grant fundswill be used to hire counselors for each county toprovide pre-release planning services for inmates whoare near the end of intensive residential treatment andwho are soon to be released into the community. Staffwill work as part of a residential program that is 6 to12 months in duration and is set apart from the generalpopulation.

In addition, grant funds will be used to hire threeadditional staff for the Department of Correction'sCorrectional Recovery Academy (CRA) Program.These staff will also provide release planning servicesfor individuals nearing the end of their stay inintensive residential treatment. All grant-funded staffwill work exclusively with incarcerated individualswho are participating in residential treatmentprograms.



FY 1996 $ 9,467,100 $187,739FY 1997 $ 9,896,400 $0FY 1998 $11,096,000 N/A

The Department of Corrections received $174,927 forthe Massachusetts Gateway Project. The BristolDistrict Attorney’s Office received Byrne formulagrant funds in the amount of $12,812 in FY 1996 foran Adolescent Intervention Diversion Program.




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Michigan Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


206.3%


182.5%


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Michigan

FY 1997 $1,609,000 FY 1998 $1,793,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $4,589,700

Substance AbuseP r e v e n t i o n a n dTreatment BlockGrant funds awardedto the States that maybe used for offendertreatment and/oraftercare programs(CSAT)

S t a t eAwardFY 1996$29,566,735FY 1997$31,633,006FY 1998 $31,633,006



Michigan’s policies and procedures for testing,treating, and sanctioning offenders have been wellestablished for some time. Michigan’s policies andprocedures are based on the principle of “zerotolerance” for unauthorized or illegal drug use andupon detection, the offender will receive the appropriatesanctions and treatment. Continued drug use results inprogressively more severe sanctions leading up to, andincluding denial of release or revocation of parole. TheState had established a baseline over 10 years agoagainst which it measures substance abuse patterns byinmates. The majority of its institutions randomly test3 percent of its inmates. Where there is a demonstratedneed for enhanced testing, 5.5 percent of all inmates arerandomly tested. Because of their aggressive approachto drug testing and sanctioning, Michigan has been ableto maintain a 1 percent occurrence of substance abuseamong inmates.




22 Drug dogs used in Michigan prisons




The Michigan Office of Drug Control Policy(MODCP) will subaward the FY 1998 RSAT funds tothe Michigan Department of Corrections to expand the44 treatment beds funded under previous RSATgrants. They plan to implement a new RSAT projectin a 120-bed unit of the Carson City facility. Thisproject will target inmates who have a history ofsubstance abuse and are within 12 months of theirearliest release date. MODCP will also provide RSATfunds to the Michigan Office of Juvenile Justice (OJJ)to continue 30 high and medium residential substanceabuse beds at the Maxey Training School and toexpand the number of beds by 40. Grant funds willalso be used to continue 50 treatment beds at three OJJ


facilities. Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local LawEnforcement Assistance Formula Grant fundsawarded to the States that may be used for testingand treatment programs for offenders (BJA)


FY 1996 $15,892,323 $1,129,375FY 1997 $16,611,864 $ 45,643FY 1998 $16,748,000 N/A

Michigan made awards to 11 local jurisdictionstotaling $1,129,375 in FY 1996 and $45,643 inFY 1997 for Zero Tolerance Offender Drug TestingPrograms.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention(JJDP) Program and Juvenile AccountabilityIncentive Block Grant (JAIBG) funds awarded theStates that may be used for juvenile offender drugtreatment and/or testing programs (OJJDP)


FY 1997 $2,832,000FY 1998 $3,199,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $7,278,200





173.9%


18.2%0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Minnesota Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

100

200

300

400

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Minnesota


Minnesota’s drug testing policies and procedurescomply with the Congressional requirements for drugtesting, sanctions, and treatment. The Department ofCorrections conducts drug testing of offenders in bothits institutions and the community, and maintains a zerotolerance for drug use. Each division within theDepartment of Corrections has implemented drugtesting procedures for all adult offenders under theirsupervision which specify the selection of inmates fortesting, testing procedures, drug treatmentinterventions, and appropriate sanctions. Minnesota’spolicy includes the random testing of 5 percent ofinmates, as well as 10 percent of offenders in treatment,on a monthly basis. All positive drug tests result in anappropriate sanction and/or treatment intervention forthe offender.





9 Drug dogs used in Minnesota prisons




The Minnesota Office of Drug Policy and ViolencePrevention intends to subgrant the FY 1998 RSATfunds to the Minnesota Department of Corrections toimplement several new projects in addition tocontinuing the Red Wing RSAT project. The newprojects include the following: substance abuseprogramming for minimum security at the MinnesotaCorrectional Facility at Lino Lakes; substance abuseprogramming for minimum security at the MinnesotaCorrectional Facility at Faribault; victim impactprogramming for four adult male substance abuseprograms at the Minnesota Correctional Facilities atStillwater, St. Cloud, Lino Lakes, and Faribault; hairanalysis to enhance chemical dependency assessments;increased drug testing at current facility treatmentprograms; and a portion of a correction program andpolicy monitor position.

Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local LawEnforcement Assistance Formula Grant fundsawarded to the States that may be used for testingand treatment for offenders (BJA)


FY 1996 $8,274,323 $0FY 1997 $8,679,865 $0FY 1998 $8,780,000 N/A

Minnesota did not allocate any Byrne formula grantfunds for substance abuse treatment programs in FY1996 or 1997.



FY 1997 $1,399,000FY 1998 $1,572,250

JAIBG FY 1998 $4,167,900





392.2%


0.3%

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Mississippi Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Mississippi


It is the policy of the Mississippi Department ofCorrections to control offenders’ unauthorized use andabuse of substances of all types by subjecting alloffenders to drug testing and providing substance abuseintervention programs for offenders with addictionproblems. Any offender may be selected for randomtesting from a computer-generated list. Fifteen percentof the population is randomly selected for testing on amonthly basis. Offenders participating in alcohol anddrug treatment programs are tested at least twice permonth, according to the policies of the treatment center. DOC may utilize tests from private/public treatmentprograms when available. DOC provides incentives fortargeted treatment populations to increase and maintainthe offenders’ motivation for treatment. Referrals forparticipation in alcohol and drug programs may bemade by case managers, the classification committee,court orders, the parole board, security personnel, orself-referral. Offenders who test positive, whether in adrug program or not, are met with sanctions by theDisciplinary Committee.





3 Drug dogs used in Mississippi prisons




The Mississippi Department of Public Safety (MDPS)will use FY 1998 RSAT funds to provide treatmentfor inmates with substance abuse problems and toexpand its efforts to provide treatment to moreinmates. MDPS will make a subgrant to theMississippi Department of Corrections to continue itscurrent pre-release treatment programs at Pike Countyand Quitman County, and to establish three new pre-release substance abuse treatment centers. The MDSPplans to fund at least one local correctional facilitysubstance abuse treatment program.



FY 1996 $5,341,324 $149,957FY 1997 $5,608,865 $149,975FY 1998 $5,646,800 N/A

The Mississippi Department of Corrections receivedByrne formula grant funds in the amount of $149,957in both FY 1996 and 1997 for a Correctional DrugTreatment Program.



FY 1997 $ 857,000FY 1998 $ 954,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $2,984,400





315.0%


819.1%0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

18000

21000

24000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Missouri Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Missouri


The Missouri Department of Correction’s drug testingpolicy and procedures submission complies with allmandatory elements for drug testing, sanctions, andtreatment. The Department currently practices bothrandom and targeted drug testing in Missouri’s prisonsand in community correctional settings. Each month 12percent of the institutional population, and 14 percentof probationers and parolees are randomly tested for


drug use. In addition, 10 percent of the institutionalpopulation is selected for targeted testing based onoffender-specific criteria, including patterns of priordrug use. Missouri has also implemented twoDeterrence Testing Pilot Projects. The pilot projectstest offenders with positive drug tests at a higherfrequency than the general population of offenders,twice per month for a 6-month period. As with thestandard random and targeted testing, positive testresults for the pilot projects will also be responded tothrough the normal application of graduated sanctionsand treatment.





