starting from delphic oracle apollo and artemis
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Starting from Delphic Oracle Apollo and Artemis. Wu Shiyu. 课外作业. 神话故事: Echo 和 Narcissus. Echo 是 nymph ,喜欢说话 偷情, Hera, 只能重复他人的话的最后几个字 爱上 Narcissus ,遭拒 Narcissus 不爱任何人 “愿他只爱自己,永远享受不到他所爱的东西”( P61 ) 水边的,再见。. 皮刺摩斯和提斯柏. 邻居 墙,裂缝 桑树底下约会 提斯柏,雄狮、牛,衣服 外套,宝剑,自杀 提斯柏也自杀,桑树浆果变红. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Starting from Delphic Oracle
Apollo and Artemis
Wu Shiyu
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课外作业
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神话故事: Echo 和 Narcissus
Echo 是 nymph,喜欢说话偷情, Hera,只能重复他人的话的最后几个字爱上 Narcissus,遭拒Narcissus不爱任何人“愿他只爱自己,永远享受不到他所爱的东西”( P61)水边的,再见。
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皮刺摩斯和提斯柏
邻居墙,裂缝桑树底下约会提斯柏,雄狮、牛,衣服外套,宝剑,自杀提斯柏也自杀,桑树浆果变红
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Apollo and Artemis
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Olympians: Apollo and Artemis
Twin sisters
Zeus the father
Leto the mother
sun and moon
More complex
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God Apollo
God of:
Sun
Youth
Medicine
Healing
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God Apollo
God of:
Arts: music, poetry
Preside the nine Muses
Creative ability
Representing Culture
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Olympians: Apollo
Still god of
Sudden death for men
Plague
Wearing a quiver
Carrying a bow
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Apollo: God of Prophecy
The most important aspect:
God of prophecy
Delphic oracle (Delphi)
Sacred to Apollo
Apollo’s role as a god of who provides prophecy for humans is central to our understanding of him
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Delphic Oracle (特尔斐神谕 )
Consult the oracle
People travel to Delphi
Ask the prietess there
Questions –Pythia-- answers
Questions big or small, public or privacy
“If you cross the river Halys, you will destroy a great empire.”
The story of Croesus
Video
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Apollo: God of reason and moderation
Association with reason and with moderation.
Carved on the temple:
“Know thyself”
“Nothing in Excess”
Crucial to understanding of Greek culture
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Immortal and mortal
God and man
Immortal and mortal
limitations
Unstable
Uncertain
Do not transgress
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The Story of Niobe
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The Story of Niobe
Niobe: queen of Thebes, mother of 14 children
Greater than Leto (goddess)
worshiped instead of Leto
Apollo and Artemis shoot
Cliff, water running down
Eternal tears
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Lessons to learn
Sins visited upon children
Human good fortune unstable
Changeable, unstable, disappear in the blink of an eye
Follow reason, nothing in excess, know yourself
Two maxims connected.
Excess---- not know yourself
Address by Jobs
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The Story of Croesus
Croesus, the king of Lydia (560-546 B.C.)
Lydia, Egypt, Babylon, Media
Rich, gold, silver, coinage, happiest man in the world;
Five generation ago, Candaules, Gyges
Gyges took power
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Croesus and Solon
Solon, Athenian, the law giver, Seven Sages
“Who is the happiest man in the world?”
Tellus
“Who is the second happiest man?”
Cleobis and Biton
A lucky person, look to the end
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Croesus and Solon
Solon, Athenian, the law giver, Seven Sages
“Who is the happiest man in the world?”
Tellus
“Who is the second happiest man?”
Cleobis and Biton
A lucky person, look to the end
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Solon’s Happiness
“Human life is so unpredictable, we are so at the mercy of fate, that until we are safely dead, no one can say whether we are happy or fortunate as we do not know what calamities might befall us from one day to the next. No one can truly be called happy until they are dead.”
No one is happy until the end is known.
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This was not at all what Croesus wanted to hear;
He dismissed Solon as a fool and put his words from his mind.
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Croesus’ Downfall
Dream, god’s message, son, iron weapon, killed
A savage boar, hurls the spear, killed the boy
Consult the oracle,
“You will ruin the day your son speaks?”
“If you march against the Persia Empire, a great kingdom will be destroyed.”
“Until a mule sits upon the throne of Persia”
Sardis, Cyrus came suddenly
Burn alive, “Solon, Solon, Solon!”
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Immortal and Mortal
"If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right."
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don‘t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life…”
-----Steve Jobs
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Immortal and Mortal
Eos, the dawn goddess
Affair with the human Tithonos
Enjoyed him so much
Make him immortal
Failed ageless
Continue to age
Nothing left but a voice
Complaining voice
A back chamber
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Immortal and Mortal
Attempt to gain immortality
Result in total disaster
Sybil, a female lover of Apollo
Asked for as many years of life as there were grains of sand on the shore of sea
This was granted
But eternal youth was left out
Grows older and older
Withered away into a little thing sits in cage
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几个问题
1.古希腊神话里对“人”的思考,比如本课所讲的人与神的区别,还有斯芬克斯之谜里的问题;
2.古希腊文明所体现的理性,自省与其悲剧意识和这一文明的创造性的思考。
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Homework: Hubris or hybris
Humans must avoid hubris
A word come into English from Greek.
What is hubris? Implications for our life.
Refer to presentations
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Artemis: her twins’ opposite
God of moon
Huntress
Wild beasts
Protector of young species
Sudden death
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Mistress of wild beasts
Protector of young babies including of humans
Protector of childbirth
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Protector of childbirth
Forever virgins: Artemis, Athena and Hestia
Is it contradictory?
Identify women with nature, men with culture.
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In Greek culture
Women were submissive
Male dominant
Rejecting domination by a male because of her essential wildness
Her rejection of sexuality illustrates the danger of crossing a god or transgressing the boundaries between humans and gods.
The story of Actaeon
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The story of Actaeon
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The story of Actaeon
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The story of Actaeon
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The story of Actaeon
A great hunter (Thebes)
Hunting with his friends
Wandering through woods
Surrounded a lake
Artemis, nymphs bathing
Unintentionally, by mistake
Stag, animal body, human mind
Own hounds tear to shreds
Most dreadful story
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The relation between intention and action
Involuntary slaughter
First-degree murder
In Greek myth, intention is less important that actions
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Summary
Apollo and Artemis
Polar opposite of one another
Representing culture and moderation
Representing nature and wildness
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宙斯和勒托的孩子
阿尔忒弥斯( Artemis Diana): Acteon的故事,鹿,猎狗, Niobes的故事)
Appollo(阿波罗)
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The Kingdom of Lydia
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Tellus:
a brave man, sufficient money, raised up his family, all grown up, died from fighting for his country, killed in a battle, got a public funeral
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Cleobis and Biton:
young men of Argos, priestess of Hera, yoke themselves up to the wagon, lucky, greatest gift, fell asleep, did not wake up.
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died at the height of their pride and fame before life could pull them down
a nice family, a good public reputation, died with that reputation.
No one is happy until the end is known.