4 Drug dogs used in Missouri prisons




The Missouri Department of Public Safety willsubgrant the FY 1998 RSAT award to the MissouriDepartment of Corrections (MDOC) to continuefunding the RSAT project at the Ozark CorrectionalCenter. This project was initiated under a CSATdemonstration grant. When that source of fundingwas no longer available, the FY 1996 and 1997 RSATgrant enabled MDOC to keep the program open. TheOzark Correctional Center is a 650-bed mediumsecurity institution fully dedicated to the sole purposeof providing intensive substance abuse treatment forinmates who demonstrate serious addiction. Treatmentis provided through contracted services. MDOCestimates that 500 participants will complete theprogram annually.



FY 1996 $9,373,323 $997,851FY 1997 $9,825,864 $982,974FY 1998 $9,912,000 N/A

The Missouri Department of Corrections received$397,859 in FY 1996 and $893,867 in FY 1997 forIntensive Supervision Probation and Parole Programs.The Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse alsoreceived $599,992 in FY 1996 and the Division ofChildren and Youth Services received $89,107 in FY1997 for Intensive Supervision Probation and ParolePrograms.



FY 1997 $1,553,000 FY 1998 $1,758,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $4,522,800





307.3%


61.6%0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Montana Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

0

100

200

300

400

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Montana



The Montana Department of Corrections maintains apolicy of zero tolerance in its facilities and communityprograms. Offenders are required to submit to drugtesting upon entering an adult facility or communityprogram. Thereafter, random testing is conducted at arate of 5 percent per month on all offenders. Offendersin treatment programs are tested once per month.Screening is done in each facility by trained staff, as isconfirmatory testing. All offenders who test positivefor drugs or alcohol are encouraged to enter treatmentprograms. Inmates in community programs who testpositive may be reassigned to relapse programs.Participation in a treatment program does not, however,preclude an inmate from disciplinary action.





N/A Drug dogs used in Montana prisons




The Montana Board of Crime Control (MBCC)intends to use its FY 1998 Award to continue existingresidential treatment services at two juvenile transitioncenters which were funded with FY 1996 and 1997RSAT grant funds. The programs are located in GreatFalls and Billings and each serves 12 male juvenileoffenders. The program in Great Falls will addprogramming for females in FY 1998.

Providing aftercare services to the youth remains achallenge as many are released to communities wheretreatment resources are scarce or nonexistent. TheMBCC, Department of Health, and the Department ofCorrections are working together to developinnovative ways to provide aftercare to youth whocomplete programs in the transition centers. Inaddition to the continuation and expansion of thetransition centers, MBCC will also fund a new, 30-bedtherapeutic community (TC) for adult offenders. TheTC will be located in the Pre-Release Center in Butte.



FY 1996 $2,540,324 $109,725FY 1997 $2,674,865 $ 28,366FY 1998 $2,682,000 N/A

The Montana State Prison received $19,893 inFY 1996 for a Moral Reconation Therapy Program,Lincoln and Cascade Counties received $24,000 inFY 1996 and $9,344 in 1997 for Treatment for DrugAddicted Offenders Program. Montana’s 18thJudicial Youth Court received $31,885 in FY 1996 foran Intensive Supervision Probation Program.Montana’s 19th Judicial Youth Court received grantfunds in the amount of $18,688 in FY 1996 for anAdolescent Counseling In Drugs Program. Montana’sFourth Judicial Court received grant funds in theamount of $25,259 in FY 1996 and $19,022 in 1997for a Youth Drug Treatment Court Program.



FY 1997 $ 656,000FY 1998 $ 688,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,722,400





130.8%


76.5%0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Nebraska Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

100

200

300

400

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Nebraska


Nebraska’s drug testing policies and procedures satisfyall of the required elements for both institutional andpost-release settings. Both targeted and randomurinalysis testing is an integral part of Nebraska’s drugdetection and interdiction strategy. All inmates aresubject to targeted testing should they be suspected ofdrug use, have a history of use, or if information isprovided to the correctional staff that an inmate isunder the influence, or has recently used illegal drugs.Up to 25 percent of inmates will be randomly tested


monthly, based on a computer generated list. Inmatestesting positive for illegal drugs will receive theappropriate sanction and/or treatment.




3 Drug dogs used in Nebraska prisons




The Nebraska Commission on Law Enforcement andCriminal Justice plans to subaward the total FY 1998Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) Grantto the Nebraska Department of Correctional Services(NDCS). NDCS will use the FY 1998 subgrant tocontinue funding the RSAT project located at theNebraska Correctional Center for Women, which wasbegun with FY 1996 funds and continued with FY1997 grant funds. Additionally, the project will beexpanded to include an RSAT community correctionscomponent to assist the participants with reintegrationto society. NDCS has also proposed an RSAT projectfor youthful offenders in a designated wing of the newNebraska Correctional Youth Facility. This projectwill also contain a transitional program forreintegration. Both projects will be structured toprovide a minimum of six months of residentialsubstance abuse treatment.




FY 1996 $3,725,324 $410,082FY 1997 $3,905,865 $170,000FY 1998 $3,929,000 N/A

Nebraska’s Department of Corrections (NDOC)received $99,621 in FY 1996 and $120,000 in FY1997 for a Multi-level Outpatient Substance AbuseTreatment Program and Douglas County Correctionsreceived $120,461 in FY 1996 and $50,000 in FY1997 for a Reality Therapy Program for FemaleOffenders. Nebraska’s Office of Juvenile Servicesalso received grant funds in the amount of $190,000 inFY 1996 for Comprehensive Treatment Program forYouth.



FY 1997 $ 704,000 FY 1998 $ 767,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $2,227,400





634.5%


408.9%

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Nevada Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

100

200

300

400

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Nevada


Drug testing policies within the Department of Prisonsand the Division of Parole and Probation were revisedto meet the drug testing requirements. Inmates underthe care of the Department of Prisons are testedrandomly at a rate of 5 percent per month. Thoseinvolved in alcohol and drug treatment programs aretested once every 3 months in addition to randomselection. Targeted testing is also done when there isreasonable suspicion of drug or alcohol use, prior torelease on parole, and after an inmate returns from acommunity visit. Unless the Parole Board specificallyorders that an inmate be tested at a particularfrequency, parolees and probationers are testedaccording to their classification level. Treatmentprograms are available to inmates as well as thoseunder community supervision. Treatment options aredetermined, whenever possible, by a certified substanceabuse treatment counselor and are based, to the extentpossible, on the inmate’s/parolee’s prior history ofsubstance abuse. Additionally, all positive drug tests,or refusals to test, result in a sanction based on theleast restrictive action needed to address the violation.





N/A Drug dogs used in Nevada prisons




The Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles and PublicSafety intends to use FY 1998 RSAT grant funds inconjunction with RSAT grant funds received in FY1996 and FY 1997 to initiate a residential treatmentprogram in the newly-constructed Warm SpringsCorrectional Center in Carson City. Violent OffenderIncarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing grant funds arebeing used to construct the east wing of the facilitythat will house 125 RSAT program participants whenthe facility is completed in April 1998.



FY 1996 $3,468,324 $150,842FY 1997 $3,733,865 $129,266FY 1998 $3,850,000 N/A

Nevada’s 2nd Judicial District Court received Byrneformula grant funds in the amounts of $75,443 in FY1996 and $129,266 in 1997 for an Alternatives toIncarceration Program. The Carson City JuvenileProbation Department received grant funds in theamount of $13,950 in FY 1996 for its JuvenileOffender Substance Abuse Intervention Program. ThePyramid Lake Tribal Council received $61,449 in FY1996 for a Correctional Facility Treatment Program.



FY 1997 $ 694,000FY 1998 $ 757,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $2,166,100




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

New Hampshire Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

690.0%


101.5%

0

100

200

300

400

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995New Hampshire



New Hampshire’s policy encompasses parole,Department of Corrections inmates, and probationers.The policy contains procedural statements and a clearexplanation of how sanctions are imposed at both theinstitutional and community levels. The State hastargeted 5 percent of its total offender population formonthly random drug testing. In addition, if anoffender tests positive, he or she is subject to morefrequent testing for six months. Targeted testingincludes inmates who exhibit signs of intoxication, whomiss treatment appointments, or whose cell is found tocontain drug-related items. Inmates in treatment arealso specifically identified as a targeted testing groupand are subject to monthly urinalysis.





2 Drug dogs used in New Hampshireprisons




The New Hampshire Department of Justice intends tosubgrant all FY 1998 RSAT funds to the State'sDepartment of Corrections. Grant funds will be usedto continue and add counselor positions at the State'stwo therapeutic community sites, the Summit HouseWithin the Walls at the New Hampshire State Prison(NHSP) and the Summit House Residential Programat the Lakes Region Facility (LRF). These newpositions will enable the NHSP program to double thenumber of offenders treated annually from 40 to 80.Counselors will work in the 6-month intensiveresidential treatment phase of the program only. Grantfunds will be used for three new counselor positionsat the LRF program. These new positions will enableexisting, State-funded counseling staff to work moreclosely with inmates in the pre-release and communityphases of the program, thus enhancing serviceprovision.



FY 1996 $2,974,324 $270,547FY 1997 $3,120,865 $215,172FY 1998 $3,139,000 N/A

New Hampshire’s Department of Corrections receivedByrne formula grant funds in the amounts of $245,428in FY 1996 and $181,010 in 1997 for its CorrectionalTreatment of Drug Dependent Offenders Programs.Grafton County Corrections received grant funds inthe amounts of $25,119 in FY 1996 and $34,162 in1997 for its Correctional Treatment of DrugDependent Offenders Program.



FY 1997 $ 669,000FY 1998 $ 711,450

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,874,600





356.9%


479.2%

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

New Jersey Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995New Jersey


New Jersey provided a comprehensive submission

outlining the State’s commitment to meeting therequired elements both through policy and in practice.Random drug testing is done in accordance with aconsent decree, under which the State has beenoperating since 1984. Current practice is to selectparticular housing units, work details, or otherfunctional units for testing. The State is seeking tohave the consent decree set aside and to randomly testtwo percent of all general population inmates monthly.The submission clearly describes both institutional andcommunity-based sanctions, as well as access totreatment. The State follows a continuum-of-caremodel, in which treatment begins during incarceration,continuing through parole and into the community.





2 Drug dogs used in New Jersey prisons




The New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safetyintends to subgrant FY 1998 RSAT funds to supportfour projects. The Department of Corrections willreceive funding for two programs at the Garden StateCorrectional Facility: continued support for the "FirstStep" Program, begun with prior year RSAT funding,and transfer of the "No Return" Program from Byrnegrant funding to RSAT funding. Byrne funds willthen be made available for inmate drug testinginitiatives. Treatment services in these programs areprovided through contracts with private vendors. TheJuvenile Justice Commission (JJC) will also receivefunding for two programs: continuation of the 52-bed"Alpha Meta" Program at the New Jersey TrainingSchool and establishment of a 10-bed therapeuticcommunity for adolescent girls at a site adjacent to theJJC Campus Program. Treatment services in theseprograms are, or are expected to be, provided by JJCstaff.



FY 1996 $13,431,323 $1,010,358FY 1997 $14,035,864 $ 514,899FY 1998 $14,156,000 N/A

New Jersey’s Department of Corrections receivedByrne formula grant awards of $650,000 in FY 1996and $400,000 in 1997 for its TherapeuticCommunity/Drug Treatment Programs. The Adminis-trative Office of the Courts received a grant award of$360,358 in FY 1996 for its Treatment AssessmentService Centers and $114,899 in 1997 for DrugCourts.



FY 1997 $2,207,000 FY 1998 $2,506,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $5,952,000




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

New Mexico Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

200.5%


86.4%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995New Mexico




The New Mexico Corrections Department has had adrug testing policy in place since 1989. Institutionalrandom testing is done monthly on a number of personssufficient to provide a statistically reliable sample.Any person refusing to submit to testing or failing atest is disciplined to the extent allowable by policy. AFederal consent decree prohibits staff from requiringthat inmates participate in treatment. Staff mayrecommend treatment, but the inmate has the right torefuse. The Probation and Parole Division’s testingprogram requires random testing of at least 5 percentper month. Targeted testing is also done when drug useis suspected. District supervisors have a range ofsanctions and treatment options they may impose onoffenders who test positive or refuse to submit totesting. That range may include verbal/writtenreprimands, additional community service, increasedsupervision, referral to treatment, and parole revocationfor a third positive drug test within three months.





16 Drug dogs used in New Mexico prisons




The Department of Public Safety, Office of GrantsManagement, intends to use its FY 1998 grant fundsto continue and expand residential treatment servicesat the Southern New Mexico Correctional Facility(SNMCF) located in Las Cruces. Two programsoperate at SNMCF: the "We Are Recovering (WAR)"residential treatment program for medium securityinmates and the therapeutic community at the PaulOliver Unit, also called WAR, for minimum securityinmates. Approximately twenty inmates will be addedto the WAR program at the Paul Oliver Unit in FY1998. The program for medium security inmates willcontinue to serve 32 offenders with State generalfunds. However, staff will be added to the programwith FY 1998 grant funds in an effort convert theprogram to a purely therapeutic community modelrather than a residential treatment program.

Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local LawEnforcement Assistance Formula Grant fundsawarded to the States for testing and treatmentprograms for offenders (BJA)


FY 1996 $3,773,324 $100,210FY 1997 $3,983,865 $195,000 FY 1998 $4,028,000 N/A

The University of New Mexico received a Byrneformula grant award of $45,210 in FY 1996 and$75,000 in 1997 for its Adolescent TreatmentProgram. New Mexico’s Second Judicial DistrictCourt received an award of $55,000 in FY 1996 for aSubstance Abuse Treatment Project. The NewMexico Corrections Department received $70,000 inFY 1997 for Treatment for Offender Programs. TheTown of Taos also received grant funds in the amountof $50,000 in FY 1997 for Treatment for Offenders.



FY 1997 $ 718,000FY 1998 $ 789,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $2,369,800




0

15000

30000

45000

60000

75000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

New York Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

259.9%


460.4%

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995New York



New York’s policy submission describes the State’ssystem of drug treatment for State prisoners through itsthree-phase CASAT program. As of June 1996, sevencorrectional facilities were operating as dedicatedtherapeutic community-based treatment facilities, witha total population of approximately 1,700 inmates. Anadditional seven facilities have been designated as“feeder” facilities to streamline the process of movingeligible inmates into treatment as efficiently as possible.New York also provides community reintegration andaftercare treatment to inmates nearing, or on, parolerelease. The State’s submission indicated a strongcommitment to drug testing, sanctioning, and treatmenton both the institution and community-supervisionlevels and met all required elements.





5 Drug dogs used in New York prisons




The New York Division of Criminal Justice Servicesused FY 1996 and FY 1997 funds to support a 100-bed RSAT Program at the Wyoming Annex inWestern New York. The Division intends to useFY 1998 RSAT funds to enhance the Department ofCorrectional Services' Comprehensive Alcohol andSubstance Abuse Treatment (CASAT) Program.Grant funds will be used to add counseling staff to theRelapse Prevention component of the CASATProgram. Relapse Prevention services are intended forinmates who test positive for drugs or alcohol duringtheir stay in the Community Reintegration phase ofthe CASAT Program. After a positive drug test, theinmate is reclassified to a designated RelapsePrevention site, where he or she participates in a 60-day targeted treatment intervention. If successful, theinmate may then continue Community Reintegrationprogramming. FY 1998 grant funds will be used toadd 36 staff to 12 program sites.



FY 1996 $29,294,323 $0FY 1997 $30,401,864 $0FY 1998 $30,614,000 N/A

New York did not allocate any Byrne formula grantfunds for substance abuse treatment programs in FY1996 or FY 1997.



FY 1997 $ 5,099,000FY 1998 $ 5,725,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $12,108,900




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

North Carolina Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

115.1%


132.2%


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995North Carolina


The North Carolina Department of Corrections testsfor a variety of reasons including: upon admission,when an inmate is found to be in possession of drugs ordrug paraphernalia, as part of the abuse preventionwithin the Department, when an inmate is underconsideration for placement in a community programsuch as work release, and when an inmate returns latefrom any community-based program. The DOCrandomly tests about 15 percent of the total inmatepopulation each month. A system of substance abusetreatment programs is in place for the purposes ofeducation and treatment. These programs include: drugeducation, group counseling, NA and AA, and privatealcohol and drug treatment centers.





1 Drug dog is used in North Carolinaprisons




The Governor's Crime Commission, a Division of theNorth Carolina Department of Crime Control andPublic Safety, intends to use FY 1998 grant funds forthe continuation of the State Alliance for Recoveryand General Education for Chemically DependantYouth (SARGE) Program. This program serves 144youthful offenders in adult correctional institutionsacross the State and 30 serious juvenile offenders atthe C.A. Dillon School. The Governor's CrimeCommission will also consider new initiatives inFY 1998.



FY 1996 $12,143,323 $0FY 1997 $12,831,864 $0FY 1998 $13,082,000 N/A

North Carolina did not allocate any Byrne formulagrant funds for substance abuse treatment programs inFY 1996 or 1997.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention(JJDP) Program and Juvenile AccountabilityIncentive Block Grant (JAIBG) funds awarded tothe States that may be used for juvenile offendertreatment and/or testing programs (OJJDP)


FY 1997 $2,022,000FY 1998 $2,312,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $5,582,300




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

North Dakota Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

218.1%


15.4%


0

50

100

150

200

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995North Dakota


With some minor modifications, North Dakota’sexisting institutional policies and procedures weredetermined to fully comply with the drug testing,sanctions, and treatment requirements. Their post-release policies met all of the required elements andalmost half of the recommended elements. NorthDakota randomly tests 5 percent of the generalpopulation and 15 percent of the general populationhoused at the therapeutic community. Substance abuseand drug testing referred to in their policies include butis not limited to alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine,canninoid, opiate and barbiturates. North Dakota’spolicy ensures that all incidents of positive drug testsare met with an appropriate sanction and/or treatmentintervention.





N/A Drug dog is used in North Dakotaprisons




North Dakota will use the FY 1998 RSAT Grant fundsto continue the RSAT Program initiated with the FY1996 grant and continued with the FY 1997 grant. Allof the RSAT grant funds, for those years, have beenpassed-through to the North Dakota State Penitentiaryas will the FY 1998 funds. To date, the RSAT Grantfunds have been used to pay for treatment staffsalaries and programming. The Penitentiary plans toincrease programming for RSAT participants and willprovide additional training in job skills throughvocational training. Job training is recognized as animportant element in preparing the participant fortransition to parole, community placement, or workrelease.



FY 1996 $2,203,324 $0FY 1997 $2,306,865 $0FY 1998 $2,301,000 N/A

North Dakota did not allocate any Byrne formulagrant funds for substance abuse treatment programs inFY 1996 or 1997.



FY 1997 $ 640,000 FY 1998 $ 664,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,567,900





259.4%


2.3%0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Ohio Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

The number of juvenile delinquentsconfined in State facilities fell 4.8% between1985 and 1995.

0

600

1200

1800

2400

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Ohio


Ohio submitted policies for both Adult Correctionsand the Adult Parole Authority. Adult Correctionsrandom tests five percent of inmates each month.Targeted testing is also used on a for-cause basis.Inmates who test positive are subject to bothadministrative disciplinary sanctions and a specificprogram of drug education and motivational materialsto encourage the inmate to enter treatment.Correctional drug treatment includes therapeuticcommunities, residential programs, day treatment, andself-help groups.

The Adult Parole Authority also random tests fivepercent of offenders under its supervision each month.Targeted testing is also used. A positive test mayresult in a violation hearing and/or a sanction beingimposed upon the offenders. Sanctions includeadditional testing, preparation of a relapse preventionplan, referral for treatment intervention, increasedattendance at self-help or fellowship meetings,increased reporting to the parole officer, andrevocation. The parole officer works with a chemicaldependency specialist to determine the best treatmentoption for each parolee.





6 Drug dogs used in Ohio prisons

Federal Resources That Could SupportSubstance Abuse Programs for Offenders


State AwardFY 1996 $ 928,595FY 1997 $1,033,645FY 1998 $2,209,736

The Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services (OCJS)intends to use FY 1998 RSAT funding to expand theinitiatives begun with FY 1996 and FY 1997 funding.RSAT funds support four residential substance abusetreatment programs in State correctional facilities, twofor adults and two for youthful offenders. With FY1998 funds, OCJS intends to establish additionalprograms. OCJS intends to convene an advisorycommittee including representatives from adult, youth,and community corrections, as well as the OhioDepartment of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services.This committee will determine the procedure forsoliciting applications for new programs to be fundedwith the FY 1998 grant.



FY 1996 $18,373,323 $3,760,678FY 1997 $19,183,864 $1,319,165FY 1998 $19,296,000 N/A

The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction

received $510,661 in FY 1996 and $371,493 in 1997for its Residential Treatment Programs. TheDepartment of Youth Services received $63,241 in FY1996 and $173,038 for Substance Abuse Units andCommunity Service Coordinators. Local awards forResidential Treatment Programs totaled $957,850 inFY 1996 and $294,693 in FY 1997. Ohio awarded$1,918,152 in FY 1996 and $390,450 in 1997 to over30 counties for Non-Residential Treatment Programsand $151,999 in FY 1996 and $489,491 in 1997 forlocal Day Reporting Programs. Ohio also awarded$158,775 for a Services To Mentally Ill SubstanceAbuse Offenders Program.



FY 1997 $3,214,000FY 1998 $3,591,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $8,027,700




0

4000

8000

12000

16000

20000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Oklahoma Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

343.3%


25.5%


0

75

150

225

300

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Oklahoma


Oklahoma’s drug testing policies and procedurescomply with the Congressional requirement for drugtesting, sanctions, and treatment. All offenders aresubject to drug testing. There are a variety of ways thattests are administered: as part of the admissionsprocess, as a routine monitoring measure, as a randomsampling of the offender population, or as deemedappropriate based on the offender’s behavior.


Oklahoma’s response to positive drug tests for bothinstitutional and post-release situations are a series ofgraduated sanctions and/or treatment options for theoffender.





8 Drug dogs used in Oklahoma prisons




The Oklahoma District Attorneys' Council plans tofund four pilot RSAT Projects. The OklahomaDepartment of Corrections will administer two RSATPilot Projects: one for adult males and one for adultfemales. The Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairswill continue to administer two pilot projects, one formales and one for females. Prior RSAT funds wereallocated to two pilot projects administered by theOklahoma Office of Youth Affairs. These projectsbegan operation in October 1997.



FY 1996 $6,252,324 $323,113FY 1997 $6,540,865 $238,437FY 1998 $6,590,000 N/A

The Department of Corrections received $73,000 in

FY 1996 and $90,000 in 1997 for its Day ReportingProgram. The DOC also received $38,563 in FY 1996and $11,437 in 1997 for the Female OffenderRegimented Treatment Program, $28,000 in FY 1996for the MRT for Substance Abuse Project, and$40,000 in FY 1997 for an Aftercare Program.Oklahoma’s District 9 District Attorney received grantfunds in the amount of $122,550 in FY 1996 for aDrug Court Program. The Okmulgee County Sheriff’sDepartment received $12,000 in FY 1997 for aSubstance Abuse Assessment Project. Oklahoma’sOsage Nation received $61,000 in FY 1996 and$85,000 in 1997 for a TASC Project.



FY 1997 $ 987,000 FY 1998 $1,111,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $3,284,900




0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Oregon Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

196.8%


736.0%


0

200

400

600

800

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Oregon


The Oregon Department of Corrections operates a drugtesting program that randomly tests inmates.Approximately 5 percent of the inmate population isselected for testing at random by the Department’sResearch Unit each month. Individuals who conductthe testing must complete a training course offered bythe manufacturers of the drug testing equipment.Inmates are eligible to enroll in alcohol and drugtreatment programs if they meet criteria defined inpolicy which demonstrates that they need or couldbenefit from such treatment. Waiting lists aremaintained and inmates become eligible to enroll asspace becomes available. Inmates who test positive areimmediately terminated from treatment programs andsanctioned according to policy.





5 Drug dogs used in Oregon prisons




The Oregon Department of State Police, CriminalJustice Services Division combined FY 1996 and FY1997 RSAT funds to make awards to units of localgovernment in support of the Community CorrectionsPartnership Act. The Department intends to use theFY 1998 RSAT grant to fund two pre-releaseprograms which will be operated by the Department ofCorrections. The programs will serve 50 men and 30women. The programs will be located at theColumbia River Correctional Facility in Portland,Oregon.



FY 1996 $5,986,324 $0FY 1997 $6,320,865 $0FY 1998 $6,434,000 N/A

Oregon did not allocate any Byrne formula grant fundsfor substance abuse treatment programs in FY 1996 or1997.



FY 1997 $ 896,000 FY 1998 $1,020,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $3,110,400





349.5%


711.9%0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Pennsylvania Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

200

400

600

800

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Pennsylvania


The Pennsylvania Department of Corrections and thePennsylvania Board of Parole have submitted policiesthat contain all required elements. The Department ofCorrections policy outlines the Drug InterdictionProgram, which encompasses random urine and hairtesting of inmates, routine testing as part of thereception process, the use of electronic drug detectionequipment and canine teams to detect the presence ofcontrolled substances, and the use of automatedtechnology to track the number of tests performed andtheir results. Positive drug tests result in graduateddisciplinary sanctions, according to defined


Departmental disciplinary procedures. Positive drugtests also result in sanctions for parolees.





N/A Drug dogs used in Pennsylvaniaprisons




The Pennsylvania Commission on Crime andDelinquency will use FY 1998 RSAT funds toenhance its partnership with the State's Department ofCorrections and Board of Probation and Parole byexpanding the availability of substance abusetreatment services. The ongoing initiative to providesubstance abuse treatment to male parole violators,Project Objective, will be continued and expanded toinclude additional treatment slots for 25 femaleinmates at the State Correctional Institution (SCI) atCambridge Springs. This program will encompass sixmonths of treatment in the correctional institution,followed by another six months of programming whilethe inmate resides in a Community CorrectionsCenter. Grant funds also will be used to establishtherapeutic communities for male inmates at sixcorrectional institutions: Albion, Camp Hill, CoalTownship, Houtzdale, Mahanoy, and Somerset. Thetreatment program will consist of 12 months ofresidential programming. Programs will be operatedby licensed private vendor, selected through acompetitive bid process to operate the units.



FY 1996 $19,841,323 $746,294FY 1997 $20,662,864 $0FY 1998 $20,722,000 N/A

Pennsylvania’s Department of Corrections received aByrne formula grant award of $562,000 in FY 1996for the Expansion of the Ionscan 400 Drug DetectionProgram. The Cambria County Adult ProbationBureau received $17,230 in FY 1996 for a DrugTesting Program. The Allegheny County St. FrancisMedical Center received $167,064 for a CommunityOffender Treatment Alternative project.



FY 1997 $3,270,000 FY 1998 $3,650,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $8,140,600





374.1%


144.7%0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Rhode Island Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

0

75

150

225

300

375

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Rhode Island



The Rhode Island Department of Corrections iscommitted to maintaining a zero tolerance for substanceabuse by offenders. Each positive substance abuse testresults in a response using a system of graduatedsanctions and appropriate interventions, as well assupervision strategies which provide for public safety,offender accountability, and rehabilitation. TheDepartment’s policy states that drug testing andsanctions are effective in suppressing drug use, andwhen linked with treatment, provide an effectivemechanism to identify inmates with substance abuseproblems and target them for appropriate interventions.The Department has implemented random and for-cause testing of inmates and parolees. For inmates,testing lists are generated randomly; for parolees, drugtesting must be imposed as a special condition ofparole.





N/A Drug dogs used in Rhode Islandprisons




The Rhode Island Governor's Justice Commissionintends to use FY 1998 RSAT funds to support threeprojects: a 24-bed therapeutic community at theRhode Island Training School for youth, a 50-bedtherapeutic community at the Department ofCorrections' (DOC) Minimum Security Facility, anda 24-bed therapeutic community at the DOC'sMaximum Security Facility. All programs will beoperated by private vendors selected through acompetitive bid process. The minimum securityprogram has received funding through prior yearRSAT grants.



FY 1996 $2,758,324 $205,000FY 1997 $2,866,865 $0FY 1998 $2,861,000 N/A

Rhode Island’s Department of Corrections received$150,000 award in FY 1996 for a Substance Abuse forIncarcerated Women Project. The Rhode IslandDepartment of Children, Youth, and Families received$55,000 for a Training School Substance AbuseProgram.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention(JJDP) Program and Juvenile AccountabilityIncentive Block Grant (JAIBG) funds awarded tothe States that may be used for juvenile offendertreatment and/or testing programs (OJJDP)


FY 1997 $ 656,000FY 1998 $ 689,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,728,500





182.6%


140.0%0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

18000

21000

24000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

South Carolina Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

300

600

900

1200

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995South Carolina


The South Carolina Department of Corrections iscommitted to a zero tolerance policy for illegal drug useby inmates and employees of the Department. TheDepartment randomly tests 1,600 inmates per month orabout 7.5 percent of the total inmate population. Inaddition, those who have previously tested positive orhave been found with controlled substances will bemade part of a control group that is tested monthly oruntil 12 clean samples have been given. All inmateswho test positive are referred to a counselor whoperforms an assessment to determine a proper treatment


modality, which may include: self-help groups,educational classes, individual and/or group counseling,and therapeutic communities. A graduated system ofsanctions is used for continued positive tests.





7 Drug dogs used in South Carolinaprisons




The South Carolina Department of Public Safety(SCDPS) used FY 1996 and FY 1997 grant funds toexpand substance abuse treatment programming foradult and juvenile correctional populations and intendsto use FY 1998 RSAT grant funds for continuation ofthe drug treatment program at the TurbevilleCorrectional Institution. SCDPS also plans to identifyfacilities within correctional institutions that can bemodified to house residential substance abusetreatment units that are set apart from the generalcorrectional population to serve juveniles, youthful,and adult offenders. .



FY 1996 $6,879,323 $419,232FY 1997 $7,175,865 $582,080FY 1998 $7,233,000 N/A

The State of South Carolina received a Byrne formulagrant award of $419,232 in FY 1996 and $582,080 in1997 for its Addictions Treatment Unit Project.



FY 1997 $1,062,000 FY 1998 $1,182,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $3,422,300





277.8%


240.4%0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

South Dakota Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

50

100

150

200

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995South Dakota


The South Dakota Department of Corrections (DOC)has a zero-tolerance policy with regard to use ofalcohol and controlled substances by all adult andjuvenile inmates and parolees. The DOC maintains acommitment to the drug testing, sanctions, andeffective treatment for adults and juveniles under itsjurisdiction. Their policy includes urinalysis testingand/or breath analyzer testing to detect the use ofunauthorized controlled substances and alcohol byinmates and parolees. Appropriate sanctions and/ortreatment interventions are provided for all positivedrug tests.





1 Drug dogs used in South Dakotaprisons

Federal Resources That CouldSupport for Substance AbusePrograms for Offenders



South Dakota will use the FY 1998 RSAT grant tofund long term residential substance abuse treatmentfor juvenile offenders. One program, for juvenilefemales, is already underway, and FY 1998 funds willbe used to continue the program. FY 1998 RSATfunds will be used for a new project for juvenilemales. The Department of Corrections will work withprivate sector vendors to develop a long term resi-dential substance abuse treatment program to beimplemented in two locations in the western andeastern regions of the State. It is anticipated that eachvendor will provide services to 10 participants.



FY 1996 $2,331,324 $600,000FY 1997 $2,447,865 $0FY 1998 $2,445,000 N/A

The South Dakota Department of Human Servicesreceived a Byrne formula grant award of $300,000 inFY 1996 for a Chemical Dependency Continuum ofServices Program and $300,000 in FY 1996 for aJuvenile Justice Comprehensive Continuum of CareProject.



FY 1997 $ 649,000FY 1998 $ 677,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,653,500




0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Tennessee Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

185.1%


188.4%


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Tennessee


The Tennessee Department of Corrections is committedto a policy of zero tolerance of inmate drug/alcohol usewithin State correctional facilities. The DOC operatesa urinalysis testing program based on drug/alcoholtesting, graduated sanctions, and treatmentinterventions that deter the use of illegal drugs andalcohol by inmates. All adult inmates, male andfemale, incarcerated in a State operated or State fundedcorrectional facility are subject to urinalysis testing atany time during their incarceration. Random screensare conducted on a monthly basis. The Departmentprovides an opportunity for inmates who test positivefor drug use to receive substance abuse programmingservices. Inmates that are assigned to a substanceabuse treatment program who test positive on a drug oralcohol screen, after the confirmation test, are requiredto incur the cost of the confirmation test, and have theirvisitation privileges suspended. Treatment staff useescalating sanctions as a means to hold offendersaccountable for their actions.





N/A Drug dogs used in Tennessee prisons

Resources that could be used forSubstance Abuse TreatmentPrograms for Offenders



The Tennessee Office of Criminal Justice Programs’plan for FY 1996 and FY 1997 RSAT funds includedsupporting both adult and juvenile offender residentialsubstance abuse initiatives. The Tennessee Depart-ment of Finance and Administration intends to use FY1998 grant funds to add treatment programs for adultand juvenile offenders at both the State and local level.



FY 1996 $9,214,323 $660,208FY 1997 $9,717,865 $586,918FY 1998 $9,849,000 N/A

Tennessee’s Department of Corrections receivedByrne formula grant funds in the amounts of $144,976in FY 1996 and $189,462 in 1997 for a CognitiveSkills Treatment Project. Tennessee’s Department ofChildren Services received grant funds in the amountsof $385,449 in FY 1996 and $397,456 in 1997 for theEXIT/Reunion Substance Abuse Treatment Program.In FY 1996, Knox County received $34,981 for anEarly Release Treatment Program and $22,893 for aComprehensive Substance Abuse Treatment Program.Metropolitan Davidson County received $40,345 fora Mentally Ill Chemical Abuse Advocacy Program and$31,564 for a Women’s Center in FY 1996.



FY 1997 $1,473,000 FY 1998 $1,667,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $4,349,100




0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Texas Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996Prison

populationincreased

490.0%


790.1%


0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Texas Drug Testing, Sanctions, and

Treatment Policies

Texas complied with all of the recommended drugtesting elements as well as the required elements. In1990, five programs were established as part of theircomprehensive substance abuse treatment strategy:Substance Abuse Felony Punishment Facilities(SAFPF); In-Prison Therapeutic Community (TC);State Jail Substance Abuse Treatment Program(SJSAT); Institutional Substance Abuse Program(ISA); and Continuum of Care (CC). Together theseprograms address a range of sanctions and treatmentfor institutionalized offenders as well as those offendersin the community who are under the supervision of theDepartment of Corrections. Texas’s comprehensiveapproach to drug testing not only meets the drug testingrequirements, but demonstrates their commitment toensuring that its institutions and community correctionsprograms remain drug-free.





10 Drug dogs used in Texas prisons




The Governor’s Office, Criminal Justice Division usedFY 1996 and FY 1997 RSAT funds to support 10-15residential substance abuse treatment projects. In FY1998, the Division will publish a Request ForApplications in the Texas Register, inviting substanceabuse treatment proposals from adult and juvenilecorrectional agencies, both State and local. Proposalswill be scored competitively and grants will beawarded based on the availability of funds and thequality of the projects.



FY 1996 $29,617,323 $184,422FY 1997 $31,345,864 $0FY 1998 $32,137,000 N/A

Texas’s Tarrant County received Byrne formula grantfunds in the amount of $184,422 in FY 1996 for aDrug Impact & Rehabilitation EnhancedComprehensive Treatment Project.



FY 1997 $ 6,070,000FY 1998 $ 6,875,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $14,307,200





392.8%


483.3%0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

3600

4200

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Utah Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

100

200

300

400

500

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Utah


The Utah Department of Corrections has submittedseparate policies covering drug testing in institutionsand in field operations. The policies arecomprehensive, addressing specimen collection andtesting procedures in detail, testing of offendersrandomly as well as in treatment, and providing aschedule of treatment and disciplinary interventionsfor positive drug tests. Several policy elements wererevised to comply with VOI/TIS drug testing policyrequirements.





N/A Drug dogs used in Utah prisons




The Utah Commission on Criminal and JuvenileJustice (UCCJJ) will solicit proposals from eligibleapplicants in State and local adult and juvenilecorrectional agencies for awarding the FY 1998 RSATgrant funds. A grant review committee will review theproposals and funding will be awarded to subgranteesto begin programs in January 1999. Awards weremade to the Department of Corrections and the UtahCounty Sheriff’s Office in FY 1996.



FY 1996 $4,165,324 $ 95,212FY 1997 $4,410,865 $471,338FY 1998 $4,491,000 N/A

The Utah Department of Corrections received a Byrneformula grant of $95,212 in FY 1996 for a ResidentialSubstance Abuse Treatment Program, $92,172 in FY1997 for a Treatment for Offenders Project, and$120,000 in FY 1997 for a Day Reporting/TreatmentProject. The Division of Youth Corrections received$259,166 in FY 1997 for a Day/Night ReportingCenter.



FY 1997 $ 759,000 FY 1998 $ 856,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $2,797,900


State AwardFY 1996 $ 9,373,446FY 1997 $10,785,895FY 1998 $10,785,895



114.8%


52.7%0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Vermont Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

10

20

30

40

50

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Vermont


The Vermont Department of Corrections submitted asingle policy covering institutional and post-releasesupervision. The policy describes targeted andrandom testing for both populations. For institutionalinmates, a positive drug test is viewed as adisciplinary violation and results in a hearing andimposition of a sanction. Sanctions may includeincreased attendance at treatment meetings or drugeducation. For parolees, a positive drug test results ina Level II rule violation. Sanctions include loss ofprivileges, community service, or up to 30 daysplacement in a correctional facility. For both


categories of supervision, individuals may be referredto treatment as a result of a positive drug test.





N/A Drug dogs used in Vermont prisons




The Vermont Department of Public Safety combinedFY 1996 and FY 1997 awards to enable theDepartment of Corrections to implement substanceabuse treatment services at the Northern StateCorrectional Facility. The Department of PublicSafety intends to subgrant FY 1998 RSAT funds tothe State Department of Corrections to support threesubstance abuse treatment programs: the 60-bedPathways Therapeutic Community at Northern StateCorrectional Facility, which was begun with prior yearRSAT funding; a similar program that will bedeveloped at the Northwest State CorrectionalFacility; a 12-bed therapeutic community program thatwill be developed for female inmates at the ChittendenRegional Correctional Facility. Treatment services forall programs are, or are expected to be, contractedfrom a private vendor through a competitive bidprocess.



FY 1996 $1,872,000 $0FY 1997 $1,962,900 $0FY 1998 $2,213,000 N/A

Vermont did not allocate any Byrne formula grantfunds for substance abuse treatment programs in FY1996 or 1997.



FY 1997 $ 635,000FY 1998 $ 655,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,514,800





261.1%


161.9%0

6000

12000

18000

24000

30000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Virginia Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Virginia


The Virginia Department of Corrections has updated itsdrug testing policies to conform with the requirementsand implementation of the drug testing, sanctions, andtreatment requirement of the Violent OffenderIncarceration and Truth in Sentencing Program. Therevised policy clearly articulates the Department’s zero-tolerance policy toward inmate substance abuse. It alsoestablishes policy on substance abuse programming andsanctions for substance use. The Adult Corrections


policy requires that facilities randomly test at least 5percent of the population each month, and for thosewho test positive to be tested once per week for aminimum of 90 days. The policy identifies a range ofpreventive and punitive sanctions that may be used todeter or punish inmates for drug or alcohol use.




24 Drug dogs used in Virginia prisons




The Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Servicesintends to use FY 1998 grant funds to continue theSubstance Abuse Jail Residential Project which serves100 adult males and 75 adult females. A subgrant willalso be made to the Department of Juvenile Justice forenhancement of existing drug treatment programs.



FY 1996 $11,342,323 $0

FY 1997 $11,905,864 $953,592FY 1998 $12,037,000 N/A


The Department of Corrections received $278,566 fora Drug Abuse Treatment for Adult Offenders Program.The following local agencies received FY 1997 Byrneformula grant awards for Treatment for Juvenile andAdult Offender Programs: the City of Hamptonreceived $66,951; the Blue Ridge CommunityServices Board received $44,818; the County ofLoudon received $103,011; the City of Norfolkreceived $66,060; the Department of Juvenile Justicereceived $183,520; Appomattox County received$29,159; the City of Alexandria received $41,237; andthe City of Newport News received $143,270.



FY 1997 $1,812,000 FY 1998 $2,058,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $5,095,800





201.1%

Parolepopulationdecreased2091.3%

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Washington Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Washington



The Washington State Department of Correctionsmaintains a policy of zero tolerance regarding offenderdrug use. By the tenth of each month, DOC researchstaff provide a computer generated list of offenders tobe tested. The number of offenders to be tested equalsfive percent of the average daily population in eachfacility. Offenders in treatment programs are testedupon entry to the program and monthly thereafter. Allpositive tests result in the initiation of adisciplinary/sanction process and the referral to a


chemical dependency treatment provider. Offenders inthe community (probation, parole, community custody,and post release supervision) are tested at least once permonth if their contracts specifically prohibit drug andalcohol use and more often if determined appropriate bythe community corrections staff. Staff have discretionto impose sanctions appropriate to the number ofviolations and other factors.




8 Drug dogs used in Washington Prisons




The Washington Department of Community, Trade,and Economic Development (CTED) intends tocontinue funding of the Pine Lodge Pre-ReleaseCenter. The RSAT Program serves 72 femaleoffenders in a facility located outside of Spokane. Inaddition, the (CTED) will initiate a competitiveprocess for awarding FY 1998 funds to other Stateagencies and local units of government.

Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local LawEnforcement Assistance Formula Grant fundsawarded to the States that may be used for testing

and treatment programs for offenders (BJA)


FY 1996 $ 9,474,323 $0FY 1997 $ 9,998,865 $201,450FY 1998 $10,193,000 N/A



127.9%


106.4%

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

West Virginia Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

Washington’s Thurston County received Byrneformula grant funds in the amount of $100,000 inFY 1997 and the Mertopolitan Development Councilreceived $101,450 inFY 1997 for Treatmenti n C o u n t y J a i l sPrograms.

Juvenile Justice andD e l i n q u e n c yPrevention (JJDP)Program and JuvenileA c c o u n t a b i l i t yIncentive Block Grant( J A I B G ) f u n d sawarded to the Statesthat may be used forjuvenile offender drugtreatment and/ortest ing programs(OJJDP)


FY 1997 $1,594,000FY 1998 $1,811,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $4,625,500





0

50

100

150

200

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995West Virginia


The West Virginia Division of Corrections has a zerotolerance policy for the use of drugs or alcohol bypersons who are in the Division’s custody or who areunder parole or probation supervision. It utilizestesting to assist in controlling instances of illegal drugand intoxicant abuse within its institutions and centers,and by parolees. All incoming felons participate insubstance abuse education programs and individualcounseling and both discussion and therapy groups areoffered to those identified as needing substance abusetreatment. Treatment programs are available to thoseunder probation or parole supervision either throughlocal mental facilities and/or through contractcounselors who work out of the parole office and whoprovide individual and group counseling as well asreferrals.





3 Drug dogs used in West Virginiaprisons




FY 1996 and FY 1997 RSAT funds were used toestablish a 24-bed residential unit at PruntytownCorrectional Facility and 8-bed treatment units at fourregional jails (totaling 32 beds). The West VirginiaDivision of Criminal Justice Services intends to useFY 1998 RSAT grant funds to support institution-based drug treatment programs.



FY 1996 $4,032,324 $0FY 1997 $4,212,865 $0FY 1998 $4,209,000 N/A

West Virginia did not allocate any Byrne formulagrant funds for substance abuse treatment programs inthe FY 1996 or 1997.



FY 1997 $ 699,000 FY 1998 $ 759,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $2,178,600





288.1%


348.7%0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Wisconsin Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996

0

300

600

900

1200

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Wisconsin



Wisconsin’s policy statements and testing proceduresare well-defined for both institutional and communitysettings. The Division of Adult Institutions (DAI) isresponsible for administering Wisconsin’s drug testingpolicies and procedures. DAI is firmly committed to azero-tolerance of drug use to protect the public and toprovide a safe, drug free environment for staff andoffenders. DAI’s correctional staff is also committedto responding to each instance of a positive test result.


Through the appropriate treatment protocol, the DAIaims to ensure that offenders released from its facilitiesremain drug-free.





N/A Drug dogs used in Wisconsin prisons




The Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance willsubaward the FY 1998 RSAT grant to the WisconsinDepartment of Corrections to continue the support ofa 25-bed residential treatment unit initiated with theFY 1996 grant and continued with the FY 1997 grant.This project established a residential program for maleoffenders with co-existing disorders of chronic mentalillness and substance abuse. In addition to the existingRSAT Program, the Department proposes to establisha six to twelve month residential treatment programfor women with histories of substance abuse. It isanticipated that this program will serve up to 30women annually..



FY 1996 $9,070,323 $0FY 1997 $9,503,865 $0FY 1998 $9,591,000 N/A

Wisconsin did not allocate any Byrne formula grantfunds for substance abuse treatment programs in theFY 1996 or 1997.



FY 1997 $1,521,000FY 1998 $1,693,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $4,399,400





274.8%


338.6%0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1977 1983 1989 1995

Prison

Parole

Wyoming Prison and Parole Populations, 1977-1996


0

50

100

150

200

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995

Delinquent Youth in Custody, 1985-1995Wyoming


The drug testing policy for the Wyoming Departmentof Corrections covers both institutions and post releasesupervision. Approximately five percent of the totaloffender population are tested each month. Inmateswho refuse to submit to testing are considered to haveviolated the Inmate Code of Discipline and disciplinaryproceedings may be initiated against them. Positiveresults are forwarded to the appro-priatewarden/superintendent or probation/parole agent fordetermination as to criminal proceedings, disciplinaryaction, or treatment intervention. Each positive testresults in either a disciplinary action or treatmentintervention. Escalating sanctions are delineated in theInmate Code of Discipline. Offenders in treatment whotest positive are dismissed from the program.Offenders on probation or parole are subject to anescalating range of sanctions defined in the drug testingpolicy.





N/A Drug dogs used in Wyoming prisons



State AwardFY 1996 N/A (State did not apply in FY 1996)FY 1997 $140,673FY 1998 $298,773

The Department of the Attorney General has prepareda document entitled the 1998 MethamphetamineInitiative which addresses the need for additionaltreatment programs in correctional facilities. Theinitiative will be used as a basis for discussions withthe Department of Corrections to expand treatmentprograms in both its institutions and community-basedresidential programs throughout the State. The prioryear of funding went to the Department of FamilyServices for residential treatment programs in theWyoming Boys School and the Wyoming GirlsSchool. Treatment services began in October 1997and serve approximately 20 youth in each program.



FY 1996 $1,952,324 $0FY 1997 $2,047,865 $0 FY 1998 $2,040,000 N/A

Wyoming allocated no Byrne formula grant funds forsubstance abuse treatment programs in FY 1996 or1997.



FY 1997 $ 632,000FY 1998 $ 650,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,482,600





The Department of Public Safety of American Samoasubmitted drug testing policies that require 100 percenttesting of all offenders each month. Byrne FormulaGrant funds will pay for the DOC-wide testing, whileRSAT grant funds will support the costs of those inresidential treatment. An outside laboratory will test allspecimens. Staff from the Division of Corrections aretrained to collect and store specimens for transfer bythe lab. The Department of Public Safety, Division ofCorrections (DPS/DC), provides counseling, drugeducation, and group activities for known drug abusersand those who test positive for drugs or alcohol. Inaddition, the DPS/DC is developing a residentialsubstance abuse treatment program for up to 14individuals with 6 to 12 months left on their sentences.A person testing positive more than five timesconsecutively will be transferred to a medical unit onthe island for detoxification. Persons who test positivewill lose their eligibility for work release or communityrelease for a period determined by the Commissioner ofPublic Safety.




The Criminal Justice Planning Agency (CJPA) inAmerican Samoa intends to use FY 1998 RSAT grantfunds in conjunction with funds received from RSATgrants in FY 1996 and 1997 to provide treatmentservices to 10 offenders in a therapeutic community(TC), which is still under development. Constructionof the facility designated to house the TC will becompleted in December 1998. CJPA, the Department

of Corrections, and the Department of Mental Healthare working cooperatively to develop the treatmentprogram.



FY 1996 $908,737 $70,913FY 1997 $952,650 $0FY 1998 $943,360 N/A

The American Samoa Territory’s Criminal JusticePlanning Agency received Byrne formula grant fundsin the amount of $70,913 in FY 1996 for a JuvenileTreatment Center.


State AwardJJDP FY 1996 $100,000

FY 1997 $105,000FY 1998 $108,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $446,391

Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment BlockGrant funds awarded to the States that may beused for treatment and/or aftercare programs(CSAT)




The Guam Department of Corrections has submittedpolicies that cover institutions and communitysupervision, including parolees. The policies addressdrug testing for all segments of the offender population,and include collection procedures and staffresponsibilities. All specimens are shipped to Hawaiifor processing. The DOC provides treatment optionswithin its resources. The Drug Abuse TreatmentServices Administrator has responsibility for assessinginmates referred for treatment and for establishingprogram admission criteria. The policy provides arange of escalating sanctions for those who testpositive.




The Bureau of Planning in Guam intends to subawardRSAT grant funds to the Department of Correctionsfor a residential treatment program. Plans areproceeding with the hiring of five clinical staff whowill provide counseling and treatment once adedicated facility is constructed and/or designated.



FY 1996 $1,251,000 $0FY 1997 $1,310,400 $0FY 1998 $1,477,000 N/A

Guam did not allocate any Byrne formula grant fundsfor substance abuse treatment programs in FY 1996 or1997.



FY 1997 $111,000 FY 1998 $118,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $676,350





The Division of Corrections in the Commonwealth ofthe Northern Mariana Islands submitted drug testingpolicies that cover institutions and post-releasesupervision. The policies clearly address all requiredelements and most recommended elements. Treatmentinterventions and escalating sanctions are welldescribed and leave imposition of one or the other up toa majority vote of a team consisting of the DOCdirector, designees from the Parole and Probationoffices, and one DOC employee.




The Criminal Justice Planning Agency of the NorthernMariana Islands intends to use its RSAT funds toimplement a residential treatment program within theDivision of Corrections at its main facility. Theprogram will admit 6 offenders initially, but will serveup to 25 persons once the program has been fullydeveloped. Project implementation has been delayedbecause a facility must first be built to accommodatethe program. The Department of Public Works willdesign and construct the building.



FY 1996 $447,587 $0FY 1997 $469,215 $0FY 1998 $464,640 N/A

The Northern Mariana Islands did not allocate anyByrne formula grant funds for substance abusetreatment programs in the FY 1996 or 1997.



FY 1997 $103,000FY 1998 $104,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $229,959





Puerto Rico’s drug testing policy addresses all of therequired policy elements and most of the recommendedelements. Puerto Rico is committed to controllingoffenders’ unauthorized use of alcohol and drugs withininstitutional facilities and community programs. Zerotolerance will be maintained and Puerto Rico willrespond to each positive sample with a graduated scaleof disciplinary procedures and sanctions. Regardless ofthe crime and its causes, those arrested for the first timeimmediately undergo treatment for problems such asdrug and alcohol addiction, domestic violence,psychological disorders, or any other seriousconditions. Training has been established for theDepartment’s employees in order to enhance theirsensitivity to the inmate’s needs and their ability toproperly orient them to the available rehabilitationprograms.




The Puerto Rico Department of Justice subawardedFY 1996 and 1997 funds to the Administration ofCorrections to support a pilot residential substanceabuse program for 30 male inmates with drug abuseproblems at the Humacao District Jail. FY 1998RSAT grant funds also will support the program at theHumacao District Jail. The program will serve 100adult males who have been revoked from communityprograms and/or inmates with a mandate to participatein a treatment program prior to parole. These inmatesare in the last 6-12 months of their sentence.



FY 1996 $6,814,324 $1,340,622FY 1997 $7,306,865 $FY 1998 $7,368,000 N/A

In FY 1996, Puerto Rico’s Mental Health and Anti-addiction Services Administration received a Byrneformula award of $267,000 for its JuvenileDelinquency Associated With Drug Use Project and$300,000 for its Drug Court-Treatment Program. TheCorrections Administration also received $374,494 fora Drug Court-Corrections Program. The CourtsAdministration received $146,230 for a Drug Courts-Judicial Program. Assmaca received $252,898 for itsTreatment Alternatives to Street Crime program.



FY 1997 $1,298,000 FY 1998 $1,456,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $3,944,900





In response to the congressional requirement, the VirginIslands has initiated a new, comprehensive approach todrug testing, treatment, and sanctions for its supervisedpopulation of offenders. The territory-wide policydescribes the conditions and circumstances under whichthe Bureau of Corrections will conduct testing of allinmates, parolees, and probationers. The Bureau ofCorrections is committed to a policy of zero tolerancewithin its institutions and in the community by theoffenders under the supervision of the criminal justicesystem.




The Virgin Islands Law Enforcement PlanningCommission intends to use its RSAT funds to create a12-bed therapeutic community which will provide anintensive treatment program for up to 24 inmates eachyear. The commission plans to either retrofit anexisting cell block or to purchase and install threemodular housing units at the Golden GroveCorrectional Facility.



FY 1996 $1,374,324 $0FY 1997 $1,439,865 $0FY 1998 $1,427,000 N/A

The Virgin Islands did not allocate any Byrne formulagrant funds for substance abuse treatment programs inFY 1996 or 1997.



FY 1997 $ 108,000 FY 1998 $ 113,000

JAIBG FY 1998 $1,246,700



FIRST CLASS MAILPOSTAGE & FEES PAID

DOJ/OJPPermit No. G-91

U. S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice Programs

Washington, D.C. 20531

Official BusinessPenalty for Private Use $300

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